REINWARDTIA A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY, PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY Vol. 14(1): 1 - 2 4 8 , December 23, 2014 Chief Editor Kartini Kramadibrata (Mycologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Editors Dedy Darnaedi (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Tukirin Partomihardjo (Ecologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Joeni Setijo Rahajoe (Ecologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Marlina Ardiyani (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Topik Hidayat (Taxonomist, Indonesia University of Education, Indonesia) Eizi Suzuki (Ecologist, Kagoshima University, Japan) Jun Wen (Taxonomist, Smithsonian Natural History Museum, USA) Managing Editor Himmah Rustiami (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Lulut Dwi Sulistyaningsih (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Secretary Endang Tri Utami Layout Editor Deden Sumirat Hidayat Medi Sutiyatno Illustrators Subari Wahyudi Santoso Anne Kusumawaty Correspondence on editorial matters and subscriptions for Reinwardtia should be addressed to: HERBARIUM BOGORIENSE, BOTANY DIVISION, RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY- INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES CIBINONG SCIENCE CENTER, JLN. RAYA JAKARTA - BOGOR KM 46, CIBINONG 16911, P.O. Box 25 Cibinong INDONESIA PHONE (+62) 21 8765066; Fax (+62) 21 8765062 E-MAIL: reinwardtia@mail.lipi.go.id 1 2 3 4 1 3 4 4 Cover images: 1. Begonia holosericeoides (female flower and habit) (Begoniaceae; Ardi et al.); 2. Abaxial cuticles of Alseodaphne rhododendropsis (Lauraceae; Nishida & van der Werff); 3. Dipo- dium puspitae, Dipodium purpureum (Orchidaceae; O'Byrne); 4. Agalmyla exannulata, Cyrtandra coccinea var. celebica, Codonoboea kjellbergii (Gesneriaceae; Kartonegoro & Potter). The Editors would like to thanks all reviewers of volume 14(1): Abdulrokhman Kartonegoro - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Altafhusain B. Nadaf - University of Pune, Pune, India Amy Y. Rossman - Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory USDA-ARS, Beltsville, USA Andre Schuiteman - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Ary P. Keim - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Barry Conn - Royal Botanic Gardens National Herbarium of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Dato' Abdul Latiff Mohamad - Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Daniel Potter - Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA Deby Arifiani - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Ferry J. W. Slik - University of Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Henti H. Rachmat - Conservation and Rehabilitation Research and Development Center, Bogor, Indonesia Ian M. Turner - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Iskandar Z. Siregar - Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia Jay H. Bernstein - Kingsborough Community College, Brooklyn, New York, USA Jens G. Rohwer - University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Joan Pereira - SAN Herbarium, Sabah Forestry Department, Sabah, Malaysia Kuswata Kartawinata - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Lars H. Schmidt - University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Mark Hughes - Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh, UK Masahiro Kato - Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Nuril Hidayati - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Ong Poh Teck - Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia Peter C. van Welzen - National Herbarium Netherlands, Leiden University Branch, Leiden, Netherlands Reuben Nilus - Sabah Forestry Department, Sabah, Malaysia Rugayah - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Ruth Kiew - Forest Research Institute of Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia Uwe Braun - Institut fur Biologie Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Halle (Saale), Germany Yasuaki Sato - Osaka-Sangyo University, Osaka, Japan REINWARDTIA Vol 14, No 1, pp: 19 − 26 19 STUDIES ON BEGONIA (BEGONIACEAE) OF THE MOLUCCA ISLANDS I: TWO NEW SPECIES FROM HALMAHERA, INDONESIA AND AN UPDATED DESCRIPTION OF BEGONIA HOLOSERICEA Received January 10, 2014; accepted April 7, 2014 WISNU H. ARDI Centre for Plant Conservation – Bogor Botanic Gardens, LIPI. Jln. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13 Bogor, 16122. Indonesia, E-mail: wisn001@lipi.go.id YAYAN W. C. KUSUMA Centre for Plant Conservation – Bogor Botanic Gardens, LIPI. Jln. