REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010 RE IN W AR DT IA 13 (2) A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY, PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY ISSN 0034 – 365 X REINWARDTIA A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY Vol. 13(2): 95 — 220, November 2, 2010 Chief Editor KARTINI KRAMADIBRATA Editors DEDY DARNAEDI TUKIRIN PARTOMIHARDJO JOENI SETIJO RAHAJOE TEGUH TRIONO MARLINA ARDIYANI EIZI SUZUKI JUN WEN Managing editors ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA HIMMAH RUSTIAMI Secretary ENDANG TRI UTAMI Lay out DEDEN SUMIRAT HIDAYAT Ilustrators SUBARI WAHYU SANTOSO ANNE KUSUMAWATY Reviewers R. ABDULHADI, SANDY ATKINS, JULIE F. BARCELONA, TODD J. BARKMAN, NICO CELLINESE, MARK COODE, GUDRUN KADEREIT, ROGIER DE KOCK, N. FUKUOKA, KUSWATA KARTAWINATA, ARY P. KEIM, P. J. A. KESSLER, A. LATIFF–MOHAMAD, M. A. RIFAI, RUGAYAH, H. SOEDJITO, T. SETYAWATI, D. G. STONE, WAYNE TAKEUCHI, BENITO C. TAN, J. F. VELDKAMP, P. VAN WELZEN, H. WIRIADINATA, RUI-LIANG ZHU. Correspondence on editorial matters and subscriptions for Reinwardtia should be addressed to: HERBARIUM BOGORIENSE, BOTANY DIVISION, RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY– LIPI, CIBINONG 16911, INDONESIA Email: reinwardtia@mail.lipi.go.id REINWARDTIA Vol 13, No 2, pp: 159 − 165 159 RAFFLESIA LAWANGENSIS (RAFFLESIACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM BUKIT LAWANG, GUNUNG LEUSER NATIONAL PARK, NORTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA Received April 11, 2010; accepted August 10, 2010 K. MAT-SALLEH Herbarium UKMB, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. (Born Kelantan, 1959 – Died Bangi, Malaysia, 10 Oct 2009) RIDHA MAHYUNI Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Division, Research Centre for Biology—LIPI, Jl. Raya Jakarta—Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia. Email: ridhamahyuni@gmail.com AGUS SUSATYA Department of Forestry, Universitas Bengkulu, Indonesia. Jl. Raya Kandang Limun, Bengkulu 38371, Indonesia. Email: satya1812@yahoo.com J.F. VELDKAMP Netherland Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis (section National Herbarium of the Netherlands, NHN), Leiden University, PO Box 9514, 2300 Leiden, the Netherlands. Email: veldkamp@nhn.leidenuniv.nl ABSTRACT MAT-SALLEH, K., MAHYUNI, R., SUSATYA, A. & VELDKAMP, J. F. 2010. Rafflesia lawangensis (Rafflesiaceae), a new species from Bukit Lawang, Gunung Leuser National Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 13(2): 159–165. — Rafflesia lawangensis (Rafflesiaceae), a new species from Bukit Lawang, Gunung Leuser National Park, North Sumatra is described. The species was previously recorded as either R. arnoldi or R. atjehensis, but it is distinguished by the absence of windows, the large undulating exterior annulus, the short pubescence on the upper surface of perigone lobes, and the very wide of diaphragm opening. A key to species of Sumatran Raffesia is provided. Key words: Aceh, Rafflesia, Rafflesiaceae, ramenta, Sumatra ABSTRAK MAT-SALLEH, K., MAHYUNI, R., SUSATYA, A. & VELDKAMP, J. F. 2010. Rafflesia lawangensis (Rafflesiaceae), jenis baru dari Bukit Lawang, Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 13(2):159–165. — Rafflesia lawangensis (Rafflesiaceae) adalah jenis baru dari Bukit Lawang, Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser, Sumatera Utara. Jenis ini sebelumnya dikenal sebagai Rafflesia arnoldi ataupun R. atjehensis tetapi dapat dibedakan dari keduanya berdasarkan tidak adanya jendela, anulus luaran yang besar bak gelombang, rerambut kecil dan tebal pada permukaan atas lobus perigon dan bukaan diafragma yang lebar. Kunci identifikasi untuk Rafflesia di Sumatera ditampilkan. Kata kunci: Aceh, Rafflesia, Rafflesiaceae, ramenta, Sumatera. INTRODUCTION The Gunung Leuser National Park, located between Aceh and North Sumatra provinces, is well -known for its high floristic diversity. Four taxa of Rafflesia R. Br. (Rafflesiaceae) have been reported from the Park and its