REINWARDTIA_13-2_7Oct2010
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13 (2)
A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY,
PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
ISSN 0034 – 365 X
REINWARDTIA
A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY
PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
Vol. 13(2): 95 — 220, November 2, 2010
Chief Editor
KARTINI KRAMADIBRATA
Editors
DEDY DARNAEDI
TUKIRIN PARTOMIHARDJO
JOENI SETIJO RAHAJOE
TEGUH TRIONO
MARLINA ARDIYANI
EIZI SUZUKI
JUN WEN
Managing editors
ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA
HIMMAH RUSTIAMI
Secretary
ENDANG TRI UTAMI
Lay out
DEDEN SUMIRAT HIDAYAT
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SUBARI
WAHYU SANTOSO
ANNE KUSUMAWATY
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COODE, GUDRUN KADEREIT, ROGIER DE KOCK, N. FUKUOKA, KUSWATA KARTAWINATA, ARY P. KEIM, P.
J. A. KESSLER, A. LATIFF–MOHAMAD, M. A. RIFAI, RUGAYAH, H. SOEDJITO, T. SETYAWATI, D. G. STONE,
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REINWARDTIA
Vol 13, No 2, pp: 213 − 220
213
MARANTACEAE IN SULAWESI
Received July 19, 2010; accepted September 17, 2010
M. ARDIYANI
Herbarium Bogoriense, Research Centre for Biology – LIPI , Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor km.46,
Cibinong 16912, Indonesia. E-mail: marlina.ardiyani@gmail.com
A. D. POULSEN
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, Scotland, UK.
P. SUKSATHAN
Herbarium, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P.O. Box 7, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand.
F. BORCHSENIUS
Department of Biological Sciences, Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, Building 1540,
DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
ABSTRACT
ARDIYANI, M., POULSEN, A. D., SUKSATHAN, P., BORCHSENIUS, F. 2010. Marantaceae in Sulawesi.
Reinwardtia 13(2): 213–220. — Six species of Marantaceae occur in Sulawesi. We present a key to the species
together with a taxonomic treatment with notes on species delimitation, distribution, habitat and ecology, vernacular
names and uses. One species endemic to Sulawesi and not covered by any contemporary publication, Phrynium
longispicum (Warb. ex K. Schum.) Suksathan & Borchs. is described and neotypified. Donax canniformis (G. Forst.) K.
Schum., Phrynium pubinerve Blume, Phrynium robinsonii (Valeton) Suksathan & Borchs, Stachyphrynium latifolium
(Blume) K. Schum. and Stachyphrynium repens (Körn.) Suksathan & Borchs. are also reported from Sulawesi and
characterized. For the two last species these occurrences represents an extension of their previously known range across
Wallace's line.
Key words: Donax, ethnobotany, neotypification, Phacelophrynium, Phrynium, Stachyphrynium, Sulawesi, Wallace’s
line
ABSTRAK
ARDIYANI, M., POULSEN, A. D., SUKSATHAN, P., BORCHSENIUS, F. 2010. Marantaceae di Sulawesi.
Reinwardtia 13(2): 213–220. — Enam jenis dari suku Marantaceae terdapat di Sulawesi. Disajikan kunci ke jenis
beserta perlakuan taksonominya. Satu jenis merupakan endemik di Sulawesi yang belum pernah ada dalam publikasi
kontemporer sebelumnya, Phrynium longispicum (Warb. ex K. Schum.) Suksathan & Borchs. dideskripsikan dan
dineotipifikasi. Donax canniformis (G. Forst.) K. Schum., Phrynium pubinerve Bl., Phrynium robinsonii (Valeton)
Suksathan & Borchs, Stachyphrynium latifolium (Blume) K. Schum. dan Stachyphrynium repens (Körn.) Suksathan &
Borchs. juga dilaporkan dari Sulawesi dan dikarakterisasi. Keberadaan dua jenis terakhir melampaui distribusi yang
sebelumnya hanya diketahui di timur garis Wallace.
Kata kunci: Donax, etnobotani, neotipifikasi, Phacelophrynium, Phrynium, Stachyphrynium, Sulawesi, garis Wallace.
