REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010 RE IN W AR DT IA 13 (2) A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY, PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY ISSN 0034 – 365 X REINWARDTIA A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY Vol. 13(2): 95 — 220, November 2, 2010 Chief Editor KARTINI KRAMADIBRATA Editors DEDY DARNAEDI TUKIRIN PARTOMIHARDJO JOENI SETIJO RAHAJOE TEGUH TRIONO MARLINA ARDIYANI EIZI SUZUKI JUN WEN Managing editors ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA HIMMAH RUSTIAMI Secretary ENDANG TRI UTAMI Lay out DEDEN SUMIRAT HIDAYAT Ilustrators SUBARI WAHYU SANTOSO ANNE KUSUMAWATY Reviewers R. ABDULHADI, SANDY ATKINS, JULIE F. BARCELONA, TODD J. BARKMAN, NICO CELLINESE, MARK COODE, GUDRUN KADEREIT, ROGIER DE KOCK, N. FUKUOKA, KUSWATA KARTAWINATA, ARY P. KEIM, P. J. A. KESSLER, A. LATIFF–MOHAMAD, M. A. RIFAI, RUGAYAH, H. SOEDJITO, T. SETYAWATI, D. G. STONE, WAYNE TAKEUCHI, BENITO C. TAN, J. F. VELDKAMP, P. VAN WELZEN, H. WIRIADINATA, RUI-LIANG ZHU. Correspondence on editorial matters and subscriptions for Reinwardtia should be addressed to: HERBARIUM BOGORIENSE, BOTANY DIVISION, RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY– LIPI, CIBINONG 16911, INDONESIA Email: reinwardtia@mail.lipi.go.id REINWARDTIA Vol 13, No 2, pp: 125 − 145 125 D. cinnamomea Blume, D. decipiens Blume, and D. ligulata Blume. Blume distinguished unranked groups of species with either 4 stamens (“Tetrandrae”) or with 8 stamens (“Octandrae”). The latter group was divided again into one for one species where all stamens are fertile [D. pallida (Jack) Blume] and one for one with 4 fertile sta- mens and 4 staminodes (D. cinnamomea). The rest group he tentatively referred to sect. Diplectriae Blume which is here regarded as a distinct genus, Diplectria (Blume) Rchb. Cogniaux (1891) had a similar division with the species with 8 stamens in sect. Diplostemones Cogn. and those with 4 in sect. Isostemones Cogn. The lectotype of Dissochaeta is D. vacillans, designated in this paper, yet the sec- tional name Diplostemones to which it belongs does INTRODUCTION Dissochaeta Blume (1831; Melastomataceae) was based on 15 species of which some had origi- nally been described under Melastoma L. The name Dissochaeta refers to the two filiform appendages at the base of the anthers (Backer, 1936). Thirteen of these species are from Java: D. cyanocarpa (Blume) Blume [now a synonym of Diplectria divaricata (Willd.) Kuntze; Veldkamp et al., 1978], D. fallax (Jack) Blume, D. fusca Blume, D. gracilis (Jack) Blume, D. inappendiculata Blume, D. intermedia Blume, D. leprosa (Blume) Blume, D. monticola Blume, D. reticulata Blume, D. sagittata Blume, D. vacillans (Blume) Blume, and D. velutina Blume. In 1849 he added 5 more of which 3 came from Java: REVISION OF DISSOCHAETA (MELASTOMATACEAE) IN JAVA, INDONESIA Received April 1, 2010; accepted May 4, 2010 ABDULROKHMAN KARTONEGORO Herbarium Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology–LIPI, Jl. Raya Jakarta–Bogor Km.46, Cibinong 16911, Indone- sia. E–mail: mykwini@gmail.com. JAN FRITS VELDKAMP Netherlands Centre of Biodiversity Naturalis (section National Herbarium of the Netherlands, NHN), Leiden Univer- sity, PO Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands. E–mail:veldkamp@nhn.leidenuniv.nl. ABSTRACT KARTONEGORO, A. & VELDKAMP, J.F. 2010. A revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae) in Java. Reinwardtia 13(2): 125–145. ⎯ There are 12 species of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae) in Java, Indonesia: D. bakhuizenii, D. brac- teata, D. decipiens, D. fallax, D. gracilis, D. inappendiculata, D. intermedia, D. leprosa, D. monticola, D. reticulata, D. sagittata and D. vacillans. Diplectria and Macrolenes are regarded as separate genera and species traditionally classi- fied within the latter have not been included. Dissochaeta leprosa, D. reticulata, and D. sagittata are reinstated as spe- cies. Dissochaeta gracilis is the most common species of Dissochaeta and D. bracteata is the rarest one. There are no endemics for the island. Each taxon is provided with literature references, synonymy, morphological descriptions, dis- tribution, ecological habitat, collector’s notes, and notes. An identification key and a list of collections seen are in- cluded. Key words: alternipetalous; Dissochaeta; Java; Melastomataceae; oppositipetalous. ABSTRAK KARTONEGORO, A. & VELDKAMP, J.F. 2010. Revisi Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae) di Jawa. Reinwardtia 13(2): 125–145. ⎯ Terdapat 12 jenis Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae) di Jawa, Indonesia: D. bakhuizenii, D. bracteata, D. decipiens, D. fallax, D. gracilis, D. inappendiculata, D. intermedia, D. leprosa, D. monticola, D. reticulata, D. sagittata dan D. vacillans. Diplectria dan Macrolenes ditetapkan sebagai marga yang terpisah dan jenis–jenis yang sebelumnya diklasifikasikan di dalamnya tidak disertakan. Dissochaeta leprosa, D. reticulata, dan D. sagittata ditempatkan kembali dalam status jenis. Dissochaeta gracilis adalah jenis yang paling umum dan D. bracteata adalah jenis yang jarang. Ti- dak ada jenis yang endemik untuk pulau ini. Setiap takson ditampilkan dengan referensi literatur, sinonim, deskripsi morfologi, distribusi, habitat ekologi, catatan kolektor dan catatan. Kunci identifikasi dan daftar koleksi yang dilihat juga disertakan. Kata Kunci: alternipetalous; Dissochaeta; Jawa; Melastomataceae; oppositipetalous. REINWARDTIA 126 [VOL.13 stamens are fertile and the alternipetalous ones are staminodial and very different in shape. These mor- phological differences caused us to retain Dis- sochaeta as distinct from Diplectria and Macrole- nes. This revision was based on morphological char- acters on specimens seen in BO, CHTJ, and some on loan from L. Some type specimens were seen from photo images available from websites pro- vided by L, NY, and U (now in L). Recently, a revi- sion of the genus for Malesia/Indonesia has begun in BO, starting with the species of Java. GENERAL MORPHOLOGY OF DIS- SOCHAETA IN JAVA Habit Dissochaeta species (just as those of Diplectria and Macrolenes) are woody root–climbers. As the inflorescences are terminal, the ultimate branching mode is sympodial. The branchlets are usually terete or angular, but rarely flattened. They have a variable indument, hairs may be absent (D. gracilis), or, when present, simple, or stellate. Many parts may also be bristly or scaly. Almost all species have swollen nodes and interpetiolar lines, ridges, or crests, which are often annular as in Dissochaeta reticulata. Leaves The petiole is usually well–developed, always terete, dorsally grooved, and with the same indu- ment as the branchlets. From the leaf base arise 1 to 3 pairs of lateral veins and the venation is acrodro- mal. The shape of the blades is quite variable, usu- ally they are ovate to lanceolate, with a rounded or sometimes cordate base (as in D. fallax, D. interme- dia, and D. leprosa), entire margins, and an acute to acuminate tip. The upper sides are always glabrous at maturity, the lower sides are glabrous (D. gracilis) or densely tomentose (D. leprosa). Inflorescences The inflorescences are terminal and axillary, thus forming sometimes large thyrses, very commonly with up to 5 ramifications. The ultimate branching is cymose and thus the central flowers always have longer pedicels and are larger than the lateral ones. Bracts are present at each node of the inflorescences and there is a pair of bracteoles at the base of each pedicel. Both are usually inconspicuous and (early) caducous. The axes of the inflorescences and in- fructescences are usually quadrangular with an in- not become invalid, as lectotypification is not retro- active. In his revision of the Melastomataceae, Bak- huizen van den Brink f. (1943; 1965) recognized 7 woody genera of climbers: Backeria Bakh. f., Creo- chiton Blume, Dalenia Korth., Diplectria (Blume) Rchb., Dissochaeta Blume, Macrolenes Naudin (formerly known as Marumia Blume, 1831, non Reinw., 1825), Neodissochaeta Bakh. f., and Om- phalopus Naudin. Veldkamp (1978) put Backeria in the synonymy of Diplectria and Neodissochaeta in that of Dissochaeta Maxwell (1981, 1984) regarded Omphalopus and Dalenia as synonyms of Dis- sochaeta. According to a molecular study, Dissochaeta (including the allied genera Macrolenes and Diplec- tria) was strongly supported as a monophyletic group (Clausing & Renner, 2001). Those three gen- era have the character of a scrambling habit as a synapomorphy. Consequently, Renner et al. (2001) united them into Dissochaeta. The generic bounda- ries among the three are problematic due to interme- diary species and doubtful homology assessments. Their placing in one clade can still be considered as a matter of sister lineages. The development of the calyx and the development of the stamens are there considered to be of infra–generic value. This is of course a taxonomic decision and depends on a per- sonal evaluation. Creochiton that also has a scram- bling habit was retained as a distinct genus. To- gether with shrub genus Pseudodissochaeta M.P. Nayar all can be placed in the subtribe Dissochaet- inae Naudin (Clausing & Renner, 2001). As said, the species of Dissochaeta species are climbers or scramblers. They are usually found at the edges of primary or secondary forests. They are pioneers in the Chablis, gaps, and openings after shifting cultivation, fires, or logging, etc. In this, they are similar to the allied genera Diplectria and Macrolenes. Java has two main types of forest. In the West, it is the wet rain forest that gradually passes into a drier condition in the East. The genus occurs especially in the West from Mount Pulosari in Banten to Mount Slamet in Banyumas, Central Java, Dissochaeta fallax and D. leprosa have been found in some places in East Java. In Java, Dissochaeta is easily distinguished from Diplectria and Macrolenes by floral characters. The calyx has hardly any lobes and there are 4 or 8 sta- mens, where the alternipetalous ones are fertile and larger and the oppositipetalous smaller, sometimes reduced or staminodial. Macrolenes has well– developed calyx lobes, the 4 or 8 stamens are fer- tile, while there are no staminodes. The alternipeta- lous stamens have 2 or more, and then dense fili- form appendages. In Diplectria the oppositipetalous 2010] 127 KARTONEGORO & VELDKAMP. Revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae) in Java, Indonesia dument similar to those of the branchlets. Dis- sochaeta gracilis has glabrous branchlets and axes. Flowers The calyx tube, or rather the hypanthium, is campanulate, urceolate, or tubular. Often there are 4 or 8 vertical ridges, at least when dry. The indument is variable, ranging from absent, with scattered hairs, or nearly densely tomentose. In a few species it is bristly. Its rim is either truncate, as in D. reticu- lata, or has distinct rounded and triangular lobes as in D. leprosa. Dissochaeta intermedia and D. lep- rosa appear to be distinct by the shape and size of the hypanthium while in the other characters they are very similar. The slender hypanthium has a trun- cate rim in D. intermedia while it is robust with a triangular rim in D. leprosa. The petals usually form a conical bud, or it is rounded with tubular or angular sides. Petals with acuminate tips in bud are uncommon, e.g. in D. re- ticulata. The base of the petals is thin, conspicuous, symmetric, glabrous, and colourful. However, the colour of the petals appears to be variable and is of no use as a diagnostic character. Some petals have appressed hairs at the base or minute ones at the margin. The characters of the stamens are generally con- sidered to be of great taxonomic importance for the Melastomataceae. Here there are normally two, di- morphic staminal whorls, an outer, alternipetalous whorl and an inner, oppositipetalous one (Maxwell, 1981). Alternipetalous are stamens that alternate with the attachment of the petals and oppositipeta- lous are those that are opposite