surroundings (Meijer, 1997) i.e. R. arnoldi R. Br. var. arnoldi, R. arnoldi var. atjehensis (Koorders) Meijer, R. micropylora Meijer, and R. rochussenii Teijsm. & Binn. Rafflesia micropylora was first found in 1914 near Sungai Jernih, Aceh, by Heer F.W. J. Brewer. Koorders (1918) on his identification label provisionally called it R. gibbosa (p. 108: “spec. 3”) but this name was never published. Later, Meijer (1984) published it as R. micropylora based on the Koorders specimen. The presence of this species was also reported in 1972 by De Wilde and De Wilde-Duyfjes at Ketambe Gunung Leuser National Park. Rafflesia rochussenii is found in north Sumatra in Mt. Leuser and further south in Tapanuli (Meijer, 1984; 1997) but has a disjunct distribution in West Java in the Gede Pangrango National Park (Zuhud et al., 1998) and Mt. Salak (Zuhud et al., 1994). Both R. arnoldi var. arnoldi and R. arnoldi var. atjehensis had been found in Sungai Jernih, Lokop, REINWARDTIA 160 [VOL.13 collection-male specimen). Male mature bud 29–30 cm in diameter. Full blooming female flower 58–63 cm in diameter. Perigone lobes 24–25 by 19–25 cm, upper surface with a dark orange to reddish brown background; warts reddish white, irregular, 1–5 by 1–5 mm, upper surface with a very short and dense pubescence. Diaphragm orbicular, ca. 6 cm wide, 31–33 cm in diameter, pale orange, paler than the perigone lobes, without white warts, lower surface covered with ramenta. Ramenta filiform, sometimes branched, dark orange, distributed all over the inner surface of the perigone tube and diaphragm, becoming shorter towards the perigone base, 3–12 mm long. Diaphragm aperture 25–27 cm in diameter, ratio of the opening and its diameter at least 0.8. Windows absent. Disc 7.7–10.7 cm diameter, rim 0.3–0.6 cm high, pale orange and upper part with smooth hairs. Column 3.8–4 cm high, 9–9.5 cm in diameter; with a groove running down from the anthers cavity to the interior annulus. Processes mostly simple, flattened cones, arranged into 3 concentric rings: outer, mid and inner rings; male flower 30–32 consisting of 15 or 16 outer, 10 or 11 mid, 4 or 5 inner rings; anthers 27 or 28, in hairy cavities; pollen ca. 17–18 µm diameter; female flower 35 arranged into 16 outer, 11 mid, and 8 inner rings; annuli well developed, the interior annulus 0.3–0.4 cm wide and the exterior annulus larger than the interior one, 0.7–1 cm wide. Distribution. Indonesia, Sumatera Utara, Bohorok (Gunung Leuser National Park). Bukit Lawang. Host plant: Tetrastigma coriaceum (DC.) Gagnep. Specimen examined. North Sumatra, Bohorok, 5 September 2006, Lawang, Ridha Mahyuni, Kamarudin Mat-Salleh, Donna Jackson. Rdh-001 (BO). Notes. This species is named after Bukit Lawang, where the type specimen was collected. In a number of morphological features R. lawangensis is distinctly different from R. atjehensis, which was assumed as the identity of individuals sighted in this region previously. It is also different from the other species of Rafflesia found in the surrounding area of Gunung Leuser National Park such as R. arnoldi, R. micropylora, and R. rochussenii and from the other known species in Sumatera. Rafflesia atjehensis is known to have a restricted geographical range, and has only been recorded from Lokop, Aceh and possibly near Bohorok (Meijer, 1997; Zuhud et al., 1998). Meijer (1997) considered Rafflesia atjehensis as a variety of R. arnoldi. Due to this treatment, almost all Aceh (Meijer, 1984; Nais, 2001). Rafflesia arnoldi var. atjehensis was reported, but not documented, to also occur near Bohorok, close to the boundary of the Gunung Leuser National Park. Rafflesia arnoldi var. atjehensis was first described by Koorders as R. atjehensis based on a mature male bud collected by Terhaar in Lokop, Serbodjadi, Aceh (Koorders, 1918), but Meijer (1997) reduced it to a variety of R. arnoldi. However, based on the ramenta structure, Susatya (2007) agreed with Koorders and treated it as a distinct species. The types of ramenta and their distributions on the inner