REINWARDTIA A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY, PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY Vol. 14(1): 1 - 2 4 8 , December 23, 2014 Chief Editor Kartini Kramadibrata (Mycologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Editors Dedy Darnaedi (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Tukirin Partomihardjo (Ecologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Joeni Setijo Rahajoe (Ecologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Marlina Ardiyani (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Topik Hidayat (Taxonomist, Indonesia University of Education, Indonesia) Eizi Suzuki (Ecologist, Kagoshima University, Japan) Jun Wen (Taxonomist, Smithsonian Natural History Museum, USA) Managing Editor Himmah Rustiami (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Lulut Dwi Sulistyaningsih (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Secretary Endang Tri Utami Layout Editor Deden Sumirat Hidayat Medi Sutiyatno Illustrators Subari Wahyudi Santoso Anne Kusumawaty Correspondence on editorial matters and subscriptions for Reinwardtia should be addressed to: HERBARIUM BOGORIENSE, BOTANY DIVISION, RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY- INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES CIBINONG SCIENCE CENTER, JLN. RAYA JAKARTA - BOGOR KM 46, CIBINONG 16911, P.O. Box 25 Cibinong INDONESIA PHONE (+62) 21 8765066; Fax (+62) 21 8765062 E-MAIL: reinwardtia@mail.lipi.go.id 1 2 3 4 1 3 4 4 Cover images: 1. Begonia holosericeoides (female flower and habit) (Begoniaceae; Ardi et al.); 2. Abaxial cuticles of Alseodaphne rhododendropsis (Lauraceae; Nishida & van der Werff); 3. Dipo- dium puspitae, Dipodium purpureum (Orchidaceae; O'Byrne); 4. Agalmyla exannulata, Cyrtandra coccinea var. celebica, Codonoboea kjellbergii (Gesneriaceae; Kartonegoro & Potter). The Editors would like to thanks all reviewers of volume 14(1): Abdulrokhman Kartonegoro - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Altafhusain B. Nadaf - University of Pune, Pune, India Amy Y. Rossman - Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory USDA-ARS, Beltsville, USA Andre Schuiteman - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Ary P. Keim - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Barry Conn - Royal Botanic Gardens National Herbarium of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Dato' Abdul Latiff Mohamad - Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Daniel Potter - Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA Deby Arifiani - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Ferry J. W. Slik - University of Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Henti H. Rachmat - Conservation and Rehabilitation Research and Development Center, Bogor, Indonesia Ian M. Turner - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Iskandar Z. Siregar - Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia Jay H. Bernstein - Kingsborough Community College, Brooklyn, New York, USA Jens G. Rohwer - University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Joan Pereira - SAN Herbarium, Sabah Forestry Department, Sabah, Malaysia Kuswata Kartawinata - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Lars H. Schmidt - University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Mark Hughes - Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh, UK Masahiro Kato - Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Nuril Hidayati - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Ong Poh Teck - Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia Peter C. van Welzen - National Herbarium Netherlands, Leiden University Branch, Leiden, Netherlands Reuben Nilus - Sabah Forestry Department, Sabah, Malaysia Rugayah - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Ruth Kiew - Forest Research Institute of Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia Uwe Braun - Institut fur Biologie Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Halle (Saale), Germany Yasuaki Sato - Osaka-Sangyo University, Osaka, Japan REINWARDTIA Vol 14, No 1, pp: 