R E I N W A R D T I A

Published by Herbarium Bogoriense, Kebun Raya Indonesia
Volume 1, Part 1, pp. 51-60 (1950)

NOTES ON THE GENUS CYLINDROCLADIUM
(Fungi: Mucedinaceae)

K. B. BOEDIJN 1 and J. REITSMA -

INTRODUCTION.—The genus Cylindrocladivm was erected by Morgan
in 1892 for a Mucedinaceous fungus with Penicillium-like branching and
long, cylindrical, two-celled conidia. The original diagnosis runs: —

Cylindrocladium Morgan. "Hyphae steriles repentes, fertiles erectae, dichoto-
mice ramosae, septatae, basidia in apice ramorum subterna fusoidea, conidia cylin-
dracea, 1-septata."

The type and only species, Cylindrocladium scoparium Morgan, was
found on dead pods of Gleditschia triacanthos L.

In 1900 the same fungus was reported by Ellis and Everhart on dead
leaves of Asimina triloba Dun. They considered it a new species of the
genus Diplocladhim Bonord. and described it accordingly as Diplocladium
cylindrosporum Ell. & Everh.

In 1912 Hawley (see Rea and Hawley) erected the genus Candelospora
with the following diagnosis: —

Candelospora Hawley. "Hyphae steriles repentes. Conidiophoris erectis, septatis,
hyalinis, irregulariter ramosis vel etiam simplicibus, supra penicillatim divisis. Coni-
diis singulis in ultimis ramulis ortis, hyalinis, multiseptatis."

The type species, Candelospora ilicicola Hawley, was growing on dead
leaves of Ilex aquifolium L.

A similar fungus was found by us on potato tubers. Through the
kindness of Dr J. Ramsbottom, we were able to study part of the type
material of Candelospora ilicicola. A close comparison with our material
showed it to be absolutely identical with this species. As can be seen from
the description, Candelospora and Cylindrocladium are the same; the
only difference is to be found in the conidia, which in Cylindrocladium,
are two-celled, and many-celled in Candelospora. In our opinion both
genera should be fused under the oldest name, Cylindrocladium.

In 1917 Petch mentions a new species found on the leaves of Pithe-
colobium saman (Jacq.) Benth. [= Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.] and
gives the following description: —

1 Professor of Botany, Faculties of Agriculture and of Veterinary Science, Uni-
versity of Indonesia Bogor (Buitenzorg).

- Head of Phytopathological Subdivision, Institute for Plant Diseases and Pests
General Agricultural Research Station, Bogor.

— 51 —



52 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 1
1950] BOEDIJN & REITSMA: The genus Cylindrocladium

Cylindrocladium pithecolobii Petch. "Maculis albis, rotundatis, ad 4 mm. diam.;
conidiophoris et mycelio albis, hypophyllis; hyp his repentibus, hyalinis, 3 JJ, diameter;
conidiophoris hyalinis, ad 160 <x alt. basi 8µ, diam., septatis, dichotome furcatis, sterig-
matibus apicalibus vel verticillatis; sterigmatibus subovalibus vel fusoideis, curvis
vel inaequilateralibus, acutis, 7—16 X 3 µ.. Conidiis hyalinis, solitariis, cylindraceis vel
subfusoideis, obtusis, uniseptatis, raro leniter constrictis, 36—60 X 5—7 µ,.

According to the diagnosis this is no new species, but certainly only
Cylindrocladium scoparium.

Massey (1917) found this latter species to be a parasite on roses and
the same was stated by Anderson (1919). The parasitic nature of Cylindro-
cladium scoparium was furthermore acknowledged by Wormald (1943,
1944), who found the species on plums and cherries in Britain, and by
Jauch (1943), who reported the species in the Argentine, where it para-
sitizes roses, apricots, Eucalyptus sp., and Ilex paraguayensis St. Hil.

In Java we found the species several times, often as a saprophyte.
So it seems that Cylindrocladium scoparium has a world-wide distribution.