surface of the perigone tube are distinguishing characters for both species, despite their physical similarities in colour and wart pattern on the upper surface of the perigone lobes. Rafflesia atjehensis is distinguished by the ca. 2 cm wide glabrous and smooth zone at the base of the perigone tube with scattered and comparatively short tuberculate ramenta (about 3–6 mm long). On the other hand, R. arnoldi has filiform ramenta (6–10 mm long) scattered all over the inner surface of the perigone tube up to the lower part of the inner surface of the diaphragm (Meijer, 1997; Susatya, 2007). Hereafter, we will refer to R. arnoldi var. atjehensis as Rafflesia atjehensis. Bohorok, Bukit Lawang, was not previously known as the habitat of Rafflesia. Yet, it was Meijer in 1997 who suspected that R. arnoldi var. atjehensis might possibly occur there which might be correct, because Gunung Leuser National Park has a floristic composition close to that of Lokop. Since then, the presence of a Rafflesia species there has been frequently reported from Bohorok. All reports are referred as either R. arnoldi or R. atjehensis. Unfortunately, no herbarium material as well as picture of this spesies was actually collected and documented. Until 2005, when Ms. Ewa Kamila Grzelczak took a photograph of a bizarre blooming Rafflesia from Bukit Lawang and sent it to Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. After long discussions, reviews of the existing information of all known Rafflesias and identification of specimens, we came to the conclusion that this was neither R. arnoldi nor R. atjehensis, but a new species to science, which is described here. Rafflesia lawangensis Mat-Salleh, Mahyuni & Susatya, spec. nov. — Fig. 1, 2. Ab omnibus Rafflesiis sumatranis perigonii aliquot lobis supra pubescentia brevissima densissima, diaphragmate sine verrucis infra sine fenestris, apertura latissima, annulo exteriore grandi undulato distinguenda. — Typus: Indonesia, North Sumatra, Bohorok, 5 September 2006, Ridha Mahyuni, Kamarudin Mat- Salleh, Donna Jackson. Rdh-001 (BO, Holotype in spirit 2010] 161 MAT-SALLEH et al.: Rafflesia lawangensis (Rafflesiaceae), a new species from North Sumatra collections of Rafflesia found in this area have been referred to either R. arnoldi or R. atjehensis, when they did not show the distinctive morphological characters of R. micropylora or R. rochussenii. However, R. lawangensis is not likely to be confused with R. atjehensis or any other species. Among all Sumatran species of Rafflesia, only R. rochussenii and R. lawangensis have no windows in the lower surface of the diaphragm. These morphological features combined with the absence of warts on the upper surface of the diaphragm, the large undulating exterior annulus, and the short pubescence on perigone lobes distinguish R. lawangensis from R. atjehensis and all the other Rafflesia species. Furthermore, the relative size of the diaphragm opening is more than 80% of its diameter, and considered the widest among Sumatran Rafflesia but relatively similar to R. leonardi of northern Luzon in the Philippines (Barcelona et al., 2008; Barcelona et al., 2009b). A B E Fig. 1. A & B Rafflesia lawangensis in full bloom. C. Pubescence on perigone lobes D. Diaphragm (A, B, C & D, Female Flower). E. Column and disc. F. Proccesses (E & F Male Flower). Photo: R. Mahyuni & K. Mat-Salleh. C D F REINWARDTIA 162 [VOL.13 30 mm 30 mm c 0.4 mm 0.4 mm b 10 mm l m u d a Fig. 2. Rafflesia lawangensis Mat-Salleh, Mahyuni & Susatya. a). Ramenta at (l) lower, (m) middle, and (u) upper parts (d) of the inner surface of perigone tube and lower part of inner surface of diaphragmn. b). Pubesence on perigone lobes. c). Column and disc. 2010] 163 MAT-SALLEH et al.: Rafflesia lawangensis (Rafflesiaceae), a new species from North Sumatra Rafflesia lawangensis has an overlapping ecological distributions with R. micropylora and R. rochusenii in the north westernmost part of the Bukit Barisan Mountains which include the Gunung Leuser National Park (Figure 3). Each