REINWARDTIA A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY, PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY Vol. 14(1): 1 - 2 4 8 , December 23, 2014 Chief Editor Kartini Kramadibrata (Mycologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Editors Dedy Darnaedi (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Tukirin Partomihardjo (Ecologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Joeni Setijo Rahajoe (Ecologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Marlina Ardiyani (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Topik Hidayat (Taxonomist, Indonesia University of Education, Indonesia) Eizi Suzuki (Ecologist, Kagoshima University, Japan) Jun Wen (Taxonomist, Smithsonian Natural History Museum, USA) Managing Editor Himmah Rustiami (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Lulut Dwi Sulistyaningsih (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Secretary Endang Tri Utami Layout Editor Deden Sumirat Hidayat Medi Sutiyatno Illustrators Subari Wahyudi Santoso Anne Kusumawaty Correspondence on editorial matters and subscriptions for Reinwardtia should be addressed to: HERBARIUM BOGORIENSE, BOTANY DIVISION, RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY- INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES CIBINONG SCIENCE CENTER, JLN. RAYA JAKARTA - BOGOR KM 46, CIBINONG 16911, P.O. Box 25 Cibinong INDONESIA PHONE (+62) 21 8765066; Fax (+62) 21 8765062 E-MAIL: reinwardtia@mail.lipi.go.id 1 2 3 4 1 3 4 4 Cover images: 1. Begonia holosericeoides (female flower and habit) (Begoniaceae; Ardi et al.); 2. Abaxial cuticles of Alseodaphne rhododendropsis (Lauraceae; Nishida & van der Werff); 3. Dipo- dium puspitae, Dipodium purpureum (Orchidaceae; O'Byrne); 4. Agalmyla exannulata, Cyrtandra coccinea var. celebica, Codonoboea kjellbergii (Gesneriaceae; Kartonegoro & Potter). The Editors would like to thanks all reviewers of volume 14(1): Abdulrokhman Kartonegoro - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Altafhusain B. Nadaf - University of Pune, Pune, India Amy Y. Rossman - Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory USDA-ARS, Beltsville, USA Andre Schuiteman - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Ary P. Keim - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Barry Conn - Royal Botanic Gardens National Herbarium of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Dato' Abdul Latiff Mohamad - Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Daniel Potter - Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA Deby Arifiani - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Ferry J. W. Slik - University of Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Henti H. Rachmat - Conservation and Rehabilitation Research and Development Center, Bogor, Indonesia Ian M. Turner - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Iskandar Z. Siregar - Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia Jay H. Bernstein - Kingsborough Community College, Brooklyn, New York, USA Jens G. Rohwer - University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Joan Pereira - SAN Herbarium, Sabah Forestry Department, Sabah, Malaysia Kuswata Kartawinata - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Lars H. Schmidt - University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Mark Hughes - Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh, UK Masahiro Kato - Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Nuril Hidayati - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Ong Poh Teck - Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia Peter C. van Welzen - National Herbarium Netherlands, Leiden University Branch, Leiden, Netherlands Reuben Nilus - Sabah Forestry Department, Sabah, Malaysia Rugayah - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Ruth Kiew - Forest Research Institute of Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia Uwe Braun - Institut fur Biologie Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Halle (Saale), Germany Yasuaki Sato - Osaka-Sangyo University, Osaka, Japan REINWARDTIA Vol 14, No 1, pp: 137 − 142 137 than half of the total state land mass. The HoB area in Sabah covers