27−33 27 for Indonesia. About 17 species (68%) of Indonesian Amorphophallus are endemic, of which eight species occur in Sumatera, five species occurs in Java, three species occurs in Kalimantan and one species occurs in Sulawesi (Hetterscheid & Ittenbach, 1996). Within the Indonesian Archipelago, Java is floristically the best known. It was the first large Malesian area to be botanically explored. The immense anthropogenic pressures on the flora of Java have directly resulted in the degradation of plant diversity of this island, largely because of the extensive land conversion over many decades. The genus Amorphophallus is characterized as having a spadix consists of unisexual flowers, female flowers towards the base and male towards INTRODUCTION The genus Amorphophallus (Araceae – Thomsonieae) was established by Blume (1836- 1837) and fully revised by Engler (1911). Since then, several authors, for example, Bogner et al. (1985); Hetterscheid (1994), and Hetterscheid and Ittenbach (1996), have partly reviewed or discussed the genus and have described some new species (Yuzammi, 2009). This genus comprises ca. 200 species, distributed from West Africa, the subtropical eastern Himalayas throughout subtropical and tropical Asia into the tropical western pacific and north-east Australia (Sedayu et al., 2010; Boyce et al., 2012), of which 25 species (12.5%) are recorded CONSERVATION STATUS OF AMORPHOPHALLUS DISCOPHORUS BACKER & ALDERW. (ARACEAE) IN JAVA, INDONESIA Received September 29, 2013; accepted April 8, 2014 YUZAMMI Centre for Plant Conservation – Bogor Botanic Gardens, LIPI. Jln. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13 Bogor, 16122. E-mail: yuzammi@yahoo.co.id JOKO RIDHO WITONO Centre for Plant Conservation – Bogor Botanic Gardens, LIPI. Jln. Ir. H. Juanda No. 13 Bogor, 16122. WILBERT L. A. HETTERSCHEID Von Gimborn Arboretum Verlperengh 13941 BZ Doorn, Netherlands. ABSTRACT YUZAMMI, WITONO, J. R. & HETTERSCHEID, W. L. A. 2014. Conservation status of Amorphophallus discopho- rus Backer & Alderw. (Araceae) in Java, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 14 (1): 27 − 33. — Amorphophallus discophorus Backer & Alderw. is one of the Javan endemic aroid species. This species is locally endemic to the slopes of Mount Wilis in Kediri Regency (East Java) at elevations between 600–1300 m. Poorly known species like A. discophorus could easily become extinct if not distinguished from other species, such as A. muelleri, that are used for commercial purposes. The conversion of natural forests for agriculture over the last decade has resulted in a loss of suitable habitat for this species. Several field trips undertaken to locate natural populations of this species have proved unsuccessful. Based on these field exercises, A. discophorus is regarded as presumed extinct in the wild. Key words: Amorphophallus discophorus, Araceae, East Java, extinct, Mount Wilis. ABSTRAK YUZAMMI & WITONO, J. R. & HETTERSCHEID, W. L. A. 2014. Status konservasi Amorphophallus discophorus Backer & Alderw. (Araceae) di Jawa, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 14 (1): 27 − 33. — Salah satu jenis endemik yang berasal dari Jawa adalah Amorphophallus discophorus Backer & Alderw. Jenis ini merupakan jenis endemik yang ditemukan di lereng Gunung Wilis di Kabupaten Kediri, Jawa Timur pada ketinggian antara 600 – 1300 m. Pengetahuan dan pengenalan jenis A. discophorus sangat sedikit diketahui dan hal ini sangat mudah menjadikannya punah apabila tidak dapat membedakannya dengan jenis lain seperti A. muelleri, yaitu jenis yang telah lama dimanfaatkan untuk tujuan komersial. Dalam dekade terakhir banyak sekali ditemukan alih fungsi hutan menjadi lahan pertanian sehingga menyebabkan habitat yang sesuai untuk jenis ini menjadi hilang. Beberapa studi lapangan telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui populasi jenis ini di alam dan hasilnya tidak menemukan satupun jenis ini di habitat aslinya. Berdasarkan studi lapangan tersebut maka dapat dikatakan bahwa jenis ini telah punah di alam. Kata Kunci: Amorphophallus discophorus, Araceae, Jawa Timur, Gunung