Anderson (1917) found another species on roses, distinguished by
much shorter conidia, which he named Cylindrocladium parvum Anderson.

In 1928 Sherbakoff also described a new species under the name of
Cylindrocladium macrosporum. It was isolated from leaves of the palrn
"Washingtonia robosta Parish."

Fawcett and Klotz (1937) reported a species on Citrus-fruit, which
they named Candelospora citri Fawcett & Klotz on account of the three-
septate conidia. As was already stated we do not recognize the genus
Candelospora and consequently consider this a species of Cylindrocladium.

We now can add two new forms, so that up till the present the actual
number of species is seven. They are all very much alike, the distinguish-
ing characters being chiefly found in the dimensions and septation of
the conidia. There are species with one-septate, three-septate, and even
five-septate conidia. Nevertheless we do not place the species with many-
celled conidia in the genus Candelospora.

A similar case is encountered in the genus Fusarium Link ex Fr., in
which the species with two-celled conidia are not separated either from
the species with many-celled conidia. However, there is more than a super-
ficial resemblance between the genera Cylindrocladium and Fusarium.

In our opinion both genera are closely related. They show the same
mycelial growth with abundant formation of chlamydospores, whereas
the conidiophores have a similar mode of branching. The most convincing
fact to support our view is to be seen in the perfect stage, which in Cy-
lindrocladium ilicicola is a species of Calonectria. As there are a number
of Fusarium-species which have a species of Calonectria as their ascus-
form, the relationship between our genera seems well established.

The fact that Cylindrocladium has been placed in the Mucedinaceae,
whereas Fusarium belongs to the Tuberculariaceae, is not of great im-

portance. In the future many changes will be necessary in the arrangement
of the Deuteromycetes.

Cylindrocladium citri we only know from the original description.
Of C. parvum and C. macrosporum we received pure cultures from the
"Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures," Baarn, but this material,
though growing luxuriously, hardly produced any conidia. The remaining
species were isolated by us from dead and living plant material. Unfor-
tunately some of .these cultures were lost; the rest was placed by us in
the collection of the "Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures," Baarn.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.—The writers take this opportunity of thanking
Dr J. Ramsbottom, British Museum (Natural History), London, for sup-
plying material of Cylindrocladium ilicicola Hawley, required in connec-
tion with this investigation. Acknowledgement is also made to Prof. Dr J.
Westerdijk at Baarn for her kindness in forwarding us cultures of Cylin-
drocladium parvum Anderson and C. macrosporum Sherb. Moreover we
want to express our gratitude to Dr H. C. D. de Wit, Flora Malesiana
Office, Leiden, for help with the Latin diagnoses.

Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum was isolated in Indonesia for the
first time in 1941 by Miss W. Ch. Slooff, from leaves of clove seedlings.
The pathogenecity of this fungus was established and has been the subject
of a companion paper by Reitsma and Slooff (1950).

Cylindrocladium Morgan
in Bot. Gaz. 17: 191. 1892 mutatis charact.

Candelospora Hawley apud Eea & Hawley in Proc. R. Irish Acad. 31 (13) :
11. 1912.

Aerial mycelium well developed, at first white and cottony, later
on achieving some shade of brown in the center. Submerged mycelium
brown to red-brown, with numerous chlamydospores either in chains or
irregularly arranged. Large compact masses of chlamydospores giving
rise to sclerotial bodies. Conidiophores erect, dichotomously branched
near the apex, the ultimate branches bearing the phialides, the main axis
mostly forming a long, unbranched thread terminating in a globose to
club-shaped apex. In some species this torch-like structure, characteristic
for our genus, is often only to be found in a limited number of the con-
idiophores. Conidia solitary on the phialides, cylindrical, one to many-sep-
tate, mostly glued together by a colourless substance. In germinating the
conidia may anastomose freely.

In order to get a description of the cultural characters of our species,
we started cultures in petri-dishes with toge-agar. They were then studied
seven days after inoculation, especially on the reverse, where the colours
show most clearly. The colour notes were made with the aid of R. Ridg- '
way's "Color standards and color nomenclature," Washington, 1912.