to the attachment of the petals. The alternipetalous stamens are usually larger and always fertile, while the oppositipetalous ones are smaller, reduced, staminodial or absent. The anthers in both types are ovate to linear, gla- brous, rarely tessellate, beaked or not, with a single opening pore, rarely with 2. Staminodes are less than 1/3 as long as the alternipetalous stamens and (of course) lack pollen. The filament is attached at the base, dorsal or at the middle of the anther. The connective usually has one dorsal appendage (known as a crest or basal crest) and two lateral ones. The crests are membranous, triangular, ob- long, or ligular. The lateral appendages are solitary or paired, filiform to ribbon–like, sometimes they are divided at the apex. The staminodes have a curved filament and an erect spuriform crest. The differences in staminal characters are useful at the specific level. On the basis of vegetative characters, D. bakhuizenii Veldk. and D. vacillans are not eas- ily distinguished, but in their staminal characters they are quite distinct: Dissochaeta bakhuizenii dif- fers from D. vacillans by the unappendaged crest of all stamens. In Dissochaeta reticulata the stamens have crests without appendages, while the oppositi- petalous ones have ligular and erect crests. Dis- sochaeta fallax has anthers very different from the other species. The surface is tesselate while in the others it is smooth. The filament is attached in the middle, not at the base. Therefore, it has been re- garded as a distinct genus, Omphalopus, or as a monotypic section, Omphalopus (Naudin) Baill. The ovary is from half to nearly 2/3 times as long as the hypanthium. The apex is usually gla- brous, but sometimes densely pubescent. It is con- crescent with the hypanthium with or without septs. These septs form a chamber or pocket in which the anther is inserted in bud. Bakhuizen van den Brink f. called this an extra–ovarial chamber. The number and depth of these extra–ovarial chambers depends on the number and size of the fertile stamens. Usu- ally there are 4 or 8, which vary from shallow to reaching to the base of the ovary. Fruits The fruits are berry–like, globose or ovoid, col- ourful when mature, sometimes with four prominent calyx remnants. They are usually glabrous, but sometimes they are furfuraceous. In some species there are distinct vertical ridges. Dissochaeta inap- pendiculata and D. vacillans are hard to distinguish when sterile and have similar fruits, so one must have flowers to distinguish them. DISTRIBUTION Dissochaeta (excluding Diplectria and Macrole- nes) have about 31 species throughout Malesia. Some species are also found in Peninsular Thailand and Indochina (Maxwell, 1984). From all regions Borneo is the richest in species number and Java shares about 30%. According to our revision, Java has 12 species in common. Sumatra is the most similar region because all Javanese species are found there as well. Three species, D. bakhuizenii, D. decipiens and D. leprosa have only been found in these islands. The similar climatic conditions in Java (especially in the western part) and Sumatra most likely are the cause. Wet rain forest and sev- eral volcanic mountains are very common in both. No species are endemic to Java. Some species occur at high elevation at the lower mountain slopes. The main distribution is from Mount Pulosari in Banten, West Java, to Mount Slamet in Banyumas, Central Java. Dissochaeta intermedia and D. leprosa have been found between 1100 and 2000 m. REINWARDTIA 128 [VOL.13 tose, mostly inconspicuous and early caducous. Flowers 4–merous. Hypanthium campanulate, ur- ceolate or tubular, glabrous to densely tomentose, with 4 or 8 vertical ridges; calyx rim truncate or with distinct rounded or triangular lobes, glabrous or with scattered hairs to nearly densely tomentose; corolla in bud conical or rounded, tubular or angu- lar, tip acute or acuminate; petals at base thin, asymmetric, glabrous, sometimes with appressed hairs at base or margins puberulous. Stamens 4 or 8, alternipetalous and oppositipetalous; filaments curved; anthers usually basifixed, sometimes dorsi- fixed or medifixed, dimorphic, the alternipetalous ones larger and fertile, the oppositipetalous ones smaller, staminodial or reduced to absent, ovate to linear, glabrous, rarely tessellate, beaked or not, distally with a single pore, rarely with 2; crests tri- angular, sagittate, membranous, oblong or ligular; lateral appendages single or paired, filiform to rib- bon–like, apex sometimes divided; staminodes less than 1/3 as long as the alternipetalous anthers, with an erect crest, spuriform. Ovary half to 2/3 or nearly as long as the hypanthium, apex glabrous to densely pubescent, 4–locular; concrescent with the hypan- thium, without or with 4 or 8 longitudinal septs forming extra–ovarial chambers for the anthers, shallow to reaching to the base of the ovary. Fruits berry–like, globose or ovoid, colourful when ma- ture, sometimes with four prominent calyx rem- nants, glabrous to furfuraceous; some with distinct vertical ridges; stalk glabrous to tomentose; seeds cuneate. Distribution. Indo–China, Peninsular Thailand and Malesia: Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali), Borneo, Celebes, the Philippines, and New Guinea. KEY TO THE SPECIES IN JAVA 1. a. Stamens 4………………………………………….2 b. Stamens 8………………………………………….6 2. a. Anthers with smooth locules; filament basi- fixed……………………………………………….3 b. Anthers with tessellate locules; filament medi- fixed…………………...………………..4. D. fallax 3. a. Hypanthium slender, 1–4 mm long; calyx rim truncate, less than 1.5 mm long; anthers less than 5 mm long……………………………………4 b. Hypanthium robust, 4–10 mm long; calyx rim dis- tinctly triangular, 2–3 mm long; anthers more than 5 mm long……………………….……8. D. leprosa 4. a. Branchlet, underside leaf blade, and hypanthium densely stellate–furfuraceous or nearly tomentose. Anthers linear–lanceolate, extra–ovarial chambers deep, reaching the base of the ovary…………...…5 b. Branchlets, underside leaf blade, and hypanthium glabrous to sparsely stellate–puberulous. Anthers TAXONOMIC DESCRIPTION DISSOCHAETA Blume Dissochaeta Blume, Flora 14 (1831) 492 ≡ Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 6 (1831) 234; Mus. Bot. Lugd.–Bat 1, 3 (1849) 35; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1 (1855) 521; Cogn., in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 7 (1891) 554; Bakh. f., Meded. Mus. Bot. Utrecht 91 (1943) 218 ≡ Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 40 (1943) 218; in Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 1 (1965) 364; Veldk., Blumea 24 (1978) 438; J.F. Maxwell, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1981 ”1980”) 313. ― Dissochaeta sect. Dis- sochaetae Blume, Flora 14 (1831) 493 ≡ Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 6 (1831) 235, nom. inval. ― Dissochaeta sect. Eudis- sochaeta Blume ex Èndl., Gen. Pl. (1840) 1219, nom. inval. ― Dissochaeta sect. Diplostemones Cogn. in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 7 (1891) 555. ― Lectotype: D. vac- illans (Blume) Blume (designated here). Omphalopus Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III, 15 (1851) 277; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1 (1855) 531; Cogn., in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 7 (1891) 570; Bakh. f., Meded. Mus. Bot. Utrecht 91 (1943) 117 ≡ Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 40 (1943) 117; in Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 1 (1965) 363. ― Dissochaeta sect. Omphalopus (Naudin) Baill., Hist. Pl. 7 (1880) 51. ― Lectotype: Omphalopus fallax (Jack) Naudin [= Dissochaeta fallax (Jack) Blume] (designated by Bakhuizen f. (1943: 118)). Dissochaeta sect. Anoplodissochaeta Baill., Hist. Pl. 7 (1880) 51. ― Type: D. inappendiculata Blume. Dissochaeta sect. Dissochaetopsis Cogn. in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 7 (1891) 563. ― Type: D. schumannii Cogn. Dissochaeta sect. Isostemones Cogn. in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 7 (1891) 561. ― Lectotype: D. monticola Blume (designated here). Neodissochaeta Bakh. f., Meded. Mus. Bot. Utrecht 91 (1943) 134 ≡ Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 40 (1943) 134; in Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 1 (1965) 365. ― Lectotype: Neodissochaeta gracilis (Jack) Bakh. f. [= Dissochaeta gracilis (Jack) Blume] (designated here). Melastoma auct. non Burm. ex L.: Jack, Trans. Linn. Soc. 14 (1823) 9; Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned.–Ind. 17 (1826) 1067 (p.p.). Habit woody sympodial climbers, creepers or scramblers, rarely epiphytic. Branchlets terete or angular, rarely flattened; glabrous to pubescent with stellate or simple hairs; bristly or scaly; sometimes with adventitious roots; nodes swollen with an interpetiolar line, sometimes ridged or crested, often annular. Petioles terete with a dorsal groove, indu- ment as of the branchlet. Leaf blades with acrodro- mal venation, ovate to lanceolate, base rounded or sometimes cordate, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate, upper side glabrous, under side glabrous to densely tomentose; venation arising from base with 1 to 3 pairs of lateral veins. Thyrses terminal and axillary many–flowered, with 2 to 5 ramifica- tions. Axis quadrangular, indument similar to that of the branchlets. Bracts and bracteoles distinct or minute, linear to ovate, glabrous to densely tomen- 2010] 129 KARTONEGORO & VELDKAMP. Revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae) in Java, Indonesia oblong or lanceolate, extra–ovarial chamber reach- ing a little beyond the middle of the ovary………………………….…....3. D. decipiens 5. a. Branchlets, underside leaf blade, and hypanthium densely brown stellate–tomentose. Hypanthium campanulate, angular. Anthers “S”–shaped when mature……………………………..7. D. intermedia b. Branchlets, underside leaf blade, and hypanthium densely brown stellate–furfuraceous. Hypanthium campanulate or urceolate, terete or rounded. An- thers sickle–shaped when mature……………… ……………………………………..9. D. monticola 6. a. Oppositipetalous stamens fertile…………….……7 b. Oppositipetalous stamens staminodial, distinctly different in size from the alternipetalous ones .…11 7. a. Bracteoles not covering the hypanthium, linear or minute, glabrous to densely stellate–furfuraceous. Stamens unequal or subequal……………………..8 b. Bracteoles covering the hypanthium, ovate, densely stellate–furfuraceous. All stamens equal in shape and size……………………...……..2. D. bracteata 8. a. Underside leaf blade and hypanthium densely furfuraceous or stellate–furfuraceous. Oppositi– petalous stamens with an erect ligular crest……....9 b. Underside leaf blade and hypanthium glabrous or sparsely furfuraceous. Oppositipetalous stamens with a triangular crest………………….………...10 9. a. Veins of the leaf blades reticulate. Oppositi– petalous stamens with an erect ligular, bifid or trifid crest, lateral appendages absent…..10. D. reticulata b. Veins of the leaf blades not reticulate. Opposi tipetalous stamens with a sagittate crest…………… ……………………………………..11. D. sagittata 10.a. Under side leaf blade shortly stellate–furfuraceous. Hypanthium tubular. Stamens subequal, without lateral appendages……..………....1. D. bakhuizenii b. Underside leaf blade glabrous or with sparsely stellate hairs. Hypanthium campanulate or ur– ceolate. Stamens unequal, all with 1 or 2 fili– form lateral append ages…....……..12. D. vacillans 11.a. Leaf blade distinctly thin (when dry). Indument absent. Alternipetalous stamens with two opening pores……………………………….…5. D. gracilis b. Leaf blade not distinctly thin (when dry). In dument absent or consisting of stellate hairs. Alternipeta- lous stamens with a single opening pores…...…… …………...