REINWARDTIA A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY, PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY Vol. 14(1): 1 - 2 4 8 , December 23, 2014 Chief Editor Kartini Kramadibrata (Mycologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Editors Dedy Darnaedi (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Tukirin Partomihardjo (Ecologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Joeni Setijo Rahajoe (Ecologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Marlina Ardiyani (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Topik Hidayat (Taxonomist, Indonesia University of Education, Indonesia) Eizi Suzuki (Ecologist, Kagoshima University, Japan) Jun Wen (Taxonomist, Smithsonian Natural History Museum, USA) Managing Editor Himmah Rustiami (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Lulut Dwi Sulistyaningsih (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Secretary Endang Tri Utami Layout Editor Deden Sumirat Hidayat Medi Sutiyatno Illustrators Subari Wahyudi Santoso Anne Kusumawaty Correspondence on editorial matters and subscriptions for Reinwardtia should be addressed to: HERBARIUM BOGORIENSE, BOTANY DIVISION, RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY- INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES CIBINONG SCIENCE CENTER, JLN. RAYA JAKARTA - BOGOR KM 46, CIBINONG 16911, P.O. Box 25 Cibinong INDONESIA PHONE (+62) 21 8765066; Fax (+62) 21 8765062 E-MAIL: reinwardtia@mail.lipi.go.id 1 2 3 4 1 3 4 4 Cover images: 1. Begonia holosericeoides (female flower and habit) (Begoniaceae; Ardi et al.); 2. Abaxial cuticles of Alseodaphne rhododendropsis (Lauraceae; Nishida & van der Werff); 3. Dipo- dium puspitae, Dipodium purpureum (Orchidaceae; O'Byrne); 4. Agalmyla exannulata, Cyrtandra coccinea var. celebica, Codonoboea kjellbergii (Gesneriaceae; Kartonegoro & Potter). The Editors would like to thanks all reviewers of volume 14(1): Abdulrokhman Kartonegoro - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Altafhusain B. Nadaf - University of Pune, Pune, India Amy Y. Rossman - Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory USDA-ARS, Beltsville, USA Andre Schuiteman - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Ary P. Keim - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Barry Conn - Royal Botanic Gardens National Herbarium of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Dato' Abdul Latiff Mohamad - Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Daniel Potter - Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA Deby Arifiani - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Ferry J. W. Slik - University of Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Henti H. Rachmat - Conservation and Rehabilitation Research and Development Center, Bogor, Indonesia Ian M. Turner - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Iskandar Z. Siregar - Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia Jay H. Bernstein - Kingsborough Community College, Brooklyn, New York, USA Jens G. Rohwer - University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Joan Pereira - SAN Herbarium, Sabah Forestry Department, Sabah, Malaysia Kuswata Kartawinata - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Lars H. Schmidt - University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Mark Hughes - Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh, UK Masahiro Kato - Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Nuril Hidayati - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Ong Poh Teck - Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia Peter C. van Welzen - National Herbarium Netherlands, Leiden University Branch, Leiden, Netherlands Reuben Nilus - Sabah Forestry Department, Sabah, Malaysia Rugayah - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Ruth Kiew - Forest Research Institute of Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia Uwe Braun - Institut fur Biologie Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Halle (Saale), Germany Yasuaki Sato - Osaka-Sangyo University, Osaka, Japan REINWARDTIA Vol 14, No 1, pp: 163−170 163 COMPARATIVE LEAVES ANATOMY OF PANDANUS, FREYCINETIA AND SARARANGA (PANDANACEAE) AND THEIR DIAGNOSTIC VALUE Received December 11, 2013; accepted August 11, 2014 YESSI SANTIKA Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Division, Research Center for Biology-LIPI, Cibinong Science Center, Jln. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Bogor, Indonesia. E-mail: santikaye@gmail.com. EKA FATMAWATI TIHURUA Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Division, Research Center for Biology-LIPI, Cibinong Science Center, Jln. