REINWARDTIA A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY, PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY Vol. 14(2): 249-324, December 23, 2015 Chief Editor Kartini Kramadibrata (Mycologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Editors Dedy Darnaedi (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) TukirinPartomihardjo (Ecologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Joeni Setijo Rahajoe (Ecologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Marlina Ardiyani (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Topik Hidayat (Taxonomist, Indonesia University of Education, Indonesia) Eizi Suzuki (Ecologist, Kagoshima University, Japan) Jun Wen (Taxonomist, Smithsonian Natural History Museum, USA) Managing Editor Himmah Rustiami (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Lulut Dwi Sulistyaningsih (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Secretary Endang Tri Utami Layout Medi Sutiyatno Illustrators Subari Wahyudi Santoso Anne Kusumawaty Correspondence on editorial matters and subscriptions for Reinwardtia should be addressed to: HERBARIUM BOGORIENSE, BOTANY DIVISION, RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY-INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES CIBINONG SCIENCE CENTER, JLN. RAYA JAKARTA - BOGOR KM 46, CIBINONG 16911, P.O. Box 25 CIBINONG INDONESIA PHONE (+62) 21 8765066; Fax (+62) 21 8765062 E-MAIL: reinwardtia@mail.lipi.go.id http://e-journal.biologi.lipi.go.id/index.php/reinwardtia A C B D E G F H Cover images: Zingiber engganoensis Ardiyani. A. Habit B. Leafy shoot and the inflorescence showing rhizomes, roots and root-tuber C. Leaves D. Ligule and swollen petiole E. Dissection of inflorescence showing fruit F. Spike and flowers G. Dissection of flowers and fruits showing bract, bracteole, two lateral staminodes, two petal lobes, labellum, and the four appendages of the anther H. Flower. Source of materials: E190 (BO). Photo credits: B, C, D by Arief Supnatna. A, E, F, G, H by Marlina Ardiyani. The Editors would like to thank all reviewers of volume 14(2): Abdul Latiff Mohamad, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia Abdulrokhman Kartonegoro - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Agus Susatya - University of Bengkulu, Bengkulu, Indonesia Axel D. Poulsen - Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK Campbell O. Webb - Arnold Arboretum, University of Harvard, USA Edwino Fernando - Dept. of Forest Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Philippines Fabian Brambach - Dept. of Ecology & Ecosystem Research, Georg August University, Gottingen, Germany John Mood - Lyon Arboretum, University of Hawaii, USA Kuswata Kartawinata - Integrative Research Center, The Field Museum, Chicago, USA Mark Newman - Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK Martin Dancak - Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Czech Republic Mien A. Rifai - Akademi Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (AIPI) Ridha Mahyuni - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia REINWARDTIA Vol 14, No 2, pp: 287 ‒ 295 287 CHIONANTHUS (OLEACEAE) IN SULAWESI, INDONESIA, INCLUDING THREE NEW SPECIES Received April 06, 2015; accepted May 08, 2015 RUTH KIEW Forest Research Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia. E-mail: ruth@frim.gov.my ABSTRACT KIEW, R. 2015. Chionanthus (Oleaceae) in Sulawesi, Indonesia, including three new species. Reinwardtia 14(2): 287 ‒ 295. ― The genus Chionanthus (Oleaceae) in Sulawesi is revised. Nine species are described of which C. kostermansii Kiew, C. sordidus Kiew and C. sulawesicus Kiew are new species. Four species are endemic, C. celebicus Koord., C. sordidus, C. stenurus (Merr.) Kiew and C. sulawesicus. The geographic range of C. cordulatus Koord. extends to Bor- neo and Mollucas, while C. kostermansii also occurs in Sumbawa and Flores, and the range of C. rupicolus (Lingelsh.) Kiew extends to Sumbawa, Mollucas, New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago. Chionanthus polygamus (Roxb.) Kiew and C. ramiflorus Roxb. are both widespread species, the former from Sumatra to New Guinea and the latter from continental Asia to the Solomon Islands. A key to identify the species is provided. Chionanthus gigantifolius Koord. remains incompletely known. Key words: Chionanthus, distribution, endemic, key, new species, Sulawesi. ABSTRAK KIEW, R. 2015. Marga Chionanthus (Oleaceae) di Sulawesi, Indonesia, termasuk didalamnya tiga jenis baru. Reinwardtia 14(2): 287 ‒ 295. ― Marga Chionanthus (Oleaceae) di Sulawesi telah direvisi. Sembilan jenis telah diper- telakan, tiga diantaranya, C. kostermansii Kiew, C. sordidus Kiew dan C. sulawesicus Kiew merupakan jenis baru. Empat jenis diantaranya merupakan jenis endemik, C. celebicus Koord., C. sordidus, C. stenurus (Merr.) Kiew dan C. sulawesicus. Wilayah geografi dari C. cordulatus Koord. meluas hingga ke Borneo dan Maluku, sementara C. kostermansii ditemukan di Sumbawa dan Flores, selain itu wilayah geografi C. rupicolus (Lingelsh.) Kiew melebar hingga Sumbawa, Maluku, Papua Nugini dan Kepulauan Bismark. Chionanthus polygamus (Roxb.) Kiew dan C. ramiflorus Roxb. mempunyai wilayah persebaran yang luas, C. polygamus dapat ditemukan dari Sumatera hingga Papua Nugini dan C. ramiflorus mulai dari daratan Asia hingga Kepulauan Solomon. Kunci identifikasi jenis juga disajikan. Status jenis Chionanthus gigantifolius Koord. masih belum diketahui sepenuhnya. Kata kunci: Chionanthus, distribusi, endemik, jenis baru, kunci, Sulawesi. INTRODUCTION Chionanthus with about 100 species worldwide is most biodiverse in Malesia but is widespread in the tropics and subtropics from Asia to Madagascar and Africa with a few species in the Americas. Most are small to medium-sized trees recognised by their opposite, exstipulate leaves with an entire margin. The petiole often dries black. The flowers are small with four, white or yellow, narrow petals less than 1 cm long. The two stamens and superior ovary are characters of the family. The fruits are usually drupes with a fleshy layer that ripens deep purple or black but sometimes the outer layer is hard, brown and has a rough surface. Chionanthus fruits are very variable in size and shape and are important in species identification. Chionanthus occupies a wide range of habitats from lowland to montane forest, with some species in coastal or swamp forest or on substrates, such as limestone or ultramafic rock. Nine species are known from Sulawesi. Two are widespread species, Chionanthus polygamus (Roxb.) Kiew and C. ramiflorus Roxb., one C. rupicolus (Lingelsh.) Kiew is a new record for a species formerly known only from New Guinea; C. cordulatus Koord. also occurs in Borneo (Sabah and E Kalimantan) and N Maluku, and C. kostermansii Kiew occurs in Sumbawa and Flores. Four species, C. celebicus Koorders, C. sordidus Kiew, C. sulawesicus Kiew and C. stenurus (Merr.) Kiew are endemic in Sulawesi. Recently Sulawesi has been the focus of several expeditions, so a key to and description of these nine species is presented here to encourage collection and identification of Chionanthus specimens. Considering the diverse biogeographic origins of the flora, the different climatic regions, and diversity of substrate, no doubt further new species can be expected. Key to Chionanthus species in Sulawesi 1a. Leaf base cuneate, the very base cordate ………………………………...C. cordulatus b. Leaf base not cordate ………………………2 2a. Inflorescence paniculate …………………...3 b. Inflorescence racemose ……………………6 3a. Calyx grey hairy; fruits pear-shaped, apex pointed ………………………..C. polygamus b. Calyx if hairy not grey; fruit globose or REINWARDTIA 288 [VOL.14 ovoid, apex rounded ……………………….4 4 a. Axillary buds large and globose; lamina narrowly lanceolate, subcoriaceous, 2.3‒4 cm wide, veins plane beneath; fruit globose, 1.1 cm long ………………………...C. rupicolus b. Axillary buds small and pointed; lamina lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, membran- ous, 4‒10.5 cm wide, veins prominent beneath; fruit ellipsoid or ovoid, 1.6‒2 cm long ………………………………………...5 5 a. Lamina lanceolate, apex acute, drying chestnut brown, veins black beneath; petiole 1‒1.5 cm, thickened; inflorescence with second order branching; fruit ovoid 1.6 × 1.4 cm, pedicel not conspicuously thickened …………………………………. C. celebicus b. Lamina oblong to lanceolate, apex acuminate, drying kaki or greenish brown, veins promi- nent beneath; petiole 1.5‒3 cm, not thickened; inflorescence with third order branching; fruit ellipsoid, 2 × 1 cm, pedicel conspicuously thickened ……………………... C. ramiflorus 6 a. Lamina narrowly lanceolate, more than three times longer than wide ……………………..7 b. Lamina narrowly ovate or broadly elliptic, less than three times longer than wide ……...8 7 a. Veins prominent beneath, 7‒8(‒10) pairs; inflorescence 1‒2.3 cm long; fruits 2.2 × 1.8 cm, surface flakey with distant warts …………………………………... C. sordidus b. Veins plane beneath, (8‒)11‒12 pairs, Inflorescence 0.3‒1 cm long; fruit less than 2 cm long and surface not flakey with distant warts ……………………………..C. stenurus 8 a. Lamina narrowly ovate, coriaceous, petiole not thickened, drying black; fruit ellipsoid, smooth, sometimes with a white bloom ……………………………. ...C. kostermansii b. Lamina broadly elliptic, subcoriaceous, petiole thickened, drying whitish; fruit ovoid without a whitish bloom. ……. C. sulawesicus TAXONOMY 1. CHIONANTHUS CELEBICUS Koord. Chionanthus celebicus Koord., Meded. Lands Plantentuin. 