REI NWARDT I A
Published by Herbarium Bogoiiense, Kebun Raya Indonesia
Volume 2, Part 1, pp..69-96 (1952)
A REVISION OF THE GENUS ARCHIDENDRON F. MUELL.
(MIMOSACEAE)
H. C. D. DE W I T *
SUMMARY
1. The present paper is the author's second revision of the genus Archidendron.
The validity of the genus is briefly discussed.
2. The genus has its centre of speciation in New Guinea. The number of species
treated is 31, not counting a few insufficiently known species. A key is given to the
species and varieties, which are described.
3. The following are new species or varieties: Archidendron affine De Wit,
A. calliandrum De Wit, A. dies-Christi De Wit, A.nervosum De Wit, A. parviflorum .
var. lovgipes De Wit, and A. trifoliolatwm De Wit.
4. New combinations are; Archidendron gogolense (K. Schum. & Laut.) De Wit
(basonym: Hansemannia gogolense K, Schum, & Laut.) and A.Incyi var. scklechteni
(Harms) De Wit (basonym: Archidendron sckleckterii Harms).
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.—The striking character in the Mimosaceous
genus Archidendron lies in its having more than one ovary. It is, however,
undesirable from a phylogenetic point of view to attach much value to
the plurality of carpels and many authors have preferred to consider the
groups of polycarpellate species in Mimosaceae as subgenera.
Many years ago, F. von Mueller, the publishing author of Archi-
dendron, pointed out (Fragm, Phytogr. Austr. 5: 10-11. 1865) that
a plurality of carpels is occasionally found in Leguminosae (Wistaria,
Gleditschia, Swartzia, Affonsea, Caesalpinia digyna Rottl, Dialium
divaricatum Vahl). I myself collected at Bogor (Buitenzorg) a specimen
of Cassia mimosoides L. which had two carpels in each flower.
On the other hand, the presence of more than one carpel in Legumino-
sae is, generally speaking, a rarity and so unambiguous a character, that
for practical reasons polycarpelly seems in this case acceptable for generic
distinction. A further argument for recognizing Archidendron as a genus
is, in my opinion, the unisexual flowers occurring in many (if not all)
species which points to considerable antiquity and stresses the isolated
position of Archidendron in Leguminosae. Other differences between
Archidendron and Pithecellobium Mart., its closest ally, I have outlined
before (De Wit in Bull. bot. Gdns Buitenz. Ill 17: 257. 1942). F. von
*Botanist, Flora Malesiana Foundation.
— 69 —
70 R E I N W A R D T 1 A [VOL. 2
Mueller, however, wished to include Pithecellobium in Albizzia, and to
maintain Archidendron as a section of Albizzia,, named Pleiophaca (cf.
Baillon, Hist. PI. 2: 50. 1870, note 1).
O. Kuntze preferred to unite Archidendron and Affonsea A. de St.
Hil., the latter genus representing South American polycarpellate Mimosa-
ceae, but I consider the general appearance and further morphology of
Affonsea sufficiently different from Archidendron to maintain both as
separate genera. The geographic distribution of Archidendron and Affon-
sea suggests that the (generic) character of polycarpelly originated
independently (bitopical), a view which agrees very well with a slight
phylogenetic importance and the occurrence of polycarpelly in various
places in the Leguminosae.
The natural affinity among species of Archidendron seems to be close.
I was unable to subdivide the genus into supraspecific taxa.
The presence of extra-floral nectaries ("glands"), sometimes on
the twigs at the insertion of the leaves, generally near the top and often
near the base of the petiole, and always on the rachis between the rachillae
and on the rachillae between the petiolules, the bracts often changing
into similar large glands, linked as it is with myrmecophily and hollow
branches, is biologically interesting. The characters of the nectaries are
also valuable in distinguishing species, if used with caution.
I found that distinctly raised petiolar and rachillar glands in young
leaves may change into indistinct, practically flat, glands in old leaves.
On the other hand very marked glands were observed which remained
intact in old leaves, the general shape of the glands appearing stable and
not changing much with age. The somewhat fleshy-thickened tips of
the corolla in many species suggest in their appearance that there, too,
nectaries are present.
Archidendron, as revised here, is by no means exhaustively studied,
not even from a morphological point of view. The specimens in the her-
baria are often poor. Collectors often failed to recognize the importance
of having complete leaves and were too often satisfied when a fragment
had been secured. In the majority of species either the fruits or the flowers
are unknown; the distribution and proportion of the sexes is practically
unknown, and I may have failed sometimes to unite conspeeific maic
and female specimens as there may exist a pronounced sexual dimorphy
that I was unable to evaluate in the absence of adequate specimens and
collector's data.
I have applied the following terminology for the foliar characters.
Petiole: the stalk from the insertion of the leaf to the first pair of pinnae
1952] DE W I T : Revision of Archidendron . 71
or jugum; rachis: the petiole prolonged beyond the insertion of the first
jugum; rachilla,: one of the paired stalks bearing the leaflets. A grooved
petiole or rachilla indicates that the stalks are actually furrowed or bear
parallel rims suggesting a furrow.
I began this revision expecting that many binomials would appear
to be synonyms. Aided this time by many types, I came to the conclusion
that only few species had been described as new without reason, though
there exists a close relationship among several of them, A comparatively
large number of new species of Archidendron remain to be discovered.
It is a pleasure to acknowledge my indebtedness to the Directors of
the herbaria of the Arnold Arboretum, Bogor, the British Museum, Brus-
sels, Florence, Kew, Leyden, Melbourne, Paris, Utrecht, and Wroclaw who
kindly supplied me with the material required.
A R C H I D E N D R O N F. Muell.
Archidendron F. von Mueller, Fragm. Phytogr. Austr. 5: 59. 1865; in J. of
Bot. 10: 10. 1872; Bentham in Benth. & Hook., Gen. PI. 1: 1004. 1867; in Trans.
Linn. Soc, Bot. 30: 349. 1875; O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 158. 1891; Taubert in
Engl. & Pr., Nat. PflFam., 3: 3. Abt.: 102. 1891; Bailey, Queensland Fl. 522. 1900;
Pulle in Nova Guinea 8: 371. 1910; Harms in Bot. Jb. 55: 39. 1917; De Wit in Bull,
bot. Gdns Buitenz. I l l 17: 256. 1942.
Hansemannia K. Schumann in Bot. Jb. 9: 201. 1887; Taubert in Engl. & Pr.,
Nat. PflFam. 3: 3. Abt.: 102. 1891; "Hausemannia" F. Muell. in Proe. Linn. Soc.
M.S. Wales Ik 5: 20. 1890 (misspelt).
Trees or shrubs, rarely large, usually cauliflorous, often with hol-
low branches. Leaves compound, bipinnate, bearing glands (extra-floral
nectaries) on the petiole, rachis, and rachilla, sometimes the nectaries
are little developed, never quite absent. Petiole (or rachis) and rachillae
usually produced into a caducous or persistent mucro. Leaflets opposite,
as a rule markedly unequal-sided. Flowers on simple or branched racemes,
monoecious or dioecious. Calyx variable in shape, margin nearly entire
to lobed or deeply split. Corolla tubular in the lower part, lobed. Stamens
numerous, monadelphous. Anthers small; thecae containing 4 massulae
of 16 pollen grains each. Ovaries more than one; style often longer than
the filaments; stigma either inconspicuous or small, knob-shaped. Pods
more or less fleshy, valves thick-walled, contorted, dehiscent, often con-
stricted between seeds, as a rule brightly coloured. Seeds usually numerous,
ovoid or ellipsoid, not or little compressed, black and as a rule with a
whitish bloom, up to the size of a walnut. Aril absent.
TYPE SPECIES.—Archidendron vaillantii (F. Muell.) F. Muell.
LOCAL NAMES.—SE Central New Guinea: bawbata (Manki tribe),
wishiga (Nauti tribe).
DISTRIBUTION.—New Guinea (centre of speciation), Moluccas, North
Queensland, Solomon Islands, Bismarck Islands, Louisiade Archipelago.
72 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2
ECONOMIC USE.—The bark is burnt to make a substitute for lime,
chewed with areca nut (fide Blackwood in Proc. sixth Pacific Sci. Congr.
4: 120. 1940).
KEY TO THE TAXA IN ARCHIDENDBON
1. Corolla wholly or partly tomentose or puberulous.
2. Corolla puberulous.
3- Raceme simple.
4. Raceme 3—6 cm long. Lower surface of leaflets sparsely rusty pubescent.
20. A. megapkyllum
4. Raceme about 35 cm long, filiform. Lower surface of leaflets (except the midrib)
entirely glabrous 15, A. glabrum
3. Raceme compound, thick. Leaflets subcoriaceous, glossy, reticulate. . 4. A.bellum
2. Corolla wholly or partly tomentose.
5. Corolla glabrescent on the tube and on the lobes densely velvety tomentose. Raceme
branching 8.-4. calliandrum
5. Corolla wholly tomentose. Raceme simple or branching.
6. Ovaries tomentose or pubescent. Raceme stout. Corolla 1—3 cm long.
7. Calyx appressed puberulous to tomentose.
8. Leaflets narrowly oblong. Stamens about 1.5 cm long. Axis of the raceme
glandular-puberulous. Flowers yellow or orange 24. A. oblongum
8. Leaflets broadly ovate, very unequal-sided. Stamens about 6 cm long. Axis
of the raceme puberulous 31. A.vaillantii
7. Calyx glabrous 14. A. forbesii
6. Ovaries glabrous. Raceme slender, pendent, about 25 cm long. Corolla 6—7 mm
long 11. A. dies-Ckristi
1. Corolla glabrous or nearly so (with a few solitary hairs).
,9. Raceme simple.
10. Leaflets softly and sparsely pubescent on both surfaces. Petiolules golden hirsute.
Corolla about 11mm long 21. A. molly
10. Leaflets glabrous or on the lower surface sparsely softly puberulous. Petiolules
glabrous or appressed puberulous.
11. Raceme glabrous, not over 5 cm long. Corolla more than 2 cm long.
12. Leaves 1-jugate. Corolla papery, 2.5 cm long1 9. A.calycinum
12. Leaves 1-jugate. Corolla fleshy, 1.8 cm long 25. A. pachycarpum
12. Leaves 3—4-jugate. Corolla fleshy, a t least 4 c m long. . . . 3 . A.beguinii
11. Raceme puberulous to glabrescent, up to more than 15 cm long. Corolla less
than 2 cm long.