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Bogor, Indonesia. TEGUH TRIONO Tanri Abeng University, Jln. Swadarma Raya 58, Ulujami, Jakarta Selatan. ABSTRACT SANTIKA, Y., TIHURUA, E. F. & TRIONO T. 2014. Comparative leaves anatomy of Pandanus, Freycinetia and Sararanga (Pandanaceae) and their diagnostic value. Reinwardtia 14(1): 163 – 170. — Study in leaves anatomy of twenty nine samples of the species classified under Pandanus, Freycinetia and Sararanga of Pandanaceae had been undertaken to unravel generic relationship among of these taxa with a view to provide a set of diagnostic characters for taxonomic identification. The fourth genus of Pandanaceae, Benstonea is not included in this analysis since there are no representative samples. Four anatomical diagnostic characters had been identified at the generic level such as present and absent of papillae, stomatal arrangement types, present and absent of bundle sheath extension and hypodermal thickness and its shape. Pandanus has papillae, amphistomatous stomata, bundle sheath extension present and hypoder- mis thin and rectangular; Freycinetia lacked of papillae, stomata hypostomatous or amphistomatous, bundle sheath extension absent and hypodermis thick and hexagonal or rounded; meanwhile Sararanga has no papillae, stomata amphistomatous, bundle sheath extension absent and hypodermis thin and flatten. An identification key to those genera based on anatomical diagnostic characters is provided. Key words: Freycinetia, leaf anatomy, Pandanaceae, Pandanus, Sararanga. ABSTRAK SANTIKA, Y., TIHURUA, E. F. & TRIONO T. 2014. Perbandingan anatomi daun Pandanus, Freycinetia dan Sararanga (Pandanaceae) serta nilai diagnostiknya. Reinwardtia 14(1): 163 – 170. — Studi anatomi daun pada dua puluh sembilan sampel jenis yang diklasifikasikan ke dalam marga Pandanus, Freycinetia dan Sararanga dari suku Pandanaceae telah dilakukan untuk mengungkap hubungan antar marga dengan tujuan menyediakan satu set karakter diagnostik bagi identifikasi taksonomi. Marga keempat dari Pandanaceae, Benstonea tidak termasuk dalam kajian kali ini karena ketiadaan sampel. Empat karakter diagnostik telah diidentifikasi pada tingkatan marga yaitu ada tidaknya papila, tipe susunan stomata, ada tidaknya perluasan seludang berkas pengangkut dan ketebalan serta bentuk hipoder- mis. Pandanus memiliki ciri adanya papila, stomata amphistomatous, adanya perluasan seludang berkas pengangkut serta hipodermis tipis berbentuk persegi; Freycinetia tidak memiliki papila, stomata hypostomatous atau amphistoma- tous, seludang berkas pengangkut tidak mengalami perluasan dan hipodermis tebal serta berbentuk heksagonal atau bundar; sementara Sararanga tidak memiliki papila, stomata amphistomatous, seludang berkas pengangkut tidak meluas, hipodermis tipis dan memipih. Disediakan kunci identifikasi marga berdasarkan karakter anatomi diagnostik. Kata kunci: Anatomi daun, Freycinetia, Pandanaceae, Pandanus, Sararanga. INTRODUCTION Understanding on plant anatomy is a fundamen- tal information to study plant systematic and classification (Evert, 2006). Angiosperm leaves in which display a lot morphological and anatomical diversity have been used in classification and identification of various plant families (Rudall, 2007). Sonibare et al. (2006) had used leaf anat- omy characters to differentiate Ficus species and concluded that leaf anatomy could provide useful character for taxonomic classification. Leaf anatomical structure of three genera (Freycinetia, Pandanus and Sararanga) of Pandanaceae has been under taken by several authors. Tomlinson in 1965, has proposed five classes of stomata structure using papillae development and distribution on subsidiary or neighbouring cells and epidermis surface. However, no specific character could distinguish those three genera. Five years later, North & Willis (1970) REINWARDTIA 164 [VOL.14 discovered stomata and epidermis as useful characters in classifying species under the genus of Freycinetia in Solomon island. Similar study also conducted by Lim & Stone (1971), they mentioned that stomata, epidermis and hypodermis cells provide additional characters for the sectional classification of Freycinetia. Pasaribu (2010) also concluded that stomata structure could be used for Freycinetia infrageneric classification. Kam (1971) carried out an anatomical compari- son among Malayan Pandanus species. He found epidermal and stomatal characters as a support data that able to distinguished a considerable value at the generic and infrageneric classification of Pandanus. Another Pandanus examination was conducted by Rahayu et al. (2011) but only stricted to species in Java. Meanwhile, North & Willis (1971) have studied the smallest genus Sararanga that comprises two species, namely Sararanga