………………….6. D. inappendiculata 1. DISSOCHAETA BAKHUIZENII Veldk. ― Fig. 1, 2a. Dissochaeta bakhuizenii Veldk., Blumea 24 (1978) 443. ― Type: Sumatra, West Coast, Tanang Taloe, Bün- nemeijer 1053 (L; iso BO). Branchlets terete, ca. 3 mm diameter, greyish or brown stellate–puberulous. Petioles stellate– furfuraceous 1.2–1.5 cm long. Leaves blades oblong –lanceolate, 7.5–10 by 3–4.5 cm; base rounded; apex acuminate, tip ca. 5 mm long; underside densely short stellate–furfuraceous; midrib with 1 or 2 lateral veins. Inflorescences terminal, up to 25 cm long; main axis stellate–furfuraceous; peduncle ca. 8.5 cm long; bracts minute; pedicels stellate– furfuraceous, 6–12 mm long. Hypanthium cam- panulate or tubular, sparsely stellate–puberulous or nearly glabrous, 2–5 by 1–3 mm diameter; calyx truncate with 4 undulate lobes, widened, glabrous, 1 mm long; petal bud conical, ca. 5 mm long; petals ovate, glabrous, pale pink to violet ca. 4 by 7 mm. Stamens 8, equal or subequal, alternipetalous and oppositipetalous, all fertile; filaments flat, 3–3.5 mm long; anthers lanceolate, 3–4 mm long; crests triangular, 1 mm long, acute; lateral appendages absent. Ovary half the length of the hypanthium, apex puberulous; extra–ovarial chambers 8, reach- ing to the middle of the ovary. Style glabrous, 10– 12 mm long. Berry ovoid or subglobose, glabrous, violet, 4–5 by 3–4 mm; stalks 4–9 mm long. Distribution. Sumatra (North Sumatra, West Suma- tra, Simeleu), Java (Banten, West Java). Habitat and ecology. Secondary forest or near cra- ter in open forest, 800–1300 m alt. Collector’s notes. Climber. Flower pink. Stamens 8 (De Voogd and Bloembergen s.n. BO.1747916; L.908.129–228). Notes. Dissochaeta bakhuizenii is very similar to D. vacillans but is different by the absence of lateral appendages in both the alternipetalous and oppositi- petalous stamens, the unappendaged crests, and the short stellate–furfuraceous underside of the leaf blades. The species is common in Sumatra, in Java it is known only from a few collections, which are a good match for the type specimen (Bünnemeijer 1053). Specimens examined. BANTEN. Citorek & Muncang: Backer 1839 (BO). WEST JAVA. Mt. Salak: Hoover & Girmansyah 31909 (BO), Wiriadinata & Hoover 31204 (BO), De Voogd & Bloembergen s.n. (BO.1747916; L.908.129–228) (BO, L): Leuwiliang: Backer 25705 (BO); Mt. Sembung: Backer 12256 (BO.1428173) (BO). No specific location: Anon.. s.n. (L.908.129–1720) (L). 2. DISSOCHAETA BRACTEATA (Jack) Blume ― Fig.1, 2b. Dissochaeta bracteata (Jack) Blume, Flora 14 (1831) 495 ≡ Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 6 (1831) 238; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1 (1855) 529; Cogn., in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 7 (1891) 558; Bakh. f., Meded. Mus. Bot. Utrecht 91 (1943) 225 ≡ Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 40 (1943) 225; in Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 1 (1965) 364; J.F. Maxwell, Gard. Bull. Sing. REINWARDTIA 130 [VOL.13 diameter, stellate–furfuraceous. Petioles stellate– furfuraceous, 5–10 mm long. Leaves blades ovate or oblong, chartaceous, 6–13 by 3–7 cm; base subcor- date; apex acuminate, tip 3–5 mm long; underside stellate–puberulous, young leaf densely stellate– furfuraceous; midrib with 2 lateral veins. Inflores- cences terminal, up to 15 cm long; main axis stellate –furfuraceous; peduncle 2–3 cm long; bracts ovate, stellate–furfuraceous, 10–12 by 5–6 mm; pedicels stellate–furfuraceous, 2–5 mm long; bracteoles ovate or ovate oblong, densely stellate– furfuraceous, covering the hypanthium, 5–9 by 2–4 mm. Hypanthium campanulate or nearly tubular, rarely suburceolate, densely stellate–furfuraceous, 3 –8 by 2–4 mm diameter; calyx truncate with rounded or triangular lobes, stellate–furfuraceous, 1 –1.5 mm long; petal bud conical or subrotund, 1–4 mm long; petals ovate, glabrous or with appressed hair at base inside, ca. 10 by 5 mm. Stamens 8, equal or subequal, alternipetalous and oppositipeta- 33 (1981 ”1980”) 313. ― Melastoma bracteata Jack, Trans. Linn. Soc. 14 (1823) 9 (“bracteatum”). ― Dis- sochaeta bracteolata Blume ex J.G. Watson, Mal. For. Rec. 5 (1928) 183 (sphalm.). ― Neotype: Malay Penin- sula, Penang, Wallich Cat. 4044 (K, n.v., IDC microfiche 1084/1, proposed by Maxwell (in sched.), designated here). Dissochaeta bracteata Korth. in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot. (1844) 237, tab. 55, non Blume (1831). ― Dissochaeta korthalsii Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1, 1 (1855) 528. ― Type: Sumatra, Doekoe, Korthals s.n. (L 908.129–662; iso L 908.129–1678, – 1688). Dissochaeta bracteosa Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III, 15 (1851) 76; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1 (1855) 528. ― Type: Malay Peninsula, Penang, Gaudichaud 97 (P, n.v.). Anplectrum viminale auct. non Blume: Blume, Flora 14 (1831) 495, p.p. ≡ Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 6 (1831) 238, p.p. ― Vouchers: Java, Herb. Blume s.n. (L 908.129–1531), Borneo, Korthals s.n. (L 908.129–8, –28). Branchlets terete or subquadrangular, 3–5 mm Fig. 1. Distribution map of D. bakhuizenii (●) and D. bracteata (□) in Java. Fig. 2. Flower bud and alternipetalous stamen in bud, a. D. bakhuizenii (Wiriadinata & Hoover 31204). b. D. bracteata (Backer 4139). b a 3 mm 4 mm 4 mm 3 mm 2010] 131 KARTONEGORO & VELDKAMP. Revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae) in Java, Indonesia lous, all fertile; filaments flat, basifixed 6–8 mm long; anthers linear or lanceolate, when mature S– shaped, ca. 15 mm long, straight in bud, ca. 8 mm long; crests triangular 1 mm long; lateral append- ages two, filiform, 3–5 mm long, sometimes divided at the apex. Ovary half as long as the hypanthium, apex pubescent; extra–ovarial chambers 8, deep, reaching between the middle and the base of the ovary. Style glabrous or subglabrescent, swollen at the apex, 6–10 mm long. Berry elliptic, stellate– furfuraceous, 6–10 by 3–5 mm; stalks glabrescent or stellate–furfuraceous, 5–7 mm long. Distribution. Malay Peninsula (Malacca, Penang, Perak, Selangor), Sumatra (West and North), Java (West, very rare, not seen for nearly a century), Borneo (Kalimantan, Sabah, Sarawak), Philippines (Panay). Habitat and ecology. Secondary forest, ca. 600 m alt. Notes. Dissochaeta bracteata has distinct ovate bracteoles which cover the hypanthium when in bud. The alternipetalous stamens are nearly similar in shape with those of D. leprosa but differ by hav- ing fertile oppositipetalous ones. This species is very rare in Java and known from only a few speci- mens. In L there is only one collection by Blume, identified as Aplectrum viminale by him. It probably is a mislabelled Korthals collection from Borneo. This is the only species in Java of section Dis- sochaeta. Specimens examined. WEST JAVA. Bolang: Backer 4139 (BO). No specific location: Blume s.n. (L . 908.129 –1531,–8,–18) (L, vouchers for Aplectrum viminale sensu Blume, non Jack). 3. DISSOCHAETA DECIPIENS Blume ― Fig. 3, 4a. Dissochaeta decipiens Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.–Bat 1, 3 (1849) 36; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1 (1855) 529; Bakh. f., Meded. Mus. Bot. Utrecht 91 (1943) 222 ≡ Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 40 (1943) 222; In Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 1 (1965) 364. ― Type: Java, Kuhl & Van Hasselt s.n. (L 908.129–218; iso L 908.129–258). Branchlets terete 3–6 mm diameter, glabrous or sparsely stellate–furfuraceous. Petioles stellate– furfuraceous, 0.5–2 cm long. Leaves blades ovate or ovate–oblong, 6–15 by 3–6 cm; base rounded; apex acuminate, tip 1–2 cm long; underside glabrous or sparsely stellate–puberulous; midrib with 1 lateral vein. Inflorescences terminal and from the upper leaf axils, up to 22 cm long; main axis sparsely stel- late–furfuraceous; peduncle up to 7 cm long; bracts minute; pedicels sparsely stellate–furfuraceous, 2–5 mm long; bracteoles linear, sparsely stellate– furfuraceous, 3–4 mm long. Hypanthium campanu- late or rarely urceolate, glabrescent or stellate– furfuraceous, 2–4 by 1–3 mm; calyx truncate with 4 undulate subtriangular lobes, glabrous, 0.5–1 mm long; petal bud conical 1–5 mm long; petals elliptic to oblong, glabrous, white, pink or red, 4–5 by 2.5– 3.5 mm. Stamens 4, equal, alternipetalous, all fer- tile, curved when mature; filaments flat, basifixed 2 –4 mm long; anthers oblong or lanceolate, 3–5 mm long; crests triangular 0.5–1 mm long; lateral ap- pendages two, filiform or ribbon–like, sometimes unequal in length, 1–3 mm long. Ovary half or 2/3 times as long as the hypanthium, apex puberulous; extra–ovarial chambers 4, reaching beyond the apex and middle of the ovary. Style glabrous, swollen at apex, 4–8 mm long. Berry globose, glabrous to stel- late–puberulous, 2–5 by 2.5–4 mm; stalks 4–7 mm long. Distribution. Sumatra (West), Java (Banten, West Java, Central Java). Habitat and ecology. Secondary forest at 600– 1200 m alt. Notes. When sterile D. decipiens is very similar to D. vacillans. It is distinct by having only 4 stamens. The shape of the alternipetalous stamens is also similar by their triangular to hastate crests and the two filiform lateral appendages. Maxwell (1983) put D. decipiens under synonymy of D. monticola because of the similarity in shape and the number of stamens (4 alternipetalous) but We agree with Bak- huizen van den Brink f. (1943) that this is a differ- ent species with a glabrous leaf and hypanthium while in D. monticola it is brown stellate– furfuraceous on the underside of the leaf and on the hypanthium. Dissochaeta decipiens is mainly found in Java since only a single collection one from Mt. Kerinci in Sumatra was made by Korthals (Bakhuizen van den Brink f., 1943). Specimens examined. BANTEN. Citorek & Muncang: Backer 1835 (BO); Mt. Karang: Backer 7470 (BO). WEST JAVA. Leuwiliang: Bakhuizen f. 3336 (BO, L, U); Mt. Pangrango: Kartonegoro 318 (BO); Mt. Halimun: Backer 10914 (BO). CENTRAL JAVA. Josorejo: Backer 16219 (BO). No specific location: De Vriese 77 (L); De Vriese 95 (L); Kuhl & Van Hasselt s.n. (L.908.129–218,–258) (L, type). REINWARDTIA 132 [VOL.13 voguineensis Mansf. in Engl., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60 (1926) 113 ― Type: New Guinea, Kaiser Wilhelmsland, Kani–Gebirges, Schlechter 15159 (B; lost; iso NY, photo). Branchlets terete or subquadrangular, 3–6 mm diameter, puberulous to brown stellate– furfuraceous. Petioles puberulous to densely stellate –furfuraceous, 8–23 mm long. Leaves blades ovate, ovate–oblong, or oblong–lanceolate, 6–15.5 by 3–9 cm; base subcordate, rarely rounded; apex acumi- nate, tip 0.5–1 cm long; underside densely brown stellate–furfuraceous; midrib with 2 lateral veins. Inflorescences terminal and from the upper leaf axils, up to 35 cm long; main axis densely stellate– furfuraceous; peduncle up to 8 cm long; bracts min- ute; pedicels densely stellate–furfuraceous (1–)3–5 mm long; bracteoles linear, stellate–furfuraceous, 2 mm long. Hypanthium campanulate or usually sub- urceolate, slender, terete or angular, densely stellate –furfuraceous, 1–6 by 1–3 mm diameter; calyx trun- cate with rounded or triangular lobes, 0.5–1(–2.5) mm long, glabrous or with stellate hairs; petals in bud rounded or subconical, with an acuminate tip, 4. DISSOCHAETA FALLAX (Jack) Blume ― Fig. 4b, 5. Dissochaeta fallax (Jack) Blume, Flora 14 (1831) 493 ≡ Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 6 (1831) 236. ― Melastoma fal- lax Jack, Trans. Linn. Soc., London 14 (1823) 13; Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned.–Ind. 17 (1826) 1068. ― Ompha- lopus fallax (Jack) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III, 15 (1851) 277; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1 (1855) 531; Cogn., in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 7 (1891) 570; Bakh. f., Meded. Mus. Bot. Utrecht 91 (1943) 118 ≡ Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 40 (1943) 118; in Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 1 (1965) 363; J.F. Maxwell, Gard. Bull. Sing. 33 (1981 ”1980”) 314. ― Neotype: Sumatra, Bencoolen, Ajer Angat, G. Kaba, Forbes 2882–a (L, designated here). Melastoma reinwardtianum Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned.– Ind. 17 (1826) 1069. ― Dissochaeta reinwardtiana (Blume) Hochr., Candollea 2 (1925) 472. ― Type: Java, West. Kuhl & Van Hasselt s.n. (lectotype L 908.132– 336; iso L 908.132–335, –337, designated by Bakhuizen f. (1943: 119)). Dissochaeta diepenhorstii Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. Suppl. 1, Sumatra (1860) 121 ― Type: Sumatra, West Coast, Priaman, Diepenhorst HB 1323 (U; iso BO). Omphalopus fallax (Jack) Naudin var. no- Fig. 3. Distribution map of D. decipiens in Java. Fig. 4. Flower bud and alternipetalous stamen in bud. a. D. decipiens (Kartonegoro 318). b. D. fallax (Koorders 40738). 4 mm a b 4 mm 3 mm 3 mm 2010] 133 KARTONEGORO & VELDKAMP. Revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae) in Java, Indonesia subangular, 2–10 mm long; petals ovate, glabrous or inside with appressed hairs at the base, white, pink or red, 7–8 by 2–4 mm. Stamens 4, equal, all alternipetalous and fertile; filaments flat, medifixed, 2–4 mm long; anthers ovate or lanceolate, tesselate or reticulate, when mature falcate or rarely straight, beaked, yellow, 3–6 mm long; crests triangular or orbicular attached to the attachment of filament 1–3 mm long; lateral appendages absent. Ovary half or 2/3 times as long as the hypanthium, concrescent with or without septs, apex pubescent; extra–ovarial chambers absent or shallow. Style glabrous, 7–15 mm long. Berry globose, with 8 ridges, glabrous or stellate–puberulous, violet when mature, 4–8(–12) by 4–5(–7) mm, calyx remnant 1–2 mm long; stalks with or without stellate furfuraceous hairs, 4–7 mm long. Distribution. Thailand (Peninsular), Malay Penin- sula (twice found: Negeri Sembilan, Selangor), Su- matra (North Sumatra, West Sumatra, Bengkulu, Lampung), Java (Banten, West Java, East Java), Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali), Moluccas (Ambon), New Guinea (Papua New Guinea). Habitat and ecology. Primary or secondary forest, rarely near a crater or at the edge of a forest, 400– 1350 m alt. Local name. Harendong, Harendong areuy, Haren- dong beureum, Harendong oyot (Sunda). Notes. Dissochaeta fallax is easily distinguished by the densely brown stellate–furfuraceous indument of the branchlets, underside of the leaf blades, and hypanthium; the 4 alternipetalous stamens with tes- sellate–reticulate locules; and medifixed filament. The hypanthium is suburceolate, slender and smaller than the petals in bud which is usually rounded. This species is common from Peninsular Thai- land (but only once found in Nakhon si Thammarat) to West Malesia, but occurs disjunct also in New Guinea. In Java this species is found all over the island. There are no reports that it is found in Bor- neo, Sulawesi or the Moluccas. Dissochaeta fallax is so different from the other species, that it has long been regarded to represent a distinct genus, Omphalopus, until Maxwell (1981) regarded it as a section of Dissochaeta. Specimens examined. BANTEN. Bayah & Sangkop: Backer 1722 (BO); Pasir Orai: Forbes 460 (BO); Mt. Karang: Koorders 40738 (BO). WEST JAVA. Mt. Paniisan: Van Steenis 2300 (BO, L); Mt. Beser: Van Steenis 11782 (BO); Mt. Menapa: Van Steenis 17373 (BO, L); Bolang: Docters Van Leeuwen 7904 (BO, L); Leuwiliang: Backer 26007 (BO), Backer 25698 (BO), Dakkus 169 (BO); Jasinga: Backer 10358 (BO); Cibeber: Backer 10571 (BO); Mt. Salak: Backer 2479 (BO), Backer 4206 (BO), Anon. 24 (BO, L), Koorders 24270 (BO, L,); Mt. Sunarari: Backer 6379 (BO); Mt. Kendeng: Backer 25893 (BO); Pasir Walang: Backer 8726 (BO); Mt. Halimun: Uchida 90 (BO); Cibadak: Bakhuizen 195 (BO), Bakhuizen 1474 (BO); Marinjung: Koorders 34613 (BO); Cibeber: Winckel 710 (BO), Winckel 959 (BO), Bakhuizen 1631 (BO), Bakhuizen 3548 (BO), Bakhuizen 1495 (BO), Bakhuizen 872 (BO), Bakhuizen 2049 (BO), Bakhuizen 2769 (BO); Takokak: Koorders 33358 (BO); Leuwi Manggu: Hellendoorn 9 (BO); Karawang: De Monchy s.n. (BO); Pasir Ipis: Scheffer s.n. (BO); Mt. Galunggung: Backer 8619 (BO). CENTRAL JAVA. Mt. Slamet: Hoover et al. 36 (BO). EAST JAVA. Sumber Mujur: Adm. Ondern. Soember Moedjoer s.n. (BO, L, U), Ultée s.n. (BO). No specific location: Teijsmann 1860 (L); De Vriese 50 (L); Ploem s.n. (BO); Binnendijk HB359 (BO); Anon. s.n. (L 908.129.464) (L, p.p.); Anon. s.n. (L 908.129.1667) (L); Anon. s.n. (L 908.129.1682) (L); Anon. s.n. (L.908.132.357) (L); Blume. s.n. (L.908.129.1679) (L); Blume s.n. (L 908.129.1702) (L); Blume s.n. (L 908.132.358) (L); Blume s.n. (L.908.132.348) (L); Junghuhn s.n. (L 908.132.355) (L); Kuhl & Van Hasselt s.n. (L 908.132–336, –335, –337) (L, type of Melastoma reinwardtianum Blume). Fig. 5. Distribution map of D. fallax in Java. REINWARDTIA 134 [VOL.13 petal bud conical, 2–3 mm long; petals ovate, ob- long or suborbicular, glabrous, veined, white to pale orange, ca. 2–3 by 2–3 mm. Stamens 8, unequal, heteromorphous; the alternipetalous ones larger, fertile; filaments flat, basifixed, 2–3 mm long; an- thers clavate, opening with two pores, ca. 2–3 mm long; crests membranous, thin, ca. 0.25–0.5 mm long; lateral appendages two, flat, wavy, filiform, ca. 2 mm long; the oppositipetalous ones smaller, staminodial or rudimentary; filament ca. 2 mm long; crests minute or spuriform, erect; anther curved, 1–1.5 mm long; lateral appendages two, filiform 1.5–2 mm long. Ovary half as long as the hypanthium, apex villous or glabrous; extra–ovarial chambers 4, reaching up to the middle of the ovary. Style glabrous, 4–6 mm long. Berry globose, gla- brous, 5–6 by 2–4 mm; stalks glabrescent or pu- berulous, 3–6 mm long. Distribution. Thailand (Peninsular), Malay Penin- sula (widespread), Sumatra, Java (West Java, Cen- tral Java), Borneo (Kalimantan, Sabah, Sarawak). Habitat and ecology. Primary or secondary forest at 100–1425 m alt. Local name. Harendong areuy (Sunda) Notes. This species can easily be distinguished by its thin and glabrous leaf blades and the 4 fertile alternipetalous stamens, which sometimes have 2 pores. It has the smallest hypanthium of all species and has distinct bracteoles. The extra–ovarial cham- bers are shallow due to the size of hypanthium and fertile stamens. This species is very common in West to East Java also at neighbouring islands in Malesia, with a high range in elevation. Specimens examined. BANTEN. Menes: Backer 7032 (BO); Mt. Pulasari: Backer 7054 (BO), Adelbert 459 (BO, L), Adelbert 478 (BO, L); Ujung Kulon: Wirawan 265 (BO, L); Bojong Manik: Koorders 40911 (BO), Koorders 40927 (BO); Gunung Kencana: Backer 1249 (BO); Bayah–Sangkop: Backer 1697 (BO). WEST 5. DISSOCHAETA GRACILIS (Jack) Blume ― Fig. 6, 7a. Dissochaeta gracilis (Jack) Blume, Flora 14 (1831) 498 ≡ Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 6 (1831) 239; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. I (1855) 526; Cogn., in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 7 (1891) 559. ― Melastoma gracilis Jack, Trans. Linn. Soc. 14 (1823) 14 (“gracile”). ― Neodissochaeta gracilis (Jack) Bakh. f., Meded. Mus. Bot. Utrecht 91 (1943) 137 ≡ Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 40 (1943) 137; in Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 1 (1965) 366. ― Neotype: Sumatra, Bencoelen, Boekit Daoen, De Voogd 591 (L; iso BO, designated here). Melastoma vacillans Blume var. pallens Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned.–Ind. 17 (1826) 1074. ― Lectotype: Java, Blume s.n. (L 908.129–692; iso BO, L 908.129–180, designated here). Neodissochaeta puberula Bakh. f., Meded. Mus. Bot. Utrecht 91 (1943) 139 ≡ Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 40 (1943) 139 ― Type: Borneo, Samarinda, Sungai Wain, Rutten 86 (U). Neodissochaeta compressa Bakh. f., Meded. Mus. Bot. Utrecht 91 (1943) 146 ≡ Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 40 (1943) 146 ― Type: Borneo, Batoe Babi, Hubert Winkler 2809 (L; iso BO; WRSL). Branchlets subterete or nearly quadrangular, 3 mm diameter, sparsely to densely furfuraceous. Petioles glabrous or sparsely stellate–furfuraceous, 7–15 mm long. Leaves blades ovate to lanceolate or oblong, distinctly thin when dry, 8–17 by 3–8 cm; base rounded or subcordate; apex acuminate, tip 0.5 –1 cm long; underside glabrous or sparsely stellate– furfuraceous; midrib with 2 lateral veins. Inflores- cences terminal and from the upper leaf axils; main axis sparsely to densely furfuraceous; peduncle 8– 20 cm long; bracts linear or lanceolate, 3–6 mm long, thin, sparsely or densely stellate–pubescent; pedicels stellate–furfuraceous or glabrescent, 1–4 mm long; bracteoles linear, stellate–pubescent, 6–8 mm long. Hypanthium campanulate or suburceolate, glabrous or sparsely to densely stellate–furfura- ceous or furfuraceous, 2–3 by 2 mm diameter; calyx with 4 undulate lobes, widened, rarely with mi- nutely triangular lobes, glabrous, 0.5–0.7 mm long; Fig. 6. Distribution map of D. gracilis in Java. 2010] 135 KARTONEGORO & VELDKAMP. Revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae) in Java, Indonesia JAVA. Mt. Salak: Backer 31627 (BO), Backer 31628 (BO), Van Steenis 4002 (BO), Hoover & Wiriadinata 30486 (BO), Anon. 20 (BO, L), Kurz 1011 (BO), Ho- chreutiner 159 (L), Kuhl & Van Hasselt 48 (L); Pasir Karet: Backer 31626 (BO); Leuwiliang: Backer 25894 (BO), Backer 25714 (BO), Backer 4130 (BO), Backer 4031 (BO), Bakhuizen f. 3301 (BO), Bakhuizen 7641 (BO, L,U), Van Steenis 11756 (BO), Van Steenis 2712 (BO), den Berger s.n. (BO), Dakkus 193 (BO, L); Mt. Karang Gambungan: Backer 6314 (BO); Nanggung: Backer 10579 (BO); Cihanjawar: Backer 6027 (BO); Jasinga: Backer 10060 (BO); Ciampea: Koorders 30690 (BO); Cimandala: Bakhuizen 6048 (BO); Cisalak: Bak- huizen 2731 (BO, L); Masing: Bakhuizen f. 1305 (BO, L); Mt. Pancar: Docters Van Leeuwen 14130 (BO); Ci- maelang: Smith s.n. (BO); Nanggerang: Soegandiredja 82 (BO); Ciapus: Hallier 334 (BO), Hallier s.n. (BO); Cipaku: Hallier s.n. (BO); Ciomas: Boerlage 32 (L); Kampung Baru: Boerlage s.n. (L); Cisolok: Backer 774 (BO); Lengkong: Backer 17129 (BO), Kostermans 23846 (BO, L); Mt. Halimun: Backer 11160 (BO), Bakhuizen 3156 (BO, L), Arifiani et al. 74 (BO), Van Balgooy 5179 (BO, L), Van Balgooy & Wiriadinata 2921 (BO, L); Pe- labuhan Ratu: Koorders 34611 (BO); Mt.Pangrango: Kartonegoro 314 (BO); Cipetir: Burck & De Monchy s.n. (BO); Cibeber: Backer 22493 (BO), Bakhuizen 3839 (BO, L), Bakhuizen 3922 (BO, L), Bakhuizen 3892 (BO, L); Takokak: Koorders 15149 (BO), Koorders 14934 (BO); Sukanegara: Hellendoorn 4 (BO); Wanayasa: Backer 14361 (BO), Backer 14108 (BO); Pasir Ipis: Scheffer s.n. (BO); Cikuya & Denu: Backer 8940 (BO); Mt. Rendang: Junghuhn s.n. (L.908.129.1812) (L); Nanggerang: Backer 8790 (BO); Mt. Ciparay: Backer 15019 (BO); Cireungkas: Backer 15119 (BO); Mt. Cibu- rayut: Anon. 54 (BO, L); Mt. Sesapan: Scheffer s.n. (BO); Preanger: Ploem s.n. (L 909.27.145) (L), Ploem s.n. (L 909.25.269) (L), Ploem s.n. (L 909.92.319) (L), Ploem s.n. (L 909.25.168) (L); , Ploem s.n. (L 909.26.62) (L); , Ploem s.n. (L 909.25.259) (L). CENTRAL JAVA. Mt. Slamet: Backer 186 (BO): Murata et al. 875 (BO, L); Mt. Cendana: Backer 18668 (BO); Medangan: Koorders 33833 (BO), Koorders 34045 (BO); Pringombo: Koorders 27106 (BO); Doro and Petung Kriono: Backer 15750 (BO), Docters Van Leeuwen 479 (BO); Josorejo: Backer 16056 (BO); Mt. Ungaran: Docters van Leeuwen 1264 (BO); Mt. Telomoyo: Koorders 35839 (BO). No specific location: Ploem s.n. (L 908.223.1042) (L); Ploem s.n. (L 908.223.188) (L); De Vriese 173 (L); De Vriese 174 (L); Kuhl & Van Hasselt s.n. (BO, L); Kuhl & Van Hasselt 12 (L); Van Hasselt s.n. (L 908.129.673) (L); Lanjouw 179, (BO, L); Anon. s.n. (L); Anon. s.n. (L 908.129.1813) (L); Anon. s.n. (L 908.129.1814) (L); Anon. s.n. (L 908.129.1793) (L); Anon. s.n. (L 908.129.1782) (L); Anon. s.n. (L 908.129.1783) (L); Anon. s.n. (L 908.129.683) (L); Anon. s.n. (L 908.129.693) (L); Anon. s.n. (L 908.129.690) (L); Anon. s.n. (L 944.258.8) (L); Anon. s.n. (L 944.258.11) (L); Anon. s.n. (L 7.899.302) (L); Anon. s.n. (L 909.92.358) (L); Anon. s.n. (L 936.238.182) (L); Blume s.n. (L 908.129.1792) (L); Blume 3084 (L 992.233.284) (L); Blume 1791 (L 908.129.692;–1804) (BO, L, type of Melastoma vacillans Blume var. pallens Blume); De Vriese 169 (L); Reinwardt s.n. (L 908.129.681) (L); Reinwardt s.n. (L 908.129.672) (L). 