Wilis, punah. mailto:yuzammi@yahoo.co.id REINWARDTIA 28 [VOL.14 the apex and a spathe divided into a limb and convolute lower tube (Mayo et al., 1997). The spadix usually consists of numerous flowers that are sessile and very small. The female zone lies below the male zone and the appendix is located above the male zone. In general, the anthesis of female flowers is earlier than male flowers therefore the opportunity for self-pollination is limited. The polli- nation of species of Amorphophallus usually depends on insect pollinators such as beetles. There are eight species of Amorphophallus known to occur in Java, namely, A. annulifer Hett., A. decus-silvae Backer & Alderw., A. discophorus Backer & Alderw., A. muelleri Blume, A. paeonii- folius (Dennst.) Nicolson, A. sagittarius Steenis, A. spectabilis (Miq.) Engl. and A. variabilis Blume. Of these eight species, the following five are recognized as endemic: A. annulifer, A. decus- silvae, A. discophorus, A. sagittarius and A. specta- bilis (Yuzammi, 2009). It is mentioned in the protologue (Alderwerelt van Rosenburgh, 1920) that the species had only been found in Mount Wilis, Kediri Regency, East Jawa (Hetterscheid & Ittenbach, 1996; Yuzammi, 2009). The rapid development of the area surrounding of Mount Wilis has threatened the natural populations of A. discophorus. Several recent field studies failed to locate natural popula- tions of A. discophorus. This study of A. discopho- rus was funded by the Incentive Programs of Researchers and Engineer – Indonesian Institute of Sciences to the first and second authors. The remaining endemic species will be studied under other schemes. DESCRIPTION AMORPHOPHALLUS DISCOPHORUS Backer & Alderw., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. 3rd ser., vol. 1 (1920) 371; Backer, De Trop. Nat. 9(1) (1920) 23, figs. 5, 6; Bakhuizen v.d. Brink, Fl. of Java vol. 3 (1968) 112. ― Syntypes: Backer nrs. 11463bis, 11470, 11563 (BO, all), Indonesia, Java, Mt. Wilis (eastern ridges, above Kediri), alt. 1200-1300 m., 11 - 15 February 1914. Tuber depressed-globose. Leaf solitary; petiole 80 – 120 cm long, green with dark brown and greyish spots, the basal part rugose; lamina ca. 100 – 150 cm in diam; terminal segments elliptic or oblong- lanceolate, up to ca. 20 cm long, ca. 6 cm in diam, long acuminate, base abruptly and long decurrent. Inflorescence solitary, long peduncled; peduncle 80 – 150 cm long, rest as petiole; spathe ovate, ca. 15 – 20 cm long, ca. 7.5 – 14 cm in diam, acute or obtuse, sometimes shortly apiculate, outside base dull dark green with scattered whitish dots, upper part dirty greyish purple with scattered, faint paler dots, the margin darker, inside base pale yellowish green, then a narrow zone of purple with a distinct greyish waxy layer, the limb glossy dark maroon, base within with small, conical, obtuse verrucae. Spadix sessile, shorter or slightly longer than spathe, ca. 14 – 20 cm long; female zone cylindric, ca. 3 – 4 cm long, ca. 1.5 cm in diam, flowers congested; male zone obconic with a central, disciform swollen part, ca. 2 – 2.5 cm long, ca. 1 cm in diam at the base and 1.3 cm at the top, disc ca. 2 cm in diam, top roofed against the base of the appendix, flowers congested; appendix sessile, elongate conic, base truncated, broadly expanded (annuliform) and concave, ca. 10 – 15 cm long, ca. 2 – 3.5 cm in diam at the middle, surface verruculate, cream, yellowish green or dirty purple with a yellowish base, top obtusish or acutish, producing a heavy gas-like smell at female anthesis. Ovaries depressed or obovate, subcircular or angulate in cross section, 3 – 4 mm in diam, ca. 2 mm long, depressed in the middle, lower half yellowish green, upper half blackish purple and with a grooved surface, 2-locular, one basal ovule per locule; style 1 – 2 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diam at the base, dark purple; stigma conical, obtuse, ca. 1 mm high, ca. 1 mm in diam, bright yellow or brown, shalowly 2-lobed, lobes obtuse, surface echinulate; male flowers consisting of 3 – 4 stamens; stamens ca. 2.5 mm long; filaments ca. 1.5 mm