most of the interior heartlands, which is an important ecosystem for biodiversity and home to many local indigenous communities (Fig. 2). In 2008, the Sabah state government published the first Strategic Plan of Action (SPA) for Sabah to support the HoB Initiative. The Sabah SPA was drawn up based on the Sabah HoB Project Docu- ment (PD) and the Tri-national Strategic Plan of Action to conserve the HoB area. A set of targets was formulated for the SPA for the period 2008– 2012. A newly revised Strategic Plan of Actions for the period 2014–2020 was commissioned by the Sabah State Committee in 2013. The HoB initiatives in INTRODUCTION The Heart of Borneo (HoB) Vision and Area The Heart of Borneo (HoB) initiative was first mooted by World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the declaration was signed by the three participating countries i.e. Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia and Malaysia in Bali, Indonesia on the 12 th February 2007. The declaration envisioned in the protection of about 22 million hectares of forested region on Borneo Island (Fig.1). To date, the area has increased to 23 million ha which includes 16.777.840 ha for Kalimantan, 6.089.900 ha for Malaysia and about 405.960 ha for Brunei Darussalam (Table 1). In Sabah, 3.916.640 ha has been designated HoB area of which occupies more CONTRIBUTION OF THE HEART OF BORNEO (HoB) INITIATIVE TOWARDS BOTANICAL EXPLORATION IN SABAH, MALAYSIA Received March 4, 2014; accepted July 23, 2014 SUZANA SABRAN, REUBEN NILUS, JOAN T. PEREIRA, JOHN BAPTIST SUGAU Forest Research Centre, P.O. Box 1407, 90715 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia. E-mail: Reuben.Nilus@sabah.gov.my FREDERICK KUGAN Forest Sector Planning (FSP), Headquaters, Sabah Forestry Department, Locked Bag No. 68, 90009 Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia. E-mail: Frederick.Kugan@sabah.gov.my. ABSTRACT SABRAN, S., NILUS, R., PEREIRA, J. T., SUGAU, J. B. & KUGAN, F. 2014. Contribution of the Heart of Borneo (HoB) initiative towards botanical exploration in Sabah, Malaysia. Reinwardtia 14(1): 137 – 142. ― The Heart of Borneo (HoB) declaration is a conservation agreement initiated by WWF and signed by three countries, i.e., Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia and Malaysia in Bali, Indonesia on 12th February 2007 to protect more than 23 million hectares of forested region on Borneo Island. These forested areas could be well protected when conservation management plan is in place. One of the crucial activities to facilitate the planning and formulation of conservation plan is to conduct scientific expeditions that include botanical exploration. The primary objective of the expedition is to identify the key conservation targets within the forest reserves. For the past five years, several expeditions have been conducted by the Sabah Forestry Department under the auspices of the HoB project to explore various forest reserves with conservation issues within the Heart of Borneo area. This paper will present the findings which include plant richness, endemism and plant conservation status in each forest reserves that has been explored. Key words: Botanical exploration, endemism, Heart of Borneo (HoB), plant conservation status, plant richness. ABSTRAK SABRAN, S., NILUS, R., PEREIRA, J. T., SUGAU, J. B. & KUGAN, F. 2014. Kontribusi dari the Heart of Borneo (HoB) terhadap kegiatan eksplorasi botani di Sabah, Malaysia. Reinwardtia 14(1): 137 – 142. ― Deklarasi the Heart of Borneo merupakan kesepakatan konservasi yang dipelopori oleh WWF dan ditandatangani oleh 3 Negara yaitu Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia dan Malaysia di Bali, Indonesia pada tanggal 12 Februari 2007 untuk melindungi lebih dari 23 juta hektar kawasan hutan di Pulau Borneo. Kawasan hutan ini dapat dilindungi dengan baik ketika rencana managemen konservasi diterapkan. Salah satu kegiatan yang paling penting adalah memfasilitasi perencanaan dan formulasi dari rencana konservasi untuk melakukan ekspedisi ilmiah yang meliputi kegiatan eksplorasi botani. Tujuan utama dari ekspedisi yang dilakukan adalah untuk mengidentifikasi target kunci konservasi dalam kawasan hutan. Selama