philippinensis and S. sinuosa. According to their study, they found stellate trichomes as the identity characters of this genus. This was the major separating characters to iden- tify other two genera Freycinetia and Pandanus. Those information above indicated that, leaf anatomy only provided partial diagnostic charac- ters for each genus within the family. However, there was no general diagnostic character that is meaningful for genera delimitation within Pandanaceae. Therefore, this study was conducted to review the leaf anatomical characters used by previous authors and provide a set of diagnostic characters for generic identification of Freycinetia, Pandanus and Sararanga in a format of an identi- fication key. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty nine samples from Indonesia re- presenting 6 species of Pandanus, 16 species of Freycinetia and 1 species of Sararanga sensu Stone (1968) were used. The fourth genus of Pandanaceae, Benstonea (Callmander et al., 2013) is not included in this analysis since there are no representative samples. The characters observed were based from previous studies of Tomlinson (1965), North & Willis (1970; 1971), Kam (1971) and Lim & Stone (1971). Those observed charac- ters were (1) stomata, (2) epidermis, (3) the presence of costal and inter-costal zone, (4) hypo- dermis and (4) vascular bundles. The specimens used for this study were collected from fieldwork conducted at Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua. The collection of fresh leaf samples were preserved in 70% alcohol and only median portion of 7 × 7 mm2 was used for slide material. Meanwhile voucher specimens were kept as dry specimen and deposited in general BO collection. Two slide preparation methods were employed in the study. The semi-permanent method using HNO3 combined with heating was used for observing the leaf surfaces (Cutler, 1978). The permanent slide preparation method using paraffin embedding and safranin-fast green staining was employed to observe leaf structure of transversal section (Sass, 1951). The previous method was applied with free hand section (using new and sharp razor blade), while the latter method section- ing was applied with microtome. Examination of slides was done in 100× and 400× magnifications using light microscopy Nikon Eclipse 80i equipped with digital camera and LCD viewer. All permanent slides and voucher speci- mens are deposited in BO. Anatomical description follows Lim and Stone (1971). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Leaf anatomy of Freycinetia, Pandanus and Sararanga described below. Pandanus The epidermis cell shapes of the genus, usually square, pentagonal, hexagonal, polygonal and rec- tangular, sometimes irregular such as in P. yvanii; anticlinal cell wall straight or slightly undulate, papillae present or absent with some variation of shape (simple, forked or dendritic) and position (Fig. 1). Stomata sunken or even to epidermis cells, tetracytic, amphistomatous, scattered on adaxial. In abaxial part, it is found only at inter costal or sometimes scattered thin hypodermis, consist of 1- 3 layers of rectangular cells on adaxial and abaxial part as well. There is no sclerenchyma cell found in all species observed, since all samples of this study are different species to Rahayu et al. (2011). Dorsiventral leaf (Fig. 2A), palisade 1-3 layers in adaxial sometimes up to 4 layers, absent or a layer in abaxial, the beneath cells are oval, un- ordered. The parenchyma tissues with or without intercellular air spaces between vascular bundle. Raphida CaCO3 crystal present (Fig. 2C), found at mesophyll, prismatic CaCO3 crystal present or absent. Vascular bundles lay within the mesophyll, enclosed by sclerenchyma and parenchyma tissues. 1-2 xylems tissue located in the middle part, phloem tissue spread out at abaxial part of YESSI et al.: Comparative leaves anatomy of Pandanaceae 2014] 165 A B C Fig. 1. Upper leaf surface in Pandanus yvanii (A), lower leaf surface with papillae (arrow) on P. helicopus (B) and P. yvanii (C), but some of P. yvanii without papillae. e: epidermis, s: sponge. Bar 100 µm (A) and 50 µm (B & C). A B C Fig. 2. Transverse leaf section of Pandanus yvanii (A) with vascular bundle extension (B) and raphida CaCO3 crystal in the P. helicopus (C). c: chlorenchyma, e: epidermis, h: hypodermis, p: palisade, v: vascular bundle, vbe: vascular bundle extention. Bar 100 µm (A & B) and 50 µm (C). REINWARDTIA 166 [VOL.14 sclerenchyma sheath. The sclerenchyma or paren- chyma tissues on Pandanus connecting the bundles with hypodermis. This connection makes chlorenchyma concentrate only between 2 vascular bundles in Pandanus. Parenchyma tissues found in outer part of the