19 (1898) 526, 637; Koorders-Schumacher, Systematisches Verzeichnis der zum Herbar Koorders (1914) 104. ― Type: N Celebes, Minahasa, Ratahan Koorders 18382β (holo L), 18382 iso BO). Tree to 10(‒20) m tall, bole to 20 cm diam. Bark grey or dark brown, more or less smooth. Twigs moderately slender, drying greyish brown, lenticellate, finely pubescent, nodes flattened. Leaf: petiole 1‒1.5 cm long, slightly thickened, drying black; lamina lanceolate, glabrous, (16.5‒) 20.5(‒28) × (4‒)6.5(‒8.5) cm, membranous, base acute, margin recurved, apex acute or sometimes shortly acuminate, drying chestnut-brown; midrib flat above; lateral veins (10‒)12‒13 pairs, slightly impressed above, midrib and veins prominent and finely pubescent beneath, marginal vein obscure, ca. 3 mm from margin. Inflorescence paniculate with second order branching, axillary, solitary or sometimes with 2 per axil, 1.5‒5 cm long of which peduncle is (0.5‒)2‒3 cm long, densely pubescent, lowest branch 0.5‒2 cm long, flowers crowded at the tips of the branches; bracts scarious, ca. 2 mm long, densely pubescent, persistent; pedicel 1‒2 mm long. Flowers bisexual, fragrant. Calyx ca. 1.5 mm long, divided almost halfway, lobes acute, pubescent, margin ciliate. Corolla yellow, 2‒4 mm long, divided almost to base, lobes narrowly linear, twisted at anthesis. Stamens 2 or sometimes 4, sessile, attached to base of corolla; anthers ca. 1 mm long, oblong, orange. Ovary globose, less than 1 mm long, glabrous, stigma bilobed, red. Infructescences to 6 cm long; pedicel slightly thickened, ca. 3 × 2 mm long. Fruit globose at maturity, ca. 1.6 × 1.4 cm; apex rounded, pericarp smooth, woody, on drying ca. 2 mm thick. Seed with endosperm. Distribution. Endemic in Sulawesi. Ecology. Secondar y for est including Eucalyptus deglupta forest, from 100-1450 m altitude. Trees are found in flower and fruit at the same time but there are insufficient collections to judge whether flowering and fruiting is aseasonal. Etymology. Named for its pr ovenance, Sulawesi was formerly known as the Celebes. Notes. It is the only Chionanthus species that has been found to sometimes have four instead of two stamens. Within the Malesian region, the only other species of Oleaceae where this has been recorded is Osmanthus scortichinii King & Gamble. In its leaves that dry chestnut brown, it resembles C. pluriflorus (Knobl.) Kiew from Bor- neo but its smaller, smooth fruits with a white bloom are very different from the large, verrucu- lose ones of C. pluriflorus. Specimens examined. SULAWESI. Sulawesi Utara (N Sulawesi). Bogani Nani Wartabone NP: Ilanga River Burley et al. 3676 (K), 3992 (KEP); Toraut Dam de V ogel & V ermeulen 6567 (K, KEP, L). Minahasa: Loempias [Lumpias] Boschproefst. (Netherlands Indies Forest Service) bb 14542 (L), Ratahan Koorders 18382β (L, holo), 18382 (BO, iso). Without locality Koorders 18378 (BO, L), 18379 (L), 18384 (BO, L), W ullur 83 (BO). – Sulawesi Tengah (C Sulawesi). Lore Lindu NP: Sopu Valley van Balgooy 3514 (BO, K, L), 3538 (BO, K, L); Tongoa Johansson et al. 211 (K, L); Wuasa Brambach et al. 1502 (B, BO, CEB, REINWARDTIA 288 [VOL.14 ovoid, apex rounded ……………………….4 4 a. Axillary buds large and globose; lamina narrowly lanceolate, subcoriaceous, 2.3�4 cm wide, veins plane beneath; fruit globose, 1.1 cm long ………………………...C. rupicolus b. Axillary buds small and pointed; lamina lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, membran- ous, 4�10.5 cm wide, veins prominent beneath; fruit ellipsoid or ovoid, 1.6�2 cm long ………………………………………...5 5 a. Lamina lanceolate, apex acute, drying chestnut brown, veins black beneath; petiole 1�1.5 cm, thickened; inflorescence with second order branching; fruit ovoid 1.6 × 1.4 cm, pedicel not conspicuously thickened …………………………………. C. celebicus b. Lamina oblong to lanceolate, apex acuminate, drying kaki or greenish brown, veins promi- nent beneath; petiole 1.5�3 cm, not thickened; inflorescence with third order branching; fruit ellipsoid, 2 × 1 cm, pedicel conspicuously thickened ……………………... C. ramiflorus 6 a. Lamina narrowly lanceolate, more than three times longer than wide ……………………..7 b. Lamina narrowly ovate or broadly elliptic, less than three times longer than wide ……...8 7 a. Veins prominent beneath, 7�8(�10) pairs; inflorescence 1�2.3 cm long; fruits 2.2 × 1.8 cm, surface flakey with distant warts …………………………………... C. sordidus b. Veins plane beneath, (8�)11�12 pairs, Inflorescence 0.3�1 cm long; fruit less than 2 cm long and surface not flakey with distant warts ……………………………..C. stenurus 8 a. Lamina narrowly ovate, coriaceous, petiole not thickened, drying black; fruit ellipsoid, smooth, sometimes with a white bloom ……………………………. ...C. kostermansii b. Lamina broadly elliptic, subcoriaceous, petiole thickened, drying whitish; fruit ovoid without a whitish bloom. ……. C. sulawesicus TAXONOMY 1. CHIONANTHUS CELEBICUS Koord. Chionanthus celebicus Koord., Meded. Lands Plantentuin. 19 (1898) 526, 637; Koorders-Schumacher, Systematisches Verzeichnis der zum Herbar Koorders (1914) 104. � Type: N Celebes, Minahasa, Ratahan Koorders 18382β (holo L), 18382 iso BO). Tree to 10(�20) m tall, bole to 20 cm diam. Bark grey or dark brown, more or less smooth. Twigs moderately slender, drying greyish brown, lenticellate, finely pubescent, nodes flattened. Leaf: petiole 1�1.5 cm long, slightly thickened, drying black; lamina lanceolate, glabrous, (16.5�) 20.5(�28) × (4�)6.5(�8.5) cm, membranous, base acute, margin recurved, apex acute or sometimes shortly acuminate, drying chestnut-brown; midrib flat above; lateral veins (10�)12�13 pairs, slightly impressed above, midrib and veins prominent and finely pubescent beneath, marginal vein obscure, ca. 3 mm from margin. Inflorescence paniculate with second order branching, axillary, solitary or sometimes with 2 per axil, 1.5�5 cm long of which peduncle is (0.5�)2�3 cm long, densely pubescent, lowest branch 0.5�2 cm long, flowers crowded at the tips of the branches; bracts scarious, ca. 2 mm long, densely pubescent, persistent; pedicel 1�2 mm long. Flowers bisexual, fragrant. Calyx ca. 1.5 mm long, divided almost halfway, lobes acute, pubescent, margin ciliate. Corolla yellow, 2�4 mm long, divided almost to base, lobes narrowly linear, twisted at anthesis. Stamens 2 or sometimes 4, sessile, attached to base of corolla; anthers ca. 1 mm long, oblong, orange. Ovary globose, less than 1 mm long, glabrous, stigma bilobed, red. Infructescences to 6 cm long; pedicel slightly thickened, ca. 3 × 2 mm long. Fruit globose at maturity, ca. 1.6 × 1.4 cm; apex rounded, pericarp smooth, woody, on drying ca. 2 mm thick. Seed with endosperm. Distribution. Endemic in Sulawesi. Ecology. Secondar y for est including Eucalyptus deglupta forest, from 100-1450 m altitude. Trees are found in flower and fruit at the same time but there are insufficient collections to judge whether flowering and fruiting is aseasonal. Etymology. Named for its pr ovenance, Sulawesi was formerly known as the Celebes. Notes. It is the only Chionanthus species that has been found to sometimes have four instead of two stamens. Within the Malesian region, the only other species of Oleaceae where this has been recorded is Osmanthus scortichinii King & Gamble. In its leaves that dry chestnut brown, it resembles C. pluriflorus (Knobl.) Kiew from Bor- neo but its smaller, smooth fruits with a white bloom are very different from the large, verrucu- lose ones of C. pluriflorus. Specimens examined. SULAWESI. Sulawesi Utara (N. Sulawesi). Bogani Nani Wartabone NP: Ilanga River Burley et al. 3676 (K), 3992 (KEP); Toraut Dam de V ogel & V ermeulen 6567 (K, KEP, L). Minahasa: Loempias [Lumpias] Boschproefst. (Netherlands Indies Forest Service) bb 14542 (L), Ratahan Koorders 18382β (L, holo), 18382 (BO, iso). Without locality Koorders 18378 (BO, L), 18379 (L), 18384 (BO, L), W ullur 83 (BO). – Sulawesi Tengah (C. Sulawesi). Lore Lindu NP: Sopu Valley van Balgooy 3514 (BO, K, L), 3538 (BO, K, L); Tongoa Johansson et al. 211 (K, L); Wuasa Brambach et al. 1502 (B, BO, CEB, . KIEW: Chionanthus in Indonesia 2015] 289 GOET, K, KEP, L). – Sulawesi Selatan (S Sulawe- si). Malili area: Oesoe [Usu] Boschproefst. (NIFS) Cel/II-310 (K, L). Makassar area. Bonthain Boschproefst. (NIFS) Cel/I-55 (L). – Sulawesi Tenggara (SE Sulawesi). Kendari: Poendidaka [Pondidaha] Kjellberg 1206 (BO). 2. CHIONANTHUS CORDULATUS Koord. Chionanthus cordulatus Koord. Meded. Lands Planten- tuin. 19 (1898) 527, 638; Koorders-Schumacher, Systematisches Verzeichnis der zum Herbar Koorders (1914) 104; Kiew, Tree Flora Sabah & Sarawak 4 (2002) 138; Kessler et al., Checklist Woody Plants of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Blumea, Suppl. 