REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010
RE
IN
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AR
DT
IA
13 (2)
A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY,
PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
ISSN 0034 – 365 X
REINWARDTIA
A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY
PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
Vol. 13(2): 95 — 220, November 2, 2010
Chief Editor
KARTINI KRAMADIBRATA
Editors
DEDY DARNAEDI
TUKIRIN PARTOMIHARDJO
JOENI SETIJO RAHAJOE
TEGUH TRIONO
MARLINA ARDIYANI
EIZI SUZUKI
JUN WEN
Managing editors
ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA
HIMMAH RUSTIAMI
Secretary
ENDANG TRI UTAMI
Lay out
DEDEN SUMIRAT HIDAYAT
Ilustrators
SUBARI
WAHYU SANTOSO
ANNE KUSUMAWATY
Reviewers
R. ABDULHADI, SANDY ATKINS, JULIE F. BARCELONA, TODD J. BARKMAN, NICO CELLINESE, MARK
COODE, GUDRUN KADEREIT, ROGIER DE KOCK, N. FUKUOKA, KUSWATA KARTAWINATA, ARY P. KEIM, P.
J. A. KESSLER, A. LATIFF–MOHAMAD, M. A. RIFAI, RUGAYAH, H. SOEDJITO, T. SETYAWATI, D. G. STONE,
WAYNE TAKEUCHI, BENITO C. TAN, J. F. VELDKAMP, P. VAN WELZEN, H. WIRIADINATA, RUI-LIANG ZHU.
Correspondence on editorial matters and subscriptions for Reinwardtia should be addressed to:
HERBARIUM BOGORIENSE, BOTANY DIVISION,
RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY– LIPI,
CIBINONG 16911, INDONESIA
Email: reinwardtia@mail.lipi.go.id
REINWARDTIA
Vol 13, No 2, pp: 171 − 181
171
complete overhaul of the Scrophulariaceae and the
removal of Calophyllum from the Clusiaceae.
In writing this update Mabberley’s Plantbook
was indispensable (Mabberley o.c.). New insights
provided by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group
(Chase o.c.) have also been incorporated. The last
word in family classification is far from being said.
Continued molecular research will no doubt lead to
new family arrangements. By providing this survey
I can do no more than provide a snapshot of current
views, thus enabling users of my books to place
their taxa in the “correct” family.
In the family survey the number preceding the
family name refers to the comments following the
survey. The number following the family name
indicates the number of genera in the family
represented in Malesia by indigenous species. This
figure is largely based on the checklist by Van
Steenis (1987). The figure in brackets is the number
of naturalized genera. An asterix (*) before a name
means that the family was not recognized in my
seed plant books. The name in brackets following a
name indicates the family upon which the new
family is based. Examples: *Achariaceae
(Flacourtiaceae p.p.) means that the new family
Achariaceae contains part of the genera formerly
placed in Flacourtiaceae. A family no longer
AN UPDATED SURVEY OF MALESIAN SEED PLANTS FAMILIES
Received April 29, 2010; accepted September 6, 2010
M.M.J. VAN BALGOOY
NCB Naturalis, Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis (section NHN), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9514, 2300
RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
VAN BALGOOY,M.M.J. 2010. An updated survey of Malesian Seed Plants Families. Reinwardtia 13(2): 171–
181. — The conservative family concept has been adopted on the Malesian Seed Plants Families I – III to show the
visible characters to help identify specimen herbarium of the Malesian Plants. During a new classification of orders and
families of flowering plants based on the molecular data has been leaded, some changes in family delimitation have
occurred. By providing this family survey, the users of Malesian Seed Plants book can place their taxa in the correct
family.
Key words: Malesian, Seed Plants, family, survey.
ABSTRAK
VAN BALGOOY,M. M. J. 2010. Survai pembaruan buku Malesian Seed Plants. Reinwardtia 13(2):171–181. —
Konsep suku yang konservatif digunakan dalam buku “Malesian Seed Plants Families I – III” untuk menunjukkan ciri
yang mudah dilihat untuk membantu mengidentifikasi specimen herbarium untuk tumbuhan dari kawasan Malesia.
Selama klassifikasi baru untuk bangsa dan suku dari tumbuhan berbunga yang didasarkan pada data molekular
digunakan, beberapa perubahan dalam batasan suku terjadi. Dengan mengadakan survai suku ini, pengguna buku
Malesian Seed Plants dapat meletakkan taksanya dalam suku yang betul.
Kata kunci: Malesian, Seed Plants, famili, survai.