lima tahun terakhir, beberapa ekspedisi telah dilakukan di Departemen Kehutanan Sabah dibawah naungan proyek HoB untuk mengeksplorasi berbagai macam kawasan hutan dengan isu konservasi dalam kawasan the Heart of Borneo. Makalah ini menyajikan beberapa penemuan meliputi kekayaan tumbuhan, endemisitas dan konservasi tanaman di masing-masing kawasan hutan yang telah dieksplorasi. Kata kunci: Heart of Borneo (HoB), eksplorasi botani, endemisitas, kekayaan tumbuhan, status konservasi tumbuhan. mailto:Reuben.Nilus@sabah.gov.my mailto:Frederick.Kugan@sabah.gov.my REINWARDTIA 138 [VOL.14 Sabah are to pursue:  The consolidation of the network of protected areas and their viability and coverage.  Replication of sustainable forest management within the production forest be exponentially increased.  Building capacity and strengthening the institution governing conservation.  Creating smart partnership between govern- ment, the private sector, non-governmental organizations and local community.  To expand and improve collaboration with neighboring state or country, including Fig. 1. Area designated under the HoB initiative (dark green shade) in Borneo Island (source: wwf.panda.org). Table 1. HoB area in Borneo Island (Source: WWF) Country Region/State Area (ha) Total Area (ha) Indonesia K a l i m a n t a n Timur 8,906,190 16,777,840 K a l i m a n t a n Tengah 2,988,240 K a l i m a n t a n Barat 4,883,410 Malaysia Sarawak 2,173,260 6,089,900 Sabah 3,916,640 B r u n e i D a r u s s a - lam 405,960 405,960 Grand Total HoB Area (Ha) 23,273,700 Fig. 2. The boundary of the HoB project area in Sabah (Source: Sabah Forestry Department). international organizations. Therefore, to pursue the first objective, Sabah Forestry Department spearheaded the scientific expeditions to enhance biological resource data within the HoB area as essential background infor- mation for the formulation of the Conservation Management Plan (CMP) of designated protected areas under the 9 th and 10 th Malaysian Plan. The primary objective of the scientific expedition is to identify the key conservation targets within the reserves and highlight potential threats and recommend conservation measures to further 2014] SABRAN et al.: Contribution of the Heart of Borneo 139 Fig. 3. The location of 18 forest reserves where scientific expeditions have been conducted under the Sabah HoB ini- tiative from 2008–2013 (Source: Sabah Forestry Department). enhance or maintain the ecological integrity of the ecosystem and the continuous survival of the forest biological richness. Thus far, 15 scientific expeditions have been carried out, covering rapid assessments on the flora and fauna in these areas. A few agencies such as Sabah Parks, University of Malaysia Sabah (UMS) and Sabah Agriculture Department were also involved in the expeditions. This paper presents the botanical findings from 15 forest reserves covered during the expeditions. STUDY SITE AND METHODS Eighteen forest reserves, namely Batu Punggul, Bidu-Bidu, Bukit Hampuan, Bukit Kuamas, Bukit Taviu, Crocker Range, Ganui, Gn. Lumaku, Gunong Lumaku, Gunung Tinkar, Lipaso, Milian- Labau, Nurod Urod, Rafflesia, Sg. Siliawan, Sg. Sansiang, Tawai and Ulu Telupid were surveyed from 2008−2013 (Fig. 3). Flora data from only 15 forest reserves are presented in this paper which excludes flora data from Ganui, Crocker Range and Milian Labau Forest Reserves. Plant herbarium specimens were collected from the survey area and deposited at the Sandakan Herbarium (SAN). Sterile voucher specimens were also collected within 0.1-ha transect or 0.07-ha circular plots that were established to assess forest composition in different forest types in the reserve. Plant specimens were collected mainly of vascular plants, comprising the Angio- sperms (Dicotyledon and Monocotyledon), Gym- nosperms, Fern ally and Ferns. The common tree species were identified directly to species level in the field by means of their distinctive field charac- teristics. For those that could not be readily identified, voucher specimens were collected for subsequent determination at SAN. Prior to identifi- cation, the specimens were oven-dried at a tem- perature range of 45–50°C for several days. All