INTRODUCTION
The Marantaceae includes about 23 genera and
550 species worldwide (Andersson, 1998). Eight
genera and an estimated 55 species occur in tropical
Asia (Suksathan et al., 2009). Over the last few
years, several publications have helped clarify the
taxonomy of the West Malesian species (Clausager
& Borchsenius, 2003; Suksathan & Borchsenius,
2003, 2005, 2008; Poulsen & Clausager, 2004;
Clausager et al., 2006; Suksathan et al., 2006,
2010), but the Marantaceae occurring east of
Wallace's line are still very poorly documented.
Prior to our recent fieldwork, the most recent
account of the Marantaceae of Sulawesi was by
Koorders (1898) who, in his account of the flora of
north Sulawesi, listed three species: Maranta
dichotoma Wall. [a synonym of Schumannianthus
dichotomus (Roxb.) Gagnep. misapplied to Donax
canniformis (G. Forst.) K. Schum.]; Maranta indica
Tussac [a synonym of the widely cultivated root
crop M. arundinacea L.] and Phrynium capitatum
[a synonym of P. pubinerve Blume which is
probably a misidentification of P. longispicum].
In this paper we provide a taxonomic account of
the Marantaceae of Sulawesi. The data presented
REINWARDTIA 214 [VOL.13
are based on field work carried out in 2008 and
2009 and examination of herbarium specimens
found at AAU, BO, E, L and S. The endemic
Phrynium longispicum (Valeton) Suksathan &
Borchs., for which no up-to-date description exists,
is described in full and neotypified. For the
remaining five species which are already covered
by detailed descriptions in the literature we provide
only a brief characterization. Generic delimitation
follows Suksathan et al. (2009). Descriptive
terminology regarding inflorescence structure
follows Clausager & Borchsenius (2003). The term
'special paraclade' refers to the basic flower-bearing
structure of the inflorescence while 'fertile bracts'
refer to those bracts that subtend a special
paraclade.
Key to the species of Marantaceae in Sulawesi
1. a. Shrub-like plants with a tall and richly branched
aerial stem. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent.........................
....................................................Donax canniformis
b. Rosulate plants with short, unbranched aerial stems
arising from the rhizome. Fruit dry, capsular..........2
2. a. Sepals less than 1/5 of the corolla tube
[Stachyphrynium]....................................................3
b. Sepals more than 1/3 of the corolla tube
[Phrynium]..............................................................4
3. a. Inflorescence borne on a separate, leafless shoot;
leaf blade 40–85 cm long........................................
........................................Stachyphrynium latifolium
b. Inflorescence interfoliar; leaf blade 10–20 cm long..
..............................................Stachyphrynium repens
4. a. Fruit red. Inflorescence capitate. Two outer
staminodes................................Phrynium pubinerve
b. Fruit green or brown. Inflorescence branches clear-
ly discernible. One outer staminode........................5
5. a. Flower up to 40-50 mm long. Inflorescence with 1–
3 basal branches arising in the same point, each with
several fasciculate, flower bearing branches
separated by very short internodes.............................
............................................Phrynium longispicatum
b. Flower up to 25 mm long. Inflorescence with seve-
ral lateral branches, separated in the proximal part
by internodes up to 6.5 cm long................................
..................................................Phrynium robinsonii
1. DONAX CANNIFORMIS (G. Forst.) K. Schum.
Donax canniformis (G. Forst.) K. Schum., Bot. Jahrb.
Syst. 15(4): 440. (1893). — Thalia canniformis G. Forst.,
Fl. Ins. Austr.: 1 (1780). Type: The New Hebrides
(Vanuatu islands) J.G.A. Forster s.n. (Holotype BM!).
Donax grandis (Miq.) Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy.
Asiat. Soc. 32: 176. 1899. For a full nomenclatural
account see Suksathan & Borchsenius (2005).
Upright herb with a richly branched stem, to 5 m
tall. Leaves clustered towards the ends of the
branches; lamina 8–30x4–20 cm. Inflorescences
several on each plant, each to 30 cm long, richly
branched, lax, composed of up to 15 major branches
of increasing orders (usually 2–5 branches in
Sulawesi plants). Special paraclade markedly
elongate, primary axis 25–30 mm long
(dolichoblastic), with 1–2 flower pairs; pedicel of
individual flowers 5–25 mm long, each with an
associated small glandular bracteole that functions
as a nectary to attract ants that protect flowers and
developing fruits against herbivores. Flower white
to yellowish white, ca. 15 mm long; corolla tube ca.