13. Leaves 2-jugate; leaflets in 2—5 pairs. Stamens not more than 2.5 cm long.
14. Pedicels very short, 1—2 mm long. Foliar glands depressed, very small. Calyx
broadly cupular, 3.5—4.5 mm long. Ovaries about 4. . . 17. A.incurvaiwm
14. Pedicels slender, 4—5 mm long. Foliar glands well developed, raised. Calyx
truncate a t base, 7—8 m m long. Ovaries 11—8. . . . 12. A . effeminatum
13. Leaves 1-jugate; leaflets in 3—6 pairs. Stamens up to 4(—5) cm long.
15. Calyx minutely puberulous to glabrous. Pedicels not over 2 mm long. Raceme
up to 15 cm long 2. A. (intense
15. Calyx glabrous or with few solitary hairs. Pedicels 2—8 mm long. Raceme
up to 7 cm long.
1952] DE WlT: Revision of Archidendron 73
16. Stipules persistent. Foliar glands small, not raised.
17. Styles short. Pods in upper part with 5 mm thick septs, cylindrical. Seeds
glossy brown. Stipules 1 cm long. Leaflets lanceolate. . 25. A. pachycarpum
17. Styles long. Stipules 2.5—3.5 cm long. Leaflets oblong to lanceolate.
18. A. ledermannii
16. Stipules caducous. Styles exceeding or equalling the stamens. Pods not
septate, lobed. Seeds black.
18. Leaflets ovate to obovate; base not acute. Foliar glands strongly raised.
19. Raceme up to 2.5 cm long:. Corolla C—8-lobed, 15—17 mm long. Calyx
distinctly 6-lobed, 5 mm long 23. A. nervosum
19. Raceme about 4 em long. Corolla 4—5-lobed, 17—10 mm long. Calyx
5-lobed, about 2 mm long 26a. A. parviflorum var. longipes
IS. Leaflets lanceolate to more or less ovate, base narrow, usually acute. Foliar
glands small depressed, at any rate not conspicuous. Corolla 4—5-lobed.
Calyx vaguely 4—5-lobed.
20. Raceme 1.5—2.5 cm long. Pedicels 2—4 mm long. Calyx more or less cupul-
ar. Leaflets long acuminate 7. A. brevipes
20. Raceme 3—6 cm long. Pedicels up to 7 mm long. Calyx very broadly cupular.
Leaflets vaguely acuminate 6. A. brevicalyx
9. Raceme compound.
21. Leaflets on the upper surface softly pubescent. Petiolules densely golden hirsute.
21. A.molle
21. Leaflets glabrous on the upper surface, possibly the midrib side-nerves partly
appressed minutely puberulous.
22. Six leaflets to a leaf, rarely two additional spurious leaflets. 30. A. trifoliolatum
22. Twelve leaflets to a leaf, very rarely eight.
23. Leaflets sessile. Calyx papery, 14—20 mm long. Raceme up to 1 cm long.
27. A. sessile
23. Leaflets distinctly petioluled. Calyx if more or less papery very short, other-
wise not papery. Raceme up to more than 30 em long.
24, Pedicel, calyx (and corolla) puberulous or with sparse hairs. Axis of inflores-
cence shortly puberulous.
25. Leaf-rachis, raehillae, petiolules, and lower surface of midrib pubescent.
Raceme 2.5—8 cm long. Pod about 5 cm long. . . . 5.-4. brackycarpum
25. Leaves glabrous. Raceme 10—25 cm long.
26. Flowers 2—4 together in nearly sessile umbels along a slender, puberulous
axis 13. A. fallax
26. Flowers 2—4 together on 1—2,5 cm long peduncles. . 22. A. mucronatum
24. Calyx and corolla quite glabrous,
27. Calyx 1.5—2 cm long.
28. Raceme about 15 cm long. Stamens about 5 cm long. Base of leaflets narrow,
surfaces reticulate, coriaceous A. A. bellum
28. Raceme up to 2 cm long. Stamens 6.5—7.5 cm long. Base of leaflets broad,
surfaces not markedly reticulate, chartaceous 3. A.beguinii
27, Calyx up to 1 em long.
29. Leaves 1-jugate. Petiole and rachillae more or less puberulous, not quite
glabrous; raehillae grooved (at least in upper part).
30. Leaflets 2—3 pairs 1. A.affine
R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2
30. Leaflets 4—6 pairs.
31. Foliar glands strongly raised. Calyx about 2 mm long. Pedicels about
5 mm long. Corolla up to 9mm long; stamens 18—20mm long. Raceme
glabrous or nearly so 26- A. parviflorum
31, Foliar glands small, not or scarcely raised. Calyx 3—5 mm long. Pedicels
2—5 mm long. Corolla 10—13 mm long; stamens 25—35 mm long. Raceme
green-yellow, pubescent 7. A. brevipes
29. Leaves 2- or more-jugate.
32. Foliar glands strongly raised, saucer- or cup-shaped. Corollar tube free
or adherent to the stamina! tube.
33. Calyx about 1 cm long. Inflorescence up to 30 cm long. Leaflets 6.5—9.5
cm wide, chartaceous, Pods (when dry) golden green. Seeds compressed,
in orbicular lobes, or disc-shaped 10. A. chrysocarpum
33. Calyx about 5 mm long.
34. Inflorescence up to 8 cm long. Leaflets 3—4 cm wide, coriaceous, on the
lower surface with small solitary scales 16. A. gogolense
34. Inflorescence up to over 50 cm long. Leaflets chartaceous. Pods (when
dry) black 19a. A.lucyi var. schlechterii
32. Foliar glands flat, not or scarcely raised. Staminal tube partly adherent
to the corollar tube.
35. Inflorescence up to about 30 cm long with up to 2.5 cm long side-branches.
Stamens 3.5—4.5 cm long. Leaflets broad, about 10 cm wide. Petiole plus
rachis about 60 cm long 19. A. htcyi
35. Inflorescence up to about 10 cm long, side-branches not over 4 mm long.
Stamens about 3,5—6 cm long. Leaflets narrow, not over 6 cm wide.
Petiole plus rachis up to 30 cm long. Calyx 7—8 mm long.
orolla papery
coherent bundStamens about 3.5 cm long, upper part in 5 coherent bundles. Ovaries
about 5 28. A.sogerense
36. Leaflets 3—5 pairs; top more or less acuminate. Corolla not papery
when dry, thickish. Stamens 5—6 cm long, monadelphous. Ovaries about
8. 29. A. solomonen.se
1. Archidendron affine De Wit, sp. nov.
Maxime affine generi Pithecellobio. Foliis 1-jugatis, foliolis 2—3-
jugatis, anguste ovatis vel late lanceolatis, basi et apice acutis, inflores-
centiis delicate ramosis, glabris, pedicellis circa 7 mm longis, corollis
3,5 mm longis, ovariis 2 {quoad flores femineos) distinctum. Foliorum
glandulae inconspicuae, obsoletae.
Leaves 1-jugate; petiole 6—8.5 cm long, terete, minutely puberulous,
soon glabrous, mucro nearly absent; rachilla slender, 8—15cm long, in
the upper part shallowly grooved, finely puberulous; leaflets 2—3 pairs,
narrowly ovate to broadly lanceolate, unequal-sided, 8—13.5(—24) cm long
and 15—4.5(—7.5) cm wide, sparsely minutely puberulous on the lower
surface (slightly denser so on the nerves) or locally glabrescent, base
acute, top slender, tapering, sometimes subacuminate; petiolules about
3 mm long; glands absent except for a minute glandlet between the upper-
1952] DE W I T : Revision of Arckidendron 75
most petiolules and, sometimes, a similar halfaborted glandlet between the
lower petiolules. Stipules early caducous, not seen.
Inflorescence branched, up to 17 cm long; axis slender, glabrous;
branches slender, about 1 cm long, bearing small, umbellately arranged
clusters of 4—6 flowers. Bracts minute. Pedicels capillary, about 7 mm
long; calyx about 2mm long, erose-truncate, glabrous, cupular; corolla
3.5mm long (lobes l m m long), corollar tube free from the very short
staminal tube. Stamens (in young flowers) shortly exserted. Ovaries 2,
about 7-ovulate. Pods slender, over the seeds 15 mm wide, deeply constrict-
ed between.
TYPE.—Kostermans 601; Herb. Lugd. Bat., holotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—Moluccas: Morotai (Totodoku).
ECOLOGY.—A tree, 4 m tall.
Archidendron affine is most suggestive of Pithecellobium and is
closely related to that genus. The presence of two ovaries, however, is to
be taken as decisive. The foliar glands are here reduced to a minimum.
The male flowers (Kostermans 616) have a single abortive ovary and
seem for that reason to belong to Pithecellobium.
2. ARCHIDENDRON ARUENSE (Warb.) De Wit
Hansemannia aruensis Warburg in Bot. Jb. 13: 1891; "H.arvensis Warb." in
J u s t ' s bot. Jber. 19 (2): 141, 500. 1891 (misspelt). — Arckidendron aruense (Warb.)
De Wit in Bull. bot. Gdns Buitenz. I l l 17: 261. 1942.
Archidendron racemosum Pulle in Nova Guinea 8: 370. 1910.
Archidendron laxiflormn Kanehira & Hatusima in Bot. Mag., Tokyo 56: 355
fig.l. 1942.
Leaves 1-jugate; petiole about 15 em long, mucronate; rachillae
12—17 cm long, grooved, mucronate, minutely puberulous to glabrous;
leaflets 3—5 accrescent pairs, first pair often a single leaflet, lanceolate
to (ob) ovate, unequal-sided, up to 25 cm long and 4—8(—15) cm wide,
glabrous, or sometimes on the lower surface on the nerves a minute,
sparse puberulousness, top (long) acuminate to caudate or cuspidate;
glands on top of petiole and between petiolules small, nearly level, not
sharp-rimmed. Stipules 1.5—2 cm long, lanceolate-falcate, tardily cadu-
cous.
Raceme simple, up to 18 cm long, minutely puberulous, sturdy. Bracts
1 mm long, ovate; bracteoles reflexed, linear, 4 mm long, persistent, often
changing into nectaries. Pedicels short, up to 2 mm long; calyx 5—6mm
long, minutely puberulous to glabrous, cupular, erose or twice shallowly
and twice deeply cut; corolla about 13 mm long (lobes about 7 mm), corollar
tube near the base shortly adnate to the staminal tube. Stamens 4.5—5 cm
long (partly connate). Ovaries 4—8; style about 4cm long; stigma small,
knob-shaped. Pods about 10 cm long, 1.5 cm wide over the seeds, and
76 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2
constricted between, 1—3 from a single flower; seeds black, ellipsoid,
13 mm long.