54 REINWARDTIA
[VOL. 1 1950] BOEDUN & REITSMA: The genus Cylindrocladium 55

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CYLINDROCLADIUM

1. Conidia 1-septate
•2. Conidia 15—21 x 2—3µ, 1. C.parvum
2. Conidia much longer

3. Conidia slightly bent 2. C.curvatum
3. Conidia straight

4. Conidia 50—58 X 5—6 µ 3. C.scoparium
4. Conidia 60—131 X 4.5—6µ, 4. C.macrosporum

1. Conidia 3—5-septate
5. Conidia 3-septate

6. Conidia 43—48 X 4—4.8 µ, 5. C. oitri
6. Conidia 49—69 X 4.5—6µ 6. C.ilicicola

5. Conidia 5-septate 7. C. quinqueseptatum

1. Cylindrocladium parvum Anderson in Mass. Agric. Exp. Sta.
Bull. No. 183: 37. 1919..

Conidiophores erect, about 200 µ, long, 2.5—4µ. broad at the base,
septate, dichotomously branched near the apex; primary branches 14—30
X 2.5—3 µ.; secondary branches 15—17 X 2 µ ; ultimate branches bearing
2—4 phialides which are 11—14 X 2—2.5µ.; main axis mostly forming
a long thread 1.5—2.5 µ. broad, terminating in a club-shaped part, 25—36
X 4—5 µ.; this thread is distinctly thick-walled except for a small part
near the base and the club-like swelling, which are thin-walled. Conidia
cylindrical, 1-septate, with rounded poles 15—21 x 2—3 µ..

Culture about 8 cm in diameter. Border rather sharp, white, very
finely radiating, 5—7 mm broad. The rest of the colony is brown, between
tawny and ochraceous tawny, with a number of narrow, concentrical zones
and distinctly radially arranged, darker fibers. In the center granular,
caused by sclerotial bodies.

HABITAT.—On dead stems and roots of roses, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
-— On male flowers of Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr., March 1949,
Bogor. Culture B.R. Nr. 34-/49 deposited in the collection of the "Centraal
Bureau voor Schimmelcultures," Baarn, Netherlands.

From the "Centraal Bureau voor Schimmelcultures," Baarn, we receiv-
ed an original culture of this species. Unfortunately it formed only a
few conidia, whereas we did not find any conidiophores. In the following
subcultures this strain became wholly sterile.

Nevertheless we consider our isolation from Java identical with the
American material as the conidia neatly agree in their dimensions, and
the colours on the reverse are showing the same arrangement.

Often rather large numbers of the conidia are not septated.

2. Cylindrocladium curvatum Boedijn & Reitsma nov. spec.
Conidiophoris 200—250 p. longis, basi 4—5µ, latis, apicem versus

dichotome ramosis; rami primarii 25—31 X 2.5—4 µ., secundarii 9—12.5
X 2—2.5 µ., rami ultimi 2—4 phialides gerentes, 7.5—10 X 2.5µ.; axis

principalis plerumque continuus ca 2.5 µ. latus, apice globose, 6—7 X 5 µ..
Conidia leviter tamen distincte curvata, cylindrica, 1-septata, 40—46 X
3— 4 µ .

Conidiophores 200—250 µ. long, 4—5 µ. broad near the base, septate,
dichotomously branched near the apex; primary branches 25—31 X
2.5—-4µ; secondary branches 9—12.5 X 2—2.5 µ.; ultimate branches
bearing 2—4 phialides, which are 7.5—10 X 2.5µ,; main axes mostly

forming a long thread about 2.5 i* broad, terminat-
ing in a portion of 6—7 X 5 µ.. Conidia cylindrica],
distinctly bent, 1-septate, 40—46 X 3—4 µ..

Culture showing on the reverse a brown
colour formed by numerous chlamydospores and
sclerotial bodies, which are distinctly radially
arranged.

HABITAT.—-On leaves of seedlings of Hibiscus
Sabdariffa L., Bogor, March 1941.