6. DISSOCHAETA INAPPENDICULATA Blume ― Fig. 7b, 8. Dissochaeta inappendiculata Blume, Flora 14 (1831) 499 ≡ Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 6 (1831) 240; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1 (1855) 525; Cogn., in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 7 (1891) 560. ― Melastoma vacillans Blume var. α Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned.–Ind. 17 (1826) 1074. ― Type: Java, Blume s.n. (L 908.129–481; iso L 908.129–471). Dissochaeta cinnamomea Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.– Bat. 1, 3 (1849) 36; Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III, 15 (1851) 79; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1 (1855) 522. ― Type: Java, Blume s.n. (L 908.129–474; iso L 908.129–466). Dissochaeta inappendiculata Blume var. tomentosa Blume, Flora 14 (1831) 499 ≡ Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 6 (1831) 241. ― Type: Java, Rendang, Junghuhn s.n. (L 908.129– 1669). Dissochaeta inappendiculata Blume var. purpuras- cens Blume, Flora 14 (1831) 499 ≡ Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 6 (1831) 241. ― Type: Java, Preanger Regentsch., Mt. Megamendoeng, Kuhl & Van Hasselt s.n. (L 908.129– 473). Branchlets terete to nearly subquadrangular, 3–5 mm diameter, glabrous, or glabrescent, or some- times with stellate–hairs. Petioles stellate– puberulous or stellate–furfuraceous, rarely furfura- ceous, 0.5–1.8 cm long. Leaves blades ovate, ellip- tic, ovate–oblong, oblong, or lanceolate, (5–)7–14 by (1–)3–6 cm; base rounded; apex acute or acumi- nate, tip 0.5–2 cm long; underside glabrous or sparsely stellate–furfuraceous; densely stellate fur- furaceous at midrib and vein; midrib with 1 or 2 lateral veins. Inflorescences terminal and from the upper leaf axils, up to 28 cm long; main axis stellate –puberulous or stellate–furfuraceous, rarely not stel- late; peduncle up to 7.5 cm long; bracts linear, lanceolate or oblong, veined, caducous, glabrescent, (0.7–)2–3.5 by 1–1.5 mm; pedicels stellate– puberulous, 2–8 mm long; bracteoles linear to ovate, glabrescent or stellate–furfuraceous, some- times with bristly hairs along the margin, 1–7 mm long. Hypanthium campanulate or urceolate, gla- brescent to densely furfuraceous or stellate– furfuraceous, 1–4 by 1–3 mm diameter; calyx trun- cate with 4 undulate, rounded, or subtriangular lobes, glabrous, 0.5–1 mm long; petal bud conical to subrounded, rarely angular, 1–5 mm long; petals ovate or oblong, glabrous or inside with appressed hairs at base, purplish white, pink, or red, 4–6 by 2– 3 mm. Stamens 8, unequal, heteromorphous, open- ing by a single pore; alternipetalous ones larger, fertile; filaments flat, basifixed, 2–3.5 mm long; anthers oblong or lanceolate, 3–4 mm long; crests REINWARDTIA 136 [VOL.13 Notes. Dissochaeta inappendiculata is easily recog- nized by having 8 stamens, the alternipetalous are- fertile and the oppositipetalous are staminodial. The alternipetalous ones are always inappendiculate usually without lateral appendages and with a trian- gular or orbicular crest. The oppositipetalous ones have a spuriform crest. Maxwell (1983) included some of the specimens of this species (L) as part of D. velutina var. velutina. Since the type of D. ve- lutina belongs to D. vacillans, D. inappendiculata is regarded as a distinct species very different from the later (see no. 12, D. vacillans). Specimens examined. BANTEN. Mt. Pulasari: Adelbert 476 (BO, L). WEST JAVA. Nanggung: Backer 10522 (BO); Mt.Salak: Backer 4201 (BO), Backer s.n. (BO), Polak s.n. (BO), Van Steenis 4023 (BO), Hoover & Gir- mansyah 31877 (BO), De Voogd s.n. (BO, L), Lam 2205 (BO, L), Van Balgooy 5161 (BO, L), Sulistyaningsih 5 (BO); G. Luhur: Van Balgooy & Mogea 4284 (BO, L); Gadok: Lam 65 (BO); Mt. Megamendung: Kuhl & Van Hasselt s.n. (L.908.129–473) (L, type of D. inappen- diculata Blume var. purpurascens Blume); Cisarua: Van Ooststroom 12833 (L); Situ Gunung: Van Steenis 5685 (BO); Cipetir: Burck & De Monchy s.n., (BO.1429431) (BO); Mt.Halimun: Backer 10794 (BO), Hoover et al. 20323 (BO), Hoover et al. 820 (BO), Hoover et al. triangular or ovate with acute narrow apex, 1 mm long; lateral appendages usually absent or minute, 0 –2 mm long; the oppositipetalous ones smaller, sta- minodial; filaments bent, 1.5–2 mm long; anthers lanceolate or elliptic, 1–1.5 mm long; crests spuri- form, erect, ca. 0.5–0.8 mm long; lateral append- ages absent. Ovary 2/3 times as long as the hypan- thium, apex puberulous; extra–ovarial chambers 4, reaching to the middle of the ovary. Style glabrous, swollen at apex, 5–8 mm long. Berry globose, gla- brous to sparsely stellate–furfuraceous, 2–5(–7) by 2–5 mm, with 8 ridges; stalks 4–7 mm long. Distribution. Malay Peninsula (Malacca, Pahang, Perak, Selangor), Sumatra (North Sumatra, West Sumatra), Java (Banten, West Java, Central Java), Borneo ( Kalimantan). Habitat and ecology. Primary montane forest or secondary forest at 400–1800 m alt. Local name. Harendong, harendong cai (Sunda). Collectors notes. Climber height 10 m (Koorders 32905). Branches pendent (Van Balgooy & Mogea 4284). Fig. 8. Distribution map of D. inappendiculata in Java. Fig. 7. Flower bud, alternipetalous (downside) and oppositipetalous (upside) stamen in bud. a. D. gracilis (Kartonegoro 314). b. D. inappendiculata (Van Balgooy 5161). b a 4 mm 3 mm 4 mm 3 mm 2 mm 2010] 137 KARTONEGORO & VELDKAMP. Revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae) in Java, Indonesia 31994 (BO), Hoover et al. 32767 (BO), Arifiani et al. 136 (BO); Sindanglaya: Ploem s.n. (BO, L); Cibodas: Valeton s.n. (BO); Sukanegara: Hellendoorn 3 (BO); Takokak: Koorders 14991 (BO), Koorders 32905 (BO); Cibeber: Backer 23703 (BO), Backer 22891 (BO, L); Mt. Jayagiri: Lam 141 (BO, L); Mt. Cikuray: Backer 8687 (BO); Karawang: De Monchy 27 (BO); Mt. Sem- bung: Backer 12256 (BO); Cikopo: Boerlage s.n. (L 909.92–483) (L); Mt. Rendang: Junghuhn s.n. (L 908.129–1669) (L, type of D. inappendiculata Blume var. tomentosa Blume). CENTRAL JAVA. Mt. Slamet: Backer 296 (BO). No specific location: Blume s.n. (L 908.129–474,–466) (L, type of D. cinnamomea Blume); Blume s.n. (L 908.129–47,–481) (L, type); Junghuhn 201 (L); Junghuhn s.n. (L 908.129–1803) (L); Korthals s.n. (L 908.129–463) (L); Reinwardt s.n. (L 908.129– 494) (L); Reinwardt s.n. (L 908.129–461) (L). 7. DISSOCHAETA INTERMEDIA Blume ― Fig. 9, 10a. Dissochaeta intermedia Blume, Flora 14 (1831) 493 ≡ Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 6 (1831) 236; Mus. Bot. Lugd.– Bat Mus. 1, 3 (1849) 35; Korth. in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot (1844) 236; Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III, 15 (1851) 72; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1 (1855) 524; Cogn., in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 7 (1891) 562; Bakh. f., Meded. Mus. Bot. Utrecht 91 (1943) 223 ≡ Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 40 (1943) 223; in Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 1 (1965) 364. ― Type: Java, Preanger Regentsch., Gegerbentang, Blume 539 (L 908.129–1662; iso L 908.129–1659, –1668, –1589). Branchlets terete or subquadrangular, 4–7 mm diameter, furfuraceous or stellate–furfuraceous. Petioles glabrescent to densely furfuraceous or stel- late–furfuraceous, 5–20(–25) mm long. Leaves blades ovate or oblong, 7–16 by 2.5–8.5 cm; base rounded or rarely subcordate; apex acuminate, tip 0.5–2 cm long; underside densely brown stellate– furfuraceous; midrib with 1 or 2 lateral veins. Inflo- rescences terminal and from the upper leaf axils, up to 30 cm long; main axis densely stellate– furfuraceous or furfuraceous; peduncle up to 6 cm long; bracts minute; pedicels densely stellate– Collectors notes. Epiphyte (Hoover et al. 5502), height up to 26 m (Koorders 42153). Notes. Resembles D. leprosa in the number and shape of the stamens but is different in having a smaller hypanthium and a truncate rounded calyx. Sterile specimens are very similar to D. fallax and D. reticulata. Together with D. leprosa, this species is common at high elevations up from 1000 m, for Fig. 9. Distribution map of D. intermedia in Java. furfuraceous, 2–7 mm long; bracteoles linear to ovate–oblong, densely stellate–furfuraceous, 1–2 mm long. Hypanthium campanulate or suburceolate, angular, with four distinct ridges, stellate– puberulous to densely stellate–tomentose, 2–5 by 1– 3 mm diameter; calyx truncate with rounded or sub- triangular lobes, widened, stellate–furfuraceous, 0.5 –1 mm long; petal bud conical 3–7 mm long; petals ovate or oblong, pink, purple or red, glabrous or inside at base with appressed hairs, 6–10 by 3–5 mm. Stamens 4, equal, alternipetalous, all fertile; filaments flat, basifixed 3–5(–7) mm long; anthers linear–lanceolate, when mature S–shaped or falcate, 4–8(–10) mm long; crests triangular, 1–2 mm long, narrow with acute apex; lateral appendages two, filiform, 3–4 mm long. Ovary half or 2/3 times as long as the hypanthium, apex pubescent; extra– ovarial chambers 4, reaching the base of the ovary. Style glabrous, erect, swollen at apex, (5–)11–14 mm long. Berry ovoid or subglobose, glabrous to sparsely stellate–furfuraceous, rarely with distinct vertical ridges, green, 5–10 by 3–7 mm; stalks stel- late–furfuraceous, 3–7 mm long. Distribution. Thailand (Peninsular), Malay Penin- sula (Johor, Pahang, Singapore), Sumatra (West), Java (West). Habitat and ecology. Primary forest, 1100–2000 m alt. Local name. Harendong cai; harendong areuy (Sunda). REINWARDTIA 138 [VOL.13 tinctly triangular lobes, erect, densely stellate– tomentose, 2–3 mm long; petal bud conical, (2–)4– 10 mm long; petals oblong or ovate, glabrous or hairy at base inside, red, pink, or violet, veined, 6– 15 by 3–8 mm. Stamens 4, equal, alternipetalous and fertile or 8, unequal, heteromorphous; the al- ternipetalous ones larger, fertile; filaments flat, basi- fixed, 4–8 mm long; anthers glabrous, linear or lanceolate, falcate or S–shaped when mature, 5–12 mm long; crests distinctly triangular, narrow with acute apex, 1–1.5 mm long; lateral appendages two, flat, filiform, sometimes divided at the apex, (2–)4– 7 mm long; anthers oblong or lanceolate, 5–7 mm long; filament, bent or not, 2–3 mm long; crests tri- angular or ligular, erect; lateral appendages two, filiform, 2–3 mm long; staminodes with bent fila- ments, 2–3 mm long; anthers ovate–oblong, 1–2 mm long; crests spuriform, erect, 0.2–1 mm long; lateral appendages absent. Ovary half or 2/3 times as long as the hypanthium in length, apex pubes- cent; extra–ovarial chambers 4, 6 or 8; 4 reach the base of the ovary, the rest reach beyond the middle of the ovary or less. Style glabrous, apex swollen, 8 –15 mm long. Berry ovoid, stellate–puberulous or nearly stellate–tomentose, red when mature, with 4 distinct vertical ridges, 6–12 by 4–8 mm, with a calyx remnant widened, 2–3 mm long; stalks densely stellate–furfuraceous, 4–11 mm long. Distribution. Sumatra, Java (West, Central, East). Habitat and ecology. Primary or secondary forest, rarely near crater at 1350–2000 m alt. Local Name. Harendong cai (Sunda); kramas madu (Java). Collector’s note. Height up 28 m (Koorders 31523). Notes. Resembles D. intermedia, but differs by the larger hypanthium and distinctly triangular calyx. Otherwise, D. leprosa has a more tomentose indu- ment than D. intermedia. Most of specimens show that this species has larger and more cordate leaf blades then the other Javanese ones. The similarity of the shape of the alternipetalous stamens with those of D. intermedia made Maxwell (1981 “1980”) regard this as a variety of the latter, but because of the differences in indumentum, size and shape of the hypanthium, the calyx lobes, and the alternipetalous stamens it is here considered to be a distinct species. Specimens examined. WEST JAVA. Puncak: Sapiin 1115 (BO); Mt. Pancar: Schiffner 2291 (BO, L); Mt. instance in Cibodas (Mt. Gede–Pangrango National Park) and Mt. Tangkuban Perahu in West Java. Specimens examined. WEST JAVA. Puncak: Beumée 390 (BO); Mt. Salak: Raap 158 (L); Cisarua: Van Steenis 12735 (L); Mt.Halimun: Van Balgooy & Wiriadinata 2889 (BO, L), Hoover et al. 5502 (BO); Mt.Gede: Arsin 19556 (BO), Koorders 42153 (BO), Koorders 25927 (BO), Backer 22286 (BO), Lörzing 1493 (BO), Hallier 626 (BO), Hallier 432 (BO); Mt. Pangrango: De Monchy s.n. (BO), Blume 539 (L.908.129–1662,–1659, –1668, – 1589, 1700) (L, type); Mt. Tangkuban Perahu: Backer 2387 (BO), Backer 2415 (BO), Docters van Leeuwen 2301a (BO), Docters van Leeuwen 11423 (BO), Meijer 1363 (BO), Zeylotra 19 (BO), Wisse 1188 (BO); Mt. Patuha: Backer 12787 (BO); Mt. Burangrang: Bakhuizen 4557 (BO, L), Reksodihardjo 6 (BO); Mt. Malabar: Scheffer s.n. (BO); Mt. Mandalagiri: Lam 230 (BO). No specific location: Anon. s.n. (BO); Anon. s.n. (L.908.129.1718) (L). 