TYPE.—Warburg 20323; Wroclaw Herb., lectotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—Moluccas: Aru Islands [Wokam, Trangan (Lutor),
Giabu-lengan]. New Guinea: South-West: Poelau Faoer; South: Fak-
Fak; North-West: Geelvink Bay (Nabire, Patema, Momi).
ECOLOGY.—A shrub or small tree (or "half climber," fide Koster-
mans), 3—8 m tall, from sea-level to medium altitude, in dense rain-
forests, also on stony hills; myrmecophilous. Flowers throughout the year
from old wood, white or yellowish green. Fruit orange-red.
Warburg collected the type in 1889 on the Aru Islands. The holotype
was lost at Berlin and I appointed therefore the isotype at Wroclaw, a
female specimen containing four ovarial remnants in the flower, as the
lectotype. I previously reduced (De Wit in Bull. bot. Gdns Buitenz. Ill 17:
262. 1942) A. racemosum to A. aruense without having seen the type of A.
aruense because the data available in literature furnished no argument
to maintain A. racemosum as a distinct species. The type material from
Wroclaw confirmed my decision.
0. Beccari collected April 11, 1872, a hermaphrodite specimen in
flower and in fruit (Herb. Florence) on Poelau Faoer (Rijklof van Goens-
baai [Teloek Sebakor], opposite South-West New Guinea; Piante Papuane
no. 38). The flowers are somewhat larger than in the type and the calyx
is truncate-erose and minutely puberulous, not glabrous and lobed as in
the type. The fine set of specimens gathered by Beccari (Herb. Florence)
satisfied me as to the constancy of the one-jugate leaf at least in one
species. It also demonstrated that within the limits of a single species
the calyx may vary from deeply dentate to truncate and entire, the corollar
lobes may number from five to eight, the calyx and the nerves of the
leaflets may be glabrous or minutely puberulous, the axis of the inflores-
cence may be puberulous or glabrous, and that all these characters may
occur in various combinations. Stable characters proved to be the presence
and shape of an acumen to the leaflet, a grooved rachilla, the appearance
of the foliar glands and the bracteoles, the arrangement of the flowers
on the axis, and its being simple. I am under the impression that the
characters of the fruit are also stable but much more material is needed
before this can be proved.
The first specimen of Archidendron collected for scientific purposes
was secured by A. Zipelius (Triton Exp., 1828, Herb. Lugd. Bat.) but,
being a leaf only, not recognized as an, at the time, undescribed Mimosa-
ceous genus. It belongs to A. aruense.
1952] DE W I T : Revision of Archidendron 77
• 3. ARCHIDENDRON BEGUINII De Wit
Archidendron beguinii De Wit in Bull. bot. Gdns Buitenz. I l l 17: 262, 263. 1942.
Leaves 3—4 jugate; petiole plus rachis 80—85 cm long; rachillae in
the third jugum up to 50 cm long; leaflets 3, 4—6, and 5 pairs, broadly
ovate to ellipsoid, more or less unequal-sided, 12.5—17.5 cm long and
8—10.5 cm wide, glabrous, base rotundate, oblique, top bluntly and shortly
acuminate; petiolules 4—6.5 mm long. Stipules early caducous.
Racemes simple or with very short branches; peduncle glabrous, stout,
up to 2cm long; flowers crowded near the top. Bracts minute, caducous.
Pedicels nearly absent; calyx about 2 cm long, tubular-infundibuliform,
irregularly dentate, glabrous; corolla 40—45mm long (lobes recurved,
more or less fleshy). Stamens 6.5—7.5 cm long. Ovaries 3; style as long
as the filaments; stigma inconspicuous. Pods coiling into nearly 2 com-
pleted rings, about 24 cm long and 3 cm wide over the seeds, shallowly
constricted between; seeds up to 11, dark blackish blue, with a white bloom.
TYPE.—Beguin 2263; Herb. Bogoriense, holotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—Moluccas: Halmahera (West Pitu); Ternate.
ECOLOGY.—A low, 2m tall "tree"; bark grey, not peeling. In forest
at about 80 m altitude, rare; also cultivated by the local people.
LOCAL NAME.—Bere-berete (Halmahera).
The type specimen was collected by V. M. A. Beguin in Halmahera.
The Ternate specimen was found by W. H. de Vriese on his trip to the
Moluccas with Teysmann in 1860.
4. ARCHIDENDRON BELLUM Harms
Archidendron bellum Harms in Bot. J b . 55: 40. 1917.
Leaves ?-jugate; petiole ? cm long; rachillae about 35cm long;
leaflets 3—4 pairs, elliptic, subcoriaceous, about 25 cm long and 7—8 cm
wide, glabrous, glossy, reticulate on both surfaces, base narrowed, cuneate-
acute, top gradually tapering, more or less short, blunt-acuminate; peti-
olules about 3 mm long; glands not raised.
Raceme compound, stout, glabrous, about 15 cm long; branches simple,
carrying the flowers aggregate on top. Bracts unknown. Pedicels 2—5 mm
long; calyx about 1.5cm long, tubular-infundibuliform, broadly dentate;
corolla 3—3.5 cm long (lobes about 1.5 cm), at first minutely puberulous,
soon glabrous. Stamens about 5 cm long, more than half connate. Ovaries
2—3.
TYPE.—Schlechter 16754; Paris Herb., lectotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—North-East New Guinea: Kani Mountains.
ECOLOGY.—Forest; flowering in November, a small tree at about
700 m altitude.
The holotype was lost at Berlin-Dahlem. A good isotype is preserved
at Paris and is appointed to replace the holotype.
In the Florence Herbarium is a specimen of O. Beccari's Piante
Papuane, collected at Andai (Sept. 1872), which probably belongs here;
78 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2
it consists of one leaf only. This leaf has two juga, of" which the upper
conforms to A. helium, and the lower has two leaflets on top of a 2.5 cm
long rachilla.
5. ARCHIDENDRON BRACHYCARPUM Harms
Archhlewiron brachycarpum Harms in Notizbl. bot. Gart, Berlin-Dahl. 10: 273.
1928.
Leaves 1-jugate (?); petiole about 15 cm long; rachillae about 15 cm
long; leaflets 3—5 pairs, more or less ovate, acuminate, 10—15 cm long
and 4—8 cm wide; rachis, rachilla, petiolules, and lower surface of midrib
pubescent; glands strongly raised, saucer-shaped, sharp-rimmed.
Raceme compound, 2—8 cm long, slightly hairy, rather slender.
Pedicels 2 mm long; calyx 3—4 mm long, nearly glabrous; corolla about
13 mm long (lobes about 5 mm), nearly glabrous. Stamens about 3 cm long,
partly connate, tube somewhat adherent to the corolla. Ovaries 3. Pod
bright red, about 5 cm long, 2—4 em broad, very thick; seeds as a rule 2.
TYPE.—(Peekel 989.) Lauterbach 456; Wroclaw Herb., neotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—New Guinea: Gogol district, Bumi mouth. Bismarck
Archipelago: New Ireland (Neu-Mecklenburg), at Lamekot, Lakurafanga.
ECOLOGY.—Coastal plain, sandy soil; small tree 5 m tall; flowers
white; flowers and fruits May—July. Myrmecophilous.
Harms observed (original description) a pulvinate disc in the male
flower and a tubular disc round the ovaries in the female flower. The
species has apparently dioecious flowers.
The holotype was lost at Berlin-Dahlem. A neotype had to be selected
when material came at hand; I appoint Lauterbach 456. Lauterbach noted
that it was a myrmecophilous, 5 m tall tree, with white flowers.
Harms discussed both a male and a female specimen but quoted only
one specimen (or collector's number). This leads to the assumption that
Harms found male and female flowers on a single plant. I found in the
neotype male and female flowers in one specimen, the male ones having
three reduced ovarial remnants and a tubular disc around them and the
male ones four swollen and three reduced ovaries; the swollen, apparently
not fertile, ovaries were present as a result of some insect stimulus, it
seemed.
The pedicel in the neotype is very sparsely short hairy, with short,
patent, fine hairs, the calyx similarly provided but glabrescent. The corolla
was glabrous.
Brass 5215 (oak forest, substage, alt. 1250 m., Mafulu, Central Div.,
Papua) may also belong here. The leaflets are sparsely pubescent on the
lower surface and in seven pairs.
1952] DE W I T : Revision of Archidendron 79
6. ARCHIDENDRON BREVICALYX H a r m s
Archideiulrou brevicalyx Harms in Bot. Jb. 55: 41. 1917; De Wit in Bull. bot.
Gdns Buitenz. I l l 17: 263. 1942.
Leaves 1-jugate; petiole ? cm long; rachillae ? cm long; leaflets 5—6
pairs, lanceolate-oblong, unequal-sided, 13—20 cm long and 5—7 cm wide,
glabrous, base acute or obtuse, top acuminate; petiolules rather long,
4—7 mm. Stipules unknown.
Raceme simple, about 3—6 cm long, very shortly puberulous. Bracts
lanceolate, acuminate, 1—3 mm long. Pedicels 3—7 mm long, glabrous;
calyx 3—4mm long, very broadly cupular, glabrous or nearly so; corolla
about 1.5 cm long, glabrous. Stamens about 4 cm long, connate in lower
part.
TYPE.—Schlechter 17558.
DISTRIBUTION.—South-East New Guinea: Djamu River.
ECOLOGY.—Forest near river. Flowering in April.
Although I expressed doubts (De Wit, I.e.) as to whether A. brevicalyx
were to be kept separate from A. incurvatum, I now hold that it is a good
species, distinguished not by the length of the calyx but by its shape
(width) and by a number of characters in the leaves and flowers.
I have not seen any authorized specimen belonging to A. brevicalyx;
the holotype was destroyed at Berlin,
I think Lauterbach 911 (North-East New Guinea, Gogol River, lower
reaches; in forest) belongs here, though the flowers are rather small
(calyx 2—2.5 mm, corolla 12—14 mm long).
7. ARCHIDENDRON BREVIPES (K. Schum.) De Wit
Hansemannia brevipes K. Schumann, Fl. Kaiser Wilhelmsland 103. 1889; K.
Schum. & Laut., Fl, deut. SehGeb. Siidsee 343 pi. 9. 1901; "Hausemannia brevipes
F. Muell." in Index kew. Suppl. 1: 16. 1906 (misspelt). — Albizzia brevipes (K.
Schum.) F. von Mueller in Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales II 5: 20. 1890. — Archidendron
brevipes (K. Schum.) De Wit in Bull. bot. Gdns Buitenz. I l l 17: 263. 1942.