5 mm long; staminal tube ca. 2 mm longer than
corolla tube. Fruit white or greenish cream and
fleshy at maturity, green while immature,
indehiscent, smooth and globose, ca. 1–1.4 cm in
diameter; seeds 1–3, black.
Distribution. Widespread and common throughout
S. E Asia, from India to the Solomon Islands and
Vanuatu and northwards to Orchid Island (Taiwan)
Habitat and ecology. Primary and secondary
lowland rainforest, on hillslopes, rockbeds along
small streams and wet areas such as alluvial
flatland. Common, especially in open and disturbed
places.
Vernacular Names. Moah, Moha (Minahassa,
Sangir language) (Poulsen et al. 2602; Koorders
19681ß); Bomban (Mongondouw) (Arifiani et al.
377; Wardi 020); Bawambanan’a (Talaud) (H.J.
Lam 3061); Neue (Kobaena) (Widjaja 771); Nena
(Buton) (Uji 4686); Beeo (Buton) (Widjaja 568);
Elusan im bolai (Tontemboan or Tompakewa
language; Koorders 1898); Nelusan ing kawok
(Tulur language; Koorders 1898); Tuis in talun
(Tontemboan or Tompakewa language; Koorders
1898); Mundung (Tulur language; Koorders 1898).
Uses. For making mats (Poulsen et al. 2602). Stem
used as string (Widjaja 771). Short lengths of rattan
-like cane can be obtained from the green outer
layer of the internodes (Coode 6066). Medicinal
plants (precise usage not specified - Uji 4686).
Inner young shoot is grated then squeezed, taken
internally to treat high fever (Arifiani et al. 377).
Used to climb Metroxylon; for making fish traps;
and young stems used against skin rashes (Koorders
1898 – as Maranta dichotoma).
Notes. Full botanical descriptions of Donax
canniformis in Borneo and Thailand, respectively,
can be found in Clausager & Borchsenius (2003)
and Suksathan & Borchsenius (2008).
2010] 215 ARDIYANI et al.: Marantaceae in Sulawesi
Specimens seen from Sulawesi. North Sulawesi. Dua
Saudara Nature Reserve, Temboan, 6 km S of Batu Puteh
village, small valley in forest (1°31'13''N, 125°08'21''E),
350 m, 14 February 2008, fruiting, Poulsen, Ardiyani, &
Porawouw 2602 (AAU, BO, E); Mauk Molotong, along
Mauk river (0°42'02.7''N, 124°02'36.3''E), 300–350 m,
22 May 2002, flowering and fruiting, Arifiani, Nurdin,
Lepinus & Marselak 337 (BO); Manado, no date,
flowering, Riedel 5903 (BO); Bogani Nani Wartabone
National Park, Toraut, April 2004, fruiting, Nurdin 35
(BO); Menado, o. afd. Poso. Tusschen, 1 September
1938, flowering and fruiting, Eyma 3513 (BO, L);
Bolaang Mongondouw, Dumoga Bone National Park,
Toraut Dam (0°34'N, 123°54'E), 220 m, 23 March 1985,
fruiting, Vogel & Vermeulen 6697 (BO, L); Menado,
Oetan aris, 10 m, 28 December 1894, flowering and
fruiting, Koorders 19681ß (BO); Menado, oerwand by
bivak Pinamvrangan naarby Kajoewatoe, 500 m, 4
March 1895, flowering and fruiting, Koorders 19683ß
(BO); Sangir and Talaud Islands, Talaud, Salibabu, S.E.