of the species has a combination of distinctive characters by which they can be differentiated from each other. The fully expanded flower of R. micropylora can reach a diameter of 40–60 cm, and is easily recognized by its very small diaphragm opening (Meijer, 1997). Rafflesia rochussenii, on the other hand is regarded as “small-flowered” with a size ranging from 14–40 cm. It has a disc without processes, or sometimes with less than 8. This very unique feature is also very similar to R. leonardi can be used to differentiate both from the other Rafflesia species (Meijer, 1997; Nais, 2001). Rafflesia lawangensis also shows very distinctive features compared to the rest of the Sumatran Rafflesia species such as R. gadutensis Meijer, R. hasseltii Suringar, R. patma Blume, and the recently described R. bengkuluensis Susatya, Arianto & Mat-Salleh. Rafflesia gadutensis and R. hasseltii have distant geographical ranges from R. lawangensis. The former is restricted to a small area in West Sumatra near Padang on the Bukit Gadut and the M. Hatta Forest Garden and possibly in Northern Bengkulu (Meijer, 1997). Rafflesia hasseltii has a more extensive geographical distribution, ranging from the Kerinci-Seblat National Park in the West Sumatra, Jambi, Bengkulu and South Sumatra Provinces (Susatya, 2007). Meanwhile, R. bengkuluensis and R. patma have been recorded to occur on the Southeastern parts of Bukit Barisan Mountains (Meijer, 1997; Susatya, 2007). The ramenta type together with pattern on the upper surfaces of the perigone lobes are the major differentiating characters between R. lawangensis and R. hasseltii as well as R. gadutensis. Rafflesia hasseltii is considered to have a “mid- sized” flower as the diameter of the open flower is 30–50 cm (Solms-Laubach, 1910; Meijer, 1997) and may reach up to 80 cm in a colder habitat (Susatya, 2007). Rafflesia gadutensis and R. hasseltii are characterized by both the claviform and toadstool-shaped ramentas. The latter species has white and very large, but few warts on a red maroon background on the upper surface of its perigone lobes. The length of the claviform ramenta varies from 9 to 15 mm, and is considered the longest among species with similar types of ramenta. Claviform ramenta becomes the dominant type at the mid inner surface of the perigone tube, while the toadstool type is only found in the upper inner surface of the perigone tube (Susatya, 2007). Smaller than R. hasseltii, R. gadutensis is also considered as a mid-sized Rafflesia with a flower size of 40-46 cm. It was previously thought to represent a form of R. arnoldi, until it was described as a distinct species by Meijer in 1984 (Meijer, 1984; 1997; Nais, 2001). Its warts are pale orange, much smaller but more numerous than those of R. hasseltii (Susatya, 2007). All ramenta types of R. gadutensis rarely exceed 15 mm. They are simple and branched crateriform on the inner surface of the Fig. 3. Map of Rafflesia distribution in Sumatra REINWARDTIA 164 [VOL.13 perigone tube. The simple ones are abundant on the lower part, while the crateriform are dominant on mid to upper part of the perigone tube. Toadstool- shaped ramenta are not found in the inner surface of the perigone tube, but only on the lower part of the inner surface of diaphragm (Susatya, 2007). Both R. bengkuluensis and R. patma have tuberculate ramenta less than 4 mm long (Hidayati et al., 2000; Meijer, 1997; Susatya et al., 2005). Rafflesia bengkuluensis has numerous dark orange warts on both the reddish brown perigone and diaphragm surfaces. Simple tubercled only occupy a ca. 1.5 cm wide zone in the middle part of the perigone tube, while lobed tubercles are only found in the lower part of the diaphragm. The other parts of the inner surface of the perigone tube have a glabrous surface with no ramenta (Susatya et al., 2005). The presence of ramenta in the perigone tube is also a distinguishing character between R. bengkuluensis and R. patma. The ramenta of R. patma are only found on the lower surface of diaphragm, while the inner