Hansemannia gawadensis Baker 1. in J. of Bot. 61 (Suppl.): IS. 1923; Harms
in Notizbl. bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahl. 10: 275. 1928. — Archidendron gawadense (Baker f.)
De Wit in Bull. bot. Gdns Buitenz. I l l 17: 266. 1942; Merr. & Perry in J. Arn, Arb.
23: 392. 1942.
Leaves 1-jugate; petiole 20—30cm long, furcate; rachillae 30—50
cm long, furcate; leaflets 5 pairs (or with one leaflet of a 6th pair), lance-
olate to ovate, long acuminate, up to 20 cm long, up to 7 cm wide, unequal-
sided; rachilla, petiolules, and lower surface of the nerves minutely (grey)
sparsely papillose-puberulous; glands small, inconspicuous, not or scarcely
raised. Stipules unknown.
Raceme compound, 1.5—2.5 cm long, green-yellow pubescent. Bracts
deflexed, as a rule changing into glands. Pedicels 3—5 mm long, slender;
SO R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2
calyx 3—5 mm long, campanulate-cupular; corolla 10—13 mm long, gla-
brous. Stamens 2.5—3.5 cm long, connate in lower half. Ovaries 3—5 ; style
slightly exceeding the stamens. Pods about 30 cm long, 5 cm wide, thick-
valved, not septate; seeds about 10, 4—5 cm long and 2.5 cm broad, appar-
ently not compressed, glossy black.
TYPE.—Hollrung 763; Wroclaw Herb., holotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—East New Guinea: Mountain ridges near 2nd Au-
gusta Camp; Palmer River (3km below Black River junction).
ECOLOGY.—Myrmecophilous. A small tree, flowers white. Brass found
it at Palmer River, in the undergrowth of river flood plain forest; a small
tree, 5 m tall, leaves on upper 2 m of stem, scattered, flowers white.
8. Archidendron calliandrum De Wit, sp. nov.
Ex affinitate A. belli tamen foliolis latioribus conspicue amoninatis,
inflorescentia breviore, calyce minore, lobis velutinis corollae distincta.
Leaves glabrous, 2-jugate; rachillae stout, terete, with or without
a tiny gland between the pairs of petiolules, 25 cm long, glabrous or very
nearly so, more or less produced into a mucro; leaflets 3 pairs, the lower
much the smaller and very unequal, slightly unequal-sided, coriaceous,
pallid-olive(-brown) when dry, elliptic or obovate, up to 26 cm long and
12.5 cm wide, reticulate, glossy, base rounded to acute, top broadly rounded
with a sharp, short acumen, midrib flat-rounded, raised on both surfaces,
on the lower with minute, sparse puberulous hairs like the nerves but
soon glabreacent; petiolules sturdy, glabrous, 6 mm long.
Inflorescence along the stem, a sparingly branched, open, thinly rusty
puberulous, 8—9 cm long panicle, somewhat glandular; flowers few,
scattered, on 3—4mm long, puberulous pedicels; calyx erose-dentate,
cylindrical to subcampanulate, puberulous, 9 mm long; corolla 2.5 cm long,
rather fleshy, glabrous on the tube but towards the lobes and the top
of the lobes gradually more densely puberulous, finally tawny velvety
tomentose, tube free from the calyx, lobes 5, acute, about 6 mm long.
Stamens 5—7 cm long, one third connate. Ovaries (3—)4, glabrous; styles
more or less equalling the stamens. Pods 30—50 cm long, 6 cm wide, 3.5—
4 cm thick, sutures strongly striate, twisted and undulate near the apex,
apparently not constricted between the seeds, about 10-seeded; seeds irreg-
ularly globular, about 3 cm through.
TYPE.—Bauerlen 608; Melbourne Herb., holotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—New Guinea (Papua): Fly River.
W. Bauerlen collected the type in October 1885; the tree was about
10 m tall, the flowers were found lying on the ground. The tree is said
to be of singular beauty. L. J. Brass collected a specimen in fruit (no.
6665) at Fly River (May 1936), 528 mile Camp, a single example found
in ridge forest substage, altitude 80 m. A single pendent fruit (unripe)
on the lower trunk of a slender, erect, sparsely foliaged tree, 12 m tall.
1952] DE W I T : Revision of Archidcndrov 81
9. AECHIDENDRON CALYCINUM Pulle
Archkletidron calycinum Pulle in Nova Guinea 8: 370. 1910.
Leaves 1-jugate; petiole about 12cm long; rachillae about 14cm
long; petiole and rachillae grooved; leaflets 2 pairs, ovate-oblong, sessile,
about 15—20 cm long and 8—9 cm wide, glabrous, pallid yellow-green
when dry, base broadly acute, top abruptly caudate-acuminate; glands
near base and on top of petiole, and between leaflets very strongly devel-
oped. Stipules early caducous.
Raceme very short, up to 5 mm long, glabrous, simple. Bracts linear,
papery, about 2 mm long. Pedicels about 3 mm long; calyx campanulate,
much widening towards the mouth, 1.7—2 cm long, glabrous; corolla about
2.5 cm long, papery, glabrous. Stamens not known fully developed. Ovaries
3.
TYPE.—Versteeg 1702; Utrecht Herb., holotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—Netherlands New Guinea: Noord River, on top of
Mount Resi.
ECOLOGY.—Shrub or small tree, occurring at 800 m altitude, flowering
in September; the rachillae are provided with 2.5 cm long, probably early
caducous, flagelliform tips. Dried leaves very pallid and by their appear-
ance suggestive of A. sessile.
10. AECHIDENDKON CHRYSOCARPUM K. Schum. & Laut.
Archidendron chrysocarpum Lauterbach & K. Schumann apud K. Schum. & Laut.
Fl. deut. SchGeb. Siidsee 344. 1901.
Leaves 4-jugate; petiole up to 20cm long, glabrous; rachillae up to
8 cm long, glabrous; leaflets 3—5 pairs, ovate to oblong, more or less
unequal-sided, 12—20 cm long and 6.5—9.5 cm wide, glabrous, base
rounded to broadly acute, top vaguely and broadly acuminate; glands
between leaflets strongly developed.
Raceme sturdy, sparingly branched, glabrous. Bracts usually changing
into glands. Pedicels 3—4 mm long; calyx about lcm long, campanulate,
glabrous, dentate; corolla 2.5—3.5 cm long, glabrous. Stamens 6 cm long.
Ovaries 7. Pods up to 8 cm long, between seeds often deeply constricted,
glabrous, the seeds in orbicular lobes 2 cm in diameter, golden green
when dry, inside red; seeds disc-shaped, 2—3, 1.5cm through, black.
TYPE.—Lauterbach 2869; Kew Herb., lectotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—North-East New Guinea: Nuru River, Sepik region.
ECOLOGY.—At 300 m altitude in tall forest, a tree, flowers and fruits
in September. The inflorescences become finally very sturdy; the bracts
often change into nectaries. The flowers are fragrant.
11. Archidendron dies-Christi De Wit, sp. nov.
Species haec nova, A. dies-Christi, primum collecta est die natali
Christi. Ex affinitate earn iudico A. glabri tamen differt nereis puberulis
foliolorum utraque facie, longitudine racemorum, calyce subdentato, corolla
82 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2
non zonata dense tomentosa, staminibus possibiliter semper paulo exsertis,
ovariis duobus.
Leaves 2-(or more ?)jugate; petiole and about 20 cm long rachillae
nearly terete (in the male plant slightly grooved), densely minutely puber-
ulous (male plant somewhat more densely so), carrying thick-walled,
nipple-shaped, raised glands which open by a narrow pore; leaflets 4 pairs,
(narrowly) ovate, caudate, unequal-sided, glabrous but on either surface
of the midrib and side-nerves minutely puberulous, more densely so on
the upper surface, 12—18 cm long (including the 2 cm long acumen) and
5—7 cm wide; petiolules sturdy, glabrous, 4 mm long.
Raceme simple, pendent, slender, about 25 cm long, like the filiform,
2.5 cm long pedicels glandular-puberulous. Bracts early caducous, minute,
acute. Calyx glandular-puberulous, 3 mm long, triangular-cupular (base
narrow), very shallowly dentate; corolla rather fleshy, on the outside
densely tomentose, 6—7 mm long. Stamens in the male plant possibly never
exserted, ovarial remnants 2—4; stamens in the female plant similar but
though containing pollen-like grains apparently sterile. Ovaries 2, 12-
ovuled.
TYPE.—Carr 14014, male specimen; Herb. British Museum, holotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—New Guinea (Papua): Lala River.
ECOLOGY.—Carr noted that the female plant (Carr 15690) was a
10 m tall tree in the forest, the male plant a shrub in the forest (Carr
14014); both were secured at about 1500—1600 m altitude in the Lala
River basin. The male plant flowered December 25, the female plant
February 21.
Anhidendron glabrum, a close ally, occurs at low altitudes.
12. ARCHIDENDRON EFFEMINATUM De Wit
Arckideudron effeminatum De Wit in Bull. bot. Gdns Buitenz. Ill 17: 265. 1942.
Leaves 2-jugate; petiole about 10 cm long; rachis about 10cm long;
rachillae about 20 cm long; leaflets 2—4 pairs, (very broadly) ovate, often
unequal-sided, glabrous, 9—18 cm long and 4—9 cm wide, base broad, top
blunt or acute, vaguely acuminate; glands well developed between juga
and leaflets.
Raceme simple, 2—7 cm long, stout, not quite glabrous. Bracts de-
flexed, linear, 3—6 mm long. Pedicels 4—5 mm long, glabrous; calj'x 7—8
mm long, glabrous; corolla 15—18mm long, glabrous. Stamens about
2.2 cm long, shortly exserted. Ovaries 11 (sometimes 10, rarely 8), gla-
brous.
TYPE.—Rutten 2119; Herb. Bogoriense, holotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—Moluccas: Ceram, basin of western Nief River in
eastern Ceram.
ECOLOGY.—A 10 m tall tree, at 1—100 m altitude; flowers white, in
April.
1952] DE W I T : Revision of Archidendron 83
13. ARCHIDENDRON FALLAX H a r m s
Archidciidron fallax Harms in Notizbl. bot. Gait. Berlin-Dahl. 10: 274. 1928.
Leaves 3-jugate; petiole (plus rachis) up to 40 cm long; rachillae
8—15cm long, glabrous; leaflets 2—4 pairs, ovate to (lanceolate-)oblong,
more or less unequal-sided, 10—15 cm long and 6—7.5 cm wide, glabrous,
base acute to rotundate, top slightly acuminate.
