106

Callicarpa 86
Geunsia 86
Petraea 86
Premna 86

R E I N W A K D T I A
[VOL. 1

INDEX

m i - i o d e n d r o n 75-78, 79, 85 86, 88
89,92,96, 103; sect. Plurifoholatae 75,

78 80- sect. Unifoliolatae 75, 78, W,
95; ahernianum 75, 77, 79, 84,86; auri-
* . 94; bogoriense ^ 7 J 9 80, 85,

88 90 93; coriaceum 75, 79, 80, 81 , 8Z,
•83*; 'glabrum 88-90; hollrungii 75, 77,
79 95, 99, 103-105; holophyllum 75, 80,
96 97' 98*, 99; longifolium 75, 89; mo-
no'phyllum 75, 76, 103, 104; novogui-
neense 75, 79, 80, 103; pteropodum 75,
77 79 92-94; var. auriculatum 75, /»,
94- sa'rawakanum 75, 80, 99, 100, 101*;
simplicifolium 75, 79, 95, 96; smilaci-
folium75, 79, 95, 96; spec. 7 9 , 9 5 ; s u b -
spicatum 75, 79, 96, 99, 103, 104.

Vitex 76-79, 86, 96, 100; sect. Agnus-
Castus 78; sect. A.-C, Axillares 79,
100; sect. A.-C, Terminates 79 100;
aherniana 77, 84-86; bankae 75, 84,
86-88- bogoriensis 75, 84, 86-88; clar-
keana 103, 104; cofassus 104; coriacea
80- curranii 84, 85; flabelhflora 88-90;
U r w 7 5 , 7 6 , 9 7 , 9 9 , 1 0 3 , 1 0 4 ; h o l o -

phylla 75, 97; koordersii 75, 92-94; lon-
gifolia 89; merrillii 88; novoguineensis
103- peralata 92; philippinensts 92;
pteropoda 77, 92; punctata 104; sara-
wajcana 100; simplicifolia Clarke 103;
simplicifolia Oliver 103, smdacxfoha
95, 96; subspicata 75, 99, ^ ' ^
gona 75, 100, 102; venosa 75, 80, 82,
84- unifoliolata 104.

Xerocarpa 75, 77, 85, 86; avicenniaefo-

liola 75, 76, 84-86.

R E I N W A R D T I A

Published by Herbarium Bogoriense, Kebun Raya Indonesia
Volume 1, Part 2, pp. 107-170 (1951)

THE GENUS VIBURNUM (CAPRIFOLIACEAE) IN MALAYSIA

J. H. KERN *

SUMMARY

1. In the following pages an account of the genus Viburnum in Malaysia is
presented.

2. The distribution of its species is briefly discussed and a map relating to it
added.

3. The main part of the present paper consists of keys to the sections and
species, followed by a systematic treatment of the 16 species admitted for the region.

4. Three new subsections are proposed, viz. Viburnum subsect. Punctata Kern,
subsect. Sambucina Kern, and subsect. Lutescentia Kern. Viburnum subseries Coriacea
Maxim, is reduced to the rank of a subsection.

5. Three species and two varieties are described as new, viz. Viburnum ampli-
ficatum Kern, V. clemensae Kern, V. hispidulum Kern, V. coriaceum, var. longiflorutn
Kern, and V. sambucinum var. subglabrum Kern.

6. The following species are reduced to the rank of varieties: Viburnum flori-
bundum Merr. has become V. luzonicum var. floribundum (Merr.) Kern, and V. sinu-
atum Merr. has become V. luzonicum var. sinuatum (Merr.) Kern.

7. The following reductions'to synonymy are made: Viburnum longistamineum
Ridl. to V. sambucinum- var. subglabrum Kern; V. sumatranum Miq., V.villosum
Ridl., and V. inopinatum Craib all to V. sambucinum var. tovientosum Hallier f.;
V. forbesii Fawc. partly to V. sambucimim Bl., partly to V. coriaceum BL; and
V. zippelii Miq. to V. japonicum (Thunb.) Spr.

8. Emended descriptions of Viburnum beccarii Gamble and of V. junghuhnii
Miq. are given.

INTRODUCTION

In the present paper I have tried to give a critical survey of the
Malaysian material of Viburnum, put at my disposal by the Directions
of the following herbaria:

Herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Jamaica
plain, Mass. (U.S.A.) (A) ;

Herbarium Bogoriense, Kebun Raya Indonesia, Bogor (B) ;
The Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (G) ;
Rijksherbarium (National Herbarium), Leiden (L) ;
Herbarium of the Botanic Gardens, Singapore (S) ;
Botanisch Museum & Herbarium (Herbarium of the State University),

Utrecht (U).

Botanist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Kebun Raya Indonesia.

— 107 —



1951] KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia 109

ceum, and moreover, the rare V. punctatum, V. beccarii, and V. junghuhnii.
With Mount Kinabalu as a centre, Borneo possesses a number of endemics,
of which up to the present four are known: V. amplificatum, V. clemen-
sae, V. hispidulum, and V. vernicosum. V. sambucinum inhabits the largest
area, spreading over the Malay Peninsula and almost the whole of the
Malay Archipelago, inclusive of the Lesser Sunda Islands and the Mo-
luccas. The area of V. lutescens is nearly equal, reaching as far as Borneo
and the western Lesser Sunda Islands Bali and Lombok. That of V. coria-
ceum is more restricted; in Malaysia this species occurs only in Sumatra,
Java, and the Lesser Sunda Islands. V. punctatum, practically confined
to the Asiatic continent, possesses an exclave in North Sumatra. V. beccarii

1. The distribution of the Malaysian species of Viburnum. The numbers are
those of the species in this paper.

only known from the Malay Peninsula and the northern half of Suma-
tra ; V. junghuhnii from a few localities in Sumatra and Java. None of
these species reaches the Philippines.



110 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 1

The northern group inhabits the Philippines. The three species of
the 'glaberrimum'-group (V. glaberrimum, V. platyphyllum, and V. cornu-
tidens) are apparently endemics. Of the other Philippine species of
Viburnum, which also occur in China, Formosa, etc., V. odoratissimum
reaches Celebes, and V. luzonicum, Buru. It is only in these two islands
that the southern and the northern group overlap somewhat. V. propin-
quum has penetrated from the Asiatic continent only as far as Luzon.

About the polymorphy of the genus only a few remarks will be made.
The widely distributed species show an astonishing plasticity. All the
numerous attempts to divide these agglomerates into smaller units I
consider as failures. In my opinion the way out of the difficulties will
not be found merely by morphological researches. The polymorphy even
goes so far, that the usually widely differing V. sambucinum and V. coria-
ceum show a surprising similarity at the boundary of their area in the
Lesser Sunda Islands, which at the same time is the boundary of the
area of the genus. Especially the shape of the corolla proves to be of
comparatively small taxonomical value. The tubular corolla of V. coria-
ceum, in Sumatra often 6 mm long, has here become short; the campanul-
ate corolla of V. sambucinum on the other hand has become slightly tubul-
ar by lengthening of the tube which is here even distinctly longer than
the lobes.

The filaments of the Malaysian species are usually described as in-
serted at the base of the corolla. As to V. odoratissimum and V. coriaceum.
this is certainly incorrect, while also in V. junghuhnii the lower part of
the filaments is adnate to the corolla.

Since Oersted's work on the genus much importance has correctly
been attached to the shape of the endocarp. Its taxonomical value should
indeed not be underestimated, although the number of the grooves cannot
always easily be decided. Except with V. propinquum, the endocarp is
always dorsiventrally compressed in the Malaysian species. Besides, it is
either undulate (two dorsal, one or three ventral grooves) or inflexed. In
the inflexed endocarp the ventral side becomes internal. The endocarp of
V. junghuhnii and V. amplificatum is both undulate and inflexed and so
shows a two-lobed intrusion.

Up till now too little attention has been paid to the presence or
absence of pitted glands at the leaves, especially of the deep pits at the
base of the blade. With V. beccarii and V. vernicosum the presence of the
glands is very characteristic. Thus, V. hispidulum can always be distin-
guished from V. vernicosum by the absence of glandular pits. The margin-

1951]
KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia

111

al glands in V. propinquum, mentioned nowhere, I have not met with
in any other species of Viburnum.

As an elaboration of the whole genus is still wanting, the subdivision
of the genus is as yet insufficient. Particularly the section Thyrsosma
is rather heterogeneous and further division would be highly desirable.
The scheme of the Malaysian sections given below corresponds mainly
to that of Render.

VIBURNUM L.

Viburnum Linnaeus, Spec. PI. 267. 1753; D. Don, Prodr. Fl. nepal. 141, 1825;
Blume, Bijdr. 13: 655. 1826; De Candolle, Prodr. 4: 323. 1830; Miquel, Fl. Ind. bat.
2: 119. 1856; Hooker f. & Thomson in J. linn. Soc. (Bot.) 2: 174. 1858; Miquel, Fl. Ind.
bat., Suppl.: 213, 537. 1860; Oersted in Vid. Meddel. Kjobenh. 1860: 267. 1861 (incl. gen.
Megalotinus, Microtinus, Oreinotinus, Solenotinus, Tinus); Brandis, For. Fl. 257.
1874; Bentham & Hooker, Gen. Plant. 2 (2): 3. 1876; Clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Brit.
Ind. 3: 3. 1880; Maximowicz, Mel. biol. 10: 644. 1880; Fritsch in Engler & Prantl,
Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4: 4. Abt.: 163. 1891; Boerlage, Handl. Fl. Ned.-Ind. 2 (2) : 3. 1891;
Trimen, Handb. Fl. Ceyl. 2: 288. 1894; Koorders & Valeton, Bijdr. Booms. Java 5:
36. 1900; Graebner in Bot. Jb. 29: 584. 1901; Gamble in King & Gamble in 3.
Asiat. Soc. Bengal 72 (2): 112. 1903; Render in Sargent, Trees and Shrubs 2: —.
1908; Render in Sargent, PL Wils. 1: 106. 1911; Hallier f. in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 14:
35. 1912; Hayata, Ic. PL form. 2: 68. 1912; Koorders, Exkursionsfl. Java 3: 285.
1912; Hayata, Ic. PL form. 4: 12. 1914; Koorders, FL Tjibodas 3 (2): 37. 1918;
Hayata, Ic. PL form. 8: 34. 1919; 9: 41. 1920; Merrill, Bibl. Enum. Bornean PL 582.
1921; Nakai in J. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 42 (2) : 14. 1921; Danguy in Lecomte, Fl. gen.
Indo-Ch. 3: 4. 1922; Merrill, Enum. Philip, fl. PL 3: 577. 1923; Ridley, Fl. Mai. Pen.
2: 1. 1923; Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. 2: 1. 1932; Merrill in Contr. Arn. Arb. 8: 164.
1934; Corner, Wayside Trees Mai. 183. 1940.

Evergreen or deciduous, erect or sprawling shrubs or small trees.
Leaves opposite, petiolate, simple, entire or serrate-dentate or trifid,
pinnately or palmately nerved; stipules on the petiole or (in the Malaysian
species) absent. Inflorescence terminal, compound, corymbiform or pani-
culate, primary rays usually whorled, flowers cymosely arranged; bracts
and bracteoles usually small, caducous. Flowers actinomorphous, herma-
phrodite, the marginal ones sometimes (not in Malaysia) radiant, neutral.
Calyx 5-lobed or 5-partite. Corolla white, creamy or pink, rotate, cam-
panulate, hypocrateriform or tubular; lobes 5, imbricate in bud. Stamens
5, adnate to the corolla, alternate with the corolla-lobes; filaments narrow,
attenuate towards the apex; anthers dorsifix, versatile, longitudinally
dehiscent. Ovary inferior, 1-celled; ovule anatropous, pendulous from the
aPex, solitary; style short, conical; stigmas 3, often connate. Fruit a
drupe, crowned by the persistent calyx and style, 1-seeded; endocarp
horny or stony, in cross-section often undulate or with inflexed edges;
albumen often ruminate.



112 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 1

DISTRIBUTION. — Large genus; several hundred, often polymorphous,
species in Europe, Asia, and America; 16 species in Malaysia.

USES. — None of the Malaysian species are known to be of importance
economically.

CONSPECTUS SECTIONUM ET SUBSECTIONUM MALESIANARUM

GENERIS VlBURNI

1. Folia integra, dentata vel serrata, nervis primariis anastomosantibus; drupa nigra.
2. Drupa baccata, endocarpio et semine valde compressis; albumen haud vel vix

ruminatum.
3. Endocarpium utrimque sulcatum, marginibus haud incurvatis. (Spec. 1—10).

Sect. Idegalotinus (Maxim.) Rehd.
4. Corolla tubulosa; filamenta aestivatione implicata. (Spec. 1—5, typus: V. coria-

ceum Blume.) Subsect. Coriacea (Maxim.) Kern, subsect. nov.
4. Corolla rotato-campanulata.
5. Partes juniores dense lepidotulae. Filamenta aestivatione implicata. (Spec. 6,

typus: V. punctatum Ham. ex D. Don.). Subsect. Punctata Kern, subsect. nov.
5. Planta haud lepidotula.
6. Folia integra; filamenta longa, aestivatione serpentinif ormia. (Spec. 7—9,

typus: V. sambucinum Bl.) . . . . Subsect. Sambucina Kern, subsect. nov.
6. Folia serrata; filamenta brevia, aestivatione implieata. (Spec. 10, typus: V.lu-

tescens Bl.) Subsect. Lutescentia Kern, subsect. nov.
3. Endocarpium marginibus incurvatis. (Spec. 11—14.) Sect. Thyrsosma (Raf.) Rehd.

2. Drupa achenoidea, endocarpio et semine ovoideis, haud compressis; albumen valde
ruminatum. (Spec. 15.) Sect. Tinus Maxim.

1. Folia dentata, nervis primariis in dentes abeuntibus. Drupa rubra, endocarpio com-
presso obsolete sulcato. (Spec. .16.) . ' Sect. Odontotinus Rehd.

KEY TO THE MALAYSIAN SPECIES OP VIBURNUM—I

Chiefly according to the characters of the flowers

The flowers of V. amplificatum, V. cornutidens, and V. clernensae being unknown,
these species have been omitted.
1. Leaves triple-nerved. Tube of the corolla hairy within. Philippines.

15. V. propinquum
1. Leaves penninerved. Tube of the corolla glabrous within:
2. Corolla squamulose without. All young parts densely covered with minute rusty-

coloured, peltate scales. Leaves entire, the under side at first densely covered
with minute scales, later on densely punctulate. Sumatra. . . . 6. V. punctatum

2. Corolla quite glabrous or pubescent without, sometimes gland-dotted, but not squam-
ulose. Young parts without peltate scales:

3. Corolla pubescent without, rotate, the tube very short, about 0.5 mm long, the
lobes 1 mm. Filaments 1.5—2 mm long. Young branchlets ferrugineous-pubescent.
Philippines and Moluccas 16. V. luzonicum

3. Corolla glabrous or gland-dotted without, the tube at least 1 mm long:
4. Filaments adnate to the throat of the corolla. Corolla shortly salvershaped-cam-

panulate, the limb horizontally spreading, finally reflexed, the tube 2—3 mm

1951] KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia 113

long, the lobes 2 mm. Higher mountain regions of the Philippines and Celebes.
13. V. odoratissimum

4. Filaments adnate to the base or the tube of the corolla. Shape of the corolla
different:

5. Ovary pubescent. Corolla glabrous, the tube 1—1.5 mm long, the lobes 1—2 mm.
Filaments 5—7(—9) mm long. Leaves large, 10—25 by 5-—10 cm, coriaceous,
entire. Malay Peninsula, Greater and Lesser Sunda Islands, Moluccas.

7. V. sambucinum
5. Ovary not pubescent:
6. Corolla distinctly tubular, the tube at least 3 times as long as the lobes, the

latter about 1 mm, erect:
7. Leaves quite entire, the under side with a distinct glandular pit at the base

on both sides of the midrib, the apex obtuse or shortly and bluntly acuminate.
Filaments inserted at the base of the corolla, 7—8 mm long. Malay Peninsula
and Sumatra '. 2. V. beccarii

7. Leaves usually distinctly dentate, sometimes nearly entire, the under side
bearded in the nerve-axils, but without glandular pits at the base, the apex
mostly gradually long-acuminate. Filaments usually about 4 mm long, if
longer, inserted 2—3 mm above the base of the corolla. Greater and Lesser
Sunda Islands 1. V. coriaceum

6. Corolla not distinctly tubular, the tube less than 3 times as long as the lobes,
the latter usually more than 1 mm long:

8. Inflorescence shortly pyramidal, paniculate. Corolla rotate-campanulate, the
tube about 1 mm long. Filaments 2—3 mm long:

9. Leaves thinly coriaceous. Corolla 2—2.5 mm long, rarely almost 3 mm.
Filaments inserted near the base of the corolla. W. Malaysia, between 500
and 1500 m altitude, sometimes up to 2300 m 10. V. lutescens

9. Leaves manifestly coriaceous. Corolla 3 mm long. Filaments adnate to the
corolla 0.5—1 mm above the base. Without fruits hardly distinguishable
from V. lutescens. Higher mountain regions of Java and Sumatra (altitude
at least 2300 m) 11. V'. junghuhnii

8. Inflorescence' corymbiform. Tube of the corolla usually longer than 1 mm.
Filaments at least 6 mm long:

10. Filaments 6(—7) mm long, in bud with inflexed top:
11. Corolla shortly tubular-turbinate, globular in bud, the tube about 2 mm,

the lobes 1.5—2 mm. Leaves gradually long-acuminate. Philippines (Leyte).
4. V. platyphyllum

11. Corolla broad-tubular, obovoid in bud, the tube about 2.5 mm, the lobes
about 1.5 mm. Leaves obtuse or shortly and bluntly acuminate. Philippines
(Luzon, Mindanao) 3. V. glaberrimum

10. Filaments (8—)9—10 mm long, serpentine in bud:
12. Leaves dull, somewhat hispidulous, especially on the midrib and the

primary side-nerves at the under side, without glandular pits. Corolla
rotate-cupulate, the tube 1(—1.5) mm long, the lobes 2—2.5 mm. Borneo.

8. V. hispidulum
12. Leaves shining, glabrous, with distinct glandular pits at the base. Corolla

turbinate, the tube 2.5—3 mm long, the lobes 1.5—2 mm. Borneo.

9. V. vernicosum



114 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 1

KEY TO THE MALAYSIAN SPECIES OF VIBURNUM—II

For fructiferous specimens
(The numbers between brackets refer to Key I)

1. Leaves triple-nerved. Drupe nearly globose, 4—5 mm long, 4 mm wide (1).
15. V. propinquum

1. Leaves penninerved. Drupe not globose, usually compressed, if not, more than
5 mm long:

2. Endocarp with strongly incurved edges, the ventral side deeply intruding, em-
bracing an internal split or cavity:

3. Drupe oblong, 16 mm long, 7 mm wide. Internal cavity of the fruit bilobate in
cross-section. Leaves entire, glabrous, elliptic-oblong to slightly obovate, up to
26 cm long, 12—13 cm wide. Borneo 12. V. amplificatuvi

3. Drupe smaller:
4. Leaves minutely papillose-rugulose on both sides, entire. Ventral side of the

endocarp showing a narrow split, the central cavity at most 0.5 mm in diameter.
Borneo. . . 4 14. V. clemensae

4. Leaves smooth, usaally dentate or serrate. Ventral side of the endocarp amplect-
ing a cavity, which is circular or bilobate in cross-section and about 2 mm wide:

5. Fruit ovoid, 6—7 mm long, 4—5 mm wide. Internal cavity of the fruit nearly
circular in cross-section. Leaves dentate to nearly entire (4).

13. V. odoratissimum
5. Fruit obovoid, 7—9 mm long, 5—7 mm wide. Internal cavity of the fruit broad,

bilobate in, cross-section. Leaves closely crenate-dentate (9). 11. V. junghuhnii
2. Endocarp undulate in cross-section, i.e. with shallow grooves on both sides, but

wtithout an internal split or cavity:
6. Leaves quite entire:
7. All young parts densely covered with minute rusty-coloured peltate scales. Under

side of the leaves at first densely covered with minute scales, later on densely
punctulate. Fruit elliptic to somewhat obovoid, 9—11 by 6—7 mm (2).

6. V. punetatum
7. Young parts without peltate scales:
8. Ripe fruits small, 5—6(—6.5) mm long:
9. Leaves usually ovate-lanceolate, gradually long-acuminate. Fruit ovoid to

broad-ellipsoid, 6(—6.5) mm by 5—6 mm (7) 1. V. coriaceum
9. Leaves broader, ovate to obovate, obtuse or shortly and bluntly acuminate.

Fruit small, about 5 by 5 mm, ovate to nearly orbicular (11).
3. V. glaberrimum

8. Ripe fruits larger:1

10. Nerve-axils and also the leaf-base without glandular pits or spotty glands.
Leaves somewhat hispidulous beneath, especially on the midrib and the pri-
mary side-nerves. Young branchlets and axes of the infructescence glabrous
or sparingly hispidulous. Young fruits glabrous (12). . . 8. V. hispidulum

10. Nerve-axils and/or leaf-base at the under side glandular pitted or with
(sometimes indistinct) spotty glands. Midrib and primary side-nerves on the
under side glabrous or stellate-pubescent, not hispidulous:

1951] KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia 115

Without flowers hardly determinable!

11. Young branchlets densely rusty stellate-pubescent, axes of the infructescence
' also densely stellate-pubescent, though later on more or less glabrescent.

Young fruits thinly stellate-pubescent, soon glabrescent. Under side of the
leaves glabrous to softly villous, at the base with a (sometimes indistinct)
spotty gland on both sides of the midrib (5) 7. V. sambucinum

11. Young branchlets and axes of the infructescence glabrous to somewhat
stellate-pubescent, but not densely pubescent. Young fruits glabrous:

12. Leaves large, up to 22 cm long and 10 cm wide, ovate to oblong-ovate,
• i the apex gradually narrowing into the usually elongated and slender
™ acumen. Axils of the primary side-nerves and of the coarser secondary

nerves with shallowly sunken glands. Infructescence usually large, up to
18 cm across (11) . 4 . V. platyphyllum

12. Leaves smaller, obtuse or shortly and bluntly acuminate. Under side of
the leaves at the base on both sides of the midrib with a deeply intruding
glandular pit or a distinct spotty gland:

13. Young axes of the inflorescence brown stellate-pubescent, later on however
glabrescent. Young parts of the plant not vernicose. Primary side-nerves
at the under side of the leaves little prominent (7). . . . 2. V. beecarii

13. Inflorescence quite glabrous. Young parts of the plant very shining, ver-
nicose. Primary side-nerves at the under side of the leaves prominent (12).

9. V. vemicosum
6. Leaves dentate or serrate (sometimes superficially) :
14. Young leaves usually densely pubescent, later on more or less glabrescent, the

indument of the midrib however persistent. Leaves chartaceous, rarely sub-
coriaceous. Drupe ovate, much compressed, 5—7 mm long, 5—6 mm wide, when
ripe red (always?) (3) 16. V. luzonicum

14. Leaves more or less coriaceous, glabrous, sometimes bearded in the nerve-axils
on the under side. Drupe ripening purplish or bluish black:

15. Leaves thickly coriaceous, beneath with shallowly sunken glands in the nerve-
axils, the margins conspicuously corniculate-dentate. Drupe broadly ovate, 8
by 6—7 mm. Philippines (Luzon). 5. V. cornutidens

15. Not combining these characters:
16. Infructescence shortly paniculate. Fruit oblong-elliptic, 7—10 mm long, 4—5

mm wide, sometimes still larger (9) 10. V. lutescens
16. Infructescence corymbiform. Fruit more ovate or ovoid, smaller:
17. Leaves usually ovate-lanceolate, gradually long-acuminate, distinctly dent-

ate. Fruit 6(—6.5) mm long, 5—6 mm wide (7) 1. V. coriaceum
17. Leaves broader, ovate to obovate, obtuse or shortly and bluntly acuminate,

nearly entire. Fruit small, 5 by 5 mm (11) 3. V. glaberrimum
1. VIBURNUM CORIACEUM Bl.

Viburnum coriaceum Blume, Bijdr. 13: 656. 1826; De Candolle, Prodr. 4: 329.
1830; Hasskarl in Flora Bot. Ztg. 3: 242. 1845; Miquel, Fl. Ind. bat. 2: 120. 1856;
s « p p l : 213. 1860; Hooker f. & Thomson in J. linn. Soc. (Bot.) 2: 179. 1858; Oersted in
Vid. Meddel. Kjobenh. 1860: 300 t. 6 f. 5-6. 1861; Brandis, For. Fl. 259. 1874; Clarke in
Hooker £., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 5. 1880; ?Trimen, Handb. 2: 288. 1894; Koorders & Vale-
ton, Bijdr. Booms. Java 5: 38. 1900; Koorders in Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Ind. 60: 247.
1900; Koorders, Exkursionsfl. Java 3: 285. 1912; Elbert in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 12: 17.