surface of perigone tube is glabrous (Hidayati et al., 2000; Meijer, 1997). Rafflesia arnoldi is known to have the largest geographical distribution among Sumatran Rafflesia, and occurs along the Bukit Barisan Mountains from the Aceh to Lampung Provinces (Meijer, 1997). Rafflesia arnoldi, in general, is described as species with the large flower ranging from 70–100 cm, the largest among Rafflesia. Its perigone lobes have dark orange background color. Numerous white to yellowish warts interspersed by smaller ones are found in the upper surface of its perigone lobes. Fifteen warts are generally found across its lobe median. Small white to yellowish warts are scattered in the upper diaphragm surface, and form 3–4 distinct concentric rings. Diaphragm aperture is similar size to the diameter of disc. Disc has milky white color at base, and its rim has dark orange to brown. Its processes are 38–44, and arranged into 3–4 concentric rings. Its window extends up to 2/3 of the inner surface of the diaphragm from the rim, and consists of white blots of 6–8 mm arranged into 4–5 discontinued concentric rings (Susatya, 2007). Of the 27 known Rafflesia species, only R. aurantia Barcelona, Co & Balete (Barcelona et al., 2009a), R. baletei Barcelona & Cajano (Barcelona et al., 2006), R. leonardi Barcelona & Pelser (Barcelona et al., 2008), R. mira Fernando & Ong (Fernando & Ong, 2005), R. speciosa Barcelona & Fernando (Barcelona & Fernando, 2002), R. tengku- adlinii (Mat–Salleh & Latiff, 1989), R. rochusenii Teijsm. & Binn, and R. lawangensis lack of windows. Among these species, R. lawangensis has the largest size of its open flower (58–63 cm), is followed by R. mira (46–60 cm), and R. speciosa (45–56 cm). The others of windowless species of Rafflesia have less than 40 cm of their open flowers. It is interesting to note that the first five species are recently described from the Philipines, and four of them have similar tuberculate ramenta (Barcelona et al., 2009b). Rafflesia aurantia is very resembled to R. tengku-adlinii of Sabah. Both are differentiated by the ramenta size and its distribution in the lower surface of diaphragm. The former has the longer ramenta (7–10 mm), is sparely distributed in the diaphragma, but absent near the apperture rim, while the latter has smaller ramenta (3–5 mm), and its ramenta extendedly distributed to the apperture rim (Barcelona et al., 2006). Moreover, R. lawangensis has filiform ramenta, while both R. rochussenii and R. tengku-adlinii are characterized by crateriform ramenta. Ramenta type is considered as a good morphological character to differentiate among the species of Rafflesia due to their consistency and thus high diagnostic value (Mat Salleh, 1991; Meijer, 1997; Nais, 2001; Susatya, 2007). KEY TO THE SPECIES OF RAFFLESIA IN SUMATRA 1a. Ramenta tuberculate ..................................................2 b. Ramenta not tuberculate .............................................4 2a. Inner surface of the perigone tube with tuberculate ramenta.......................................................................3 b. Inner surface of the perigone tube without tubercu- late ramenta....................................................R. patma 3a. Open flower 70–100 cm diameter; ramenta 3–6 mm long, covering the inner surface of perigone tube, except to 2 cm wide plain and smooth zone at the base of the perigone tube..........................R. atjehensis b. Open flower 50–55 cm diameter; ramenta 1.5–3 mm long, only in the mid inner surface of the perigone tube....................................................R. bengkuluensis 4a. Ramenta filiform .......................................................5 b. Ramenta not filiform .................................................6 5a.Flowers 70–120 cm diameter; perigone lobes medium to dark orange, warts large and pale orange interspersed by small ones, upper surface without pubescence; diaphragm aperture 44–47 cm diameter, ca. 0.67 as wide as the diameter of the diaphragm, covered with numerous pale orange