Unfortunately our culture was lost and the
species not found again. The species, however, is
easy to recognize on account of its slightly bent
conidia.

FIG.

scoparium Morgan in

Conidio-

3. Cylindrocladium
Bot. Gaz. 17: 191. 1892.

Diploeladium cylindrosporum Ell. & Everh. in Bull.
Torrey Bot. Cl. 27: 58. 1900.

Cylindrocladium pitheeolobii Petch in Ann. R. Bot.
Gard. Peradeniya 6: 244. 1917.

Conidiophores up to 0.5 mm high, 7.5 µ. broad
near the base, dichotomously branched near the
apex; primary branches 21—45 X 5—7 µ., secon-
dary branches 16—20 X 3.5—5 µ., tertiary bran-
ches, if present, 7—12 X 3—4µ.; ultimate branches
bearing 2—4 phialides, which are 6—10 X 3—4 µ.;
main axis mostly forming a long thread 2.5—3.5 µ.
broad, terminating into a club-shaped swelling
19—22 X 8—10 µ.. Conidia cylindrical with round-
ed poles, 1-septate, 50—58 X 5—6µ..

Culture about 3.5 cm in diameter with irreg-
ular, white margin about 3 mm broad. The re-
maining part brown, between chestnut brown and
hazel. This part finely radially striate on account
of thin, darker fibers. Central portion, moreover,

granular on account of abundant sclerotial bodies. Sometimes a few, very
indistinct, concentrical zones are formed.

HABITAT.—On seedlings of Sesbania sesban (L.) Britt., February
1941, Bogor. Culture B.R. Nr. 30/48 deposited in the collection of the
"Centraal Bureau voor Schimmelcultures," Baarn, Netherlands.

phore of Cylindrocladium
ilicicola. The main axis
forms a long thread, ter-
minating in a globose
swelling. — The various
types of swelling occur-
ring in the various spe-
cies of Cylindrocladium
are from left to right:
6, C. quinqueseptatum;
e, C. curvatum; d, C.
scoparium; C. ilicicola;
e, C. parvum.



56 R E I N W A R D T I A
[VOL. 1

PIG. 2. Conidia of the described species of Cylindrocladium. From
left to right: a, C. quinqueseptatum; b, C. ilicicola; c, C. macrosporum;
d, C. scoparium; e, C. curvatum; f, C. parviim with one and non-
septate conidia.

4. Cyiindrocladium macrosporum Sherbakoff in Phytopathology 18:
222. 1928.

Mycelium, conidiophores and conidia hyaline. Conidiophores erect,
usually with one, two or more side-branches, each ending in two, three
or more slightly curved, cyme-forming sterigmata; some of the branches,
instead of producing sterigmata, give rise to very long usually terminal
hyphae, which are slightly swollen at the tip; on the sterigmata are pro-
duced singly, long, cylindrical, straight, obtuse, often at the ends slightly
swollen and at their base somewhat narrower 1-septate conidia, which
are apparently glued together with a soluble, colourless substance, so
that when placed in water they separate easily. The conidia in strain 1
from seedling palm leaves, measures 103.8 X 5.35 µ (71—131 X 5.15—
5.94 µ) and those in strain 2 from leaf-spots of mature palm, measure
82 X 5.25µ (60—105 X 4.5—6.2µ). Description after Sherbakoff.

The fungus in culture, especially in old cultures, usually produces
chlamydospores in clusters and chains and some minute, submerged, brown
sclerotia, though the latter were never observed to be so numerous and
dark as in C. scoparium. The colour of the species on the same media is
noticeably lighter than that of C. scoparium and is free from the red
colour of the latter species observed in some cultures.

HABITAT.—Found in Florida, U.S.A., on leaves of "Washingtonia
robosta Parish," causing leaf-spots.

Sherbakoff also depicts conidia with 2—3 crosswalls, without men-
tioning this in his description.