bundles, with bundles sheath extension (Fig. 2B) and can be seen only on mature leaves. Specimen examined. Pandanus aristatus (Ary P. Keim 776); P. discostigma (Ary P. Keim 765); P. pachypilus (Ary P. Keim 767); P. yvanii (Ary P. Keim 777, Ary P. Keim 779, Ina Erlinawati 58, Ina Erlinawati 136, Ina Erlinawati 102); Pandanus sp. (Ina Erlinawati 31); P. helicopus (Ina Erlinawati 140). Freycinetia Epidermis cell shape rectangular, square to po- lygonal, anticlinal cell wall straight or undulate or sinuous; prismatic crystal present or absent; papil- lae present or absent on epidermis; neighbouring (subsidiary) cell, lateral cell or absent (Fig. 3). Stomata parallel to epidermis or sunken, tetracytic with 4 subsidiary cells in lateral and terminal part, hypostomatous or amphistomatous, concentrate only at intercostal or scattered on abaxial (Fig. 4). Multilayer hypodermis on adaxial cell is bigger and thicker than abaxial once, hexagonal to rounded, hypodermis wall thickened or not, sclerenchyma near to epidermis (strand) in group or lined. Mesophyll differentiated as palisade, dorsiventral, 1-4 layers above and 1-2 below. Un- ordered parenchyma cells, ovate, with or without intercellular air spaces, between vascular bundles. A B Fig. 3. Leaf surface of Freycinetia graminifolia with sinuous anticlinal wall, prismatic crystal but without papillae (A). Leaf of F. insignis with straight anticlinal wall and papillae (B). Bar 50 µm. A B Fig. 4. Leaf surface with costal and intercostal zone of Freycinetia graminifolia (A) and without zone of F. kartawinatae (B). e: epidermis, s: sponge. Bar 200 µm (A) and 100 µm (B). YESSI et al.: Comparative leaves anatomy of Pandanaceae 2014] 167 Fig. 5. Transverse leaf section of F. javanica. c: raphide CaCO3 crystal inside the idioblast, e: epidermis, h: hypodermis, p: pali- sade, s: sponge, st: stoma and v: vascular bundle. Bar 200 µm. Raphide and sclerenchyma often found at chlorenchyma (Fig. 5). Vascular bundle is enclosed by sclerenchyma and parenchyma tissues. 1-2 xylems tissue in the middle, phloem tissue spread out at abaxial part of sclerenchyma sheath, without bundle sheath extension. Specimen examined. F. sumatrana (Ary P. Keim 764); F. insignis (Abdulrokhman Kartone- goro 190); F. sarawakensis (Ary P. Keim 757); F. graminifolia (Dirman sn. ); Freycinetia sp. (Rugayah 1543); Freycinetia cf. imbricata (Tika Dewi Atikah 3); F. scandens (Abdulrokhman Kar- tonegoro 14); Freycinetia cf. undulata (Alex Su- madijaya 295); F. minahassae (Purwaningsih 127); Freycinetia sp. (Rugayah 1538); Freycinetia cf. rigidifolia (Ina Erlinawati 52, Ary P. Keim 813); F. angustifolia (Rulyana Susanti sn.); F. kar- tawinatae (Ary P. Keim 770); F. javanica (Ina Er- linawati 43, Ary P. Keim 814); F. kostermansii (Dirman 22); F. funicularis (Yessi Santika 263). Sararanga Epidermis cell shape square, pentagonal, hexagonal or rectangular; anticlinal cell wall straight; prismatic crystal present; papillae absent (Fig. 6A). Stomata parallel to epidermis; tetra- cytic, 2 lateral cells and 2 terminal cells; amphistomatous, on abaxial it found only at inter- costal zone and scattered on adaxial (Fig. 6B). Hypodermis thin, multilayer, consist of 2-3 layers of flatten cells, sclerenchyma absent. Meso- phyll undifferentiated as palisade and sponge tissue. The parenchyma tissues without intercellu- lar air spaces take place in the middle of two vascular bundle. Raphide crystals are founded at mesophyll (Fig. 7). Vascular bundles lay in the mesophyll. It is enclosed by sclerenchyma and parenchyma tissues. 1-2 xylems in the middle, phloem spread at abaxial part of sclerenchyma sheath. Paren- chyma tissues on outer part of the bundles, without bundles sheath extension. Specimen examined. Sararanga sinuosa (Yessi Santika 321). Hypodermis on those three genera always present with 2-3 row cells beneath the epidermis. Hypodermis layer in the three genera is always thicker on the adaxial surface than abaxial once. Pandanus hypodermis shape is rectangular, some- times with thickened wall. In contrary, Freycinetia hypodermis shape is hexagonal to rounded and sclerenchyma strands distributed within this tissue. An exception occurs in Sararanga of which hypo- dermis cell is flattened and thin. Compared with two other genera, Sararanga has thicker mesophyll while Pandanus has dor- siventral mesophyll. Mesophyll in Pandanus is only a thin layer of palisade and unordered sponge. Meanwhile, in several Freycinetia species, the shape of parenchyma cell in mesophyll is star-like because of its large intercellular air spaces (stellate parenchyma). The vascular bundles structure for the three genera are almost similar. Vascular bundles in all the genera comprises 1-2 xylems in the middle