R E I N W A R D T I A Published by Herbarium Bogoriense, Kebun Raya Indonesia Volume 2, Part 3, pp. 385-402 (1954) MALAYSIAN LICHENS—IV* P. GROENHART'* SUMMARY 1. The first part deals with and illustrates 4 species of which one, from Java, is described as new. 2. In the second part 26 new species from Java are described. R a r e Indonesian lichens 1. GYMNODERMA COCCOCARPUM Nylander—Fig. 1 Gymnoderma coccocarpum Nyl., Synops. 2: 26. I860. Thallus composed of irregularly palmately incised, small, foliaceous scales of about 10 mm length and 12 mm breadth; laciniae about 1 to 2 mm wide with rough margins; scales imbricate, more or less ascending at the tips and loosely attached to the substratum by means of a loose tissue of hyphae, within which more or less distinct strings can be distinguished; this tissue produced by the medulla of the basal part of the scales; upper side of the scales bright green when fresh, becoming more or less olivaceous when dry, the surface dull and somewhat scrobiculate; lower side, formed by the medulla and the above mentioned tissue, white and towards the tips with fine nerves. Cortex of the upper side chondroid, 25—30 µ. thick, colourless, composed of thick-walled, branched and connected hyphae running mainly perpendicularly to the surface; gonidia bright green, globose, 1-celled, 9—12 µ. in diameter, forming a continuous layer beneath the cortex; medulla composed of loose hyphae, mainly running parallel to the surface. Apothecia biatorine, subglobose to lentiform, 0.3—0.8 mm in diameter, marginal, on the very brim of the thallus or attached to the tips of small thalline laciniae; apothecia often abnormal, forming clusters of small, more or less globose apothecia of 0.2—0.3 mm in diameter; hymenium colourless, 60 µ. thick, hyaline, dark blue with J; epithecium colourless; excipulum composed of densely intricate hyphae, running perpendicularly to the surface in the marginal zone, pale ferrugineous coloured especially under the hymenium and in the centre; asci 8-spored, cylindrical, with thin walls; spores colour- less, oblong-ellipsoidal, straight, simple, 3—4 x 12—25 µ; paraphyses rather thick, simple and conglutinated. This description answers very well to that of Nylander. I found my specimen in the rain forest above Tjibodas at an altitude of about 1575 m •For Parts I-III, see in Bull. bot. Gdns Buitenz. Ill 17: 198-203. 1941; in Rein- wardtia 1: 33-39. I960; 197-198. 1951. *"* Lichenologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Kebun Raya Indonesia, 3 8 6 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 above see level, growing over mosses on the trunk of a tree in company with Leprocaulon arbuscula (Nyl.) Nyl. These are quite the same circum- stances under which the original specimen must have been growing. The species seems to be very rare. After the specimens from the collection Hooker fil. & Thomson (nos. 2101 and 2124) no other specimens have been mentioned in literature as far as I know. It was also found by Kjellberg (no. 58 = BO 1619) on Celebes about 2500 m above sea level on Mount Pokapindjang in June 1929 (det. by Sandstede, 1933), so that my specimen (Groenhart 8813 = BO 7834) may be the third find within a century,' Though Leprocaulon is rather common in the forest above Tjibodas, I failed to detect another specimen of Gymnoderma. The genus has been referred to the Cladoniaceae by Zahlbruckner, which is probably based on Reinke's "Abhandlungen iiber Flechten" (in Jb. wiss. Bot. 28:109.1895.) This author considers the genus Gymnoderma to be an "Auszweigung des phylogenetischen Stammbaumes in gleicher Hohe" of Sphyridium (Baeomyces). I cannot share this view. In the Cladoniaceae a crustaceous or squamulose primary thallus is distinguished from a cylindrical secundary thallus, the podetia, to which the apothecia are attached. These podetia are always more or less cylindrical, solid or hollow. Reinke gives no anatomical particulars about the podetia and writes only: "Die Friichte stehen auf dem Rande des Thallus, sind kurz gestielt und haufig zerteilt bis zur Bildung traubenformiger Agglomerate." Zahlbruckner's diagnosis (in Naturl. PflFam. 1. Abt. 1*: 142. 1907; 2. Aufl., 8: 208, 1926) runs: "Podezien kurz, randstandig. Apothezien an den Spitzen derselben, traubig gehauft, fast kugelig"; this is in accordance with Reinke's statement. These podetia of the apothecia of Gymnoderma have nothing to do with real podetia, they are mere elongations of the margin of the thallus and composed in the same way as the thallus, namely: an upper cortex, a gonidial layer and a medulla, without any trace of a radial development. Moreover the apothecia are often directly attached to the very brim of the thallus. As the podetium, which is the main characteristic of the Cladoniaceae, is lacking, we cannot refer the genus Gymnopoda to that family. Nylander also did not think of a relation to the Cladoniaceae. Neither in his diagno- sis of the genus nor in that of the species he uses the word podetium. In the. former we find only, "Apothecia marginalia," and in the latter, 1 When this paper was in preparation, Mrs. P. G. H. ALLEN, Kuala Lumpur, kindly sent to me a specimen (no. 1209 = BO 7949) collected near Pine Tree Hill, Frasers Hill, Pahang, ca. 4,000 feet, on forest floor, probably fallen from forest tree, locally common in tall primitive rain forest. 1954] GROENHART: Malaysian lichens—IV FIGS. 1-4..— Fig. 1, Gymnoderma coccocarpum Nyl.; 1, thallus, 2 x ; la, apothe- cia, 5 x. — Fig. 2, Thysanothecium easuarimtm Groenh.; 2, thallus, 2 X; 2a, section through podetium, 30 X ; 2b, podetia, 6 x. — Fig. 3, Siphula dickotonia Vain., nat. size. — Fig. 4, Siphvla ceratitis (Wahl.) Fr. var. simplex (Tayl.) Mtill.-Agr.; 4, thallus, 2 X ; 4a, podetia, 2 X. 3 8 8 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 "Apothecia . . ., podicello brevi, tenui thallino portata, saepius agglo- merato-aggregata."2 This is in accordance with my own observations. Nylander placed the genus in the neighbourhood of Psoroma and Erioderma from which Gymnoderma differs in its primitive cortex and other characteristics. It is most closely related to Phyllopsora of which it only differs in the marginal apothecia and the much larger thalline scales. The drawing is made after a piece of my specimen no. 8813, collected November 20, 1952 (BO 7834). 