1950] BOEDIJN & REITSMA: The genus Cylindrocladium 57

In a culture obtained by us from the "Centraal Bureau voor Schim-
melcultures," Baarn, we also found several conidia with three septae.
Our measurements are 66—82 X 5—6 µ.. It seems therefore that this
species is a transitional form between the species with two-septate and
those with many-septate conidia.

Culture 7 cm in diameter with very irregular, floccose, white-colour-
ed margin, 1 cm broad. Remaining portion also with an irregular delimit-
ation, brown, between tawny and ochraceous tawny, radially striate on
account of darker fibers.

5. Cylindrocladium citri (Fawcett & Klotz) Boedijn & Reitsma nov.
comb.

Candelospora citri Fawcett & Klotz in Mycologia 29: 213, 1937.

Conidiophores 14—23 µ in length, occurring singly or severally
on a torch-like hypha which terminates in a swollen cell. Fructification
beyond the conidiophore 83—93 u, divided into rami, metulae, and sterig-
mata producing conidia. Conidia 3-septate, cylindrical, obtuse at the ends,
43—48 X 4.1—4.8 µ. Torch-like projection 240—275µ long and 5—6 µ
wide at the base and 2.5—3 JA wide at the narrowest point, with swollen
ends which are 19—21 X 11—12.5 µ. NO mucus was observed on Citrus-
fruits or on glucose-potato agar. — Described from cultures on glucose-
potato agar. Description after Fawcett and Klotz.

On glucose-potato agar the fungus produces an abundant fluffy
cottony growth, both in the media and in the air. Viewed from the top,
the colour matched Ridgway's cinnamon rufous to hazel; seen from the
underside the colour was found to vary from hazel to Kaiser brown, to
hay russet and liver brown.

HABITAT.—On decaying fruits of Citrus sinensis Osbeck in Florida,
U.S.A.

6. Cylindrocladium ilicicola (Hawley) Boedijn & Reitsma nov. comb.
Candelospora ilicicola Hawley avud Rea & Hawley in Proc. R. Irish Acad.

31 (13) : 11. 1912.

Conidiophores 170—350 µ long, 5—6 µ bioad near the base, dichotom-
ously branched near the apex; primary branches 22—25 X 4—5.5 µ;
secondary branches 10—25 X 2.5—4µ; tertiary, if present, 9—14 X
2.5—4µ; ultimate branches bearing 2—4 phialides, which are 8—16 X
3—4 µ ; main axis often forming a long, 2.5—3 µ broad thread, terminating
in a globose swelling which is 5—8 JA in diameter. Conidia cylindrical, with
1—3, mostly 3, crosswalls, 49—69 X 4.5—6 µ

Culture about 8 cm in diameter with a sharp, white edge about 1 cm
wide. Remaining part brown, between tawny and zinc orange, with a
few, 3—4 mm broad, concentric zones of a darker colour. This part finely
radially striate and with central portion granular through the formation
of sclerotial bodies.



58 R E I N W A R D T I A
[VOL. 1 1950] BOEDIJN & REITSMA: The genus Cylindrocladium 69

HABITAT.—On potato tubers, Bogor, February 1948. Culture B.R.
Nr. 9/49 deposited in the collection of the "Centraal Bureau voor Schim-
melcultures," Baarn, Netherlands. Type from Clare Island, Ireland, on
dead leaves of Ilex aquifolia L.

Type material received from Dr J. Ramsbottom.
In our cultures in Petri-dishes numerous, orange-coloured perithecia

were formed. This perfect fructification is a species of Calonectria De
Not., the description of which is given below.

Calonectria ilicicola Boedijn & Reitsma nov.spec.
Perithecia aurantiacis, ovoideis vel ellipticis, ostio papilliformibus,

400—500 µ. altis, 320—370 µ latis; ostiurn 45—80 µ. diam. Paries perithecii
pseudoparenchymataceus, cellulis exsertis scabratus; cellulae 11—30 µ.

altae. Cellulae circumostiolares
minores, in orbis concentricis
positae. Asci clavati, longe stip-
itati, pariete tenuissimi 8 spor-
is, 110—140 X 16—18µ., stipite
3—4 µ. lati, sporae irregulariter
fasciculatae. Sporis fusoideis,
leviter curvatis vel inaequilater-
alibus, intus granulatis in medio
septatis, non vel vix constrictis,
relictis ascis 4—6, plerumque
4-cellulatis, 38—57 X 5—7 µ
Paraphyses 0.