Raceme compound, length of the slender axis unknown, with many
nearly sessile umbels of 2—4 flowers. Pedicels 4—5 mm long; calyx 4—5
mm long, cupular-tubular, shallowly lobed, very shortly puberulous;
corolla 23—25 mm long, nearly glabrous. Length of stamens unknown,
the tube long adherent to the corolla, basal disc shortly tubular. Ovaries
2—3.
TYPE.—Peekel 988.
DISTRIBUTION.—Bismarck Archipelago: New Ireland (Neu-Mecklen-
burg), Lamekot.
ECOLOGY.—A small tree, 8 m tall on the slope to Panamangaf, in
primary forest, flowers white, in May.
Allied to A. peekelii which has larger flowers on longer peduncles.
A fruiting specimen in the Melbourne Herbarium (SE New Guinea, Rev.
J. Chalmers, anno 1878) agrees rather well with the above description. In
this specimen the midrib is on the lower surface shortly tomentellous, the
slender rachillae have strongly raised glands; the inflorescence (in fruiting
stage) is about 25 cm long, the much constricted pods are twice looped,
minutely tomentellous, 2 cm across the seeds, eight-seeded. See further
"Species excludendae vel imperfecte notae" under A. kubaryanum.
14. ARCHIDENDRON FORBESII Baker f.
Archidendron forbesii Baker f. in J. of Bot. 61 (Suppl.) : 12. 1923.
Leaves 2-jugate; petiole ? cm long; rachillae about 20 cm long, minute-
ly puberulous to glabrescent; leaflets 4 pairs (the first pair a single
leaflet), oblong or ovate-oblong, unequal-sided, shining on either surface,
reticulate, glabrous except for the sparsely minutely puberulous midrib
on the lower surface, 10—15 cm long and 4—7 cm wide, base acute, top
gradually tapering into a broad acumen, glands strongly raised.
Raceme with strong, 3—5 cm long branches, 8—12 cm long, minutely
puberulous to glabrescent. Bracts not seen. Buds globular, 7 mm through.
Pedicels about 5mm long, glabrous, stout; calyx 12—14mm long, broadly
campanulate, glabrous, erose-lobed; corolla 2.2—3 cm long, densely short
tomentose, rather fleshy. Stamens about 4 cm long. Ovaries about 5, pu-
bescent.
TYPE.—Forbes 395; Kew Herb., holotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—New Guinea (Papua): Sogere.
Baker described the leaflets as alternate but the type proved them
to be opposite.
84 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2
15. ARCHIDENDRON GLABRUM (K. Schum.) Laut. & Schum.
Hansetnannia gluhra K. Schumann in Bot. Jb. 9: 201. 1888; Taubert in Engl.
& Pr, Nat. PflFam. 3: 3. Abt.: 102 fig. 59C. 1891; "Hansemmmia glabra K. Schom."
in Ind. kew. Suppl. 1: 16. 1906 (misspelt). — Archidendron glabrum (K. Schum.)
Lauteibach & K. Schumann apud K. Schum. & L a u t , Fl. deut. SchGeb. Siidsee 343.
1901.
Albizzia "hausemannii" F. von Mueller in Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales II 5:
20. 1890 (also in Ind. kew. Suppl. 1: 16. 1906, both misspelt for A. hansemanni).
Leaves 2- (or more-) jugate; petiole unknown; rachillae slender, more
or less terete, about 20 cm long, minutely glandular-puberulous; leaflets
4 pairs, ovate to obovate, acuminate, more or less unequal-sided, glabrous
except for the basal part of the midrib on the lower surface which may be
minutely puberulous, 7—20 cm long and 4—8 cm wide; petiolules slender,
4 mm long; glands thick-walled, nipple-shaped, opening by a narrow pore.
Raceme simple, slender, about 35(—67!) cm long, like the filiform,
about 2.5 cm long, pedicels minutely glandular-puberulous; calyx cup-
shaped, minutely glandular-puberulous, dentate, 3 mm long; corolla deeply
split, each lobe with a longitudinal, central stripe, externally minutely
appressed puberulous, about 6 mm long. Stamens about 2 cm long, partly
connate. Ovaries 3—6, glabrous. Pods on slender stalks, about 8 cm long,
over the seeds 1.5 cm, between the seeds 3 mm wide, with a velvety sheen,
dull red.
TYPE.—Hollrung 130; Kew Herb., lectotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—North-East New Guinea (Morobe District: Boana).
ECOLOGY.—Small tree in the forest at 250—1500 m altitude.
Archidendron glabrum is closely allied to A. dies-Christi. It differs
in the minutely puberulous (not tomentose) corolla, the strongly dentate
calyx, the much longer inflorescence and the striped corolla, possibly also
in the pods. A male specimen (Clemens no. 10883, Morobe distr., Kajabit
Mission) had four to five rudimentary ovaries and racemes of up to 67 cm
long.
16. Archidendron gogplense (K. Schum. & Laut.) De Wit, comb. nov.
Hansemaimia gogolctisis Lauterbach & K. Schumann apud K. Schum. & Laut.,
Fl. deut. SchGeb. Siidsee 34S. 1901. — Archidendron gogolense De Wit in Bull. bot.
Gdns Buitenz. I l l 17: 266. 1942, num. prov.
Leaves glabrous, 3-jugate, petiole and rachis terete, pustulate by
many enlarged and raised lenticels, the petiole with a large gland near
the insertion, the rachillae between the leaflets with raised, disc-shaped
glands, mucronate; petiole about 50 cm long; rachillae about 40 cm;
leaflets 7 pairs (on the lower juga about 4 pairs), more or leas coriaceous,
glabrous, reticulate on both surfaces, 12—15 cm long and 3—4 cm wide,
narrowly ovate to lanceolate, vaguely acuminate; petiolules slender gla-
brous, about 6 mm long. Stipules early caducous.
1952] DE W I T : Revision 0/ Archidciidron 85
Inflorescences compound, slender, 3.5—4.5 cm long branches'inserted
along a somewhat sturdier, 6—8 cm long, main axis, entirely glabrous.
Bracts minute, ovate, acute. Calyx narrowly eampanulate, glabrous, about
5 mm long, margin more or less erose; corolla long and narrowly tubular,
16—20 mm long including the about 5 mm long lobes (tips incrassate,
?with nectaries), glabrous, tube entirely free from the stamina] tube.
Stamens up to 5 cm long. Ovaries (in male specimens) 1, apparently sterile,
a few mm long; style about 1 mm long; stigma absent.
TYPE.—Lauterbach 1093; Wroclaw Herb., lectotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—North-East New Guinea: Upper reaches of Gogol
River.
ECOLOGY.—A 15 m tall tree, flowering in November; flowers white.
Only a male specimen 13 known, found at 30 m altitude. On the lower
surface of the leaflets (and also on the rachillae) minute, purple scales
suggest the excretion of a resinous or waxy matter.
Owing to the unsatisfactory first publication, I reduced A. gogolense
to A. pachycarpum on a previous occasion (De Wit, I.e.). The isotypes of
both species (now appointed to lectotypes as the holotypes were destroyed
at Berlin), preserved in the Wroclaw Herbarium, were sent for exami-
nation and enabled me to correct my erroneous reduction.
17. ARCHIDENDRON INCUKVATUM K. Schum. & Laut.
ArchidfRdroil iyicitrvutum Lauterbach & K. Schumann apud K. Schum. & Laut.,
FI. deut. SchGeb. Siitisee 344. 1901.
Leaves 2-jugate; petiole about 12cm long, angular; rachillae about
30 cm long, shallowly grooved, angular, delicately puberulous, mucronate;
leaflets 3—-5 pairs, ovate to obovate or more or less oblong, 15—25 cm
long and 5—10 cm wide, glabrous, base acute or rounded, top acuminate;
glands depressed, very small. Stipules caducous.
Raceme short, 2—4.5 cm long, simple, pubsrulous (finally glabres-
cent), carrying flowers along the axis but mostly near the top. Bracts
deflexed, ovate-acute, persistent, 1—2 mm long. Pedicels very short, 1—2
mm long; calyx 3.5—4.5mm long, cupular (base narrow), glabrous or
very nearly so, very shallowly rounded-dentate; corolla with long trian-
gular lobes, wide, 1.2—1.4 cm long, glabrous. Stamens about 2.5 cm long;
tube not adherent to the corolla. Ovaries about 4. Pods glabrous, constrict-
ed between the seeds, up to 8 cm long, red outside, yellow inside, about
1.5 cm wide accros the seeds, more than 10-seeded, 1—4 from a single
flower; seeds greyish black, glossy, 1 cm long.
TYPE.—Lauterbach 2321; Kew Herb., lectotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—North-East New Guinea; Szigaun Plateau; Gogol
River (Oertzen Mountains).
ECOLOGY.—At 600 m altitude; apparently common in the Sepik region.
In my previous paper on Archidendron (De Wit in Bull. bot. Gdns
Buitenz. Ill 17: 267. 1942) I supposed that the axis of the inflorescence
86 RE I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2
would be slightly hairy. On examining the isotype at Kew I found the
fruit-bearing axis not quite glabrous and flowering specimens (Ledermann
6816) proved my surmise to be correct, as the flower-bearing axis was
densely puberulous; the latter bore male flowers containing two reduced
ovaries. A specimen (leaf only) preserved in the Wroclaw Herb. (Lauter-
bach 1080) is from Gogol River.
18. ARCHIDENDRON LEDERMANNII Harms
Archidendron ledermannii Harms in Bot. Jh. 55: 42, 1917.
Leaves glabrous, 1-jugate; rachillae more than 50cm long; petiole
about 20cm long, in upper part furrowed as are the rachillae; leaflets
4—5 pairs (lowest pair a single leaflet), oblong to lanceolate, acuminate,
up to 30 cm long, 4—5 cm wide; petiolule 7—10mm long; glands small,
not raised, inconspicuous. Stipules 2.5—3.5 cm long and 1.5 cm wide, more
or less falcate, persistent.
Raceme simple, 4—6 cm long, axis very shortly puberulous. Pedicels
glabrous, 2—4 mm long, equalling the glabrous calyx; corolla glabrous,
about 1.5 cm long, lobes about 7 mm long. Filaments at least 3.5 cm long.
TYPE.—(Ledermann 8197.) Brass 13822; Herb. Arnold Arboretum,
neotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—North-East New Guinea: Hunstein Spitze, Camp 5;
Netherlands New Guinea: Idenburg River (Bernhard Camp).
ECOLOGY.—The type was collected on a rocky riverside in primary
forest. The species was also noted to be frequent in rain forest on low-
lying, alluvial soils; a 2—3 m tall tree, bearing inflorescences on the lower
part of the stem (Brass 13882).