14 (2002) 100. ― Type: N Celebes, Minahasa, Ratahan Koorders 19592 (lecto BO, here selected; iso L). Small tree to 2‒5(‒15) m tall, bole to 30 cm diam. Bark greenish, inner bark pink-yellow. Sapwood yellowish. Twigs moderately slender, drying white, glabrous, lenticellate, nodes slightly flattened. Leaf: petiole (0.4‒)0.8(‒1.5) cm long, thickened, drying white; lamina slightly obovate to oval, chartaceous, glabrous, (16‒)22(‒36) × (6‒)8 (‒13) cm, narrowing to cordate base, margin not recurved, apex acuminate or sometimes acute, acumen to 1.5 cm long, drying greenish-brown to light chestnut brown; midrib and lateral veins flat above and prominent beneath; lateral veins (9‒)12 (‒17) pairs, marginal vein 2‒3 mm from margin. Inflorescence ramiflorus or axillary, 3 or more fascicled together, racemose with 3-6 pairs of well -spaced flowers or racemose panicle with lowest branch to 1 cm long, pubescent, 1‒4 cm long of which peduncle is 3‒5 mm; bracts scarious, acute, 2‒3 × 1.5 mm long, densely pubescent, persistent. Pedicel 1‒2 mm long. Flowers bisexual. Calyx ca. 0.5 mm long, divided almost halfway, lobes acute, minutely pubescent. Corolla white, sometimes yellowish green, 6‒8 mm long, divided almost to base, lobes narrowly linear, straight or twisted at anthesis. Stamens sessile; anthers oblong, ca. 0.7 mm long. Ovary globose, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous, stigma capitate. Inflorescences [from Bornean specimens] ramiflorus or axillary, 3 or more fascicled together, racemose with 3-6 pairs of flowers or a racemose panicle, 1‒4 cm long, lowest branch to 1 cm long; flowers well-spaced, pubescent; peduncle 3‒5 mm long. Infructescences thickened; fruit stalk 5 × 2 mm. Fruit ovoid, 2.7 × 2.3 cm, apex rounded; pericarp greyish green, rough with brown warts, on drying 2 mm thick, leathery. Seed with endosperm. Distribution. Bor neo (Sabah and East Kalimantan), North-East Sulawesi and North Maluku (Obi and Bacan Is.). Ecology. Lowland for est by r iver s or on hillsides, limestone (where it is sometimes very common) or in montane forest at 1150 m altitude. Etymology. Appositely named for its cordate leaf base being the only Chionanthus species in Malesia with this character. Notes. It is mor e common in Bor neo. It is a distinctive species with thin, papery leaves with a cordate base. Its fruits are borne on old twigs ca. 5 mm thick as well as in the leaf axils. Other specimens. K oorders 18387β, 18735β, 19616β and 19569β (cited by Koorders- Schumacher, Systematisches Verzeichnis der zum Herbar Koorders (1914) 104. 3. Chionanthus kostermansii Kiew, spec. nov. — Type: W Sumbawa, Mt Batulante Kostermans 18626, 1 May 1961 (holo BO (fruits); iso K, L). Diagnosis. The combination of its cor iaceous, lanceolate leaves that dry grey above and chestnut brown below and its smooth, ellipsoid fruits to 2 × 1.6 cm that often dry with a white bloom distinguish Chionanthus kostermansii from other species. Among Chionanthus species in Sulawesi, it most resembles C. sulawesicus in its racemose inflorescence and broader not narrowly lanceolate leaves but it is different in its narrowly ovate leaves to 13 × 4.5 cm (not broadly elliptic to slightly oblanceolate and to 16.5 × 7 cm), its longer inflorescence 1‒1.5 cm long (not 0.3‒1 cm long), and ellipsoid fruit to 20 mm long, 14 mm diam. (not broadly ovoid, to 22 mm long and 18 mm diam.). Tree to 25 m tall, bole to 30 cm diam., with small buttresses, flowering at 8 m tall with a bole 15 cm diam. Bark smooth, whitish grey, inner bark pale brown. Twigs slender, drying grey-white, lenticels not conspicuous, nodes flattened, glabrous. Leaf: petiole 0.7‒1.3 cm, not thickened, drying black; lamina coriaceous, glabrous, lanceolate to narrowly ovate, (8‒)10.5(‒13) × (2.5‒)3.7(‒6) cm, drying greyish-green above and chestnut brown beneath, slightly glossy above, base rounded, margin slightly recurved, apex acuminate, acumen to 1 cm long; midrib raised above, prominent beneath, lateral veins (5‒)7‒8(‒9) pairs, plane above and beneath, marginal veins 2‒3 mm from margin. Inflorescence axillary, racemose, solitary, 1‒1.5 cm long, minutely pubescent, with ca. 5 pairs of flowers, flowers spaced, peduncle 1‒2 mm long; bracts scarious, ovate, ca. 2 mm long, persistent, minutely pubescent; lowermost pedicels 3 mm long, uppermost 1.5 mm. Flowers bisexual. Calyx ca. 1 mm long, divided ca. halfway, lobes acute, pubescent, margin ciliate. Corolla white, 3 mm long, divided almost to base, narrowly linear, KIEW: Chionanthus in Indonesia 2015] 289 GOET, K, KEP, L). – Sulawesi Selatan (S. Sulawe- si). Malili area: Oesoe [Usu] Boschproefst. (NIFS) Cel/II-310 (K, L). Makassar area. Bonthain Boschproefst. (NIFS) Cel/I-55 (L). – Sulawesi Tenggara (SE. Sulawesi). Kendari: Poendidaka [Pondidaha] Kjellberg 1206 (BO). 2. CHIONANTHUS CORDULATUS Koord. Chionanthus cordulatus Koord. Meded. Lands Planten- tuin. 19 (1898) 527, 638; Koorders-Schumacher, Systematisches Verzeichnis der zum Herbar Koorders (1914) 104; Kiew, Tree Flora Sabah & Sarawak 4 (2002) 138; Kessler et al., Checklist Woody Plants of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Blumea, Suppl. 14 (2002) 100. – Type: N. Celebes, Minahasa, Ratahan Koorders 19592 (lecto BO, here selected; iso L). Small tree to 2�5(�15) m tall, bole to 30 cm diam. Bark greenish, inner bark pink-yellow. Sapwood yellowish. Twigs moderately slender, drying white, glabrous, lenticellate, nodes slightly flattened. Leaf: petiole (0.4�)0.8(�1.5) cm long, thickened, drying white; lamina slightly obovate to oval, chartaceous, glabrous, (16�)22(�36) × (6�)8 (�13) cm, narrowing to cordate base, margin not recurved, apex acuminate or sometimes acute, acumen to 1.5 cm long, drying greenish-brown to light chestnut brown; midrib and lateral veins flat above and prominent beneath; lateral veins (9�)12 (�17) pairs, marginal vein 2�3 mm from margin. Inflorescence ramiflorus or axillary, 3 or more fascicled together, racemose with 3-6 pairs of well -spaced flowers or racemose panicle with lowest branch to 1 cm long, pubescent, 1�4 cm long of which peduncle is 3�5 mm; bracts scarious, acute, 2�3 × 1.5 mm long, densely pubescent, persistent. Pedicel 1�2 mm long. Flowers bisexual. Calyx ca. 0.5 mm long, divided almost halfway, lobes acute, minutely pubescent. Corolla white, sometimes yellowish green, 6�8 mm long, divided almost to base, lobes narrowly linear, straight or twisted at anthesis. Stamens sessile; anthers oblong, ca. 0.7 mm long. Ovary globose, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous, stigma capitate. Inflorescences [from Bornean specimens] ramiflorus or axillary, 3 or more fascicled together, racemose with 3-6 pairs of flowers or a racemose panicle, 1�4 cm long, lowest branch to 1 cm long; flowers well-spaced, pubescent; peduncle 3�5 mm long. Infructescences thickened; fruit stalk 5 × 2 mm. Fruit ovoid, 2.7 × 2.3 cm, apex rounded; pericarp greyish green, rough with brown warts, on drying 2 mm thick, leathery. Seed with endosperm. Distribution. Bor neo (Sabah and East Kalimantan), North-East Sulawesi and North Maluku (Obi and Bacan Is.). Ecology. Lowland for est by r iver s or on hillsides, limestone (where it is sometimes very common) or in montane forest at 1150 m altitude. Etymology. Appositely named for its cordate leaf base being the only Chionanthus species in Malesia with this character. Notes. It is mor e common in Bor neo. It is a distinctive species with thin, papery leaves with a cordate base. Its fruits are borne on old twigs ca. 5 mm thick as well as in the leaf axils. Other specimens. K oorders 18387β, 18735β, 19616β and 19569β (cited by Koorders- Schumacher, Systematisches Verzeichnis der zum Herbar Koorders (1914) 104. 3. Chionanthus kostermansii Kiew, spec. nov. — Type: W. Sumbawa, Mt Batulante Kostermans 18626, 1 May 1961 (holo BO (fruits); iso K, L). Diagnosis. The combination of its cor iaceous, lanceolate leaves that dry grey above and chestnut brown below and its smooth, ellipsoid fruits to 2 × 1.6 cm that often dry with a white bloom distinguish Chionanthus kostermansii from other species. Among Chionanthus species in Sulawesi, it most resembles C. sulawesicus in its racemose inflorescence and broader not narrowly lanceolate leaves but it is different in its narrowly ovate leaves to 13 × 4.5 cm (not broadly elliptic to slightly oblanceolate and to 16.5 × 7 cm), its longer inflorescence 1�1.5 cm long (not 0.3�1 cm long), and ellipsoid fruit to 20 mm long, 14 mm diam. (not broadly ovoid, to 22 mm long and 18 mm diam.). Tree to 25 m tall, bole to 30 cm diam., with small buttresses, flowering at 8 m tall with a bole 15 cm diam. Bark smooth, whitish grey, inner bark pale brown. Twigs slender, drying grey-white, lenticels not conspicuous, nodes flattened, glabrous. Leaf: petiole 0.7�1.3 cm, not thickened, drying black; lamina coriaceous, glabrous, lanceolate to narrowly ovate, (8�)10.5(�13) × (2.5�)3.7(�6) cm, drying greyish-green above and chestnut brown beneath, slightly glossy above, base rounded, margin slightly recurved, apex acuminate, acumen to 1 cm long; midrib raised above, prominent beneath, lateral veins (5�)7�8(�9) pairs, plane above and beneath, marginal veins 2�3 mm from margin. Inflorescence axillary, racemose, solitary, 1�1.5 cm long, minutely pubescent, with ca. 5 pairs of flowers, flowers spaced, peduncle 1�2 mm long; bracts scarious, ovate, ca. 2 mm long, persistent, minutely pubescent; lowermost pedicels 3 mm long, uppermost 1.5 mm. Flowers bisexual. Calyx ca. 1 mm long, divided ca. halfway, lobes acute, pubescent, margin