Perithecia oval to elliptical,
of an orange colour and provid-
ed with a papillate ostiolum,
400—500 µ high, 320—370 µ
broad; ostiolum 45—80 µ in dia-
meter. Perithecial wall pseudo-
parenchymatic, the individual
cells 11—30 µ. long; this wall
distinctly rough on account of
projecting cells; round the por-
us there are a number of con-
centric rings of much smaller
cells. Asci club-shaped, long-
stalked and very thin-walled, 8-
spored, 110—140 X 16—18

FIG. 3. Calconectria ilicicola: a, perithecium,
b, asci, and c, ascospores.

stalk 3—4 µ broad. Paraphyses absent. Spores irregularly crowded, fusoid,
faintly bent or unequal-sided, with granular contents, 2-celled, hardly
constricted at the septum, 38—57 X 5—7µ. The extruded spores becoming
4—6-, mostly 4-celled. They readily germinate in water, even in the 2-
celled stage, by forming a germtube at each pole.

HABITAT.—This perfect state developed in cultures of Cylindrocla-
dium ilicicola (Hawley), isolated from potato tubers by Boedijn and Reits-
ma, Bogor, February 1948. Type culture B.R. 9/49 deposited in the col-
lection of the "Centraal Bureau voor Schimmelcultures," Baarn, Nether-
lands.

7. Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum Boedijn & Reitsma nov. spec.
Conidiophores usque ad 0.5 mm longis, basi 5—6µ, latis, apicem versus

dichotome ramosis; rami primarii 22—31 X 3.5—5µ; secundarii 17—21
X 3—3.5 µ.; tertiarii 15—17 X 2—µ,; rami ultimi 2—4 phialides geren-
tes, 11—12 X 2—3 µ; axis principalis interdum continuus, ca 2 µ, latus,
ad apicem gradatim expandens, leviter clavatus 12 X 2.5—3 µ.. Conidia
recta, cylindrica, polis rotundatis 3—6- plerumque 5-septatis, 75—106 X
5—7 µ.

Conidiophores up to 0.5 mm long, 5—8 µ. broad near the base, dicho-
tomously branched near the apex; primary branches 22—31 X 3.5—5 µ,,
secondary branches 17—21 X 3—3.5µ,, tertiary branches, if present,
15—17 X 2 — 3 µ ; ultimate branches bearing 2—4 phialides, which are
11—12 X 2—3 µ.; main axis sometimes forming a long thread about 2µ.
broad, terminating gradually into a club-shaped part, which is 12 X
2.5—3 µ. Conidia cylindrical, with rounded poles and 3—6, mostly 5, cross-
walls, 75—106 X 5—7µ. In germinating, the conidia form many mutual
anastomoses.

Culture 8.5—9 cm in diameter. Edge white, 5—7 mm broad, of a loose
texture. Remaining part brown, between tawny and zinc orange. Typically
radially striate through darker fibers; moreover, with some indistinct
concentric zones.

HABITAT.—On leaves of clove seedlings (Syzygium aromaticum (L.)
Merr. & Perry), February 1941, Tjiomas near Bogor. Type culture B.R.
Nr. 31/48 deposited in the "Centraal Bureau voor Schimmelcultures,"
Baarn, Netherlands.

LITERATURE

ANDERSON, P. J. (1919) : Rose canker and its control. Mass. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bull. No.
183: 11-46 11 figs. pis. 1-3.

ELLIS, J. B. and B. M. EVERHART (1900) : New species of fungi from various localities,
with notes on some published species. Bull. Torrey Bot. Cl. 27: 49-64.