slope of Ajambana Mountain, 180 m, 20 May 1926,
flowering, Lam 3061 (BO); Gorontalo. Riedel s.n. (BO);
Kec. Suwawa, Desa Tulabolo, Motomboto, 400 m, 24
December 1994, fruiting, Afriastini & Rohajawati 2900
(BO); Central Sulawesi. Balukang, Desa Siboang,
Dusun Maros, near Kampung Sipatoh (0°28'59''S, 120°
06'25''E), 197 m, 24 July 2002, fruiting, Brown, Craven,
Juswara & Ramadhanil 118 (BO, CEB); Palolo,
Kamarora, forest garden behind Lore Lindu National
Park fieldstation (1°15'S, 120°13'E), 700 m, 22 March
2001, fruiting, Kessler et al. PK 3072 (BO, CEB);
Kabupaten Luwu, Desa Teromu, Farhumpenai, 350 m,
17 February 1986, fruiting, Wardi Wd. 020 (BO); South
Sulawesi. South West Peninsula, NE of Makassar within
54–60 km on the road (5°01'S, 119°35'E), 3 July 1976,
fruiting, Meijer, W. 10718 (BO); 3–5 km W of Soroako
(2°15–3°'S, 121°–121°45'E), 450 m, 15 July 1979,
flowering and fruiting, Balgooy et al. 4028 (BO, L);
Bantimurung National Park, Kassekebo. Alluvial area
below limestone cliffs (5°0'44.6''S, 119°41'16.7''E), 65
m, 22 January 2009, flowering and fruiting, Poulsen,
Ardiyani, Firdaus, Iqbal, Tigor & Mia 2760 (AAU, BO,
CEB, E); Southeast Sulawesi. District Kolaka,
Subdistrict Uluiwoi, village Sanggona, near Hutumolae,
base of Gunong Pondunaa in Mount Watu Wila (3°
46.448'S, 121°39.226'E), 175 m, 12 May 2008, flowering
and fruiting, Wen, & Kartonegoro 10196 (BO); Buton
Island, Lawo-lawo area, Wakunti forest, Bau-bau, 26
June 1978, fruiting, Widjaja 568 (BO); Kobaena Island,
Enano, Matansolonsa Mountain, 5 July 1978, fruiting,
Widjaja 771 (BO); Kolaka, Poli-polia, Pangi-pangi, 100
m, 24 October 1978, flowering and fruiting,
Prawiroatmodjo & Maskuri 1537 (BO, L); Kendari,
Kabupaten Unaha, Sampara, Atolanu Mountain, 70 m, 6
February 1986, flowering and fruiting, Amir 65 (BO);
Buton Island, Kaboengka, 180 m, 15 February 1929,
fruiting, Kjellberg 246 (BO, L); Kolaka area, Watuwila
foothills, above Sanggona, “Mokuwu camp”, forest in
valley of Mokowu R. (3°48'S, 121°39'E), 200 m, 29
October 1989, flowering and fruiting, Coode 6066 (BO,
L, K); Buton Island, North Buton Game Reserve,
Maligano-Ronta km. 12 (4°42'04''S, 122°55'18''E), 200
m, 27 April 2003, flowering and fruiting, Uji 4686 (BO).
2. PHRYNIUM LONGISPICUM (Warb. ex K.
Schum.) Suksathan & Borchs.
Phrynium longispicum (Warb. ex K. Schum.)
Suksathan & Borchs., Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 159: 394 (2009).
— Phacelophrynium longispica Warb. ex K. Schum., in
Engler, Pflanzenr. 4(48): 122 (1902). Type: Celebes,
Northern Minahassa Peninsula, Boyong, Warburg, O.
15739 (B destroyed, Syntype); Celebes, Tomohon, June
1894, Sarasin, K.F. & Sarasin, P. 411 (B destroyed);
Northern Minahasa Peninsula, along trail from Boyong
Atas village to Gunung Lolombulan (1°5'18.3''N, 124°
25'23.2''E), 700 m, 24 February 2009, flowering and
fruiting, Poulsen, A. D., Kinho, J., Sandaling, T. &
Mandei, N. 2815 (Holoneotype BO!, Isoneotypes AAU!,
E!, SING!). — Fig 1.
Rosulate, clustering herb, to 1.5 m tall. Leaves (1
–) 4–5 on each shoot; petiole to 135 cm long;
pulvinus 3.5–7.5 cm long, yellowish green; leaf
blade 27–52x15–22 cm. Inflorescence borne among
the leaves, terminal on a 25–55 cm tall stem with a
node ca. 3 cm below the base of the inflorescence,
the node supporting a small leaf or a short bladeless
sheath; inflorescence 14–18 cm tall, at first almost
spicate, in later stages with 1–3 basal branches, each
with up to 10 clustered, flower-bearing branches, 3–
15 cm long; sterile basal bracts to 8 cm long; fertile
bracts 30–35 mm long, to 20 mm wide, rolled into a
tubular structure; special paraclade with a single
flower-pair, associated prophyll 22x7 mm. Flowers
white to yellowish white, 40–50 mm long; sepals 9–
10 mm long, narrow, ca. 1 mm wide in distal 1/3;
corolla tube 16–20 mm long, lobes 16–17x3–5 mm,
dark pigmented in longitudinal stripes in distal 1/3;
staminodal tube ca. 7 mm longer than corolla tube;
outer staminode 1, petaloid lobe ca. 12x6 mm;
callose staminode with petaloid lobe ca. 8x7 mm,
bifid; cucullate staminode ca. 5 mm long; fertile
stamen 6 mm long, theca ca. 2x1 mm. Fruit green
(immature), rounded-triangular in cross-section, 9x7
mm, with scattered white simple hairs; pedicel ca. 3
mm long; seeds 3, angular, rugose, 6x4 mm; aril
white (immature), bilobed.