ciliate. Corolla white, 3 mm long, divided almost to base, narrowly linear, . REINWARDTIA 290 [VOL.14 fleshy, more or less straight at anthesis. Stamens subsessile, attached at base; anthers broadly oblong, 1 mm long. Ovary ovoid, 2 mm long, glabrous; stigma bilobed. Infructescence thick- ened, 2‒4 cm long, pedicels ca. 7 mm long, 2 mm thick. Fruit broadly ellipsoid, apex rounded, to 2 × 1.6 cm; pericarp pale greenish red with thin bitter- sweet juicy pulp (Kostermanns 19133), smooth, often drying with a white bloom, ca. 2 mm thick, leathery. Seed with endosperm. Distribution. Sulawesi, W Sumbawa and Flor es. Kostermans called the W Sumbawa locality ‘Batulante’, but Wiriadinata et al. (2013) refer to it as Batu Linting “Batu lante”. Ecology. Koster mans (1965) r epor ted that in W Sumbawa it is very common in transition forest intermediate between dry deciduous lowland forest up to ca. 800 m and in the evergreen, moist, semi-wet submontane forest above 800 m on andesite or granitic soil. His collections in April, May and November bear fruits, only the November collections have flowers as well. In Flores, it was collected at 1000 m altitude. Etymology. It is named for ‘Dok’ A.J.G.H. Kostermans, whose botanical exploration of Gunung Linting [Batulante], W Sumbawa, discovered this species. Notes. Although common in W Sumbawa, Chionanthus kostermansii is known from a single collection each from Flores and Sulawesi (habitats not recorded). Within Malesia, Chionanthus is most poorly represented in the Lesser Sunda Islands. For Sumbawa, apart from C. kostermansii, there is a single collection of C. rupicolus (Lingelsh.) Kiew (Kostermans 19169) and several of C. ramiflorus, a tree of seashores that is widespread from India to Australia. On the other hand, Olea (Olea paniculata R. Br. in particular, as well as O. rubrovenia (Elmer) Kiew) is well represented in dry deciduous forest (Kostermans, 1965). The same is true for Flores where Olea is common but apart from the single collection of C. kostermansii, the only other species of Chionanthus recorded is C. ramiflorus. Recently, Wiriadinata et al. (2013) reported that C. polygamus is a component of the tall forest canopy on the Mt Pasak complex of which Batu Linting is one peak. It is possible that these specimens belong to C. kostermansii. Specimens examined. SULAWESI. Sulawesi Selatan (S Sulawesi). Malili area: Oesoe [Usu] Boschproefst. (NIFS) Cel/II 363. W SUMBAWA. Mt Batulante April 1961 - Kostermans 18310 (BO, K, L), 18313 (BO, L), 18324 (BO, K, L), 18442 (BO, K, L), May 1961 – 18626 (BO, K, L, type), Nov 1961- 19133 (BO, K, L). FLORES. Waezebo village Schmutz 3548 (BO, L). 4. CHIONANTHUS POLYGAMUS (Roxb.) Kiew Chionanthus polygamus (Roxb.) Kiew, Tree Flora of Sabah & Sarawak 4, App. (2002) 350, ibid 151, fig. 4. Basionym: Samara polygama Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1 (1820) 435, ibid. 2nd ed. 1 (1832) 414. ― Type: Maluku Roxburgh 2603 (BM). Homotypic synonyms: Ardisia polygama (Roxb.) A.DC., Prod. 8 (1844) 138; Linociera polygama (Roxb.) S. Moore, J. Bot. (London) 51 (1913) 216. Heterotypic synonyms: Chionanthus laxiflorus Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 1 (1850) 319; Kiew, Malay. For. 42 (1979) 270, ibid. 43 (1980) 377, ibid. 44 (1981) 151, Tree Flora Malaya 4 (1989) 287, Coode et al. (eds.) Checklist Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Brunei Darussalam (1996) 247, Ar- gent et al. (eds.) Manual Larger and More Important Non-Dipterocarp Trees of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia 2 (1997) 489, Kessler et al., Checklist Woody Plants of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Blumea, Suppl. 14 (2002) 100; Linociera laxiflora (Blume) Knoblauch, Bot. Centralbl. 61 (1895) 87. Type: ― Borneo, Martapuera Korthals s.n. (holo L, iso K). Tree, 12‒20(‒32.5) m tall, to 40 cm diam., bole rarely buttressed, flowering at 4 m. Bark grey; inner bark orange-brown. Sapwood white or pale ochre. Twigs slender, drying pale grey, glabrous, lenticellate, nodes flattened. Leaf: petiole 0.5‒1.5 cm long, not thickened, drying black; lamina lanceolate (to slightly obovate), coriaceous, glabrous, (5‒)8‒12(‒17) × 1.5‒6.5 cm, base cuneate to slightly rounded, margin not recurved, apex acuminate to cuspidate, acumen to 1.5 cm long, rarely apiculate, drying slightly glossy and greyish green, sometimes brownish above; midrib and veins flat above, obscure or puckering along veins on drying; midrib slightly prominent beneath; lateral veins (5‒)7‒11(‒13) pairs, plane beneath, marginal vein 1‒2 mm from margin. Inflorescence axillary or extra-axillary, solitary or fascicled, many-flowered panicle with second and third order branching, (1.5‒)3‒6.5 cm long of which peduncle is (1‒)4‒7 cm long, finely pubescent, lowermost branch ca. 3 cm long, branches with 6‒10 flowers clustered at the tips; bracts scarious, ovate 1‒2 mm long, minutely pubescent, persistent. Flowers polygamous, yellow -green or creamy white; buds pointed; pedicel 0‒1 mm long. Bisexual flowers: Calyx ca. 1 mm long, divided about halfway, lobes acute, densely grey hairy. Corolla 1‒3 mm long, divided almost to base, lobes narrowly linear, twisted at anthesis. Stamens subsessile, anthers oblong, less than 1 mm long. Ovary ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous, stigma bilobed. Male flowers: buds less than 1 mm across and pedicel strongly reflexed, other characters similar to bisexual flowers but without vestige of ovary. Infructescences not thickened. Fruit pear-shaped, to 1.2 × 0.8 cm; pericarp REINWARDTIA 290 [VOL.14 fleshy, more or less straight at anthesis. Stamens subsessile, attached at base; anthers broadly oblong, 1 mm long. Ovary ovoid, 2 mm long, glabrous; stigma bilobed. Infructescence thick- ened, 2�4 cm long, pedicels ca. 7 mm long, 2 mm thick. Fruit broadly ellipsoid, apex rounded, to 2 × 1.6 cm; pericarp pale greenish red with thin bitter- sweet juicy pulp (Kostermanns 19133), smooth, often drying with a white bloom, ca. 2 mm thick, leathery. Seed with endosperm. Distribution. Sulawesi, W Sumbawa and Flor es. Kostermans called the W Sumbawa locality ‘Batulante’, but Wiriadinata et al. (2013) refer to it as Batu Linting “Batu lante”. Ecology. Koster mans (1965) r epor ted that in W Sumbawa it is very common in transition forest intermediate between dry deciduous lowland forest up to ca. 800 m and in the evergreen, moist, semi-wet submontane forest above 800 m on andesite or granitic soil. His collections in April, May and November bear fruits, only the November collections have flowers as well. In Flores, it was collected at 1000 m altitude. Etymology. It is named for ‘Dok’ A.J.G.H. Kostermans, whose botanical exploration of Gunung Linting [Batulante], W Sumbawa, discovered this species. Notes. Although common in W Sumbawa, Chionanthus kostermansii is known from a single collection each from Flores and Sulawesi (habitats not recorded). Within Malesia, Chionanthus is most poorly represented in the Lesser Sunda Islands. For Sumbawa, apart from C. kostermansii, there is a single collection of C. rupicolus (Lingelsh.) Kiew (Kostermans 19169) and several of C. ramiflorus, a tree of seashores that is widespread from India to Australia. On the other hand, Olea (Olea paniculata R. Br. in particular, as well as O. rubrovenia (Elmer) Kiew) is well represented in dry deciduous forest (Kostermans, 1965). The same is true for Flores where Olea is common but apart from the single collection of C. kostermansii, the only other species of Chionanthus recorded is C. ramiflorus. Recently, Wiriadinata et al. (2013) reported that C. polygamus is a component of the tall forest canopy on the Mt Pasak complex of which Batu Linting is one peak. It is possible that these specimens belong to C. kostermansii. Specimens examined. SULAWESI. Sulawesi Selatan (S Sulawesi). Malili area: Oesoe [Usu] Boschproefst. (NIFS) Cel/II 363. W. SUMBAWA. Mt Batulante April 1961 - Kostermans 18310 (BO, K, L), 18313 (BO, L), 18324 (BO, K, L), 18442 (BO, K, L), May 1961 – 18626 (BO, K, L, type), Nov 1961- 19133 (BO, K, L). FLORES. Waezebo village Schmutz 3548 (BO, L). 4. CHIONANTHUS POLYGAMUS (Roxb.) Kiew Chionanthus polygamus (Roxb.) Kiew, Tree Flora of Sabah & Sarawak 4, App. (2002) 350, ibid 151, fig. 4. Basionym: Samara polygama Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1 (1820) 435, ibid. 2nd ed. 1 (1832) 414. � Type: Maluku Roxburgh 2603 (BM). Homotypic synonyms: Ardisia polygama (Roxb.) A.DC., Prod. 8 (1844) 138; Linociera polygama (Roxb.) S. Moore, J. Bot. (London) 51 (1913) 216. Heterotypic synonyms: Chionanthus laxiflorus Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 1 (1850) 319; Kiew, Malay. For. 42 (1979) 270, ibid. 43 (1980) 377, ibid. 44 (1981) 151, Tree Flora Malaya 4 (1989) 287, Coode et al. (eds.) Checklist Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Brunei Darussalam (1996) 247, Ar- gent et al. (eds.) Manual Larger and More Important Non-Dipterocarp Trees of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia 2 (1997) 489, Kessler et al., Checklist Woody Plants of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Blumea, Suppl. 14 (2002) 100; Linociera laxiflora (Blume) Knoblauch, Bot. Centralbl. 