Ledermann stated that the flowers were white, pink-tipped, and the
fruit coralline; the seeds were black.
Archidendron ledermannii is closely allied to A. pachycarpum; it is
possible that after discovery of the fruits of either or both the two may
prove to be conspecific.
19. AKCHIDENDRON LUCYI F. Muell.
Archidendron lucyi F, von Mueller, Fragm. Phytogr. Austr. 6: 201. 1868;
Bailey, Queensland Fl. 522, 1900; Taubert in Engl. & Pr., N'at. PflzFam. 3: 3. Abt.:
103 fig. S8E, 1891; De Wit in Bull. bot. Gdns Buitenz. HI 17: 26S. 1942; Merr. A-
Perry in J. A m . Arb. 23: 392. 1942. — Albizzia lucyi (F. Muell.) F. von Mueller, Ic.
Austr. Sp. Acacia, Dee. 13: [pi. 6 ] . 1888. — Affmisea lucyi (F. Muell.) O. Kuntze
Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 158. 1891.
A. peekelii Lauterbach in Bot. Jb. 45: 360. 1911; De Wit in Bull. bot. Gdns
Buitenz. HI 17: 270. 1942.
Leaves 2-jugate, glabrous; petiole plus rachis about 60cm long, like
the rachillae more or less terete; leaflets 2—3(—4) pairs, unequal-sided,
broadly ovate, 12—20(—27) cm long, base variable, top more or less
1952] DE W I T : Revision of Archiilrndroit 87
acuminate; petiolules about 5mm long and 9—12(—17) cm wide; glands
ovoid, flat, scarcely raised.
Inflorescence lateral from the branches, compound racemes up to
30 cm or even longer, glabrous. Bracts deflexed, glabrous, 4 mm long,
fleshy. Pedicels 4—5 mm long; calyx infundibular to campanulate, shallow-
ly dentate, glabrous, Up to 4 mm long; corolla long exserted, 2—2.5 cm long,
finally revolute. Stamens 3.5—1.5 cm long; tube partly adherent to the
corolla. Ovaries 3—5(—6) ; style about 5 cm long. Pods deeply lobed, in
pairs, rufous to dull red, up to 12 cm long; seeds black, ovoid, up to 1.8 cm
long.
TYPE.—Dallachy s.n.; Melbourne Herb., holotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—Moluccas: Kai Islands (Groot Kai); North-West
Ceram (near Hatu Saweli). Queensland: Roekingham Bay. Bismarck
Archipelago: New Ireland (Namatanai).
LOCAL NAME.—A hulale (New Ireland).
ECOLOGY.—A 6—10 m tall tree occurring near streams from sea-level
to nearly 500 m altitude. Dallachy reported the flowers to be fragrant.
Flowers greenish or whitish. Kajewski (1420; Daintree River, North
Queensland) found it as a 30 m tall tree, flowering and fruiting in Novem-
ber; the stamens were white and showy.
Var. schlechterii (Harms) De Wit, va,r. nov., st.at. nov.
Archidendron schlechterii Harms in Bot. Jb. 55: 40. 1917.
Pedicels, calyx, and corolla generally somewhat narrower and longer,
the inflorescence may be over 50 cm long. Foliar glands, on the axis and
bracts in the inflorescence much larger and strongly developed, in the
inflorescence also more numerous.
TYPE.—Schlechter 18370; Kew Herb., holotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—New Guinea: Malia River; Veyia; Koitaki; lower
Fly River; Idenburg River.
The variety schlechterii is connected by many transitions to the
remainder of the species, though occasionally specimens are distinctly
different in appearance.
20. ARCHIDENDRON MEGAPHYLLUM Merr. & Perry
Archidendron megaphyUum Merrill & Perry in J. Arn. Arb. 23: 343. 1042.
Leaves 1-jugate; rachis about 20 cm long; rachillae about 70 cm long,
minutely pubescent; leaflets 5 pairs, broadly elliptic, 25cm long and 15
cm wide, rather bluntly apieulate, both surfaces sparsely rusty pubescent,
densely so on the nerves; petiolules 1 cm long.
Raceme simple, sturdy, 3—4(—6) cm long. Bracts tardily caducous.
Calyx 2—4 mm long, pubescent to glabrescent; corolla delicately puber-
ulous. Pod 7 cm long, 2 cm wide, inconspicuously short tomentose, with
7—8 oblong seeds, 1.5 cm long, hardly 1 cm wide.
TYPE.—Brass 7227; Herb. Arnold Arboretum, holotype.
8 8 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2
DISTRIBUTION.—North-East New Guinea: Palmer River, 2 miles below
Black River junction.
The type specimen was collected at 100 m altitude, in a substage of
rain-forest; it is described as a rare, unbranched tree, 14 m tall, with
few, large, about 1 m long, leaves, forming a scanty crown and bearing
several thick, twisted pods in fascicles on the stem.
In the appearance of the leaves A. megaphyllum is somewhat similar
to A. molle.
2 1 . ARCHIDENDKON MOLLE (K. Schum.) De Wit
Hansem ami ia mollis K. Schumann in Bot. J b . 9: 202. 1888; "Hamemannia mollis
F. Muell." in Index kew, Suppl. 1 : 16. 1906 (misspelt). — Albizzia, mollis (K. Schum.)
F. von Mueller in Proe. Linn. Soc. N. S, Wales II 5: 20. 1890. — Archidendron molle
(K. Schum.) De Wit in Bull. bot. Gdns Buitenz. I l l 17: 269. 1942; Archidendron mollis
(K. Sehum.) Kan. & Hat. in Bot. Mag., Tokyo 56: 357. 1942.
Leaves 1-jugate; petiole about 20cm long, pubescent; rachillae
30(—40) cm long, woolly pubescent; leaflets 5—6 pairs (the first pair
represented by a single one), more or less elliptic, (shortly) acuminate,
12—18 cm long and 7.5—10 cm wide, side-nerves numerous, softly and
sparsely pubescent on both surfaces, more densely so on the nerves;
tretiolules 3—5 mm long, densely golden hirsute; glands occurring on the
base and top of the petiole and between the petiolules, large, strongly
raised, cup-shaped, sharp-rimmed.
Inflorescence compound, 1—2.5 cm long, axis slender, like the branches
fulvous pubescent. Pedicels slender, 2 mm long, at first with a few
fugacious hairs; calyx (?not always) glabrous, cupular, dentate; corolla
11 mm long, at first with a few fugacious hairlets but soon entirely gla-
brous. Stamens about 3 cm long. The male plant has 5 reduced carpels
surrounded by a striate disc. Pods 6.5—8 cm long, septate, about 1.5 cm
wide: seeds 1.5cm Ions' and 1 cm wide, flattened laterally.
TYPE.—Hollrung 249; Kew, lectotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—North-East New Guinea: Upper Augusta River.
ECOLOGY.—White flowers in June—September; the seeds are black.
the pods fiery red. A small tree in (marshy) forest at low to medium
altitude.
Warburg reported to have found this species (sterile) near Finsch-
hafen (in Bot. Jb. 13: 333. 1891). The holotype was lost at Berlin;
at Kew is preserved an isotype consisting of a few leaflets and two
flowers. This is to be the lectotype as the isotype at Wroclaw consists of
leaves only. At first I took Carr 12659 and 12766 (male) to be A. brevipes.
I am now of opinion that these specimens are referable to A. molle. The
pubescence (on both surfaces of the leaflets) is thinner than in the type
of A. molle but otherwise entirely of the same appearance though more
1952] DE W I T : Revision of Arckidendron 89
fuscous, not 'golden.' The puberulous pedicel and calyx, and the puberulous
corolla lobes and, especially, the raised foliar glands (which are smaller
than in the type of A. molle but of similar structure) have made me decide
that the Carr specimens (Papua, Koitaki; forest, at about 500 m alt.)
belong to A. molle. This implies that the inflorescence of A. molle is of
similar size and shape as that of A. brevipes but fulvous, not green-yellow,
pubescent.
Carr's specimens have elliptic-oblong, slenderly acuminate leaflets.
22. ARCHIDENDRON MUCRONATUM Harms
Arckidendron mucronatum Harms in Notizbl. hot. Gart. Berlin-Dahl. 10: 274.
1928.
Leaves 2—3 jugate, glabrous; petiole and rachis 25 cm long or longer;
leaflets 2—4 pairs, ovate to oblong, more or less oblique, 15—20 cm long,
9—13 cm wide, base broad, top acuminulate.
Inflorescence paniculate, many-flowered, 10—25 cm long, 2—4 flow-
ered umbellulae on puberulous, about 1—2.5 cm long peduncles along a
puberulous axis more or less closely arranged. Pedicels 4—6 mm long,
puberulous; calyx nearly glabrous, 6—8 mm long; corolla about 3 cm long,
two thirds connate. Disc short, tubular; ovaries 4 (or 3?), stipitate, very
narrow, glabrous, style very long and slender.
TYPE.—Peekel 1022.
DISTRIBUTION.—Bismarck Archipelago: New Ireland (Neu-Mecklen-
burg), Lamekot, Parabina.
ECOLOGY.—A small tree, 6 m tall, in primary forest.
The holotype was lost at Berlin; I have seen no specimens referable
to .4. mucronatum.
23. Archidendron nervosum De Wit, sp. nov.
Ex affinitate A. aruensis differt tamen petiolo et rachilla sparse
patente pubescentibus, glandibus foliorum alte elevatis, racemis usque
ad 2 cm longis, pedicellis i—8 mm longis.
Leaves 1-jugate; petiole about 11cm long, like the 20—30 cm long
rachillae thinly pubescent with spreading hairs, rachillae shallowly
grooved; leaflets 4—5 pairs, the lowest pair usually a single leaf, ovate to
obovate, unequal-sided, up to 20 cm long and 6—10 cm wide, glabrous
except on part of the nerves on the lower surface which are thinly puberu-
lous, base rounded to subacute or retuse, top acuminate, nerves numerous
and strongly developed; glands, saucer-shaped, strongly raised, on top
of petiole, base of rachilla, and between petiolules. Stipules not seen.
Raceme simple, 1.5—2.5 cm long, puberulous. Bracts deflexed, linear,
2 mm long, bracteoles 5 mm long, linear-acute, puberulous. Pedicels slen-
der, glabrous, 4—8 mm long; calyx cupular, lobed, 5 mm long, f ugaciously
sparsely puberulous; corolla broadly cylindrical, 6—8-lobed, glabrous,
90 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2
15—17 mm long. Stamens 3.5 cm long, half connate, the tube adherent to
the corolla. Disc slightly raised. Ovarial remnants uncertain.