Distribution. Endemic to Sulawesi.
Habitat and ecology. In disturbed primary forest
and swampy forest. Alluvial flat land to lower hill
slopes. Recorded up to 1,075 m elevation.
Vernacular name. Polipot (Uji 4496).
Uses. Ornamental plants (Uji 4496).
Notes. Both syntypes cited in the original
REINWARDTIA 216 [VOL.13
description of the species are lost. As neotype we
have chosen a recent collection with both flower
material in alcohol and fruits (Poulsen et al. 2815)
from Boyong; the same locality as one of the
syntypes, Warburg 15739. This neotype well agree
with the protologue of the species. Phrynium
longispicum was included in the phylogenetic study
by Suksathan and Borchsenius (2009) under the
accession name Phacelophrynium sp. 1 (DNA
extracted from the specimen Vogel & Vermeulen
6721, L). The results show that P. longispicum is
more closely related to Philippine taxa such as
Phrynium interruptum than to the New Guinea
clade of Phrynium (including species such as P.
giganteum, P. kaniense and P. macrocephalum).
Specimens seen from Sulawesi (other than the
neotype). North Sulawesi. Gunung Masarang.
Secondary forest (1°19'33''N, 124°52'6''E), 1,075 m, 20
February 2008, flowering and fruiting, Poulsen, Ardiyani
& Kaunang 2624 (AAU, BO, E); Bogani Nani
Wartabone National Park, Mount Simbalang, 800 m, 20
May 2002, flowering, Uji 4496 (BO); Bolaang
Mongondouw, Dumoga Bone National Park, Toraut Dam
Fig. 1. Phrynium longispicum (Warb. ex K. Schum.) Suksathan & Borchs. Photograph of Poulsen et al. 2815 (the
neotype) by A.D. Poulsen.
2010] 217 ARDIYANI et al.: Marantaceae in Sulawesi
(0°34'N, 123°54'E), 220 m, 25 March 1985, flowering
and fruiting, Vogel & Vermeulen 6721 (BO, L);
Minahasa (Menado), 1896, Koorders & Valeton 19686ß
(BO); Manado, Tonsealama, 700 m, 4 December 1932,
flowering, Wisse 53 (BO); Along trail from Boyong Atas
village to Gunung Lolombulan (1°5'18.3''N, 124°
25'23.2''E), 700 m, 24 February 2009, flowering and
fruiting, Poulsen, Kinho, Sandanling & Mandei 2815
(AAU, BO, E, SING); Gurupahi, 18 Mar 1917,
flowering, Kaudern 25 (S); Central Sulawesi. Area of
Mt. Nokilalaki, Paliti by Lake Lindu (1°13'S, 120°08'E),
970 m, 2 May 1975, flowering, Meijer 9960 (BO) Forest
patch near trial in garden area (0°59'20.2''N, 121°
36'4.3''E), 50 m, 22 February 2009, flowering, Poulsen &
Kinho 2810 (AAU, BO, E).
3. PHRYNIUM PUBINERVE Blume
Phrynium pubinerve Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae: 38
(1827). Type: Indonesia, Java, Blume s.n. (Holotype L!).
Phrynium capitatum Willd., Sp. Pl. 1: 17. 1797
(illegitimate name based on the same type as Pontederia
ovata L.).
Phrynium rheedei Suresh & Nicolson in Taxon 35:
355. 1986.
Phrynium malaccense Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy
Asiat. Soc. 32: 180. 1899.
Phrynium philippinense Ridl., Leafl. Philipp. Bot. 2:
570. 1909.
Phrynium pubigerum Blume, Enum. Pl. Javae: 37.
1827., For a full nomenclatural account see Suksathan &
Borchsenius (2005).