8. DISSOCHAETA LEPROSA (Blume) Blume ― Fig. 10b, 11. Dissochaeta leprosa (Blume) Blume, Flora 14 (1831) 494 ≡ Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 6 (1831) 237; Cogn., in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 7 (1891) 562; Bakh. f., Meded. Mus. Bot. Utrecht 91 (1943) 221 ≡ Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 40 (1943) 221; in Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 1 (1965) 364. ― Melastoma leprosum Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned.–Ind 17 (1826) 1068. ― Omphalopus leprosus (Blume) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III, 15 (1851) 278. ― Dissochaeta intermedia Blume var. leprosa (Blume) J.F. Maxwell, Gard. Bull. Singapore 33 (1981, “1980”) 315. ― Type: Java, Kuhl & Van Hasselt s.n. (L 908.129–1657; iso L 908.129–1692, –1708, –1712). Dissochaeta calothyrsa Miq., Fl. Ned.–Ind. 1, 1 (1855) 523; Cogn., in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 7 (1891) 563. ― Type: Java, Pengalengan, Junghuhn 13 (U 000551; iso L 908.129–691, –962, –963). Branchlets terete, 3–6 mm diameter, densely stellate–furfuraceous to stellate–tomentose. Petioles densely stellate–furfuraceous, 8–23 mm long. Leaves blades ovate, elliptic, ovate–oblong, or ovate –lanceolate, 8–17 by 3–8 cm; base rounded or sub- cordate; apex acuminate, tip 0.5–1.5 cm long; un- derside densely stellate–tomentose; midrib with 2 or 3 lateral veins; Inflorescences terminal and axillary, up to 20 cm long; main axis densely stellate– tomentose; peduncle up to 10 cm long; bracts lanceolate, densely stellate–pubescent, ca. 10 by 2 mm; pedicels densely stellate–tomentose, 2–12(– 16) mm long; bracteoles linear or lanceolate, densely stellate–pubescent, 1–6 mm long. Hypan- thium campanulate or suburceolate, tubular or rarely angular, covered with densely stellate–tomentose hairs, 4–10 by 3–5 mm diameter; calyx with dis- 2010] 139 KARTONEGORO & VELDKAMP. Revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae) in Java, Indonesia Halimun: Uchida 20 (BO), Hoover et al. 32663 (BO); Gunung Melati: Went s.n. (L.908.129–215) (L); Mt. Gede: Danser 5955 (L), Koorders 31506 (BO), Koorders 31523 (BO), Koorders 25949 (BO), Kakah 92 (BO, L), Backer 14714 (BO), Bruggeman 211 (BO), Bruggeman 48 (BO), Scheffer s.n. (BO.1779360) (BO), Van Ooststroom 13840 (L), Raap 667 (L), Boerlage s.n. (L.908.129.661) (L), Hallier 626a (BO); Cibeber: Smith 719 (BO, L,U); Mt. Tangkuban Prahu: Horst 2 (BO), Docters van Leeuwen 11487 (BO), Docters van Leeuwen 2301 (BO), Boerlage s.n. (L.909.92.149) (L), De Vriese 149 (L), Backer s.n. (BO), Backer 2386 (BO); Ci- beureum: Smith & Rant 125 (BO); Mt. Malabar: Scheffer s.n. (BO.1779361) (BO); Pengalengan: Junghuhn 13 (U– 000551) (L, type D. calothyrsa Miq.); Mt. Rendang: Junghuhn s.n. (L.908.129.963) (L); Mt.Guntur: Karsten 66 (L); Pangencongan: Backer s.n. (BO); Cireungas: Backer s.n. (BO). CENTRAL JAVA. Mt. Praboto: Backer 15983 (BO); Petung Kriono: Backer 15787 (BO); Mt.Telomoyo: Koorders 27844 (BO), Koorders 35840 (BO), Koorders 35841 (BO); Mt. Andong: Koorders 27846 (BO). EAST JAVA. Mt.Wilis: Koorders 29308 (BO); Punter: Van Steenis 2486 (BO); Mt. Kawi: Anon. FS 48 (L). No specific location; Junghuhn 196 (L); Junghuhn 198 (L); Junghuhn s.n. (L 908.129.962) (L); Anon. s.n. (L.909.92.150) (L); Kuhl & Van Hasselt s.n. (L 908.129–1657) (L, type). 9. DISSOCHAETA MONTICOLA Blume ― Fig. 12, 13a Dissochaeta monticola Blume, Flora 14 (1831) 494 ≡ Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 6 (1831) 237; Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III, 15 (1851) 78; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1 (1855) 524; Cogn., in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 7 (1891) 562. ― Type: Java, Preanger Regentsch., Gegerbentang, Kuhl & Van Hasselt s.n. (L 908.129–238; iso L 908.129–248, 944.258–3). Dissochaeta biligulata Korth. in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot. (1844) 240; Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.–Bat. 1, 3 (1849) 35; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1 (1855) 529; Cogn., in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 7 (1891) 561; Veldk., Blumea 24 (1978) 438. ― Anplectrum Fig. 11. Distribution map of D. leprosa in Java. Fig. 10. Flower bud and alternipetalous stamen in bud. a. D. intermedia (Hoover et al. 5502). b. D. leprosa (Smith & Rant 125). 4 mm 4 mm 2 mm 4 mm a b REINWARDTIA 140 [VOL.13 Notes. Dissochaeta monticola can be recognized by the presence of 4 alternipetalous fertile stamens, without oppositipetalous ones. This species is most similar to D. intermedia to which Bakhuizen f. (1943) referred it, but differs in the size of the hy- panthium and the curved mature anthers which are “S” shaped in D. intermedia. The indument of D. intermedia is more tomentose while in D. monticola it is brown furfuraceous. Bakhuizen f. (1943: 141) stated that the type of D. bancana would be Teys- mann s.n. (U 000552), but Miquel himself attributed it to Horsfield, now presumably in BM. Specimens examined. BANTEN. Backer 1835 (BO). WEST JAVA. Mt. Pangrango: Kartonegoro 317 (BO), Kuhl & Van Hasselt s.n. (L.908.129–238; 908.129–248, 944.258–3) (L, type). 10. DISSOCHAETA RETICULATA Blume ― Fig. 12, 13b. Dissochaeta reticulata Blume, Flora 14 (1831) 499 ≡ Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 6 (1831) 241; Veldk., Blumea 24 (1978) 439. ― Omphalopus reticulatus (Blume) Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III, 15 (1851) 278. ― Neodissochaeta re- ticulata (Blume) Bakh. f., Meded. Mus. Bot. Utrecht 91 (1943) 143 ≡ Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 40 (1943) 143; in Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 1 (1965) 366. ― Dissochaeta velutina Blume var. reticulata (Blume) J.F. Maxwell, Gard. Bull. Singapore 33 (1981, “1980”) 321. ― Type: Java, Blume s.n. (L 908.129–491; iso L 908.129–495). Dissochaeta inappendiculata Blume var. tomentosa Blume, Flora 14 (1831) 499 ≡ Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 6 (1831) 241. ― Type: Java, Rendang, Junghuhn s.n. (L 908.129– 1669). Dissochaeta ligulata Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.–Bat 1, 3 (1849) 35; Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III, 15 (1851) 79; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1 (1855) 524; Veldk., Blumea 24 (1978) 439. ― Anplectrum ligulatum (Blume) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28 (1871––1872) 85. ― Diplectria ligulata (Blume) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891) 246. ― Type: Java, Junghuhn s.n. (L 908.129–5). Branchlets terete, 3–6 mm diameter, densely stellate–furfuraceous or furfuraceous, nodes with a distinct annular ridge. Petioles densely stellate– furfuraceous or furfuraceous, 0.5–2 cm long. Leaves blades ovate, ovate–oblong or ovate–elliptic, rarely lanceolate, 7–14 by 2–6 cm; base rounded or sub- cordate; apex acuminate, tip 0.5–2 mm long; under- side densely brown stellate–furfuraceous; midrib with 2 lateral veins. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, up to 23 cm long; main axis densely stel- late–furfuraceous or furfuraceous; peduncle up to 9 cm long; bracts minute or oblong to lanceolate, 15– 17 by 4–5 mm, caducous; pedicels furfuraceous, 2– 5 mm long; bracteoles minute or ovate to linear– biligulatum (Korth.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28 (1871– –1872) 85. ― Diplectria biligulata (Korth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891) 246. ― Neodissochaeta biligulata (Korth.) Bakh. f., Meded. Mus. Bot. Utrecht 91 (1943) 140 ≡ Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 40 (1943) 140. ― Type: Sumatra, East Coast, G. Paauw, Korthals s.n. (L 908.129 –356; iso L 908.129–397). Dissochaeta bancana Miq., Fl. Ned.–Ind. 1 (1855) 529. ― Type: Bangka, Horsfield s.n. (K). Dissochaeta celebica Blume var. contracta King, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 69, 2 (1900) 54. ― Type: Perak, King’s collector 2911 (CAL, n.v.). Dissochaeta scortechinii King, J. As. Soc. Bengal 69, 2 (1900) 55. ― Type: Malay Peninsula, Perak, Scorte- chini 23 (BM; iso SING). Branchlets terete or nearly angular, 3–6 mm di- ameter, densely brown stellate–furfuraceous. Peti- oles terete, stellate–furfuraceous, 0.6–1 cm long. Leaves blades ovate or oblong, 6.5–10 by 3–4 cm; base rounded; underside densely brown stellate– puberulous; apex acuminate, tip 1–1.5 cm long; midrib with 1 or 2 lateral veins. Inflorescences ter- minal, up to 18 cm long; main axis densely stellate– furfuraceous; peduncle up to 6 cm long; bracts min- ute or linear, ca. 2.5 mm long; pedicels densely stel- late–furfuraceous, 1–2 mm long; bracteoles linear, densely stellate–furfuraceous, 0.5–1 mm long. Hy- panthium campanulate or urceolate, stellate– furfuraceous, 3–4 by 1–3 mm diameter; calyx trun- cate with 4 undulating, cuspidate lobes, glabrous, 0.5–1 mm long; petal bud conical, 1–4 mm long; petals ovate to elliptic, glabrous, pink, 4–6 by 3–3.5 mm. Stamens 4, equal, alternipetalous, all fertile, curved when mature; filaments flat, basifixed, 3–5 mm long; anthers oblong or lanceolate, slightly curved when mature, 3.5–5 mm long; crests triangu- lar, ca. 0.5 mm long; lateral appendages 2, filiform or ribbon–like, sometimes unequal in length and with an irregular margin, 2–3 mm long. Ovary half or 2/3 times as long as the hypanthium, apex mi- nutely villous; extra–ovarial chambers 4, reaching beyond the middle of the ovary. Style glabrous, swollen at apex, 5–9 mm long. Berry globose, gla- brous to stellate–puberulous, 3–6 by 2.5–3 mm; stalks 3–6 mm long. Distribution. Thailand (Peninsular), Malay Penin- sula (Johor, Kedah, Negeri Sembilan, Singapore, Pahang, Penang, Perak, Selangor), Sumatra (West Sumatra, North Sumatra, Jambi, Bangka, Bintan), Java (Banten, West Java), Borneo (Kalimantan, Sa- bah, Sarawak), Celebes (Minahasa), Philippines (Mindanao). Habitat and ecology. Forest edge at 600–1000 m alt. 2010] 141 KARTONEGORO & VELDKAMP. Revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae) in Java, Indonesia lanceolate, glabrescent or densely stellate– furfuraceous, 2–5 mm long. Hypanthium campanu- late or suburceolate, densely stellate–furfuraceous or furfuraceous, 2–5 by 1–3 mm diameter; calyx with 4 rounded lobes, glabrous or puberulous, wid- ened 0.5–2 cm long; petal bud conical or sub- rounded, angular, 1–6 mm long; petals oblong or ovate–oblong, glabrous or with appressed hairs at base inside, 7–10 by 3–4 mm. Stamens 8, unequal or subequal, homomorphous, all fertile; the al- ternipetalous ones larger; filaments flat, basifixed, sometimes subbasifixed, 2–5 mm long; anthers ovate–oblong or lanceolate, when mature curved or straight, 3–6.5 mm long; crests triangular, 1–1.5 mm long; lateral appendages minute or usually ab- sent; the oppositipetalous ones smaller; filaments bent or not, 2–3 mm long; anthers oblong, oblong– lanceolate, 2–4 mm long; crests triangular or ligu- lar, erect or sometimes horizontally inward tapering to anther, rare with tri–or bifid, 1–1.5 mm long; lat- eral appendages absent. Ovary half or 2/3 times as long as the hypanthium, apex puberulous or pubes- cent; extra–ovarial chambers 8, reaching at most to the middle of the ovary. Style glabrous, apex swol- len, (5–)10–12 mm