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13 Bogor, 16122. Indonesia, E-mail: yayanwahyu@gmail.com CARL E. LEWIS Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, 10901 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL, 33156, USA. E-mail: clewis@fairchildgarden.org ROSNIATI A. RISNA Centre for Plant Conservation – Bogor Botanic Gardens, LIPI. Jln. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13 Bogor,16122. Indonesia, E-mail: rosniatirisna@yahoo.com HARRY WIRIADINATA Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Division, Research Center for Biology-LIPI, Cibinong Science Center, Jln. Raya Jakarta−Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Bogor, Indonesia. E-mail: harry_wiria@yahoo.com MELISSA E. ABDO Dept. of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 th St., Miami, FL, 33199, USA. E-mail: mabdo002@gmail.com DANIEL C. THOMAS Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, P. O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands. E-mail: daniel.thomas@naturalis.nl ABSTRACT ARDI, W. H., KUSUMA, Y. W. C., LEWIS, C. E., RISNA, R. A., WIRIADINATA, H., ABDO, M. & THOMAS, D. C. Studies on Begonia (Begoniaceae) of the Molucca Islands I: two new species from Halmahera, Indonesia and an updated description of Begonia holosericea. Reinwardtia 14(1): 19 – 26. ― Two new species of Begonia, Begonia holosericeoides Ardi & D. C. Thomas and B. aketajawensis Ardi & D. C. Thomas, are described from Aketajawe Lolobata National Park, Halmahera, Indonesia. The two species belong to Begonia section Petermannia. Begonia holosericea, previously only tentatively assigned to a section, is here assigned to section Petermannia based on the examination of newly available material. Additionally, a revised description and an illustration are provided. A key to the Moluccan species of Begonia is presented. Key words: Begonia, new species, Halmahera. ABSTRAK ARDI, W. H., KUSUMA, Y. W., LEWIS, C. E., RISNA, R. A., WIRIADINATA, H., ABDO, M. & THOMAS, D. C. Studi Begonia (Begoniaceae) Kepulauan Maluku I: dua jenis baru dari Halmahera, Indonesia dan pertelaan terbaru Begonia holosericea. Reinwardtia 14(1): 19 – 26. ― Dua jenis baru Begonia, Begonia holosericeoides Ardi & D. C. Thomas and B. aketajawensis Ardi & D. C. Thomas dipertelakan dari Taman Nasional Aketajawe Lolobata, Halmahera, Indonesia. Kedua jenis Begonia masuk kedalam seksi Petermannia berdasarkan pengamatan material baru yang tersedia. Sebagai tambahan, perbaikan pertelaan dan ilustrasi telah diberikan. Kunci identifikasi jenis Begonia dari Maluku juga disajikan dalam tulisan ini. Kata kunci: Begonia, jenis baru, Halmahera. mailto:wisn001@lipi.go.id mailto:yayanwahyu@gmail.com mailto:clewis@fairchildgarden.org mailto:mabdo002@gmail.com mailto:daniel.thomas@naturalis.nl REINWARDTIA 20 [VOL.14 INTRODUCTION The Begonia flora of the Indonesian Islands group of the Moluccas, located west of Papua and east of Sulawesi, is poorly known. Since the description of B. holosericea (Teijsm. & Binn.) Teijsm. & Binn. ca. 150 years ago, only one other endemic Moluccan Begonia species has been descri be d: Be gonia s age ae nsis Wiri ad. (Wiriadinata, 2012). Only six species of Begonia have been reported from the islands altogether (Hughes, 2008; Wiriadinata, 2012), but this is certainly an underestimate. Expeditions to less- explored areas of other central Malesian islands such as Sulawesi have recently brought to light numerous new species (Thomas et al., 2009a; Thomas et al., 2009b; Thomas et al., 2011) and it has been noted that “it is evident from herbarium collections that a number of endemic species remain to be described” from the Moluccas (Hughes, 2008). The six species previously reported from the Moluccas comprise two endemic Moluccan species, the previously poorly known Begonia holosericea and B. sageaensis as well as the more widely distributed B. aptera Blume, which also occurs on Sulawesi and three closely related species (B. brachybotrys Merr. & L. M. Perry, B. pseudo- lateralis Warb. and B. rieckei Warb.) which fall in the Begonia rieckei species complex, which shows a wide distribution in Malesia east of Huxley’s Line (Hughes, 2008). This paper presents an updated description of B. holosericea and provides descrip- tions of two new species of endemic Moluccan Begonia, raising the total number of species known from the Moluccan Islands to eight, four of which being endemic. Begonia holosericea was previously only known from the type material and information on important characters such as placentation type