Rosulate herb, 0.7–3.5 m tall. Leaves 2–3 per
shoot; lamina 23–82 × 9–30 cm, glabrous except for
small hairs around the midrib. Inflorescence
terminal on a leafy shoot, erect, usually appearing to
protrude from the petiole of an accompanying leaf,
capitate, 4–8 cm in diameter; bracts sheathing the
inflorescence quickly withering apically and
dissolving into a decaying fibrous mesh; flower
pairs 2–4 per special paraclade. Flowers pinkish
white, ca. 1.8 cm long; sepals ca 10 mm long;
corolla tube 4–5 mm long; outer staminodes 2, their
petaloid lobes 3–4.5 mm long. Fruits bright red,
elongate to triangular, ca 15 × 10 mm, dehiscent;
seeds 3, grey, with a small aril.
Distribution. Widely distributed in SE Asia, from
India to Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam,
Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java,
Borneo, the Philippines and New Guinea.
Habitat and ecology. This species seems to prefer
a moderate level of habitat disturbance, and is often
found growing next to streams, roads and trails, or
even in the understorey of old rubber plantations.
Vernacular name. Onese (Tolaki language) (A.D.
Poulsen et al. 2791).
Uses. Juice from the stem is used to cure irritant
eyes; the stem is used for weaving or to keep roof
thatching in place (Poulsen et al. 2791).
Notes. A widespread and variable species found
throughout SE Asia. It is recognized by the
combination of red fruits, capitate inflorescence
with tattering inflorescence bracts, and flowers with
two outer staminodes. Taxonomic treatments for
Borneo and Thailand, with full botanical
descriptions, are provided by Clausager and
Borchsenius (2003) and Suksathan & Borchsenius
(2008), respectively. Herbarium material of this
species is often identified as Phrynium capitatum
Willd. which, however, is an illegitimate name
synonymous with P. pubinerve (see Clausager &
Borchsenius 2003).
Specimens seen from Sulawesi. Southeast Sulawesi.
Selayar, s.d., flowering and fruiting, Teysmann 13605
(BO); Boroboro range, N. of Wolasi. 16 km S of Kendari
(4°9'14.6''S, 122°29'38.2''E), 180 m, 11 February 2009,
flowering and fruiting, Poulsen, Ardiyani, Chahyadi &
Gufrin 2791 (AAU, BO, E, QBG).
4. PHRYNIUM ROBINSONII (Valeton) Suksathan
& Borchs.
Phrynium robinsonii (Valeton) Suksathan & Borchs.,
Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 159: 394 (2009). — Phacelophrynium
robinsonii Valeton, in Merrill, Interpr. Rumph. Herb.
Amboin.: 166 (1917). Type: Indonesia, Ambon, Mahija,
7 August 1913, along small stream, ca. 250 m alt.,
Specimen labeled "Robinson Plantae Rumphianae
Amboinenses No. 521" (Holotype BO!). — Fig 2.
Herb, to 2 m tall. Fertile shoots with 15–45 cm
tall stem. Sheath of basal leaf ca. 120 cm long,
petiole 10 cm long, blade 40–50x17–25 cm.
Inflorescence with peduncle 10–20 mm long
measured from node of subtending leaf, primary
inflorescence branches 2–4, the proximal ones
separated by internodes of 30–65 mm long. Primary
bracts to 25 mm long, persisting. Flower pairs 2–3
per special paraclade. Flowers to 25 mm long;
sepals ca. 7 mm long; corolla tube ca. 16 mm long,
petal lobes elongate, 10–12 mm long; outer
staminode 1, linear, ca. 7 mm long; callose
staminode with an elliptic, emarginate petaloid lobe,
ca. 6 mm long. Fruit ca. 10x5 mm; seeds 1(–2).
Distribution. Endemic to the Moluccas and
Sulawesi.
Habitat and ecology. Not much is known, but it
REINWARDTIA 218 [VOL.13
seems to occur mostly at low elevations.
Notes. This species is known from several
collections in the Moluccas and a single record from
Sulawesi. We have not found this species in the
field and we have had no access to fresh or pickled
flower material. The above description of flowers is
based on Valeton's (1917) protologue. According to
Valeton, the flowers of P. robinsonii are markedly
smaller (25 mm long) than those of P. longispicum
(ca. 40 mm long). The inflorescence structure also
seems to be different in the two species, more
elongate and with fewer branches per node in P.
robinsonii. The limit between the two species
should, however, be reinvestigated as more material
becomes available.