116 R E I N W A R D T I A
[VOL. 1

1912; Hallier f. in Meded. Rijks-Herb. 14: 35. 1912; Koorders, PI. Tjibodas 3 (2):
37. 1918; Gamble, Fl. Madras 3: 576. 1919; Danguy in Lecomte, Fl. gen. Indo-Ch.
3: 8. 1922; Ridley in J. Mai. Br. roy. As. Soc. 1: 64. 1923; Moore in J. of Bot. 62:
Suppl.: 46. 1924; Hochreutiner in Candollea 5: 286. 1934.

Viburnum eylindricwrn Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. nep. 142. 1825, sensu
Render in Sargent, Trees and Shrubs 12: 112. 1908; in Sargent, PL Wils. 1: 110.
1911, pr.p.; Merrill in Contr. Arn. Arb. 8: 164. 1934.

Viburnum sp. aut var. V. forbesii Fawcett in Forbes, Nat. Wand. 507* 1885.

Evergreen, crooked shrub or small, often branchy tree, up to 15 m.
Trunk terete, knotted, without buttresses. Bark greyish or brownish,
lenticellate. Crown irregular, rather dense. Young parts thinly stellate-
pubescent. Branchlets greyish to reddish-brown, somewhat lenticellate.
Petioles channelled above, light green, up to 4 cm long. Leaf-blades more
or less coriaceous, somewhat shining, sometimes even as if varnished
and viscid, dark green above, pale green beneath, glabrous on the upper
side, often bearded in the nerve-axils on the under side, ovate to lanceol-
ate, 10—24 cm long, 4—8 cm wide; apex mostly gradually long-acumin-
ate, base rounded or somewhat acute and slightly decurrent on the
petiole, margin superficially dentate to rather densely serrate-dentate,
sometimes almost entire, somewhat revolute in dry state: nervation some-
what impressed above, prominent beneath; primary side-nerves 5—7 on
each side of the midrib, arcuately ascending, evanescent near the margin
and indistinctly anastomosing; reticulation delicate, pellucid. Inflores-
cence umbellate, corymbiform, 3—4 times compound, up to 10 cm across;
axes thinly stellate-pubescent; peduncle short, up to 2.5 cm long; primary
rays 5—7, light green; bracteoles small, ovate, soon caducous; flowers
somewhat scented. Calyx-limb obscurely toothed, 1.5—2 mm in diameter;
teeth triangular, acute. Corolla tubular, ellipsoid-obovoid in bud, creamy
white to white, sometimes pink, usually dotted with brown on the outside;
tube usually 3—4 mm long (see var. longiflorum) ; lobes erect, rounded
triangular, 1 mm. Stamens exserted; filaments ligulate, subulately tapering
. towards the top, in the flower-bud with inflexed apical part, white, adnate
to the tube of the corolla 0.5—1 mm above the base, 4—6(—7) mm long;
anthers oblong, purplish, 1—1.5 mm long. Ovary cylindrical, glabrous or
lepidote, 1.5—2 mm long; style glabrous, white, short, 0.5—1 mm. Drupe
ovoid to broad-ellipsoid or even nearly spherical, in vivo only slightly
dorsiventrally compressed, bluish black, 6—6.5 mm long, 5—6 mm wide;
endocarp undulate in cross-section, 2-grooved on the dorsal side, 3-grooved
on the ventral side, the lateral grooves, however, often obsolete.

ECOLOGY. — In open primary and secondary forests, especially at
their outskirts, sometimes in brushwood or in grassy plains. Only in
the higher mountain region, from 1000 (especially 1500) m upward, there
often common and one of the pioneers in the natural re-afforestation.
Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.

USES. — Not recorded.
DISTRIBUTION. — SE Asia; in Malaysia only in the Greater Sunda

Islands Sumatra and Java, and in the Lesser Sunda Islands (Bali, Lom-

1951] KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia 117

bok, Flores, Timor). Not occurring in the Malay Peninsula and in the
Philippines.

Viburnum coriaceum var. longiflorum Kern, var. nov.
Corollae tubus circiter 6 mm longus, lobi 1 mm longi; filamenta

usque ad 6 mm longa, 2—3 mm supra basin corollae adnata.
Tube of the corolla about 6 mm long, lobes 1 mm; filaments up to

6 mm long, adnate to the corolla 2—3 mm above the base.
DISTRIBUTION. — Sumatra, East Coast Residency.
TYPE. — Yates 1567 (A).

Viburnum coriaceum is extremely variable in all its parts, mainly
as to the shape of the leaves. Usually these are slenderly acuminate and
remotely dentate, but the acumen may also be short or nearly wanting,
the margins serrate or nearly entire. The flowers, too, vary in colour
and size.

In revising the Malaysian species of Viburnum in the Herbarium
of the Arnold Arboretum I was struck by the large flowers and the very
shining, vernicose leaves of the specimens Yates 1567 and Hamel &
Rahmat Si Torus 639, both from North Sumatra. At first I believed they
might represent a distinct species. However, neither in the leaf-shape nor
in the fruits could I find valid differences. For this reason it seems pref-
erable to regard the large-flowered specimens as a variety, the more so.
as Burkill 16312 and Yates 105 with a corolla of 6 mm length may be
regarded as intermediate. The small-flowered form also occurs in North
Sumatra. However remarkable the viscosity of the leaves may be, it should
be remembered that the normal Javanese V. coriaceum may also be viscid,

as is evident from an annotation on the label of Clason K198 from Mount
Kelud. On account of the strikingly shining leaves I presume nevertheless,
that the fruiting specimens Yates 976, Bangham 928 & 948, and Hamel
443 may belong to the large-flowered form.

Noteworthy also are the specimens collected in the Lesser Sunda
[Islands during the Elbert Expedition of 1909—1910 and the Rensch Ex-
pedition of 1927. They greatly resemble the aberrant V. sambucinum of
those regions. Hallier (I.e.) already pointed out this fact: "Von V.sambu-
cinum Reinw. sind die Exemplare mit ganzrandigen Slattern leicht zu

unterscheiden durch ihre nicht mit bleichen Lenticellen langs gestrichelten
jungen Zweige, ihre oberseits harzglanzenden jungen Blatter, ihre kahlen,
harzglanzenden Fruchtknoten und ihre in der Knospe nicht kugeligen,

. sondern langlichen Blumenkronen". However, the discrimination cannot
becalled easy. In flowering specimens the ovoid flower-bud, the tubular
corolla, the inf lexed stamens, the lepidote or vernicose ovary point to



118 R E I N W A E D T I A [VOL. 1

V. coriaceum; in fruiting specimens the small, young somewhat lepidote
or shining .vernicose drupes are characteristic. In V. sambucinum of the
Lesser Sunda Islands, however, the ovary is often but sparingly hairy,
the flower-bud more ovoid than in Javanese specimens, and the twisted
aestivation of the stamens often indistinct. I agree with Hallier's opinion
that Fawcett's V. forbesii must be referred to V. sambucinum: it is the
more or less aberrant form, which occurs in Timor. On the contrary tha
poor specimens of Forbes 3872 belong in my opinion to V. coriaceum.
Fawcett regarded them as a new species or a variety of his V. forbesii;
Hallier identified them as V. sambucinum.

The specimen Koorders 1065/? (cf. Koorders & Valeton op. cit. 39;
is, in my opinion, not a Viburnum, but a species of Maesa.

As far as I know Hooker f. & Thomson were the first to treat V. cy-
Undricum Ham. ex D. Don and V. coriaceum Bl. as synonyms. V. cylindri-
cum was published in the "Prodromus florae nepalensis" with the follow-
ing diagnosis:

"foliis ovali-oblongis acuminatis coriaceis integerrimis subtus ramulisque pubes-
centibus, cymis compositis erectis tomeritosis, corollis oblongis tubulatis: limbo brevissi-
mo 5-dentato". — D. Don (Prodr. PI. nep. 142. 1825).

I greatly doubt whether the Nepal plant with entire leaves, pubescent
'beneath, and tomentose cymes can be identical with the Malaysian Vibur-
num coriaceum. Therefore, I prefer for the present to use Blume's un-
ambiguous name.

S P E C I M E N S E X A M I N E D . — S U M A T R A . W i t h o u t e x a c t l o c a l i t y : Korthals
g-n. ( L ) . A t j e h . A b o v e T a k e n g e u n , van Steenis 5977 ( B ) . E a a>t C o a s t . B e r a s t a g i ,

Md. Nur 7274 (B, S), Burkill 40 (S), Yates 593 (A, B), Beumee A810 (B), Doeters
van Leeuwen 12898 (B), Symington 23964 (S) ; Karo-plateau, near Berastagi, Lorzing
5936 (B, L); Siosar, local name longa longa, Lorzing 8615 (B); Kabandjahe near
Karang-Karang (NE-Sinabun), local name pokok kau buluh, Roesel 260 (B) ; Mt.
Singgalang, Lorzing 8951 (B) ; Seribudolok, local name ketawu, Djaduk 9US (B) ;
Mt. Sibajak, Lorzing 5980 (B, L), Doeters van 'Leeuwen 12846 (B) ; Mt. Pinto,
Lorzing 8267 (B); Simelungun, local name silanglangrih, Keers 86 (B). T a p a n u l i .
Toba, Paranginan, Ouwehand 363 (B) ; Toba-plateau, S of Balige, local name
golom-golom-masak, Huitema 111 (B, L); near Mt. Tolong, Ouwehand 35, 208 (B);
Habinsaran-plateau, Lorzing 6567 (B, L) ; Mt. Margu, Polak 97, 98 (B). W e s t
C o a s t . Mt. Talakmau, Biinnemeijer 882 (B) ; Mt. Marapi, Biinnemeijer 4989 (B);
Mt. Korintji, Biinnemeijer 9410 (B, L), 9456 (B), 9613 (B, L, S), 10027, 10U5,
10213, 10553 (B). P a l e m b a n g , Mt. Pesagi, van Steenis 3650 (B). —JAVA.
W i t h o u t e x a c t l o c a l i t y : Blume (type of Viburnum coriaceum BL, L. 899.
69—260), Horsfield s.n. (G), Junghuhn s.n. (L), Korthals s.n. (L), Zoilinger 2924
(G). WEST JAVA. B o g o r. Summit of Mt. Salak I, Koorders 36743 (B); summit of
Mt. Salak II, van Steenis 2980 (B) ; Mt. Pangerango, Kuhl & van Hasselt s.n. (L),

1951] KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia 119

de Monchy s.n. (B, L), van Steenis 2021 (B), Kern 7798 (B), van Ooststroom 13367
(L) ; ,Mt. Gede, " Houtsoorten" (= kinds of wood) 501 (L), van Steenis 17558 (B) ;
Kandang Badak, Blume s.n. (L), Hallier 53'4 (B), local name ketumpangRma (Sunda-
nese), Sapiin s.n. (B), local name ki kukuran, Bruggeman 536 (B) ; Tjibodas, Scheffer
s.n. (B), Bruggeman 37SO (B), Lorzing 2200 (B), local name ketumpang, Koorders
1042, 10/f3 (B, L), 15616, 20432 (B), 26083, 32113 (B, L), Baap 827 (L), Sapiin 2461
(U) ; Lebak Saat, Hallier 501 (B) ; Tjibeureum, local name kiapu (Sundanese), Burck
s.n. (B). P r i a n g a n . Mt. Patuha, Reinwardt s.n. (L); near Rantjabali, Lorzing
1316, 1370 (B), van Steenis 7422 (B); Pengalengan, Backer 26100 (B); van der Pijl
416 (B) ; Mt. Malabar, Forbes 954 (according to S. Moore in J. Bot. 62: Suppl., 46.
1924, not agreeing with the printed label "SE Java"), (A, G, L), den Berger 789
(B) ; Mt. Papandajan, local name ki kukuran (Sundanese), Scheffer C48 (B) ; Talun
Kulon, Sugandiredja 132.160 (B, L) ; between Tegal Bungbrung and Tegal Pandjang,
van Steenis 4216 (B, L); Mt. Ipis, van Steenis 4957 (B); Garut, Burck s.n. (B) ;
Mt. Galunggung, Koorders 1051 (B). C h e r i b o n. Mt. Tjareme, Backer 5129 (B).
CENTRAL JAVA. P e k a l o n g a n . Mt. Slamet, Waitz s.n. (L), Backer 509 (B), vern.
name temendilan, Koorders 1058, 1059 (B) ; Mt. Perahu, "in sylvis montis Prau
Javae", local name pohon plebber, Junghuhn s.n. (L), local name bleber, van der Goot
s.n. (B), Backer .21794 (B), Brinkman 884c (L) ; in sylvis circa Dieng, Junghuhn
s.n. (L, U) ; Dieng, Koorders 11243, 11244 (B, L). K e d u. Mt. Sundoro, near Kledung
district Wonosobo, Koorders 10904, 11277 (B), local names tementilan and wuru
(Javanese), Lorzing 462 (B), Doeters van Leeuwen 8959 (B) ; near Kledung, distr.
Parokan, local name tementilan (Javanese), Koorders 11276 (B); Mt. Merbabu, Jung-
huhn s.n. (L). J o g j a k a r t a . Kaliurang, Brinkman 379 (B). EAST JAVA. M a d i u n.
Mt. Lawu, Junghuhn s.n. (U); above Sarangan, Dorgelo 120, 417 (L), de Voogd
678 (L) ; Djogolarangan, Elbert 15, 16, 17, 18 (L) ; above Djagaraga, Backer
6823 (B), Jacobson s.n. (B). K e d i r i. Mt. Wilis, Backer 11394 (B); Wanasegara,
Lorzing 890 (B) ; Mt. Kelud, Clason K90, K102 (B), Clason-Laarman K198 (B).
P a s u r u a n . Mt. Welirang, Backer 37089 (L), Backer & Skottsberg 37314 (L).
M a 1 a n g. Mt. Andjasmoro, Posthumus 3963 (B); Mt. Kawi, Tjemara Kandung,
Arena & Wurth s.n. (B), Doeters van Leeuwen 12278 (B) ; Mt. Panderman, Groenhart
S.(B) ; Mt. Ardjuno, Koorders 38169, 43733 (B), Hagedoorn & Jeswiet s.n. (B), Breme-
kamp s.n. (B), Backer & Skottsberg 37313 (L) ; pass of Mt. Bahal-Kembar S, van
Steenis 7080 (B) ; Prigen, Rant s.n. (B) ; Mt. Tengger, Tosari, Koorders 37919 (B, L),
local name meniran (Javanese), Pa Munah Ja2846 (B), Backer 37092 (L) ; Penan-
djan, local name meniran, Ja2853 (A, B, L), Kobus s.n. (B); Mt. Kembang, Koorders
37360 (B), 37361 (B, L); Kletak-pass, Mousset 176 (A, B, L); above Ngepuk, Harre-
veld-Lako 69 (B); near Ranu-Pani, vern. name meniran (Javanese), de Jong Ja2657
(B, L); Mt. Iden-Iden, Kobus 221 (L); saddle of Tengger-Semeru, local name kaju
meniran (Javanese), Jeswiet 55 (L) ; Mt. Semeru, Jeswiet s.n. (L). B e s u k i. Mt.
Liang, Backer 9651 (B); Tjemara Lantjang, Backer 9800 (B, L, S), with fruit-galls,
Koorders 43473 (B, L), Clason-Laarman G49 (B) ; Mt. Eaung, Clason-Laarman 154
(B); Mt. Idjen, Backer 37506, 37685 (L), Clason-Laarman E72, E76 (B), Koorders
1064 (B); Kawah Idjen, Koorders 43297 (B). —BALI. Mt. Batukau, local name kaju-
njalian, Sarip 402 (exp. Maier) (B, L) ; Mt. Abang, de Voogd 2759 (B) ; Mt. Agung,
de Voogd 1937, 2197 (B), van Steenis 7875 ( B ) . — L O M B O K . Mt. Rindjani, Elbert
969, 1008, 1405, 1475, 2165 (L), Gruendler 2322 (L). — F L O R E S . Mt. Mutu, de Voogd
2800 (B) ; Eana Mese, Rensch 1300 (B) ; Seli Mutu, Rensch 1509 (B). TIMOR.



120 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 1 1951] KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia 121

Samoro, Mt. Sobale, Forbes 3872 (cf. Nat. Wand. 507. 1885) (B, L) ; Mt. Mutis, de
Voogd 2303^B, L). .

a. 'Viburnum coriaceum var. longiflorum.
SUMATRA. E a s t C o a s t : Yates 1567 (A, L, S ) ; Deleng Singkut, Hamel &

Rahmat Si Torus 639 (A). Less typical (corolla about 6 mm l o n g ) : Yates 105 ( A ) ;
Berastagi, Burkill 16312 (B, S), Hamel U3 (A). — The following fruiting specimens
may belong to the variety, on account of the vegetative c h a r a c t e r s : A t j e h . Gajo-

• lands, Mt. Losir, van Steenis 8618 (B). E a s t C o a s t : Yates 976 ( A ) ; Siantar-
Berastagi, Banghavi 9&8 (A) ; on sides of volcano near Redelong, Bang ham 928 (A).

2. VIBURNUM BECCARII Gamble. — Fig. 2.

Viburnum beccarii Gamble in J. As. Soc. Bengal 72 (2): 114. 1903; Hallier in
Meded. Rijks-Herb. 14: 37. 1912; Ridley in J. Fed. Mai. St. Mus. 8: 44. 1917; Ridley,
PL Mai. Pen. 2: 2. 1923.

Viburnum sp. Merrill in Contr. Arn. Arb. 8: 164. 1934.

Coarse, sprawling or climbing, evergreen shrub or small tree, up to
8 m. Branches and branchlets brownish, glabrous, warty-lenticellate.
Petioles channelled above, glabrous, 1.5—3.5 cm long. Leaf-blades coria-
ceous, dark green above, bright green beneath, upper side glabrous, under
side minutely gland-dotted and with a distinct elliptic glandular pit at
the base on both sides of the midrib and often smaller pits in the nerve-
axils, elliptic, obovate or ovate, 8—15 cm long, 5—-8 cm wide; apex obtuse
or shortly and bluntly acuminate, rarely somewhat emarginate, base
cuneate to nearly rounded, somewhat decurrent on the petiole, margin
entire, revolute in dry state; midrib impressed above, prominent beneath;
primary side-nerves much less prominent, 4—8 on each side of the midrib,
at an angle of 45—60° to it, ascending, arcuately anastomosing near
the margin, veins distinct, reticulate. Inflorescence terminal, corymbiform,
3—4 times umbellately branched, 6—12 cm across, infructescence up to
15 cm; young axes rather densely brown stellate-pubescent, glabrescent;
peduncle rather stout, up to 12 cm long; primary rays 5—7(—8), 2—5
cm long, later on up to 6 cm; bracts and bracteoles small, linear-lanceolate,
rusty stellate-pubescent, very soon caducous. Calyx-limb cupulate, obscure-
ly lobed, minutely gland-ciliolate, otherwise glabrous. Corolla tubular,
obovoid-ellipsoid in bud, white; tube 3—4 mm long, lobes erect, rounded
to rather acute, minutely gland-ciliolate, 1 mm long. Stamens long-exsert-
ed; filaments flattened, subulately tapering towards the top, in the flower-
bud with inflexed top, inserted at the base of the corolla, glabrous, 7—8
mm long; anthers oblong, purplish, about 2 mm long. Ovary cylindrical,
glabrous, about 2 mm long; style conical, glabrous, 1 mm long. Drupe ovate,
dorsiventrally compressed, (young) bluish green, 9—10 mm long, 6—7 mm
wide, endocarp undulate in cross-section, shallowly 2-grooved on the dorsal
side, shallowly 1-grooved on the ventral side.

ECOLOGY. — In forests and thickets in the higher mountain regions.
DISTRIBUTION. — Only known from the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.

The original description of this species by Gamble was made after
an incomplete specimen of Scortechini (no. 375b) from Perak The char-
acters of V. beccarii given in Ridley's "Flora of the Malay Peninsula-
die nearly the same as in Gamble's description; new localities have not



122 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 1

been recorded since. The occurrence of the species in Sumatra was already
mentioned by Gamble: Mt. Singgalan (Beccari 194 in Herb. Kew; also in
Herb. Lugd. Bat.!), In the various herbaria I found material from several
new localities in Sumatra, some of them bearing flowers and nearly
mature fruits.

Van Steenis 9960 differs somewhat from the other specimens by
its less stellate-pubescent, more tender axes of the inflorescence, but in
my opinion it cannot be referred to another species.

The shape of the corolla and the aestivation of the stamens point
to a close relationship between V. coriaeeum and V. beccarii.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. MALAY PENINSULA. P e r a k : Seortechini 375b {type,
not seen). P a h a n g. Fraser Hill, 4000 ft., fl.-buds, Aug. 1923, Henderson 11484 (B),
4000 ft., fl., Aug. 1923, Henderson & Md. Nur 11176 (S) ; 4000—4370 ft., fl., Sept. 1922,
Burkill & Holttum 8631 (S); Gunung Berembun, Cameron Highlands, June 1933,
Symington 31005 (S). SUMATRA. W i t h o u t e x a c t l o c a l i t y : Forbes 2568
(L) (cf. Hallier I.e.). A t j e h . Gajo-lands, near the confluence of Kali Kapi and
Kali Aunan, flat wooded ridges with cold solfatara fields, 1100—1250 mf fl.-buds
and young fr., March 1937, van Steenis 9960 (B). E a s t C o a s t . Mt. Sibajak, one
of the NE ridges, in thicket, scattered, 1800 m, sprawling shrub, fl.-buds, July 1920,
Lorzing 7343 (B) ;' in primary forest on dry ridge, scattered, 1900 m, coarse sprawling
shrub, fr., Jan. 1921, Lorzing 8303 (B, L) ; Lau Debuk Debuk, in thicket, 1300 m,
sprawling shrub, fl.-buds, Oct. 1929, Docters van Leeuwen 12813 (B); road from East
Coast to Tapanuli (NW side of Toba Lake), near Peso Peso, virgin jungle, 4100—4500
ft., vine climbing, fr., Feb. 1932, Bangham 116U (A) ; Huta Gindjang, Toba, common,
1400 m, climbing shrub, fl.-buds, July 1897, Ouwehand 393 (B) ; Laukakai, jungle,
1630 m, shrub, June 1939, Batten Pooll s.n. (S). W e s t C o a s t . Mt. -Singgalang
1878, Beccari 191,,, 345 (L); Mt. Korintji, edge of swamp, 1800 m, tree, fl., April
1920, Bunnemeijer 9730 (B, L).

3. VIBURNUM GLABERRIMUM Merr.

Viburnum glaberrimum Merrill in Philip. J. Sci., Bot. 4: 329. 1909; Enum.
Philip, fl. PI. 3: 577. 1923.

Small, evergreen tree, nearly glabrous. Branchlets dark reddish-
brown, lenticellate. Petioles channelled above, glabrous, 2—4 cm long.
Leaf-blades coriaceous, shining, glabrous on both sides except for the
bearded (or glandular pitted) nerve-axils on the under side, ovate or
elliptic, (6—)8 15 cm long, (3—)6—8 cm wide; apex broadly and obtusely
acuminate to nearly rounded, base rounded or slightly decurrent-cuneate,
margin entire or remotely undulate-dentate; nervation indistinct above,
rather prominent beneath; primary side-nerves 6—8 on each side of the
midrib, at an angle of about 45° to it, slightly ascending, anastomosing,
connected by indistinct transverse veins. Inflorescence terminal, umbellate,
corymbiform, 3 4 times branched, 5—10 cm across; axes thinly stellate-
pubescent, glkbrescent; peduncle stout, 2—4 cm long; primary rays 5—7,

1951] KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia 123

up to 5 cm long; bracteoles very small, caducous before the anthesis. Calyx-
limb obscurely lobed. Corolla broad-tubular, obovoid in bud, glabrous;
tube about 2.5 mm, lobes erect, rounded, about 1.5 mm long. Stamens
exserted; filaments flattened, adnate to the base of the corolla, in the
flower-bud inflexed at the top, about 6 mm long; anthers oblong, 1.5—2
mm long. Ovary cylindrical, glabrous, 1 mm long. Drupe (after Ramos &
Edano 39025) ovate to nearly orbicular, dorsiventrally compressed, about
5 by 5 mm; endocarp obscurely undulate in cross-section, with 2 shallow
dorsal grooves and 1 shallow ventral groove.

ECOLOGY. — In primary forests; altitude according to Merrill 1909,
I.e., 300—450 m, according to Merrill 1923, I.e., 1000—1400 m.

DISTRIBUTION. — Philippines, endemic.

