REINWARDTIA A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY, PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY Vol. 14(1): 1 - 2 4 8 , December 23, 2014 Chief Editor Kartini Kramadibrata (Mycologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Editors Dedy Darnaedi (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Tukirin Partomihardjo (Ecologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Joeni Setijo Rahajoe (Ecologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Marlina Ardiyani (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Topik Hidayat (Taxonomist, Indonesia University of Education, Indonesia) Eizi Suzuki (Ecologist, Kagoshima University, Japan) Jun Wen (Taxonomist, Smithsonian Natural History Museum, USA) Managing Editor Himmah Rustiami (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Lulut Dwi Sulistyaningsih (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Secretary Endang Tri Utami Layout Editor Deden Sumirat Hidayat Medi Sutiyatno Illustrators Subari Wahyudi Santoso Anne Kusumawaty Correspondence on editorial matters and subscriptions for Reinwardtia should be addressed to: HERBARIUM BOGORIENSE, BOTANY DIVISION, RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY- INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES CIBINONG SCIENCE CENTER, JLN. RAYA JAKARTA - BOGOR KM 46, CIBINONG 16911, P.O. Box 25 Cibinong INDONESIA PHONE (+62) 21 8765066; Fax (+62) 21 8765062 E-MAIL: reinwardtia@mail.lipi.go.id 1 2 3 4 1 3 4 4 Cover images: 1. Begonia holosericeoides (female flower and habit) (Begoniaceae; Ardi et al.); 2. Abaxial cuticles of Alseodaphne rhododendropsis (Lauraceae; Nishida & van der Werff); 3. Dipo- dium puspitae, Dipodium purpureum (Orchidaceae; O'Byrne); 4. Agalmyla exannulata, Cyrtandra coccinea var. celebica, Codonoboea kjellbergii (Gesneriaceae; Kartonegoro & Potter). The Editors would like to thanks all reviewers of volume 14(1): Abdulrokhman Kartonegoro - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Altafhusain B. Nadaf - University of Pune, Pune, India Amy Y. Rossman - Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory USDA-ARS, Beltsville, USA Andre Schuiteman - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Ary P. Keim - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Barry Conn - Royal Botanic Gardens National Herbarium of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Dato' Abdul Latiff Mohamad - Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Daniel Potter - Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA Deby Arifiani - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Ferry J. W. Slik - University of Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Henti H. Rachmat - Conservation and Rehabilitation Research and Development Center, Bogor, Indonesia Ian M. Turner - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Iskandar Z. Siregar - Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia Jay H. Bernstein - Kingsborough Community College, Brooklyn, New York, USA Jens G. Rohwer - University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Joan Pereira - SAN Herbarium, Sabah Forestry Department, Sabah, Malaysia Kuswata Kartawinata - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Lars H. Schmidt - University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Mark Hughes - Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh, UK Masahiro Kato - Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Nuril Hidayati - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Ong Poh Teck - Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia Peter C. van Welzen - National Herbarium Netherlands, Leiden University Branch, Leiden, Netherlands Reuben Nilus - Sabah Forestry Department, Sabah, Malaysia Rugayah - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Ruth Kiew - Forest Research Institute of Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia Uwe Braun - Institut fur Biologie Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Halle (Saale), Germany Yasuaki Sato - Osaka-Sangyo University, Osaka, Japan REINWARDTIA Vol 14, No 1, pp: 79 − 83 79 about the phylogenetic of this plant family is very little and thus prevent from