2. Thysanothecium casuarinarum Groenhart, spec. nov.—Fig. 2 Thallus primarius epiphloeodes, squamulosus, imbricatus, adscendens; squamulae usque 2 mm longae, incisae vel crenatae, ad marginem albido- sorediatae, supra Iaevigatae, olivaceae, opacae, subtus albae, iaidiis destitutae. Cortex superior 30—50 µ crassus, hyalinus, decolor, ex hyphis pachydermatieis, conglutinatis, superficio parallelis, formatus, in parte inferiore hinc inde cavis dispersis; gonidia globosa, viridia, stratum sub- continuum formantia; medulla ex hyphis intricatis, sat pachydermaticis, 3—5 µ. crassis formata, decolor. Podetia 1,5—5 mm longa, ca. 1 mm crassa, longitudinaliter striata vel sulcata, cylindrica vel applanata, ad apicem dilatata, subnitida, fulva, inter rugas pseudocyphellis, striiformibus, albidis, nuda, vel basin versus granulis vel lobulis praedita. Cortex podetiarum 25—30 µ crassus, in parte exteriore subflavicans, in parte interiore decolor, ex hyphis pachydermaticis, fasciculato-conglutinatis, superficio parallelibus, formatus. Gonidia agglomerata, sub cortice et hypothecio stratum incontinuum formantia. Medulla stuppea. Apothecia ad apices podetiarum affixa, in juventute orbicularia, disco concavo margineque integro, elevato, demum obliqua, orbicularia, elliptica vel irregularia, integra vel incisa, 1—3 mm lata, disco carneo, opaco, subtiliter pruinoso, piano vel convexo et margine tenui, indistincto; hymenium decolor, 20—30 µ. altum, J. coerulescens; epithecium decolor, strato plus minusve granuloso, amorpho obductum, hypothecium laete flavidum, ex hyphis intricatis, formatum; asci 8-spori, clavati; sporae simplices, 2,5 X 7,5—8 µ, decolores, ellipsoideae; paraphyses simplices, arete cohaerentes, ad apicem non incrassatae. TYPUS.—Groenhart 5414. JAVA. Idjen Plateau, trail from Kawah Idjen to the trifurcation K. Idjen-Litjen- Sempol, ca. 1860 m, June 9, 1932, Groenhart 107, 108, 783; Mt. Kawi, Mt. Butak, ca. 2600 m, July 21-22, 1937, Groenhart 5ili; Mt. Ardjuno, near the camp of the sulphur porters above Lalidjiwo, 2500m, March 28, Groenhart 51,11-51,13, 7385-7389; Mt. Ardjuno, above Tretes, ca. 1800 m, Oct. 14, 1938, Groenhart 51,10; Mt. Ardjuno, Mt. Slamet, ca. 2000 m, Oct. 18, 1938, Groenhart 1,196, 7391, 73S2. All specimens were collected on trunks of tjemara (Casuarina spec), which were damaged by fire and of which the bark was more or less 2 Italics are mine. 1954] GROENHART: Malaysian lichens—IV 389 charred. I could never find the species on other substrata neither in East nor in West Java. Thysanothecium hyalinum (Tayl.) Nyl. is characterized by its hyaline podetia and granular, somewhat yellowish thallus; Th. indicum Harm, has an ash-coloured, granular and somewhat cottonny thallus, while the podetia bear small soredia; Th. hookeri Berk. & Mont, has a granular, effuse thallus, the podetia are much longer and the apothecia are often deeply incised and lobate. All three species are terrestrial. Thysanothecium casuarinarum has a persistent, squamulose primary thallus, which may depauperate into a more or less granulose mass. The new species is probably most closely related to Th. hookeri. 3. SIPHULA CEEATITES (Wahlenberg) Fries var. SIMPLEX (Taylor) Muller-Argov.—Fig. 4 The only known specimens of this species found in Indonesia were collected by Dr. C. G. G. J. van Steenis no. 10145 = BO 1885, Feb. 4, 1937, on Mount Leuser (N. W. Sumatra, Gajo Luens) at 3250 m above sea level. According to Nylander it should also occur in the Himalaya Mountains (J. D. Hooker 2122) at an altitude of 15,000 feet. The podetia, growing in dense tufts, are 1—2 cm high and about 1 mm thick, simple or furcate, pale grayish white or pale brownish beneath and white at the tips, which are bluntly rounded. As the podetia are rather i brittle in a dry state, they are easily broken off. The flat top of such podetia resembles an apothecium with a concave, somewhat flesh-coloured disc and a thin, entire margin, not unlike the apothecia of Thtjsanothecium. In sections, however, nothing can be found that suggests an apothecial structure (cf. Muller-Argov. in Flora 71: 130. 1888 and Taylor in Lond. J. of Bot. 6: 185. 1847). At the sides of some podetia I found outgrowths resembling flesh- coloured, botryose cephalodia. Sections of these outgrowths showed the same structure as that of the podetia, but the medullary hyphae were less regularly arranged. The anatomical structure of the podetia is in accordance with Nylan- der's description (Synops. 1: 262. 1860). The cortex is about 45 µ thick, composed of rounded, thin-walled, 4—5 µ. wide cells; the gonidia are globose, 7.5—9 µ in diameter, forming a layer of about 75—90 n thick. But they are not "intense viride." Probably the material has been treated with alcohol, by which the algae were damaged and the protoplasts shrivelled. With the help of KOH they become yellowish and can be 3 9 0 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 distinguished from the hyphae. The central axis is solid, composed of thin-walled hyphae. Most of the podetia are sprouting from older ones, which are covered with soil; others seem to have a broken off base and are not connected with other podetia. Some of these podetia, but not all of them, send branched, rather thick rhizinae into the soil. With K the podetia become brownish, with J the cortex becomes violet-brown (sub microscopic/). 4. SIPHULA DICHOTOMA Vainio—Fig. 3 . Thallus caespitose, decumbent to ascendent, up to 2.5 cm high, 5 mm wide, compressed, brittle, palmately or dichotomously divided into sub- linear, 0.2—0.8mm broad laciniae with blunt tips; upper side white, smooth, without soredia or isidia; lower side white, warty, the warts depressed and often arranged into longitudinal rows. Cortex pseudoparen- chymatic, with round to angular, rather thin-walled cells, colourless, hyaline; the upper cortex 30—40 µ thick, the lower one 20—30 µ thick; gonidia pale yellowish green, globose, 7.5—9 µ. in diameter, laying in scattered groups beneath the upper cortex; medulla colourless, composed of branched, loosely interwoven, rather thin-walled hyphae, running mainly parallel to the axis, intensely yellow with K. This species has been rapported by Vainio from Sarawak, Borneo. [in Ann. Acad. Sci. fenn. A 19 (15): 28. 