61 (1895) 87. Type: � Borneo, Martapuera Korthals s.n. (holo L, iso K). Tree, 12�20(�32.5) m tall, to 40 cm diam., bole rarely buttressed, flowering at 4 m. Bark grey; inner bark orange-brown. Sapwood white or pale ochre. Twigs slender, drying pale grey, glabrous, lenticellate, nodes flattened. Leaf: petiole 0.5�1.5 cm long, not thickened, drying black; lamina lanceolate (to slightly obovate), coriaceous, glabrous, (5�)8�12(�17) × 1.5�6.5 cm, base cuneate to slightly rounded, margin not recurved, apex acuminate to cuspidate, acumen to 1.5 cm long, rarely apiculate, drying slightly glossy and greyish green, sometimes brownish above; midrib and veins flat above, obscure or puckering along veins on drying; midrib slightly prominent beneath; lateral veins (5�)7�11(�13) pairs, plane beneath, marginal vein 1�2 mm from margin. Inflorescence axillary or extra-axillary, solitary or fascicled, many-flowered panicle with second and third order branching, (1.5�)3�6.5 cm long of which peduncle is (1�)4�7 cm long, finely pubescent, lowermost branch ca. 3 cm long, branches with 6�10 flowers clustered at the tips; bracts scarious, ovate 1�2 mm long, minutely pubescent, persistent. Flowers polygamous, yellow -green or creamy white; buds pointed; pedicel 0�1 mm long. Bisexual flowers: Calyx ca. 1 mm long, divided about halfway, lobes acute, densely grey hairy. Corolla 1�3 mm long, divided almost to base, lobes narrowly linear, twisted at anthesis. Stamens subsessile, anthers oblong, less than 1 mm long. Ovary ovoid, ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous, stigma bilobed. Male flowers: buds less than 1 mm across and pedicel strongly reflexed, other characters similar to bisexual flowers but without vestige of ovary. Infructescences not thickened. Fruit pear-shaped, to 1.2 × 0.8 cm; pericarp . . . . . KIEW: Chionanthus in Indonesia 2015] 291 smooth, ripening purplish red or bluish black; on drying ca. 0.3 mm thick, thin and brittle, fruit stalk 1‒5 mm. Seed with endosperm. Distribution. Sumatr a, Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sulawesi, Moluccas and New Guinea. Ecology. Pr imar y or distur bed for est, often in swamp forest below 500 m altitude, in Borneo often in kerangas forest up to altitudes of 1950 m. In Central Sulawesi, it is one of the co-dominant trees in montane Fagaceae-Myrtaceae forest at 1400 m (Culmsee & Pitopang, 2009) and about 2000 m elevation (van Balgooy & Tantra, 1986). Etymology. Having both unisexual and bisexual flowers. Notes. Its pear -shaped fruits with a pointed apex are unique among Malesian Chionanthus. The polygamous condition is also unusual among Chionanthus species but it is also seen in C. rupicolus and C. macrobotrys (Merr.) Kiew, the latter from Borneo and the Philippines. Its male flowers are minute. Specimens examined. SULAWESI. Sulawesi Tengah (C Sulawesi). Lore Lindu NP: Bariri Brambach et al. 0831 (BO, CEB, GOET, KEP, L); Mt Dali Culmsee r2166 (BO, CEB, GOET, KEP, L); Mt Roroka Timbu [Rorekautimbu] van Balgooy 3190 (BO, K), 3401 (BO, K), Tantra 1580 (BO), 1582 (BO); Soroakes van Balgooy 3859 (BO, K); Watukilo Brambach et al. 0317 (B, BO, CEB, GOET, K, KEP, L), 0620 (CEB, GOET, KEP); Wuasa Brambach et al. 1604 (CEB, GOET, KEP); Tongoa Johansson et al. 329 (K); ― Sulawesi Selatan (S Sulawesi). Malili area: Wawoendoela [Wawundula] Kjellberg 2306 (BO). Tana Toraja: Todjamboe [Tojambu] Kjellberg 1834 (BO). MALUKU. Roxburgh 2603 (BM, type). 5. CHIONANTHUS RAMIFLORUS Roxb. Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2nd ed. 1 (1832) 107; Kiew, Malay. For. 42 (1979) 274, ibid. 43 (1980) 388, ibid. 44 (1981) 150, Tree Flora Malaya 4 (1989) 289; Coode et al. (eds.) Checklist Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Brunei Darulssalam (1996) 248; Kiew, Tree Flora Sabah & Sarawak 4 (2002) 155; Kessler et al., Checklist Woody Plants of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Blumea, Suppl. 14 (2002) 101. ― Type: Wight Icon. No. 734. Homotypic synonym: Linociera ramiflora (Roxb.) Wall. ex A.DC. Prodr. 8 (1844) 297; Backer & Bakhuizen f. Flora Java 2 (1965) 214. Tree to 21 m tall, bole to 30 cm diam. Bark grey- brown, smooth, lenticellate; inner bark brown. Sapwood whitish yellow. Twigs slender, drying white or light grey, glabrous, lenticels conspicuous, nodes flattened. Leaf: petiole 1.5‒3 cm long, not thickened, drying black; lamina oblong-lanceolate, elliptic or obovate, chartaceous or subcoriaceous, glossy above, glabrous, (6.5‒)9‒ 15(‒29) × (2‒)4‒7‒10.5) cm, base cuneate, rounded or sometimes decurrent, margin slightly recurved, apex acuminate, rounded or sometimes acute, drying green-brown on both surfaces; midrib impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 8-12 pairs, plane above, prominent beneath, marginal vein ca. 2 mm from margin, intercostal venation conspicuous. Inflorescence axillary, solitary, paniculate with second and third order branching and 3-6 distant branches, (0.5‒)3‒13 cm long of which peduncle is 1.5‒3.3 cm long, lowest branch (0.5‒)1.5‒3(‒5) cm long, flowers spaced, glabrous; bracts foliaceous, spathulate, 3‒15 mm long, glabrous, persistent. Pedicel 1‒3 mm long. Flowers bisexual, fragrant, buds rounded. Calyx less than 1 mm long, divided almost to the base, lobes acute, glabrous. Corolla white or pale yellow, 2‒3 mm long, lobes oblong, divided almost to base where joined in pairs for a quarter of their length, more or less straight at anthesis. Stamens sessile; anthers yellow, ca. 1 mm long, oblong. Ovary ovoid, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous, stigma bilobed. Infructescences to 12 cm long and thickened; pedicel 3‒5 mm long. Fruit ellipsoid at maturity, 2(‒4) × 1(‒2) cm, apex blunt or apiculate, often galled; pericarp smooth, ripening purple-black, drying thin and brittle, fruit stalk 2‒5 mm long, conspicuously swollen. Seed without endosperm, cotyledons fleshy. Distribution. E India, Indo-China, Taiwan, throughout Malesia to Australia (Queensland) and the Solomon Islands. Ecology. Pr imar y and secondar y for ests, frequently in coastal and riverine vegetation at altitudes below 300 m, but occasionally found in lower and upper montane forest at altitudes to 2200 m. In Sulawesi it grows on a variety of substrates, granite, limestone and ultramafic, and in C Sulawesi it occurs in submontane forest at 1200 m. Etymology. Flower ing on the br anches. Notes. Chionanthus ram iflorus is the most common and widespread Chionanthus species in Malesia. It often grows in coastal forest and has been collected from all islands in the archipelago. Specimens examined. SULAWESI. Sulawesi Tengah (C Sulawesi). Lore Lindu NP: Rompo Brambach et al. 1184 (CEB, GOET, KEP); Sopu Valley de V ogel 5602 (K, L). – Sulawesi Selatan (S Sulawesi). Malili area: Lake Matano van Balgooy 3681 (K, KEP, L), Hennipman 5761 (K, . . . . . . REINWARDTIA 292 [VOL.14 KEP, L), de V ogel 5922 (K, L), Malili Sidiyasa 1309 (K, L). 6. CHIONANTHUS RUPICOLUS (Lingelsh.) Kiew Chionanthus rupicolus (Lingelsh.) Kiew, Blumea 43 (1998) 475; Kessler et al., Checklist Woody Plants of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Blumea, Suppl. 14 (2002) 101. Basionym: L inociera rupicola Lingelsh., Bot. J ahr b. 61 (1927) 9, Nova Guinea 14 (1927) 330, t. 37; Kobuski, J. Arnold Arbor. 21 (1940) 333. ―Type: New Guinea, Mt Doorman Lam 1912 (‘192’ holo L; iso BO, K). Heterotypic synonyms: Linociera novoguineensis Lingelsh., Bot. Jahrb. 61 (1927) 9. ―Type: New Guinea, Finisterre Range Schlechter 18198 (holo B+; lecto K, here selected, isolecto A, BM). Linociera ramiflora var. coriacea Lingels., Nova Guinea 14 (1927) 329. Linociera ovalis Knobl., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11 (1934) 1029. ― Type: New Guinea Gjellerup 704 (holo BO). Shrub or tree 18(‒35) m tall, bole to 40 cm diam., rarely with buttresses, flowering at 2 m. Bark grey or grey-brown, rough, fissured and peeling; inner bark light brown mottled amber, turning red- brown on exposure. Sapwood pale yellow reddening on exposure. Twigs moderately slender, drying dark grey, glabrous, lenticellate, nodes slightly flattened, leaf scars prominent and horseshoe-shaped, axillary buds globose, large and conspicuous. Leaf: petiole 1‒2.5 cm long, not thickened, drying black; lamina narrowly elliptic, sometimes elliptic, subcoriaceous or sometimes coriaceous, glabrous, (5‒)9(‒18.5) × 2‒7.5 cm, base narrowed or cuneate to somewhat decurrent, margin slightly recurved, apex acuminate, acumen to 2 cm long, drying greenish-grey above and reddish brown beneath; midrib flat or impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 5‒11 pairs, finely impressed or obscure above, slightly prominent beneath, marginal vein obscure, ca. 1 mm from margin. Inflorescence axillary, solitary, a lax panicle with third order branching, (2.5‒)6‒7(‒ 9) cm long of which peduncle is 1.7‒3 m long, lower branches 1‒2 cm long, twice the length of the upper, glabrous, flowers clustered at the tips of the branches, often produced on new shoots; bracts foliacous, spathulate, 7‒10(‒20) × 2‒4 mm, glabrous, persistent. Pedicel 0-1 mm long. Flowers polygamous, fragrant, white or pale yellow, sometimes pale green. Bisexual flowers: calyx ca. 1 mm long, divided more than halfway, lobes acute, glabrous with ciliate