comparative study being conducted. Not only known as horticulture plant, this family also have an economic value and useful for medicinal purposes (Grant, 1955). Trichomes are defined as unicellular or multicel- lular appendages, which originates from the epider- mal cells and develop outwards on the surface of various plant organs and often covered the aerial organs or plants, and the morphology of trichomes structures vary greatly between species (Werker, 2000). Cutler et al. (2008) stated that, trichomes are hairs, papillae and scales that exhibit the same wide INTRODUCTION Acanthaceae is a plant family under the order Lamiales with at least of 4000 tropical and subtropi- cal species (Borg, 2008). There are three subfami- lies in Acanthaceae which are Acanthoideae, Thun- bergioideae and also Nelsonioideae (Borg &Schonenberger, 2011). Acanthaceae is known as third largest tropical plant family after Myrtaceae and Melastomataceae (Grant, 1955). According to McDade et al. (2008), even though Acanthaceae is an important plant family in the tropical and sub- tropical countries of the world, the information TRICHOMES MORPHOLOGY ON PETALS OF SOME ACANTHACEAE SPECIES Received November 28, 2013; accepted June 5, 2014 MUHAMMAD AMIRUL AIMAN AHMAD JUHARI School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.43600 Bangi, Selangor. E-mail: amirulaimanahmad@gmail.com NORAINI TALIP School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.43600 Bangi, Selangor. E-mail: ntalip@ukm.edu.my CHE NURUL AINI CHE AMRI School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.43600 Bangi, Selangor. MOHAMAD RUZI ABDUL RAHMAN School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.43600 Bangi, Selangor. ABSTRACT JUHARI, M. A. A. A., NORAINI. T., AMRI, C. N. A. C. & RAHMAN, M. R. A. 2014. Trichomes morphology in petals of some Acanthaceae species. Reinwardtia 14(1): 79 – 83. ― A preliminary taxonomic study was carried out on seven Acanthaceae species namely as Andrographis paniculata, Pseuderanthemum graciliflorum, P. carruthersii, Asystasia gangetica ssp. micrantha, Ruellia repens, Justicia comata and J. betonica. The study was undertaken to investigate the morphology of trichomes present on the surfaces of flower petal. The variations found in this study are in their types and density. Based on observation, two forms of trichomes are present in all species studies which are glandular and non-glandular trichomes. There are seven types of trichomes found in this study. Trichomes types are shown to have systematic significance that can be used to differentiate and identify certain Acanthaceae species studied. Key words: Acanthaceae, floral anatomy, trichomes. ABSTRACT JUHARI, M. A. A. A., NORAINI. T., AMRI, C. N. A. C. & RAHMAN, M. R. A. 2014. Morfologi trikom daun mahkota beberapa jenis Acanthaceae. Reinwardtia 14(1): 79 – 83. ― Studi pendahuluan taksonomi dilakukan pada beberapa jenis Acanthaceae yaitu Andrographis paniculata, Pseuderanthemum graciliflorum, P. carruthersii, Asystasia gangetica ssp micrantha, Ruellia repens, Justicia comata dan J. betonica. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui morfologi trikom yang terdapat pada permukaan daun mahkota bunga. Dalam studi ini ditemukan variasi pada tipe dan kepadatannya. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan semua jenis diketahui terdapat dua bentuk trikom yaitu berbentuk kelenjar dan tidak berkelenjar. Terdapat tujuh macam trickom pada pengamatan ini. Tipe trikom secara sistematika menunjuk- kan karakter diagnostik untuk membedakan serta mengidentifikasi beberapa jenis Acanthaceae pada studi ini. Kata kunci: Acanthaceae, anatomi bunga, trikom. REINWARDTIA 80 [VOL.14 range as on the leaf and the type of hair can be of diagnostic value at species level, sometimes also at genus level, but rarely at family level. According to Navarro & El Oualidi (2000), trichomes also known as hairs or glandular hairs commonly found on the epidermis of plants. It is among the most useful taxonomic characters. On the other hand, they serve as physical and chemical block against biotic and abiotic stresses (Kim et al., 2012). Rao & Rama- yana (1977) stated that, the trichomes types are not only serve in the