oven-dried specimens were sorted according to morphospecies and identified to species level by cross-checking with existing specimens at SAN and related flora references (Airy Shaw, 1975; Argent et al., 2007; Ashton, 2005, 2006; Beaman & Beaman, 1998; Chan et al., 1994; Chung, Soepadmo & Lim 2005; Clarke, 1997; Dransfield, 1984, 1992; Julia, 2005; Kern, 1974; Sugau, 2005; Wong & Sugau, 1996; Wood, 1997; and Wood & Cribb, 1994). Past collecting records from the various forest reserves surveyed were also obtained from the SAN database (BRAHMS) and combined with the present flora data. The data for endemism is obtained from literature materials of the respective plant groups. Plant conservation status were obtained from the IUCN Red list web- site (IUCN, 2013). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 1. Plant Richness A total of 3413 taxa were recorded from 15 forest reserves surveyed (Table 2). The Angiosperm (Dicotyledon) represents the largest REINWARDTIA 140 [VOL.14 Forest Reserves Area (ha) Plant Group Total Taxa Lycophytes Ferns Gymnosperm Angiosperm No. Family No. Taxa No. Family No. Taxa No. Family No. Taxa Monocot Dicot No. Family No. Taxa No. Family No. Taxa Bidu-Bidu 16094 1 1 13 28 3 7 12 118 77 481 635 Bukit Hampuan 1253 2 6 15 41 3 8 14 197 89 674 936 Bukit Kuamas 7324 1 1 15 25 1 2 12 32 71 430 490 Bukit Taviu 8630 1 1 12 20 - - 14 85 76 537 643 Batu Punggul & Sg. Sansiang 494 2 6 19 47 - - 14 66 74 477 596 Gn. Lumaku & Gunong Lu- maku 11845 2 6 19 68 2 6 15 225 88 1225 1530 Gunung Tinkar 10150 3 3 16 30 2 5 12 109 84 667 814 Lipaso 3866 1 1 7 11 - - 12 81 62 237 330 Nurod-Urod 1705 1 5 18 54 2 3 13 70 75 451 583 Rafflesia 356 3 4 19 78 3 4 15 106 83 470 662 Sg. Siliawan 2136 1 4 12 33 1 1 8 58 62 689 785 Tawai 22697 1 2 13 25 2 13 16 155 87 875 1070 UluTelupid 7508 - - 3 3 - - 9 18 40 142 163 Table 2. The plant richness in 15 forest reserves where scientific expeditions have been conducted under the Sabah HoB initiative from 2008–2013. plant group with 2.684 taxa or 79% of the total taxa recorded, followed by the Angiosperms (Monocotyledon) with 488 taxa (14%), Gymno- sperms with 21 taxa (1%), Ferns with 204 taxa (6%) and Fern Ally with 16 taxa (0.5%). Most of the surveyed areas are classified as tropical rainforest that are pristine and also areas subjected to various degree of human disturbances in the past that resulted with moderately disturbed to secon- dary dominated vegetation conditions. The botani- cal collections were largely made on various forest formations, i.e. mixed dipterocarp, ultramafic, limestone and montane forest. The highest number of taxa was recorded from the combined Gn. Lumaku and Gunong Lumaku FRs with overall taxa of 1,530, followed by Tawai FR with 1,070 taxa and Bukit Hampuan FR with 936 taxa. While the lowest number of taxa was recorded from Ulu Telupid FR with 163 taxa. It is expected that larger number of taxa will be recorded in the larger sized forest reserves and also areas that have been widely botanized in the past. 2. Endemism The number of endemic species for Borneo and Sabah recorded from the 15 forest reserves are as listed in Table 3. Of the entire recorded plants, 493 taxa are known to be endemic to Borneo and 110 taxa are endemic to Sabah. These numbers equate 18% of the estimated total flora endemic to Borneo and 10% to Sabah (Maycock, pers. comm.). The highest number of endemic plants to Sabah is recorded in Tawai FR with 35 taxa, including four hyper-endemic species. This is followed by Batu Punggul FR and Sg. Sansiang FR with 21 taxa; Bukit Hampuan FR with 19 taxa; Gunung Tinkar with 18 taxa; and Nurod Urod FR with 15 taxa. Outstandingly, five hyper-endemic taxa have been discovered; four taxa recorded in Tawai FR, namely Rhododendron sugaui (Ericaceae), Semecarpus angustifolius (Anacardiaceae), Syzygium soepadmoi (Myrtaceae) and a new species of Tristaniopsis (which is yet to be published but currently known as Tristaniopsis merguensis subsp. tavaiensis (Berhaman, pers. comm.) and one taxon in Bukit Hampuan FR, Pittosporum linearifolium (Pittosporaceae). Other notable endemic plants to Sabah include Adinan- dra longipedicellata (Pentaphylacaceae), Nepen- thes macrovulgaris (Nepenthaceae), Paphiopedi- lum rothschildianum (Orchidaceae), Rhododen- dron fallacinum (Ericaceae) and Shorea syming- tonii (Dipterocarpaceae). Remarkably, most of the endemic taxa are found growing on ultrabasic substrates (Table 3). Plants that colonize and survive on ultramafic soils, evolved on a separate trajectory from their non-ultramafic relatives. In many cases, the new species survived on a patch of ultramafic soil because they are poor competitors on other substrates. As a result of this island effect, ultramafic substrates house a large number of species that are found only or endemic on ultramafic habitats and vulnerable to human 2014] SABRAN et al.: Contribution of the Heart of Borneo 141 Forest Reserve Soil Parent Materials No. of Endemic Taxa Sabah Borneo Bidu-Bidu Ultrabasic Igneous Rock 11 37 Bukit Hampuan Ultrabasic Igneous Rock; Basic Igneous Rock 19 (including one hyper-endemic spe- cies) 68 Bukit Kuamas Basic Igneoud Rock; Ultrabasic Igneous Rock 8 44 Bukit Taviu Sandstone & Mudstone 3 58 Batu Punggul & Sg. Sansiang Sandstone & Mudstone; Limestone 21 75 Gg. Lumaku and Gunong Lumaku Sandstone & Mudstone 13 112 Gg. Tinkar Ultrabasic Igneous Rock 18 116 Lipaso Basic Igneous Rock 2 36 Nurod Urod Major Sandstone & Minor Mudstone 15 123 Rafflesia Sandstone & Mudstone 5 45 Tawai Ultrabasic Igneous Rock 35 (including four hyper-endemic species) 98 Ulu Telupid Basic Igneous Rock 0 29 Sg. Siliawan Sandstone & Mudstone 0 0 Table 3. The number of Sabah and Borneo endemic taxa recorded in the 15 forest reserves where scientific expedi- tions have been conducted under the Sabah HoB initiative from 2008–2013. Table 4. Number of threatened plant taxa from seven forest reserves within the HoB. Forest Reserve Conservation Status CR EN VU NT LC Batu Punggul & Sg. Sansiang 6 5 4 Gg. Lumaku & Gunong Lumaku 14 11 13 10 - Gunung Tinkar 17 8 7 15 10 Nurod Urod 7 2 8 - - Rafflesia 4 3 2 9 9 activities (Primack, 2000). However, endemic plants can easily become endangered because of their restricted habitat and highly restricted ranges (Kruckeberg, 1984). 3. Plant Conservation Status The plant conservation status of each taxon was identified based on IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (version 2013.2) (IUCN, 2013). So far, the exercise was done for five forest reserves as listed in Table 4. The result shows that 32 taxa are categorized as threatened, i.e., critically en- dangered (CR), 23 endangered (EN) and 25 vul- nerable (VU). All of these threatened taxa are trees. It is noteworthy that all the critically en- dangered taxa are represented by the Dipterocar- paceae. The endangered taxa represented mostly by Dipterocarpaceae (19 taxa), Podocarpaceae (3 taxa) and Rosaceae (1 taxon). Thirteen families, namely Anacardiaceae (3 taxa), Araucariaceae (1 taxon), Dilleniaceae (1 taxon), Dipterocarpaceae (2 taxa), Illiciaceae (1 taxon), Lauraceae (1 taxon), Leguminosae (2 taxa), Meliaceae (2 taxa), Myristi- caceae (1 taxon), Rosaceae (1 taxon), Rutaceae (1 taxon), Sterculiaceae/Malvaceae (5 taxa) and Thy- melaeaceae (4 taxa) are categorized as Vulnerable (VU). 4. Other Research and Management Contribu- tion The botanical findings and recommendation for management implications that resulted from the surveys conducted in six forest reserves located within the vicinity of Telupid district (Tawai, Bidu-Bidu, Bukit Kuamas, Ulu Telupid, Lipaso and Bukit Taviu forest reserves) have been utilized Note CR: critically endangered EN: endangered VU: vulnerable NT: near threatened LC: least concern REINWARDTIA 142 [VOL.14 for the formulation of a Conservation Area Management Plan (CAMP) for Telupid Forest Reserve Complex. Currently, a Conservation Area Management Plan for Gn. Lumaku and Gunong Lumaku FRs is being prepared and the botanical resources and proposed conservation issues will be incorporated. Through these botanical surveys, it has also facilitated plant taxonomic researches. Based on the flora survey, one paper has been presented internationally, while another two papers were presented in national conferences. A technical paper has also been published in the international journal. It is anticipated that more scientific accounts will