was lacking. This is why Doorenbos et al. (1998) only tentatively assigned the species to section Petermannia and indicated that the placement was doubtful. Hughes (2008) emphasized that the sectional placement of the species is unknown. New material, including plants cultivated at Bogor and Bali Botanic Gardens and herbarium material deposited in BO, has recently become available as a result of expeditions to the Moluccas. Based on this material Begonia holosericea is here placed in section Petermannia, as it exhibits typical characters of the section: proto- gynous inflorescences, two-tepaled male flowers, anthers with unilaterally positioned slits, five- tepaled female flowers, two-flowered female inflorescences or solitary female flowers, three- locular ovaries with axile placentation and bilamel- late placentae, and fruits with equal or subequal wings. Thus all Moluccan Begonia species, except for Begonia aptera (section Sphenanthera), can be assigned to section Petermannia. Recent expeditions to the Moluccas, carried out through a partnership between Bogor Botanic Garden and Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden (June-August 2011, and June-August 2012) to com- memorate a historic expedition to the region led by David Fairchild in 1940, have resulted in many valuable herbarium and living specimens, a number of which may represent new species. Two of them are described below. Like the majority of Moluccan species, they are classified in Begonia section Petermannia. All available Begonia specimens from BO, E, K, L and SING have been consulted, and hence it must be assumed, at least until more intensive collecting may reveal otherwise, that these new species have restricted ranges and are endemic to Halmahera island (Fig. 1). Diagnostic characters of the two new species and Begonia holosericea are illustrated in Figs. 2–4. Identification key to Begonia species in the Moluccan Islands 1a. Plants erect ………………………………… 2 1b. Plants creeping …………………………….. 3 2a. Female flowers with 2–5 tepals; male flowers with 2 tepals, anther connectives not projecting at apex; leaves broadly ovate …….… B. rieckii 2b. Female flowers with 6 tepals; male flowers with 4 tepals, anther connectives projecting at apex; leaves oblong-lanceolate ……. B. aptera 3a. Leaf apex acuminate ……………………..… 4 3b. Leaf apex rounded ……………………. …... 5 4a. Adaxial leaf surface densely hirsute with red hairs; female inflorescence peduncle < 5 mm; female flowers solitary ………... B. sageaensis 4b. Adaxial leaf surface glabrous; female inflorescence peduncle up to 3.5 cm; female flowers in two-flowered inflorescences …… ……………………………..B. holosericeoides 5a. Male flower with two tepals; female inflorescence peduncle 2–3 mm long; ovary densely hairy ………................ B. holosericea 5b. Male flowers with four tepals; female inflorescence peduncle ca. 1 mm long; ovary glabrous or glabrescent …….. B. aketajawensis SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS Begonia aketajawensis Ardi & D. C. Thomas spec. nov. section Petermannia. Figs. 1, 2. ― Type: 2014] 21 ARDI et al.: Begonia of the Molucca Islands I Indonesia, North Halmahera, Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park, Tayawi Village, secondary lowland forest, 0 o 27’55.6’’N, 127o44’42.3’’E, 19 May 2011, Melissa E. Abdo 4740 (holo: BO). Similar to Begonia holosericea. Differing from that species by the narrowly obovate to orbicular leaves, smaller leaf size (8.8–12 × 8.3–11 cm), male flowers with four tepals and sparsely hairy or glabrous ovaries (leaf laminas broadly ovate to suborbicular, 15–19 × 12–18 cm, male flowers with two tepals and densely hairy ovaries in B. holosericea). Perennial, monoecious herb with creeping stems, to ca. 25 cm long, moderately to densely hairy. Stems few branched; internodes ca. 1.7–3.8 cm long, densely covered with branched hairs. Leaves alternate; stipules persistent, 8–13 × 5–6 mm, tri- angular, translucent glabrous except for hairs on the abaxial midrib, midrib abaxially prominent, projecting up to ca. 3.5 mm at the apex; petioles 3.5 –11.5 cm long, channeled, red, densely covered with branched hairs; lamina basifixed 8.8–12 × 8.5– 11 cm, asymmetric, narrowly obovate to orbicular, base slightly rounded to cordate, lobes not or rarely slightly overlapping, apex rounded, margin fimbri- ate, adaxial surface green or reddish green variegated, with silvery band or spots around the margin and extending inwards between the veins, glabrous, abaxial surface paler, hairy on the veins, primary veins 7–8, actinodromous, secondary veins