identification of species but also their corresponding part thus being important in pharmacognosy, archaeobotany, paleobotany and agronomy. The morphological and mechanical features (density, size, shape, surface texture, hair orienta- tion) of trichomes can influence many aspects of plant physiology and ecology, such as to reduce insects movements, mechanical abrasion, and leaf wetness, for temperature regulation, increase light reflectance (including UV), decrease water loss through reflection, protection of phylloplane organisms, pollinator attraction, allelopathy and many more (Wagner et al., 2004). Therefore this study was conducted to investigate the detail morphology of trichomes of all species studied and to investigate its systematic significance in the family Acanthaceae. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seven Acanthaceae species were chosen namely as Andrographis paniculata Nees, Pseuderanthe- mum graciliflorum Ridl., P. carruthersii (Seem) Guillaumin, Asystasia gangetica ssp. micrantha (L.) T. Anderson, Ruellia repens (Nees) Angely, Justicia comata (L) Lam. and J. betonica T. Ander- son. All species studied belong to the subfamily Acanthoideae. The fresh flower materials were collected from several locations in Peninsular Malaysia such as Tasik Chini, Felda Chini, Felda Chemomoi, Pahang, and Hutan Lipur Sungai Kanching, Selangor. Fresh flower specimens were fixed in AA (70% Ethanol: 30% Acetic Acid in a ratio of 1:3). A measurement of 1 cm × 1 cm flower petal was cleared using Basic fuchsion solution (10% Basic fuchsion and 10% KOH), and placed in the microwave at about 60 0 C for several hours. This was done to ensure that the epidermis layers of the samples were completely removed. Cleared petal specimens were mounted on the glass slides using Canada balsam and kept in the oven at 60 0 C for about two weeks. Photograph of cleared petals was taken using video camera DP 25 Olympus attached to an Olympus microscope and images were processed using Cell^B Software and Adobe Photo- shop. The preparations of the slides followed method by Johansen (1940) and Sass (1958) with suitable modifications. RESULTS The findings of this study have shown that eleven types of trichomes were found including eight non-glandular and three glandular trichomes listed as follows (Singh & Jain, 1975): I. Non-glandular unicellular- Conical filiform uni- cellular trichome (A (i)) II. Non-glandular unicellular - Papilose unicellular trichomes (D (i)) III. Non-glandular uniseriate filiform-Bicelled trichomes(C(i)) IV. Non-glandular uniseriate filiform- Simple fili- form trichomes (E) V. Non-glandular uniseriate filiform- Clavate fili- form trichomes (C(ii)) VI. Non-glandular uniseriate filiform - Conical fili- form trichomes (F(ii)) VII. Non-glandular uniseriate filiform- Cylindrical filiform trichomes (B) VIII. Non-glandular uniseriate filiform Pedestal- lated filiform trichomes (G(ii)) IX. Peltate glandular -With multi-celled head, 1-3 elongated stalk cells and a small neck cell (A (ii)) X. Peltate glandular -Multicellular head (F(i)) XI. Vesicular glandular - With unicellular head and 1-2-cells stalk (G(i)) The summary of trichomes types on petal of all species studied is shown in Table 1. Non-glandular types of trichomes are found on the surfaces of the petal in all of the species studied. The glandular trichomes present in three species studied which are peltate glandular - with multi-celled head, 1-3 elongated stalk cells and a small neck cell in Andrographis paniculata, Peltate glandular - multi- cellular head in Justicia comata and vesicular glan- dular - with unicellular head and 1-2-celled stalk in Justicia betonica, but absent in other four species. Two types of non-glandular trichomes were found on the species of Asystasia gangetica ssp. micrantha in this study which are non-glandular uniseriate filiform - bicelled trichomes and non- glandular uniseriate filiform - clavate filiform trichomes, whereas other species only consist of one type of non-glandular trichomes. DISCUSSION According to Hardin (1979), the morphological characteristics of trichomes have played an impor- 2014] 81 JUHARI et al.:Trichomes morphology on petals of some Acanthaceae species