S P E C I M E N S E X A M I N E D . — P H I L I P P I N E S ; L U Z O N . C a m a r i n e s : f l . , D e c . 1 9 1 3 ,

Ramos (Merrill, Phil. PL 1519) ( B , G, L, S ) ; R i z a l : fl., J a n . 1913, Loher 13878 ( B ) ,
13904 (A); fl., Dec. 1913, Loher 14846 (A). MINDANAO. B u k i d n o n. Mt. Dumalucpi-
han, fl., fr., June-July 1920, Ramos & Edano BS39025 (A, B, G). See p. 125.

4. VIBURNUM PLATYPHYLLUM Merr. — Fig. 3.

Viburnum platyphyllum Merrill in Philip. J. Sci., Bot. 10: 284. 1915; Enum.
Philip, fl. PI. 3: 577. 1923 (" pachyphyllum").

Tall, nearly glabrous, evergreen tree. Branchlets dark reddish-brown,
lenticellate. Petioles glabrous, 4—5 cm long, of the smaller leaves 1—2
cm. Leaf-blades firmly chartaceous to subcoriaceous, somewhat shining,
pale olivaceous when dry, glabrous, ovate to oblong-ovate, 9—22 cm long,
4—10 cm wide; apex gradually narrowed to the usually elongated and
rather slender acumen, base obtuse to somewhat acute and slightly decur-
rent on the petiole, margin entire to obscurely undulate; primary side-
nerves 6—7 on each side of the midrib, somewhat prominent beneath,
ascending, indistinctly anastomosing, axils on the lower surface (often
also axils of the coarser secondary nerves) glandular-pitted. Inflorescence
large, umbellate, corymbiform (3—)4(—5) times branched, up to 18 cm
across; axes thinly stellate-pubescent, glabrescent; peduncle 4—6 cm long;
primary rays about 7, (4—)6—7 cm long. Flowers numerous, fragrant.
Calyx-limb with short but distinct triangular teeth. Corolla globular in
bud, when open shortly tubular to somewhat turbinate, gradually slightly
widening towards the top, white, glabrous; tube 2—2.5 mm, lobes erect,
rounded, 1.5—2 mm. Stamens exserted; filaments inserted at the base
of the corolla, in the flower-bud with inflexed top, sometimes moreover
with a distinct fold in the lower part, 6—7 mm long; anthers oblong,
2 mm long. Ovary cylindrical, glabrous, 1 mm long. Drupe oblong-ovate,
dorsiventrally compressed, 8—9 mm long, 6 mm wide; endocarp slightly
undulate in cross-section, with 2 shallow dorsal grooves and 1 shallow
ventral groove.

ECOLOGY. — According to Merrill in forests, at an altitude of about
500 m.

DISTRIBUTION. — Philippines, endemic.



124 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 1 1951] KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia

5. VIBURNUM CORNUTIDENS Merr.

125

Viburnum cornutidens Merrill in Philip. J. Sci. 26: 491. 1925; Enum. Philip,
fl. PI. 4: 251. 1926.

Small, glabrous, evergreen tree, about 5 m high. Branchlets dark
reddish brown, conspicuously lenticellate. Petioles 2—3.5 cm long. Leaf-
blades thickly coriaceous, shining, olivaceous or brownish olivaceous,
obovate to elliptic, 10—14 cm long, 7—10 cm wide; apex rounded to
shortly and obtusely acuminate, base acute and somewhat decurrent on
the petiole, margin conspicuously corniculate-dentate; teeth straight, ob-
tuse, 1—2 mm long, chiefly terminating the primary side-nerves, the latter
usually 9 on each side of the midrib, nearly straight, once (sometimes
twice) forked one-half to two-thirds of the margin, beneath with glandular
pits in the axils, connected by indistinct transverse veins. Infructescence
terminal, umbellate, corymbiform, 3—4 times branched, about 15 cm
across; peduncle stout, about 5 cm long; primary rays 5—7, up to 7 cm
long. Drupe broadly ovate, dorsiventrally compressed, 8 mm long, 6—7
mm wide; endocarp slightly undulate in cross-section, with 2 shallow
dorsal grooves and 1 shallow ventral groove.

ECOLOGY. — On forested slopes; altitude about 1800 m.
LOCAL NAME. — Manano (Igorot).
DISTRIBUTION. — Philippines, endemic; only known from the original

collection.
S P E C I M E N E X A M I N E D . — P H I L I P P I N E S . L U Z O N . B e n g u e t . M t . B a u d a n , f r . ,

Sept. 1921, Ramos & Edano B.S. iO-309 (A; type).

In order to come to a satisfactory classification of the group of V.
glaberrimum, occurring in the Philippines (species 3—5), it will be neces-
sary to collect a lot of additional specimens, with both flowers and fruits
from the same plant, as the material in the herbaria is insufficient to
gain an insight in this difficult question.

Viburnum- glaberrimum was described in 1909. As Merrill mentions,
it is a species manifestly allied to V. coriaceum of the Indo-Malayan region,
but at the same time very distinct, especially in its vegetative characters.
I did not see the type of V. glaberrimum, Merritt 15848, but in his "Enu-

meration" Merrill also mentions Merr. Phil. PI. 1519, of which I have seen
several sheets in the various herbaria. It will be useful to verify the
characters given by Merrill. In my opinion V. glaberrimum cannot be
called "glabrous throughout." Not only the glands of the nerve-axils on
the under side of the leaves are often somewhat bearded, but also the
axes of the inflorescence are thinly stellately pubescent, though glabres-
cent. The leaves are rather elliptic or ovate than obovate. The corolla is
not 5 mm but 4 mm long, the tube being about 2.5 mm, the lobes about
1-5 mm. The filaments are not 5 mm long but 6 mm. Moreover, I do not



126 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 1

believe that the leaves of V. glaberrimum are always entire. In Loher
13878 and 13904, otherwise quite identical with Merrill Phil. PI. 1519, the
leaves are distinctly remotely undulate-dentate.

However, V. glaberrimum and V. coriaceum differ manifestly. Where-
as in V. coriaceum the leaves are usually ovate-lanceolate, gradually
long-acuminate and remotely dentate, they are broader, elliptic to ovate,
not or obtusely short-acuminate, entire or somewhat undulate in V. gla-
berrimum. The corolla of V. coriaceum is more distinctly tubular than
with V. glaberrimum, the tube in the former being at least 3 mm, often
longer, the teeth 1 mm, in the latter respectively 2.5 and 1.5 mm. The
flower-bud of V. glaberrimum is obovoid, with V. coriaceum more ellip-
soid. The stamens of V. glaberrimum are inserted at the base of the
corolla, those of V. coriaceum somewhat adnate to the tube (0.5—1 mm,
sometimes, even to 2—3 mm above the base). The filaments are 6 mm
long; those of V. coriaceum reach this length only in some large-flowered
specimens. Obviously the place of V. coriaceum, which is wanting in the
Philippines, is taken by V. glaberrimum, and the differences are presum-
ably sufficient to justify the specific separation from the variable V. coria-
ceum.

Later on Merrill published two further species, viz. V. platyphyllum
(1915) and V. cornutidens (1925); according to their author the former
is distinguished by its much larger, distinctly slenderly acuminate leaves,
the latter by its conspicuously corniculate-dentate leaves. For the rest
no striking differences are given. V. platyphyllum is based on Wenzel
923 from Leyte, V. cornutidens on Ramos & Edafio 40309 from Luzon.
In Merrill's "Enumeration" no supplementary specimens of both species
are mentioned.

Viburnum cornutidens has been described from a fruiting specimen
only. In comparing it with V. glaberrimum, Merrill Phil. PI. 1519, I have
been unable to find other valid differences but the dentation of the leaf.
In my opinion it would be undesirable to segregate it specifically from
V. glaberrimum, until further collections have furnished more characteris-
tics. For a similar variation of the dentation (entire, undulate, dentate)
can be observed in the Philippine V. odoratissimum, without this having
led to the institution of a separate species. On the other hand it must be
admitted, that the thickly coriaceous, broad, dentate leaves are striking.
The plant also seems to be characterized by the broadly ovate fruits, which
measure about 8 by 6—7 mm, those of V. glaberrimum probably being
smaller (see below).

1951] KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia 127

We have a similar case in V. platyphyllum. The much larger leaves,
gradually tapering upward to the distinctly slenderly acuminate apex in
the type are indeed remarkable. The inflorescence is larger too and, as
far as I can judge from a single specimen, there are also slight differences
in the flower. The calyx-teeth seem to be more distinct, the corolla appears
to be somewhat widened towards the top, therefore less tubular than in
V. glaberrimum, and more globular in bud. Unfortunately fruits are absent,
both in Merrill Phil. PI. 1519 and in Wenzel 913.

I have met with great difficulties in trying to identify the specimens
not mentioned by Merrill. Loher 13904 and 14846, both distributed as

V. glaberrimum, have been correctly identified in my opinion. Ramos &
fEdano 39025, distributed as V-. odoratissimum Ker, I also take for V. gla-
'yerrimum. The fruits of this specimen are nearly orbicular, 5 by 5 mm,
at probably not full-grown. Ramos 41482 and 41585 on the contrary

iear ovate young fruits of 6—7 by 4—5 mm. The leaves, although much
-smaller than in Wenzel 923, taper more or less gradually into the rather
long acumen. For these reasons I can agree with the determination on
the label as a small-leafed form of V. platyphyllum. But I repeat, the
'question is very intricate. For the present I must acquiesce in the opinion
M Merrill; it is to be hoped that more complete material may offer a
lolution.

6. VIBURNUM PUNCTATUM Ham. ex D. Don

Viburnum punctatum Hamilton ex D. Don, Prodr. Fl. nepal. 142. 1825; De Can-
e, Prodr. 4: 324. 1830; Hooker f. & Thomson in J. linn. Soc. (Bot.) 2: 176. 1858;

Oersted in Vid. Meddel. Kjobenh. 1860: 298. 1861; Brandis, For. fl. 260. 1874; C. B.
clarke in Hooker f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 5. 1880; Danguy in Lecomte, Fl. gen. Indo-Ch.

1: 12. 1922; Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. 2: 3. 1932; Merrill in Contr. Arn. Arb. 8: 164.
1934.

V. acuminatum Wallich ex De Gandolle, Prodr. 4: 325. 1830; Wight & Arnott,
Prodr. Fl. Pen. Ind. or. 1: 388. 1834; Wight, Icones PI. Ind. or. 3: (13) t.1021. 1845;

[Gamble, Flora Madras 3: 575. 1919.

Evergreen shrub or small tree, up to 18 m. Bark greyish; young
parts densely covered with minute, rusty-coloured, peltate scales, leaving
numerous punctiform scars when they fall off. Branchlets angular, some-
what warty lenticellate. Petioles channelled above, 1—1.5 cm long. Leaf-
blades coriaceous, shining dark green above, lighter and somewhat bronzy
beneath; upper surface glabrous, under side densely covered with minute
scales, neither bearded nor glandular pitted in the nerve-axils, elliptic-lan-
ceolate to lanceolate, 5—13 cm long, 2—4.5 cm wide, bluntly acuminate at
the apex (acumen 0.5-—1 cm long), tapering towards the base and slightly
decurrent on the petiole; margin entire and somewhat revolute in dry
state; primary side-nerves 5—7 on each side of the midrib, indistinct



128 R E I N W A R D T I A
[VOL. 1 1951] KEEN: Viburnum in Malaysia 129

above, rather prominent beneath, arcuately ascending, anastomosing near
the margin, connected by delicate veins. Inflorescence terminal, 3(—4)
times umbellately branched, corymbiform, 5—10 cm across (the infructes-
cence up to 15 cm) ; axes densely squamulate; peduncle very short, usually
1—3 cm long; primary rays 3—5, angular, 2—5 cm long; bracteoles very
minute, ovate-lanceolate, fimbriate, 1.5 mm long. Flowers fragrant, about
5 mm wide. Calyx-teeth ovate-triangular, obtuse, light-margined, squa-
mulose, about 0.75 mm long. Corolla white, glabrous within, somewhat
squamulose without, globular in bud, nearly rotate (only slightly campanul-
ate) when open; tube about 1 mm long, lobes broad-ovate, rounded,
somewhat overlapping at the base, about 2 mm long. Stamens somewhat
exserted; filaments flattened, subulately tapering towards the top, in the
flower-bud with an inflexed tip, inserted near the base of the corolla,
3—4 mm long; anthers elliptic, about 1 mm long. Ovary cylindrical, lepid-
ote, 1.5—2 mm long; style short and thick, conical. Drupe elliptic or
slightly obovate, much compressed dorsiventrally, young squamulose, ripe-
ning black, 9—11(—12) mm long, 6—7 mm wide; endocarp undulate in
cross-section, with 2 dorsal and 3 ventral grooves.

DISTRIBUTION. — SE Asia, from Nepal, Kumaon, and the Deccan to
Siam and Indochina. In Malaysia only collected twice at neighbouring
localities in North Sumatra. The statement of Hooker f. & Thomson (I.e.) :
"Java," already doubted by Hallier for phytogeographic reasons, has
never been proved by any material.

Don's meagre diagnosis of V. punetatum reads: "foliis ovali-oblongis
integerrimis mucronulatis utrinque glabris, cymo terminali laevi patente
sessili." It is to be found again nearly literally in De Candolle's "Pro-
dromus," only with the addition "foliis ... subtus sub lente punctatis."
The description of V. acuminatum in the "Prodromus" is also very short
and it is impossible to find a clear difference between the two diagnoses.
Consequently Hooker f. & Thomson united the two species, treating the
name V. acuminatum in synonymy. Nearly all later authors followed them,
recently Merrill, who expressly stated: " [Bangham 825] very closely
matches Wallich's Nepal material and Wight 1523, distributed as V. acu-
minatum Wallich." However, Clarke distinguished the Deccan plant from
the Nepal V. punetatum as variety acuminatum (Wall.) Clarke, character-
ized by its acuminate leaves, persistent bracts, larger drupes and ob-
scurely grooved seeds, adding: "the berry looks so different that it may
indicate a distinct species." The group of V. punetatum obviously com-
prises a number of closely related taxa and great prudence should be
exercised in uniting them into a single species. Viburnum lepidotulum
Merr. & Chun (in Sunyatsenia 2: 22 pi. 12. 1934), for instance is undoubt-
edly a markedly different species, although judging from the description
and the plate it seems to differ only from the plant figured in Wight's

tabula 1021, by its larger fruits [in How 72851 (B) they are even 18 mm
long!]- The conspecifity of V. acuminatum and V. punetatum is therefore
in my opinion still questionable, but provisionally I follow the majority
of the authors. At any rate the Sumatran specimens agree with Clarke's
variety acuminatum and with Wight's plate. They are identical with the
Indian and Siamese specimens I saw [Wight 1263 (L); Nilgiris, Clarke
B 10744 (B) ; Pulney Hills, Sauliere 74, 123 (B) ; — Pu Tong, Kerr 8874
(S) ; Chiengmai, Kerr 6222 (S) ; Krabin, Kerr 9829 (S) ].

SPECIMENS , EXAMINED. — SUMATRA. A t j e h . Along road from Takingeun to
Bireuen, road to Balek, edges of and in first growth jungle, alt. 3300 ft, fl., Jan.
1932, Bangham 825 (A, S); Enang Enang, N of Lampahan, along road, alt. 800 m,
fr., Sept. 1934, van Steenis 6587 (B).

7. VIBURNUM SAMBUCINUM Bl.

Viburnum sambucinum Blume, Bijdr. 13: 656. 1826; De Candolle, Prodr. 4:
325. 1830; Miquel, Fl. Ind. bat. 2: 120, 1856; Suppl.: 213. 1860; Hasskarl in Bonplan-
dia 7: 170. 1859; Oersted m Vidensk. Meddel. Kjobenh.. 1860: 299 t. 7 f. 11-13. 1861;
Clarke in Hooker f., Fl.. Brit. Ind. 3: 5 & 671. 1880; Koorders & Valeton, Bijdr.
Booms. Java 5: 40. 1900; Koorders in Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Ind. 62: 216. 1903;
Gamble in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 72: (2) : 113. 1903; Koorders in Gedenkb. Jungh. 192.
1910; Exkursionsfl. Java 3: 285. 1912; Hallier f. in Meded. Rijks-Herb. No. 14: 36.
1912; Ridley in J. Fed. Mai. St. Mus. 8: 44. 1917; Koorders, Fl. Tjibodas 3 (2) : 38.
1918; Merrill in J. Str. Br. roy. As. Soc. 86: 582. 1921; Danguy in Lecomte, Fl. gen.
Indo-Ch. 3: 11. 1922; Ridley, Fl. Mai. Pen. 2: 1. 1923; Burkill & Henderson in Gard.
Bull., Str. Settl. 3: 380. 1925; Von Malm in Fedde Repert. 34: 28. 1934 (excl. Rensch
1509); Henderson in J. Fed. Mai. St. Mus. 13: 219. 1927; in J. Mai. Br. roy. As.
Soc. 5: 251. 1927; Corner, Wayside Trees Mai. 183. 1940.

Viburnum integerrimum Wallich, Cat. 457; Hooker f. & Thomson in J. linn.
Soc. (Bot.) 2: 176. 1858.

Viburnum forbesii Fawcett in Forbes, Nat. Wand. 506. 1885 (excl. var.).

Evergreen, branchy shrub or small spreading tree, up to 10(—15) m.
Trunk terete, straight, unbuttressed. Bark greyish brown. Crown irreg-
ular, rather lax. Branches terete, glabrous, lenticellate; young branchlets
densely rusty stellate-pubescent. Petioles channelled above, glabrous or
glabrescent, up to 4 cm long. Leaf-blades more or less coriaceous, shining
dark green above, paler and less shining beneath, both sides glabrous
except for a few hairs on the nerves and the bearded nerve-axils at the un-
der side (see var- tomentosum), here with an often indistinct spotty gland
at the base on both sides of the midrib, elliptic-oblong to oblong-lanceolate,
the larger ones 10—25 cm long, 5—-10 cm wide; apex abruptly short-
acuminate, base cuneate and somewhat decurrent on the petiole, margin
entire, somewhat revolute in dry state; nervation slightly impressed above,
rather prominent beneath; primary side-nerves 5;—-7 on each side of the
midrib arcuately ascending, evanescent towards the margin, anastomos-
ing; reticulation close, dark green. Inflorescence densely many-flowered,



130 R E 1 N W A R D T I A [VOL. 1
KERN : Viburnum in Malaysia

131

umbellate, corymbiform, (3—)4(—5) times branched, up to 15(—18) cm
across; axes densely stellate-pubescent, glabrescent; peduncle stout, reddish
brown, 4—6 cm long; primary rays 6—8, up to 5 cm long; bracts occas-
ionally leafy, usually like the bracteoles small, linear-lanceolate, stellately
pubescent, often semi-persistent. Flowers small, 3—4 mm in diameter,
very fragrant (as in Sambucus). Calyx-limb with ovate-triangular, acute,
ciliate lobes, 0.75—1 mm long. Corolla rotate or campanulate, globular in
bud, white or creamy; tube 1(—1.5) mm, lobes spreading, ovate, rounded
(1—)1.5(—2) mm, the tube usually somewhat shorter than the lobes, not
rarely the reverse. Stamens long-exserted; filaments almost filiform,
somewhat flattened, white, serpentine in bud, inserted at the base of the
corolla, (4—)5—7(—9) mm long; anthers elliptic to oblong, 0.75—1 mm
long. Ovary cylindrical; usually densely hairy, very rarely subglabrous,
1—1.5 mm long; style short, glabrous, 1 mm long. Drupe ovate, much
compressed dorsiventrally, young shining dark green, thinly short-hairy,
ripening bluish-black, glabrescent, astringent, (7—)9(—10) mm long,
(5—)6(—7) mm wide; endocarp undulate in cross-section, dorsally 2-
grooved,. ventrally 3-grooved, the lateral ventral grooves often obsolete.

ECOLOGY. — In open primary and secondary forests, in brushwood,
particularly at the edges of forests in the lower mountain regions (up
to 1800 m), occasionally in swampy places in the lowlands. Flowering
and fruiting throughout the year.

USES. — Winckel (648 /9) mentions the use of the leaves as a remedy
against scabies by the natives; other uses are not recorded.

DISTRIBUTION. — SE Asia: Cambodia; Malaysia, chiefly in the west-
ern part, often frequent, from the Malay Peninsula through Sumatra
and Java (already rare in the central and eastern part) to the Lesser
Sunda Islands; also in Borneo, Celebes, and the Moluccas, but presumably
very rare there.

Viburnum sambucinum var. subglabrum Kern, var. nov.
Viburnum longistamineum Ridley in J. Fed. Mai.St. Mus. 6: 151. 1915 (basinym);

F l . Mai. Pen. 2: 2. 1923; Symington in J. Mai. Br. roy. As. Soc. 1 4 ( 3 ) : 353. 1936.

Inflorescence small, 5—7 cm across; axes of the inflorescence and
ovary subglabrous.

DISTRIBUTION. — Malay Peninsula.
Viburnum sambucinum var. TOMENTOSUM Hallier f.— Fig. 4
Viburnum sambucinum var. tomentosum Hallier f. in Meded. Rijks-Herb. No. 14:

36. 1912.
Viburnum sumatranum Miquel, Fl. Ird. bat., Suppl.: 537. 1860; Moore in J. of

Bot. 62: Suppl.: 64. 1924.
Viburnum villosum Ridley in J. Str. Br. roy. As. Soc. No. 61: 10. 1912; Fl. Mai.

Pen. 2: 2. 1923.
Viburnum inopinatum Craib in Kew Bull., 1911: 385; Danguy in Lecomte, Fl.

gen. Indo-Ch. 3: 10. 1922.
Viburnum sambucinum Blume sensu Hosseus in Beih. Bot. CB. 28: 446. 1911.



132 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 1

Under side of the full-grown leaves softly villous with simple, forked,
and stellate hairs.

DISTRIBUTION. — Siam, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra; the typical form
probably restricted to higher altitudes (800—1200 m).

Like most Malaysian Viburna this species is very variable in all its
parts, especially as to the indument. Almost glabrous forms occur as well
as densely pubescent ones. This variability more than once led to the
distinction of new segregate species. The nearly glabrous plants for in-
stance were described by Ridley as V. longistamineum from the Malay
Peninsula. I am unable to draw a line between V. sambucinum, also occur-
ring in the Malay Peninsula, and V. longistamineum. I take this for a
somewhat slender, more glabrous form. Ridley named his species after
"the very long projecting stamens," but this feature is also peculiar to
V. sambucinum sensu .strieto and the difference is illusory. In my opinion
V. longistamineum is perhaps not even a well-marked variety.

The pubescent form, on the other hand, also received some specific
names. When Miquel described his V. swmatranum after a specimen col-
lected by Junghuhn at Sipirok, he did not know the flowers. He added to
the description: "Probabiliter prope V. sambucinum inserendum, indu-
mento persistente insigne." The description indeed does not preclude the
close relationship with V. sambucinum; there is even only one character
in it, which is not applicable to the common form of this species, viz. the
indument of the leaves. The full-grown leaves of typical V. sambucinum
are almost glabrous on both sides, except for a few hairs on the nerves
and the bearded nerve-axils on the under side; the young ones, however,
are pubescent benath, especially on the midrib and the primary side-nerves.
In V. swmatranum the under side of the full-grown leaves is softly villous
with persistent hairs. In the various herbaria I found several specimens
of a Viburnum, fully agreeing with Miquel's description and the type.
Some of them bear flowers, but nevertheless I am unable to find differ-
ences from V. sambucinum that may be considered specific. Moreover,
the hairiness of the leaves is very variable, slight, for instance, in Krukoff
4201 and 4366, and Yates 2544. I agree with Hallier who reduced
V. sumatranum to a variety of V. sambucinum. Presumably the range of
this variety (or geographic race) extends from Siam through Malaya to
Sumatra. Viburnum villosum Ridl. of the Malay Peninsula is quite iden-
tical with Miquel's plant. Ridley described the flowers as follows: "Flow-
ers small sessile green . . . . Corolla tube short Vio inch long glabrous
cylindric thick lobes rounded ovate, as long as the tube 5. Stamens twice
as long as the corolla 5." This description is incorrect. I cannot find any

1951] KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia 133

evident difference with the corolla of V. sambucinum. The tube and the
lobes are both about 1 mm long, the stamens about 6 mm. Besides, the
label-note "flowers green" must probably be due to the fact that only
flower-buds are present. King already mentioned a more hairy form from
the Malay Peninsula. Obviously he did not know the densely villous plants,
which are indeed very striking. However, there are so many intermediate
specimens that I cannot maintain it as a species.