TYPE.—Eeccari, Piante delle Isola Aru, s.n.; Kew Herb., holotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—Moluccas: Aru Archipelago (Wokam).
Only the type (a male plant) is known, collected by O. Beccari in
March 1873, on Vokan (or Wokam), the northermost island of the Aru
group.
The hollow twigs and the strongly developed glands suggest that the
species is myrmecophilous; glands are also found on the branches at the
insertion of the leaves.
Archidendron nervosum is a close ally of A. aruense but differs by
its hairier leaf-axes and strongly raised, more numerous foliar glands.
The inflorescence is much shorter and the flowers much less numerous;
the calyx is much larger, the corolla wider and more fleshy, the stamens
are decidedly shorter and more numerous, and the pedicels much longer.
The bracteoles and bracts often bear nectaries, and these occur also
on the branches near the insertion of the leaves. In one flower, apparently
attacked by some insect, I found five ovaries, apparently half-developed,
possibly caused by some stimulus induced by the insect. I observed the
same phenomenon in male specimens of A. aruense.
A specimen collected by Buwalda (no. 5294, "pansul," on Pulau
Kobroor, Djierlaaj near Selibatabata, in old secondary forest) probably
belongs here.
24. ARCHIDENDRON OBLONGUM (Hemsl.) De Wit
Hansemannia oblonga Hemsley in Kew Bull. 1892: 125. — Archidendron ob-
longum. (Hemsl.) De Wit in Bull. bot. Gdns Buitenz. I l l 17: 269. 1942.
Leaves 1—2-jugate; young parts glandular-rusty-puberulous; petiole
3—4 cm long, glabreseent; rachillae 15—20 cm long, puberulous, glabres-
ant; leaflets 4—5 pairs, strongly accrescent, very thin, early glabrous
but midrib at first on lower rusty-glandular-puberulous, narrowly oblong,
up to 20 cm long and less than 7 cm wide, more or less unequal-sided, top
acute to subacuminate. base more or less rounded; petiolules about 2 mm
long, glandular-puberulous but soon glabrescent; glands large but flat
and only in young leaves partly raised. Stipules early caducous, not seen.
Inflorescence about 20 cm long, densely flowered, a simple raceme;
axis stout, glandular-puberulous. Pedicels 8—15 mm long, rusty tomentose;
calyx cupular, deeply 3-lobed, rusty tomentose; corolla 4-lobed, about 1 cm
long, thickish, densely tomentose outside. Stamens about 1.5 cm long.
Ovaries 3—5, nearly sessile, densely villose; styles about 0.5 cm longer
than the stamens.
TYPE.—Comins 102; Kew Herb., holotype.
1952] DE W I T : Revision of Arckidendron 91
DISTRIBUTION.—Solomon Islands: Malaita, San Christoval, Guadal-
canal.
LOCAL NAME.—Lame-lame (Malaita, Guadalcanal).
ECOLOGY.—Comins described this species on Malaita as a handsome
tree, overhanging water up a creek; the flowers were a rich orange. The
same collector noted of his San Christoval specimen (no. 304) that the
flowers were yellow. It flowered in March. F. S. Walker and C. T. White
collected it near the Hebo River on Malaita, in secondary rain-forest. It
was a 23 m tall tree, with small buttresses, brown bark roughened by
numerous lenticels; a "leguminous" odour was noticed when cut. On
Guadalcanal (Beaufort Bay, Kombau River), in riverine rain-forest,
Walker found it as a nearly 40 m tall tree, with plank-like buttresses up
to 2.5 m high. The bark was yellow brown with prominent, corky lenticels
tending to form raised, longitudinal lines. A detailed description of bark
and wood accompanies Walker's specimen (B.S.I.P. no. 248).
25. ARCHIDENDRON PACHYCARPUM (Warb.) De Wit
Hansemannki pachyarpa Warburg in Bot. Jb. 13: 333. 1891. — Archklendron
jmchyearpum (Warb.) De Wit in Bull. bot. Gdns Buitenz. I l l 17: 269. 1942.
Leaves glabrous, probably 1-jugate, petiole about 25 cm long, with
small, not raised glands; rachillae 30 em long, only locally with some
minute puberulous hairs, mucronate; leaflets 4(—5?) pairs, lanceolate,
13—16cm long, 5—6 cm broad, glabrous, top shortly acuminate; petiolules
6—8 mm. Stipules persistent, more or less falcate, about 1 cm long.
Inflorescence a (simple) 2 cm long raceme. Pedicels 2 mm long; calyx
5—7 mm long, shallowly dentate, cup-shaped, glabrous; corolla glabrous,
about 18 mm long (lobes about 9 mm, tips thickened, more or less fleshy),
not narrowly tubular but widely campanulate. Filaments 4—5 cm long.
Reduced ovaries 3—6; style 1—2 mm long; stigma small, knob-shaped.
Pods 7—9 cm long, basal part rugose, stalk-shaped, 2.5 cm long, upper
part cylindrical, apparently not dehiscent, containing 5 oblong, glossy
brown seeds, separated by up to 5 mm thick septs.
TYPE.—Warburg 20324; Wroclaw Herb., lectotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—North-East New Guinea: Constantinhafen.
ECOLOGY.—In coastal forest.
Apparently Warburg collected flowers and leaves of a male plant,
at least the only remaining isotype (lectotype) preserved at Wroclaw is
male. As he described also the pods (now lost) it would be interesting to
know whether Warburg obtained a pod from the same plant or found it
on a neighbouring individual. See also notes sub A. gogolense and sub
A. ledermannii.
26. ARCHIDENDRON PARVIFLORUM Pulle
Archidendron parviflorum Pulle hi Nova Guinea 8: 370. 1910; De Wit hi Bull,
bot. Gdns Buitenz. I l l 17: 264. 1942, in nota sub A. brevipes.
Archidendnm gracilifloruvi H a r m s in Bot. Jb. 55: 42. 1917.
92 R E 1 N W A R D T 1 A [VOL. 2
Archidendron warenense De Wit in Bull. bot. Gdns Buitenz. I l l 17: 264. April
1942, noraen prov. in nota sub A. bievipes; Kanehira & Hatusima in Bot. Mag., Tokyo
56: 359 fig. 3. Aug. 1942.
Leaves 1-jugate, petiole 20—25 cm long, puberuloua, mucronate, in
the upper part grooved; rachillae 25—40 cm long, puberulous, mucronate,
grooved to angular; leaflets 4—6 pairs, first pair often a single leaflet,
elliptic to elliptic-oblong, unequal-sided, up to 20 cm long and 4—7 cm wide,
glabrous but the nerves on both surfaces minutely puberulous, top (long)
acuminate; petiolules puberulous, short; glands raised, large to medium-
sized, on base and top of petiole and between petiolules. Stipules more or
less subulate, falcate, 5—8 mm long, caducous.
Raceme branched, 1.5 cm long, sparsely minutely puberulous, slender.
Bracts and bracteoles minute, caducous, reflexed. Pedicels slender, about
5 mm long, glabrous or with a sparse minute puberulousness; calyx about
2 mm long, glabrous, widely cupular, entire to aubdentate; corolla 7—9
mm long (lobes about 3 mm), thin, corollar tube adnate to the staminal
tube. Stamens 18—20 mm long. Ovaries slightly longer than the stamens,
2—5; stigma inconspicuous. Pods about 10 cm long, over the seeds 12 mm
wide, between the seeds constricted; seeds ellipsoid, l c m long.
TYPE.—Versteeg 1781; Herb. Bogoriense, holotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—Netherlands New Guinea: Lorentz River (Noord
River) near Bivouaq Island; Andai; Waren (south of Manokwari).
ECOLOGY.—In marshy forest; flowers and fruits in October; pods
fiery red.
I have suggested previously (De Wit, I.e.) that A. parviflorum
might be reduced to the synonymy of A. brevipes. At present it seems
better to me to keep A. parvifloruni as a related species distinguished
from A. brevipes by its stronger foliar glands, different stipules, slender,
more glabrous inflorescence, decidedly shorter and wider calyx, shorter
corolla and stamens, and much smaller pods and seeds. The type specimen
has both bisexual and male flowers on a single tree.
O. Beccari collected a fine specimen (Piante Papuane 756) in flower
September 10, 1872 (Andai); he noted that the pods were red inside.
Var. longipes De Wit, var. nov.
Ab A. parvifloro typico differt foliolis maioribus, ad 12 cm latis,
pedicelis circa 10 mm longis, gracilibus, racemis simplicibus (an semper?)
TYPE.—Clemens 141; Herb. Lugd. Bat., holotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—North-East New Guinea: Morobe district, Sattelberg.
The variety shows affinity to A. brevicalyx. The type has large,
raised, foliar glands at the base and top of the petiole and between the
petiolules.
1052] DE W I I : Revision, of Archidendron 93
27. ARCHIDENDRON SESSILE (Scheffer) De Wit
Pithccolobium {Clypeavia) sessile Scheffer in Ann. J a r d . bot. Buitenz. 1: 22.
1876. — Albizzia sessilis (Schett.) F. von Mueller, Deser. Not. Pap. PI. 1: 24. 1876. —
Ai-chidendron sessile (Scheff.) De Wit in Bull. bot. Gdns Buitenz. I l l 17: 270. 1942.
Leaves glabrous, 3-jugate (on the female plant); rachis about 60 cm
long, terete, and slightly grooved, with large, suborbicular, raised glands;
leaflets 3—4 pairs, sessile, unequal-sided, ovate to ovate-oblong, 15—20 cm
long and 8—9 cm wide, glabrous, pallid yellow-green when dry, base
(broadly) acute, top acuminate to caudate. Stipules early caducous.
Inflorescence a short, sturdy, glabrous panicle, less than 1 cm long;
flowers in small clusters, nearly sessile. Bracts linear, about 2 mm long.
Calyx cylindrical, loose-papery, glabrous, in the female greatly widening
towards the mouth, 14—20 mm long; corolla much exserted, about 2.5 mm
long, papery, with long, narrow, revolute lobes, tube entirely free from
the staminal tube, glabrous. Stamens represented in female flowers by
4—5, about 1 mm long, rounded, flat bodies round the ovaries. Ovaries
2 (in female plants), glabrous. Pods apparently not deeply constricted,
glabrous, about 10 cm long.
TYPE.—Teysmann 7834; Melbourne Herb., lectotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—North-West New Guinea: Andai.
I appoint the specimen representing Teysmann 7834 preserved in
the Melbourne Herbarium as the lectotype as it is much better than the
specimen preserved in the Herbarium Bogoriense. The Melbourne specimen
has a number of flowers whereas the Bogor specimen is without. Teys-
mann's plant is female.