craspedodromous. Inflorescences axillary, proto- gynous; bracts ca. 7–13 × 4–6 mm, ovate, creamy tinged pink, sparsely hairy, with abaxially slightly prominent midrib projecting up to 3 mm at the apex; female inflorescences solitary, usually one node basal to the male inflorescences, peduncles ca. 1 mm long; male inflorescences usually distal to the female inflorescences, composed of 1–2 mono- chasial partial inflorescences with 2–4 flowers each, peduncles 2–3.5 cm long. Male flowers: pedicels 3– Fig. 1. Distribution of Begonia holosericeoides (triangle), B. aketajawensis (circle), B. holosericea (square). REINWARDTIA 22 [VOL.14 5.5 cm long; tepals 4, white, the 2 larger 11–15.5 × 11.5–15 mm, orbicular, base slightly cordate, apex rounded, the 2 smaller 10–12.5 × 3–7 mm, elliptic or oblong-obovate; stamens yellow, filaments ca. 0.5–1 mm long, slightly fused at the very base, anthers ca. 1–1.5 mm long, oblong, dehiscing through unilaterally positioned slits >1/2 as long as the anthers. Female flowers: pedicels 1.7–2.5 cm long; tepals 5–6, white tinged with pink, unequal, the 4 larger 10.5–15 × 8–11 mm, obovate, the smallest 11–15 × 5–7 mm, elliptic; ovary globoid 8.5–10 × 7–10 mm, locules 3, placentation axile, placentae bilamellate, wings 3, narrowly triangular, rounded at base, apex subtruncate to truncate, style basally fused, 3-branched, each stylodium bifurcate in the stigmatic region, stigmas 3, stigmatic surface a spirally twisted papillose band, yellow. Fruiting pedicels ca. 25 mm long. Fruits globoid, 8.5–13 × 7 –10 mm (excluding the wings), glabrous, dehiscent, splitting along the wing attachment, wing shape as for ovary, ca. 5.5 mm wide at the widest point (at the apex); seeds unknown. Distribution. Endemic to Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park, Halmahera, North Moluccas, Indonesia. Locally common. Habitat. Found on vertical moist rock surfaces, including limestone substrates, in half to full shade, in secondary forest at 100–150 m altitude. Other specimen examined. Cultivated at Bali Botanic Garden from vegetative material collected in the wild (Indonesia, North Maluku, Halmahera Timur, Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park), 1 Sep- tember 2013, Wisnu H. Ardi, WI 84 (BO). Fig. 2. Begonia aketajawensis Ardi & D.C. Thomas. A. Plant habit in-situ (scale 10 cm); B. Juvenile plant in-situ (scale 5 cm); C. Cultivated juvenile plant (scale 2 cm); D. Male inflorescence (scale 2 cm); E. Male flowers (scale 1 cm); F. Female flower (scale 1 cm); G. Female flower (scale 1 cm); H. Infructescence (scale 1 cm); I. Ovary cross section (scale 5 mm). (Photos: A & D-H: Made Ardhaka; B: Yayan Kusuma; C: Wisnu H. Ardi; I: Daniel C. Thomas). 2014] 23 ARDI et al.: Begonia of the Molucca Islands I Note. The specific epithet refers to the collection locality of the type material, Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park (Latin, -ensis – originating from). Begonia aketajawensis is similar to B. holosericea, but it can be easily distinguished by several characters such as leaf shape and size (narrowly obovate to orbicular leaves with laminas 8.8–12 × 8.3–11 cm, vs. broadly ovate to suborbicular leaves with laminas 15–19 × 12–18 cm), male flowers with four tepals (vs. male flower with two tepals) and sparsely hairy or glabrous ovaries (vs. densely hairy ovaries with stiff, red hairs in B. holosericea). Begonia aketajawensis shows a character combina- tion which is unique in the large section Petermannia (>270 species): creeping stems and four-tepaled male flowers. Four-tepaled male flowers are rare in section Petermannia and have only been described from a few species such as B. georgei Coyle, B. grandipetala Irmsch., B. propinqua Ridl. and B. watuwilensis Girm., none of which is morphologically close to B. aketajawensis. The majority of species in section Petermannia shows more or less erect stems, lthough there are some exceptions such as the rhizo- matous B. mendumae M. Hughes and the creeping B. gemella Warb. ex L. B. Sm. & Wassh. In contrast to this, the Begonia species in section Petermannia endemic to the Moluccas are characterized by Fig. 3. Begonia holosericeoides Ardi & D.C. Thomas. A. Plant habit in-situ (scale 10 cm); B. Plant habit in cultivation (scale 10 cm); C. Stipule (scale 1 cm); D. Male inflorescence (scale 2 cm); E. Female inflorescence (scale 1 cm); F. Male flower (scale 1 cm); G. Female flower (scale 1 cm); H. Ovary cross section (scale 5 mm). (Photos: A: Yayan Kusuma; B-H: Wisnu H. Ardi). REINWARDTIA 24 [VOL.14 creeping or rhizomatous stems. Another characteris- tic