INTRODUCTION
In my handbooks for recognition of Malesian
Seed plants (Van Balgooy 1997, 1998, 2001) I
adopted a conservative family concept. These
publications were mainly intended to help identify
herbarium material of Malesian plants by means of
characters visible with some training, experience
and perseverance. Apparently these books fill a
need and I have been assured from various sides
that they are frequently being consulted. A CD
version (Malesian Key Group, 2004) does not seem
to enjoy the same popularity.
Recent molecular research has resulted in a new
classification of orders and families of flowering
plants (Mabberley 2008, Chase 2009). Some of the
changes in family delimitation were expected on
morphological grounds. Examples: the inclusion of
Asclepiadaceae in Apocynaceae, the transfer of
many Verbenaceae genera to the Lamiaceae, and
the merging of Bombacaceae, Malvaceae,
Sterculiaceae and Tiliaceae into a single family
Malvaceae. As could be predicted the Liliaceae and
Saxifragaceae have been dismembered. However,
some of the changes are not so evident from a
morphological viewpoint such as the inclusion of
many Flacourtiaceae genera in the Salicaceae, the
REINWARDTIA 172 [VOL.13
recognized is indicated by “see”. Example:
Flacourtiaceae see Achariaceae and Salicaceae. A
family name in brackets is an alternative name e.g.
Poaceae (Graminae). It can also mean that the
family in brackets was considered distinct in my
books. Example Amaranthaceae (Chenopodiaceae).
An arrow (↑) following a name means that the
family is represented in Malesia by naturalized
species e.g. Cactaceae of which some species have
firmly established themselves in the vegetation.
Families represented only by cultivated non-
naturalized species have not been included, e.g.
Caricaceae. A family or genus represented by both
naturalized and native species is considered native.
Family survey
Notes Family Naturalized Number of
Genera native Genera
1 Acanthaceae (Verbenaceae pp., Avicennia) (5) 40
54 Aceraceae see Sapindaceae
2 * Achariaceae (Flacourtiaceae p.p.) 7
3 * Acoraceae (Araceae p.p.) 1
Actinidiaceae 2
Agavaceae see Asparagaceae
Aizoaceae 4
Alangiaceae see Cornaceae
Alismataceae (Butomaceae p.p.,
Limnocharitaceae)
(1)
5
Alseuosmiaceae 1
4 * Altingiaceae (Hamamelidaceae p.p.) 1
5 Amaranthaceae (Chenopodiaceae) (4) 20
6 Amaryllidaceae (1) 4
Anacardiaceae 22
Ancistrocladaceae 1
7 * Anisophylleaceae (Rhizophoraceae p.p.) 2
Annonaceae 50
8 Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) (4) 10
9 Apocynaceae (Asclepiadaceae) (4) 83
Aponogetonaceae 1
Aquifoliaceae 1
10 Araceae (Lemnaceae) (4) 45
11 Araliaceae 14
Araucariaceae (Coniferales p.p.) 2
Arecaceae (Palmae) 50
Aristolochiaceae 2
Asclepiadaceae see Apocynaceae
12 Asparagaceae (Agavaceae) (1) 12
13 * Asteliaceae (Liliaceae p.p.) 1
Asteraceae (Compositae) (30) 64
14 * Atherospermataceae (Monimiaceae p.p.) 1
Balanophoraceae 4
Balsaminaceae 2
Basellaceae ↑ (2)
2010] 173 VAN BALGOOY : An updated survey of Malesian Seed Plants Families,
Notes Family Naturalized Number of
Genera native Genera
Bataceae 1
Begoniaceae 2
Berberidaceae 2
Bignoniaceae (3) 14
15 Bixaceae (Cochlospermaceae) 1
Bombacaceae see Malvaceae