long, connate; anthers truncate or slightly rounded, ca. 1 mm long, ca. 1 – 2 mm in diam, yellow, pores apical, elongate. Pollen striate. Fruits red. Distribution. Amorphophallus discophorus is locally endemic species as cited in type specimen and only found around Mount Wilis, East Java, Indonesia at secondary forest, 600 – 1.300 m alt. Additional specimens. Hetterscheid H. AM. 537 (L), Central Java, Mt. Wilis (orig. coll. Sizemore & Hambali 95-005, cult. in Leiden Bot. Garden). Notes. In nearly all respects, A. discophorus resembles A. annulifer Hett. from West Java. The latter species lacks the disc in the male zone and in large specimens the appendix is much longer than the spathe. From the syntypes, only Backer 11463bis could be located in BO. Unfortunately in this specimen the entire male zone is destroyed. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Amorphophallus discophorus can be dis- tinguished from others Javanese Amorphophallus by having swollen disc-like in male zone. It means that something with a round shape resembling a flat 2014] 29 YUZAMMI et al. : Conservation status of Amorphophallus discophorus in Jawa circular plate about in the middle of male zone. According to the protologue A. discophorus only occurs in the area surrounding Mount Wilis. Mount Wilis is an inactive volcano at an altitude 2.563 m asl (Anonymous, 2013). The peak of Mount Wilis is shared by six regencies namely Kediri Regency (the eastern part of Mount Wilis), Tulungagung Regency (the southeast part of Mount Wilis), Trenggalek Regency (the southern part of Mount Wilis), Ponorogo Regency (the western part of Mount Wilis), Madiun Regency (the northwest part of Mount Wilis) and Nganjuk Regency (the northern part of Mount Wilis). Five of six regencies (excluding Trenggalek Regency) located at the slopes of Mount Wilis have been explored (Table 1) in an effort to find A. discophorus. The first fieldwork conducted in 1998–1999 in the foot hills of Mount Wilis at Kediri Regency failed to find A. discophorus. Ten years later, a second round of fieldwork was conducted at two locations on the slope of Mount Wilis at Kediri Regency. The areas are managed by BKPH (Division of Forest Management Unit) Kediri and KPH (Forest Management Unit) Kediri and are located at Badut Village and Ampel Gading Village in Mojo District, Kediri Regency at an altitude of 727 – 835 m. It was also not possible to encounter the species during the second attemp. In the follow- ing year, another field work was carried out at Parang Village, Banyakan District in Kediri Regency at an elevation of 500 – 900 m asl. It was also unsuccessful. In 2010, the fieldwork was undertaken in a location managed by BKPH Wilis Barat, KPH Lawu Ds (Wagir Lor Village, Ngebel District, Ponorogo Regency at an altitude of 753-800 m) in both secondary and disturbed primary forests. How- ever, it was also unsuccessful. In 2011, subsequent work was conducted in Nganjuk Regency and Madiun Regency. The latest fieldwork was conducted in April 2013 in Madiun Regency. None of the field studies were successful. The failure to locate A. discophorus in the wild is probably caused by several factors. Firstly, most of secondary forest on the slopes of surrounding Mount Wilis has been converted into plantations such as timber, cassava and maize plantations in the last decades. These plantations are still in operation and it is here concluded that the land conversion probably damaged the habitat of the species. Secondly, the forest fire destroyed the forests on the slopes of Mount Wilis in 2009. Roqib (2009) mentioned that the fire started at RPH Sugihan, KPH Kediri in Kediri Regency at the elevation of 1.200–1.300 m. The fire continued to spread up to BKPH North Wilis and KPH Lawu. The fire has destroyed at least 90 ha of the slope of Mount Wilis. In the following years several forest fires occurred on Mount Wilis. In 2012, for example, a forest fire destroyed the forests on the western slope of Mount Wilis. This time the fire occurred in BKPH Dungus, Madiun Regency (Efendi, 2012). Forest fires that occurred on the slopes of Mount Wilis have damaged