1923], growing over mosses on rock. I found it in East Java on the Idjen Plateau at about 1860 m above sea level, amongst mosses on the trunk of a species of Casuarina, alongside the trail from the trifurcation Kawah Idjen-Litjen-Sempol to the Kawah Idjen, June 8, 1932 (Grh. 103) and on Mount Gede, West Java, near Lebak Saat at about 2175 m above sea level, on rotten bark oi' a fallen tree, March 19, 1952 (Grh. 8498 = BO 7480). New Lichens from Java 1. Staurothele (Willeya) australis Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus epilithicus, uniformis, crustaceus, areolato-diffractus, fissuris hiascentibus, sordide viridis (in herbario isabellinus), subnitidus, laeviga- tus, sat crassus, sorediis et isidiis destitutus, in margine zona laetiore, linea hypothallina non cinctus, K —, Ca —, KCa —; zona corticalis 15 µ crassa, decolor; zona gonidialis 50—65 µ crassa, gonidiis globosis, viridibus, 6 n latis; zona medullaris et hypothallina brunnea 200—250 µcrassa. Perithecia immersa, numerosa; ostiolum nigrum vel brunneum thallum leviter superans, 0,2 mm latum, poro tenuissimo; excipulum urnaeforme, ferrugineum, circa 320 n altum, 280 µlatum; nucleus globosus vel sub- pyriformis, albidus, impurus, guttulas oleosas continens, J — ; periphyses septatae, usque 25 µ. longae, 1,5 µ crassae; sporae decolores, ovoideae vel ellipsoideae, 11,2—12,8 X 19—25,6 µ; gonidia hymenialia numerosa, laete 1954] GROENHART: Malaysian Uchene—IV 891 viridia, bacilliformia, recta vel leviter curvata, apicibus rotundatis, 5— 10 it longa, 1,5—2 n Iata. TYPUS.—Groenhart 94. EAST JAVA. Malang, falls of the Brantas Rivei- near Sengguruh, ea. 200 m, Oct. 16, 1936, Groenhart 9i. I have not seen asci and paraphyses, which probably dissolve. 2. Microglaena javanica Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus epiphloeodes, crustaceus, uniformis, tenuis, effusus, sub- stratum arete obducens, 0,05 mm crassus laevigatus vel minutissime rugulosus granulosusque, subnitidus laete melleus, sorediis et isidiis destitutus, linea obscuriore pro parte limitatus, K —, Ca —, KCa —, ecorticatus; gonidia globosa, laete virida, 5—10 µ Iata. Perithecia in ver- ruculis thallinis, numerosis, 0,5 mm latis, subgloboais, ad basin bene constrictis dispersis vel 2—3 confluentibus, thallo concoloribus vel ob- scurioribus, innata; excipulum integrum globosum, decolor; basis et ostiolum interdum obscuratum; paries pseudoparenchymaticus, 30—35 µ crassus, cellulis minutissimis; nucleus globosus, decolor, hyalinus, impurus, J — ; asci 4—6-spori, ellipsoidei, circa 150—160 µ. alti, 40—45 µ crassi, superne rotundati, membrana tenui superne bene incrassata, cincti; sporae in ascis biseriales, decolores, fusiformes, murali-divisae, membrana tenui cinetae, 16—20 X 50—64 µ cellulis numerosis angulatis; paraphyses fili- formes, ad basin ramosae, ceterum simplices. TYPUS.—Groenhart 1602. EAST JAVA. Malang, in the garden of the Agricultural School, 450 m, 1936-40, on trunks of Erythrina lithosperma Miq. and Ceiba penlandra Gaertn., Groenhart 1318, 1602, 4602, 1,895, 4995, 5074, 5089, 56S8, 5S89, 5690, 5691, 56,12, 5769, 5110, 5773, 6432, 6S1O, 7278, 7279, 7280; Mt. Andjasmoro, Pengadjaran Estate, 750 m, July 27, 1938, on Erythrina litkosperma Miq., Groenhart 6811. 3. Microglaena marginata Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus epilithicus, crustaceus, uniformis, tenuis, 1—1,5 cm latus, substratum arete obducens, 0,1—0,2 mm crassus avellaneus, in margine plus minusve albidus, minutissime areolatus vel granulatus, opacus, sorediis et isidiis nullis, linea hypothallina non limitatus, K—, Ca—, KCa —; gonidia globosa, laete viridia. Perithecia globosa, sessiila, sat numerosa, dispersa, 0,2 mm Iata, nuda, ad basin constricta et a thallo plus minusve obducta, poro terminali tenuissimo pertusa, brunnea vel nigro- brunea, epruinosa, opaca; excipulum integrum, in parte inferiore decolor, in parte superiore ochraceum vel obscuratum; nucleus globosus, decolor, purus, J — ; asci 8-spori, ellipsoidei, circa 150 µ longi, 33 µ. crassi, superne rotundati, membrana tenui, superne incrassata, cincti; sporae in ascis uni-- vel biseriales, laete citrinae, ellipsoideae vel ovoideae utrinque bene rotun- datae, murali-divisae, membrana tenui cinetae, 12—15 x 39—45 µ, cellulis numerosis, angulatis vel subglobosis; paraphyses filiformes, ad basin ramosae, ceterum simplices. TYPUS.—Groenhart 7134. SS2 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 EAST JAVA. Near Lawang, along the trail from desa Tjowek to Sempu, oa. 450 m, Jan. 15, 1939, on piece of volcanic rock, Groenhart 7JS4. 4. Porina (Segestria) isidiosa Groenhart, spec. nov. Thalhis epiphloeodes, crustaceus, sat expansus, uniformis, sat crassus, olivaceo-viridis, continuus vel diffractus, bullato-inaequalis, totaliter denseque Isidiis minutissimis obsitus, hinc inde albo-marginatus et albo- maculatus, linea hypothallina, tenui, nigra cinctus, intus albus, subtus (in bullis) nigrescens; K brunnescens, Ca —, KCa —. Gonidia subglobosa vel oblonga, 9—12 µ. longa, 5—8 µ lata, pro parte concatenata, guttulas oleosas aurantiacas continentia, ad Trentepohliam pertinentia. Perithecia sessilia, dispersa, ad apicem nigra, ceterum thallo vestita, 0,6—0,8 mm lata, poro tenuissimo, terminali pertusa, ad basin constricta vel dilatata; excipulum integrum, globosum, diametro circa 350 µ, decolor vel laete ferrugineum, ad apicem nigro-fuscum; paries excipuli egaliter 30 µcras- sus; nucleus decolor, globosus, hyalinus, J flavescens; asci 8-spori, fusiformes, circa 120 µ alti, 20 µ lati, membrana tenui cincti; sporae uni- vel biseriales, fusiformes, decolores, 7—9-septatae, 6—9 X 27—30 µ loculis cubicis, fere aequalibus; paraphyses filiformes, simplices, persistentes. TYPUS.—Groenhart 8889. WEST JAVA. Bogor, 275 m, Feb. 5, 1953, on the trunk of Spondias spec, Groenhart SSSS — BO 7980. The species is characterized by the small isidia densely covering the thallus and the perithecial warts; the bullae of the thallus are brittle, which is caused by the mass of crystals within the medulla. 