tant role in plant systematics, especially of particu- lar group at generic and specific levels. Previous study has suggested that the presence or absence of peltate hairs and their forms, size and colour could be used in distinguishing between genera and species of plants (Spring, 2000). Hairs or trichomes may serve to protect buds of some plants until defense phytochemicals are produced (Johnson, 1975). Dead trichomes may continue to function in water absorption, seed dispersal and abrasion pro- tection (Werker, 2000). From result obtained, all of the species studied consists of non-glandular trichomes on its petal (Fig. 1; Table 1). Except for Asystasia gangetica ssp. micrantha, all of other species studied having only one type of non-glandular trichomes. According to Metcalfe (1960) non-glandular trichomes are called prinkle hairs and have smooth cell wall surfaces. Non-glandular unicellular trichomes can only be found in Andrographis pani- culata and Pseuderanthemum carruthersii, while the other species consists of non-glandular uniseri- ate filiform trichomes. In the species with glandular trichomes, only Justicia betonica are having glan- dular vesicular trichomes, whereas, Andrographis paniculata and Justicia comata are having glandular peltate trichomes. Andrographis paniculata, Justicia comata, and Justicia betonica are the only species that having non-glandular and glandular trichomes on the surfaces of the petals. Therefore, the type of trichomes presence can be used as the diagnostic characteristics for species differentiation of these seven species. Ascensão et al. (1996) stated that, the great diversity of plant trichomes has attract botanists interest by their adaptive and taxo- nomic value and in some family, this can be used as discriminative characters at subfamiliar level. Both of non-glandular and glandular trichomes were found in this study. Non-glandular and glandu- lar trichomes are classified according to their morphology. On the petal, the non-glandular trichomes are unicellular and multicellular with one to three cells and also pointed-shaped. Some of the non-glandular trichomes consist of echinate orna- mentation on its surfaces. They may be unicellular or multicellular, and both types can be unbranched and branched (Amalia et al., 2013). Simple trichomes can forms at various stages of organ development, and same senescence before the organ reaches maturity, while others remain until plant senescence (Wagner et al., 2003). There are two type of glandular trichomes found, which are the peltate and vesicular glandular trichomes. Werker (1993) stated that glandular trichomes produced essential oils in order to protect the aerial parts of the plants against herbivores and pathogens. Peltate trichomes also have different secretion processes. The secretory product in peltate trichomes remain trapped in a large subcuticular cavity, and the cuticular will only rupture if there are external factors such as high temperatures, low air humidity or animal aggression (Ascensão et al., 1996). As a conclusion, findings in this study have shown and proven that the presence and types of trichomes have systematic significance in all seven species studied. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to thank Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) for providing us with many facilities to conduct this study. REFERENCES AMALIA, R., NORAINI, T., JALIFAH, L., RUZI, A. R. & IDRIS, S. 2013. Morphology of trichomes in Po- gostemon cablin Benth. (Lamiaceae). Australian Journal of Crop Science 7(6): 744–749. ASCENSÂO, L., MARQUES, N. & PAIS, M. S. 1996. Glandular trichomes on vegetative and reproductive organs of Leonotis leonurus (Lamiaceae). Annals of Botany 75: 619–626. BORG, A. J. 2008. Phylogenetics and floral structure in Thunbergioideae and Avicennia (Acanthaceae). Li- centiate Thesis in Systematic Botany. Department of Botany. Stockholm University (Unpublished Re- search Article). BORG, A. J. & SCHONENBERGER, J. 2011. Compara- tive floral development and structure of the black mangrove genus Avicennia L. and related taxa in the Acanthaceae. International Journal of Plant Sciences 172: 330–344. CUTLER, D. F., BOTHA, T. & STEVENSON, D. W. 2008. Plant anatomy: an applied approach. Blackwell Publishing. United Kingdom. GRANT, W. F. 1955. A cytogenetic study in the Acan- thaceae. Brittonia 8(2): 121–149. HARDIN, J. W. 1979. Atlas of foliar surface features in woody plants, I. Vesture and trichome types of east- ern North America. Quercus Bulletin Torrey Botany. Club 106: 313-325. JOHANSEN, D. A. 1940. Plant Microtechnique. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company Inc. P. 97. JOHNSON, H. B. 1975. Plant pubescence: an ecological perspective. Botanical Review 41: 233–253. KIM, H. J., SEO, E.Y., KIM, J. H., CHEONG, H. J., KANG, B. C., & CHOI, D. I. 2012. Morphological classification of trichomes associated with possible biotic stress resistance in the genus Capsicum. The Plant Pathology Journal 28(1): 107–113. MCDADE, L. A., DANIEL, T. F. & KIEL, C. A. 2008. Toward a comprehensive understanding of phyloge- netic relationships among lineages of Acanthaceae s. l. (Lamiales). American Journal of Botany 95(9): REINWARDTIA 82 [VOL.14 1136–1152. METCALFE, C. R. 1960. Anatomy of the monocotyle- dons: I. Graminae. Clarendon Press, Oxford. UK. NAVARRO, T. & EL OUALIDI, J. 2000. Trichome morphology in Teucrim L. (Labiatae). A taxonomic review. Anales Jardin Botanico De Madrid 57(2): 277–297. RAO, S. R. S. & RAMAYANA, N. 1977. Structure dis- tribution and taxonomic importance of trichomes in the Indian species of Malvastrum. Phytomorphology. 27: 40–44. SASS, J. E. 1958. Botanical Microtechnique. 3 rd . ed. Pp. 78. Lowa: State University Press. SINGH, V. & JAIN, D. K. 1975. Trichomes in Acantha- G F E C D B A (i) (ii (i) (ii (i) (i) (ii (ii (ii (i) Fig. 1. Trichomes on petal of A. Andrographis paniculata. B. Pseuderanthemum graciliflorum. C. Asystasia gangetica ssp. micrantha. D. Pseuderanthemum carruthersii. E. Ruellia repens. F. Justicia comata. G. Justicia betonica. ceae. I. General structure. Journal of Indian Botanical Society. 54: 116–127. SPRING, O. 2000. Chemotaxonomy based on metabo- lites from glandular trichomes. Advances in Botanical Research 31: 153–174. WAGNER, G. J., WANG, E. & SHEPHERD, R. W. 2004. New approaches for studying and exploiting an old protuberance, the plant trichome. Annals of Botany 93: 3–11. WERKER, E. 1993. Function of essential oil secreting glandular hairs in aromatic plants of Lamiaceae-a review. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 8: 249–255. WERKER, E. 2000. Trichome diversity and develop- ment. In: HALLAHAN D. L. & GRAY J. S. (Eds.), Advances in Botanical Research. 31: 1–35. 2014] 83 JUHARI et al.:Trichomes morphology on petals of some Acanthaceae species T a b le 1 . L is t o f sp e c ie s st u d ie d a n d t y p e s o f tr ic h o m e s fo u n d i n t h is s tu d y . S p e c ie s N o n G la n d u la r G la n d u la r P e lt a te V e si c u la r C o n ic a l fi li fo rm P a p il o se B ic e ll e d S im p le fi li fo rm C la v a te fi li fo rm C o n ic a l fi li fo rm P e d e st e ll a te d fi li fo rm W it h m u lt ic e ll e d h e a d , 1 -3 e lo n g a te d s ta lk c e ll s & a sm a ll n e c k c e ll M u lt ic e ll u - la r h e a d W it h u n ic e ll u la r h e a d & 1 -2 -c e ll e d s ta lk A n d ro g ra p h is p a n ic u la ta + - - - - - - + - - P se u d e ra n th e m u m g ra c il if lo ru m - - - - - - + - - - A sy st a si a g a n g e ti c a s sp . m ic ra n th a - - + - + - - - - - P se u d e ra n th e m u m c a rr u th e rs ii - + - - - - - - - - R u e ll ia r e p e n s - - - + - - - - - - J u st ic a c o m a te - - - - - + - - + - J u st ic a b e to n ic a - - - - - - - - - + REINWARDTIA 84 [VOL.14 INSTRUCTION TO AUTHORS Scope. Reinwardtia is a scientific irregular journal on plant taxonomy, plant ecology and ethnobotany published in December. Manuscript intended for a publication should be written in English. Titles. Titles should be brief, informative and followed by author's name and mailing address in one- paragraphed. Abstract. English abstract followed by Indonesian abstract of not more than 250 words. Keywords should be given below each abstract. Manuscript. Manuscript is original paper and represent an article which has not been published in any other journal or proceedings. The manuscript of no more than 200 pages