16 * Bonnetiaceae (Theaceae p.p.) 1
17 Boraginaceae (Hydrophyllaceae) 15
Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) (2) 3
Burmanniaceae 3
Burseraceae 9
Butomaceae see Alismataceae
Buxaceae 2
Byblidaceae 1
Cabombaceae (Nymphaeaceae p.p.) (1) 1
Cactaceae ↑ (1)
Calceolariaceae ↑ (Scrophulariaceae p.p.) (1)
Calophyllaceae (Clusiaceae p.p.) 1
Callitrichaceae see Plantaginaceae
Campanulaceae 5
18 Cannabaceae (Ulmaceae p.p.) (1) 5
Cannaceae ↑ (1)
Capparaceae 5
19 Caprifoliaceae (Dipsacaceae, Valerianaceae) 5
Cardiopteridaceae 1
19 * Carlemanniacee (Caprifoliaceae p.p.) 1
Cartonemaceae see Commelinaceae
Caryophyllaceae (2) 8
Casuarinaceae 3
20 Celastraceae 16
Centrolepidaceae 2
20 * Centroplacaceae (Celastraceae p.p. Bhesa) 1
Ceratophyllaceae 1
Chenopodiaceae see Amaranthaceae
Chloranthaceae 4
Chrysobalanaceae 7
* Cleomaceae (Capparaceae p.p.) 1
Clethraceae 1
21 Clusiaceae (Guttiferae) 4
Cochlospermaceae see Bixaceae
22 * Colchicaceae (Liliaceae p.p.) 4
Combretaceae 5
Commelinaceae (Cartonemaceae) 11
REINWARDTIA 174 [VOL.13
Notes Family Naturalized Number of
Genera native Genera
Coniferales see Araucariaceae, Cupressaceae,
Pinaceae, Podocarpaceae and Taxaceae
Connaraceae 5
Convolvulaceae (2) 20
Coriariaceae 1
23 Cornaceae (Alangiaceae, Nyssaceae) 3
Corsiaceae 1
Corynocarpaceae 1
Costaceae 2
Crassulaceae 2
Cruciferae see Brassicaceae
Crypteroniaceae 3
24 * Ctenolophonaceae (Linaceae p.p.) 1
Cucurbitaceae (8) 29
Cunoniaceae 9
Cupressaceae (Coniferales p.p.) 1
Cycadaceae 1
* Cymodoceaceae (Potamogetonaceae p.p.) 4
Cyperaceae 30
Daphniphyllaceae 1
61 Datiscaceae 1
Dichapetalaceae 1
Dilleniaceae 5
Dioscoreaceae 3
Dipsacaceae see Caprifoliaceae
Dipterocarpaceae 10
Droseraceae 2
Ebenaceae 1
Elaeagnaceae 1
Elaeocarpaceae 5
Elatinaceae 2
25 Epacridaceae see Ericaceae
25 Ericaceae (Epacridaceae) 15
Eriocaulaceae 1
26 * Erythropalaceae (Olacaceae p.p.) 3
Erythroxylaceae 1
27 * Escaloniaceae 1
28 Euphorbiaceae (3) 69
Eupomatiacae 1
Fabaceae (Leguminosae) (18) 130
29 Fagaceae 4
30 Flacourtiaceae see Achariaceae and Salicaceae
Flagellariaceae 1
31 * Gelsemiaceae (Loganiaceae p.p.) 1
2010] 175 VAN BALGOOY : An updated survey of Malesian Seed Plants Families,
Notes
Family
Naturalized
Genera
Number of
native Genera
Gentianaceae 10
Geraniaceae 1
Gesneriaceae 28
Gnetaceae 2
Goodeniaceae 5
Gramineae see Poaceae
32 * Gunneraceae (Haloragaceae p.p.) 1
Guttiferae see Clusiaceae
Haemodoraceae 1
32 Haloragaceae 3
Hamamelidaceae 6
33 * Hanguanaceae (Agavaceae p.p.) 1
Heliconiaceae (Strelitzeaceae p.p.) 1
Hemerocallidaceae see Xanthorrhoeaceae
Hernandiaceae 3
Himantandraceae 1
55 * Hydrangeaceae (Saxifragaceae p.p.) 3
Hydrocharitaceae 10
17 * Hydroleaceae (Hydrophyllaceae p.p.) 1
17 Hydrophyllaceae see Hydroleaceae
* Hypericaceae (Clusiaceae p.p.) 2
* Hypoxidaceae (Amaryllidaceae p.p.) 2
34 Icacinaceae 20
Illiciaceae see Schisandraceae
Iridaceae (3) 2
57 * Irvingiaceae (Simaroubaceae p.p.) 1
55 * Iteaceae (Saxifragaceae p.p.) 1
35 * Ixonanthaceae (Linaceae p.p.) 2
* Joinvilleaceae (Flagellariaceae p.p.) 1
Juglandaceae 1
Juncaceae 2
Juncaginaceae 1
Lamiaceae (Labiatae) 45
Lauraceae 21
Lecythidaceae 6
Leeaceae see Vitaceae
Lemnaceae see Araceae