5. Opegrapha (Enopegrapha) aggregata Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus epiphloeodes, tenuis, uniformis, continuus vel diffractus, sat expansus, albidus vel flavo-viridis, opacus, laevigatus, soridiis et isidiis destitutus, linea hypothallina, brunnea pro parte cinctus; medulla alba; gonidia flavo-viridia, cellulis concatenatis, 12—15 µ. longis, 9—10 µ latis, guttulas oleosas includentibus, ad Trentepohliam pertinentia. Apothecfia numerosa, sessilia, solitaria vel varie aggregata, recta vel eurvata, sim- plicia aut furcata, 0,8—2 mm longa, 0,2—0,3 mm lata, ad basin abrupta, nuda, apicibus rotundatis vel plus minusve attenuatis; discus planus vel leviter convexus, opacus, niger, nudus vel leviter flavo-viridi-pruinosus, margo tenuis, integer, niger; excipulum integrum; labia erecta vel divergentia, integra, tenuia; hypothecium 60—70 n crassum; hymenium 65 µ altum, hyalinum, impurum, laete citrino-sulphureum, J — ; asci 8- spori, clavati, membrana tenui ad apicem incrassata, cincti; sporae bise- riales, decolores, oblongo-ellipsoideae vel subdactyliformes, membrana tenui cinctae, 3-septatae, ad apices rotundatae, 12 —16 x 3—4 µ, cellulis cubicis; paraphyses simplices, filiformes, ad apicem non incrassatae. TYPUS.—Groenhart 8849. WEST JAVA. Mt. Gede, Tjibodas, 1450 m, Nov. 21, 1952, on trunk of Cup- resms spec, Groenhart 8849 = BO 7870. 1964] GROENHART: Malaysian lichens—IV 803 6. Graphis (Eugrapkis) psidii Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus epiphloeodes, crustaceus, uniformis, continuus, tenuis, albidus, laevigatus, opacus, sorediis et isidiis destitutus, effusus aut lineam griseam tenuem contra lichenes alios formans, K — vel leviter flavescens, Ca—, KCa—; medulla alba; gonidia ad Trentepohliam pertinentia. Apothecia sessilia, simplicia, recta vel curvata, 0,4—2,5 mm longa 0,3—0,4 mm lata, nuda, nigra, ad basin thallo leviter obtecta, nitida, apicibus ro- tundatis; discus rimiformis; excipulum dimidiatum, nigrum; labia erecta, integra, apicibus incurvis, conniventibus, ad basin extrorsum dilatata, sub hymenio plus minusve evanescentia; hymenium usque 130 µ altum, decolor, hyalinum, purum, J flavescens; asci 8-spori, oblongo-ellipsoidei, membrana tenui ad apicem incrassata, cincti; sporae bi- vel triseriales, decolores, oblongo-fusiformes, 15—19-septatae, ad apices attenuatae rotundatae, 10,5—13,5 x 65—75 µ, J violascentes, cellulis lentiformibus; paraphyses filiformes, simplices, ad apicem non incrassatae. TYPUS.—Groenhart 8744. WEST JAVA. Mt. Gede, Tjibodas, 1450 m, Sept. 24, 1952, on branchlets of Psidium cattleyanum Sab., Groenhart 8744 = BO 7743. 7. Phaeographis (Chiographa) ramulicola Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus epiphloeodes, crustaceus, uniformis, continuus, cremeo-albi- dus, saepe laete fulvo-punctatus, laevigatus, subnitidus, sorediis et isidiis distitutus, contra lichenes alios lineam hypothalinam, atram, formans, K rubescens, Ca—, KCa —; medulla alba; gonidia ad Trentepohliam per- tinentia. Apothecia semiimmersa, sat crebra, simplices, recta, curvata vel flexuosa, 0,4—1,3 mm longa, 0,3 mm lata, apicibus rotundatis aut atte- nuatis; discus planus, niger, nudus aut griseo-pruinosus; margo tenuis, integer, niger, discum superans, thallo vestitus; excipulum integrum, fuligineum, tenue; labia erecta vel divergentia, integra; hymenium 140— 145(i altum, decolor, hyalinum, guttulis oleosis inspersum, J flavescens; epithecium fuligineum; asci 8-spori, oblongo-ellipsoidei, membrana tenui ad apicem incrassata, cinti; sporae bi- vel triseriales, fumosae, oblongae, rectae, 9—11-septatae, ad apices rotundatae, 7,5—9 x 3 0 — 4 µ ; sporae juveniles J violescentes; paraphyses simplices, filiformes, ad apicem non incrassatae. TYPUS.—Groenhart 8485. WEST JAVA. Mt. Gede, Tjibodas, 1450 m, March 18, 1952, on branchlets of Calliandra brevipes Bth., Groenhart 8485 = BO 7470. 8. Lecanactis (Eulectinactis) albida Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus epiphloeodes, crustaceus, uniformis, tenuis, continuus, albus, opacus, sat laevigatus, plus minusve farinaceus, sorediis et isidiis destitutus, linea nigra, tenui, cinctus; gonidia laete flavo-viridia, cellulis subglobosis vel elongatis, 9—15µ longis crassisque, ad Trentepohliam pertinentia. Apothecia sessilia vel substipitata, orbicularia, sat numerosa, dispersa, biatorina, subolivaceo-nigra, 0,3—0,5 mm lata, ad basin bene constricta; 3 9 4 R E I N W A H D T I A [VOL. 2 discus convexus, nudus, opacus; margo indistinctus; epithecium fuligi- neura; hymenium 70 n altum, decolor,- J —, guttulis oleosis inspersum; hypothecium (stratum subhymeniale) decolor vel laete ferrugineum ex hyphis intricatis formatum; excipulum nigro-fuligineum, ex hyphis in- tricati3 formatum; parathecium tenuissimum; asci 8-spori, clavati, membrana tenui ad apicem non incrassata, cincti; sporae in ascis fasti- cuiatae, decolores, oblongo-fusiformes, apicibus attenuatis, leviter curvatae vel sigmoideae, 7—9-septatae, 4,5—6 x 37—45µ., cellulis cubicis, aequi- longis; paraphyses, laxe cohaerentes, ad apicem non incrassatae. TYPUS.—Groenhart 8698. WEST JAVA. Mt. Gede, Tjibodas, 1450 m, Sept. 24, 1952, on branch of Cinna- moman camphora Kees & Eberm., Groenhart 8698 = BO 7696. 9. Diploschistes centrifugus Groenhart, spec. nov. Thalhis epilithicus, crustaceus, sat tenuis, uniformis, continuus, verruculoso-inaequalis, in centro diffractus, emoriens evanescensque, ad marginem plus minusve areolato-dispersus vel continuus, flavido-cremeus, opacus vel leviter nitidulus, zona albida einctus, isidiis et sorediis destitutus, K Havens, Ca et KCa rubescens; superne strato corticali, 20—30 µ crasso, decolcre, ex hyphis dense intricatis formato, tectus; gonidia globosa, viridia, 7,5—15 µ. lata in strato 30 µ. crasso conglomerata; medulla alba. Apothecia subimmersa, 0,5—1,2 mm lata, dispersa vel approximata, rotunda aut plus minusve irregularia, basin versus leviter conatricta vel abrupta; margo thallinus thallo concolor, bene prominulus, integer vel plus minusve verruculosus; margo proprius, tenuis, fisso a margine thallino plus minusve separatus; discus concavus vel planus, niger, leviter caesio-pruinosus; epithecium flavo-brunneum; hymenium 100—105 µ altum, decolor, purum, J — ; hypothecium 25—30µ. crassum, decolor vel plus minusve laete fulvescento-striatum, ex hyphis horizontalibus, con- glutinatisque formatum, in parathecium laterale badium, strato ex hyphis pachydermaticis, verticalibus, conglutinatis tectum, vergens; asci 8-spori, cylindrici, hymenio aequilongi; sporae biseriales (depauperatae uniseria- les), ellipsoideae, murali-divisae, murinae, septis transversalibus 4—5, ver- ticalibus 1, membrana tenui cinctae, 10,5—13,5 x 25—30µ.; paraphyses simpliees, filiformes, ad apicem leviter clavatae, bene cohaerentes. TYPUS.