For lack of authentic material I cannot quite make up mind, but
judging from Craib's description and a specimen in the Rijksherbarium
at Leiden (Lugd. Bat. 934.323—409) I am nearly convinced that V. inopi-
natum Craib from Siam in future must also be treated as a synonym.
Craib published V. inopinatum as a new species in his "Contributions to
the flora of Siam." He already saw the close relationship with V. sambu-
cinum, for his description begins: "a V.sambucino, Reinw., foliis subtus
molliter pubescentibus, calycis dentibus minoribus, corolla parum majore,
filamentis antherisque longioribus recedit." In the Malaysian specimens,
however, the corolla is not larger than in V. sambucinum, the tube being
about 1 mm, the lobes fully 1 mm long, neither can I find evident differ-
ences in the calyx-lobes. The length of the fully developed filaments in
V. sambucinum is very variable, from 4—7 mm. In Henderson 11555
I even measured filaments of 8—9 mm. In general the specimens of Su-
matra and the Malay Peninsula have stamens projecting further than
with those of the eastern part of the Archipelago (Celebes, Lesser Sunda
Islands).

In comparing the descriptions of V. inopinatum and V. sambucinum
in Danguy's elaboration in Lecomte, "Flore generale de l'Indo-China"
one only finds the following differences:

V. inopinatum
Limbe glabre en dessus, excepte la

nervure mediane, pubescent en dessous.
Inflorescence pubescente, rayons a poils

: surtout etoiles et blanchatres.
Fleurs blanches.
Calice a 5 dents courtes, a peine 0,5

mm,, pubescentes.
Tube [de la corolle] 1,5 mm.
Pilet 5—6,5 mm.

V. sambucinum
Limbe glabre sur les 2 faces.

Rayons pubescents, couvert de poils
etales, a la fin glabrescents.

Fleurs jaunatres.
Calice a 5 dents triangulaires,

obtuses, glabres, 1 mm a peine.
Tube tres court, 0,5 mm.
Filet 5 mm.

sub-

It may be that the Siamese plants differ in all these characters and
represent a separate species, but it is clear, that the data on V. in-
atum are taken unaltered from Craib's description. So I do not

Relieve that the contrast "fleurs blanches — fleurs jaunatres" really



134
R E I N W A R D T I A

[VOL. 1

exists. "Tube tres court, 0,5 mm" in V'.: sambucinum does not at all agree
with the numerous specimens of this species examined by me. They all
have a corolla-tube of at least 1 mm in length. Viburnum sambucinum of
Hosseus (I.e.) from Siam, Chieng Mai, no 250 (L) is also variety tomen-
tosum.-

It is remarkable that Clarke (I.e.) under V. sambucinum mentions:
"Leaves in some Javan specimens are hairy beneath." None of the Java-
nese specimens of that species I examined showed this; on the contrary
I did not see quite typical V. sambucinum from North Sumatra, whereas
but a single specimen of variety tomentosum has been collected in South
Sumatra. .

In the list below the specimens with more or less persistent pubes-
cence have all been reduced to variety tomentosum; the typical specimens
are marked by an asterisk (*) ; the latter probably only occur at higher
elevations above sea-leavel (ef. the label-notes).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — MALAY PENINSULA. P. Butong, Berry s.n. (S). P.
P e n a n g : Maingay 712/2 (G, L), Md. Nur 2423 (B, S) ; Government Hill, Curtis
278, 2453, s.n. (S), Ridley 7128, 7928, 9230 (S), Fox s.n. (B), Burkill 387 (B, S),
Corner 31594~(S), Nauen s.n. (S), 35828 (B) ; Penara Bukit, Haniff 278 (S). P e r a k .
B.irch's Hill, Burkill & Haniff 12992 (S). P a h a n g . Fraser Hill, Hose 60 (S), Bur-
kill & Holttum 7779 (S) /Henderson & Md. Nur 11252 (A, B, S), Henderson 11555
(B); Cameron's Highlands, Hancock 1987 (A), Henderson 17984 (B, S), 23490 (S),
23617 (A, S), Osman 20846 (S), Md. Nur 32635 (L, S) ; Perolak, Jaamat 27555 (S) ;
Gunong Benom, F.M.S.-collector s.n. (S) ; Sungei Lemoi, Jaamat 28151 (S) ; Raub
Pahang, Kalong 20260 (S) ; Telom wood, Ridley 13571 (S), Kiah & Strugnell 23909
( B , S ) . S e l a n g o r . G u n o n g M e n g k u a n g , Robinson s.n. ( S ) . S i n g a p o r e . Cant-

ley's collector 2913 (S), Ridley 2106, 6829, 8036 (S), Woodford 6335 (S) ; Bukit
Panjang, Ridley 11840 (A, S), s.n. (S), Burkill & Henderson 6810 (S) ; Gap, Symington
20183 ( S ) . — S U M A T R A . W i t h o u t e x a c t l o c a l i t y : Korthals s.n. ( G ) . P a -
l e m b a n g . M t . Dempo, b e t w e e n L e m a t a n g a n d E n s i k a n g r i v e r , Huitema 7 5 ( B ) ;
O g a n U l u , local n a m e k a j u t a i , Teysmann 3777HB ( B , U ) ; S e m i n d o , de Voogd 1506
(B, L ) ; M u a r a d u a , d e Voogd 1-4 (B, L ) . — J A V A . W i t h o u t e x a c t l o c a l i t y :
Binnendijk s.n. ( B ) , Blume s.n. ( B , L ) , local n a m e s ki l a k k e t a n g , ki m o k l a , Junghuhn
283, PI. ined. 38, 39, 40, 42 (L), s.n. (U), Korthals s.n. (L), Kuhl & van Hasselt s.n.
(L), Reinwardt s.n. (L), Steenstra-Toussaint s.n. (L), Zollinger 310 (L), 843 (S).
WEST JAVA. B a n t e n . Sadjira, Reinwardt s.n. (L); between Sadjira and Lebak,
Korthals s.n. (L); between Muntjang and Sadjira, Backer 1887 (B) ; Djasinga,
Backer 9960, 10040. 10404 (B), van Steenis 1121.3 (B) ; between Bajah and Langkop,
Backer 1703 (B); Gunong Kantjana, local name ki tai, Koorders 41289 (B, L); Bon-
djongmanik, Koorders 40919 (B, L) ; Tjiladaheun, (ace. to Moore I.e.), Forbes 4-10
(B) ; Pasir Orai, Kosala, (ace. to Moore I.e.), Forbes 537a (B). D j a k a r t a . Tjige-
lung near Djasinga, Beumee A362 (B, L, U) ; Gunong Paniisan, local name ki tarassi
(Sundanese), Bakhuizen van den Brink 6132 (B, L, U), van Steenis 2289 (B) ; Tjianten,
S of Leuwiliang, Backer 25730 (B) ; Gunong Djambu, W of Leuwiliang, Bakhuizen

I

1951] KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia 135

van den Brink f. 2726 (B, U) ; Gunong Sembung, Backer 12213 (B). B o g o r . Bogor,
Boerlage s.n. (L) ; Nirmala, W of Bogor, Backer 11130 (B, L, S, U), de'Voogd s.n.
(B) ; near Tjampea, local name ki tai, Koorders 30609 (B, L, S); Pasir Karet near
Gadog, Backer s.n. (B) ; Batutulis near Bogor, Hallier s.n. (B); Maseng, S of Bogor,
Backer 9303 (B) ; Mt. Salak, local name ramo kekkek, Junghuhn 37 (L), Koorders
24167 (B, L), 24177 (B) ; Pasir Tengah, local name ki kulat, Arsin 19529 (B) ;
Warungloa, van Steenis 87 (B) ; Tjisangku, Nanggung, Backer 10617 (A, B, L);
forest-area Nanggung, van Steenis 17400 (B) ; Nanggerang, Sugandiredja 84 (B);
Pasir Datar, slope of Mt. Pangrango, Bakhuizen van den Brink 2098 (B, L) ; between
Tjiloa and Pasawahan, Backer 2265. (B) ; Pasawahan, Boaters van Leeuwen 2903
(B) ; Tjitjurug, Backer 17248 (B) ; Njalindung near Tjitjurug, Belle s.n. (B) ; Tji-
bareno, NW of Palabuanratu, local name babatuan (Sundanese), Winckel 1862 (B,
L, U); Palabuanratu, local name ki kujup, Koorders 1047, 1048, 1049 (B) ; Tjipetir,
Burck & Be Monchy s.n. (B); Tjibeber, local name ki sempur (Sundanese), Winckel
648 (B, L); Tjibodas, Hallier 42 (B), local name ki kukuran (Sundanese), Hallier
500a,b (B, L), Koorders 31936, 32137 (B), local name ki kukuran, Koorders 41983
(B), Boerlage s.n. (B), Lorzing 1790 (B), Kern 7989 (B), van Ooststroom 13795 (L),
local name ki beureum (Sundanese), Kern 8055 (B), van Ooststroom 13901 (L), local
name katutunkul, "Houtsoorten" (= kinds of wood) 241 (L) ; Mt. Gede, van Steenis
6857 (B) ; Mt. Gede, between Tjibeureum and Lebaksaat, local name ki kukuran,
Hallier 500 (B) ; Mt. Kantjana, Backer 23235 (B); Takoka, Koorders 15368, 25544
(B, L), 15191 (B); Tjadas Malang, local name ki kukuran, Winckel 180, 1773 (B.
L, U), Bakhuizen van den Brink 2525 (B) ; Tji Kareo, Lam 2146 (B). P r i a n g a n .
Talun Kulon, Sugandiredja 108 (B) ; forest-area Tjigenteng, local name ki bangkong,
Koorders 1045 (B, L, U), 1046, 1053 (B), 23168 (B, L); Mt. Malabar, local name
beubeunteran, coll. ind,. s.n. (B, L) ; in silvis cacuminis supremi montis Malabar,
Junghuhn s.n. (L, U) ; near Nagerang, local name djalaprang (Sundanese), Winanta-
dipura Jal396 (B); Gambling, Rant s.n. (B); Pengalengan, Junghuhn s.n. (L); Mt.
Mandalagiri, Lam 2257 (B); Telagabodas, Korthals s.n. (L) ; Bandjar, Backer s.n.
(B); forest-area Pangentjongan, Koorders 1052 (B, L) ; local names djawer, gedebong,
ki bewog, Koorders 13986, 14053, 14096 (B), 26679, 30149 (B), L) ; Pasir Ipis near
Pangentjongan, local name beunter badak, Koorders 26538 (B) ; Tjipaku, Hallier s.n.
(B); island Nusagede in Pendjalu-lake, Koorders 44481 (B) ; Tjipanas, Garut, van
der Pijl 620 (B) ; Garut, Burck. s.n. (B), Gunong Guntur, Koens 423 (B) ; Tjelaki,
(ace. to Moore I.e.), Forbes 865 (G, L, S) ; Sanggrawa, Koorders 1067 (B). P e k a-
l o n g a n . Petung Kriana, Backer 16304 (B) ; Mt. Perahu, NW slope above Surd jo,
local name bleber (Javanese), Koorders 1060, 1061 (B). B a n j u m a s. Mt. Midangan
near Pringombo, Koorders 1040 (B), local name gambiran (Javanese), Koorders 33878
(B). K e d u. Mt. Andong, local name kututan (Javanese), Koorders 36559 (B). S e-
m a r a n g . Selokaton, Loogen s.n. (B); Ungaran, Junghuhn s.n. (L), Koorders 1055
(°> L), 1056 (B); Mt. Telomojo, local name songko (Javanese), Koorders 9961, 35902,
35904 (B), Bocters van Leeuwen 1068 (B). EAST JAVA. P a s u r u a n. Mt. Mangongan,
Mousset 485 (B, L) ; near Tawangredjo, local name mentjok gunung (Javanese),
Verhoef 23 (B, L, U) ; above Djunggo, Altmann 472 (A, B) ; Mt. Ardjuno, Koorders
3*170 (B). _ BORNEO. S a r a w a k . Without exact locality, Haviland 3019 (S) ;
"ear Kuching, Haviland 197 (B), 1054 (S) ; Bonga, Haviland »2 (S). W e s t B o r n e o .
mt. Klam, Hallier 2279 (B, L). — S o u t h a n d E a s t B o r n e o . Martapura, Kort-
hals s.n. (L) ; Mt. Sakumbang, Korthals s.n. (L). — CELEBES. M a n a d o. Mt.



136 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 1

Beang, Rachmat 1020 (exp. van Vuuren) (L); Palu Subdivision: W slope Mt. Ngilalaki,
E of Lindu-lake, local name tumpudolo, Bloembergen U081, 4005 (B) ; Waju, local
name totoko, bb.14130 (B). Luwuk Subdivision: between Mt. Lokai and Tambunan,
Eyma 3762 (B). C e l e b e s : Tji Manipi, Warburg 16361 (A); Bonthain, local name
baliodeh, Teysmann 13982 (B); Biroro near Lombasang, Biinnemeijer 11647, 11700
(B, L), 11814 (B) ; Rante Lemo, Kjellberg 1612b (B) ; Liasa, Kjellberg 2253 (B).
K a b a e n a I. Mt. Sangia-wita, Gruendler 3455, 3488 (L).— BALI. Tjatur, de Voogd
1664 (B), 2159 (B, L) ; Mt. Pala, Sarip 272 (exp. Maier) (B, L). — SUMBAWA.
Mt. Batu Lanteh, N slope, Gruendler 4176 (L); Pussu, W of Batu Lanteh, Gruendler
4161 (L). — FLORES. Rana Mese, Renech 1245 (L) ; Sita, Rensch 1368 (B) ; Doaria,
Gruendler 4306 (L). — SUMBA. Kananggar, local name takumekeweda, Ibut 521
(L). — TIMOR. Mt. Tahaolat, Forbes 3587 (type of Viburnum forbesii Fawc), 3589,
4089 (L). — CERAM. Without exact locality, de Vriese & Teysmann s.n. (L); Mana-
sula, Kornassi 577 (exp. Rutten) (B).

a. —• V. sambueinum var. subglabrum.
MALAY PENINSULA. Ke I a n t a n . Mt. Tapis, 4600 ft., Symington & Kiah

28847 (S). T r e n g g a n u. Mt. Padang, 3800 ft., Moysey & Kiah 31810 (S). P a h a n g .
. Padang woods, Mt. Tahan, 5600 ft., Ridley 16064 (type of Viburnum longistamineum
Ridl.), 16064A (S); Mt. Tahan, 6000 ft., Holttum s.n. (S).

b. —• V. sambueinum var. tomentosum.
MALAY P E N I N S U L A . S e l a n g o r . Bukit Kutu, 3000 ft., Ridley 759T1* (type

o f Viburnum villosum Ridl. (S). — SUMATRA. W i t h o u t e x a c t l o c a l i t y ,
Junghuhn 100 (U). A t j e h. Gaju-and Alaslands, Gajuluas, Pringgo Atmodjo 52* (exp.
van Daalen) (B, L) ; Go Lembuh, 1200 m, van Steenis 9200* (B). E a s t C o a s t .
Asahan: Bandar Pulau, Yates 2030 (A, B, L ) ; Porsea-Tutupan, Asahan-saddle, 1000—
1100 m, Lb'rzing 9917"* ( B ) ; vicinity of Parsoburan, 900—1000 m, Lorzing 7818*, 7915*
(B, L ) ; Bila, Aekburo, Lorzing 9582 (B) ; vicinity of R a n t a u p a r a p a t , Rahmat Si
Torus 1594*, 1863*, 2255, 3126*, 4237, 4263 (A); Bilak Pertama, Rahmat Si Torus
340 (A, S) ; Marbau, Rahmat Si Torus 218 (S) ; Masihi Forest Reserve, Krukoff
4201 (A, L, S); vicinity of Huta Bagasan, local names kaju isar and kaju mia,
Rahmat Si Torus 6661 (A), 6876 (A, S) ; Huta Padang, Krukoff 4366 (A, L, S);
vicinity of Tomuan Dolok, local name kaju simur, Rahmat Si Torus 9145, 9939
(A); vicinity of Lumbanria, local name kaju marip-marip, Rahmat Si Torus 7905,
7956 (A, S), 7867 (S); Damuli, Kualu, Rahmat Si Torus 1345 (A). T a p a n u 1 i.
Tapanuli, Yates 2535* (A, B); Angkola, Tobing, Junghuhn s.n. (L); in regione montana
Sipirok, Junghuhn s.n.* (type of Viburnum sumatranum Miq.) (U), in silvaticis
planitiei altae Sipirok, 2700 ped., Junghuhn s.n. (type of Viburnum sambueinum var.
tomentosum, Hallier f.) (L); Padangsidempuan, Mt. Manaun, Rahmat Si Torus 4499,
4599 (A); Simelungun, 1000 m, local name hatilandon, Kerling s.n.* (B); Simelungun,
Yates 1668* (A, B, L). W e s t C o a s t . Palembajang, Lake Manindjau, 900 m,
Docters van Leeuwen 3948* (B); Fort de Kock, Yates 2524* (A, B); Duku, Korthals
s.n.* (L) ; Tandjonggedang, 900 m, Jacobson 2208* (B); Alahan Pandjang, 1500 m,
Ultee 118* (B). L a m p u n g. Near Hudjang, 3300 ft., Forbes 1909* (ace. to Moore
I.e.).

8. Viburnum hispidulum Kern, spec. nov. — Fig. 5.
Arbor parva sempervirens. Petioli sparsim hispiduli, 2—6 cm longi-

Lamina foliorum coriacea, opaca, in pagina superiore glabra vel interdum

1951J .
KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia

137



138 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 1

in costa et nervis primariis hispidula, in pagina inferiore dense glanduloso-
punctata et praesertim in costa et nervis primariis hispidula, in nervorum
axillis glandulis carentia, elliptica, elliptico-oblonga vel obovata, 12—17
cm longa, 8—9 cm lata, apice abrupte breviter obtuseque acuminata, basi
cuneata usque ad late cuneata, margine integra, nervis primariis utrimque
5—7, supra, indistinctis infra prominentibus, prope marginem sursum
subcurvatis et arcuato-anastomosantibus, venis transversalibus promi-
nentibus. Pedunculi crassi, usque ad 5 cm longi. Inflorescentia umbellato-
corymbosa, 10—15 cm diametro. Bracteolae anguste ovatae usque lanceo-
latae, 4—6 mm longae. Alabastrum globosum. Corolla rotato-cupulata,
tubo 1(—1.5) mm longo, lobis 2—2.5 mm longis. Stamina longe* exserta,
filamentis crassis aestivatione serpentiniformibus imo tubo insertis 9—10
mm longis. Drupa oblongo-elliptica vel leviter obovata, compressa, 9—10
(—11) mm longa, 6—7 mm lata, 4 mm crassa; endocarpium a dorso leviter
bisulcatum, a ventre leviter trisulcatum.

Small, evergreen tree. Branchlets terete, pithy, warty-lenticellate,
dark brown in dry state, nearly glabrous, only sparsely hispidulous at
the nodes. Petioles longitudinally grooved above, very sparingly hispid-
ulous, 2—6 cm long. Leaf-blades coriaceous, dull, glabrous above or occa-
sionally somewhat hispidulous on the midrib and the primary side-nerves,
hispidulous beneath, especially on the midrib and the primary side-nerves,
punctulate, neither glandular pitted nor bearded in the nerve-axils, elliptic
to elliptic-oblong or obovate, the larger ones 12—17 cm long, 8—9 cm
wide, abruptly shortly and bluntly acuminate at the apex (the acumen
up to 5 mm), cuneate to broadly cuneate at the base and somewhat
decurrent on the petiole; margin entire; nervation indistinct above,
prominent beneath; primary side-nerves 5—7 on each side of the midrib,
at an angle of about 45° to it, slightly curved upward towards the
margin and arcuately anastomosing near it, connected by distinct trans-
verse veins (in the type-specimen the veins at right angles to the primary
nerves, in the other examined specimens the angles more or less acute).
Flowering branchlets leafy nearly up to the top, the actual peduncle there-
fore short or nearly lacking, stout, up to 5 cm long. Inflorescence terminal,
with 1—2 small deciduous leaves at the base (always?), 3—4 times
branched, umbellate, corymbiform, 10—15 cm across; primary rays 6—7,
verticillate, stout, glabrous, (2—)3—6 cm long; bracteoles narrow-ovate
to lanceolate, firm, gland-dotted, short-ciliate, 4—6 mm long. Calyx-limb
cupulate, glabrous, obscurely lobed, 1 mm long. Corolla (creamy) white,
globular in bud, rotate-cupulate when open; tube 1(—1.5) mm long, lobes
ovate to oblong, rounded to somewhat acute, incrassate towards the top,
2—2.5 mm long. Stamens1 much exserted; filaments thick, serpentine in
the flower-bud, inserted at the base of the corolla, glabrous, 9—10 mm
long; anthers oblong, 2 mm long. Ovary cylindrical, lepidote, 1.5 mm long
and thick; style short and thick, glabrous, 1.5 by 1.5 mm; stigma obscurely
3-lobed. Drupe dorsiventrally flattened, oblong-elliptic to slightly obovate,
9—10(—11) mm long, 6—7 mm wide, about 4 mm thick, of unknown

1951] KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia 139

-

colour; endocarp shallowly 2-grooved on the dorsal side, shallowly 3-
grooved on the ventral side.

TYPE. — Clemens 31902. (B).
Viburnum hispidulum, manifestly a distinct entity, differs from the

following species mainly by its dull hispidulous leaves, the absence of
glandular pits at the leaf-base, and the rotate-cupular corolla. See also
p. 141—142.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — • BORNEO. C o l o n y o f N o r t h B o r n e o . Mt. Kina-
balu: Upper Kinataki R., at 7000 ft. altitude, tree, flowers cream-coloured, fl. and
fr., Feb. 25, 1933, Clemens 31902 (B, type; L ) ; between Lumu and Kamburanga, near
the cataract rock shelter, 7400 ft., tree 50 ft. high, diameter of bole breast high 6",
flowers white, fl., J u n e 9, 1932, Clemens 30297 (B, L ) ; "other side of ridge from
falls," very steep hillside, 7000 ft., tree 80 ft. high, diameter of bole breast high

.8", flowers white, fl. and fr., J u n e 8, 1932, Clemens 29702 (A, B, L).

9. VIBURNUM VERNICOSUM Gibbs. — Fig. 6.
Viburnum vernicosum Gibbs in J. linn. Soc. (Bot.) 42: 86. 1914; Merrill, Bibl.

Enum. Born. PI. 582. 1921.

Shrub or small tree, up to 10 m. Branchlets terete, greyish to reddish
brown, lenticellate, glabrous; young parts very shining, vernicose. Petioles
channelled along the upper side, glabrous, 1—3 cm long. Leaf-blades coria-
ceous, shining, eventually turning somewhat dull, glabrous, chiefly on the
under side densely punctulate and gland-dotted, beneath with a distinct
glandular pit at the base on both sides of the midrib and often smaller
ones in the higher nerve-axils, elliptic to slightly obovate, the larger ones
12—18 cm long, 6—11 cm wide; base acute and somewhat decurrent on
the petiole, apex shortly and abruptly acuminate (the acumen up to 1 cm
long), margin entire; primary side-nerves 5—7 on each side of the midrib,
at an angle of about 45° to it, curved upward towards the margin and
anastomosing near it, somewhat impressed above, prominent beneath,
connected by transverse veins. Flowering branchlets leafy nearly up to
the top, the actual peduncle stout, up to 6 cm long. Inflorescence terminal,
3—4 times umbellately branched, corymbiform, up to 11 cm across:
primary rays 5—7, up to 7 cm long, the secondary about 2 cm, the ter-
tiary 1 cm; bracteoles oblong to lanceolate, 5—7 mm long, firm with
membranous margins, gland-.dotted, very soon caducous. Calyx-limb ob-
scurely lobed. Corolla creamy white, gland-dotted on the outside, turbinate,
obovoid in bud; tube 2.5—3 mm long, lobes erect, rounded, triangular,
incrassate towards the top, 1.5—2 mm long. Stamens much exserted;
filaments thick, serpentine in bud, inserted at the base of the corolla,
glabrous, (8—)9—10 mm long; anthers oblong, about 2 mm long. Ovary
cylindrical or slightly turbinate, lepidote, vernicose, 1—1.5 mm long. Fruit
ovate, dorsiventrally compressed, purplish black, 10 mm long, 7—8 mm
wide; endocarp undulate in cross-section, (often irregularly) 2-grooved
on the dorsal side, 3-grooved on the ventral side, the lateral grooves often
nearly absent.