Lentibulariaceae 1
36 Liliaceae 2
37 Linaceae 3
56 * Linderniaceae (Scrophulariaceae p.p.) 6
38 Loganiaceae 9
Lophopyxidaceae 1
Loranthaceae 25
REINWARDTIA 176 [VOL.13
Notes Family Naturalized Number of
Genera native Genera
Lowiaceae 1
39 Lythraceae (Sonneratiaceae, Trapaceae) (3) 8
40 Magnoliaceae 1
Malpighiaceae 5
41 Malvaceae (Bombacaceae, Sterculiaceae,
Tiliaceae)
(10) 45
Marantaceae 8
Melastomataceae (3) 35
Meliaceae 20
Menispermaceae 25
Menyanthaceae 2
* Mitrastemonaceae (Rafflesiaceae p.p.) 1
Molluginaceae 2
Monimiaceae 11
Moraceae (2) 14
Moringaceae ↑ (1)
Musaceae 2
42 * Myodocarpaceae (Araliaceae p.p.) 1
56 Myoporaceae see Scrophulariaceae
Myricaceae 1
Myristicaceae 6
Myrsinaceae see Primulaceae
Myrtaceae (2) 34
Najadaceae see Hydrocharitaceae
36 * Narthesiaceae (Liliaceae p.p.) 1
* Nelumbonaceae (Nymphaeaceae p.p.) 1
Nepenthaceae 1
43 * Nothofagaceae (Fagaceae p.p.) 1
Nyctaginaceae 2
Nymphaeaceae 1
Nyssaceae see Cornaceae
Ochnaceae 9
44 Olacaceae 4
Oleaceae 8
Onagraceae (1) 2
Opiliaceae 7
Orchidaceae 207
56 Orobanchaceae 8
Oxalidaceae 4
Palmae see Arecaceae
28 * Pandaceae (Euphorbiaceae p.p.) 2
Pandanaceae 3
Papaveraceae ↑ (1)
45 * Paracryphiaceae (Saxifragaceae p.p.,
Sphenostemonaceae)
2
Passifloraceae (Turneraceae ↑) (2) 4
2010] 177 VAN BALGOOY : An updated survey of Malesian Seed Plants Families,
Notes Family Naturalized Number of
Genera native Genera
* Paulowniaceae (Scrophulariaceae p.p.) 1
Pedaliaceae 1
Pentaphragmataceae 1
46 Pentaphyllacaceae (Theaceae p.p.) 2
Pentastemonaceae see Stemonaceae
36 * Petrosaviaceae (Liliaceae p.p.) 1
47 Philesiaceae 1
Philydraceae 2
56 * Phrymaceae (Scrophulariaceae p.p.) 2
28 * Phyllanthaceae (Euphorbiaceae p.p.) 18
Phytolaccaceae ↑ (2)
28 * Picrodendraceae (Euphorbiaceae p.p.) 4
Pinaceae (Coniferales p.p.) 1
Piperaceae 4
Pittosporaceae 3
48 Plantaginaceae (5) 16
Plumbaginaceae 2
Poaceae (Graminae) (23) 155
Podocarpaceae (Coniferales p.p.) 6
Podostemaceae 3
Polygalaceae 6
Polygonaceae 4
Pontederiaceae 1
Portulacaceae 2
49 Potamogetonaceae 2
50 Primulaceae (Myrsinaceae) 19
Proteaceae 9
Punicaceae * (1)
28 * Putranjivaceae (Euphorbiaceae p.p.) 1
Rafflesiaceae 2
Ranunculaceae 5
Restionaceae 1
Rhamnaceae 11
7 Rhizophoraceae 7
* Ripogonaceae (Smilacaceae p.p.) 1
Rosaceae 12
51 * Rousseaceae (Saxifragaceae p.p.) 1
Rubiaceae (4) 140
* Ruppiaceae (Potamogetonaceae p.p.) 1
Rutaceae 39
Sabiaceae 2
52 Salicaceae (Flacourtiaceae p.p.,
Scyphostegiaceae)
13
Salvadoraceae 1
53 Santalaceae (Viscaceae) 13
REINWARDTIA 178 [VOL.13
Notes Family Naturalized Number of
Genera native Genera
54 Sapindaceae (Aceraceae) (2) 40
Sapotaceae (Sarcospermaceae) 15
Saururaceae 1
55 Saxifragaceae 1
Schisandraceae (Illiciaceae) 3
44 * Schoepfiaceae (Olacaceae p.p.) 1
56 Scrophulariaceae (Loganiaceae p.p., Myoporaceae) 2
Scyphostegiaceae see Salicaceae
57 Simaroubaceae 7
Smilacaceae 2
Solanaceae (7) 1
Sonneratiaceae see Lythraceae
Sparganiaceae seeTyphaceae
Sphenocleaceae 1
Stackhousiaceae see Celastraceae
Staphyleaceae 1
58 Stemonaceae (Pentastemonaceae) 3
* Stemonuraceae (Icacinaceae p.p.) 1
Sterculiaceae see Malvaceae
59 Strelitzeaceae ↑ see Heliconiaceae (2)
Stylidiaceae 1
Styracaceae 2
57 * Surianaceae (Simaroubaceae p.p.) 1