—Groenhart 8570. WEST JAVA. Mt. Gede, Tjibodas, 1450 m, Sept. 10, 1952, on volcanic rock, Groenhart 8570 = BO 7567. 10. Ionaspis (Euionaspis) badia Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus epilithicus crustaceus, uniformis, continuus vel dispersus, sat tenuis, griseo-albidus, diffractus, sat laevigatus, opacus, sorediis et isidiis destitutus, linea hypothallina non einctus, K flavescens, Ca —, KCa rubes- cens, intus albus; gonidia viridia, cellulis elongatis angulosisque, pro parte concatenatis, 7,5—12 µ longis, 6—10 µ. latis, ad Trentepohliam pertinentia. Apothecia sessilia, orbicularia, dispersa, sat numorosa, 0,3—0,4 mm lata; discus badius, planus, nudus aut plus minusve albo-pruinosus; margo 1954] GROENHART: Malaysian lichens—IV 395 primum supra discum productus, laceratus, demum integer, tenuis, discum leviter superans, thallo concolor; epithecium decolor vel laete coloratum; hymenium 110—120 µ altum, decolor vel laete citrinum, hyalinum, irapurum, J flavescens; hypothecium in centro 30—35µ. crassum, laete citrinum; excipulum egaliter 16µ crassum, badium, extus thallo vestitum; asci clavati, 8-spori, membrana tenui cincti; sporae biseriales, decolores, ovoideo-ellipsoideae, simplices, membrana tenui cinctae, 10—12 x 20—22 µ; paraphyses filiformes, simplices, ad apicem non incrassatae. TYPUS.—Groenhart 3634. EAST JAVA. Lawang, Mt. Wedon, ca. 500 m, Dec. 12, 1937, on volcanic rock, . Groeukart 863b. 11. Gyalecta (Eugyalecta) recedens Groenhart, spec.nov. Thallus epilithicus, crustaceus, uniformis, tenuis, continuus vel inter fragmenta substrati dispersus, albus vel testaceo-albidus, opacus, sorediis et isidiis destitutus, in margine linea obscuriore non limitatus, substratum arete obducens, ecorticatus, K—, Ca—, KCa —; gonidia subglobosa, laete viridia, 7—9 µ lata 8—12 µ. longa, pro parte concatenata, ad Trentepohliam pertinentia. Apothecia sessilia, dispersa, orbicularia, basin versus con- stricta, 0,4—0,5 mm lata; discus primum concavus, demum planus, nudus vel minutissime albo-pruinosus, laete fulvus vel prasinus, opacus; margo integer, tenuis, prominulus, demum inconspicuus, albus; excipulum decolor ex hyphis tenuibus et dense conglutinatis formatum, gonidia includens; epithecium decolor; hymenium 100—110 µ. altum, decolor, purum, J asci et sporae flavescentes; hypothecium decolor ex hyphis dense intricatis marginem versus radiantibus, formatum; asci 8-spori, ellipsoideo-clavati, circa 100µ. alti, membrana tenui ad apicem incrassata, cincti; sporae in ascis irregulariter dispositae, decolores, ellipsoideae-oblongae, utrinque rotundatae vel uno apice angustatae, rectae, murali-divisae, septis trans- versalibus 4—6, verticalibus 1,8—9 X 25—27µ.; paraphyses filiformes, simplices, eseptatae, ad apicem non incrassatae, liberae. TYPUS.—Groenhart WEST JAVA. Mt. Gede, Tjibodas, 1450 m, J a n . 21, 1953, on piece of rock in the borders near the emplacement, Groenhart S8SS = BO 7D2S. 12. Gyalecta (Eugyalecta) misera Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus epilithicus, tenuis, uniformis, albidus, opacus, continuus vel fissuris plus minusve hiantibus diffractus, isidiis et sorediis non prae- ditus; linea obscuriore non cinctus, K—, Ca—, KCa —; gonidia viridia, cellulis elongatis, concatenatis, 6—8 µ. Iongis, 4—6 µlatis, ad Trentepohliam pertinentia. Apothecia immersa, dispersa, orbicularia vel irregularia, 0,25—0,5 mm lata, demum margine tenui, integro, discum superante, thallo concolore, circumdata; discus planus, epruinosus vel leviter albido- pruinosus, testaceus; epithecium flavido-ferrugineum vel fusco-nigrum; hymenium 75 µ altum, decolor, purum, J—; hypothecium decolor ex hyphis intricatis formatum; asci 8-spori, ellipsoideo-clavati, membrana tenui ad apicem beneincrassata rotundataque, cincti; sporae biseriales, decolores, 3 9 6 B E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 ellipsoideae, murali-divisae, septis transversalibus 3—5 verticalibus 1, membrana tenui, 9—12 x 16—21 ,u; paraphyses simplices, filiformes, bene cohaerentes. TYPUS.—Groenhart 8747. WEST JAVA. Mt. Gede, Tjibodas, 1450 m, Sept. 25, 1952, on volcanic rock, Groenhart 3767 — BO 7746. 13. Heppia (Pannariella) pulchra Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus in terra habitans, subsquamosus, ca. 2 cm latus, substrato arete adhaerens, radiatim vel irregulariter lobatus; lobi contigui vel sub- imbricati, plani, 0,6—1,2 mm lati, usque 3 mm longi, supra laevigati, opaci, coeruleo-virides (in herbario mellei), marginibus leviter adscendentibus, apicibus rotundatis, K —, Ca —, KCa —; thallus 250—3001µ crassus, supra et in media parte pseudoparenchymaticus, cellulis leptodermaticis, circa 15 µ latis; zona superior gonidiis destituta, decolor vel in parte exteriore laete ferruginea; zona media gonidia continens; gonidia scytonemea, sub- globosa, 10—15 µ. lata, aeruginosa, in vagina gelatinosa sat tenui glome- rata; zona inferior ex hyphis leptodermaticis, 3—4 n crassis, ferrugineis, intricatis et subtus liberis, formata. Apothecia subimmersa, vel sessilia, orbicularia, dispersa, circa 1 mm lata; discus planus, castaneus, opacus, nudus; margo thallinus integer, discum leviter superans; epithecium ferrugineum; hymenium 120—130µ altum, decolor, hyalinum, purum, J flavescens; hypothecium decolor, ex hyphis intricatis formatum, J coeru- lescens; asci 8-spori, ellipsoidei vel clavati, membrana tenui, ad apicem non incrassata, cincti; sporae uni- vel biseriales, ellipsoideae, simplices, decolores, membrana tenui cinctae, 6—7,5 X 14—16µ; paraphyses filifor- mes, simplices, ad apicem non incrassatae. TYPUS.—Groenhart 648. EAST JAVA. S Malang, near desa Tawangredjeni near the bridge over the Lesti River, ca. 350 m, July 2, 193S, Groenhart 648, idem, July 9, 1939, Groenhart 3i21. 