Specimens seen from Sulawesi. Palopo, Bulong, sea
level, 28 February 1929 Kjellberg 1996 (BO, S).
5. STACHYPHRYNIUM LATIFOLIUM (Blume)
K. Schum.
Stachyphrynium latifolium (Blume) K. Schum., in
Engler, Pflanzenr. IV. 48 (Heft 11): 49 (1902). —
Phrynium latifolium Blume, Enum. pl. Javae : 37 (1827).
Type: Indonesia, Java, Bantam province, Blume s.n.
(holotype L!).
Stachyphrynium cylindricum (Ridl.) K. Schum., in
Engler, Pflanzenr. 4(48): 49. 1902.
Stachyphrynium griffithii (Baker) K. Schum., in
Engler, Pflanzenr. 4(48): 49. 1902. For a full
nomenclatural account see Suksathan & Borchsenius
(2005).
Fig. 2. . Phrynium robinsonii (Valeton) Suksathan & Borchs.
2010] 219 ARDIYANI et al.: Marantaceae in Sulawesi
Rhizomatous ground herb, 1.7–4 m tall. Leaf
blade 40–85x20–45 cm, glabrous. Inflorescence
produced directly from the rhizome, erect, simple,
cylindric or somewhat laterally compressed;
peduncle 6–33 cm long, spike 11–25 cm long;
fertile bracts 9–18, distichous; flower pairs (1–) 3–4
per special paraclade. Flowers white to creamy
white, slightly fragrant; 3.5–5 cm long, sepals to 4
mm long; corolla tube 24–40 mm long. Fruits
broadly ellipsoid, pale brown, ca. 14x12 mm; seeds
1–2, with a large bifid aril.
Distribution. Widespread in the west Malesian
region, from southern Thailand and Peninsular
Malaysia to Java, Sumatra, Borneo and Sulawesi
(first record).
Habitat and ecology. Small forested hill in garden
area.
Notes. The species is readily recognized by its
spicate inflorescences, with distichous fertile bracts,
that arise on separate shoots from the leaf-bearing
ones. Detailed botanical descriptions based on
material from Borneo and Thailand, respectively,
are provided by Clausager & Borchsenius (2003)
and Suksathan & Borchsenius (2008). The single
recent collection (Poulsen et al. 2805) represents an
extension of the known range of the species across
Wallace's line. This species is sometimes cultivated
in Malaysia and it is difficult to rule out entirely that
it has escaped from cultivation. The plants were,
however, collected in a more or less primary forest
patch amongst cocoa plantations etc. far from the
nearest village. The locals also thought it was
native. Lacking collections of this species from
several primary forest sites nor evidence of
cultivation, we cannot be certain whether it has
been introduced.
Specimens seen from Sulawesi. Central Sulawesi.
Samawati (1°1'31.2''N, 121°36'16.2''E), 40 m, 21
February 2009, flowering, Poulsen & Kinho 2805 (AAU,
BO).
6. STACHYPHRYNIUM REPENS (Körn.)
Suksathan & Borchs.
Stachyphrynium repens (Körn.) Suksathan & Borchs.
, Taxon 54 (4): 1086 (2005). — Phrynium repens Körn.,
Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 35(1): 103 (1862). –
Type: Java, Göreng 408 (Turczaninow herb., KW?,
LE?).
Stachyphrynium jagorianum (K. Koch) K. Schum. in
Engler, Pflanzenr. 4(48): 48. 1902. For a full
nomenclatural account see Suksathan & Borchsenius
(2005)
Rosulate herb, to 55 cm tall, frequently forming
large colonies on the forest floor. Leaves 1–3 per
shoot; lamina elliptic to oblong, acute to acuminate,
10–20x3.5–5.5 cm, green to dark green above, with
more-or-less pronounced darker green stripes
following the major veins, pale below, glabrous or
pubescent. Inflorescence interfoliar, erect, usually
simple; peduncle 5–14 cm long; spike 2.5–7.5 cm
long with 3–6 distichous fertile bracts; flower-pairs
2 per special paraclade but usually only 1 pair
develops. Flowers white, ca. 10 mm long; sepals to
2.5 mm long; corolla tube 13–18 mm long. Fruits
broadly ellipsoid to obovate, to 4x5 mm; seeds 1–2,
with a large bifid aril.
Distribution. Indo-China, Thailand, Peninsular
Malaysia and Indonesia: Sumatra, Java and
Sulawesi (first record). Not recorded in Borneo.