Symplocaceae 1
Taccaceae 1
Taxacaceae (Coniferales p.p.) 1
60 * Tetrameristaceae (Theaceae p.p.) 1
61 * Tetramelaceae (Datiscaceae p.p.) 1
60 Theaceae 8
Thymelaeaceae 12
Tiliaceae see Malvaceae
11 * Torricelliaceae (Araliaceae p.p.) 1
Trapaceae see Lythraceae
Trigoniaceae 1
Trimeniaceae 1
Triuridaceae 1
Turneraceae ↑ see Passifloraceae
62 Typhaceae (Sparganiaceae) 2
63 Ulmaceae 1
Umbelliferae see Apiaceae
Urticaceae 25
Valerianaceae see Caprifoliaceae
64 Verbenaceae ↑ (5)
Violaceae 4
53 Viscaceae see Santalaceae
65 Vitaceae (Leeaceae) 9
Winteraceae 12
66 Xanthorrhoeaceae (Hemerocallidaceae) 6
Xyridaceae 1
Zingiberaceae 25
* Zosteraceae (Potamogetonaceae p.p.) 1
Zygophyllaceae 1
Umbelliferae see Apiaceae
Urticaceae 25
2010] 179 VAN BALGOOY : An updated survey of Malesian Seed Plants Families,
In his checklist Van Steenis recognized 239
families of which 23 only were represented by
naturalized or cultivated species, thus accepting 216
native families. In my plant books I adopted a
slightly less conservative family concept and
accepted 235 families of which 8 only are
represented by naturalized species. In the present
survey there are 255 indigenous and 10 naturalized
families. Van Steenis listed 2382 genera with
indigenous species, whereas in the present survey
2403 genera are accepted and 191 genera only
represented by naturalized species..
Notes
1 Avicennia, now placed in Acanthaceae
(formerly in Verbenaceae or in Avicenniaceae)
differs from the rest of the family by the
following features: mangrove trees with
breathing roots, no cystoliths, viviparous.
2 Achariaceae split off from Flacourtiaceae
accommodates the following genera:
Eleutherandra, Erythrospermum, Hydnocarpus,
Pangium, Ryparosa, Scaphocalyx and
Trichadenia. See also notes 30 and 52.
3 Acorus is removed from Araceae, recognizable
by its Iris like leaves. See also note 10.
4 Altingia, removed from Hamamelidaceae is
placed in a monospecific family.
5 Amaranthaceae now harbours the genera
formerly in Chenopodiaceae.
6 Allium ↑ treated as Liliaceae in Mal. Seed Pl. is
now in Amaryllidaceae.
7 Anisophyllea and Combretocarpus are placed in
a separate family from Rhizophoraceae as was
expected. The leaves are alternate in
A n i s o p h y l l a c e a e a n d o p p o s i t e i n
Rhizophoraceae.
8 Mackinlaya, formerly in Araliacea, has been
moved to Apiaceae.
9 As could be predicted Apocynaceae now
includes the Asclepiadaceae.
10 Acorus has been removed from the Araceae
but the Lemnaceae are added.
11 Aralidium, placed with some doubt in
Araliaceae, is now in a separate family.
Mackinlaya is now in Apiaceae and Delarbrea
is now in a separate family, Myodocarpaceae.
12 Asparagaceae now accommodates some
genera formerly placed in other families:
Cordyline and Dracaena (ex Agavaceae),
Arthropodium, Asparagus, Chlorophytum,
Disporopsis, Liriope, Ophiopogon,
Peliosanthes, Thysanotus and Tupistra (ex
Liliaceae).
13 Astelia, formerly in Liliaceae, is now in
Asteliaceae.
14 Atherospermataceae now harbours
Dryadodaphne (ex Monimiaceae)
15 Next to the cultivated Bixa, the Bixaceae now
harbours Cochlospermum.
16 Ploiarium, formerly in Theaceae, is now in
Bonnetiaceae as has been suggested before.