margin. Corolla 3‒4 mm long, divided almost to base, lobes narrowly linear, twisted at anthesis. Stamens subsessile; anthers orange, broadly oblong, ca. 1 mm long, connective apiculate. Ovary ovoid, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous, stigma bilobed. Male flowers different in calyx ca. 0.5 mm long, divided almost to base; corolla ca. 2 mm long; ovary totally lacking. Infructescences 1.7‒9.5 cm long and scarcely thickened; fruit stalk 2‒3 × 1 mm long. Fruit globose, 0.8‒1.1 × 0.7‒1.1 cm, apex minutely apiculate; pericarp smooth, reddish ripening deep purple, drying less than 1 mm thick, brittle. Seed with endosperm. Distribution. Sulawesi, Sumbawa, Maluku (Morotai and Obi), New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain and New Ireland). Ecology. Mossy for est to 2500 m altitude, or in swamps at 2100 m, sometimes in lowlands on river banks or on seashores. In Sulawesi at low altitudes (to 400 m) on limestone or ultramafic substrates. Etymology. Living in r ocky places. Notes. Chionanthus rupicolus is basically a New Guinea species where it is common. It is a variable species. For example, the population at Lake Matano, Sulawesi, has leaves that are particularly narrow, 8‒13 × 2.3‒4 cm. Besides C. rupicolus, another four Chionanthus species are known from Maluku, two are widespread species (C. polygamus and C. ramiflorus), C. sessiliflorus (Hemsl.) Kiew is more common in New Guinea and is not known from Sulawesi, while the fifth is C. cordulatus. Specimens examined. SULAWESI. Sulawesi Selatan (S Sulawesi). Malili area: Lake Matano van Balgooy 3791 (K, L), de V ogel 5835 (K, L); Lake Towuti de V ogel 6325 (K, L), 6328 (K, L). NEW GUINEA. Mt Doorman Lam 1912 (BO, K, L, type). 7. Chionanthus sordidus Kiew, spec nov. Kessler et al., Checklist Woody Plants of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Blumea, Suppl. 14 (2002) 101, nomen. Type: S Sulawesi, Bonemaitu, Lake Matano de V ogel 6244, 14 July 1979 (holo L; iso K, KEP). Diagnosis. Among species fr om Sulawesi, it most resembles Chionanthus stenurus in its narrowly lanceolate leaves and racemose inflorescences, but it is distinguished by its longer petioles 7‒10 mm long (not 3‒5 mm as in C. stenurus), longer racemes 10‒25 mm long (not 5‒12 mm long) and its large ovoid, thicker-walled fruit 2.2 cm long, 1.8 cm diam. (not globose, 1.5‒ 1.8 cm diam.). The fruit surface of C. sordidus is distinctive, apart from the distant warts, the whole surface cracks into flakes and unlike the majority of Chionanthus species, which are reported to ripen purple-black, it ripens brownish-grey. In its leaves that dry chestnut brown underneath it resembles C. celebicus from which it is . . KIEW: Chionanthus in Indonesia 2015] 293 immediately distinguished by its narrower leaves more than three times longer than wide and its racemose inflorescence. Shrub or tree, 2‒10 m tall. Twigs slender, white or grey, nodes slightly flattened, glabrous, lenticels conspicuous. Leaf: petiole (0.7‒)0.8(‒1) cm, not thickened, drying black; lamina thinly coriaceous, matt, glabrous, narrow lanceolate, (10.5‒)14(‒19) × (2.5‒)4(‒5) cm, base cuneate, margin slightly recurved, apex acute, frequently cuspidate, acumen to 3 cm, drying green-brown or grey- green above, dark chestnut brown beneath; midrib impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 7-8(-10) pairs, plane or slightly impressed above, prominent beneath, marginal vein 2‒3 mm from margin. Inflorescence axillary, solitary, racemose, with 3-4 spaced pairs of flowers, 1‒2.5 cm long, sparsely pubescent; bracts foliaceous, ca. 7 × 4 mm, glabrous. Flower: corolla and stamens unknown in flowers where corolla has fallen: pedicel 1‒2 mm long; calyx 1 mm long, divided almost halfway, lobes broadly ovate, glabrous with ciliate margin; ovary globose, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous, stigma bilobed. Infructescence thickened, pedicel to ca. 3 mm long, ca. 2 mm thick. Fruits ovoid, ca. 2.2 cm long, ca. 1.8 cm diam., apex rounded; pericarp rough, flaking with distant warts, brownish grey, drying ca. 2 mm thick, leathery; fruit stalk thickened, ca. 2 mm thick. Seed unknown. Distribution. Endemic in S. Sulawesi (Malili area and near Makassar). Ecology. Pr imar y lowland for est, sometimes on ultrabasic soil, 100‒430 m altitude. Etymology. The species is named for the r ather shabby appearance of its leaves, which dry a dingy green-brown and grey-green and wrinkle along the veins. Notes. Thr ee species, Chionanthus rupicolus, C. sordidus and C. stenurus recorded from Lake Matano, have narrowly lanceolate, almost stenurous leaves. Chionanthus rupicolus is distinct from the other two by its longer petiole (0.7‒2 cm long), paniculate inflorescence (2.5‒9 cm long) and its smaller, globose fruit, which on drying has a thin brittle pericarp. (Elsewhere in its range, C. rupicolus has broader leaves). Chionanthus sordidus is distinct from C. stenurus by its longer petioles and raceme and fruit characters. In addition, at Lake Matano field notes (where given) indicate that these three species are separated ecologically. Chionanthus rupicolus has been collected from low lakeshore vegetation (now rather disturbed), C. stenurus from limestone outcrops on the shore of Lake Matano, and C. sordidus from ultramafic soil. Van Balgooy & Tantra (1986) report a pronounced difference in the vegetation and flora of ultramafic soil compared with that on limestone, both on the lake shore and inland. Specimens examined. SULAWESI. Sulawesi Selatan. Malili area: Oesoe [Usu] Boschproefst (NIFS). Cel/II-260 (L), Cel/II-310 (L, K), ; Lake Matano de V ogel 6244 (KEP, L, type), Meijer 11436 (L). Makassar area: Lokka, Bonthain Teysmann [Teijsmann] 13941H.B. (BO, L). 8. CHIONANTHUS STENURUS (Merr.) Kiew Chionanthus stenurus (Merr.) Kiew, Blumea 43 (1998) 477; Kessler et al., Checklist Woody Plants of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Blumea, Suppl. 14 (2002) 101. Basionym: Linociera stenura Merr., J. Arnold Arbor. 35 (1954) 151. ― Type: Celebes, Malili District, Waraoe Kjellberg 2120 (holo S; iso A, BO, L). Treelet to 5 m tall. Twigs slender, drying grey- brown, lenticellate, glabrous, nodes slightly flattened. Leaf: petiole 0.3‒0.5 cm long, not thickened, drying black or brown; lamina subcoriaceous, glabrous, narrowly lanceolate, (7.5 ‒)10(‒15) × 2‒4 cm, base cuneate, margin recurved, apex narrowly attenuate to cuspidate, acumen to 2 cm, sometimes glossy above, drying grey-green above; midrib slightly impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral veins (8-)11-12 pairs, flat and obscure above and beneath, marginal vein faint, ca. 1 mm from margin. Inflorescence axillary, solitary, racemose with 1-4 well-spaced pairs of flowers, glabrous, 0.5‒1.2 cm long of which peduncle is 1‒2 mm; bracts foliaceous, spathulate, 4‒7 × 2‒3 mm, glabrous, caducous. Pedicel ca. 1 mm long. Flowers bisexual. Calyx ca. 0.7 mm long, divided almost to base, lobes acute, spreading, glabrous. Corolla white, ca. 4 mm long, divided almost to base, lobes narrowly linear, twisted at anthesis. Stamens subsessile, attached at base of corolla, anther oblong, ca. 1 mm long. Ovary ovoid, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous, stigma bilobed. Infructescence thickened, fruit stalk ca. 1.5 × 1.5 mm. Fruits globose, ca. 1.5‒1.8 cm diam., apex rounded; pericarp ripening purple, minute rugose, drying leathery, ca. 1 mm thick. Seed with endosperm. Distribution. Endemic in Sulawesi in the Malili area. Ecology. Fr om coastal for est or for est at the edge of lakes, on limestone outcrops or on lime- stone derived soil, at 50‒450 m altitude. Etymology. The species is named for its nar r ow leaves with an attenuated narrow apex. KIEW: Chionanthus in Indonesia 2015] 293 immediately distinguished by its narrower leaves more than three times longer than wide and its racemose inflorescence. Shrub or tree, 2�10 m tall. Twigs slender, white or grey, nodes slightly flattened, glabrous, lenticels conspicuous. Leaf: petiole (0.7�)0.8(�1) cm, not thickened, drying black; lamina thinly coriaceous, matt, glabrous, narrow lanceolate, (10.5�)14(�19) × (2.5�)4(�5) cm, base cuneate, margin slightly recurved, apex acute, frequently cuspidate, acumen to 3 cm, drying green-brown or grey- green above, dark chestnut brown beneath; midrib impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 7-8(-10) pairs, plane or slightly impressed above, prominent beneath, marginal vein 2�3 mm from margin. Inflorescence axillary, solitary, racemose, with 3-4 spaced pairs of flowers, 1�2.5 cm long, sparsely pubescent; bracts foliaceous, ca. 7 × 4 mm, glabrous. Flower: corolla and stamens unknown in flowers where corolla has fallen: pedicel 1�2 mm long; calyx 1 mm long, divided almost halfway, lobes broadly ovate, glabrous with ciliate margin; ovary globose, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous, stigma bilobed. Infructescence thickened, pedicel to ca. 3 mm long, ca. 2 mm thick. Fruits ovoid, ca. 2.2 cm long, ca. 1.8 cm diam., apex rounded; pericarp rough, flaking with distant warts, brownish grey, drying ca. 2 mm thick, leathery; fruit stalk thickened, ca. 2 mm thick. Seed unknown. Distribution. Endemic in S. Sulawesi (Malili area and near