140 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 1

F I G . 6. Viburnum vernieosum Gibbs: a, flowering twig, 0.5 X; b, aestivation
filaments, 5 X ; c, calyx-limb, seen from above, 5 X ; d, p a r t of corolla, inside view,
5 X; e, bracteoles, 5 X; /, flower 5 X ; g, flower-bud, 5 X ; h, ovary, 5 X ; h

fruit, 2.5 X; k, cross-section through fruit, 2.5 X- — After Clemens 30298.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — BORNEO. C o l o n y o f N o r t h B o r n e o . Mt. Kina-
balu: above Kiau, in secondary forest, 3500 ft., fl. fr., Feb. 1910, L. S. Gibbs 3990
(type, in Herb. Brit. Mus., not seen); Dallas, Kinabalu-ridges, 3000 ft., fl. fr., Nov.
1931, Clemens 27033 (A, B, L ) ; Tenompok, jungle, 5000 ft., fl. fr., Feb. 1932, Clemens

1951] KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia 141

(A, B, L ) , 5000 ft., fl. fr., Feb.—March 1932, Clemens 30298 (A, B, L, S) ;
Penibukan, 4000—5000 ft., m a r g i n of landslide, jungle ridge, fr., J a n . 1933, Clemens
30767 (A, B, L) ; same locality and altitude, small tree in canon beyond N ridge,
fl-. fr., J a n . 1933, Clemens 30885 (A, B, L) ; Marai P a r a i , low jungle, 5000 ft., tree
25 ft., fr., March 1933, Clemens 32225 (B) ; same locality, ridge E of camp, 5500 ft.,
shrub 10 ft., fr., Apr. 1933, Clemens 32752 ( B ) ; Colombon river, 9000 ft., fl. fr.,
June 1933, Clemens 33761 (B, L ) ; Marai P a r a i , edge of jungle near camp, 5000 ft.,
shrub 10 ft., fr., May 1933, Clemens 40166 (B), the same number in (A) is labelled:
P e n a t a r a n basin, 6000 ft., Aug. 1933). C e n t r a l B o r n e o . Amai Ambit, young
fr., 1893-1894, Hallier f. 3272 (B, L).

The extremely difficult group of Bornean Viburna nos. 8—9 could
be but provisionally worked out. The material was gathered mainly by
J. & M. S. Clemens during the Kinabalu-expeditions of 1931, 1932, and
1933. A single number with very young fruits was collected by Hallier
in 1893—1894. Also Gibbs 3990, the type-specimen of Viburnum verni-
cosum, collected in 1910, belongs to this group. I did not see this specimen.
Because Miss Gibbs ascribed filaments of 2 cm in length to it, I at first
believed it must be a very deviating species. The photographs, which I
received through the kindness of Dr Taylor of the British Museum, how-
ever, convinced me, that Hallier 3272 and Clemens 27033, 28263, 30298
are identical with it. The above description was made only after these
specimens. On purpose I did not include the other numbers mentioned
below, because they constitute some fairly marked groups, which in future
may possibly be segregated. For the present I confine myself to stating
the differences.

Clemens 30885, 32225, 32752, and 40166 deviate on account of the
thickly coriaceous, manifestly obovate, short-acuminate leaves (the acumen
at most 3 mm,long), but especially on account of the large, elliptic fruits,
12—14 mm long, 7—8 mm wide.

Clemens 30767 possesses broad-elliptic leaves, 14—16 cm long, 9—11
cm wide. Flowers are absent, but the texture of the leaves, the shape
of the infructescence, the size of the fruits and the like, point to a close
relationship with Clemens 30885, etc. The lower primary nerves arise
at an angle of about 60°, the higher ones at an angle of about 45°. The
upper surface of the leaves bears scattered, short, white, at the base scale-
like dilated hairs; some of the latter along the midrib and the primary
side-nerves are black.

Less deviating is Clemens 33761, striking on account of its large
ovate fruits, 12 mm long, 10 mm wide.

Whether all these forms can be maintained under the polymorphous
Viburnum vernicosum requires further scrutiny.



142 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 1
1951] KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia 143

The thick, long projecting stamens of the group are characteristic.
The filaments are twisted in the flower-bud; this aestivation points to
a relationship with Viburnum sambucinum, with which the Bornean
plants also rather coincide as to the shape of the leaf, corolla, fruit, etc.
Viburnum sambucinum is easily distinguished by its pubescent ovary,
the stellate-pubescent axes of the inflorescence, and its almost filiform
filaments.

Viburnum beccarii of the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra also coin-
cides in its habit with the species of this group. It can easily be distin-
guished by the tubular corolla, the nearly ellipsoid flower-buds, the shorter,
not twisted filaments, the somewhat smaller fruits, and by the much
less prominent primary side-nerves on the under side of the leaves. The
glandular pits at the base of the leaves characterize both Viburnum,
beccarii and V. vernicosum; they are absent in V. hispidulum; in V. sam-
bucinum they are reduced to spotty glands.

10. VIBURNUM LUTESCENS Bl.

Viburnum lutescens Blume, Bijdr. 13: 655. 1826; De Candolle, Prodr. 4: 325.
1830; ?Hooker f. & Thomson in J. linn. Soc. (Bot.) 2: 176. 1858; Oersted in Vid.
Meddel. Kjobenh. 1860: 298. 1861; Maximowicz, Mel. biol. 10: 651. 1880; Forbes
& Hemsley in J. linn. Soc. (Bot.) 23: 353. 1888; Gamble in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal
72: 114. 1903; Koorders, Exkursionsfl. Java 3: 286. 1912; Hallier f. in Meded. Rijks-
Herb. No. 1: 15. 1911; No. 14: 37. 1912 (excl. syn. Viburnum junghuhnii) ; Koorders,
Fl. Tjibodas 3 (2): 38. 1918; Merrill in J. Str. Br. roy. As. Soc. 86: 582. 1921; Ridley,
Fl. Mai. Pen. 2: 2. 1923; Moore in J. of Bot. 62: Suppl.: 46. 1924; Hochreutiner in
Candollea 5: 286. 1934; Von Malm in Fedde Repert. 34: 289. 1934; Corner, Wayside
Trees Mai. 183. 1940.

Viburnum monogynum Blume, Bijdr. 13: 655. 1826.
fViburnum elegans Junghuhn in Nat. Gen. Arch. 2: 36. 1845.
Viburnum sundaicum Miq., Fl. Ind. bat. 2: 121. 1858; Suppl.: 213, 537. 1860;

Kurz in Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Ind. 27: 198. 1864; Koorders & Valeton, Bijdr.
Booms. Java 5: 43. 1900; Ridley in J. Fed. Mai. St. Mus. 8: 44. 1917.

Viburnum coriaceum Blume sensu Koorders in Gedenkb. Junghuhn 191. 1910 pr. p.
Viburnum colebrookiamim Wallich sensu Danguy in Lecomte, Fl. gen. Indo-Ch.

3: 9. 1922.
Evergreen, crooked, sometimes sprawling shrub or small, vaguely

branched tree, up to 10 m, usually much lower. Trunk terete, unknotted, un-
buttressed; bark smooth, greyish; youngest parts thinly stellate-pubescent,
glabrescent. Branchlets terete, lenticellate, glabrous. Petioles channelled
above, thinly stellate-pubescent, glabrescent, 1—2 cm long.. Leaf-blades
thinly coriaceous, bright green above, pale green beneath, when dried dark
brown above, yellowish brown beneath, glabrous on the upper side, thinly
stellate-pubescent to almost glabrous on the under side, very variable in
shape, broad-elliptic, ovate or oblong-elliptic, up to 18 cm long and 10

cm wide; apex short-acuminate, base nearly rounded to cuneate and
somewhat decurrent on the petiole, margin in the upper 2/3 coarsely
crenate-serrate to finely serrate, teeth shortly mucronate, the lower 1/3
entire or supercifially dentate; nervation indistinct above, rather promin-
ent beneath; primary side-nerves 5—8 on each side of the midrib,
arcuately ascending, evanescent and indistinctly anastomosing near the .
margin, connected by delicate veins. Inflorescence terminal (or sometimes
spuriously lateral), paniculate, short-pyramidal, 3—4 times paniculately
branched, 5—9 cm across, 5—7(—10) cm long, with stellate-pubescent,
glabrescent axes; peduncle 4—10 cm long; primary branches 4—7, ver-
ticillate; bracts sometimes leafy, bracteoles minute, lanceolate, stellate-
pubescent, 1 mm long. Flowers somewhat fragrant, 4—5 mm wide. Calyx-
teeth ovate-triangular, glabrous or somewhat pubescent, green, 0.75 mm
long. Corolla globular in bud, nearly rotate (only slightly campanulate)
when open, creamy white, glabrous; tube 0.75—1 mm long, lobes ovate,
rounded, 1.25- -1.5 (sometimes almost 2) mm. Stamens somewhat exserted;
filaments inserted near the base of the corolla, flattened, subulately
tapering towards the top, in bud with inflexed top, white, 2—3 mm long;
anthers elliptic, sordidly white, about 1 mm long. Ovary cylindrical,
glabrous, 1—-1.5 mm long;- style short and thick, 1—1.5 mm long. Drupe
oblong-ellipsoid, somewhat oblique, slightly compressed, turning from
bright green through red to purplish-black, usually 7—10 mm long and
4—5 mm wide; endocarp undulate in cross-section, with 2 dorsal and 1
ventral groove.

ECOLOGY. — In primary and secondary forests, in brushwood, often
common but scattered, usually between-500 and 1500 m altitude, rarely
lower (lowest record 150 m) or higher (one record of 2400 m, from Mt.
Patuha). Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.

USES. — Sometimes cultivated as a hedge-plant, easily multipliable
by cuttings. Other uses not recorded; not fit for timber. The ripe fruits
are readily eaten by birds.

DISTRIBUTION. — SE Asia. In Malaysia only in the western part,
from the Malay Peninsula (here local) through the whole of Sumatra
and Java up to Bali and Lombok. Also collected in Borneo a few times.

An extremely variable species, mainly as to the shape of the leaves
and the size of the fruits. Authentic specimens of Viburnum monogynum
Bl. in the Leiden Herbarium prove, that this is merely a form with super-
ficially toothed leaves. Miquel (1856) distinguished three forms of V. sun-
daicum: a. macrodon Miq.: folia nisi omnia, saltem in eodem ramo plura
grosse serrata, oblonga vel elliptica (V. lutescens Bl., s.s.); (S. latifolia Miq.:
folia pleraque ovato- vel lato-elliptica1; y. microdon Miq.: folia oblonga
vel elliptica, tenuiter serrulata vel superne saltem serrulata aut repanda
vel in eodem ramo subintegerrima (V. monogynum Bl.). He himself already
stated, as well as Koorders & Valeton later on, that these forms are

1 = Viburnum lutescens var. latifolium (Miq.) Hochr. in Candollea 5: 287. 1934.



144 R E 1 N W A R D T I A [VOL. i
1951] KERN': Viburnum in Malaysia 145

connected by numerous intermediates. Although it is likely that in future
Viburnum lutescens will be divided into various races, I do not believe
that Miquel's forms are of any systematic value.

Very striking is the variability as to the size of the fruit. In Borneo,
Hallier collected a specimen of a Viburnum, which I might consider to
be V. lutescens, deviating however from the Javanese plants by its much
larger, more flattened, broader fruits, 11—12 mm long, 7—8 mm wide.
These large fruits I also found in some specimens from the Malay
Peninsula (Henderson 11496, Henderson & Nur 11202, Ridley 13902),
which also otherwise agree with Hallier's plant. The leaves are very
minutely denticulate. However, also in Java and Sumatra plants occur
with hardly denticulate leaves, but with typical fruits. Moreover, in Van
Steenis 5923 from Atjeh I found fruits 11—12 mm in length but only 5
mm wide. Therefore I am not inclined for the present to segregate a
variety with large fruits.

The question whether Viburnum colebrookianum Wall, from the
Himalayan region should be united with the Malaysian Viburnum lutes-
cens or not seems to be still open. Hooker f. and Thomson mention the
Indian plant as Viburnum lutescens Bl., introducing V. colebrookianum
as a synonym. Maximowicz, however, is of the opinion that V. colebroo-
kianum differs from V. lutescens "corymbis subaphyllis axillaribus foliis
fere a basi granduisque serratis et drupa duplo minore ovata." Clarke
distinguished the two species as follows:

V. colebrookianum: corymbs on very short axillary branches, drupe ellipsoid,
1/5 by 1/6 in., seed hardly grooved;

V. lutescens: inflorescence terminal, berries • 1/3 in. long, narrowly obovoid-
oblong, with deeply grooved seed.

Koorders & Valeton also treated Viburnum colebrookianum as a
separate species: "foliis et inflorescentia valde similis sed ... endocarpium
vix sulcatum, albumen aequabile."

I only saw a few incomplete specimens of Himalayan Viburnum
colebrookianum. I could not find any differences with V. lutescens as to
the flowers. As the leaves of the latter are very variable, those of the
Himalayan plants are not particularly striking. However, the short-stalked
pseudaxillary inflorescences are remarkable indeed, although they are not
completely lacking in Malaysian Viburnum lutescens. The small fruits with
their less grooved endocarps are always characteristic and for the time
being I take Viburnum colebrookianum and V. lutescens to be two very
closely allied species. Surely the specimens from Kwantung, Hainan, Ton-
kin and Indochina I saw (Lei 246, How 72981, 73407, Balansa 4422, Squires

184, Tsiang Ying 1940, Petelot 6294), all distributed as V.colebroo--
kianum do not differ specifically from V. lutescens. It is also clear in my
opinion, that the Indochinese plant, described by Danguy in the "Flore
generale de l'lndochine" as V. colebrookianum is in reality V. lutescens.
"Inflorescences terminales ... Fruit ovale-aigu, long de 6—8 mm ... noyau
presentant un sillon sur la face ventrale, 2 sur la face dorsale", can only
refer to this species. By the way it may be noted that the measurements
of the flower given by Danguy (tube 1.5 mm, lobes 2.5 mm) and "ovaire
legerement pubescent," do not agree with any of the Indochinese speci-
mens examined.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — MALAY PENINSULA. P a h a n g. Telom, Ridley 1S902
(S) ; Ulu Telom, local name lahau, Jaamat 27270 (S) ; Fraser Hill, Henderson & Md.
Nur 11202 (B, S), Henderson 11496 (B), Holttum 21615 (S) ; Ulu Sungei Lemoi,
Jaamat 28114 (S). — SUMATRA. W i t h o u t e x a c t l o c a l i t y : Korthals s.n. (L).
A t j e h . Takingeun, van Steenis 5923 (A, B). E a s t C o a s t : Yates 1003 (A),
1197 (A, B) ; Bandarbaru, Lorzing AS66 (B), U7S2 (B, L, U ) ; Sukaradja, Cramer
64, 65 (B). T a p a n u l i . Upper Angkola, Junghuhn s.n. (B, L ) ; Lubu Radja, Jung-
huhn s.n. (L, U ) ; near Tobing, vern. name lakkatang, Junghuhn 132 (L). W e s t
C o a s t . Mt. Talakmau, Biinnemeijer 828, 867 ( B ) ; Gombok L a r a s Talang, Biinnemeijer
5686 (B) ; P a d a n g Pandjang, Schiffner 2624 (L) ; Mt. Kerintji, Biinnemeijer 8995 (B),
9059 (B, L, S), 9087, 9778 ( € , L ) . P a 1 e m b a n g. Mt. Dempo, Forbes 2254, 2530a
(L), cf. Moore in J. of Bot. 62, Suppl.: 46. 1924; Lake Ranau, vern. name kaju nassi,

'de Voogd 9 (B, L),J531 (B, L, S) ; margin of Lake Ranau, Forbes 2094 (G, L ) ; Mt.
Pesagi, van Steenis 364-0 (B, L ) . B e n k u 1 e n. ,Mt. Seminung, van Steenis 3965 (B,
L, S). L a m p u n g . W of Mt. T r a n g , Forbes 1526 (G, L ) ; Penanggungan, Forbes
1629, 1662 (G, L ) ; Hudjung, Forbes 1909 (L), cf. Moore in J. of Bot. 62: 46. 1924). —
JAVA. W i t h o u t e x a c t l o c a l i t y : Blume s.n. (L), vern. name k i randja,
Junghuhn 288, pi. ined. 76 (L), Horsfield s.n. (G), Korthals s.n. (L), Reinwardt s.n.
( L ) , Waitz s.n. ( L ) , Zollinger s.n. ( G ) , Forbes 1023 ( G ) . W E S T . W i t h o u t e x a c t
l o c a l i t y : Kuhl & Van Hasselt s.n. ( L ) . B a n t e n. F o r e s t - a r e a G u n u n g K a r a n g
n e a r P a n d e g l a n g , Koorders 1054 ( B , L ) , Backer 7482 ( B ) . D j a k a r t a . P u r w a k a r t a ,
Bakhuizen van den Brink 4271 (B) ; Gunung Sembung, Backer 12366 (B); Wanajasa,

^Backer 14109, 14300 (B), local name ki tahi (Sundanese), Bakhuizen, van den Brink
tUS9, 4795, 4802 (B), Wisse 1205, 1226 (L). B o g o r. Bogor, Boerlage s.n. (L), Hal-
lier s.n. (B), Bakhuizen van den Brink f. 1637 (B) ; Mt. Salak, local name ki laban,
Koorders 24176 (B, L), Backer 9336 (B), local name ki apo, Blume s.n. (as V.mono-
gynum Bl.) (L); N of Sindanglaja, Backer 21502 (B); Mt. Gede, vern. name ki
burrum, "Houtsoorten" (= kinds of wood) 39 (L), local name ki tampang lalakina,
"Houtsoorten" 646 (L); Tjibodas, Scheffer s.n. (B), local name ki kukuran, Koorders
1041 (B), 1044, 15579 (B, L), Arsin 19661 (B, L); local name ki kukuran, Kern 8058
(B), van Ooststroom 13905 (L), Bruggeman 586, 769 (B) ; Mt. Pangerango, Kern
7577 (B), van Ooststroom 12909 (L); Tjisarua, Kern 7543 (B), van Ooststroom 12740
(L); Perbawati, Mt. Gede, Holten s.n. (B) ; Mt. Beser, Winckel 212, 218 (B, L);
Tjibeureum-Tjidadap, Bakhuizen van den Brink f. 2827 (U); Tjidadap, Backer 22953
(B, L), Bakhuizen van den Brink 463 (B), 1508, 1623, (B, L) ; Tjadasmalang near



146
R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 1

Tiidadap Winekel 1578 (B, L, U), 1630 (B, L, S), local name ki rantja, Winckel Hi
(B L) • Tjampaka Gunung Karang, Smith 839 (B); Tjampaka, G. Beser Buwalda 3i7S
(B) • Tjisokan near Tjidadap, Winckel 666, 1673 (B, L) ; Palabuanratu, Koorders 1066
(B ' D - forest-area Takoka near Tjiandjur, local name kibewok, Koorders 1037,
25794 (B L); forest-area Tjigenteng, local names ki rantja, ki bewok, Koorders 26273
(B D- Mt Patuha, Blume s.n. (L), Backer 12771 (B); Lembang (coll) (L). P r i-
a n g a ' n Without exact locality: Junghuhn s.n. (L), Reinwardt s.n. (L), Warburg
2988 (A) • Manglajang, "Houtsoorten" (= kinds of wood) 288 (U); Tjimangliet,
Bakhuizen van den Brink f. 3120 (U); Bandung, Dago-fall, van Steenis 1625 (B) ;
Dago Koorders 44315 (B), Popta s.n. (B) ; Bandung, Damme s.n. (B) ; Bandung,
Kendeng Rantja Bolang, Smith & Rant 290, 295 (B, L ) ; Riung Guneng, Smith &
Rant 418 (B) • Gunung Palasari near Bandung, Wisse 1039 (L) ; Pengalengan, Jung-
huhn sn ( B ' L , U), local name lakkatang, "Houtsoorten" (= kinds of wood) 132
(L) Teysma'nn s.n. (L); Mt. Malabar, local name keketjehan, Scheffer s.n. (B),
Anderson sn. (G); Mt. Papandajan, Korthals s.n., (L) ; from Mt. Papandajan to
Mt Djaja Tegal pandjang, van Steenis 4885, 12626 (B) ; Mt. Guntur, Koens 76 (B) ;
Garut vern name ki kukuran, Burck s.n. (B); Telagabodas, Korthals s.n. (L), vern.
name'ki bewok, Reinwardt s.n. (L), Hasskarl s.n. (B), Boerlage s.n. (L), Burck 110
(B) Koens 310 (B), Sehiffner 2625 (L), Backer 33030 (B) ; forest-area Pangentjongan-
Telagabodas vern. name ki bewok (Sundanese), Koorders 1038 (B), 1050 (B, L),
13843 14158 (B), 26468 (A, B, L, U), 26818 (B, L, S ) ; Mt. Tjikuraj, near Waspada,
Backer 5395 (B); Mt. Sawal, above Tjikoneng, Backer 8443 (B, L ) ; Lake Pendjalu,
forest reservation Nusagede, Koorders 47945 (B, L) ; Mt. Tjikorang above Maleer,
vern names mara, ki bewok (Sundanese), Backer 86fO (B) ; Bukit Djarian, Wisse
938 (B) C h e r ib on. Tjiratjas, Blume s.n. (L). CENTRE. T e g a l . Bumidjawa, local
name taj korres, Koorders 1039 (B). B a n j u m a s . Mt. Tjendana near Madjenang,
Backer 18661 (B); Mt. Slamet, near Baturaden, vern. name tjempagan (Javanese),
Backer 320 (B); N of Purwokerto, Backer 133 ( B ) ; ' Sindang Panon estate near
Purwokerto, vern. name kitahi, Estate-manager s.n. (B); Midangan mountains near
Pringombo 'Koorders 1062 (B); Dieng, local name kaju gambir, Junghuhn 180 (L).
K e d u Bati Kalangan, Waitz s.n. (L); Mt. Sundoro, Koorders 11278 (B); E Sundoro,
local names tementilan, waru watu (Javanese), honing 225 (B) ; Tjandiroto, Lor-
-ing 172 (B) • Temanggung, local name tjere (Javanese), Sumardjo Ja2i75 (A, B,
n- Ungaran' Junghuhn s.n. (L, U), Koorders 1057 (B), Docters van Leeuwen s.n,
(B) • forest-area Telomojo, local name tjere (Javanese), Koorders 27669, 35899, 35900,
35901 (B), van der Goot i (B); Selapradja — Mt. Telomojo, Docters van Leeuwen 173
(B) • Mt Merapi (Andong), local name kutadang, Junghuhn s.n. (L), local name tjere,
Koorders 36622 36642 (B). S e m a r a n g. Getasan near Salatiga, Docters van Leeuwen
1133 (B) J o g j a k a r t a . Mt. Merapi, local name kututan (Javanese), Zuidema
Ja2565 (A B) ; above Kaliurang, Brinkman 428 (B). EAST. M a d i u n. Mt. Lawu,
Bmnendijk s.n. (B), Backer 6705 (B), local name kututan Jacobson s.n..JB) ; Ml-
Wilis, forest-area Ngebel, Koorders 23170, 29176 (B, L ) . K e d i n M K a m ,
ffoordew 23874 (B, L). P a s u r u a n. Above Djunggo, Altmann U65 ( B ) ; Mt. Wehrang,
IltmZ 258 B; Djungo above Punten, van Steenis 2536 (B) ; Gebok Klakka,
Zollinaer 2i96 (B); Mt. Tengger, Buysman 151 (U), local name djurang (Javanese),

S 675 (B) ; Tosari, Kertanom, Kobus 173 (B) ; Mt. Semeru, Ranu Darungan,
' {B); from Semeru-farm to Sendura, van Steenis 7327 (A, B, L);

(B) f t S b i t k i l vern
ZZeenisnOS {B); from Semerufarm t o S e ,

Mt Widodaren S of Mt. Semeru, Backer 360U (B) ; forest-area Sumbeitangkil, vern.

1951] KEEN: Viburnum, in Malaysia 147

name kendal sapi (Javanese), Koorders 23574 (B, L); Pudjon, Ultee 56 (B); Tokol,
• Verhoef 37 (B, L). B e s u k i . Ijang-plateau, van Steenis 10883 (A, B, S), 11957 (B) ;
Sukasari, Raap 585 (L); forest-area Pantjur-Idjen, local name porkuporan, Koorders
1063, 12831, l%407, 14896, 20527 (B), 28524 (B, L), 28525 (B, L, S, U), 32306, 32473
(B). — B O R N E O . W i t h o u t e x a c t l o c a l i t y : Korthals s.n. (L). N . B o r n e o .
Tambato, Tambunan, Puasa Angian 4019 (S). W. B o r n e o . Gunung Damus, Hallier
f. 607 (B, L). — BALI. Mt. Abang, van Steenis 8066 (B); Agung, de Voogd 2170,
(A, B, L), 2198 (B). — LOMBOK. Mt. Rindjani, Zollinger s.n. (B), Elbert 1620,
1750, 1807, 1853, 2136 (L), Gruendler 2261 (L), de Voogd 2699, 2710 (B)..

11. VIBURNUM JUNGHUHNII Miq. — Fig. 7. "

Viburnum junghuhnii Miquel, Fl. Ind. bat. 2: 123. 1856; Koorders & Valeton,
Bijdr. Booms. Java 5: 47. 1900; Koorders, Exkursionsfl. Java 3: 286. 1912.