feature of the endemic Moluccan species are the few-flowered (2–5 flowers) male inflorescences which are arranged in simple monochasia. Begonia holosericeoides Ardi & D. C. Thomas spec. nov. section Petermannia. Figs. 1, 3. ― Type: Cultivated at Bogor Botanic Garden from vegetative material collected in the wild (Indonesia, North Maluku, Halmahera Timur, Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park, SP2 Village, primary lowland forest, 1 o 26’05.6”N 128o 37’30.20”E, 1 September 2013, Wisnu H. Ardi, WI 83 (holo: BO, iso: KRB). Similar to Begonia holosericea (Teijsm. & Binn.) Teijsm. & Binn. Differs from this species by the longer peduncles of the female inflorescences (1.1– 3.5 cm), sparsely hairy or glabrous ovaries and ovate leaves with acuminate apex (peduncle of the female inflorescence 2–3 mm long, ovary densely hairy and leaves suborbicular with rounded apex in B. holosericea). Perennial, monoecious herb with creeping stems, to ca. 15 cm long. Stems few branched; internodes ca. 10–12 mm long, dark green or green tinged red, densely covered with branched hairs. Leaves alternate; stipules persistent, ca. 7–12 × 9–12.5 mm, triangular, glabrous except for hairs on the abaxial midrib, midrib abaxially prominent, projecting up to ca. 4 mm at the apex; petioles 3–4 cm long, red, densely covered with hairs; lamina basifixed, 15– 15.5 × 10.5–11 cm, asymmetric, ovate, base cordate and lobes not or slightly overlapping, apex acumi- nate, margin fimbriate, adaxial surface glabrous, dark green reddish, variegated with silver bands or spots between the veins sometimes fused forming a band along the margin, abaxial surface pale green, with red hairs on the veins, coriaceous, primary veins 7–8, actinodromous, secondary veins craspe- dodromous. Inflorescences axillary, protogynous; bracts 8–14 × 4–8 mm, oblong, reddish, sparsely hairy, with abaxially slightly prominent midrib projecting up to 2 mm at the apex; female inflorescences two-flowered, usually one node basal to the male inflorescences, peduncles ca. 1.1–3.5 cm long; male inflorescences usually distal to the female inflorescences, composed of 1–3 partial in- florescences, each consisting of 2 monochasia with 2–4 flowers each, peduncles ca. 5–8 cm long, hairy. Male flowers: pedicels 1.5–4 cm long, hairy; tepals 2, white tinged with pink, 13–15 × 11–13 mm, broadly ovate, base slightly cordate and becoming rounded at anthesis, apex rounded, abaxially glabrescent; stamens yellow, filaments ca. 1–2 mm long, slightly fused at the very base, anthers ca. 1.5 –2 mm long, oblong, dehiscing through unilaterally positioned slits >1/2 as long as the anthers. Female flowers: pedicels 2.2–3.1 cm long, sparsely hairy, red; tepals 5, white tinged with pink at the margin, unequal, the four larger broadly ovate, 14 × 11–12 mm, one smaller, elliptic, 11 × 5 mm, margin fimbriate; ovary ellipsoid, 12.5 × 4.5 mm (excluding the wings), locules 3, placentation axile, placentae bilamellate, wings 3, subequal, cuneate to rounded at base, subtruncate at apex, widest point apically, style basally fused, 3-branched, each stylodium bifurcate in the stigmatic region, stigmas 3, stigmatic surface a spirally twisted papillose band, yellow. Fruiting pedicels ca. 2.2–3.1 cm long. Fruits ellipsoid, 10–13 × 4.5–5.5 mm (excluding the wing), sparsely hairy or sometimes glabrous, dehiscent, splitting along the wing attachment, wing shape as for ovary, ca. 9 mm wide at the widest point (at the apex); seeds unknown. Distribution. Endemic to the Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park, Halmahera, North Mollucas, Indonesia. Habitat. Found on vertical moist rock surfaces, including limestone substrates, in full shade, in primary rain forest at ca. 145 m asl. Note. The specific epithet is a compound of holosericea (the species epithet of B. holosericea), and -oides (in Greek compounds: resembling). It refers to the creeping habit and adaxial leaf pattern, which are similar to the conditions found in B. holosericea. Although similar on first sight, B. holosericeoides can be easily distinguished by several characters such as the acuminate leaf apex (rounded in B. holosericea) and the sparsely hairy to glabrous ovary (densely hairy with stiff, red hairs in B. holosericea) and the length of the peduncles of the female inflorescences (0.2–0.3 cm in B. holo- sericea, vs. 1.1–3.5 cm in B. holosericeoides). BEGONIA HOLOSERICEA (Teijsm. & Binn.) Teijsm. & Binn., Epim. Ludg. Bat.: 5(1863). Section Petermannnia. ― Diploclinium holosericeum Teijsm. & Binn., Tijdschr. Ned.