forest land and left the land in a critical condition. Futhermore, Mayo et al. (1997) mentioned that fire is very destructive and the re- moval of the forest favours the invasion of weedy plants which prevent the regeneration of the great majority of forest inhabiting Araceae. In this case, the fires not only burnt all of the growing plants of A. discophorus, but it also damaged tubers of this species. Finally, the inadequate knowledge of local people of the distinguishing features of A. discopho- Fig. 1. Amorphophallus discophorus: inflorescence (A), spadix with swallon disc-like in male zone, a part of spathe removed (B), tuber (C). (Photo: Wilbert Hetterscheid). A B C REINWARDTIA 30 [VOL.14 rus meant that it has been mistakenly harvested as of A. muelleri, its commercially grown relative. Apparently, the tuber size of A. discophorus is similar to A. muelleri. People who live on the slopes of Mount Wilis and surrounding areas mention that excessive harvesting of porang (A. muelleri) and other related species were carried out from 2007– 2009. All tubers of Amorphophallus were sent di- rectly to Surabaya and then processed into flour for export purposes. It is assumed that only tubers of A. muelleri were selected and processed, whereas tubers of other species (including A. discophorus) were removed and discarded. Flour of A. muelleri is known as the most valuable flour due to of its high glucomannan content (Sumarwoto, 2007). Now- adays, A. muelleri is cultivated in plantations in certain locations in East Java as the demand for flour of the species has increased. CONCLUSION Based on the field observations, A. discophorus is presumably extinct or, at the very least, locally extinct. Further searches for and field studies of natural populations of A. discophorus are required to clarify the conservation status of the species. Recommended localities that should be searched include the Trenggalek Regency, Tulungagung Regency and some areas in Kediri Regency. Fig. 2. Left – Java map (above) and East Java map (below); Right –The localities of fieldwork surrounding of Mount Wilis (red dots). Fig. 3. Slope of Mount Wilis at Kediri Regency, East Java. Almost all of the secondary forest has been destroyed. 2014] 31 YUZAMMI et al. : Conservation status of Amorphophallus discophorus in Jawa ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank to KPH Jawa Timur for permission to undertakes fieldwork in their management areas. We also thank to Sri Wahyuni and Mr. Sudarsono for the assis- tance during the field trips. A part of this fieldwork was supported by the Incentive Programs of Researchers and Engineer – Indonesian Institute of Sciences in 2009- 2011. REFERENCES ALDERWERELT van ROSENBURGH, C. R. W. K. 1920. New or noteworthy Malayan Araceae. Bulletin Jardin Botanical Buitenzorg 1 (3): 359–389. ANONYMOUS. 2013. Gunung Wilis. http:// id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Wilis (Accessed on 01 -08-13). BOGNER, J., MAYO, S. J. & SIVADASAN, M. 1985. New species and changing concepts in Amorphophallus. Aroideana 8: 15–24. BOYCE, P. C. A., SOOKCHALOEM, D, HETTERSCHEID, W. L. A., GUSMAN, G., JACOBSEN, N., IDEI, T. & VAN DU, N. 2012. Araceae. Flora of Thailand 11(2): 1–221. BLUME, C. L. 1836–1837. Collectanea ad mono- graphian Aroidearum. Rumphia 1: 73–124 (1836); 125–154 (1837). Leiden. EFENDI, A. W. 2012. Hutan Gunung Wilis Kembali T e r b a k a r . h t t p : / / d a e r a h . s i n d o n e w s . c o m / read/2012/10/04/23/677010/hutan -gunung-wilis- kembali-terbakar (Accessed on 12-08-2013). ENGLER, A. 1911. Araceae-Lasioideae. In: Engler, A. Pflanzenreich 48 (IV. 23C): 1–130. HETTERSCHEID, W. L. A. 1994. Notes on the genus Amorphophallus (Araceae) –2 new species from tropical Asia. Blumea 39: 237–281 HETTERSCHEID, W. L. A. & ITTENBACH, S. 1996. Everything you always wanted to know about Amor- phophallus, but were afraid to stick your nose into!!!!!. Aroideana 19: 7–131. MAYO, S. J., J. BOGNER & BOYCE, P. C. A. 1997. The genera of Araceae. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ROQIB, M. 2009. Lereng Gunung Wilis Kebakaran. h t t p : / / n e w s . o k e z o n e . c o m / read/2009/10/09/340/264317/lereng-gunung-wilis- kebakaran (Accessed on 12-08-13). SEDAYU, A., EURLINGS, M. C. M., GRAVENDEEL, B. & HETTERSCHEID, W. L. A. 2010. M o r p h o l o g i c a l c h a r a c t e r e v o l u t i o n o f Amorphophallus (Araceae) based on a combined phylogenetic analysis of trnL, rbcL and LEAFY Second Intron Sequences. Botanical Studies 51: 473 – 490. SUMARWOTO, 2007. Review: Constituen of manna of iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume). Bioteknologi 4 (1): 28–32. (In Indonesian). YUZAMMI. 2009. The genus Amorphophallus Blume ex Decaisne (Araceae-Thomsonieae) in Java. Reinward- tia 13(1): 1–12. http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Wilis http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunung_Wilis http://daerah.sindonews.com/read/2012/10/04/23/677010/hutan-gunung-wilis-kembali-terbakar http://daerah.sindonews.com/read/2012/10/04/23/677010/hutan-gunung-wilis-kembali-terbakar http://daerah.sindonews.com/read/2012/10/04/23/677010/hutan-gunung-wilis-kembali-terbakar http://news.okezone.com/read/2009/10/09/340/264317/lereng-gunung-wilis-kebakaran http://news.okezone.com/read/2009/10/09/340/264317/lereng-gunung-wilis-kebakaran http://news.okezone.com/read/2009/10/09/340/264317/lereng-gunung-wilis-kebakaran REINWARDTIA 32 [VOL.14 Table 1. Fieldwork localities to assess A. discophorus population surrounding Mount Wilis in East Java . No Localities No. of Population Year Latitude Longitude Altitude (m asl) 1. Badut Village, Mojo District, Kediri Regency, East Java 0 2009 S: 07⁰ 51’ 19.0” E: 111⁰ 52’ 40.2” 735 2. Ampel Village, Mojo District, Kediri Regency, East Java 0 2009 S: 07⁰ 52’ 07.1” E: 111⁰ 52’ 21.0” 727 3. Block 164A, RPH Kediri, KPH Kediri, Ampel Village, Mojo District, Kediri Regency, East Java 0 2009 S: 07⁰ 52’ 05.9” E: 111⁰ 51’ 43.0” 835 4. Jeli Village, Karangrejo District, Tulung Agung Regency, East Java 0 2009 S: 07⁰ 58’ 47.7” E: 111⁰ 55’ 03.9” 105 5. Padas Village, Dagangan District, Madiun Regency, East Java 0 2009 S: 07⁰ 44’ 09.2” E: 111⁰ 36’ 11.8” 315 6. Klepu Hamlet, Parang Village, Banyakan District, Kediri Regency, East Java 0 2010 S: 07⁰ 48’ 10.50” E: 111⁰ 53’ 44.52” 585 7. Goliman Hamlet, Parang Village, Banyakan District, Kediri Regency, East Java 0 2010 S: 07⁰ 48’ 06.46” E: 111⁰ 53’ 50.82” 500 8. Goliman Hamlet, Parang Village, Banyakan District, Kediri Regency, East Java 0 2010 S: 07⁰ 48’ 14.94” E: 111⁰ 53’ 43.80” 900 9. Ngebek lake, Wangir Lor Village, Ngebel District, Ponorogo Regency, East Java 0 2010 S: 07⁰ 47’ 49.91” E: 111⁰ 37’ 12.02” 753 10. Wangir Lor Village, Ngebel District, Ponorogo Regency, East Java 0 2010 S: 07⁰ 48’ 36.72” E: 111⁰ 37’ 5.41” 800 11. Pasar Kandangan, Kediri Regency, East Java 0 2011 S: 07⁰ 45’ 41” E: 112⁰ 16’ 38” 349 2014] 33 YUZAMMI et al. : Conservation status of Amorphophallus discophorus in Jawa Table 1. Fieldwork localities to assess A. discophorus population surrounding Mount Wilis in East Java (continued) 12. Ngudikan Village, Wilangan District, Nganjuk Regency, East Java 0 2011 S: 07⁰ 33’ 744” E: 111⁰ 50’ 224” 76 13. Mancon Village, Wilangan District, Nganjuk Regency, East Java 0 2011 S: 07⁰ 33’ 719” E: 111⁰ 49’ 274” 81 14. Sudimoro Harjo Village, Wilangan District, Nganjuk Regency, East Java 0 2011 S: 07⁰ 40’ 106” E: 111⁰ 47’ 002” 311 15. Krajan Hamlet, Siwalan Village, Sawahan District, Nganjuk Regency, East Java 0 2011 S: 07⁰ 41’ 924” E: 111⁰ 47’ 541” 394 16. Kebun Agung Village, Sawahan District, Nganjuk Regency, East Java 0 2011 S: 07⁰ 41’ 428” E: 111⁰ 48’ 586” 317 17. Kebun Agung Village, Sawahan District, Nganjuk Regency, East Java 0 2011 S: 07⁰ 41’ 450” E: 111⁰ 48’ 740” 296 18. Kuncir Hamlet, Kuncir Village, Ngetos District, Nganjuk Regency, East Java 0 2011 S: 07⁰ 41’ 655” E: 111⁰ 50’ 666” 176 19. Sumberbendo Village, Saradan District, Madiun Regency, East Java 0 2013 S: 07⁰ 28’ 50” E: 111⁰ 46’ 31” 305 20. Klangan Village, Saradan District, Madiun Regency, East Java 0 2013 S: 07⁰ 31’ 07” E: 111⁰ 45’ 04” 376 21. Padas Village, Dagangan District, Madiun Regency, East Java 0 2013 S: 07⁰ 59’ 51” E: 111⁰ 28’ 05” 318 INSTRUCTION TO AUTHORS Scope. Reinwardtia is a scientific irregular journal on plant taxonomy, plant ecology and ethnobotany published in December. Manuscript intended for a publication should be written in English. Titles. Titles should be brief, informative and followed by author's name and mailing address in one- paragraphed. Abstract. English abstract followed by Indonesian abstract of not more than 250 words. 