be generated from the active botani- cal inventories carried out in the HoB areas under this auspices initiative. CONCLUSION Over the five years of botanical exploration in various protected areas under the HoB initiative, a great understanding of plant richness, endemism and plant conservation status have been achieved. Most of the important findings have been or will be significantly use to facilitate the planning and for- mulation of conservation plans for the respective protected areas. ACKNOWLDEGEMENTS We would like to take this opportunity to express our highest gratitude and thanks to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment and Sabah Forestry Depart- ment for making the funds available for our research. We also thank staff of the Sabah Forestry Department who have given their support and commitment through- out the expeditions. 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The manuscript of no more than 200 pages by using Times New Roman 11, MS Word for Windows of A4 with double spacing, submitted to the editor through . New paragraph should be indented in by 5 characters. For the style of presentation, authors should follow the latest issue of Reinwardtia very closely. Author(s) should send the preferred running title of the article submitted. Every manuscript will be sent to two blind reviewers. Identification key. Taxonomic identification key should be prepared using the aligned couplet type. Nomenclature. Strict adherence to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature is observed, so that taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties should be clearly shown. English description for new taxon proposed should be provided and the herbaria where the type specimens area deposited should be presented. Name of taxon in taxonomic treatment should be presented in the long form that is name of taxon, author's name, year of publication, abbreviated journal or book title, volume, number and page. Map/line drawing illustration/photograph. Map, line drawing illustration, or photograph preferably should be prepared in landscape presentation to occupy two columns. Illustration must be submitted as original art accompanying, but separated from the manuscript. The illustration should be saved in JPG or GIF format at least 350 pixels. Legends or illustration must be submitted separately at the end of the manuscript. References. Bibliography, list of literature cited or references follow the Harvard system as the following examples. Journal : KRAENZLIN, F. 1913. Cyrtandraceae novae Philippinenses I. Philipp. J. Sci. 8: 163-179. MAYER, V., MOLLER, ML, PERRET, M. & WEBER, A. 2003. 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Australian National University, Canberra. [PhD. Thesis]. Website : http://www.nationaalherbarium.n1/fmcollectors/k/Kostermans AJGH.htm). Accessed 15 February 2012. Reinwardtia Published by Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Address: Jin. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46 Cibinong 16911, P.O. Box 25 Cibinong Telp. (+ 62) 21 8765066; Fax (+62) 21 8765062 E-mail: reinwardtia@mail.lipi.go.id REINWARDTIA Author Agreement Form Title of article Name of Author(s) : I/We hereby declare that: • My/Our manuscript was based on my/our original work. • It was not published or submitted to other journal for publication. • I/we agree to publish my/our manuscript and the copyright of this article is owned by Reinwardtia. • We have obtained written permission from copyright owners for any excerpts from copyrighted works that are included and have credited the sources in our article. Author signature (s) Date Name MUHAMMAD EFFENDI, TATIK CHIKMAWATI & DEDY DARNAEDI. New cytotypes of Pteris ensiformis var. victoria from Indonesia 133 SUZANA SABRAN, REUBEN NILUS, JOAN T. PEREIRA & JOHN BAPTIST SUGAU. Contribution of the heart of Borneo (HoB) initiative towards botanical exploration in Sabah, Malaysia 137 WENNI SETYO LESTARI, BAYU ADJIE, TASSANAI JARUWATANAPHAN, YASUYUKI WATANO & MADE PHAR- MAWATI. Molecular phylogeny of maidenhair fern genus Adiantum (Pteridaceae) from Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia based on Rbcl and Trnl-f 143 ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA & DANIEL POTTER. Floristic study of Mekongga Protected Forest: towards establishment of the Mekongga National Park 157 YESSI SANTIKA, EKA FATMAWATI TIHURUA & TEGUH TRIONO. Comparative leaves anatomy of Pandanus, Freycinetia and Sararanga (Pandanaceae) and their diagnostic value 163 SUHARDJONO PRAWIROATMODJO & KUSWATA KARTAWINATA. Floristic diversity and structural characteristics of mangrove forest of Raj a Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia 171 IAN M. TURNER. A new combination in Orophea (Annonaceae) for Uvaria nitida Roxb. ex G. Don 181 IVAN S AVINOV. Taxonomic revision of Asian genus Glyptopetalum Thwaites (Celastraceae R. Br.) 183 YUSI ROSALINA, NISYAWATL ERWIN NURDIN, JATNA SUPRIATNA & KUSWATA KARTAWINATA. Floristic compo- sition and structure of a peat swamp forest in the conservation area of the PT National Sago Prima, Selat Panjang, Riau, Indone- sia 193 IMAN HID AY AT & JAMJAN MEEBOON. Cercospora brunfelsiicola (Fungi, Mycosphaerellaceae), a new tropical Cercosporoid fungus on Brunfelsia uniflora 211 MAX VAN BALGOOY & ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA. Flora of Bali: a provisional checklist 219 EKA FATMAWATI TIHURUA & INA ERLINAWATI. Leaf anatomy of Pandanus spp. (Pandanceae) from Sebangau and Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya National Park, Kalimantan, Indonesia 223 JULIA SANG & RUTH KIEW. Diversity of Begonia (Begoniaceae) in Borneo - How many species are there? 23 3 DIAN LATIFAH, ROBERT A. CONGDON & JOSEPH A. HOLTUM. A Physiological approach to conservation of four palm species: Arenga australasica, Calamus australis, Hydriastele wendlandiana saALicuala ramsayi 237 REINWARDTIA Vol. 14. No. 1.2014 CONTENTS Page ABDULROKHMAN KARTONEGORO & DANIEL POTTER. The Gesneriaceae of Sulawesi VI: the species from Mekongga Mts. with a new species of Cyrtandra described 1 LIM CHUNG LU & RUTH KIEW. Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) sections in Peninsular Malaysia 13 WISNU H. ARDI, YAYAN W. C. KUSUMA, CARL E. LEWIS, ROSNIATI A. RISNA, HARRY WIRIADINATA, MELISSA E. ABDO & DANIEL C. THOMAS. Studies on Begonia (Begoniaceae) of the Molucca Islands I: Two new species from Halmahera, Indonesia, and an updated description of Begonia holosericea 19 YUZAMMI, JOKO R. WITONO & WILBERT L. A. HETTERSCHEID. Conservation status of Amorphophallus discophorus Backer & Alderw. (Araceae) in Java, Indonesia 27 MOHAMMAD F. ROYYANI & JOENI S. RAHAJOE. Behind the sacred tree: local people and their natural resources sustainabil- ity 35 FIFI GUS DWIYANTI, KOICHI KAMIYA & KO HARADA. Phylogeographic structure of the commercially important tropical tree species, Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. F. (Dipterocarpaceae) revealed by microsatellite markers 43 SACHIKO NISHIDA & HENK VAN DER WERFF. Do cuticle characters support the recognition of Alseodaphne, Nothaphoebe and Dehaasia as distinct genera? 53 NURUL AMAL LATIFF, RAHAYU SUKMARIA SUKRI & FAIZAH METALI. Nepenthes diversity and abundance in five habi- tats in Brunei Damssalam 67 NURUL HAZLINA ZATNI & RAHAYU SUKMARIA SUKRI. The diversity and abundance of ground herbs in lowland mixed Dipterocarp forest and heath forest in Brunei Darussalam 73 MUHAMMAD AMIRUL AIMAN AHMAD JUHARI, NORATNI TALIP, CHE NURUL ATNI CHE AMRI & MOHAMAD RUZI ABDUL RAHMAN. Trichomes morphology of petals in some species of Acanthaceae 79 DIAN ROSLEINE, EIZI SUZUKI, ATIH SUNDAWIATI, WARDI SEPTIANA & DESY EKAWATI. The effect of land use history on natural forest rehabilitation at corridor area of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia 85 JULIUS KULIP. The Ethnobotany of the Dusun people in Tikolod village, Tambunan district, Sabah, Malaysia 101 PETER O'BYRNE. On the evolution of Dipodium R. Br 123 Reinwardtia is a LIPI accredited Journal (517/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/04/2013) Herbarium Bogoriense Botany Division Research Center for Biology - Indonesian Institute of Sciences Cibinong Science Center Jln. Raya Jakarta - Bogor, Km 46 Cibinong 16911, P.O. Box 25 Cibinong Indonesia barudepan 406-585-2-PB belakangbaru img577_Page_1 img577_Page_2 img577_Page_3 img577_Page_4