-Indie 25:421 (1863). ― Type: Ternate Island, J.E. Teijsmann sn. (holo: BM), Figs. 1, 4. Perennial, monoecious herb with creeping stems, to ca. 25 cm long. Stems few branched; internodes ca. 2–4.5 cm long, reddish, densely covered with branched hairs, which are red at base, and white at the apex. Leaves alternate; stipules persistent, 13–16 × 9–12 mm, triangular, glabrous except for hairs on the abaxial midrib, midrib abaxially prominent, 2014] 25 ARDI et al.: Begonia of the Molucca Islands I projecting up to ca. 12 mm at the apex; petioles 7– 11.5 cm long, red, densely covered with branched hairs; lamina basifixed, 15–19 × 12–18 cm, asymmetric, broadly ovate to suborbicular, base cordate and lobes overlapping, apex rounded, margin fimbriate, adaxial surface glabrous, bullate, variegated, green with silvery green blotchs or spots between the veins and forming bands, abaxial surface pale green, hairy on the veins, primary veins 7–8, actinodromous, secondary veins craspedodro- mous. Inflorescences axillary, protogynous; bracts ca. 15 × 8 mm, ovate, creamy tinged pink, sparsely to moderately hairy, with abaxially slightly prominent midrib projecting up to 6 mm at the apex; female inflorescences one- or two-flowered, usually one node basal to the male inflorescences, peduncles 2–3 mm long; male inflorescences usually distal to the female inflorescences, composed of 1–3(–5) partial inflorescences, each consisting 1–2 monochasia with 2–4 flowers each, peduncles ca. 3–5 cm long, hairy. Male flowers: pedicels 3–4 cm long, hairy; tepals 2, white tinged with pink, 10–17 × 10–13 mm, broadly ovate, base slightly cordate and becoming rounded at anthesis, apex rounded; abaxially hairy, stamens yellow, fila- ments ca. 1 mm, slightly fused at the very base, anthers ca. 1–1.5 mm long, oblong, dehiscing through unilaterally positioned slits >1/2 as long as the anthers. Female flowers: pedicels 3–4.2 cm, hairy, red; tepals 5, white tinged with pink at the margin, unequal, the four larger broadly ovate and adaxially concave (+/- bowl-shaped), 10–14 × 10– Fig. 4. Begonia holosericea (Teijsm. & Binn.) Teijsm. & Binn. A. Plant habit in-situ (scale 5 cm); B. Plant habit in cultivation (scale 5 cm); C. Stipule (scale 1 cm); D. Male inflorescence (scale 1 cm); E. Female inflorescence and flower (scale 1 cm); F. Ovary cross section (scale 5 mm). (Photos: A & D: Izu A. Fijridiyanto.; B, C, E, F: Wisnu H. Ardi). REINWARDTIA 26 [VOL.14 12 mm, one smaller, elliptic, 10–13 × 5–6 mm, margin fimbriate; ovary ellipsoid, 9–11 × 5–7 mm, red, densely hairy, locules 3, placentation axile, placentae bilamellate, wings 3, subequal, rounded to cuneate at base, truncate to rounded at apex, widest point apically, style basally fused, 3-branched, each stylodium bifurcate in the stigmatic region, stigmas 3, stigmatic surface a spirally twisted papillose band, yellow. Fruiting pedicels 3.5–4.2 cm long. Fruits ellipsoid, 11–18 × 10–11 mm (excluding the wing), densely hairy, dehiscent, splitting along the wing attachment, wing shape as for ovary, reddish, ca. 12 mm wide at the widest point (at the apex); seeds unknown. Distribution. Endemic to Mt. Gamalama, Ternate Island, North Moluccas, Indonesia. Habitat. This species can be found growing in shady places on vertical moist rock surfaces, in secondary forest at ca. 600 m altitude. Other specimen examined. Cultivated at Bogor Botanic Garden from vegetative material collected in the wild (Indonesia, North Moluccas, Ternate Island, Mt. Gamalama), 6 January 2014, Wisnu H. Ardi, WI 95 (BO). Note. Begonia holosericea is the first endemic species described from Ternate island on the basis of a specimen collected by Teijsmann. The species was initially described as Diploclinium holosericeum, but later referred to Begonia. Sectional placement was problematic for this species as information about its placentation was lacking, and Doorenbos (1998) and Hughes (2008) only tentatively assigned it to section Petermannia. Based on recent observations of plants cultivated in Bogor Botanic Garden, which were collected from the type locality in 2009, B. holosericea can be confidently assigned to section Petermannia 150 years after it was first described. It exhibits several typical characters of the section: protogynous inflorescences, two-tepaled male flowers, anthers with unilaterally positioned slits, five-tepaled female flowers, two-flowered female inflorescences or solitary female flowers which are born basal to the male, three-locular ovaries with axile placenta- tion and bilamellate placentae, and fruits with equal or subequal wings. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to express gratitude to Mustaid Siregar and Joko R. Witono (Bogor Botanic Gardens), and to Hong Liu and Javier Francisco-Orteg (Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden & Florida International Univer- sity) for their support, and to Dr. Izu Andry Fijridiyanto (Bogor Botanic Gardens), I Made Ardhaka and Kadek Erosi Undaharta (Bali Botanic Gardens) for giving permission to use their pictures. The authors are also thankful for cooperation in the field and logistical support from Mahroji and David Purmiasa. Irfan Rosadi, Hanom Bashari, and other colleagues from Burung Indonesia provided invaluable assistance and collabora- tion. The permits for fieldwork provided by RISTEK and Aketajawe-Lolobata National Park are also appreciated. Funding support was provided by Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden and Bogor Botanic Gardens-LIPI. REFERENCES DOORENBOS, J. M., SOSEF, S. M. & DE WILDE, J. J. F. E. 1998. The sections of Begonia including descriptions, keys and species lists. Studies in Begoniaceae VI. Wageningen Agricultural University Papers 98 (2). Wageningen: Wageningen Agricultural University. HUGHES, M. 2008. An annotated checklist of Southeast Asian Begonia. Edinburgh: Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. THOMAS, D. C., ARDI , W. H., HARTUTININGSIH & HUGHES, M. 2009a. Two new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 66 (2): 229–238. THOMAS, D. C., ARDI, W. H. & HUGHES, M. 2009b. Two new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 66 (1): 103–114. THOMAS, D. C., ARDI, W. H. & HUGHES, M. 2011. Nine new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from South and West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 68 (2): 225–255. WIRIADINATA, H. 2012. A new species of Begonia (Begoniaceae) from Sagea Lagoon, Weda Bay, Halmahera Island, North Moluccas, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 13 (3): 263–270. INSTRUCTION TO AUTHORS Scope. Reinwardtia is a scientific irregular journal on plant taxonomy, plant ecology and ethnobotany published in December. 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Bibliography, list of literature cited or references follow the Harvard system as the following examples. Journal : KRAENZLIN, F. 1913. Cyrtandraceae novae Philippinenses I. Philipp. J. Sci. 8: 163-179. MAYER, V., MOLLER, ML, PERRET, M. & WEBER, A. 2003. Phylogenetic position and generic differentiation of Epithemateae (Gesneriaceae) inferred from plastid DNA sequence data. American J. Bot. 90: 321-329. Proceedings :TEMU, S. T. 1995. Peranan tumbuhan dan ternak dalam upacara adat "Djoka Dju" pada suku Lio, Ende, Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur. In: NASUTION, E. (Ed.). Presiding Seminar dan Lokakarya Nasional Etnobotani II. LIP1 & Perpustakaan Nasional: 263-268. (In Indonesian). SIMBOLON, H. & MIRMANTO, E. 2000. Checklist of plant species in the peat swamp forests of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: IWAKUMA et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the International Symposium on: Tropical Peatlands. Pp. 179-190. Book : RIDLEY, H. N. 1923. Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2. L. Reeve & Co. Ltd, London. Part of Book : BENTHAM, G. 1876. Gesneriaceae. In: BENTHAM, G. & HOOKER, J. D. Genera plantarum 2. Lovell Reeve & Co., London. Pp. 990-1025. Thesis : BAIRD, L. 2002. A Grammar of Keo: An Austronesian language of East Nusantara. Australian National University, Canberra. [PhD. Thesis]. Website : http://www.nationaalherbarium.n1/fmcollectors/k/Kostermans AJGH.htm). Accessed 15 February 2012. Reinwardtia Published by Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Address: Jin. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46 Cibinong 16911, P.O. Box 25 Cibinong Telp. (+ 62) 21 8765066; Fax (+62) 21 8765062 E-mail: reinwardtia@mail.lipi.go.id REINWARDTIA Author Agreement Form Title of article Name of Author(s) : I/We hereby declare that: • My/Our manuscript was based on my/our original work. • It was not published or submitted to other journal for publication. • I/we agree to publish my/our manuscript and the copyright of this article is owned by Reinwardtia. • We have obtained written permission from copyright owners for any excerpts from copyrighted works that are included and have credited the sources in our article. Author signature (s) Date Name MUHAMMAD EFFENDI, TATIK CHIKMAWATI & DEDY DARNAEDI. New cytotypes of Pteris ensiformis var. victoria from Indonesia 133 SUZANA SABRAN, REUBEN NILUS, JOAN T. PEREIRA & JOHN