14. Heppia (Peltula) scabra Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus epilithicus, squamulosus; squamae primum rotundatae, demum irregulares, contiguae, discretae aut leviter imbricatae, 2—3 mm diametro, planae vel subconcavae, adpressae, supra olivaceae, nitidulae (in herbario aeruginosae, opacae), hinc inde supra et ad marginem subsoredioso-sca- bridae, intus albae, subtus sordide griseae vel carneae, sat laevigatae vel leviter verrucosae plicataeque, gompho subcentrali substrato affixae, saepe in cavernis parvis saxi sitae, K —, Ca —, KCa —. Thallus pseudoparen- chymaticus; zona superior decolor, cellulis leptodermaticis, 6—12µ. latis, gonidiis destituta, 15—30 µ crassa; zona media 60—100 [j. crassa, gonidiis scytonemeis, aeruginosis, subglobosis, ca. 10 n latis, in vagina gelatinosa sat tenui glomeratis, praedita; zona inferior 30—65 µ. crassa, gonidiis destituta, decolor vel laete flavida, cellulis minutis; gomphus ex hyphis parallelis, septatis, conglutinatis, formatus, flavidus vel laete violascens. Apothecia, immersa, rotunda, 0,3—0,4 mm lata, dispersa; discus planus, opacus, laete brunneus, margine thallino, integro, tenui circumdatus; 1964] GROENHABT: Malaysian lichens—IV SOT excipulum cupuliforme, pseudoparenchymaticum, cellufis elongatis minu- tis, in parathecio 16 µ et in hypothecio 50 p. crassum, decolor; epithecium flavum; hymenium 200µ crassum, decolor, hyalinum, purum, J—; asci multispori, clavati, membrana tenui, ad apicem non incrassata, cincti; sporae simplices, decolores, ellipsoideae, 2—2,5 x 3—4µ; paraphyses simplices, ad apicem incrassatae conglutinataeque. Pycnidia globosa vel pyriformia; paries decolor; fulcra exobasidialia; pycnoconidia 1—1,5 µ lata, 2—3µ longa, recta vel leviter curvata, in centro leviter constricta. TYPUS.—Groenhart 84. EAST JAVA. S Malang, near the falls of the Brantas River near Sengguruh, ca. 250 m, Oct. 16, 1936, on volcanic rock, Groenhart 84 15. Lecidea (Eideeidea) pertusarioides Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus epilithicus, crustaceus, sat crassus, uniformis, continuus, griseus, plicato-verrucosus, verrucis semiglobosis, depressis vel convexis, ad basin plus minusve constrictis, sorediis et isidiis destitutus, linea hypothallina non cinctua, K flavens, Ca —, KCa —; gonidia globosa, flavo- viridia, 7,5—9 µ lata, protococcoidea. Apothecia lecideina, dispersa, sessilia, orbicularia, 0.5—1 mm lata, ad basin constricta; discus niger, planus, nudus, leviter nitidus; margo disco coneolor, integer, tenuis, discum vix superans; epithecium laete fuligineum; hymenium 60µ altum, hyalinum, purum, decolor, J — (asci coerulescenti); hypothecium decolor, ex hyphis intricatis formatum; excipulum nigrum; asci 8-spori, clavati, membrana tenui ad apicem incrassata, cincti; sporae simplices, biaerialea, ellipsoideae, decolores, membrana tenui cinctae, 7,5—9 x 15—16,5 µ; paraphyses simplices, ad apicem non incrassatae. TYPUS.—Groenhart 8556. WEST JAVA. Mt. Gcde, Tjibodas, 1450 m, Sept. 10, 1952, on volcanic rock, Groenhart 8556 = BO 7553. The thallus resembles a species of Pertusaria. 16. Mycoblastus grisomagrinatus Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus epiphloeodes, parvus, ca. 10 mm latus, crustaceus, uniformis, tenuissimus, continuus, sordide griseus, opacus, sublaevigatus, sorediis et isidiis destitutus, linea hypothallina non cinctus; gonidia globosa, laete viridia, 7—5 µ lata, protococcoidea. Apothecia biatorina, sessilia, ad basin bene constricta, orbicularia, dispersa vel plus minusve aggregata, 0,5—0,8 mm lata; discus concavus vel planus, opacus, castaneus, nudus; margo integer, crassus, discum bene superans, thallo coneolor; epithecium laete ferrugineum vel decolor; hymenium 130 µ. altum hyalinum, purum, decolor, J coerulescens; hypothecium nigro-castaneum, ab excipulo non separatum; excipulum hymenium versus nigro-castaneum, in zona ex- teriore hyalinum, subdecolor ex hyphis intricatis subradiantibusque, formatum; asci 8-spori, clavati, membrana tenui ad apicem incrassa- ta, cincti; sporae uni- vel biseriales, ellipsoideae, simplices, decolores, membrana dupla, 3 µ crassa, cinctae, 15—18 x 24—30µ; paraphyses 3 9 8 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 simplices, filiformes, numerosissimae, ad apicem non incrassatae, arete cohaerentes. TYPUS.—Groenhart 8658. W E S T JAVA. Mt. Gede, trail to Tjibeureum, 1450 m, Sept. 20, 1952, on branch, Groenhart 8658 = BO 76S6. 17. Megalospora flavidula Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus epiphloeodes parvus, 12 mm latus, crustaceus, uniformis, tenuis, continuus, flavido-albus, sat laevigatus vel leviter inaequalis, sore- diis et isidiis destitutus, linea nigra pro parte cinctus; gonidia globosa, flavo-viridia, 8—9 µ. lata, protococcoidea. Apothecia lecideina, late sessilia, orbicularia, ad basin abrupta, dispersa, 0,7—1,2 mm lata; discus planus, niger, opacus, epruinosus; margo tenuis, integer, disco aequans, sat distinctus; epithecium nigrum vel nigro-f errugineum; hymenium 160 µ altum, hyalinum, griseum, guttulis oleosis inspersum, J coerulescens; hypothecium decolor, ex hyphis dense intricatis formatum, subchondroi- deum; excipulum sordide inspersum ex hyphis intricatis, in margine radiantibus, formatum, ad basin zona hyalina pura, subchondroidea, eel- Iulis minutissimis, in margine plus minusve nigratum; asci monospori, cllipsoidei; sporae decolores, oblonge-ellipsoideae, rectae, 1-septatae, ad septum non constrictae, apicibus bene rotundatis, 25,5—37,5 x 97—120 µ; paraphyses simplices, filiformes, ad apicem non incrassatae, numerosis- simae, arete cohaerentes, in K facile liberae. TYPUS.—Groenhart 8746. WEST JAVA. Mt. Gede, Tjibodas, 1450 m., Sept. 24, 1952, on branchlet of Paklium cattleyanuvi Sab., Groenhart 8746~ BO 7745. 