17 Hydrophyllaceae has been reduced to
Boraginaceae, but the sole representative of
the family in Malesia, Hydrolea, has been
placed in a separate family. The aberrant genus
Pteleocarpa is retained in Boraginaceae.
18 Cannabaceae, so far only represented by the
cultivated Cannabis, has been expanded to
include several genera formerly in Ulmaceae:
Aphananthe, Celtis, Gironniera, Parasponia
and Trema. See also note 62.
19 Caprifoliaceae now also harbours Triplostegia
(ex Dipsacaceae) and Valeriana (ex
Valerianaceae) but Carlemannia is placed in a
separate family.
20 Bhesa, easily recognized within the
Celastraceae by its bipulvinate petiole and
scalariform venation is placed in a separate
family (Centroplacaceae). Stackhousia (Stack-
Notes Family Naturalized Number of
Genera native Genera
Valerianaceae see Caprifoliaceae
64 Verbenaceae ↑ (5)
Violaceae 4
53 Viscaceae see Santalaceae
65 Vitaceae (Leeaceae) 9
Winteraceae 12
66 Xanthorrhoeaceae (Hemerocallidaceae) 6
Xyridaceae 1
Zingiberaceae 25
* Zosteraceae (Potamogetonaceae p.p.) 1
Zygophyllaceae 1
REINWARDTIA 180 [VOL.13
housiaceae) and Parnassia (formerly Saxi-
fragaceae) have been added to the
Celastraceae.
21 Calophyllum is removed from Clusiaceae.
22 Colchicaceae accommodates part of the former
Liliaceae: Disporum, Gloriosa, Iphigenia and
Schellhammera. See also note 36.
23 Cornaceae, apart from Mastixia, now also
harbours Alangium (Alangiaceae) and Nyssa
(Nyssaceae).
24 Ctenolophon, uncomfortably lodged in
Linaceae is now in a family of its own. See also
note 37.
25 Epacridaceae has been sunk in Ericaceae, but
can easily be told apart by the very close
longitudinal venation.
26 Erythropalum, as expected is removed from
Olacaceae, and is rather unexpectedly joined
by Scorodocarpus and Strombosia, in a
separate family.
27 Polyosma (ex Saxifragaceae) is the sole
representative of the Escalloniaceae in Malesia.
See also note 55.
28 Euphorbiaceae has always been a notoriously
difficult family. During pre-identification
sessions, whenever coming across an unknown
specimen I used to say mockingly: “If in doubt
say Euphorbiaceae”. More often than once the
guess proved to be correct. The removal of
several genera to other families makes the
family slightly less heterogeneous.
Pandaceae: Galearia, Microdesmis.
Phyllanthaceae: Actephila, Antidesma, Aporo-
sa, Baccaurea, Bischofia, Breynia, Bri-
delia, Dicoelia, Distichirops, Cleistanthus,
Flueggea, Glochidion, Hymenocardia, Lep-
topus, Margaritaria, Nothobaccaurea,
Phyllanthus and Sauropus.
Picrodendraceae: Austrobuxus, Choriceras,
Kairothamnus and Petalostigma
Putranjivaceae: Drypetes.
29 As has been suggested before Nothofagus is
removed from Fagaceae.
30 Flacourtiaceae has ceased to exist. Flacourtia,
along with most other genera, has been
transferred to Salicaceae, seven have moved to
Achariacea. See note 2. Paropsia now belongs
to the Passifloraceae.
31 Gelsemium is removed from Loganiaceae. See
also note 38.
32 Gunnera as has often been suggested before has
been removed from Haloragaceae.
33 After moving from one family to another,
Hanguana is now placed in a family of its own.
34 Stemonurus, formerly in Icacinaceae, is now in
a separate family.
35 Ixonanthaceae split of from Linaceae also
harbours Allanthospermum, formerly in
Simaroubaceae.
36 Liliaceae has always been a catchall for
doubtfully related genera. The genera accepted
as belonging in this family in Mal. Seed Pl. are
now placed as follows:
Asparagaceae, see note 12
Asteliaceae, see note 13
Colchicaceae, see note 22
Narthesiaceae: Aletris
Xanthorrhoeaceae, see note 65.
37 Linaceae is represented by Hugonia,
Indorouchera and Philbornea. See notes 24 and
35.
38 Several genera removed from Loganiaceae are
back in the family, but Buddleja is now in
Scrophulariaceae (see note 56) and Gelsemium
in Gelsemiaceae. See note 31.