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English description for new taxon proposed should be provided and the herbaria where the type specimens area deposited should be presented. Name of taxon in taxonomic treatment should be presented in the long form that is name of taxon, author's name, year of publication, abbreviated journal or book title, volume, number and page. Map/line drawing illustration/photograph. Map, line drawing illustration, or photograph preferably should be prepared in landscape presentation to occupy two columns. Illustration must be submitted as original art accompanying, but separated from the manuscript. The illustration should be saved in JPG or GIF format at least 350 pixels. Legends or illustration must be submitted separately at the end of the manuscript. References. Bibliography, list of literature cited or references follow the Harvard system as the following examples. Journal : KRAENZLIN, F. 1913. Cyrtandraceae novae Philippinenses I. Philipp. J. Sci. 8: 163-179. MAYER, V., MOLLER, ML, PERRET, M. & WEBER, A. 2003. Phylogenetic position and generic differentiation of Epithemateae (Gesneriaceae) inferred from plastid DNA sequence data. American J. Bot. 90: 321-329. Proceedings :TEMU, S. T. 1995. Peranan tumbuhan dan ternak dalam upacara adat "Djoka Dju" pada suku Lio, Ende, Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur. In: NASUTION, E. (Ed.). Presiding Seminar dan Lokakarya Nasional Etnobotani II. LIP1 & Perpustakaan Nasional: 263-268. (In Indonesian). SIMBOLON, H. & MIRMANTO, E. 2000. Checklist of plant species in the peat swamp forests of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: IWAKUMA et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the International Symposium on: Tropical Peatlands. Pp. 179-190. Book : RIDLEY, H. N. 1923. Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2. L. Reeve & Co. Ltd, London. Part of Book : BENTHAM, G. 1876. Gesneriaceae. In: BENTHAM, G. & HOOKER, J. D. Genera plantarum 2. Lovell Reeve & Co., London. Pp. 990-1025. Thesis : BAIRD, L. 2002. A Grammar of Keo: An Austronesian language of East Nusantara. Australian National University, Canberra. [PhD. Thesis]. Website : http://www.nationaalherbarium.n1/fmcollectors/k/Kostermans AJGH.htm). Accessed 15 February 2012. Reinwardtia Published by Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Address: Jin. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46 Cibinong 16911, P.O. Box 25 Cibinong Telp. (+ 62) 21 8765066; Fax (+62) 21 8765062 E-mail: reinwardtia@mail.lipi.go.id REINWARDTIA Author Agreement Form Title of article Name of Author(s) : I/We hereby declare that: • My/Our manuscript was based on my/our original work. • It was not published or submitted to other journal for publication. • I/we agree to publish my/our manuscript and the copyright of this article is owned by Reinwardtia. • We have obtained written permission from copyright owners for any excerpts from copyrighted works that are included and have credited the sources in our article. Author signature (s) Date Name MUHAMMAD EFFENDI, TATIK CHIKMAWATI & DEDY DARNAEDI. New cytotypes of Pteris ensiformis var. victoria from Indonesia 133 SUZANA SABRAN, REUBEN NILUS, JOAN T. PEREIRA & JOHN BAPTIST SUGAU. Contribution of the heart of Borneo (HoB) initiative towards botanical exploration in Sabah, Malaysia 137 WENNI SETYO LESTARI, BAYU ADJIE, TASSANAI JARUWATANAPHAN, YASUYUKI WATANO & MADE PHAR- MAWATI. Molecular phylogeny of maidenhair fern genus Adiantum (Pteridaceae) from Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia based on Rbcl and Trnl-f 143 ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA & DANIEL POTTER. Floristic study