Viburnum lutescens Blume sensu Hallier f. in Med. Rijks-Herb. No. 1: 15. 1911,

Subarborescent shrub or small, freely branching, crooked tree, up
to 18 m. Bark greyish brown, lenticellate. Branchlets angular, glabrous.
Petioles brown to reddish-brown, channelled above, somewhat stellately
pubescent, glabrescent, 1.5—2.5(—4) cm long. Leaf-blades coriaceous,
broad-elliptic, obovate-elliptic to nearly lanceolate, rounded or short-acum-
inate at the apex, more or less attenuate toward the base, slightly decur-
rent on the petiole, often somewhat inequilateral, somewhat revolute. in dry
state, closely crenate-dentate with apiculate teeth, at first brownish, later
on shining green above, paler beneath, glabrous, (4)—8—12.5 cm long,
3—8 cm wide; nervation impressed above, very prominent beneath; pri-
mary side-nerves 5—7 on each side of the midrib, arcuately ascending,
anastomosing, connected by distinct transverse veins. Inflorescence ter-
minal or pseudolateral on short 2-leaved branchlets, paniculate, short-
pyramidal, up to 5 cm long and 8 cm wide; lower ramifications 3—5-nately
whorled, upper ones alternate; peduncle 3—6 cm long, bracteoles small,
lanceolate to ovate, up to 4 mm long, caducous. Flowers fully 5 mm wide,
fragrant. Calyx-limb about 1 mm long, distinctly toothed; teeth ovate-
triangular. Corolla creamy white, globular in bud, rotate-campanulate
when open, glabrous; tube short, fully 1 mm long, lobes up to 2 mm,
.ovate, rounded. Stamens hardly exserted; filaments short and thick,
'flattened, in bud with inflexed top, the inferior part adnate to the corolla
0-5—1 mm, the free part 1.5—2 mm long; anthers elliptic, 1 mm long.
Ovary cylindrical, glabrous, about 2 mm long. Drupe obovoid, 7—9 by
5—6 mm, compressed; endocarp slightly undulate in cross-section and
with strongly incurved edges, the ventral side therefore deeply intruding,
embracing a broad, bilobate cavity.

ECOLOGY. — In forests, obviously restricted to the higher mountain
[regions, from 2300 m upward.

The description of Miquel runs as follows:—
"Arboreum, ramuli tetragoni, (an juniores etiam?) glabri, petioli 1—fere 1%

pollicares antice canaliculati, folia obverse oblonga usque lato-elliptica brevi-acuminata



148 R E 1 N W A R D T I A
[VOL. 1 1951] KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia 149

vel obtusa, supra basin acutam vel subacutam vulgo inaequalem dense aequaliter gros-
siuscule serrata, coriacea, supra nitida, subtus pallida nunc glaberrima ad lentem minute
verrucellosa, costulis 6—7 adscendentibus demum transverse venosis pertensa, 4—1%
poll, longa, thyrsi ramulos terminantes, ramis primariis 5—7 verticillatis superne
subpaniculato-ramulosis, bracteae bracteolaeque lanceolatae, flores in ramulis ultimis
sessiles subconferti, baccae obovoideae vel ellipticae angulato-compressae, dentibus
calycis 5 ovatis concavis brevibus stigmateque subsessili coronatae". — Miquel (PL
Ind. bat. 2: 123. 1856).

This description is rather insufficient for the identification of the
plant. Up to the present little is known about Viburnum junghuhnii,
undoubtedly a well-marked species. Koorders & Valeton in their "Bijdra-
gen tot de kennis der boomsoorten op Java" (Contributions to the know-
ledge of the trees in Java) cite Miquel's description. They add that neither
in the description nor in,the authentic specimen of Junghuhn, in which
flowers and fruits were said to be absent, could they find an essential
difference with Viburnum sundaicum Miq. (= V. lutescens Bl.) ; only the
leaves were small and the inflorescence quite glabrous; Junghuhn's plant
originating from Mt. Dieng in Central Java had not yet been traced again
in that locality. They suppose that it is not out of the question, that a few
sterile specimens of Viburnum, collected in Central Java, may belong to
this species ("or variety"). From what they say it is clear, that Viburnum
junghuhnii must greatly resemble Viburnum lutescens. Miss G. J. A..
Amshoff in her elaboration of the genus Viburnum in Backer's "Beknopte
Flora van Java," (Nooduitgave, fam. 175: 4. 1945) has contributed much
to the solution of the question. She has found a Viburnum, originating
from West-Java, which might easily be confounded with V. lutescens.
She takes it for V. junghuhnii, and I can wholly agree with her. She did
not see the flowers, but in the fruits she has found a difference with
V. lutescens, described as follows: "Endocarp nearly plane on the dorsal
side, on the ventral side with a deep, in cross-section bilobate groove."
Among the material of Viburnum lutescens in Herbarium Bogoriense I
found some further specimens, fully answering to this description. Com-
parison with Junghuhn's type-specimen which does bear fruits, has
convinced me of the correctness of Miss Amshoff's interpretation. The
specimen Lorzing 609 bears one rather young inflorescence; as far as
I can judge from the few flowers I could examine they also resemble
those of Viburnum lutescens. They are somewhat larger than is usual
in the latter, the ovary being about 2 mm long, the corolla 3 mm.
The filaments are somewhat stouter, the anthers larger. Whereas in
Viburnum lustecens the filaments are inserted near the base of the
corolla, in V. junghuhnii they are distinctly adnate to the tube in the



150 REINWARDTIA [VOL. i

lower 0.5—1 mm. The shape of the fruit is undoubtedly different from
that of V. luteseens, not oblong, but shorter, obovate. Notwithstanding the
different cross-section of the endocarp, Viburnum junghuhnii may be
allied to V. luteseens, but on the other hand the affinity to the Viburnums
with incurved endocarp cannot be denied. The endocarp of V. junghuhnii
is both undulate and incurved. The insertion of the filaments also seems
to point to the latter relationship. The leaves of Viburnum junghuhnii
are more coriaceous than those of V. luteseens, but this cannot easily be
judged from dried material. The primary nerves are generally more
prominent than in V. luteseens. The inflorescence is not quite glabrous;
the axes are more or less stellate-pubescent, at least in a young stage.

Lorzing evidently saw the differences with V. luteseens. To his spec-
imen 472 of V. luteseens he added: "Under no. 472 a branchlet, which
is similar to this species. The find-spot has escaped my memory, although
1 am nearly sure, that it originates from more than 1700 m altitude,
quite possibly from N Sundoro, about 2600 m. Vide no 609." Both 472a

and 609 are indeed V. junghuhnii.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — SUMATRA. W e s t C o a s t . Mt. Korintji, cloud forest,
2700 m, shrub, fruits red, fr., Aug. 1931, Frey Wyssling 108 (B). — JAVA. WEST
JAVA. P r i a n g a n . Talun Kulon, fr., April 1909, Sugandiredja 118 (B, L). CENTRAL
JAVA. Dieng, in silvis, 50—60 ped., nom. vern. per kottot, fr., Martio, Junghuhn s.n.,
type (U, dupl. in L 899. 69. — 333);. Dieng, Vorderman s.n. (B) (?, specimen very
defect); Mt. Perahu, SE part of Perahu-ridge, in open forest, rather frequent, 2500
m, moist soil rich in humus, subarborescent shrub or small, much branched, crooked tree,
about 5 m high, free flowering and fruiting, flowers fragrant (as in Sambuciis),
corolla rotate, cream-coloured; petioles and peduncles brown to reddish-brown, young
leaves quite or partly brownish, local name wuru-watu (Javanese), fl. fr., Aug. 1912,
Lorzing 609 (B) ; Mt. Sundoro, 2600 m, fr., June 1912, Lorzing U72a (B) (see above).
EAST JAVA. Kraksaan, Ijang reservation, near Tamankering, 2500—2600 m, fr., Sept.
1934, Ja2993 (B, L); Lumadjang, Mt. Tengger, near Ranu Pani, 2300 m, local name

. kidangan (Javanese), fr., Sept. 1933, de Jong Ja2662 (B).

12. Viburnum amplificatum Kern, spec. nov. — Fig. 8.

Viburnum sp. Merrill in Univ. Cal.^Publ. Bot. 15: 297. 1929.

Arbor humilis. Petioli glabri, 2—4 cm longi. Lamina foliorum sub-
coriacea, utrimque glabra, opaca, in sicco supra olivacea infra brunea,
elliptico-oblonga vel leviter obovata, usque ad 26 cm longa, 12—14 cm
lata, integra, basi cuneata vel subrotundata, apice abrupte breviter acu-
minata, in pagina inferiore in axillis nervorum glandulis carentia, nervis
primariis utrimque 5—7 sursum curvatis supra indistinctis infra pro-
minentibus, venis transversalibus distinctis. Infructescentia umbellata,
corymbosa, plus minusve 13 cm diametro, radiis primariis 7—8 usque
ad 4 cm longis. Drupa oblonga, valde compressa, utrimque distincte sul-

1951] KEEN: Viburnum in Malaysia 151

8. Viburnum amplificatum Kern: a, twig, 0.5 X; &, fruit, 1.5 X; c, cross-sectior
through fruit, 1.5 X. — After Elmer 21741 (type).



152 R E I N W A R D T I A
[VOL. 1

cata nigra 16 mm longa 7 mm lata; endocarpium incurvatum, a dorso
late'sulcatum, a ventresulco lato prof undo bilobato praeditum.

Coarse shrub-like tree. Branches horizontally spreading and mostly
in whorls branchlets greyish brown, nearly terete, lenticellate, glabrous.
Leaf-blades thinly coriaceous, dull, dark olivaceous above brown beneath
glabrous on both sides, neither glandular pitted at the base nor bearded
fn the nerve-axns, elliptic-oblong to slightly obovate, the larger ones up
to 26 cmlong 12-14 cm wide; apex abruptly short-acuminate (the
acumen 0 5 - 1 cm long, rather blunt), base cuneate to somewhat rounded
and slightly decSrent on the petiole, margin entire, sometimes remotely
and obcurely undulate; nervation rather indistinct above prominent
S e a t h primary side-nerves 5 - 7 on each side of the midrib, arising
at an angle of 45-60° to it, curved upward toward the margin and
anastomoSne close by it, connected by distinct transverse veins. In-
fructescence 3 - 4 times umbellately branched, corymbiform, about 13
cm in diamet-r, with nearly glabrous axes; peduncle stout, about 7 cm
long primary rays 7—8, up to 4 cm long. Drupe oblong, very slightly
d S e d upwards dorsiventrally much flattened, with a distinct groove
on both sidesi black, 16 mm long, 7 mm wide; endocarp with a broad
shallow longitudinal groove on the dorsal side, the incurved edges forming
a deep broad in cross-section bilobate furrow on the ventral side.

TYPE. — Elmer 21741 (G). .

As there are only fruiting twigs available, the description must remain
incomplete for the time being. The new species is readily recognizable by
its large leaves and fruits and by the cross-section of the endocarp, remind-
ing one of Viburnum junghnhnii. This type of endocarp I have not ye.
met with in other Bornean species of Viburnum.

Merrill, Enum. Philip, fl. PI. 3: 577. 1923; Merrill in Lingnan Sci. J. 9: 44. 1930.—
Microtinus odoratissimus (Ker) Oersted in Vid. Meddel. Kjobenh. 1860: 294. 1861.

Viburnum hasseltii Miquel, PL Ind. bat. 2: 123. 1856; Koorders & Valeton,
Bijdr. Booms. Java 5: 46. 1900; Koorders, Exkursionsfl. Java 3: 286. 1912.

Viburnum arboricolum Hayata, Ic. PL form. 4: 12 t.l. 1914.
Viburnum Uukiuense Nakai in 3. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo 42: 22. 1921.
Viburnum zambalense Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 9: 3181. 1934.

Evergreen, crooked shrub or small tree, sometimes up to 20 m (Koor-
ders). Branches and branchlets terete, greyish, densely warty-lenticellate,
glabrous, only the youngest parts with a few stellate hairs. Petioles short,
(0.5—) 1—2 cm, channelled above. Leaf-blades more or less coriaceous,
dull or somewhat shining green above, paler beneath, smooth, upper side
glabrous, under side also glabrous or with a few scattered stellate hairs
and somewhat bearded in the nerve-axils, elliptic-oblong to oblong-lanceol-
ate or obovate, 8—15 cm long, 3—7 cm wide; apex shortly and bluntly
acuminate, rarely rounded or even emarginate, base gradually tapering
into the petiole, margin in the upper half obsoletely and widely, sometimes
distinctly toothed or nearly entire, cartilaginous, somewhat revolute in
dry state; nervation slightly impressed above, prominent beneath; primary
side-nerves 5—7 on each side'of the midrib, at an angle of about 60°
to it, arcuately ascending, evanescent and indistinctly anastomosing'
near the margin, connected by delicate transverse veins. Inflorescence
terminal, paniculate, more or less elongated pyramidal, 3 times panieulate-
ly branched, up to 10 cm long and wide, many-flowered, with slightly
stellate-pubescent, glabrescent axes; peduncle 2—5 cm long; primary
branches verticillate, divaricate, bracteoles linear-lanceolate, ciliate,
1—3 mm long. Flowers fragrant, 5—6 mm wide. Calyx-limb cupular, 1
mm long, with broad-triangular acute teeth, glabrous or sparsely ciliate.
Corolla obovoid to ellipsoid-obovoid in bud, shortly funnelshaped-campan-
ulate when open, creamy white, glabrous or sometimes with some stellate
hairs on the outside, tube gradually widened towards the top, 2—3 mm
long; limb horizontally spreading, finally reflexed, with broad-ovate,
rounded, somewhat overlapping lobes, 2 mm long. Stamens exserted;
filaments adnate to the throat of the corolla, flattened, in bud inflexed at
the top, 2—3 mm long; anthers oblong, 1.5—1.75 mm long. Ovary at first
cylindrical, later on somewhat fusiform, glabrous, 1.5—2 mm long. Fruit
ovoid, 6—7 mm long, 4—5 mm wide, turning from green through red to
Purplish-black; endocarp dorsiventrally compressed and strongly incurv-
ed, in outline orbicular or angular in cross-section, the edges nearly
touching, the ventral side strongly concave, embracing a cavity of 1.5—2
rctni diameter. Seed strongly dorsiventrally compressed, falcate in cross-
section, 1 mm thick.

ECOLOGY. — In primary forests, ravines, thickets, etc. Only in the
higher mountain regions, from 1000 to 2000 m upwards. Flowering and
tfuiting throughout the year.

USE. — Not recorded.



154
R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 1

1951] KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia 155

DISTRIBUTION. — From Eastern India to Indo-China, Eastern China
and Formosa, northward to Japan; in Malaysia in the Philippines (Luzon,
Mindoro, Panay, Negros, Leyte, Mindanao) and in Celebes.

The above description only refers to the Malaysian material. In
studying the specimens of Viburnum odoratissimum in Herbarium Bo-
goriense I was much surprised to see that the descriptions of most of the
authors are not quite applicable to the Malaysian form. The main differ-
ences concern the shape and the dimensions of the corolla. Some of those
descriptions I may cite here.

Viburnum odoratissimum has been described as a new species by
Ker-Gawler, in 1820. According to him the corolla is rather fleshy, turbin-
ately rotate, white, caducous, turning yellow or buff as it fades, tube three
times the length of the calyx or more, with an open dilated orifice, limb
rather longer than the tube, revolutely reflexed in the end, segments
rounded convex, the filaments adnate to the tube, divaricate, equal to

FIG. 9. Viburnum, odoratissimum Ker-Gawl.: a, corolla of Chun 5216 (Hongkong);
6, same of Elmer 16965 (Philippines) ; c, same of Maximowicz s.n. (Yokohama).

the limb, subulate, white, stiff, permanent. In De Candolle's "Prodromus"
Viburnum odoratissimum is found under the heading "corollae rotatae
aut vix subcampaniformis." Hooker f. & Thomson also say: "corolla par-
va, rotata." Oersted divided the genus Viburnum into five genera; concern-
ing the corolla of his genus Microtinus, to which Viburnum odoratissimum
is referred, he says: "corolla parva, rotata, quinquefido, lobis obtusis."
I also draw attention to his description of the stamens: "stamina quinque
immo tubo inserta." Danguy described the corolla as "blanche, rotacee,
sub-campanulee, glabre, tube de 1,5 mm, lobes de 2,5 mm, obtus, etales"
and the filament as "long de 3—4 mm, insere vers le milieu du tube de la

corolle."
The corolla in at least the greater part of the Malaysian specimens,

however, cannot be called rotate and hardly subcampanulate. The tube

being about 3 mm, somewhat widened upward, the lobes about 2 mm,
spreading horizontally in full flower, finally reflexed, it is shortly salver-
shaped rather than rotate-subcampanulate. The filaments are about 2 mm
long, adnate to the throat of the corolla.

K. Koch distinguished two related species, Viburnum odoratissimum
s.s. and V. awabuki K. Koch, the latter with "rundlichen, flach ausgebrei-
teten Abschnitten kiirzer als die Blumenrohre, wahrend sie bei dem na-
hestehenden V. odoratissimum langer erscheinen." In spite of the asser-
tions of Maximowicz and Rehder I was at first inclined to believe that the
Malaysian plants are not conspecific with Ker's Viburnum odoratissimum,
but that they might belong to V. awabuki. Maximowicz in his enumeration
of the Viburnum-species of Eastern Asia, discussing the taxonomic value
of the different organs, asserts: "Nee magis ad sectiones stabiliendas valet
corollae forma, dum adsunt species flore absente nequaquam distinguen-
dae, dum adest imo una (V. odoratissimum) ubi corolla variat subrotata
et tubulosa." (op. cit., p. 644). On page 50 he argues that the two species,
distinguished by Koch, cannot be maintained, as the plant of Kiusiu seen
by him is intermediate between the Nippon specimen with the tube twice
as long as the limb, and the Lutschu specimen with the tube shorter
than the limb. Rehder, in Sargent's "Trees and Shrubs," also ascribes to
Viburnum odoratissimum a rotate or campanulate corolla. According to
him the northern .form, in which the tube of the corolla is longer than
the limb, distinguished by K. Koch as Viburnum awabuki, is hardly well
marked enough to deserve varietal rank.

No more than with actual V. odoratissimum do the Malaysian spec-
imens agree with the Japanese plants, in which the tube of the corolla is
still longer.

In Nakai's "Tentamen systematis Caprifoliacearum japonicarum,"
1921, Viburnum odoratissimum s.l. is divided into three species, the new
V. liukiuense being intermediate between V. odoratissimum s.s. and V.
awabuki. The differences given between V. odoratissimum and V. liukiu-

ense did not convince me that the latter should deserve specific rank. It
is said to differ in its evanescent pith, the more persistent bracteoles,
the more shining leaves, and the reddish branchlets and petioles; like
V. odoratissimum it has a depressed conical inflorescence and a short
tube of the corolla. I must confess my inability to decide whether the Malay-
sian plants are identical with V. liukiuense or not. In my opinion even the
leaves of the Chinese specimens I examined are more shining than those
of the Malaysian ones. These seem to agree completely with Viburnum

arboricolum Hayata. The flower represented in "Icones plantarum for-



156 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 1 1951] KERN : Viburnum in Malaysia

mosanarum" (4: t. 1 fig. 2. 1914), is identical with that of the common
Malaysian form; the description, too, could have been prepared after a
Malaysian specimen: "corolla cylindrico-campanulata utraque glabra 5
nim longa, tubo 3 mm longo totiusque lato, lobis late cordato-rotundatis
2 mm longis totiusque latis apice rotundatis basi cordatis, partibus cor-
datis imbricatis margine integris vel obscure crenulatis." In comparing
V. arboricolum with V. odoratissimum Hayata mentions only the darker
green lusterless leaves. It is curious that Nakai, on the contrary, ascribes
dull leaves to V. odoratissimum. Indeed he cites V. arboricolum as a
synonym of V. odoratissimum, this, however, in spite of the fact that
the tube of the corolla is longer than the limb. On his "Tabula distribu-
tionis" (op. cit., p. 121), the Philippine plant is also considered by Nakai as
Viburnum odoratissimum.

Elmer described his number 22336 from Mt. Pinatubo, Luzon, as
a new species, Viburnum zambalense. It is not clear whether he regards
all Philippine 'odoratissimum' as belonging to his new species or only
those with entire leaves. At any rate it is impossible to separate Elmer
22336 specifically from the other Philippine specimens. His description
of the flower is correct, probably except for the statement "up to 8 mm
in length," for I never saw such large flowers in any Philippine specimen
and the flowers of Elmer's type-specimen do not deviate from the common
form. The shape of the leaves is extremely variable. Instructive in this
respect is for instance Ramos & Edano 40460, with clearly toothed and
entire, long- and short-acuminate, rounded and somewhat emarginate,
obovate and elliptic-lanceolate leaves in one specimen.

Chinese Viburnum odoratissimum has indeed a more rotate-campanul-
ate corolla, the tube being about 1.5 mm, the spreading lobes about 2 mm
long. Yet the difference with the Malaysian and Formosan plants in this
respect is not so great as it seems to be, for there are Philippine spec-
imens, although rare, with the tube equal to the limb. In the Chinese form
too the filaments are adnate to the throat of the corolla. •

Summarizing I am of opinion that the separation of Viburnum
liukiuense, V. arboricolum, and V. zambalense has not contributed to the
solution of the difficulties in this group. For the present I regard them
as belonging to the polymorphous species Viburnum odoratissimum.
The continental plants can perhaps be segregated on account of the length
of the tube of the corolla and the indument, but then the insular ones un-
doubtedly still contain several races, which may be recognized only by a
comparative study of extensive material from the whole area.

157

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — JAVA. W E S T JAVA. Mt. Pangerango 1 , Kuhl & Van Has-

selt s.n. (type of Viburnum hasseltii Miq.) ( L ) . — C E L E B E S . Porema, Kjellberg 2673
(B). M a n a d o . Mt. Klabat, local name makijau, Koorders 16358, 16359, 16360
(B), 16361, 16363, 16364, 16365 (B, L), Steup bbl8094 (B), bbl8101 (B, L) ; from Ka-
kaskassen to summit of Mt. Lokon, local name kupai dano, Koorders 16357 ( B ) ; summit
of Mt. Lokon, local name pakawai kokkok randang, Koorders 16362 (B, L ) ; Soputau-
mountains, local name makanden intjuntung, Koorders 16356 (B, L). C e l e b e s .
Enrekang, valley S of Masimbollong, Eyma 997 (B). — P H I L I P P I N E S . LUZON.
I f u g a o . Mt. Polis, McGregor B.S. 19854 (A, B, G, S). C a g a y a n. Mt. Dos Cuernos,
Ramos B.S.77042 (S). A b r a : Darling F.B.14602 (L) ; Massisiat, Mt. Portoc, Alcasid
1595 (B). L e p a n t o: Com. fl. for. Fil. 1491 ( L ) ; Mt. Sinapsapan, Ramos & Edano B.S.
40460, 40465 (A). B o n t o e : Vanoverbergh 191 (G, L ) ; Bauco, Vanoverbergh B.S.3993
(A); Mt. Caua, Ramos & Edano B.S.37991 (A, B), 38024 (A, G), 38053 (A, L ) . B e n-
g u e t : Barnes F.B.933, 938 (B, S), Darling 14441 (B, L), Curran, F.B.I 08 41 (B), Leano
F.B.21837 (G); Rio Trinidad, Ramos B.S.15558 (B) ; Baguio, Elmer 5879, 5920 (B), 8415,
8696 (A, B, L), Merritt F.BJ4151 (B), Sandkuhl B-S.61 (A), Mearns B.S.2520 (S),
Williams 1042 (G) ; Mt. Tonglon, Merritt F.B.14169 (L) ; Mt. Pulog, Curran-Merritt-
Zschokke F.B.I8205 (L) ; Pauai, Mearns B.S.4410 (L), Clemens B.S.9153 (A), Santos
B-S.3177.2 ( S ) ; S a b l a n g , F e n i x B . S . 4 6 9 ( I T ) . N u e v a V i z c a y a . V i c i n i t y o f D u p a x , '
McGregor B.S.11194 ( L ) . N u e v a E e i j a : Alvarez F.B.22440 ( L ) . P a m p a n g a.