39 Lythraceae now includes the widely different
Sonneratiaceae and Trapaceae.
40 All genera of the family in Malesia have been
reduced to a single genus, Magnolia.
41 The enlarged family Malvaceae now comprises
four families which have always been difficult
to tell apart. On the other hand it has also been
suggested to recognize ten families instead of
one.
42 Delarbrea is now in a separate family. See also
note 11.
43 Similarly Nothofagus has been removed from
the Fagaceae.
44 Erythropalaceae (see note 26) and
Schoepfiaceae (Schoepfia) have been split off
from Olacaceae.
45 The Malesian genera of this new family are
Quintinia (ex Saxifragaceae) and
Sphenostemon (ex Sphenostemonaceae).
46 Ternstroemia (ex Theaceae) is now in
Pentaphyllacaceae.
47 Eustrephus is the only genus in Philesiaceae.
Geitonoplesium has been moved to
Xanthorrhoeaceae.
48 Plantaginaceae now harbours several genera
formerly placed in other families: Callitriche
(Callitrichaceae), Bacopa, Brookea, Detzneria,
Limnophila, Parahebe and Veronica
(Scrophulariaceae). See also note 56.
49 Cymodoceaceae, Ruppiaceae and Zosteraceae
have been split off from Potamogetonaceae,
which now only harbours Potamogeton and
Zannichelia.
50 Myrsinaceae, including Maesa, have been sunk
in Primulaceae.
51 Carpodetus (ex Saxifragaceae) is placed in a
separate family Rousseaceae. See also note 55.
52 Salicaceae has been considerably enlarged by
2010] 181 VAN BALGOOY : An updated survey of Malesian Seed Plants Families,
Scyphostegia (Scyphostegiaceae) and the
inclusion of most genera formerly in
Flacourtiaceae. See also note 2.
53 Viscaceae is now part of the Santalaceae.
54 Acer now placed in the Sapindaceae can easily
be distinguished from the rest of the family by
its opposite leaves.
55 Dismemberment of the Saxifragaceae was to be
expected. The only genus remaining in the
family is Astilbe. The other genera have found
other families:
Carpodetus (Rousseaceae)
Deutzia, Dichroa and Hydrangea (Hydra-
ngeaceae)
Itea (Iteaceae)
Polyosma (Escalloniaceae)
Quintinia (Paracryphiaceae)
56 The only indigenous genera of Scrophula-
riaceae are Buddleja (formerly Loganiaceae)
and Myoporum (formerly Myoporaceae). All
other genera have been moved to other
families:
Linderniaceae (i.e. Microcarpaea, Picria and
Torenia)
Orobanchaceae (i.e. Buchnera, Centranthera,
Euphrasia and Striga)
Paulowniaceae (Wightia)
Phrymaceae (Mazus, Mimulus)
Plantaginaceae see note 48.
57 As expected Simaroubaceae has also
undergone changes:
Allantospermum is now in Ixonanthaceae,
Harrisonia in Rutaceae, Irvingia in
Irvingiaceae, Suriana in Surianaceae. The
remaining 6 genera are retained in the family.
58 Pentastemon sunk into Stemonaceae can easily
be distinguished from the rest of the family by
being five-numerous instead of two-merous.
59 Strelitzeaceae is only represented in Malesia by
introduced species (Ravenala and Strelitzea).
Heliconia is now in Heliconiaceae.
60 Some genera formerly in Theaceae have now
moved to other families: Ploiarium to
Bonnetiaceae, Ternstroemia to Pentaphylla-
caceae and Tetramerista to Tetrameristaceae.
61 Tetrameles (ex Datiscaceae) is now in a
separate family.
62 Sparganium despite completely different
inflorescence is placed in Typhaceae.
63 Most genera formerly in Ulmaceae have been
transferred to Cannabaceae. Only Ulmus
remains. See note 18.
64 If Phyla is native in Malesia it is the only
representative of the Verbenaceae. All
indigenous genera formerly in Verbenaceae are
now in Lamiaceae.
65 Leeaceae (only genus Leea) once split off from
Vitaceae is now back in that family.
66 Xanthorrhoeaceae, formerly only represented
in Malesia by Lomandra and Romnalda has
been expanded to include Geitonoplesium (ex
Philesiaceae), Caesia, Dianella and Tricoryne
(ex Liliaceae).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to thank Mark Coode and Sandy Atkins for
reading and correcting the original manuscript and the
following persons for providing information on the
numbers of indigenous genera in their respective
families: Frits Adema (Fabaceae), Peter Boyce
(Araceae), Sigrid Liede (Asclepiadaceae), David
Middleton (Apocynaceae and Gesneriaceae), Mark
Newman (Zingiberaceae), Ed de Vogel (Orchidaceae),
Peter van Welzen (Euphorbiaceae s.l.), Elizabeth A.