warts; ramenta up to 10 mm long, simple or forked, with flattened apices, distributed all over the inner side the flower tube and the lower part of the inner surface of diaphragm; processes 20–50; windows present; anthers 36–40...............................................R. arnoldi b. Flowers 58–63 cm diameter; perigone lobes reddish brown, warts varied, irregular, reddish white, upper part with a very short and dense pubescence; diaphragm aperture 31–33 cm diameter, ca. 0.8 as wide as the diameter of the diaphragm, warts absent; ramenta 3–12 mm long, sometimes branched distributed all over the inner surface of both the flower tube and diaphragm; processes 30–35; 2010] 165 MAT-SALLEH et al.: Rafflesia lawangensis (Rafflesiaceae), a new species from North Sumatra windows absent; anthers 27–28............R. lawangensis 6a. Ramenta crateriform only .........................................7 b. Ramenta crateriform and toadstool-shaped................8 7a. Flowers 30–60 cm diameter; perigone lobes 16–18 cm long, warts varied, larger warts interspersed with smaller ones, light orange; diaphragm aperture 3–9 cm diameter, 0.15 of the diaphragm width; processes 15; anthers 40 ....................................R. micropylora b. Flowers 15–30 cm diameter; perigone lobes 6–9 by 8 –9 cm, warts small, pale orange; diaphragm aperture 5–7 cm, 0.5 of the diaphragm width; processes absent or when present up to 8; anthers 15– 20 ........................................................R. rochussenii 8a. Toadstool ramenta present at the upper part of perigone tube and the lower part of the inner surface of diaphragm; crateriform ramenta found in the lower and middle parts of the perigone tube; perigone lobes red maroon; fewer and larger white warts on the upper perigone lobes sometimes merged, 4–5 large warts across median; anthers 20; flowers 38–70 cm. ..………………….….R. hasseltii b. Toadstool ramenta absent at the perigone tube, but present only at the lower part of inner surface of diaphragm; only crateriform ramenta found in the lower, middle, and upper parts of the inner surface of the perigone tube; perigone lobes red brick color; pale orange wart on the upper perigone lobes sometimes merged, 10–12 large warts across median; anthers 30; flowers 40-46 cm…............R. gadutensis ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This article was dedicated to our beloved mentor, the late Prof. Kamarudin Mat. Salleh, who introduced us to the Rafflesia world. We are very grateful to Ms. Ewa Kamila Grzelzak, who took pictures of R. lawangensis, then sent to Dr. Todd Barkman who finally forwarded to us. We thank to the Ministry of Forestry, the Gunung Leuser National Park for giving permission to conduct research in the Park. We are also thankful to our field guides; Buyung, Pasti, Wawan, Asral, Dewi, Eka, and Wenny, and to the forest rangers of the Gunung Leuser National Park at the Bohorok station. We are very indebted to Mr. Wahyudi Santoso and Mrs. Anne Kusumawaty for preparing the drawings. Thanks for Emer. Prof. Dato' Dr. Abdul Latiff Mohamad, Dr. Todd Barkman, and Dr. J. F. Barcelona for their suggestions and thorough review. Heartly appreciations go to all members of the Rafflesia Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, especially Mrs. Donna Jackson and Mrs. Nery Sofianti for their supports. REFERENCES BARCELONA, J.F., CO. L.L., BALETE, D.S. & BARTOLOME, N. A. 2009. Rafflesia aurantia (Rafflesiaceae) from Northern Luzon, Philippines. Garden’s Bulletin Singapore 61(1): 17–28. BARCELONA, J. F., PELSER, P. B., BALETE, D.S . & CO, L. L. 2009b. Taxonomy, ecology, and conser- vation status of Philipinne Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae). Blume 54: 77–93. BARCELONA, J. F., CAJANO, M.A.O. & HADSALL, S. A. 2006. Rafflesia baletei, another new Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) from Philippines. Kew Bulletin 61: 231–237. BARCELONA, J. F. & FERNANDO, E. S. 2002. A new species of Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) from Panay