Camp Stotsenburg (Mt. Pinatubo), Elmer 22195 (B, G, L, S), 22336 (type of Viburnum,
zambalense Elm.) (B, G, L, S). B a t a n. Lamao River, Mt. Mariveles, Ahern's
collector, F.B.1512 ( B , S ) . R i z a l : Loher B.S.14209 ( B ) , Ramos B.S.1957 ( B , G, L,

S); Balacbac, Loher B.S.13023 (B), 13041 (A); Bantol, Loher B.S.14145 (A); Boso-
boso, Ramos B.S.2097 ( B ) ; Mt. Canumay, Ramos B.S.13771 ( L ) ; Mt. Lumutan,
Ramos B.S. 42145 ( S ) ; M o n t a l b a n , Loher B.S.12961, 13177 (A). L a g u n a : Sulit

students F.B.31083, 31422 ( S ) ; M t . B a n a j a o , Ocampo B.S.27941 ( S ) . T a y a b a s -

L u c b a n , Elmer 7898, 9201, 9231 (A, B, L ) . C a m a r i n e s : Ramos B.S.1559 ( B , L,

S ) ; M t . B a g a c a y , Ramos & Edano B.S.33856 ( S ) . S o r s o g o n: Ramos B.S. 23409

(A, B, G, L), 23433 (A, B, G, L, S) ; Irosin (Mt. Bulusan), Elmer 14371, 16965 (A,
B, G, L, U ) . — MlNDORO. M"t. Calavite, Ramos B.S.39489 (A); Pinamala-yan, Ramos
B.S.41007 (A, B, S). — P A N A Y . Mt. Macosolon, Ramos & Edano B.S.30786 ( S ) . —
NEGROS. Du.maguete (Cuernos Mts.), Elmer 9968 (A, B, L ) . — L E Y T E : Wenzel 620
(A, G); Mt. Abucayan, Edano B.S.41772 (A, B, L, S), 41802 (A).—MINDANAO. S u -
it i d n o n. Mahilucot River, Ramos & Edano B.S.38662 (A, S ) ; Mt. Candoon, Ramos
& Edano B.S.S8902 (A, S). D a v a o. Todayo (Mt. Apo), Elmer 11441 (A, B, (?, L,U).

14. Viburnum clemensae Kern, spec. nov. — Fig. 10.
Arbor humilis sempervirens. Petioli glabri, 1—2.5 cm longi. Lamina

foliorum coriacea, opaca, in sicco supra olivacea, infra luteo- vel bruneo-
viridia, utrimque glabra, sub lente minute papilloso-rugulosa, in axillis
nervorum primariis secundariisque glandulas gerentia, elliptica, oblongo-

elliptica vel leviter obovata, 9—11.5 cm longa, 3.5—5.5 cm lata, apice
abrupte breviter acuminata usque subcaudata interdum rotundata, basi

Presumably a misstatement. The plant has never been traced again in West
java. See Amshoff (Caprifoliaceae, p. 3 in Backer, Bekn. flora J a v a , Nooduitg.) and
also Hallier (in Med. Rijks-Herb. No. 1: 15. 1911; No. 12: 37. 1912).



158
RE IN WARDTIA [VOL.- i 1951] KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia 159

cuneata, margine integra, nervis primariis utrimque 4-—5 supra indistinctis
infra prominentibus arcuato-adscendentibus prope marginem evanescenti-
bus et anastomosantibus, venis indistinctis. Infructescentia subsessilis
4—8 cm longa, paniculata, bis terve ramosa. Drupa ellipsoidea vel oblongo-
obovoidea, haud compressa, 1 cm longa 6—7 mm diametro, nitida, calycis
dentibus triangularibus 0.75 mm longis et stylo late conico 1 mm longo
coronata; endocarpium valde incurvatum, dorso sectione transversa
orbiculato, marginibus inter se attingentibus, ventre cristam internam
longitudinalem 2—2.5 mm latam superne vix dilatatam formante.

Small, evergreen tree. Branchlets crooked, terete, hardly lenticellate,
glabrous, with greyish brown, cracking bark. Petioles channelled above,
glabrous, 1—2.5 cm long. Leaf-blades coriaceous, dull, in dry state oliv-
aceous above, yellowish or brownish green beneath, glabrous on both
sides, minutely papillose-rugulose all over (under a magnifying glass),
glandular-pitted at the under side both in the axils of the primary and
secondary side-nerves, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate or slightly obovate,
9—11.5 cm long, 3.5—5.5 cm wide, often inequilateral and somewhat
falcate; apex abruptly short-acuminate to nearly caudate, rarely rounded,
base cuneate and slightly decurrent on the petiole, margin entire, cartilag-
inous, somewhat revolute in dry state; midrib and primary side-nerves
rather indistinct above, prominent beneath, the latter ones arcuately
ascending, evanescent and arcuately anstomosing near the margin, 4—5 on
each side of the midrib; veins indistinct. Inflorescence terminal, nearly
sessile, small, 4(—8) cm long, paniculate, 2—3 times paniculately branch-
ed, the lowest branches ternately whorled, the middle ones opposite,
the upper ones alternate; bracteoles minute, lanceolate, caducous, leaving
ciliate scars. Flowers unknown. Drupe ellipsoid or oblong-obovoid, not
compressed, 1 cm long, 6—7 mm across, shining, the persistent calyx-
teeth triangular, 0.75 mm long, the persistent style thickly conical, 1 mm,
with 3-lobed stigma; mesocarp thin, scanty fleshy; endocarp strongly
incurved, the dorsal side orbicular in cross-section, the edges touching,
the ventral side folded to an internal longitudinal crest, which is usually
2:—2.5 mm broad and slightly widened at the upper margin, here embrac-
ing a cavity of about 0.5 mm diameter. Seed dorsiventrally compressed,
reniform in cross-section, 2 mm thick.

T Y P E . — Clemens 29978 (A).

Although the flowers are wanting in the available specimens, it
seems to be clear that the species is related to Viburnum odoratissimum,
from which it is easily distinguishable by the minutely rugulose leaves,
the indistinct venation of the leaves, the smaller number of primary side-

FiG. 10

EXPLANATION OF FIGURE 10

FIG. 10. Viburnum clemensae Kern: a, twig, 0.5 X; b, leaf, under side, 0.5 X5
<;, part of same, showing glandular pits; d, leaf, 0.5 x ; e, fruit, somewhat enlarged;
f cross-section through fruit, 1.5 X. — a, e, /, after Clemens 29978, b, c, after

Clemens 29466, d, after Clemens 31500. .



160 REINWARDTI A
[VOL. 1 1951] KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia 161

nerves, but mainly by the size of the fruit and the quite different cross-
section of the endocarp.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — BORNEO. C o l o n y o f N o r t h B o r n e o . Mt. Kina-
balu: tree, fruit red, August 3, 1937, J. A. Grisioold Jr. 96; Tenompok, 5000 ft., flower-
buds green, fruit light green, May 2, 1932, Clemens 29466; same locality, fruit pink,
t u r n i n g red, May 3, 1932, Clemens 30356; same locality, fruit red, J u n e 9, 1932,
Clemens 29978; Penibukan, 4000—5000 ft., ridge W of camp, flower-buds creamy,
tree 25 ft., Feb. 7, 1933, Clemens 31500 (all A).

15. VIBURNUM PROPINQUUM Hemsl.
Viburnum propinquum Hemsley •in J. linn. Soc. (Bot.) 23: 355. 1888; Rehder

in Sargent, Trees and Shrubs 2: 33, 133 pi. 115. 1908; Rehder in PL Wils. 2: 111.
1911; Hayata, Ic. Plant, form. 4: 14 pi. 3. 1914; Nakai in J. Coll. Sci. Univ. Tokyo
42 (2)- 48. 1921; Merrill, Enum. Philip, fl. PI. 3: 578. 1923.

Viburnum valerianicum Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 7: 2578. 1915. — Viburnum
foetidum Elmer in sched., non Wallich.

Evergreen shrub. Branchlets curved, terete, greyish to reddish brown,
strongly lenticellate. Petioles channelled above, glabrous, 1—2 cm long.
Leaf-blades thinly coriaceous, shining green above, paler beneath, drying
dull brown, glabrous on both sides except for the bearded axils of the
primary side-nerves at the under side, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, often
somewhat falcate, 6—8(—11) cm long, 2.5—4(—5.5) cm wide; apex acute
to long-acuminate, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, margin on both sides
1/2 -1 (—2) cm above the base with an impressed small gland (sometimes
2 marginal glands on one side), usually nearly entire, only minutely and
remotely serrulate, the teeth reduced to mucros hardly 0.5 mm long;
nervation impressed above, prominent beneath, basal primary side-nerves
arising somewhat above the base of the blade at an angle of about 30
to the midrib, arcuately ascending, evanescent at 1/2 —2/3 of the length
of the blade, nearly as prominent as the midrib (leaves therefore triple-
nerved) , the more apical 2—3 pairs of primary side-nerves less prominent,
at an angle of 45—60°; all side-nerves anastomosing near the margin;
veins subparallel, nearly rectangulate to the midrib, delicate, connected
by a wide reticulate venulation. Inflorescence terminal, corymbiform,
times umbellately branched, (3—)5—7 cm across, the axes glabrous;
peduncle short, 2(—5) cm long, angular, glabrous; primary rays b^-i,
1 2 cm long; bracts and bracteoles minute, ovate, ciliate, caducous.
Calyx-limb about 1 mm long, obscurely lobed, lobes ovate, obtuse, glabrous,
about 0.5 mm. Corolla whitish oder yellowish green, 4 mm wide, campan-
ulate-rotate, globular in bud; tube broad, scarcely 1 mm long, hairy
within, lobes ovate to oblong, rounded, recurved in anthesis, about 1.5
mm long. Stamens exserted; filaments adnate near the base of the corolla
flattened, gradually tapering toward the apex, in bud inflexed at the
top 2—2.5 mm long; anthers broadly elliptic, 0.75 by 0.5 mm. ovary
0 75—1 mm long and wide, glabrous; style very short, broadlyconical,
stigma obscurely 3-lobed. Drupe globose-ovoid, bluish black, 4—5 mm

long, 4 mm wide; mesocarp thin, scanty fleshy; endocarp thin, nearly
orbicular in cross-section, ventrally slightly 1-grooved. Seed ovoid, shallow-
ly 1-grooved on the ventral side; albumen deeply ruminate.

ECOLOGY. — According to Merrill in mossy forest, at an altitude of
2200 to 2450 m.

DISTRIBUTION. — China (Hupeh), Formosa. In Malaysia only in the
Philippines (Luzon).

The triple-nerved leaf with marginal glands (reminding one of those
in Faccmmm-species), the hairy tube of the corolla, the achenoid drupe
and the peculiar cross-section of the endocarp characterize this species
and separate it from the other Malaysian species of Viburnum. Elmer
mentions in connection with his Viburnum valerianicum that the strong
odour, especially in cured specimens, is that of Valeriana. The same fact
was already stated by Hallier in dried specimens of Viburnum sambu-
cinum, V. coriaceum and V- lutescens. Van Ittalie ascertained the presence
of valerianic acid in Viburnum sambueinum. On this ground Hallier
supposed the close relationship of Viburnum with the Valerianaceae (see
Hallier in Med. Rijks-Herb. No. 14: 36. 1912; No. 37: 92. 1918).

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. — P H I L I P P I N E S . LUZON. B e n g u e t . Baguio, fl., March
1907, Elmer 8591, 8811 (A, B, L) : fl., March 1913, Elmer 14264 (A, B, G, L, U) {type
of Viburnum, valerianicum E l m . ) ; Mancayan to Baguio, fr., Oct. 1921, Ramos &
Edano B.S.40499 (A, B, L) ; Pauai, fl., Apr.-June 1918, Santos B.S.31908 (A, B, L ) ;
B.S.31973 (A). R i z a l . Mt. Angilog, young fr., Apr. 1922 Ramos B.S.40788 ( A ) ; Mt,
Irig, fl., Apr. 1923, Ramos B.S.42195 (B, S).

16. VIBURNUM LUZONICUM Rolfe
Viburnum'luzonicum Rolfe in J. linn. Soc. (Bot.) 21: 310. 1884; Vidal, Phan.

Cum. Philip. 117, 1885; Rev. pi. vase. Filip. 147. 1886;. Rehder in Sargent, Trees
and Shrubs 2: 97 pi. 14-6. 1908; Merrill in Philip. J. Sci. 5, Bot.: 391. 1910; Hayata,

; Ic. Plant, form. 2: 70. 1912; Danguy in Lecomte, Fl. gen. Indo-Ch. 3: 13. 1922;
Merrill, Enum. Phil. fl. PI. 3: 577. 1923.

Viburnum laxum Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 7: 2576. 1915.
Viburnum formosanum Hayata, Ic. Plant, form. 2: 69. 1912; Nakai in J. Coll.

Univ. Tokyo 42 (2) : 49. 1921.
Viburnum morrisonense Hayata, Ic. Plant, form. 2: 70. 1912; 9: 43 /. 21. 1920,.
Viburnum mushaense Hayata, Ic. Plant, form. 8: 34. 1919.
Viburnum subglabrum Hayata, Ic. Plant. Form. 8: 35. 1919.
Viburnum tadhasense Hayata, Ic. Plant- form. 9: 45 /. 22. 1920.

Shrub, slenderly branched from below the middle upward, 3—6 m
high. Stem 6—-8 cm thick. Bark smooth and shining or somewhat rough,
greyish or brownish. Branchlets terete, sparingly lenticellate, the ultim-
ate ramifications more or less (often densely) ferrugineous-pubescent.
Petioles thin and short, slightly channelled above, densely pubescent, 0.5—-1
cm long. Leaf-blades extremely variable, chartaceous to subcoriaceous,



162 REINWARDTIA [VOL. 1 1951] KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia 163

dark yellowish green above, paler beneath, the young 'ones usually densely
pubescent with simple antrorse and stellate hairs most abundant on the
nerves, later on more or less glabrescent to glabrous except .for the per-
sistent pubescence of the midrib and the cilia of the margin, 3—8(—13)
cm long, 2—5 cm wide, ovate to lanceolate; apex acute to gradually long
acuminate (the acumen often falcate) ; base broadly cuneate to rounded
or even slightly cordate and often inequilateral; margin nearly entire to
coarsely sinuate-dentate in the upper part; nervation impressed above,
prominent beneath, often hidden by the indument; primary side-nerves
5—7 on each side of the midrib, very obliquely ascending, usually ter-
minating in the teeth, lower ones (in the nearly entire leaves almost all)
however anastomosing; venation evident if not hidden by the indument.
Inflorescences terminal, not rarely also spuriously lateral on short 2-leaved
branchlets, umbellate, corymbiform to semi-globose, 2—3 times branched,
3—5 .cm across, the axes densely ferrugineous pubescent; peduncle very
short, up to 2 cm long; primary rays 3—8, slender, 1(—1.5) cm long;
bracts sometimes leafy, up to 2 cm long, usually like the bracteoles small,
lanceolate, pubescent and ciliate, 1—2 mm long. Flowers slightly odorous,
3—5 mm wide. Calyx hardly 1 mm long, deeply lobed, the lobes ovate-lance-
olate, pubescent. Corolla rotate, globular in bud, creamy white or some-
what pink, more or less strigose and stellate-pubescent without, especially
toward the base, glabrous within; tube very short, about 0.5 mm long,
lobes elliptic-oblong, rounded, 1.5—2 mm long. Stamens exserted, but

, shorter than the corolla-lobes; filaments subterete, slightly dilated toward
the base, adnate to the base of the corolla, 1.5 to nearly 2 mm long,
glabrous; anthers broadly elliptic, yellow, 0.5—0.75 mm long. Ovary
cylindrical, densely pubescent, about 1 mm long.; style very short, glabrous,
with obscurely 3-lobed stigma. Drupe ovate, dorsiventrally much compress-
ed, red (or ripening black?), (5—)6—7 mm long, 5—6 mm wide, young
with scattered stellate hairs; endocarp slightly undulate in cross-section,
the 2 dorsal and 3 ventral grooves often obsolete.'

ECOLOGY. — In thickets and forests, at medium and higher altitudes,
from 800 to 2200 m. Flowering and fruiting throughout the year.

DISTRIBUTION. — From Western China and Indo-China through For-
mosa and the Philippines to the Moluccas.

LOCAL NAMES. — In Luzon acording to Merrill: atalba, tilba (Ig.);
atiba (Bon.) ; bangas-bangas (Bag.) ; bagiroro (Bik.) ; putud (Gad.).

Viburnum luzonicum var. APOENSE Elmer.

Viburnum luzonicum var. apoense Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 7: 2577. 1915;
Merrill, Enum, Philip, fl. PI. 3: 577. 1923.

Leaves subcoriaceous, nearly glabrous except for the midrib on both
sides, narrow, ovate-lanceolate, the apex long-acuminate, the acumen often
falcate, the margin nearly entire, only obscurely dentate; primary side-
nerves often anastomosing.

DISTRIBUTION. — Luzon?, Mindanao.

LOCAL NAMES, — According to Merrill: angganasi (Buk.), atadatud
(Buk.), bangas-bangas (Bag.).

Viburnum luzonicum var. floribundum (Merr.) Kern, comb. nov.
Viburnum floribundum Merrill in Philip. J. Sci., Bot. 4: 328. 1909; Enum.

Philip, fl. PL 3: 577. 1923 (basinym).

Leaves chartaceous, nearly glabrous except for the midrib and the
primary side-nerves, ovate, the apex acute to shortly acuminate, the
margin rather strongly dentate, especially in the upper half, the primary
nerves for the greater part terminating in the teeth.

DISTRIBUTION. — Luzon.
Viburnum luzonicum var. sinuatum (Merr.) Kern, comb. nov.
Viburnum sinuatum, Merrill in Gov. Lab. Publ. 35: 65- 1906; in Philip. J. Sci.

1, Suppl.: 137. 1906; Enum. Philip, fl. PI. 3: 578. 1923 (basinym).

Leaves oblong-ovate, the apex slenderly acuminate, the acumen usual-
ly falcate, the margin coarsely sinuate-dentate; otherwise as in var. flori-
bundum.

DISTRIBUTION. — Moluccas (Buru) ; Philippines (Luzon, Negros).
LOCAL NAME. — According to Merrill: taringongog (Neg.).
The variability of Viburnum luzonicum has led to the distinction

of several segregate taxa, viz. Viburnum sinuatum Merr., V. laxum Elmer,
V. floribundum Merr., V. luzonicum var. apoense Elmer, and moreover a
few species and varieties from Formosa. They are all based on the shape
of the leaf and the density of the indument only. As Merrill already did
in his Enumeration, I think Viburnum laxum differs too little from
typical V. luzonicum to constitute a marked variety even. According to
Elmer the leaves are more or less tapering at the base with the greatest
width across the middle, not below the middle as in Cuming 1345, the
specimen upon which Rolfe founded his Viburnum luzonicum.

Viburnum floribundum is said to be distinguishable by its nearly
glabrous leaves, which are less acuminate, more strongly toothed, rounded
and inequilateral at the base, as well as by its dense inflorescence. Al-
though the leaves of Ramos & Edaiio 38087 are indeed much more
glabrous than in the type of Viburnum luzonicum, I cannot agree that
the midrib is only slightly puberulent and the inflorescence strikingly
dense. Inequilateral leaves occur in all forms of Viburnum luzonicum in
the present sense.

Viburnum sinuatum agrees almost completely with Viburnum flori-
bundum, except for the shape of the leaves, which are long-acuminate
and still-more strongly toothed. I could not find clear differences either
in the flower or in the fruit.



164 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 1

Viburnum luzonicum var. apoense on the contrary has narrower,
hardly toothed leaves. Those of most of the specimens collected in Min-
danao are rather striking. They are subcoriaceous; whereas in Viburnum,
floribundum and in V. sinuatum the primary nerves are nearly straight
and end in the teeth, those of the variety apoense from Mindanao are
strongly curved upward near the margin and rather distinctly anasto-
mosing, but this is completely due to the absence of the toothing of the
leaves. Several specimens have both nerves reaching the margin and
nerves distinctly anastomosing. The specimens collected in Luzon which
are identified by Elmer as var. apoense, do indeed possess almost entire
leaves, but they are not subcoriaceous and the nerves end in the small
teeth. Though in doubt I have therefore referred them to this variety. On
the other hand I might refer Ramos & Edaiio 38921, mentioned in the
Enumeration under var. apoense, to var. sinuatum on account of the
strongly toothed leaves.

At the utmost I might regard 'apoense,' 'floribundum,' and 'sinuatum'
as varieties, but they are far from being well marked and after deducting
of these varieties the remaining specimens show still a great polymorph-
ism. Some of them might just as well have been reduced to one of the
varieties.

As to how far the several forms of Viburnum formosanum distin-
guished by Nakai arid the species of Hayata correspond with the above-
mentioned varieties must await further investigation.

S P E C I M E N S EXAMINED. — P H I L I P P I N E S . L U Z O N . B o n t o c : Vanoverbergh 154

(G, L). B e n g u e t : Barnes F.B.942 (B, S), Ramos B.S.5829 (L), Merrill 742 (U),
Merrill B.S.1753 (B, G, L, S), Quisumbing & Sulit B.S.82510 (A); Baguio, Curran
F-B.4938 (S), F.B.5082 (B), Elmer 5831 (B), 8655 (A, B, L), 14283 {type of Viburnum
laxum Elmer) (A, B, G, L, U), Santos B.S.24 (A); Mt. Pulog, Curran-Merritt-Zschokke
F.B.18164 (B, L) ; Daklan to Kabayan, Merrill B.S.M08 (B, L ) . R i z a l : Loher B.S.
14353, B.S.14837 (A). C a m a r i n e s . Mt. Iriga, Com. Fl. For. Fil. 504 (L). A l b a y .
Without exact locality: Cuming 1345 (type-collection; L) ; Mayon Volcano, Ramos &
Edano B.S.75734 (S). PALAWAN. Mt. Mantalingajan, Edano B.S.775Z7 (S).

a. V. luzonicum var. apoense.
PHILIPPINES. ?LUZON. P a m p a n g a . Camp Stotsenburg (Mt. Pinatubo),

Elmer 21974 (B, G, L, S). C a m a r i n e s . Mt. Iriga, Ramos B.S.22182 (B, L, S).
MINDANAO. Camp Keithley, Lake Lando, Clemens 89, s.n. (B). L a n a o. Vicinity of
Dansalan, bank of Agus river, Lynn Zwickey 65 (A) ; Mt. Makaturing, local name
langanassi (Lan.), Lynn Zwickey 517 (A). B u k i d n o n . Vicinity of Tanculan, Fenix
B.S.26084 (A) f Mt. Dumalucpihan, Ramos & Edano B.S.38963 (A). C o t a b a t o.
Buayan, Ramos & Edano B.S.85161 (A) ; Mt. Matutum, Ramos & Edaiio B.S.85035
(A). D a v a o . Todaya (Mt. Apo), Elmer 10791 (type) (A, B, G, L,).

1951] KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia 165

b. V. luzonicum var. floribundum.
PHILIPPINES. LUZON. B o n t o c . Mt. Caua, Ramos & Edaiio B.S.38087 (A).

B e n g u e t . Pauai, Santos B.S.31705 (A, B, G). P a m p a n g a . Camp Stotsenburg
(Mt. Pinatubo), Elmer 21949 (B, G, L, S) ; Mt. Afayat, Merrill 3837 (L).

The type-specimen Ramos B.S.7074 from Luzon, prov. Abra, Mt. Paraga, Feb.
1909 not seen.

c. V. luzonicum var. sinuatum.
MOLUCCAS. BURU. Fakal, Toxopeus 467 (B, L ) . P H I L I P P I N E S . LUZON.

I l o c o s N o r t e . Mt. N a g a p a t a n , Ramos B.S.33191 (A). N u e v a E c i j a . ? Mt.
Umingan, Ramos & Edano B.S.26454 (A). B a t a n. Mt. Mariveles, Meyer F.B.2618
(B), Merrill 789 (U), 3946 (L), NEGROS. Dumaguete (Cuernos Mts.), Elmer 9538,
10363 (A, B, L ) . MINDANAO. B u k i d n o n . Mt. Candoon, Ramos & Edano B.S.38921
(A, L ) .

SPECIES WRONGLY RECORDED FOR THE AREA

Viburnum zippelii Miq. .- .

In his "Flora Indiae batavae" (2: 122. 1856) Miquel described a
species of Viburnum under the name of V. zippelii. As locality he indicat-
ed "Nieuw-Guinea? (Herb. Zippel)." The description was made after a
fruiting specimen: "Plores non vidi. Affine videtur Vib. acuminato
Wall, nee a V. sambucino longe distat, sed illius folia integerrima, hujus
inflorescentia basi bifoliata, foliaque multo minus coriacea, nee punctata."
The type is in the Rijksherbarium at Leiden (no. 899.69—594). Obviously
Miquel compared his new species with V. acuminatum on account of the
densely punctulate under side of the leaves, the resemblance apart from
that not being great. Even slighter is the similarity to V. sambucinum.
For a long time I was unable to place it among the other Malayan species
of the genus and I was inclined to agree with Hallier who remarked,
(in Med- Rijks-Herb. No. 14: 36. 1912), that it was a strongly character-
ized species and for that reason possibly a representative of the genus in
New Guinea, whence for the rest Viburnum is unknown. Possibly, for the
accompanying label is not written in Zippelius's own hand, but it is a
printed one and Blume already placed a ? after "Nieuw-Guinea." Zippe-
lius participated in an expedition to the coasts of SW New Guinea in
1828. He died on the way back and his valuable collections have been
worked out by others. Later on V. zippelii has never been collected in
Malaysia (cf. also Scheffer in Ann. Jard. bot. Buitenz. 1: 28. 1876).