by using Times New Roman 11, MS Word for Windows of A4 with double spacing, submitted to the editor through . New paragraph should be indented in by 5 characters. For the style of presentation, authors should follow the latest issue of Reinwardtia very closely. Author(s) should send the preferred running title of the article submitted. Every manuscript will be sent to two blind reviewers. Identification key. Taxonomic identification key should be prepared using the aligned couplet type. Nomenclature. Strict adherence to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature is observed, so that taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties should be clearly shown. English description for new taxon proposed should be provided and the herbaria where the type specimens area deposited should be presented. Name of taxon in taxonomic treatment should be presented in the long form that is name of taxon, author's name, year of publication, abbreviated journal or book title, volume, number and page. Map/line drawing illustration/photograph. Map, line drawing illustration, or photograph preferably should be prepared in landscape presentation to occupy two columns. Illustration must be submitted as original art accompanying, but separated from the manuscript. The illustration should be saved in JPG or GIF format at least 350 pixels. Legends or illustration must be submitted separately at the end of the manuscript. References. Bibliography, list of literature cited or references follow the Harvard system as the following examples. Journal : KRAENZLIN, F. 1913. Cyrtandraceae novae Philippinenses I. Philipp. J. Sci. 8: 163-179. MAYER, V., MOLLER, ML, PERRET, M. & WEBER, A. 2003. Phylogenetic position and generic differentiation of Epithemateae (Gesneriaceae) inferred from plastid DNA sequence data. American J. Bot. 90: 321-329. Proceedings :TEMU, S. T. 1995. Peranan tumbuhan dan ternak dalam upacara adat "Djoka Dju" pada suku Lio, Ende, Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur. In: NASUTION, E. (Ed.). Presiding Seminar dan Lokakarya Nasional Etnobotani II. LIP1 & Perpustakaan Nasional: 263-268. (In Indonesian). SIMBOLON, H. & MIRMANTO, E. 2000. Checklist of plant species in the peat swamp forests of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: IWAKUMA et al. (Eds.) Proceedings of the International Symposium on: Tropical Peatlands. Pp. 179-190. Book : RIDLEY, H. N. 1923. Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2. L. Reeve & Co. Ltd, London. Part of Book : BENTHAM, G. 1876. Gesneriaceae. In: BENTHAM, G. & HOOKER, J. D. Genera plantarum 2. Lovell Reeve & Co., London. Pp. 990-1025. Thesis : BAIRD, L. 2002. A Grammar of Keo: An Austronesian language of East Nusantara. Australian National University, Canberra. [PhD. Thesis]. Website : http://www.nationaalherbarium.n1/fmcollectors/k/Kostermans AJGH.htm). Accessed 15 February 2012. Reinwardtia Published by Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Address: Jin. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46 Cibinong 16911, P.O. Box 25 Cibinong Telp. (+ 62) 21 8765066; Fax (+62) 21 8765062 E-mail: reinwardtia@mail.lipi.go.id REINWARDTIA Author Agreement Form Title of article Name of Author(s) : I/We hereby declare that: • My/Our manuscript was based on my/our original work. • It was not published or submitted to other journal for publication. • I/we agree to publish my/our manuscript and the copyright of this article is owned by Reinwardtia. • We have obtained written permission from copyright owners for any excerpts from copyrighted works that are included and have credited the sources in our article. Author signature (s) Date Name MUHAMMAD EFFENDI, TATIK CHIKMAWATI & DEDY DARNAEDI. New cytotypes of Pteris ensiformis var. victoria from Indonesia 133 SUZANA SABRAN, REUBEN NILUS, JOAN T. PEREIRA & JOHN BAPTIST SUGAU. Contribution of the heart of Borneo (HoB) initiative towards botanical exploration in Sabah, Malaysia 137 WENNI SETYO LESTARI, BAYU ADJIE, TASSANAI JARUWATANAPHAN, YASUYUKI WATANO & MADE PHAR- MAWATI. Molecular phylogeny of maidenhair fern genus Adiantum (Pteridaceae) from Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia based on Rbcl and Trnl-f 