18. Bacidia (Weitenwebera) modesta Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus epilithicus, crustaceus, uniformis, continuus, laevigatus vel minutissime granulatus, laete isabellinus, sorediis et isidiis destitutus, linea hypothallina non cinctus, K—, Ca—, KC —; gonidia globosa vel subglobosa, viridia, protococcoidea. Apothecia biatorina, sessilia, dispersa, basin versus constricta, 0,1—0,2 mm lata; discus planus, nudus, flavo- ochraceus; margo tenuis, integer, nigricans, discum non, vel leviter supe- rans; excipulum decolor, in zona exteriore obscuratum, ex hyphis dense intricatis, conglutinatisque, cellulis minutis, in zona exteriore radiantibus, formatum; epithecium decolor vel laete isabellinum; hymenium 65—75µ altum, decolor, purum, J flavens; asci 8-spori, clavati, membrana tenui ad apicem bene incrassata rotundataque, cincti; sporae biseriales, deco- lores, membrana tenui, 3-septatae, oblongae, utrinque bene rotundatae, 6—7,5 x 15—21 µ; paraphyses simplices, liberae, ad apicem non in- crassatae. TYPUS.—Groenhart 8575. W E S T JAVA. Mt. Gede, Tjibodas, 1450 m, Sept. 10, 1952, on volcanic rock, Groenhart 8575b = BO 7573. 1964] GROENHART: Malaysian lichens—IV S99 The specimen is not a good one and leas fit for a type specimen. It is partially covered with colonies of Cyanophyceae and mixed with a lead-grey sterile thallus. The small apothecia are scattered and rather inconspicuous. 19. Bacidia (Weitemvebera) elegantula Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus epiphloeodes, parvus, 25 mm latus, crustaceus, uniformis, continuus, griseus, tenuis, isidioso-verruculosus, sorediis destitutus, linea hypothallina non cinctus, K bene flavescens, Ca,—, KCa—; medulla alba; gonidia globosa, flavo-viridia, 7—10µ lata. Apothecia sessilia, orbicularia, dispersa, 0,3—0,5 mm lata ad basin constricta; discus niger, opacus, nudus, leviter convexus; margo albus vel griseus, tenuis, integer, persistens vel plus minusve exclusus; epithecium decolor vel nigratum; hymenium 85—95µ altum, hyalinum, pro parte nigratum, J coerulescens; hypothe- cium nigro-fuligineum; excipulum decolor, ex hyphis intricatis radian- tibusque, cellulis minutissimis, formatum; asci 8-spori, clavati, membrana tenui ad apicem incrassata, cincti; sporae biseriales, decolores, oblongae, utrinque rotundatae, ad unum apicem angustata; rectae vel subrectae, 3-septatae, 4—4,5 x 18—15 µ, vel 5-septate, C x 21—25µ; paraphyses simplices, gelatinam hyalinam percurrentes, ad apicem non incrassatae, filiformes. TYPUS.—Groenhart 8531. WEST JAVA. Mt. Gedc, Tjibodas, 1450 m, March 24, 1352, on branches of Psidium cattleyanum Sab., Grocnhurt S531 = BO 7522. 20. Bacidia (Weitemvebera) aspera Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus epilithicus, sat crassus, uniformis, albus, opacus, verrueuloso- inaequalis, irregulariter et minutissime diffractus, granulis subsorediosis hinc inde obsitus, soralits et isidiis destitutus, K — vel flavescens, Ca —, KCa —; medulla alba; gonidia globosa, viridia, 8—10µ lata protococcoidea. Apothecia sessilia, biatorina, dispersa, orbicularia, ad basin constricta, 0,7—1,2 mm lata; discus niger, opacus, planus, demum plus minusve convexus, nudus; margo integer, tenuis, persistens, fumosus vel atro- niger; epithecium fuligineum vel nigrum; hymenium 70 µ. altum, hyalinum, purum, J coerulescens; stratum subhymeniale ca. 30 u crassum, f uligineum, in K purpurascens; excipulum nigro-fuligineum, ex hyphis dense intricatis subradiantibusque, cellulis minutissimis, formatum; asci 8-spori, clavati, membrana tenui ad apicem incrassata, cincti; sporae biseriales, oblongae, decolores, 5-septatae, rectae, utrinque rotundatae vel uno apice angustatae, 5—6 x 21—24 µ; paraphyses simplices, arete cohaerentes, ad apicem non incrassatae. TYPUS.—Groenhart 8673. W E S T JAVA. Mt. Gede, Tjibodas, 1450 m, Sept. 23, 1952, on volcanic rock, Groenhart 8671 = BO 7671. When fresh the species is characterized by a greenish marginal zone and & dirty white centre. After it has dried up this green zone disappears. 4 0 0 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 21. Bacidia (Weitenioebera) avellanea Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus epilithicus, crustaceus, uniformis, diffracto-areolatus, sub- leprose-inaequalis, avellaneus, opacus, sorediis et isidiis destitutus, linea hypothallina non cinctus, K —, Ca —, KCa —; gonidia globosa, viridia, 9— 12µ lata; protococcoidea. Apotheeia lecideina, sessilia, dispersa, nigra, orbicularia, 0,8—2 mm lata, simplicia vel aggregata; discus planus, opacus, nudus demum convexus; margo integer, tenuis, leviter prominulus, disco concolor; excipulum nigrum vel fulvo-nigrum (in KOH aurantiaco-ferrugi- neum), pseudoparenchymaticum, cellulis minutis, 3—5 µ latis, materiam nigro-fulvam continentibus, in zona marginal! plus minusve radiantibus; epithecium tenue, fuligineum; hymenium 70—75 µ. altum (in apotheciis latioribus usque 90µ), hyalinum, decolor vel laete coloratum, J coerules- cens; hypothecium fulvo-nigrum, ex hyphis dense intricatis formatum; asci clavati, 8-spori, membrana tenui ad apicem incrassata, cincti; sporae biseriales, oblongae, decolores rectae vel leviter curvatae, utrinque rotun- datae, 5-septatae, 7,5—9 x 25—28µ.; paraphyses filiformes, simplices, ad apicem non incrassatae. TYPUS.—Groenhart 8577. W E S T JAVA. Mt. Gede, Tjibodas, 1450 m, Sept. 10, 1952, on volcanic rock, Groenhart 8577 = BO 757S. 22. Bacidia (Scolicosporum) sorediosa Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus epiphloeodes, crustaceus, sat tenuis, uniformis, albido-griseus, continuus vel plus minusve areolato-diffractus, sorediis, flavo-viridibus copiosis, obsitus, linea hypothallina non cinctus, K—, Ca—, KCa —; medulla alba; gonidia globosa, flavo-viridia, 5—8 µ . lata, protococcoidea. Apotheeia biatorina, numerosa, dispersa, sessilia, ad basin constricta, orbicularia; discus castaneus, planus, vel leviter convexus, opacus, nudus; margo tenuissimus, integer, niger, aut inconspicuus; epithecium decolor; hymenium 45µ altum, hyalinum, purum, decolor, J coerulescens; asci clavati, copiosi, membrana tenui ad apicem incrassata, cincti; sporae ignotae; excipulum castaneum vel nigro-castaneum, ex hyphis dense intri- catis, formatum; paraphyses simplices, paucae, ad apicem non incrassatae. TYPUS.—Groenhart 8670. W E S T JAVA. Mt. Gede, Tjibodas, 1450 m, Sept. 22, 1952, on trunk of Noronhia emarginata Thou., Groenhart 8670 = BO 7668. Though the thallus bears many apotheeia, I could not find asci with ripe spores. In only a few asci I found a structure suggesting a spirally wound bundle of needle-like spores. 