I was much astonished when I accidentally came across a specimen
of a Japanese Viburnum in Herbarium Bogoriense, collected as a species
of Cornus by Em. Weiss (no. 50) near Nagasaki, Japan. The plant was



166 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 1

identified in 1943 by Hatusima as V. japonicum (Thun'b.) Spr. and is
evidently identical with Miquel's V. zippelii. Although I have no further
specimens of V. japonicum at my disposal I am convinced that the deter-
mination of Hatusima is right, in testing it with the description of Nakai
{in J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 42: (2) : 30. 1921) and others. The identity
will be already evident from the comparison of Miquel's description with
that of Nakai. The spotty glands at the base of the under side of the
leaves, mentioned by Miquel, also occur in the examined specimen of
T7. japonicum.

Viburnum japonicum is only known from Kiusiu and Hondo and it
is quite improbable, if not impossible, that Zippelius's plant originates
from New Guinea. In my opinion it must be a Japanese specimen or it
must have been gathered in the Bogor Botanic Gardens, whe#re Zippelius
was employed since 1825 as Assistant Curator. It is very likely that the
species was cultivated at Bogor, although I could not find it mentioned
in the catalogues of the Gardens. In "Annales d'horticulture et de bota-
nique" (2: 97. 1859), Van Hall described a " Viburnum m,acrophyllumi
Thunb.," obviously belonging to V. japonicum, "recu par l'intermediaire
de M. Teysman, le celebre jardinier en chef du jardin botanique de
Buitenzorg." It is curious that Miquel in "Prolusio florae japonicae"
{in Ann. Mus. Lugd. Bat. 2: 268. 1868) published this plant as V. buergeri
Miq.!

In reading the diagnosis of Cornus japonica in Thunberg's "Flora
japonica" (63. 1784) one is struck by the following passages: "Filamenta
4 . . . Germen superum." Sprengel (Systema 1: 934. 1825) nevertheless
referred it to Viburnum, whereas De Candolle (Prodr. 4: 273. 1830) still
treated it as a "Cornus?" I ba"se the identity of Thunberg's Cornus japo-
nica with the plant in question only on Maximowicz's assertion in "Me-
langes biologiques" (10: 664. 1880): "Genus'ex sola descriptione optime
enucleavit d. Sprengel."

EXCLUDED SPECIES

Viburnum alternifolium Zoll. & Mor.

Viburnum alternifolium Zoll. & Mor., Syst. Verz. 59. 1845—1846 = Ilex alterni-
folia (Zoll. et Mor.) Loesener in Nov. Acta Leop. Car. 78: 81. 1901.

This is according to Koorders (Exkursionsfl. Java 2: 521. 1912) and
Backer (Bekn. Flora Java, Nooduitg. 6, fam. 132: 3. 1948) a form of the
polymorphous Ilex cymosa Bl.

1951], KERN: Viburnum in Malaysia 167

INDEX OF COLLECTOR NUMBERS

Referring to the species by means of their number

Names beginning with De or Van have been entered under the prefix, compound
names under the first part.

Ahern's collector 1512=13; Alcasid 1595=13; Altmann 258, 465 = 10; 472=7;
Alvarez 22440=13; Anderson s.n. =10; Arens & Wurth s.n. = 1 ; Arsin 19529=7;
19661=10.

Backer 133, 320 = 10; 509 = 1; 1703, 1887, 2265 = 7; 3604 = 10; 5129=1; 5395,
6705 = 10; 6823 = 1; 7482, 8443, 8670 = 10; 9303 = 7; 9336=10; 9651, 9800=1; 9960,.
10040, 10404, 10617, 11130 = 7; 11394 = 1; 12213 = 7; 12366, 12771, 14109, 14300 = 10;
16304, 17248=7; 18661, 21502=10; 21794 = 1; 22953 = 10; 23235, 25730 = 7; 26100=1;
33030 = 10; 37089, 37092, 37506, 37685 = 1; s.n.=7; Backer & Skottsberg 37313,
37314 = 1; Bakhuizen van den Brink 463, 1508, 1623=10; 2098, 2525=7; 4271, 4639,
4795, 4802=10; 6132 = 7; Bakhuizen van den Brink fil. 1637=10; 2726=7; 2827, 3120
= 10; Balansa 4422=10 (p. 144) ; Bangham 825=6; 928, 948=la; 1164 = 2; Barnes 933,
938=13; 942 = 16; Batten Pooll s.n.=2; bb. numbers, see Forest Research Institute;
Beccari 194, 345 = 2; Belle s.n. = 7; Beumee A362 = 7; A810 = l; Binnendijk s.n.=7,
10; Bloembergen 4081, 4095=7; Blume s.n. = l, 7, 10; Boerlage s.n.=7, 10; Bosbouw-
proef station = Forest Research Institute; Bremekamp s.n.=l; Brinkman 379 = 1;
428=10; 884c=l; Bruggeman 536 = 1; 586, 769=10; 3730=1; Bunnemeijer 828, 867=
10; 882, 4989=1; 5686, 8995, 9059, 9087 = 10; 9410, 9456, 9613=1; 9730=2; 9778=10;
10027, 10145, 10213, 10553 = 1; 11647, 11700, 11814 = 7; Burck 110 = 10; s.n.=l, 7, 10;
Burck & De Monchy s.n. = 7; Burkill 40=1; 387 = 7; 16312 = l a ; Burkill & Haniff
12992=7; Burkill & Henderson 6810 = 7; Burkill & Holttum 7779 = 7; 8631 = 2; Bu-
walda 3473 = 10; Buysman 151 = 10.

Cantley's collector 2913 = 7; Clason K90, K102 = l; Clason-Laarrnan 154, E72,
E76, G49, K198 = l; Clemens 89=16a; 3153 = 13; 27033, 28263 = 9; 29466=14; 29702
= 8 ; 29978 = 14; 30297=8; 30298=9; 30356=14; 30767, 30885=9; 31500=14; 31902 = 8;
32225, 32752, 33761, 40166=9; s.n.=16a; Com. Fl. For. Fil. 504=16; 1491=13; Corner
31594=7; Cramer 64, 65 = 10; Cuming 1345=16; Curran 4938, 5082=16; 10841=13;
Curran-Merritt-Zschokke 18164=16; 18205=13; Curtis 278, 2453, s.n.=7.

Damme s.n.=10; Darling 14441, 14602 = 13; De Jong, see For. Res. Inst., Ja2657,
2662; De Monchy s.n.=l; see also Burck & De Monchy; Den Berger 789=1; Derry
s.n. = 7; De Voogd 9 = 10; 14 = 7; 678 = 1; 1506=7; 1531 = 10; 1664=7; 1937=1;
2159 = 7; 2170 = 10; 2197=1; 2198 = 10; 2303=1; 2699, 2710 = 10; 2759, 2800 = 1;
s.n. = 7; De Vriese & Teysmann s.n.=7; Djaduk 943=1; Docters van Leeuwen 173=10;
1068 = 7; 1133 = 10; 2903=7; 3948 = 7b; 8959, 12278 = 1; 12813=2; 12846, 12898 = 1;
s.n.=10; Dorgelo 120, 417=1.

Edafio 41772, 41802=13; 77527=16: see also Ramos & Edafio; Flbert 15, 16,
IV, 18, 969, 1008, 1405, 1475=1; 1620, 1750, 1807, 1853, 2136=10; 2165 = 1; see
also Grundler; Elmer 5831 = 16; 5879, 5920, 7898, 8415=13; 8591=15; 8655=16;
8B96 = 13; 8811=15; 9201, 9231=13; 9538=16c; 9968=13; 10363 = 16c; 10791=16a;-
11441 = 13; 14284 = 15; 14283=16; 14371, 16965=13; 21741 = 12; 21949 = 16bj 21974=
16a; 22195, 22336=13; Estate-manager Sindang Panon s.n. = 10- Eyma 997=13-
3762=7.' •

Fenix 469=13; 26084 = 16a; Field Museum collector s.n,=7; Forbes 410, 537a,
865=7; 954=1; 1023, 1526, 1629, 1662, 1662a, 1909 = 10; 1909a=7b; 2094, 2254, 2530a



168 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 1

= 1 0 ; 2 5 6 8 = 2 ; 3'587, 3589 = 7; 3 8 7 2 = 1 ; 4 0 8 9 = 7 ; Forest Research Inst. bbl4130 = 7; bb
18094, bbl8101 = 13; J a l 3 9 6 = 7 ; Ja2475, J a 2 5 6 5 = 1 0 ; Ja2657 = l; J a 2 6 6 2 = l l ; Ja2846,
J a 2 8 5 3 = l ; Ja2993 = l l ; s.n.=7, 10; Fox s . n. = 7; F r e y Wyssling 108=11.

Gibbs 3990 = 9; Griswold 9 6 = 1 4 ; Groenhart 3 = 1 ; Gruendler (Elbert exp.) 2261
= 1 0 ; 2322 = 1; 3455, 3488, 4161,' 4176, 4306 = 7.

Hagedoorn & Jeswiet s . n . = l ; Hallier 42, 500, 500a, 5 0 0 b = 7 ; 501, 5 3 4 = 1 ; 607 =
10; 2279=7; 3272 = 9; s.n.=7, 10; Hamel 4 4 3 = l a ; Hamel & Rahmat Si Torus 639 = l a ;
Hancock 1987=7; Haniff 278 = 7; see also Burkill & Haniff; Harreveld-Lako 6 9 = 1 ;
Hasskarl s.n. = 10; Haviland 82, 197, 1054, 3019 = 7; Henderson 11484=2; 11496=10;
11555, 17984, 23490, 23617=7; see also Burkill & Henderson; Henderson & N u r
11176=2; 11202=10; 11252=7; Holten s.n. = 10; Holttum 21615 = 10; s.n.=7a; see
also Burkill & Holttum; Horsfield s . n . = l , 10; Hose 60 = 7; Hosseus 250 = 7b (p. 134);
"Houtsoorten" (=kinds of wood) 39, 132=10; 2 4 1 = 7 ; 288=10; 5 0 1 = 1 ; 646 = 10;
How 72981, 73407 = 10 (p. 144); Huitema 7 5 = 7 ; 1 1 1 = 1 .

Ibut 521 = 7.
Ja- numbers, see Forest Research Institute; Jaamat 27270=10; 27555=7; 28114

=10; 28151=7; Jacobson 2208=7b; s.n. = l, 10; Jeswiet 55 = 1; s.n.=l; see also Hage-

doorn & Jeswiet; Junghuhn pi. ined. 37, 38, 39, 40, 42 = 7; 43 = 1; 76=10; 100=7b;

132, 180=10; 283 = 7; 288 = 10; s.n.=l, 7, 7b, 10, 11.

Kalong 20260=7; Keers 86=1; Kerling s.n. = 7b; Kern 7543, 7577 = 10; 7798 = 1;

7989 = 7; 8056=10; 8085 = 7; 8312, 8319=1; Kerr 6222, 8874, 9829 = 6 (p. 129);

Kiah, see Moysey & Kiah and Symington & Kiah; Kiah & Strugnell 23909 = 7; Kjell-

berg 1612b, 2253 = 7; 2673=13; Kobus 173 = 10; 221=1; s.n.=l; Koens 76, 310=10;

423=7; Koorders (all /i-numbers) 1037, 1038, 1039=10; 1040 = 7; 1041 = 10; 1042,

1043=1; 1044 = 10; 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049=7; 1050=10; 1051=1; 1052, 1053=7;

1054 = 10; 1055, 1056=7; 1057=10; 1058, 1059=1; 1060, 1061 = 7; 1062/1063=10; 1064

= 1; 1066=10; 1067, 9961=7; 10904, 11243, 11244, 11276, 11277=1; 11278, 12831, 13843

=10; 13986, 14053,14096 = 7; 14158, 14407, 14896=10; 15191,15368 = 7; 15579=10; 15616

= 1 ; 16356, 16357, 16358, 16359, 16360, 16361, 16362, 16363, 16364, 16365=13; 20432=

1; 20527 = 10; 23168 = 7; 23170, 23574, 23874 = 10; 24167=7; 24176=10; 24177, 25544 =

7; 25794 = 10; 26083=1; 26273, 26468=10; 26538, 26679=7; 26818, 27669, 28524, 28525,

29176=10; 30149, 30609, 31936=7; 32113 = 1; 32137=7; 32306, 3247,3=10; 33878=7;

35899, 35900, 35901=10; 35902, 35904, 36559=7; 36622, 36642 = 10; 36743, 37360, 37361,

37919, 38169=1; 38170, 40919, 41289, 41983=7; 43297, 43473, 43733 = 1; 44315=10;

44481=7; 47945 = 10; s.n.=10; Kornassi, see Rutten exp.; Korthals s.n. = l, 7, 7b, 10;

Krukoff 4201, 4366=7b; Kuhl & Van Hasselt s.n.=l, 7, 10, 13.

Lam 2146, 2257 = 7; Leano 21837=13; Lei 246 = 10 (p. 144); Loher 12961, 13023,

13041, 13177=13; 13878, 13904=3; 14145, 14209 = 13; 14353, 14837 = 16; 14846 = 3;

Loogen s.n. = 7; Lorzing 225 = 10; 462 = 1; 472 = 10; 472a, 609=11; 890, 1316, 1370=1;

1790=7; 2200=1; 4366, 4782=10; 5936, 5980, 6567=1; 7343 = 2; 7817, 7915 = 7b;

8267 = 1; 8303 = 2; 8615, 8951=1; 9582, 9917 = 7b; Lynn Zwickey 65, 517 = 16a.

MacGregor 11194, 19854=13, Maier exp. 272=7; 402=1; Maingay 712/2=7;

Md. Nur, see Nur; Mearns 2520, 4410=13; Merrill 742=16; 789 = 16c; 1753=16;

3837=16b; 3946 = 16c; 4408=16; Merritt 14151, 14169 = 13; see also Curran-Merritt-

Zschocke; Meyer 2618 = 16c; Mousset 143=10; 176=1; 485=7; 675 = 10; Moysey &

Kiah 31810=7a.

1951] KERN: Viburnum in Malays la 169

Native collector 19, s.n.=7; Nauen 35828, s.n. = 7; Nur 2423=7; 7274=1; 11252,
32635=7; see also Henderson & Nur.

Ocampo 27941=13; Osman 20846=7; Ouwehand 35, 208, 363=1; 393 = 2.
Pa Munah, see For. Res. Inst. Ja2846; Petelot 6294=10 (p. 145) ; Polak 97, 98 = 1;

Popta s.n.=10; Posthumus 3963=1; Pringgo Atmodjo, see Van Daalen exp.; Proef-
station voor het Boschwezen, see Forest Research Institute; Puasa Angian 4019=10.

Quisumbing' & Sulit 82510=16.
Raap 585 = 10; 827 = 1; Rachmat, see Van Vuurenexp.; Rahmat Si Buea=Rahmat

Si Torus; Rahmat Si Torus 218, 340, 1345, 1594, 1863, 2255, 3126, 4237, 4263, 4499,
4599, 6661, 6876, 7867, 7905, 7956, 9145, 9939=7b; see also Hamel & Rahmat Si Torus;
Ramos 1519=3; 1559, 1957, 2097=13; 5829 = 16; 7074=16b; 13771, 15558=13; 22182
= 16a; 23409, 23433 = 13; 33191=16c; 39489 = 13; 40788=15; 41007=13; 41482, 41585—
4; 42145=13; 42195=15; 77042=13; Ramos & Edafio 26454=16; 30786, 33856, 37991,
38024, 3-8053 = 13; 38087=16b; 38662, 38902=13; 38921 = 16c; 38963 = 16a; 39025=3;
40309=5; 40460, 40465=13; 40499=15; 75734 = 16; 85035, 85161=16a; Rant s.n.=l, 7;
see also Smith & Rant; Reinwardt s.n. = l, 7, 10; Rensch 1245=7; 1300=1; 1368=7;
1509 = 1; Ridley 2106, 6829, 7128 = 7; 7597=7b; 7928, 8036, 9230, 11840, 13571=7;
13902=10; 16064, 16064A=7a^ s.n. = 7; Robinson s.n.=7; Roesel 260=1; Rutten exp.
577 = 7.

Sandkuhl 61=13; Santos 24=16; 31705=16b; 31772=13; 31098, 31973 = 15;
Sapiin 2461 = 1; s.n.=l; Sarip, see Maier exp.; Sauliere 74, 123 = 6 (p. 129); Scheffer
C48=l; ,s.n.=l, Schiffner 2624, 2625=10; Scortechini 375b = 2; Skottsberg, see Backer
& Skottsberg; Smith 839=10; Smith & Rant 290, 295, 418=10; Squires 184 = 10 (p. 144) ;
Steenstra-Toussaint s.n.=7, Steup, see For. Res. Inst. bbl8094, bbl8101; Strugnell, see
Kiah & Strugnell; Sugandiredja 84,-108=7; 118 = 11; 132, 160=1; Sulit 31083, 31422
=13; see also Quisumbing & Sulit; Sumardjo see For. Res. Inst. Ja2475; Symington
20183 = 7; 23964=1; 31005=2; Symington & Kiah 28847 = 7a.

Teysmann 3777HB, 13982=7; s.n.=10; see also De Vriese & Teysmann; Toxo-
peus 467 = 16c; Tsiang Ying 1940=10 (p. 145).

Ultee 56 = 10; 118=7b.

Van Daalen exp. 52 = 7b; Van der Goot 4 = 10; s.n.=l; Van der Pijl 416=1;
620=7; Van Hasselt, see Kuhl & Van Hasselt; Van Ooststroom 12740, 12909 = 10;
13367=1; 13795, 13901 = 7; 13905=10; Vanoverbergh 154 = 16; 191, 3993=13; Van
Steenis 87=7; 1625=10; 2021 = 1; 2289 = 7; 2536 = 10; 2980 = 1; 3640=10; 3650=1;
3665 = 10; 4216 = 1; 4885 = 10; 4957=1; 5923=10; 5977 = 1; 6587=6; 6857=7; 7080=1;
7327, 7408=10; 7422, 7875 = 1; 8066 = 10; 8618=la; 9200=7b; 9960 = 2; 10883=10;
11213 = 7; 11957, 12626 = 10; 17400 = 7; 17558=1; Van Vuuren exp. 1020=7; Verhoef
$ 3 = 7 ; 37=10; Vorderman s.n.=ll.

Waitz s.n. = l, 10; Warburg 2988 = 10; 16361 = 7; Wenzel 620=13; 923=4; Wight
1263=6 (p. 129); Williams 1042=13; Winatadipura, see For. Res. Inst. Jal396;
Winckel (all /^-numbers) 114 = 10; 180 = 7; 212, 218=10; 648 = 7; 666, 1578, 1630,
1673=10; 1773, 1862=7; Wisse 938, 1039, 1205, 1226=10; Woodford 6335 = 7; Wurth,
see Arens & Wurth.

Yates 105 = l a ; 593=1; 976=la; 1003, 1197=10; 1567=la; 1668, 2030, 2524,
2535 = 7b.

Zippel s.n., p. 165; Zollinger 310, 843 = 7; 2496 = 10; 2924 = 1; s.n.=10; Zschokke,
see Curran-Merritt-Zschokke; Zuidema see For. Res. Inst. Ja2565.



170
R E I N W A R D T I A

[VOL. 1

INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES

Cornus japonica 166.
Ilex alternifolia 166.
Ilex cymosa 166.
Maesa 118, Megalotinus 111; Mierottnus
111 154; odoratissimus 153.
Oreinotinus 111.
Solenotinus 111.
Twins I l l -
Viburnum 107-166; sect. Megalotinus 112;

sect. Odontotinus 112; sect. Thyrsosma
111' 112; sect- T i n u s 112> s u b s e c t -
Cor'iacea 112; subsect. Lutescentia 112;
subsect. Punctata 112; subsect. Sam-
bucina 112; acuminatum 127, 128,165;
alternifolium 166; amplificatum 109,
110 150, 151*! arboricolum 153, 155,
1 5 6'. aw'abuki 155; beccarii 108, 109,
120' 121*, 122, 142; buergeri 166; cle-
mensae 109, 157, 158*; colebrookianum
142 144, ! 4 5 ; coriaceum 108, 109, 110,
1 1 5 ' 117', 118, 122, 126, 142, 161; var.
longiflorum 117, 120; cornutidens 108,
110, 125, 126; cylindricum 116, 118;
elegans 142; floribundum 108, 163, 164;
foetidum 160; forbesii 108, 118, 129;
var 116; formosanum 161, 164; gla-
berrimum 108, 110, 122, 125, 126, 127;
hasseltii 108, 153, 157; hispidulum 109,
136 137*, 139> 142; inopinatum 130,
133'; integerrimum 129; japonicum 165,

166; junghuhnii 108, 109, 110, 142, 147,
148*, 149, 150,' 152; laxum 161, 163,
164; lepidotulum 128; liukiuense 153,
155, 156; longistamineum 108, 130, 132,
136; lutescens 108, 109, 142, 144, 145,
147, 149, 150, 161; var. latifolium 143;
luzonicum 108, 110, 161, 163; var.
apoense 162, 163, 164; var. floribun-
dum 163, 164, 165; var. sinuatum 163,
164, 165; macrophyllum 166; mono-
gynum 142, 143, 145; morrisonense 161;
mushaense 161; odoratissimum 108,
110, 126, 127, 152, 154*, 155, 156, 159;
pachyphyllum 108, 123; platyphyllum
108, 110, 123, 124*, 126, 127; propin-
quum 108, 110, 111, 160; punctatum
108, 109, 127, 128; var. acuminatum
128, 129; sambucinum 108, 109, 110,
117, 118, 129, 132, '133, 134, 142, 165;
yar. subglabrum 130, 136; var. tomen-
tosum 130, 131*, 132, 134, 136, 161;
sinuatum 108, 163, 164; subglabrum
161; sumatranum 108, 130, 132; sunda-
icum 142, 149; var. latifolium 143; var.
macrodon 143; var. microdon 143; tai-
hasense 161; valerianicum 160, 161;
vernicosum 108, 109, 139, 140*, 141,
142; villosum 108, 130, 132, 136; zam-
balense 153, 156, 157; zippelii 108, 165.

REINWARDTIA

Published by Herbarium Bogoriense, Kebun Raya Indonesia
Volume 1, Part 2, pp. 171-189 (1951)

THE FERN-GENUS PLEOCNEMIA PRESL

R. E. HOLTTUM*

SUMMARY

1. The genus Pleocnemia Presl is redefined arid differentiated from Tectaria-
Cav. and Arcypteris Underw., the latter genus being very closely related to Pleocne-
mia.

2. The configuration of the perispore proved to be of importance for the
characterisation of the .species. In this regard three types are distinguished, perispore
forming1 crisped anastomosing wings, perispore consisting of many slender spines,
and, an intermediate type, perispore forming many small separate wings.

3. Tentatively 15 species are recognized. Of these, Pleocnemia winitii Holttum,
P. acuminata Holttum, P. pleiotricha Holttum, P. presliana Holttum, P. dimidiolobata
Holttum, P. tripinnata Holttum, and P. seranensis Holttum are described as new, aa
well as one variety, P. conjugata var. elatior Holttum.

4. The following new combinations are made: P. hemiteliiformis (Racib.) Holt-
tum (basinym: Pleocnemia leuzeana var. hemiteliaeformis Racib.), P. olivacea (Copel.)
Holttum (basinym: Tectaria olivacea Copel.), P. kingii (Copel.) Holttum (basinym:
Tectaria kingii Copel.), and P. chrysotricha (Bak.) Holttum (basinym: Nephrodium
chrysotrichum Bak.).

5. Reductions to synonymy are: Pleocnemia javanica Presl to P. conjugata (Bl.)
Presl, and Dictyopteris compitalis v. A. v. R. to P. hemiteliiformis (Racib.) Holtt.

This genus, as originally published in 1836, included only one species,
Pleocnemia leuzeana, based on Polypodium leuzeanum Gaudichaud (1827),
the type of which was collected in the Moluccas. Presl placed Pleocnemia
among the Polypodioid ferns (without indusia), and his figure clearly
shows a naked sorus. But when he examined Cuming's Philippine collec-
tions, he found that some were indusiate, and in his "Epimeliae" (p. 50)
he placed the genus next after Nephrodium, describing two more species.
It is not however clear whether Piesl recognized that some species of
Pleocnemia could be indusiate and some not. Fee, in his "Genera Filicum,"
speculated on this point. He remarked on the confusion in the labelling
°f Cuming's specimens (specimens distributed under the same number not
always agreeing together), but he evidently considered that indusiate and
exindusiate specimens could represent the same species, though perhaps
they did not grow on the same plant.

*Professor of Botany, University of Malaya, Singapore.

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