Island, Philippines. Kew Bulletin 57(3): 647–651. BARCELONA J. F., PELSER, P. B., CABUTAJE, E. M. & BARTOLOME, N. A. 2008. Another new species of Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) from Luzon, Philippines: R. leonardi. Blumea 53: 223–228. FERNANDO, E. S. & ONG, P. S. 2005. The genus Rafflesia R. Br. (Rafflesiaceae) in the Philippinnes. Asia Life Science 14(2) : 263-270. HIDAYATI, S. N., MEIJER, W., BASKIN, J. M. & WALCK, J. L. 2000. A contribution to the life history of the rare Indonesian holoparasite Rafflesia patma (Rafflesiaceae). Biotropica 32(3): 408–414. KOORDERS, S. H. 1918. Botanisch overzicht der Rafflesiaceae van Nederlandsch-Indië. Batavia: G. Kolff & Co. 128 pp. MAT-SALLEH, K. 1991. Rafflesia, magnificent flower of Sabah. Kota Kinibalu. Borneo Publishing Company. MAT-SALLEH, K. & LATIFF, A. 1989. A new species of Rafflesia and other species from Turs Madi Range, Sabah (Borneo). Blumea 34: 111–116. MEIJER, W. 1984. Exploration of Rafflesia. Unpublished manuscript. MEIJER, W. 1997. Rafflesiaceae. Flora Malesiana I, 13: 1–42. Flora Malesiana Foundation, Leiden. NAIS, J. 2001. Rafflesia of the world. Kota Kinabalu: Sabah Park in association with Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd. xvi, 243 pp SOLMS-LAUBACH, H.G. ZU. 1910. Über eine neue Species der Gattung Rafflesia. Annales du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Suppl. 3(1): 1–7. SUSATYA, A., ARIANTO, W. & MAT-SALLEH, K. 2005. Rafflesia bengkuluensis (Rafflesiaceae), a new species from South Sumatra, Indonesia. Folia Malaysiana 6: 139–152. SUSATYA, A. 2007. Taxonomy and ecology of Rafflesia in Bengkulu, Indonesia. PhD thesis. Faculty of Science and Technology, UKM. ZUHUD, A. M., HIKMAT, A. & NUGROHO, Y. A. F. 1994. Eksplorasi ekologi R. rochussenii T. et. Bin. untuk kegiatan konservasi dan penangkarannya di Gunung Salak. Media Konservasi 14(3): 09–22. ZUHUD, A. M., HIKMAT, A. & JAMIL, N. 1998. Rafflesia Indonesia: keanekaragaman, ekologi dan pelestariannya. Bogor: Yayasan Pembina Suaka Alam dan Suaka Margasatwa Indonesia (The Indonesian Wildlife Fund) dan Laboratorium Konservasi Tumbuhan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. REINWARDTIA 166 [VOL.13 ERRATUM REINWARDTIA Vol. 13, Part 1: 38. 2009 Please change the existing incorrect content of Table 5 with the following: Table 5. Ten leading tree species according to the basal area (BA) in a one-hectare plot of a lowland forest at Bodogol, GGPNP; (*) lowland forest species, (**) lowland-montane forest species) No. Species Basal Area (m2) 1 Schima wallichii (**) 2.27 2 Neesia altissima (*) 1.50 3 Luvunga sarmentosa (*) 1.20 4 Altingia excelsa 1.13 5 Pternandra caerulescens (*) 1.13 6 Maesopsis emini (**) 1.03 7 Villebrunea rubescens 0.98 8 Radermachera gigantea (*) 0.93 9 Ficus ribes (**) 0.85 10 Orophea hexandra (**) 0.84 Total 11.84 (52.53 %) INSTRUCTION TO AUTHORS Reinwardtia is a scientific journal on plant taxonomy, plant ecology, and ethnobotany. Manuscript intended for a publication should be written in English represent an article which has not been published in any other journal or proceedings. Every manuscript will be sent to two blind reviewers. Two printed copies (on A4 paper) of the manuscript of not more than 200 pages together with an electronic copy prepared on Word Processor computer program using Time New Romance letter type and saved in Rich Text File must be submitted. For the style of presentation, authors should follow the latest issue of Reinwardtia very closely. Title of the article should be followed by author’s name and mailing address in one-paragraphed English abstract of not more than 250 words. Keywords should be given below each abstract. On a separated paper, author(s) should send the preferred running title of the article submitted. Taxonomic identification key should be prepared using the aligned couplet type. Strict adherence to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature is observed, so that taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties should be clearly