28. ARCHIDENDRON SOGERENSE Baker f.
Archide-ndron sogerense Baker f. in J. of Bot. 61 (Suppl.) : 12. 1923.
Archidendron papuammi Merrill & Perry in J. Arn. Arb. 23: 392. 1942.
Leaves at least 2-jugate; petiole plus rachis 20—30 cm long, having
flat glands between the rachillae; rachillae 6—11 cm long, grooved, with
depressed glands between the petiolules, produced into a short mucro;
leaflets 2—3 accrescent pairs, oblong or elliptic, unequal-sided, 8—12.5 cm
long and 3—5 cm wide, base acute, top acute; petiolules 3 mm long. Sti-
pules unknown.
Raceme with few, very short (2—3 mm long), lateral branches
(peduncle stout), glabrous, smooth, 4—5(—7) cm long. Bracts not seen.
Pedicels stout, glabrous, 3—4 mm long; calyx 7—8 mm long, glabrous,
shallowly 4—5-dentate, cylindrical; corolla 1.5—2 cm long (lobes long,
revolute, papery). Stamens about 3.5 cm long, in the upper part in about
5 semi-coherent bundles, tube adherent to the corolla. Ovaries 5.
TYPE.—Forbes 615; Kew Herb., holotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—New Guinea (Papua): Sogere; Vailala River, Ihu.
ECOLOGY.—A white-flowered, 8 m tall tree, leaves very dark green.
94 R E I N W A R D T 1 A [VOL. 2
Baker stated that his A. sogerense was closely related to A, helium
but different in "that the petals are higher connate and there are mostly
5 ovaries." I suggest that the calyx and corolla are considerably shorter,
the leaves smaller. I reduced A. papuanum to the synonymy of A. sogerense
after examinating the holotypes. A. papuanum was based on Brass 1110
(Herb. Arn. Arb.). Obviously, A. sogerense is very close to A.hicyi.
29. AECHIDBNDRON SOLOMONENSE Hems!.
Archidendrnn soltymonense Hemsley in Hook. Ic. PI. 28: pi. 2735. 1902.
Leaves 2- (or more-?) jugate, entirely glabrous; petiole plus rachis
more than 15 cm long, glands not raised; rachillae up to 25 cm long, with
small, inconspicuous, sunken glands; leaflets 3—5 pairs, ovate, thin,
distinctly unequal-sided, 8—12 cm long and 5—6 cm wide, base often
strongly oblique, top slightly acuminate; petiolules about 4 mm long.
Raceme with few, extremely short branches, glabrous, sturdy, 7.5—10
cm long, few flowered. Pedicels glabrous, sturdy, 5—6mm long; calyx
broadly cylindrical (base truncate), glabrous, broadly lobed, 7—8 mm long:
corolla 2.7—3 cm long (lobes long, narrow, acute), glabrous. Stamens 5—(5
cm long; staminal tube adnate to the corollar tube. Ovaries about 8,
glabrous, at their base surrounded by a slightly raised disc; styles some-
what longer than the filaments; stigma small, capitate. Pods 1—5 from
a single flower, lively red, curved, up to 15 cm long and about 2 cm broad,
irregularly lobed; seeds 2—5, black.
TYPE.—Comins 249; Kew Herb., holotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—Solomon Islands: Uluwa (Madoa), "one tree near a
village"; San Christoval (Star Harbour).
LOCAL NAME.—Ai mahai (also used for Pongamia glabra in the Solo-
mons) .
ECOLOGY.—A tree, up to 6 m tall. The Rev. R. B. Comins wrote: "the
peduncles of the flowers rise out of the solid stem in quite an abrupt way.
and there are 5—6 flowers on one head- The pods were a handsome bright
red, and the seeds black or nearly S0."
30. Archidendron trifoliolatum De Wit, nov. sp.
Foliis 1-jugatis, foliolis 2-jugatis (jugo primo ex foliolo singulo
consistente), inflorescentia laze racemosa graciliore et floribus parvis
distincta. Probabiliter ex affinitate A. brachycarpi sed foliolis 2-jugatis,
minoribus, angustioribus, pedicellis longioribus et floribus lutescentibus
differt.
Branchlets light brownish-grey. Leaves glabrous, 1-jugate; petiole
2.5—4 cm long, terete, produced into a tardily caducous, about 3 mm long
mucro; rachillae 4.5—6 cm long; leaflets 2 (sometimes 1) pairs, distinctly
unequal-sided, ovate-oblong to almost lanceolate, pallid on the upper sur-
face, 8—12 cm long and 3.5—4.5 cm wide, laxly reticulate on both surfaces,
base obliquely acute to cuneate, top smoothly subacuminate. Petiolules short.
Inflorescences along twigs and on the ultimate branchlets (axillary),
often fascicled, laxly branching, short (2—4 cm), open; flowers somewhat
1952] DE W I T : REVISION of Arehklenilrou 95
closer at the top of the peduncles; axes very slender, with some sparse
hairs and minute glands. Pedicels glabrous or nearly so, about 4 mm long",
calyx more or less entire or indistinctly shallowly lobed, cylindrical, slightly
longer than the pedicel, (nearly) glabrous; corolla 4-lobed (lobes acute,
rather narrow, top distinctly thickened), glabrous, about half connate,
12—14 mm long. Stamens less than half connate; connective very minutely
rough. Ovaries reduced, abortive, 2, on a small, more or less pulvinate disc.
TYPE.—Carr 13482; Herb. British Museum, holotype.G
DISTRIBUTION.—New Guinea (Papua): Boridi.
ECOLOGY.—A shrub in the forest, about 4 m tall, at about 1250 m
altitude, flowering in November. In Carr 14463, collected in October near
the type locality, the ovaries are entirely reduced. The collector noted that
this number was from a tree, about 6.5 m tall, in the forest at about
1350 m altitude, with green flowers and white stamens. Only male plants
are known so far.
As a rule, the lower pair of leaflets is represented by a single leaflet,
the other not being developed or caducous, which suggested the epithet
'trifoliolatum.'
This may be allied to A. brctchycarpum Harms, but the latter is a
species of the coastal plain in New Ireland, whereas the present species
was found above 1200 m altitude in East New Guinea.
31. ARCHIDENDRON VAILLANTH (F. Muell.) F. Muell.
Pitheeolobium vaillantii F. von Mueller, Fragm. Phytogr. Austr. 5: 60. 1S65. —
Archidendron vaillantii (F. Muell.) F. von Mueller, Fragm. Phytogr. Austr. 5: 60.
1865; Taubert in Engl. & Pr., Nat. PllFam. 3: 3. Abt.: 103 fig. S8A-D. 1891. —
Albizzia vaillantii (F. Muell.) F. von Mueller, Ic. Austr. Sp. Acacia, Dec. 13: [pi. 7].
1888. — Affonsea vaillantii (F. Muell.) O. Kuntze, Rev, Gen. PI. 1: 158. 1891.
Leaves 1-jugate; rachillae about 25 cm long, grooved, stout, mucro
short; leaflets 3—4 pairs, broadly ovate, very unequal-sided, strongly
nerved, subcoriaceous, glabrous except for some sparse puberulous hairs
locally on either surface of the midrib, base broad, very unequal-sided, top
broad-acute; petiolules stout, not quite glabrous, about 4 mm long; glands
between the petiolules strongly raised.
Raceme simple; axis stout, puberulous, about 3cm long, carrying
5—7 flowers crowded at the top. Bracts thick, fleshy. Calyx broadly cy-
lindrical, 8—12 mm long, striate, densely appressed puberulous, margin
nearly entire; corolla tomentose outside, about 2.5 cm long, sparsely pubes-
cent inside, fleshy, lobes long, acute. Stamens about 6 cm long. Ovaries
S—15, appressed shortly hairy; style pubescent in lower half, exceeding
the stamens. Pods thick, with raised sutures, more than 10-seeded, about
10 cm long, glabrous.
TYPE.—Dallachy s.n.; Kew Herb., holotype.
DISTRIBUTION.—Queensland: Rockingham Bay (Seaview Mountain
Range).
96 R E I N W A R D 1 I A [VOL, 2
ECOLOGY.—This is described as a splendid tree, about 15 m tall, bark
smooth, wood hard.
S p e c i e s e x c l u d e n d a e v e l i m p e r f e c t s n o t a e
Archidendron harmsii Von Malm = Pithecellobium sp. (cf. De Wit
in Bull. hot. Gdns Buitenz. Ill 17: 266-267. 1942).
ARCHIDENDRON SP. NOV.
Specimen Archidendron speciei novae distinctae tamen imperfecte
notae in Herbario Melbournensi servatur: antheris filamentisque hirsutis;
foliolis ad 17.5 cm longis, 7.5 cm latis, subsessilibus, glabris, sed inferne
consperse puberulis costa et nervis lateralibus, basi rotundatis tamen
proxime petioluli conspicue inaequalibus, apice acutis; legumine toto dense
et alte pustulato.
Sir W. MacGregor in 1889 collected on the Louisiades a new species
of Archidendron of which some scraps are preserved in the Melbourne
Herbarium. The material certainly belongs to an undescribed species—of
which an analysis is given above—to which I wish to draw attention
although I have refrained from publishing an epithet on account of the
inadequate material. It is preferable to base a new binomial on a satis-
factory holotype.
ARCHIDENDRON KUBARYANUM (Warb.) K. Schum. & Laut.
Archidendron kubaryanum (Warb.l Lauterbach & K. Schumann apttd K. Sehum.
& Laut., Fl. deut. SchGeb. Siidsee 344. 1901, an isonym of Pitheeellobium kubaryanum
Warburg m Bot. Jb. 13: 335. 1891 (cf. De Wit m Bull. bot. Gdns Buitenz. Ill 17:
267. 1942).
It is uncertain wThether A. kubaryanum belongs in Archidendron; in
literature I have never seen evidence and the holotype was destroyed at
Berlin. There seem to exist no duplicates. Assuming that it really belongs
in Archidendron, it might be the correct name for A. fallax Harms, but
the type of A. fallax has also been lost and in this case, too, there are no
duplicates. I expect that this question can never be solved and consider
it best to reject A. kubaryanum and to maintain A. fallax, which is indu-
bitably a species of Archidendron and was well described.
ARCHIDENDRON TENUIRACEMOSUM Kaneh. & Hat.
Archidendron Icmiiracemosum Kanehira & Hatusima in Bot. Mag., Tokyo 56:
857. 1942.
The general appearance of this species, based on Kanehira & Hatusima
1325, is suggestive of Archidendron but the flowers have only one ovary.
It may represent a distinct species of Pithecellobium.
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