of Mekongga Protected Forest: towards establishment of the Mekongga National Park 157 YESSI SANTIKA, EKA FATMAWATI TIHURUA & TEGUH TRIONO. Comparative leaves anatomy of Pandanus, Freycinetia and Sararanga (Pandanaceae) and their diagnostic value 163 SUHARDJONO PRAWIROATMODJO & KUSWATA KARTAWINATA. Floristic diversity and structural characteristics of mangrove forest of Raj a Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia 171 IAN M. TURNER. A new combination in Orophea (Annonaceae) for Uvaria nitida Roxb. ex G. Don 181 IVAN S AVINOV. Taxonomic revision of Asian genus Glyptopetalum Thwaites (Celastraceae R. Br.) 183 YUSI ROSALINA, NISYAWATL ERWIN NURDIN, JATNA SUPRIATNA & KUSWATA KARTAWINATA. Floristic compo- sition and structure of a peat swamp forest in the conservation area of the PT National Sago Prima, Selat Panjang, Riau, Indone- sia 193 IMAN HID AY AT & JAMJAN MEEBOON. Cercospora brunfelsiicola (Fungi, Mycosphaerellaceae), a new tropical Cercosporoid fungus on Brunfelsia uniflora 211 MAX VAN BALGOOY & ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA. Flora of Bali: a provisional checklist 219 EKA FATMAWATI TIHURUA & INA ERLINAWATI. Leaf anatomy of Pandanus spp. (Pandanceae) from Sebangau and Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya National Park, Kalimantan, Indonesia 223 JULIA SANG & RUTH KIEW. Diversity of Begonia (Begoniaceae) in Borneo - How many species are there? 23 3 DIAN LATIFAH, ROBERT A. CONGDON & JOSEPH A. HOLTUM. A Physiological approach to conservation of four palm species: Arenga australasica, Calamus australis, Hydriastele wendlandiana saALicuala ramsayi 237 REINWARDTIA Vol. 14. No. 1.2014 CONTENTS Page ABDULROKHMAN KARTONEGORO & DANIEL POTTER. The Gesneriaceae of Sulawesi VI: the species from Mekongga Mts. with a new species of Cyrtandra described 1 LIM CHUNG LU & RUTH KIEW. Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) sections in Peninsular Malaysia 13 WISNU H. ARDI, YAYAN W. C. KUSUMA, CARL E. LEWIS, ROSNIATI A. RISNA, HARRY WIRIADINATA, MELISSA E. ABDO & DANIEL C. THOMAS. Studies on Begonia (Begoniaceae) of the Molucca Islands I: Two new species from Halmahera, Indonesia, and an updated description of Begonia holosericea 19 YUZAMMI, JOKO R. WITONO & WILBERT L. A. HETTERSCHEID. Conservation status of Amorphophallus discophorus Backer & Alderw. (Araceae) in Java, Indonesia 27 MOHAMMAD F. ROYYANI & JOENI S. RAHAJOE. Behind the sacred tree: local people and their natural resources sustainabil- ity 35 FIFI GUS DWIYANTI, KOICHI KAMIYA & KO HARADA. Phylogeographic structure of the commercially important tropical tree species, Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. F. (Dipterocarpaceae) revealed by microsatellite markers 43 SACHIKO NISHIDA & HENK VAN DER WERFF. Do cuticle characters support the recognition of Alseodaphne, Nothaphoebe and Dehaasia as distinct genera? 53 NURUL AMAL LATIFF, RAHAYU SUKMARIA SUKRI & FAIZAH METALI. Nepenthes diversity and abundance in five habi- tats in Brunei Damssalam 67 NURUL HAZLINA ZATNI & RAHAYU SUKMARIA SUKRI. The diversity and abundance of ground herbs in lowland mixed Dipterocarp forest and heath forest in Brunei Darussalam 73 MUHAMMAD AMIRUL AIMAN AHMAD JUHARI, NORATNI TALIP, CHE NURUL ATNI CHE AMRI & MOHAMAD RUZI ABDUL RAHMAN. Trichomes morphology of petals in some species of Acanthaceae 79 DIAN ROSLEINE, EIZI SUZUKI, ATIH SUNDAWIATI, WARDI SEPTIANA & DESY EKAWATI. The effect of land use history on natural forest rehabilitation at corridor area of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia 85 JULIUS KULIP. The Ethnobotany of the Dusun people in Tikolod village, Tambunan district, Sabah, Malaysia 101 PETER O'BYRNE. On the evolution of Dipodium R. Br 123 Reinwardtia is a LIPI accredited Journal (517/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/04/2013) Herbarium Bogoriense Botany Division Research Center for Biology - Indonesian Institute of Sciences Cibinong Science Center Jln. Raya Jakarta - Bogor, Km 46 Cibinong 16911, P.O. Box 25 Cibinong Indonesia barudepan 392-565-1-SM belakangbaru img577_Page_1 img577_Page_2 img577_Page_3 img577_Page_4