Makassar). Ecology. Pr imar y lowland for est, sometimes on ultrabasic soil, 100�430 m altitude. Etymology. The species is named for the r ather shabby appearance of its leaves, which dry a dingy green-brown and grey-green and wrinkle along the veins. Notes. Thr ee species, Chionanthus rupicolus, C. sordidus and C. stenurus recorded from Lake Matano, have narrowly lanceolate, almost stenurous leaves. Chionanthus rupicolus is distinct from the other two by its longer petiole (0.7�2 cm long), paniculate inflorescence (2.5�9 cm long) and its smaller, globose fruit, which on drying has a thin brittle pericarp. (Elsewhere in its range, C. rupicolus has broader leaves). Chionanthus sordidus is distinct from C. stenurus by its longer petioles and raceme and fruit characters. In addition, at Lake Matano field notes (where given) indicate that these three species are separated ecologically. Chionanthus rupicolus has been collected from low lakeshore vegetation (now rather disturbed), C. stenurus from limestone outcrops on the shore of Lake Matano, and C. sordidus from ultramafic soil. Van Balgooy & Tantra (1986) report a pronounced difference in the vegetation and flora of ultramafic soil compared with that on limestone, both on the lake shore and inland. Specimens examined. SULAWESI. Sulawesi Selatan. Malili area: Oesoe [Usu] Boschproefst (NIFS). Cel/II-260 (L), Cel/II-310 (L, K), ; Lake Matano de V ogel 6244 (KEP, L, type), Meijer 11436 (L). Makassar area: Lokka, Bonthain Teysmann [Teijsmann] 13941H.B. (BO, L). 8. CHIONANTHUS STENURUS (Merr.) Kiew Chionanthus stenurus (Merr.) Kiew, Blumea 43 (1998) 477; Kessler et al., Checklist Woody Plants of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Blumea, Suppl. 14 (2002) 101. Basionym: Linociera stenura Merr., J. Arnold Arbor. 35 (1954) 151. � Type: Celebes, Malili District, Waraoe Kjellberg 2120 (holo S; iso A, BO, L). Treelet to 5 m tall. Twigs slender, drying grey- brown, lenticellate, glabrous, nodes slightly flattened. Leaf: petiole 0.3�0.5 cm long, not thickened, drying black or brown; lamina subcoriaceous, glabrous, narrowly lanceolate, (7.5 �)10(�15) × 2�4 cm, base cuneate, margin recurved, apex narrowly attenuate to cuspidate, acumen to 2 cm, sometimes glossy above, drying grey-green above; midrib slightly impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral veins (8-)11-12 pairs, flat and obscure above and beneath, marginal vein faint, ca. 1 mm from margin. Inflorescence axillary, solitary, racemose with 1-4 well-spaced pairs of flowers, glabrous, 0.5�1.2 cm long of which peduncle is 1�2 mm; bracts foliaceous, spathulate, 4�7 × 2�3 mm, glabrous, caducous. Pedicel ca. 1 mm long. Flowers bisexual. Calyx ca. 0.7 mm long, divided almost to base, lobes acute, spreading, glabrous. Corolla white, ca. 4 mm long, divided almost to base, lobes narrowly linear, twisted at anthesis. Stamens subsessile, attached at base of corolla, anther oblong, ca. 1 mm long. Ovary ovoid, ca. 1 mm long, glabrous, stigma bilobed. Infructescence thickened, fruit stalk ca. 1.5 × 1.5 mm. Fruits globose, ca. 1.5�1.8 cm diam., apex rounded; pericarp ripening purple, minute rugose, drying leathery, ca. 1 mm thick. Seed with endosperm. Distribution. Endemic in Sulawesi in the Malili area. Ecology. Fr om coastal for est or for est at the edge of lakes, on limestone outcrops or on lime- stone derived soil, at 50�450 m altitude. Etymology. The species is named for its nar r ow leaves with an attenuated narrow apex. REINWARDTIA 294 [VOL.14 Notes. It is a ver y distinctive species by its narrow leaves. It appears to be a rare and local species restricted to limestone substrates. Specimens examined. SULAWESI. Sulawesi Selatan (S Sulawesi). Malili area: Lake Matano de Vogel 5792 (K, L), 5892 (K, L); Waraoe [Warau] Kjellberg 2120 (A, BO, L, S, type); Warare Kjellberg 3169 (BO). 9. Chionanthus sulawesicus Kiew, spec. nov. Kessler et al., Checklist Woody Plants of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Blumea, Suppl. 14 (2002) 101, nomen. — Type: Sulawesi, Sopu Valley, Lore Lindu National Park, nr. Palu van Balgooy 3046 27 April 1979 (holo BO; iso K, L). Diagnosis. In its leaves, which dr y pale gr eenish -brown, and have thickened petioles, which dry white, and its short racemes, Chionanthus sulawesicus most closely resembles C. sessiliflorus (Hemsl.) Kiew of Maluku, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, and C. spicatus Blume of Borneo. It is different from these species in its pedicellate flowers that have short corolla lobes compared (not sessile or subsessile flowers with corolla lobes 4‒11 mm long). In addition, C. sessiliflorus has ellipsoid, ridged fruits up to 7 cm long, while C. spicatus has globose fruits with a thin pericarp. Tree to 25 m tall, bole to 30 cm, without buttresses, flowering at 5 m tall. Bark grey or dark brown, ca. 1 mm thick, not fissured but warty with conspicuous lenticels; inner bark yellow brown, ca. 10 mm thick. Sapwood brown-yellow. Twigs slender, white, nodes flattened and expanded laterally, glabrous, with conspicuous horseshoe- shaped leaf scars. Leaf: petiole 0.5‒1 cm long, thickened, drying white; lamina broadly elliptic to slightly oblanceolate, subcoriaceous, glabrous, (8.5‒)12(‒16.5) × 3‒7 cm, base cuneate, margin slightly recurved, apex acuminate, acumen to 1 cm long, drying greenish-brown; midrib impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 7-8(-9) pairs, plane above, prominent beneath, marginal vein 2‒4 mm from margin. Inflorescence axillary, solitary, racemose with ca. 4-5 crowded pairs of flowers, 0.3‒1 cm long, glabrous; bracts scarious, acute 2‒3 mm long, glabrous with ciliate margin, persistent; pedicel 1‒2 mm long. Flowers bisexual. Calyx ca. 1 mm long, divided almost to the base, lobes acute, glabrous with ciliate margin. Corolla yellow, 3‒5 mm long, divided almost to base, lobes narrowly linear, fleshy, strongly recurved at anthesis. Stamens sessile, attached to base of corolla; anthers oblong, less than 1 mm long. Ovary ovoid, less than 1 mm long, glabrous, stigma bilobed. Infructescences to 2 cm long and thickened; pedicel 3‒5 mm long. Fruit ovoid becoming globose at maturity, 1.3‒3 cm long, 1.1‒ 3 cm diam.; pericarp ripening violet, smooth, on drying 2‒3 mm thick, leathery. Seed with endosperm. Distribution. Endemic in Centr al and South Sulawesi. Ecology. Ripar ian or mixed for est on wet or poorly drained alluvial soil, depleted forest on gentle slopes near streams from 200‒2200 m altitude. Most collections are from riparian Eucalyptus deglupta forest where C. celebicus is also found. Ecological enumerations by van Balgooy & Tantra (1986) showed that it is one of the three co-dominant understorey tree species in terms of frequency in mixed forest on flat poorly drained soil. (In that account, this species is referred to as Chionanthus sp. ‘D’). At higher elevations (above 1700 m altitude), C. sulawesicus is replaced by C. polygamus, which at about 2000 m is one of the co-dominant species. Trees are found in flower and fruit at the same time but there are insufficient collections to judge whether flowering and fruiting is aseasonal. Etymology. Named for its pr ovenance, it is en- demic in Sulawesi. Specimens examined. SULAWESI. Sulawesi Utara (N Sulawesi). Bogani Nani Wartabone NP: Mt Mogogonipa de V ogel & V ermeulen 6951 (K, KEP, L), Milliken 995 (K); Ilanga River Burley et al. 3820 (KEP). – Sulawesi Tengah (C Sulawesi). Lore Lindu NP: Lake Tambing Ramadhanil et al. 439 (CEB, K); Mt Dali Culmsee y2052 (BO, CEB, GOET, KEP, L), y2086 (CEB, GOET, KEP); Mt Nokilalaki [Lake Lindu] Meijer 9563 (L); Mt Rorekautimbu Darnaedi 1623 (K, L); Sopu Valley de Vogel 5096 (K, L), 5503 (K, L), 5534 (K, L), 5535 (L, K), 5568 (BO, L), van Balgooy 3046 (BO, K, L, type), van Balgooy 3068 (BO, K, L); Tongoa Johansson et al. 552 (K, L). – Sulawesi Selatan (S Sulawesi). Malili area: Toli-toli W a- turandang 364 (=Boschproefst. (NIFS) Cel/V-256) (BO, L), 373 (=Boschproefst. (NIFS) Cel/V -256) (BO). EXCLUDED SPECIES CHIONANTHUS? GIGANTIFOLIUS Koord. Chionanthus gigantifolius Koord., Meded. Lands Plantentuin 19 (1898) 527, 638; Koorders-Schumacher, Systematisches Verzeichnis der zum Herbar Koorders (1914) 104. ― Type: N Celebes, Minahasa, G. Lolomboelan (Koorders 18573β (lecto L). The lectotype is a single very large spathulate leaf, 38 × 11 cm, narrowed to the base. Among the Sulawesi species only C. cordulatus approaches it REINWARDTIA 294 [VOL.14 Notes. It is a ver y distinctive species by its narrow leaves. It appears to be a rare and local species restricted to limestone substrates. Specimens examined. SULAWESI. Sulawesi Selatan (S Sulawesi). Malili area: Lake Matano de Vogel 5792 (K, L), 5892 (K, L); Waraoe [Warau] Kjellberg 2120 (A, BO, L, S, type); Warare Kjellberg 3169 (BO). 9. Chionanthus sulawesicus Kiew, spec. nov. Kessler et al., Checklist Woody Plants of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Blumea, Suppl. 