long. Berry globose, glabrous, with distinct 8 vertical ridges, 4–8 by 3–6 mm; stalks densely stellate–furfuraceous, 4–6 mm long. Distribution. Malay Peninsula (Johor, Selangor), Sumatra (Aceh, North Sumatra), Java (West Java). Habitat and ecology. Secondary forest at 700– 1000 m alt. Local name. Harendong areuy (Sunda). Notes. Dissochaeta reticulata is a distinct species because it has a densely stellate–furfuraceous or furfuraceous indument, all stamens fertile, and erect ligular crests on the oppositipetalous ones. When sterile it resembles to D. intermedia and D. fallax, but it is different in the number, shape, and size of the stamens. Maxwell (1981) regarded D. reticulata as a variety of D. velutina which is in this paper recognized as D. inappendiculata because its inap- pendiculate alternipetalous anthers. Specimens examined. WEST JAVA. Gunung Melati: Went s.n. (L.908.129–235) (L); Mt. Sanggabuana: Backer 23839 (BO); Cibeber: Bakhuizen 732 (BO), Backer 22623 (BO); Takokak: Koorders 33313 (BO); Nangger- ang: Backer 8761 (BO). No specific location: Binnendijk 418HB; Binnendijk 360HB; Blume s.n. (L.908.129–491; Fig. 12. Distribution map of D. monticola (●) and D. reticulata (▲) in Java. Fig. 13. Flower bud, alternipetalous (downside) and oppositipetalous (upside) stamen in bud. a. D. monticola (Kartonegoro 317). b. D. reticulata (Backer 23839). b a 4 mm 2 mm 2 mm 3 mm 4 mm REINWARDTIA 142 [VOL.13 furfuraceous, 4–7 by 2–5 mm diameter; calyx trun- cate with 4 more or less triangular lobes, stellate– furfuraceous, 1 mm long; petal bud conical 2–10 mm long; petals oblong, glabrous, red to pinkish red, 9–11 by 4 mm. Stamens 8, subequal, the al- ternipetalous ones fertile, straight when mature; filaments flat, basifixed, ca. 6 mm long; anthers lanceolate, 6–7 mm long; crests triangular, hastate to sagittate, 1.5 mm long; lateral appendages 2, fili- form or ribbon–like, sometimes unequal in length, 3 –4 mm long. Oppositipetalous stamens smaller, fer- tile or staminodial; straight or falcate when mature; filaments flat, 4–6 mm; anthers lanceolate, 3–5 mm long; crest triangular or spuriform, up to 1 mm long; lateral appendages 2, filiform or absent. Ovary 2/3 times as long as the hypanthium, apex pubescent; extra–ovarial chambers 8, reaching beyond the mid- dle of the ovary. Style glabrous, swollen at apex, 13 –15 mm long. Fruits unknown. Distribution. Malay Peninsula (Malacca), Sumatra (Aceh, North Sumatra), Java (West Java), Borneo (Sabah), Philippine (Luzon). Habitat and ecology. Secondary forest 700–1400 m. Notes. Dissochaeta sagittata can easily be recog- nised by the very dense indument on the branchlets, underside of the leaf blade, and hypanthium. The alternipetalous stamens have a triangular, hastate, or sagittate crest, larger than in D. vacillans. It is most similar to D. intermedia but differs by having 8 subequal stamens. The difference of shape and number of stamens make this species distinct and not a variety of D. intermedia (Maxwell 1981 “1980”) as was also observed by G. Kadereit (in sched. L). Specimens examined. BANTEN. Blume 11 (L.908.129 –216) (L, type). WEST JAVA. Mt. Karang Gantungan: Backer 6272 (BO); Cisangku: Backer 10549 (BO); Su- 908.129–495)(L, type); Junghuhn s.n. (L.908.129–5) (L, type of D. ligulata Blume); De Vriese 53 (L); De Vriese 51A (L); Anon. s.n. (L.908.129.464) (L, p.p.). 11. DISSOCHAETA SAGITTATA Blume ― Fig. 14, 15a. Dissochaeta sagittata Blume, Flora 14 (1831) 500 ≡ Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 6 (1831) 214; Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III, 15 (1851) 79; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1 (1855) 525; Cogn., in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 7 (1891) 555; Bakh. f., Meded. Mus. Bot. Utrecht 91 (1943) 23 ≡ Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 40 (1943) 233; in Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 1 (1965) 364. ― Dissochaeta intermedia Blume var. sagittata (Blume) J.F. Maxwell, Gard. Bull. Singapore 33 (1981, “1980”) 315. ― Diplectria sagittata (Blume) Blume ex Veldkamp, Blumea 24 (1978) 445 (lapsus calamitatis!). ― Type: Java, Bantam, Blume 11 (L 908.129–216). Dissochaeta cumingii Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III, 15 (1851) 75; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1 (1855) 526; Cogn., in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 7 (1891) 555. ― Type: Luzon, Manila, Cuming 1344 (P, n.v.; iso L). Dissochaeta rubiginosa Stapf, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 42 (1914) 79. ― Type: Borneo, Sarawak, Mt. Matang, Haviland s.n. (BM; iso SAR). Branchlets terete, up to 4 mm diameter, densely stellate–furfuraceous, interpetiolar ridge inconspicu- ous, covered by stellate furfuraceous hairs. Petioles densely stellate–furfuraceous, ca. 1 cm long. Leaves blades oblong, 10–11 by 4.5–5 cm; base rounded; apex acuminate, tip ca. 1 cm long; underside densely stellate–furfuraceous; midrib with 1 pair of lateral veins. Inflorescences terminal and from the upper leaf axils, up to 21 cm long; main axis quad- rangular, densely stellate–furfuraceous; peduncle up to 5.5 cm long; bracts lanceolate, stellate– furfuraceous, 10 by 2 mm; pedicels densely stellate –furfuraceous, 2–5 mm long; bracteoles lanceolate, stellate–furfuraceous, 4–6 mm long. Hypanthium campanulate or suburceolate, densely stellate– Fig. 14. Distribution map of D. sagittata in Java. 2010] 143 KARTONEGORO & VELDKAMP. Revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae) in Java, Indonesia Fig. 15. Flower bud, alternipetalous (downside) and oppositipetalous (upside) stamen in bud. a. D. sagittata (Hellendoorn 8). b. D. vacillans (Arifiani et al. 142). Blume, Flora 14 (1831) 497 ≡ Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 6 (1831) 239. ― Lectotype: Java, Batavia, Tjiampea, Blume s.n. (L 908.129–689; iso L 908.129–699 p.p., designated here). Dissochaeta velutina Blume, Flora 14 (1831) 497 ≡ Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 6 (1831) 239; Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III, 15 (1851) 79; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1 (1855) 527; Cogn., in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 7 (1891) 560. ― Lecto- type: Java, Bantam, Leuwi Boengoer, Kuhl & Van Has- selt s.n. (L 908.129–202; iso L 908.129–212, designated here). Dissochaeta nodosa Korth. in Temminck, Verh. Nat. Gesch. Ned. Bezitt., Bot. (1844) 239; Bakh. f., Meded. Mus. Bot. Utrecht 91 (1943) 232 ≡ Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 40 (1943) 232 . ― Anplectrum nodosum (Korth.) Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.–Bat 1, 3 (1849) 37. ― Anplectrum nodosum (Korth.) Triana, Trans. Linn. Soc. 28 (1871–– 1872) 84. ― Type: Sumatra, West Coast, Mount Ker- intji, Korthals s.n. (L 908.129–15; iso L 908.129–12). Dissochaeta brachyanthera Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III, 15 (1851) 74; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1 (1855) 525; Veldk., Blumea 24 (1978) 444. ― Type: Java, West, Zollinger 3511 (P; iso L). Dissochaeta montana Cogn. in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 7 (1891) 558. ― Type: Sumatra, East Coast, Mt. Singgalang, Beccari 4124 (FI, n.v.). Branchlets terete or subquadrangular, 2–5 mm diameter, glabrescent to brown stellate– furfuraceous or furfuraceous, rarely with minute bristles. Petioles puberulous to furfuraceous, 5–24 mm long. Leaves blades ovate–oblong or elliptic– oblong to lanceolate, 6.5–14 by 2.5–7 cm; base rounded; apex acuminate, tip 5–10 mm long; under- side glabrous to nearly brown sparsely stellate– furfuraceous; midrib with 1 lateral vein. Inflores- cences terminal and from the upper leaf axils, up to kanegara: Hellendoorn 8 (BO); Mt. Gede: Raap 695A (L); Nanggerang: Backer 9097 (BO). No specific loca- tion: Anon. s.n. (L 908.129–1652) (L); Anon. s.n. (L 908.129–228) (L). 12. DISSOCHAETA VACILLANS (Blume) Blume ― Fig. 15b, 16. Dissochaeta vacillans (Blume) Blume, Flora 14 (1831) 495 ≡ Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 6 (1831) 238; Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III, 15 (1851) 79; Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1 (1855) 526; Cogn., in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 7 (1891) 559; Veldk., Blumea 24 (1978) 440. ― Melastoma vacil- lans Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 17 (1826) 1074. ― Neo- dissochaeta vacillans (Blume) Bakh. f., Meded. Mus. Bot. Utrecht 91 (1943) 144 ≡ Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 40 (1943) 144; in Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java 1 (1965) 366. ― Lectotype: Java, Tjiawi, Herb. Reinwardt s.n. in Herb. Blume (L 944.258–9; iso L 908.129–475, desig- nated here). Dissochaeta fusca Blume, Flora 14 (1831) 497 ≡ Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 6 (1831) 238; Naudin, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III, 15 (1851) 74; Cogn., in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 7 (1891) 560. ― Melastoma vacillans Blume var. c Blume, Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. 17 (1826) 1074. ― Dis- sochaeta inappendiculata Blume var. fusca (Blume) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 1, 1 (1855) 525. ― Neodissochaeta fusca (Blume) Bakh. f., Meded. Mus. Bot. Utrecht 91 (1943) 144 ≡ Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 40 (1943) 144; in Backer & Bakh. f., Fl. Java I (1965) 366. ― Lectotype: Java, Blume s.n. (L 908.129–196; iso L 908.129–676, designated here). Dissochaeta fusca Blume var. β ferruginea Blume, Flora 14 (1831) 497 ≡ Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 6 (1831) 239. ― Lectotype: Java, Bantam, Van Hasselt s.n. (L 908.129– 676; iso L 908.129–679, –685, –699 p.p., designated here). Dissochaeta fusca Blume var. obtuso–acuminata a b 4 mm 3 mm 4 mm 2 mm 3 mm REINWARDTIA 144 [VOL.13 30 cm long; main axis sparsely stellate– furfuraceous; peduncle up to 7 cm long; bracts min- ute or linear–lanceolate, caducous, furfuraceous; pedicels sparsely stellate–furfuraceous, 1–6 mm long; bracteoles minute or linear to oblong, stellate– furfuraceous, 1.5–2 mm long. Hypanthium cam- panulate or urceolate, sometimes angular, glabres- cent or sparsely to densely stellate–furfuraceous, 2– 5 by 1–3 mm diameter; calyx truncate with 4 undu- lating, rounded, or subtriangular lobes, rarely entire, glabrous, 0.5–1 mm long; petal bud conical, 1–4 mm long; petals ovate or oblong, glabrous or with minute hairs at margin, red, white, pink, or violet, 5 –6 by 3 mm. Stamens 8, unequal, homomorphous; the alternipetalous ones larger; filaments flat, basi- fixed, 2.5–4 mm long; anthers oblong or lanceolate, yellow, 3–5 mm long; crests triangular, 1–2 mm long; lateral appendages 2, filiform or ribbon–like, 1.5–3 mm long; the oppositipetalous ones smaller; filaments flat, bent or not, 2–3 mm long; anthers ovate–oblong or lanceolate, 2.5–4 mm long; crests triangular or ligular, erect, 0.5–1 mm long; lateral appendages two or reduced to a single lateral one, filiform or ribbon–like, 1–2 mm long. Ovary half or 2/3 times as long as the hypanthium, apex puberu- lous or pubescent; extra–ovarial chambers 8, 4 reaching between the apex and the middle of the ovary; the other 4 shallower. Style glabrous, 5–8 mm long. Berry globose, rarely subglobose, gla- brous, with mammiform shaped, blue–lilac, 3–6(– 10) by 2–6 mm; stalks 2–5(–7) mm long. Distribution. Malay Peninsula (Malacca, Pahang, Perak, Selangor), Sumatra (Aceh, North Sumatra, West Sumatra, Mentawai), Java (Banten, West Java, Central Java), Borneo (Kalimantan), Lesser Sunda Isl. (Sumbawa). Habitat and ecology. Forest, depleted forest or river edge at 500–1400 m alt. Local name. Harendong areuy (Sunda), harendong bokor areuy (Sunda), harendong gede (Sunda). Collector notes. Height up to 15 m. Flowering time in May, fruiting time: May, June (Koorders 33315). Notes. Dissochaeta vacillans has 8 stamens, the alternipetalous ones are fertile with two filiform lateral appendages and an auricular crest; the op- positipetalous