BAPTIST SUGAU. Contribution of the heart of Borneo (HoB) initiative towards botanical exploration in Sabah, Malaysia 137 WENNI SETYO LESTARI, BAYU ADJIE, TASSANAI JARUWATANAPHAN, YASUYUKI WATANO & MADE PHAR- MAWATI. Molecular phylogeny of maidenhair fern genus Adiantum (Pteridaceae) from Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia based on Rbcl and Trnl-f 143 ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA & DANIEL POTTER. Floristic study of Mekongga Protected Forest: towards establishment of the Mekongga National Park 157 YESSI SANTIKA, EKA FATMAWATI TIHURUA & TEGUH TRIONO. Comparative leaves anatomy of Pandanus, Freycinetia and Sararanga (Pandanaceae) and their diagnostic value 163 SUHARDJONO PRAWIROATMODJO & KUSWATA KARTAWINATA. Floristic diversity and structural characteristics of mangrove forest of Raj a Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia 171 IAN M. TURNER. A new combination in Orophea (Annonaceae) for Uvaria nitida Roxb. ex G. Don 181 IVAN S AVINOV. Taxonomic revision of Asian genus Glyptopetalum Thwaites (Celastraceae R. Br.) 183 YUSI ROSALINA, NISYAWATL ERWIN NURDIN, JATNA SUPRIATNA & KUSWATA KARTAWINATA. Floristic compo- sition and structure of a peat swamp forest in the conservation area of the PT National Sago Prima, Selat Panjang, Riau, Indone- sia 193 IMAN HID AY AT & JAMJAN MEEBOON. Cercospora brunfelsiicola (Fungi, Mycosphaerellaceae), a new tropical Cercosporoid fungus on Brunfelsia uniflora 211 MAX VAN BALGOOY & ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA. Flora of Bali: a provisional checklist 219 EKA FATMAWATI TIHURUA & INA ERLINAWATI. Leaf anatomy of Pandanus spp. (Pandanceae) from Sebangau and Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya National Park, Kalimantan, Indonesia 223 JULIA SANG & RUTH KIEW. Diversity of Begonia (Begoniaceae) in Borneo - How many species are there? 23 3 DIAN LATIFAH, ROBERT A. CONGDON & JOSEPH A. HOLTUM. A Physiological approach to conservation of four palm species: Arenga australasica, Calamus australis, Hydriastele wendlandiana saALicuala ramsayi 237 REINWARDTIA Vol. 14. No. 1.2014 CONTENTS Page ABDULROKHMAN KARTONEGORO & DANIEL POTTER. The Gesneriaceae of Sulawesi VI: the species from Mekongga Mts. with a new species of Cyrtandra described 1 LIM CHUNG LU & RUTH KIEW. Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) sections in Peninsular Malaysia 13 WISNU H. ARDI, YAYAN W. C. KUSUMA, CARL E. LEWIS, ROSNIATI A. RISNA, HARRY WIRIADINATA, MELISSA E. ABDO & DANIEL C. THOMAS. Studies on Begonia (Begoniaceae) of the Molucca Islands I: Two new species from Halmahera, Indonesia, and an updated description of Begonia holosericea 19 YUZAMMI, JOKO R. WITONO & WILBERT L. A. HETTERSCHEID. Conservation status of Amorphophallus discophorus Backer & Alderw. (Araceae) in Java, Indonesia 27 MOHAMMAD F. ROYYANI & JOENI S. RAHAJOE. Behind the sacred tree: local people and their natural resources sustainabil- ity 35 FIFI GUS DWIYANTI, KOICHI KAMIYA & KO HARADA. Phylogeographic structure of the commercially important tropical tree species, Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. F. (Dipterocarpaceae) revealed by microsatellite markers 43 SACHIKO NISHIDA & HENK VAN DER WERFF. Do cuticle characters support the recognition of Alseodaphne, Nothaphoebe and Dehaasia as distinct genera? 53 NURUL AMAL LATIFF, RAHAYU SUKMARIA SUKRI & FAIZAH METALI. Nepenthes diversity and abundance in five habi- tats in Brunei Damssalam 67 NURUL HAZLINA ZATNI & RAHAYU SUKMARIA SUKRI. The diversity and abundance of ground herbs in lowland mixed Dipterocarp forest and heath forest in Brunei Darussalam 73 MUHAMMAD AMIRUL AIMAN AHMAD JUHARI, NORATNI TALIP, CHE NURUL ATNI CHE AMRI & MOHAMAD RUZI ABDUL RAHMAN. Trichomes morphology of petals in some species of Acanthaceae 79 DIAN ROSLEINE, EIZI SUZUKI, ATIH SUNDAWIATI, WARDI SEPTIANA & DESY EKAWATI. The effect of land use history on natural forest rehabilitation at corridor area of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia 85 JULIUS KULIP. The Ethnobotany of the Dusun people in Tikolod village, Tambunan district, Sabah, Malaysia 101 PETER O'BYRNE. On the evolution of Dipodium R. Br 123 Reinwardtia is a LIPI accredited Journal (517/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/04/2013) Herbarium Bogoriense Botany Division Research Center for Biology - Indonesian Institute of Sciences Cibinong Science Center Jln. Raya Jakarta - Bogor, Km 46 Cibinong 16911, P.O. Box 25 Cibinong Indonesia barudepan 391-563-2-PB belakangbaru img577_Page_1 img577_Page_2 img577_Page_3 img577_Page_4