FAWCETT, H. S. and L. J. KLOTZ (1937) : A new species of Candelospora causing decay
of Citrus fruits. Mycologia 29: 207-215 6 figs.

JAUCH, C. (1943) : La presencia de Cylindrocladium scoparium en la Argentina. Rev.
Argent. Agron. 10: 355-360 2 figs. 2 pis.

MASSEY, L. M. (1917): The crown canker disease of rose. Phytopathology 7: 408-417

MORGAN, A. P. (1892) : Two new genera of Hyphomycetes. Bot. Gaz. 17: 190-191 2 figs.
FETCH, T. (1917) : Additions to Ceylon fungi. Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Peradeniya 6: 195-256.
REA, C. and H. C. HAWLEY (1912) : Clare Island Survey. Part 13. Fungi. Proc. R.

Irish Acad. 31 (13) : 1-26 1 pi.
REITSMA, J. and W. CH. SLOOFP (1950) : Leaf diseases of clove seedlings, caused by

Gloeosporium piperatum E. & E. and Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum



60
R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 1

Boedijn et Reitsma. Contr. Gen. Agr. Res. Sta. Bogor No. 109: 50-59 3 figs.

. D. (1928): Washington* palmleaf spot due to Cylindrocladium ma-

cherry layers. Journ. Pomol. 20: 80-83 1 pi.
(1944) : A Cylindrocladium as the cause of a shoot wilt of v a r i e s o f plum
and cherry used for rootstocks. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 27: 71-80 3 figs,
pis. 5-8.

REINWARDTIA

Published by Herbarium Bogoriense, Kebun Raya Indonesia
Volume 1, Part 1, pp. 61-66 (1950)

NOTE SUR LES GENRES PALEOTROPICAUX AFZELIA,
INTSIA ET PAHUDIA

(Legum.-Caesalp.)

par

J. J. G. LEONARD *

S U M M A R Y

1. Afzelia, Intsia, Pahudia, and Afrafzelia are very close to each other and
not well defined genera.

2. Intsia is a good genus, but the three, other ones are congeneric with each
other.

3. Afzelia Smith is a nomen conservandum and, therefore, must be maintained
against Pahudia, generally used in Asiatic and Malaysian floras.

4. An enumeration of all species of Afzelia is given. In this connection some
new combinations are made.

1. Parmi les Leguminosae-Caesalpinieae-Amherstieae existent des
arbres, repandus en Afrique, en Asie et en Malaisie, dont les fleurs sont
caracterisees par la presence d'un grand petale onguicule, les 4 autres
etant rudimentaires ou nuls ainsi que par des staminodes en nombre
variable. Ces arbres ont ete ranges dans les genres Afzelia Smith (1),
Intsia Thouars (2), Pahudia Miq. (3) et Afrafzelia Pierre (4) qui presentent
entre eux d'etroites affinites et au sujet des delimitations desquels les
avis ont ete tres partages. C'est ainsi que de nombreuses especes ont ete
classees dans l'un ou l'autre genre selon les auteurs [ex.: Afzelia africana
Smith ex Pers., Intsia africana (Smith ex Pers.) O. Kuntze, Afrafzelia
africana (Smith ex Pers.) Pierre et Pahudia africana (Smith ex Pers.)
Prain] ! La situation s'est compliquee du fait de l'existence de deux genres
Afzelia anterieurs a celui de Smith: Afzelia Ehrhart (5) et Afzelia Gmelin
(6).

2. Examinons tout d'abord les differences existant entre les genres
Afzelia Smith, Intsia Thouars et Pahudia Miq.

Le genre Intsia, repandu de la Polynesie a Madagascar, se caracterise
par ses etamines fertiles libres au nombre de 3 seulement et par ses graines
non arillees. Les genres Afzelia (Afrique) et Pahudia (Asie, Malaisie),
par contre, possedent 7 etamines fertiles et des graines arillees; chez le
premier, les filets sont libres tandis que chez Pahudia (d'apres la descrip-

* I.N.E.A.C, Bruxelles.

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