Widjaja and Jan-Frits Veldkamp (Poaceae) and Brigitta
and Willem de Wilde (Cucurbitaceae). Last but not least
I am grateful to Hanneke de Wolf for typing out the
manuscript.
REFERENCES
CHASE, M.W. et al. 2009. An update of the Angiosperm
Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and
families of flowering plants: APG III. Bot. Journl.
Linn. Soc. 161: 105—121.
MABBERLEY, D. J. 2008. Mabberley’s Plant Book. A
Portable dictionary of plants, their classification and
uses. Edition 3. Cambridge Univ. Press xviii + 1021
pp.
THE MALESIAN KEY GROUP. 2004. Interactive key
to Malesian Seed Plants. Nation. Herb. Nederl.
Leiden/Royal Bot. Gard. Kew.
VAN BALGOOY, M. M. J. 1997. Malesian Seed Plants
I. Spot-characters. Rijksherb./ Hortus Bot. Leiden.
154 pp.
VAN BALGOOY, M. M. J. 1998. Malesian Seed Plants
II. Portraits of Tree families. Rijksherb./Hortus Bot.
Leiden 307 pp.
VAN BALGOOY, M. M. J. 2001. Malesian Seed Plants
III. Portraits of non-tree families. Nation. Herb.
Nederl. Leiden, 260 pp.
VAN STEENIS, C. G. G. J. 1987. Checklist of generic
names in Malesian Botany. Flora Malesiana
Foundation, Leiden, 162 pp.
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REINWARDTIA
Vol. 13. No. 2. 2010
CONTENTS
Page
HARRY WIRIADINATA & RISMITA SARI. A new species of Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae)
from North Sumatra ………………………………………………………………………..……………….. 95
ARY P. KEIM. A new species of Freycinetia (Pandanaceae) from Papua New Guinea………………… 101
ROBERT GRADSTEIN et al. Bryophytes of Mount Patuha, West Java, Indonesia……………………... 107
ABDULROKHMAN KARTONEGORO & J. F. VELDKAMP. Revision of Dissochaeta
(Melastomataceae) in Java, Indonesia………………………………………………………...…………… 125
NURSAHARA PASARIBU. Two new species of Freycinetia (Pandanaceae) from Sumatra,
Indonesia………………………………………………………………………………………………….... 147
ARY P. KEIM. & M. RAHAYU. Pandanaceae of Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia................ 151
K. MAT-SALEH, RIDHA MAHYUNI, AGUS SUSATYA, J. F. VELDKAMP. Rafflesia
lawangensis (Rafflesiaceae), a new species from Bukit Lawang, Gunung Leuser National Park,
North Sumatra, Indonesia.............................................................................................................................. 159
J. F. VELDKAMP & R. M. K. SAUNDERS. Goniothalamus tripetalus (Lam.) Veldk.
& R. M. K. Saunders (Annonaceae), comb. nov. .......................................................................................... 167
M. M. J. VAN BALGOOY. An updated survey of Malesian Seed Plants Families..................................... 171
NURHAIDAH IRIANY SINAGA. Two new species of Freycinetia (Pandanaceae) from
Manokwari, West Papua ............................................................................................................................... 183
NURHAIDAH IRIANY SINAGA, RITA MEGIA, ALEX HARTANA & ARY PRIHARDHYANTO
KEIM. The ecology and distribution of Freycinetia Gaud. (Pandanaceae; Freycinetoideae) in the
Indonesian New Guinea................................................................................................................................ 189
EIZI SUZUKI. Tree flora on freshwater wet habitats in lowland of Borneo: Does wetness cool the sites.. 199
NANDA UTAMI & HARRY WIRIADINATA. Impatiens mamasensis (Balsaminaceae), a new
Species from West Celebes, Indonesia.......................................................................................................... 211
M. ARDIYANI, A. D. POULSEN, P. SUKSATHAN, F. BORCHSENIUS. Marantaceae in Sulawesi..... 213
Reinwardtia is a LIPI acredited Journal (258/AU 1/P2MBI/05/2010)
Herbarium Bogoriense
Botany Division
Research Centre for Biology – LIPI
Cibinong, Indonesia
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