23. Thelocarpon algicola Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus crustaceo-squamulosus, parvus, 0,2—0,5 mm latus, orbicularis vel plus minusve irregularis, subplanus, adpressus, avellaneus vel avel- laneo-melleus, in centro saepe castaneus, laevigatus, opacus, sorediis et isi- diis destitutus; cortex 30—45 µ crassus, hyalinus, pseudoparenchymaticus. 1954] GBOENHABT: Malaysian lichens—IV 401 cellulis orbicularibus, 3—4,5 µ. latis, intus decolor, zona Iguperiore circum apothecium castanea, ad marginem thalli nigra, ceterum griseo-inapersa; gonidia globosa, viridia, 7—14 n lata, stratum 30—45 µ. crassum formantia aut spatium inter apothecium et corticem deplentia; medulla alba, hyalina, pura ex hyphis intricatis formata, tenuis vel evanescens; zona inferior super substratum nigra, tenuis vel crassa. Apothecia immersa, in sectione subglobosa, solitaria, in centro thalli sita; discus primum punctiformis, demum apertus, parvus, margine tenuissimo, integro, sub- nigro, thallum leviter superante, circumdatus; excipulum integrum, decolor vel in apice castaneum, 30—35 n crassum, ex hyphis subparallelia, conglutinatis, formatum, chondroideum; hymenium hyalinum, 110 µ altum, purum, J laete coerulescens; epithecium decolor; asci multispori, ellipsoideo-clavati, membrana tenui, ad apicem incrassata, cincti; sporae simplices, decolores, bacilliformes, rectae, utrinque rotundatae, 1,5 x 6; µ; paraphyses filiformes, simplices, ad apicem non incrasatae, ascis longiores. TYFUS—Groenhart 8887. W E S T JAVA. Mt. Gede, Tjibodas, 1450 m, J a n . 21, 1953, over Cyanophyceae on volcanic rock, Groenkart 8887 — BO 7927. 24. Acarospora (Euacarospora) confusa Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus epilithicus, biformis, ex hypothallo tenuissimo vel fere in- conspicuo griseoque, et verrucis, solitariis vel contiguis, depresso-globosis, usque 1 mm latis, ad basin constrictis abruptisve, castaneis, opacis, forma- tus, K —, Ca —, KCa —; cortex verrucarum 25—30 a crassus, decolor, hyalinua, zona exteriore brunnea, ex hyphis intricatis, cellulis minutis, formatus; gonidia globosa, viridia, 12—15 µ lata, stratum 30—60 µ crassum formantia; medulla alba. Apothecia in apice verrucarum immersa, 0,2—0,3 mm lata; discus planus, ater; margo tenuissimus, integer, discum thallumque leviter superans, thallo concolor vel obscurior, saepe indis- tinctus; excipulum cupuliforme, hyalinum, decolor vel ochraceum, in parathecio saepe brunnescens; hymenium 120—150 µ altum, hyalinum, decolor, purum, J —; asci multispori, clavati; sporae decolores, simplices, globosae. 2—3 µ. latae; paraphyses filiformes, simplices, ascis longiores. TYPUS.—Groenhart 7063. EAST JAVA. Mt. Ardjuno, Mt. Welirang, ca. 3100 m, March 28, 1937, on vol- canic rock, Groenhart 7O6S, 7064. As the pale grey hypothallus is almost inconspicuous, the brown verrucas seem to grow isolated and suggest a species of Thelocarpon. 25. Blastenia olivacea Groenhart, spec. nov. Thallus epilithicus, crustaceus, tenuis, uniformis, olivaceus, nitidus, continuua vel plus minusve diffractus, laevigatus, sorediis et isidiis destitutus, linea hypothallina non cinctus; gonidia globosa, flavo-viridia, 6—10 µ lata; medulla alba. Apothecia 0,2—0,4 mm lata, sessilia, biatorina, dispersa, obscure fuliginea, numerosa, nuda, opaca, convexa; margo inconspicuus; epithecium fuligineum, K violascens; hymenium 60—70 µ 402 R E I X W A R D T I A [VOL. 2 altum, decolor, hyalinum, purum, J coerulescens; asci 8-spori, clavati, raembrana tenui art apicem bene incrassata, cincti; sporae biseriales, polaridiblastae, decolores, ellipsoideae, cellulis isthmo connectis, 7—7,5 X 12—15 µ.; paraphyses simplices, septatae, ad apicem incrassatae et saepe furcatae; hypothecium decolor; excipulum ex hyphis intricatis, radian- tibus formatum, in margine nigro-fuligineum, pseudoparenchymaticum, cellulis orbicularibus 3—4 µ. latis, nulla gonidia continens. TYPUS.—Groenhart 8522. W E S T JAVA. Bogor, Kedung Halang, 260 m, July 27, 1952, on paling of fence, Groenhart 8522 = BO 7511. 26. Buellia (Eubuellin) dissipata Groenhart, spec.nov. Thailus epilithicus, crustaceus, areolatus; areolae rotundae irregula- resque, 0,3—1 mm Iatas, dispersae vel contiguae, supra planae, opacae, laete stramineae, laevigatae, K flavescentes demum rubescentes. sorediis et isidiis destitutae, 0,4 mm crassae, substrate arete adhaerentes, linea hypo- thallina non cinctae; stratum corticale 35 µ crassum, decolor, griseo- inspersum, ex hyphis intricatis formatum; stratum gonidiale 36—50 µ crassum, continuum, gonidiis globosis, viridibus, 7—9 µlatis, protococcoi- deis; medulla alba in K pr. p. rubescens, circa medium strato nigro- brunneo, tenui praedita. Apothecia sessilia, Iecideina, nigra, opaca, nuda, 0,3—0,6 mm lati, in juventute plana, margine tenuissimo, integro, cincta, demum convexa et margine indistincto; epithecium laete badium, K —; hymenium 75 µ altum, hyalinum, purum, J coerulescens; hypothecium badio-nigrum, ex hyphis intricatis formatum; asci clavati, 8-spori, mem- brana tenui ad apicem incrassata, cincti; sporae biseriales, diblastae, brunneae, ellipsoideae, 6—7 x 12—14 µ; ad septum non constrictae; para- physes simplices ad apicem clavatae septataeque et brunneae. TYPUS.—Groenhart 8582. W E S T JAVA. Mt. Gede, Tjibodas, 1450 m, Sept. 10, 1952, on volcanic rock, Groenhart 8582= BO 7580 The structure of the apothecium is somewhat confusing. Beneath the hymenium lies a dark coloured hypothecium shaped like a half lens resting with the flat side on a hyaline tissue. The parathecium beside the hymenium is connected with the hypothecium by a very thin, dark tissue. The parathecium seems to be built up of septate hyphae with round cells not unlike the apical cells of the paraphyses as far as this is visible in a crushed mount. The dark colour is not suitable for a more profound investigation without the help of a microtome. The parathecium rests on the same tissue as the hypothecium on the same level. As the gonidial layer is absent under the apothecium, the base of the apothecium, the cortex, and the medulla form together one hyaline tissue without any apparent differentiation. 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401