143 ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA & DANIEL POTTER. Floristic study of Mekongga Protected Forest: towards establishment of the Mekongga National Park 157 YESSI SANTIKA, EKA FATMAWATI TIHURUA & TEGUH TRIONO. Comparative leaves anatomy of Pandanus, Freycinetia and Sararanga (Pandanaceae) and their diagnostic value 163 SUHARDJONO PRAWIROATMODJO & KUSWATA KARTAWINATA. Floristic diversity and structural characteristics of mangrove forest of Raj a Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia 171 IAN M. TURNER. A new combination in Orophea (Annonaceae) for Uvaria nitida Roxb. ex G. Don 181 IVAN S AVINOV. Taxonomic revision of Asian genus Glyptopetalum Thwaites (Celastraceae R. Br.) 183 YUSI ROSALINA, NISYAWATL ERWIN NURDIN, JATNA SUPRIATNA & KUSWATA KARTAWINATA. Floristic compo- sition and structure of a peat swamp forest in the conservation area of the PT National Sago Prima, Selat Panjang, Riau, Indone- sia 193 IMAN HID AY AT & JAMJAN MEEBOON. Cercospora brunfelsiicola (Fungi, Mycosphaerellaceae), a new tropical Cercosporoid fungus on Brunfelsia uniflora 211 MAX VAN BALGOOY & ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA. Flora of Bali: a provisional checklist 219 EKA FATMAWATI TIHURUA & INA ERLINAWATI. Leaf anatomy of Pandanus spp. (Pandanceae) from Sebangau and Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya National Park, Kalimantan, Indonesia 223 JULIA SANG & RUTH KIEW. Diversity of Begonia (Begoniaceae) in Borneo - How many species are there? 23 3 DIAN LATIFAH, ROBERT A. CONGDON & JOSEPH A. HOLTUM. A Physiological approach to conservation of four palm species: Arenga australasica, Calamus australis, Hydriastele wendlandiana saALicuala ramsayi 237 REINWARDTIA Vol. 14. No. 1.2014 CONTENTS Page ABDULROKHMAN KARTONEGORO & DANIEL POTTER. The Gesneriaceae of Sulawesi VI: the species from Mekongga Mts. with a new species of Cyrtandra described 1 LIM CHUNG LU & RUTH KIEW. Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) sections in Peninsular Malaysia 13 WISNU H. ARDI, YAYAN W. C. KUSUMA, CARL E. LEWIS, ROSNIATI A. RISNA, HARRY WIRIADINATA, MELISSA E. ABDO & DANIEL C. THOMAS. Studies on Begonia (Begoniaceae) of the Molucca Islands I: Two new species from Halmahera, Indonesia, and an updated description of Begonia holosericea 19 YUZAMMI, JOKO R. WITONO & WILBERT L. A. HETTERSCHEID. Conservation status of Amorphophallus discophorus Backer & Alderw. (Araceae) in Java, Indonesia 27 MOHAMMAD F. ROYYANI & JOENI S. RAHAJOE. Behind the sacred tree: local people and their natural resources sustainabil- ity 35 FIFI GUS DWIYANTI, KOICHI KAMIYA & KO HARADA. Phylogeographic structure of the commercially important tropical tree species, Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. F. (Dipterocarpaceae) revealed by microsatellite markers 43 SACHIKO NISHIDA & HENK VAN DER WERFF. Do cuticle characters support the recognition of Alseodaphne, Nothaphoebe and Dehaasia as distinct genera? 53 NURUL AMAL LATIFF, RAHAYU SUKMARIA SUKRI & FAIZAH METALI. Nepenthes diversity and abundance in five habi- tats in Brunei Damssalam 67 NURUL HAZLINA ZATNI & RAHAYU SUKMARIA SUKRI. The diversity and abundance of ground herbs in lowland mixed Dipterocarp forest and heath forest in Brunei Darussalam 73 MUHAMMAD AMIRUL AIMAN AHMAD JUHARI, NORATNI TALIP, CHE NURUL ATNI CHE AMRI & MOHAMAD RUZI ABDUL RAHMAN. Trichomes morphology of petals in some species of Acanthaceae 79 DIAN ROSLEINE, EIZI SUZUKI, ATIH SUNDAWIATI, WARDI SEPTIANA & DESY EKAWATI. The effect of land use history on natural forest rehabilitation at corridor area of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia 85 JULIUS KULIP. The Ethnobotany of the Dusun people in Tikolod village, Tambunan district, Sabah, Malaysia 101 PETER O'BYRNE. On the evolution of Dipodium R. Br 123 Reinwardtia is a LIPI accredited Journal (517/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/04/2013) Herbarium Bogoriense Botany Division Research Center for Biology - Indonesian Institute of Sciences Cibinong Science Center Jln. Raya Jakarta - Bogor, Km 46 Cibinong 16911, P.O. Box 25 Cibinong Indonesia barudepan 398-575-1-SM belakangbaru img577_Page_1 img577_Page_2 img577_Page_3 img577_Page_4