are fertile or staminodial. The under- side of leaf blades vary from glabrous to nearly brown sparsely stellate–furfuraceous. Sometimes the glabrous ones are very similar to D. gracilis and D. decipiens when sterile. The species is very com- mon in Java especially in the West. Specimens examined. BANTEN. Mt. Karang: Koorders 40727 (BO), Koorders 40659 (BO); Mt. Pulasari: Backer 7055 (BO), Van Hasselt s.n. (L 908.129–676; L 908.129– 679) (L, type of D. fusca Blume var. ferruginea Blume); Leuwi Bungur: Kuhl & Van Hasselt s.n. (L 908.129–202; 908.129–212; 908.129–222) (L, type of D. velutina Blume). WEST JAVA. Mt. Salak: Hoover & Hendra 32564 (BO), De Voogd & Bloembergen s.n. (BO.1755056) (BO), Schiffner 2293 (BO, L), Backer 4198 (BO), Wiriadinata & Hoover 31188 (BO); Leuwili- ang: Van Steenis 2712 (BO.1757865) (BO); Mt. Butik Buligir: Backer 6150 (BO); Mt. Sunarari: Backer 6380 (BO); Ciampea: Blume s.n. (L 08.129–689) (L, type of D. fusca Blume var. obtuso–acuminata Blume); Ciawi: Re- inwardt s.n. (L 944.258–9, 908.129–475) (L, type of Me- lastoma vacillans Blume); Puncak: Meijer 105 (BO, L); Mt. Halimun: Arifiani et al. 142 (BO), Van Balgooy & Wiriadinata 2922 (BO, L); Mt. Gede: Boerlage s.n. (BO.1428704) (BO), Boerlage s.n. (BO.1429158) (BO), Scheffer s.n. (BO.1755010) (BO), Backer 21507 (BO), Widjaja 3220 (BO, CHTJ), Enoh 181 (BO, CHTJ, L), Koorders 31670 (BO); Sukanegara: Hellendoorn 5 (BO); Cibeber: Smith 822 (BO, L), Bakhuizen 1469 (BO), Winckell 1176β (BO, L); Takokak: Koorders 33314 (BO), Koorders 33315 (BO); Cisondari: Koorders 26306 (BO); Mt. Tangkuban Prahu: Docters van Leeuwen 11487a (BO); Mt. Sembung: Backer 12298 (BO); Rawa Cangkuang: Scheffer s.n. (BO); Pasawahan: Backer 2261 (BO); Mt. Ciparay: Backer 15041 (BO); Mt. Cikuray: Backer 8685 (BO); Panjalu: Koorders 47851 (BO). CENTRAL JAVA. Mt. Slamet: BJ Bernardius D43051 (BO). No specific location: Blume 1791 (L 908.129– 196;L 908.129–676) (L, type of D. fusca Blume); Blume s.n. (L 908.129–694) (L); De Vriese 58 (L); De Vriese 171 (L); De Vriese s.n. (L 908.129–1690) (L); Anon. s.n. (L 944.258–1) (L); Anon. s.n. (L 908.129–252) (L); Fig. 16. Distribution map of D. vacillans in Java. 2010] 145 KARTONEGORO & VELDKAMP. Revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae) in Java, Indonesia bijzonder Javaansche Melastomaceen. Bijdr. Nat. Wet. 6: 211–268 (234–242). BLUME, C. L. 1849. Museum botanicum Lugduno Batavum 1. Brill, Leiden. :35–37. CLAUSING, G. & RENNER, S. S. 2001. Evolution of growth form in epiphytic Dissochaetea (Melastomataceae). Org. Divers. Evol. 1: 45–60. COGNIAUX, A. 1891. Melastomataceae. In CAN- DOLLE, A. DE. Monographiae Phanerogamarum 7: 554–563. Masson, Paris. KADEREIT, G. 2006. A new species of Dissochaeta Blume (Melastomataceae) from Kalimantan (Borneo, Indonesia). Edinburgh J. Bot. 63: 3–8. KORTHALS, P. W. 1844. In TEMMINCK, C. J. Verhandelingen over De natuurlijke geschiedenis der Nederlandsche overzeesche bezittingen, Botanie. Natuurkundige Commissie, Leiden. ::236–243. MAXWELL, J.F. 1980. Taxonomic revision of Diplectri- nae Maxw. and Dissochaetinae Naud. (Dissochaeteae) Melastomataceae. Ph.D. Thesis Uni- versity of Singapore. MAXWELL, J.F. 1981 (“1980”). Taxonomic notes on the tribe Dissochaeteae (Naudin) Triana (Melastomataceae). Gard. Bull. Singapore 33: 312– 324. MAXWELL, J.F. 1984. Taxonomic studies of the Melas- tomataceae (Part 1). A revision of subtribes Diplectri- nae Maxw. and Dissochaetinae (Naudin) Triana (Genera Diplectria (Bl.) Reichb., Dissochaeta Bl., Macrolenes Naudin, Creochiton Bl., and Pseudodis- sochaeta Nayar). Fed. Mus. J. 29: 45–117. MIQUEL, F.A.W. 1855. Flora van Nederlandsch Indië 1. Van der Post. Amsterdam. 521–532. NAUDIN, C. 1851. Melastomacearum. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. III, 15: 69–69. RENNER, S.S., CLAUSING, G., CELLINESE, N., & MEYER, K. 2001. Melastomataceae. Fl. Thailand 7: 412–497. TRIANA, J. 1871. Les Mélastomacées. Trans. Linn. Soc. London 28: 82–84. VELDKAMP, J.F. 1978. Notes on Creochiton, Dis- sochaeta, and Macrolenes (Melastomataceae). Blu- mea 24: 437–446. VELDKAMP, J.F., FRANKEN, N.A.P., ROOS, M.C. & NAYAR, M.P. 1978. A revision of Diplectria (Melastomataceae). Blumea 24: 405–430. Anon. s.n. (L 908.129–255) (L); Anon.. s.n. (L 908.129– 484) (L); Anon. s.n. (L 908.129–675) (L); Anon. s.n. (L 908.129–697) (L). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study was made as the first part of a revision of the genus Dissochaeta in Indonesia, starting with the species of Java. AK did the revisional work, while JFV contributed to the editing and nomenclature. The Direc- tors and Keepers of the following herbaria are thanked for loans of their specimens: BO, CHTJ, L, U, and US. J.F. Maxwell (CMU) is gratefully acknowledged for pro- viding his unpublished thesis on the Dissochaeteae. AK would like to render special thanks to S.S. Renner (M) and G. Kadereit (MJG) for their valuable advice and ref- erences from their study of woody climbers of Melas- tomes and N. Cellinese (FLAS) for giving valuable com- ments and suggestion in reviewing the paper. We also thanks to Mr. Subari (BO) for beautiful hypanthiums and stamens drawing. All map distributions are using the ArcView GIS 3.2. REFERENCES BACKER, C.A. 1936. Verklarend woordenboek van wetenschappelijke plantennamen. Noordhoff, Gronin- gen. 179. BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK Jr., R.C. 1943. A con- tribution to the knowledge of the Melastomataceae occurring in the Malay Archipelago, especially in the Netherlands East Indies. Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 91: 1–391. Reprinted in Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 40: 1–391. BAKHUIZEN VAN DEN BRINK Jr., R.C. 1963. Melastomataceae. In BACKER, C. A. & BAKHUI- ZEN VAN DEN BRINK Jr., R.C. Flora of Java 1. Noordhoff, Groningen. 364–365. BLUME, C.L. 1826. Melastomeae. Bijdr. Fl. Ned.–Ind. 17: 1067–1080. BLUME, C.L. 1831a. Ueber einige Ostindische und besonders Javanische Melastomaceen. Flora 14: 465– 528. BLUME, C. L. 1831b. Over eenige Oostindische, INSTRUCTION TO AUTHORS Reinwardtia is a scientific journal on plant taxonomy, plant ecology, and ethnobotany. Manuscript intended for a publication should be written in English represent an article which has not been published in any other journal or proceedings. Every manuscript will be sent to two blind reviewers. Two printed copies (on A4 paper) of the manuscript of not more than 200 pages together with an electronic copy prepared on Word Processor computer program using Time New Romance letter type and saved in Rich Text File must be submitted. For the style of presentation, authors should follow the latest issue of Reinwardtia very closely. Title of the article should be followed by author’s name and mailing address in one-paragraphed English abstract of not more than 250 words. Keywords should be given below each abstract. On a separated paper, author(s) should send the preferred running title of the article submitted. Taxonomic identification key should be prepared using the aligned couplet type. Strict adherence to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature is observed, so that taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties should be clearly shown. Latin description for new taxon proposed should be provided and the herbaria where the type specimens area deposited should be presented in the long form that is name of taxon, author’s name, year of publication, abbreviated journal or book title, volume, number and page. Map, line drawing illustration, or photograph preferably should be prepared in landscape presentation to occupy two columns. Illustration must be submitted as original art accompanying, but separated from the manuscript. On electronic copy, the illustration should be saved in jpg or gif format at least 350 pixels. Legends or illustration must be submitted separately at the end of the manuscript. Bibliography, list of literature cited or references follow the Harvard system. REINWARDTIA Vol. 13. No. 2. 2010 CONTENTS Page HARRY WIRIADINATA & RISMITA SARI. A new species of Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) from North Sumatra ………………………………………………………………………..……………….. 95 ARY P. KEIM. A new species of Freycinetia (Pandanaceae) from Papua New Guinea………………… 101 ROBERT GRADSTEIN et al. Bryophytes of Mount Patuha, West Java, Indonesia……………………... 107 ABDULROKHMAN KARTONEGORO & J. F. VELDKAMP. Revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae) in Java, Indonesia………………………………………………………...…………… 125 NURSAHARA PASARIBU. Two new species of Freycinetia (Pandanaceae) from Sumatra, Indonesia………………………………………………………………………………………………….... 147 ARY P. KEIM. & M. RAHAYU. Pandanaceae of Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia................ 151 K. MAT-SALEH, RIDHA MAHYUNI, AGUS SUSATYA, J. F. VELDKAMP. Rafflesia lawangensis (Rafflesiaceae), a new species from Bukit Lawang, Gunung Leuser National Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia.............................................................................................................................. 159 J. F. VELDKAMP & R. M. K. SAUNDERS. Goniothalamus tripetalus (Lam.) Veldk. & R. M. K. Saunders (Annonaceae), comb. nov. .......................................................................................... 167 M. M. J. VAN BALGOOY. An updated survey of Malesian Seed Plants Families..................................... 171 NURHAIDAH IRIANY SINAGA. Two new species of Freycinetia (Pandanaceae) from Manokwari, West Papua ............................................................................................................................... 183 NURHAIDAH IRIANY SINAGA, RITA MEGIA, ALEX HARTANA & ARY PRIHARDHYANTO KEIM. The ecology and distribution of Freycinetia Gaud. (Pandanaceae; Freycinetoideae) in the Indonesian New Guinea................................................................................................................................ 189 EIZI SUZUKI. Tree flora on freshwater wet habitats in lowland of Borneo: Does wetness cool the sites.. 199 NANDA UTAMI & HARRY WIRIADINATA. Impatiens mamasensis (Balsaminaceae), a new Species from West Celebes, Indonesia.......................................................................................................... 211 M. ARDIYANI, A. D. POULSEN, P. SUKSATHAN, F. BORCHSENIUS. Marantaceae in Sulawesi..... 213 Reinwardtia is a LIPI acredited Journal (258/AU 1/P2MBI/05/2010) Herbarium Bogoriense Botany Division Research Centre for Biology – LIPI Cibinong, Indonesia REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_1-1 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_2-2 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_33-33 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_34-34 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_35-35 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_36-36 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_37-37 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_38-38 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_39-39 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_40-40 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_41-41 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_42-42 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_43-43 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_44-44 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_45-45 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_46-46 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_47-47 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_48-48 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_49-49 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_50-50 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_51-51 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_52-52 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_53-53 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_129-129 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_130-130