Habitat and ecology. Forest-savanna mosaic on
sandy soil.
Notes. Easily recognised by its small size and the
dark green oblique bands on the upper side of the
leaves. A detailed botanical description of this
species is provided by Suksathan & Borchsenius
(2008). This record represents an extension of the
known range of the species across Wallace's line.
Only one collection is known from Sulawesi
(Poulsen et al. 2797) but we found S. repens at
several localities south of Kendari and it appears to
have dispersed to SE Sulawesi a long time ago.
Specimens seen from Sulawesi. Southeast Sulawesi.
Tatangge Forest Reserve, Tatangge (4°27'35.6''S, 122°
7'28.1''E), 20 m, 13 February 2009, flowering and
fruiting, Poulsen, Ardiyani, Chahyadi, Gufrin & Lasifu
2797 (AAU, BO, E).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Fieldwork by Axel Dalberg Poulsen in Sulawesi was
sponsored in 2008 by the Carlsberg Foundation (grant
number 2007_01_0568) and in 2009 by the Augustinus
Foundation, the Peter Davis Expedition Fund, and the
Blaxall Valentine Awards of the Royal Horticultural
Society, UK. Further work was supported financially by
the Carlsberg Foundation (grant number 2007_01_0626
to Finn Borchsenius). We thank the State Ministry of
Research and Technology (RISTEK) for permits to do
research in Indonesia and local botanists and institutions
in Sulawesi for help with logistics, especially Theogives
Lasut, Ramadhanil Pitopang, Firdaus and Julianus Kinho.
REINWARDTIA 220 [VOL.13
REFERENCES
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(ed.), Das Pflanzenreich IV. 48 (Heft 11). Verlag von
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REINWARDTIA
Vol. 13. No. 2. 2010
CONTENTS
Page
HARRY WIRIADINATA & RISMITA SARI. A new species of Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae)
from North Sumatra ………………………………………………………………………..……………….. 95
ARY P. KEIM. A new species of Freycinetia (Pandanaceae) from Papua New Guinea………………… 101
ROBERT GRADSTEIN et al. Bryophytes of Mount Patuha, West Java, Indonesia……………………... 107
ABDULROKHMAN KARTONEGORO & J. F. VELDKAMP. Revision of Dissochaeta
(Melastomataceae) in Java, Indonesia………………………………………………………...…………… 125
NURSAHARA PASARIBU. Two new species of Freycinetia (Pandanaceae) from Sumatra,
Indonesia………………………………………………………………………………………………….... 147
ARY P. KEIM. & M. RAHAYU. Pandanaceae of Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia................ 151
K. MAT-SALEH, RIDHA MAHYUNI, AGUS SUSATYA, J. F. VELDKAMP. Rafflesia
lawangensis (Rafflesiaceae), a new species from Bukit Lawang, Gunung Leuser National Park,
North Sumatra, Indonesia.............................................................................................................................. 159
J. F. VELDKAMP & R. M. K. SAUNDERS. Goniothalamus tripetalus (Lam.) Veldk.
& R. M. K. Saunders (Annonaceae), comb. nov. .......................................................................................... 167
M. M. J. VAN BALGOOY. An updated survey of Malesian Seed Plants Families..................................... 171
NURHAIDAH IRIANY SINAGA. Two new species of Freycinetia (Pandanaceae) from
Manokwari, West Papua ............................................................................................................................... 183
NURHAIDAH IRIANY SINAGA, RITA MEGIA, ALEX HARTANA & ARY PRIHARDHYANTO
KEIM. The ecology and distribution of Freycinetia Gaud. (Pandanaceae; Freycinetoideae) in the
Indonesian New Guinea................................................................................................................................ 189
EIZI SUZUKI. Tree flora on freshwater wet habitats in lowland of Borneo: Does wetness cool the sites.. 199
NANDA UTAMI & HARRY WIRIADINATA. Impatiens mamasensis (Balsaminaceae), a new
Species from West Celebes, Indonesia.......................................................................................................... 211
M. ARDIYANI, A. D. POULSEN, P. SUKSATHAN, F. BORCHSENIUS. Marantaceae in Sulawesi..... 213
Reinwardtia is a LIPI acredited Journal (258/AU 1/P2MBI/05/2010)
Herbarium Bogoriense
Botany Division
Research Centre for Biology – LIPI
Cibinong, Indonesia
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