shown. Latin description for new taxon proposed should be provided and the herbaria where the type specimens area deposited should be presented in the long form that is name of taxon, author’s name, year of publication, abbreviated journal or book title, volume, number and page. Map, line drawing illustration, or photograph preferably should be prepared in landscape presentation to occupy two columns. Illustration must be submitted as original art accompanying, but separated from the manuscript. On electronic copy, the illustration should be saved in jpg or gif format at least 350 pixels. Legends or illustration must be submitted separately at the end of the manuscript. Bibliography, list of literature cited or references follow the Harvard system. REINWARDTIA Vol. 13. No. 2. 2010 CONTENTS Page HARRY WIRIADINATA & RISMITA SARI. A new species of Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) from North Sumatra ………………………………………………………………………..……………….. 95 ARY P. KEIM. A new species of Freycinetia (Pandanaceae) from Papua New Guinea………………… 101 ROBERT GRADSTEIN et al. Bryophytes of Mount Patuha, West Java, Indonesia……………………... 107 ABDULROKHMAN KARTONEGORO & J. F. VELDKAMP. Revision of Dissochaeta (Melastomataceae) in Java, Indonesia………………………………………………………...…………… 125 NURSAHARA PASARIBU. Two new species of Freycinetia (Pandanaceae) from Sumatra, Indonesia………………………………………………………………………………………………….... 147 ARY P. KEIM. & M. RAHAYU. Pandanaceae of Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia................ 151 K. MAT-SALEH, RIDHA MAHYUNI, AGUS SUSATYA, J. F. VELDKAMP. Rafflesia lawangensis (Rafflesiaceae), a new species from Bukit Lawang, Gunung Leuser National Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia.............................................................................................................................. 159 J. F. VELDKAMP & R. M. K. SAUNDERS. Goniothalamus tripetalus (Lam.) Veldk. & R. M. K. Saunders (Annonaceae), comb. nov. .......................................................................................... 167 M. M. J. VAN BALGOOY. An updated survey of Malesian Seed Plants Families..................................... 171 NURHAIDAH IRIANY SINAGA. Two new species of Freycinetia (Pandanaceae) from Manokwari, West Papua ............................................................................................................................... 183 NURHAIDAH IRIANY SINAGA, RITA MEGIA, ALEX HARTANA & ARY PRIHARDHYANTO KEIM. The ecology and distribution of Freycinetia Gaud. (Pandanaceae; Freycinetoideae) in the Indonesian New Guinea................................................................................................................................ 189 EIZI SUZUKI. Tree flora on freshwater wet habitats in lowland of Borneo: Does wetness cool the sites.. 199 NANDA UTAMI & HARRY WIRIADINATA. Impatiens mamasensis (Balsaminaceae), a new Species from West Celebes, Indonesia.......................................................................................................... 211 M. ARDIYANI, A. D. POULSEN, P. SUKSATHAN, F. BORCHSENIUS. Marantaceae in Sulawesi..... 213 Reinwardtia is a LIPI acredited Journal (258/AU 1/P2MBI/05/2010) Herbarium Bogoriense Botany Division Research Centre for Biology – LIPI Cibinong, Indonesia REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_1-1 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_2-2 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_67-67 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_68-68 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_69-69 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_70-70 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_71-71 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_72-72 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_73-73 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_74-74 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_129-129 REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010_130-130