14 (2002) 101, nomen. — Type: Sulawesi, Sopu Valley, Lore Lindu National Park, nr. Palu van Balgooy 3046 27 April 1979 (holo BO; iso K, L). Diagnosis. In its leaves, which dr y pale gr eenish -brown, and have thickened petioles, which dry white, and its short racemes, Chionanthus sulawesicus most closely resembles C. sessiliflorus (Hemsl.) Kiew of Maluku, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands, and C. spicatus Blume of Borneo. It is different from these species in its pedicellate flowers that have short corolla lobes compared (not sessile or subsessile flowers with corolla lobes 4�11 mm long). In addition, C. sessiliflorus has ellipsoid, ridged fruits up to 7 cm long, while C. spicatus has globose fruits with a thin pericarp. Tree to 25 m tall, bole to 30 cm, without buttresses, flowering at 5 m tall. Bark grey or dark brown, ca. 1 mm thick, not fissured but warty with conspicuous lenticels; inner bark yellow brown, ca. 10 mm thick. Sapwood brown-yellow. Twigs slender, white, nodes flattened and expanded laterally, glabrous, with conspicuous horseshoe- shaped leaf scars. Leaf: petiole 0.5�1 cm long, thickened, drying white; lamina broadly elliptic to slightly oblanceolate, subcoriaceous, glabrous, (8.5�)12(�16.5) × 3�7 cm, base cuneate, margin slightly recurved, apex acuminate, acumen to 1 cm long, drying greenish-brown; midrib impressed above, prominent beneath; lateral veins 7-8(-9) pairs, plane above, prominent beneath, marginal vein 2�4 mm from margin. Inflorescence axillary, solitary, racemose with ca. 4-5 crowded pairs of flowers, 0.3�1 cm long, glabrous; bracts scarious, acute 2�3 mm long, glabrous with ciliate margin, persistent; pedicel 1�2 mm long. Flowers bisexual. Calyx ca. 1 mm long, divided almost to the base, lobes acute, glabrous with ciliate margin. Corolla yellow, 3�5 mm long, divided almost to base, lobes narrowly linear, fleshy, strongly recurved at anthesis. Stamens sessile, attached to base of corolla; anthers oblong, less than 1 mm long. Ovary ovoid, less than 1 mm long, glabrous, stigma bilobed. Infructescences to 2 cm long and thickened; pedicel 3�5 mm long. Fruit ovoid becoming globose at maturity, 1.3�3 cm long, 1.1� 3 cm diam.; pericarp ripening violet, smooth, on drying 2�3 mm thick, leathery. Seed with endosperm. Distribution. Endemic in Centr al and South Sulawesi. Ecology. Ripar ian or mixed for est on wet or poorly drained alluvial soil, depleted forest on gentle slopes near streams from 200�2200 m altitude. Most collections are from riparian Eucalyptus deglupta forest where C. celebicus is also found. Ecological enumerations by van Balgooy & Tantra (1986) showed that it is one of the three co-dominant understorey tree species in terms of frequency in mixed forest on flat poorly drained soil. (In that account, this species is referred to as Chionanthus sp. ‘D’). At higher elevations (above 1700 m altitude), C. sulawesicus is replaced by C. polygamus, which at about 2000 m is one of the co-dominant species. Trees are found in flower and fruit at the same time but there are insufficient collections to judge whether flowering and fruiting is aseasonal. Etymology. Named for its pr ovenance, it is en- demic in Sulawesi. Specimens examined. SULAWESI. Sulawesi Utara (N. Sulawesi). Bogani Nani Wartabone NP: Mt Mogogonipa de V ogel & V ermeulen 6951 (K, KEP, L), Milliken 995 (K); Ilanga River Burley et al. 3820 (KEP). – Sulawesi Tengah (C. Sulawesi). Lore Lindu NP: Lake Tambing Ramadhanil et al. 439 (CEB, K); Mt Dali Culmsee y2052 (BO, CEB, GOET, KEP, L), y2086 (CEB, GOET, KEP); Mt Nokilalaki [Lake Lindu] Meijer 9563 (L); Mt Rorekautimbu Darnaedi 1623 (K, L); Sopu Valley de Vogel 5096 (K, L), 5503 (K, L), 5534 (K, L), 5535 (L, K), 5568 (BO, L), van Balgooy 3046 (BO, K, L, type), van Balgooy 3068 (BO, K, L); Tongoa Johansson et al. 552 (K, L). – Sulawesi Selatan (S. Sulawesi). Malili area: Toli- toli Wa- turandang 364 (=Boschproefst. (NIFS) Cel/V-256) (BO, L), 373 (=Boschproefst. (NIFS) Cel/V -256) (BO). EXCLUDED SPECIES CHIONANTHUS? GIGANTIFOLIUS Koord. Chionanthus gigantifolius Koord., Meded. Lands Plantentuin 19 (1898) 527, 638; Koorders-Schumacher, Systematisches Verzeichnis der zum Herbar Koorders (1914) 104. � Type: N Celebes, Minahasa, G. Lolomboelan (Koorders 18573β (lecto L). The lectotype is a single very large spathulate leaf, 38 × 11 cm, narrowed to the base. Among the Sulawesi species only C. cordulatus approaches it . KIEW: Chionanthus in Indonesia 2015] 295 in leaf size, 16‒36 × 6‒13 cm, but its leaf narrows to a cordate base. No flowers or fruits were available to Koorders and the question mark is his and indicates his doubt that this is even a species of Chionanthus. Since it does not resemble any Chionanthus species, it is excluded from the genus. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank the Flora Malesiana Foundation, Universiti Pertanian/Putra Malaysia, and the Flora of Peninsular Malaysia project under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment for financial support, and to the Curators of A, BM, BO, GCE, K, L, LAE, SAN, SAR and SING for permission to examine specimens in their care, to Fabian Brambach, whose recent collections spurred me to complete this account and to the anonymous reviewer whose knowledgeable suggestions greatly improved the manuscript. REFERENCES BLUME, C. L. 1850. Oleaceae. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 1: 310‒320. CULMSEE, H. & PITOPANG, R. 2009. Tree diversity in sub-montane and lower montane primary rain forests in Central Sulawesi. Blumea 54: 119‒123. KESSLER, P. J. A, BOS, M. M., SIERRA DAZA, S. E. C., KOP, A., WILLEMSE, L. P. M., PITOPANG, R. & GRADSTEIN, S. R. 2002. Checklist of woody plants of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Blumea, Suppl. 14. Pp. 160. KIEW, R. 1998. Name changes for Malesian species of Chionanthus (Oleaceae). Blumea. 43: 471‒477. KIEW, R. 2002. Oleaceae. Tree Flora of Sabah & Sarawak. 4: 129‒168; 347‒351. KOORDERS, S. H. 1898. Oleaceae. Meded. Lands Plantentuin. 19: 526‒527, 637‒638. KOSTERMANS, A. J. G. H. 1965. Notes on the vegetation of W Sumbawa (Indonesia). In: KOSTERMANS, A. J. G. H. & FOSBERG, F. R. Symposium on Ecological Research in Humid Tropics Vegetation. UNESCO Science Coperation Office for SE Asia, Jakarta. Pp. 15‒22. LINGELSHEIM, A. V. 1927. Beiträge zur Flora von Papuasien. 111. Die Oleaceaeen Papuasiens. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 1‒22. VAN BALGOOY, M. M. J. & TANTRA, I. G. M. 1986. The Vegetation in two areas in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Forest Research Bulletin – Special Edition. Forest R&D Centre, Bogor. Pp. 45‒56. WIRIADINATA, H., GIRMANSYAH, D., HUNTER, J. M., HOOVER, W. S. & KARTAWINATA, K. 2013. Floristic study of West Sumbawa, Indonesia. Reinwardtia. 13: 391-404. INSTRUCTION TO AUTHORS Scope. R einwardtia is a scientific ir r egular jour nal on plant taxonomy, plant ecology and ethnobotany published in December. Manuscript intended for a publication should be written in English. Titles. Titles should be br ief, infor mative and followed by author ’s name and mailing address in one- paragraphed. Abstract. English abstr act followed by Indonesian abstr act of not mor e than 250 wor ds. Keywor ds should be given below each abstract. Manuscript. Manuscr ipt is or iginal paper and r epr esent an ar ticle which has not been published in any other journal or proceedings. The manuscript of no more than 36 pages by using Times New Roman 11, MS Word for Windows of A4 with double spacing, submitted to the editor through . New paragraph should be indented in by 5 characters. For the style of presentation, authors should follow the latest issue of Reinwardtia very closely. Author(s) should send the preferred running title of the article submitted. 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The illustration should be saved in JPG or GIF format at least 350 pixels. Legends or illustration must be submitted separately at the end of the manuscript. References. Bibliogr aphy, list of liter atur e cited or r efer ences follow the Har var d system as the following examples. Journal : KRAENZLIN, F. 1913. Cyrtandraceae novae Philippinenses I. Philipp. J. Sci. 8: 163–179. MAYER, V., MOLLER, M., PERRET, M. & WEBER, A. 2003. Phylogenetic position and generic differentiation of Epithemateae (Gesneriaceae) inferred from plastid DNA sequence data. American J. Bot. 90: 321–329. Proceedings :TEMU, S. T. 1995. Peranan tumbuhan dan ternak dalam upacara adat “Djoka Dju” pada suku Lio, Ende, Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur. In: NASUTION, E. (Ed.). Prosiding Seminar dan Lokakarya Nasional Etnobotani II. LIPI & Perpustakaan Nasional: 263–268. (In Indonesian). SIMBOLON, H. & MIRMANTO, E. 2000. Checklist of plant species in the peat swamp forests of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: IWAKUMA, T. et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the International Symposium on: Tropical Peatlands. Pp.179-190. Book : RIDLEY, H. N. 1923. Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2. L. Reeve & Co. Ltd, London. Part of Book : BENTHAM, G. 1876. Gesneriaceae. In: BENTHAM, G. & HOOKER, J. D. Genera plantarum 2. Lovell Reeve & Co., London. Pp. 990–1025. Thesis : BAIRD, L. 2002. A Grammar of Kéo: An Austronesian language of East Nusantara. Australian National University, Canberra. [PhD. Thesis]. Website : http://www.nationaalherbarium.nl/fmcollectors/k/KostermansAJGH.htm). Accessed 15 February 2012. 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