part, phloem that is spread at abaxial, two sheath encircles of the vascular channel with sclerenchy- matous tissue found in inner sheath and parenchy- matous tissues in outer part of the bundles. The REINWARDTIA 168 [VOL.14 A B Fig. 6. Upper (A) and lower (B) leaf surface of Sararanga sinuosa with straight anticlinal wall that showed no papillae on both surfaces. Bar 100 µm. Fig. 7. Transverse leaf sections of Sararanga sinuosa. c: raphide CaCO3 crystal, e: epidermis, h: hypodermis with flatten shape, p: prismatic CaCO3 crystal, s: chlorenchyma without differentiation (sponge tissue), v: vascular bundle without sheath exten- sion. Bar 200 µm. Tabel 1. The comparative leaf anatomical diagnostic characters of Pandanus, Freycinetia and Sararanga (Pandanaceae). Characters Pandanus Freycinetia Sararanga Papilla Generally present Generally absent Absent Stomata Amphistomatous Hypostomatous, amphistomatous Amphistomatous Zone in abaxial surface Present or absent Present or absent Present Bundle-sheat extension Present (sclerenchyma or parenchyma) Absent Absent Shape of hypodermis Rectangular Hexagonal to orbicular Flatten YESSI et al.: Comparative leaves anatomy of Pandanaceae 2014] 169 difference structure is the present or absent of bundle sheath extention. Bundle sheath extension is parenchymatous or sclerenchymatous tissues which connected the bundle sheath with epidermis tissues. It only present on Pandanus (Fig. 2B) and absent on the other two genera. The important character of leaf anatomical structure in the recent study indicated that, epider- mal characters especially the presence of papilla and the stomata distribution, can be used to differentiate Pandanus, Freycinetia and Sararanga (see Table 1). This is in according with Tomlinson’s work (1968) on Pandanus of which and gave satisfactory classification at genus level (Tomlinson, 1968). It is also in line with Kam’s work (Kam, 1971) on Pandanus that support sectional classification sensu Stone (1968) and also in line to Lim & Stone (1971) on Freycinetia. However, the latter taxonomic treatment only partially agreed to Stone (1968) sectional classifi- cation. This partial agreement is due to the nature of Freycinetia epidermal tissue in which always homogen. From this study, papillae usually absent in most of Freycinetia epidermal tissue, except in F. sumatrana and F. insignis. These two species have simple papillae with no variation shape. In contrary, it is very common and vary on Pandanus. In Sararanga however, no papillae found in this genus. In general, the three genera have stomata on both sides of epidermis, except in some Freycinetia species. Another character from this study is arrangement of abaxial stomata. Sararanga and some species of Pandanus and Freycinetia has stomata only on its intercostal zone. The epidermis with stomata is barried with un-stomata area. Another species has stomata spread on abaxial epidermis (zonation absent). Based on the diagnostic character in Table 1 and the discussion above, a dichotomous identification key to differentiate Pandanus, Freycinetia and Sararanga of Pandanaceae is provided. This key is also useful to identify leaf fragment of Pandanaceae using light microscope. Key to the genera based on leaf anatomical stucture 1.a. Papilla present, complex, dominate on the leaf surface; bundle sheath extension present ……………………………………...Pandanus b. Papilla absent, or present with simple shape; bundle sheath extension absent 2.a. Hypodermis hexagonal to round, thick ………….………….....…………..Freycinetia b. Hypodermis flatten, thin ………….Sararanga CONCLUSIONS Some previous studies only indicated anatomy structure could be used at infrageneric level. Epidermal tissue with some different papillae shape and distribution as the main character (Tomlinson, 1968; Kam, 1971; Lim & Stone, 1971; Pasaribu, 2010; Rahayu et al., 2011). This present study shows that Pandanus, Freycinetia and Sararanga could distinguish by leaf anatomy structure. Four important anatomical diagnostic characters had been identified at the generic level i.e. the present and absent of papillae, stomata arrangement type, presence and absence of bundle sheath extension and hypodermal shape. 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A study of stomatal struc- ture in Pandanaceae. Pacif. Sci. 19 (1): 38–54. INSTRUCTION TO AUTHORS Scope. Reinwardtia is a scientific irregular journal on plant taxonomy, plant ecology and ethnobotany published in December. Manuscript intended for a publication should be written in English. Titles. Titles should be brief, informative and followed by author's name and mailing address in one- paragraphed. Abstract. English abstract followed by Indonesian abstract of not more than 250 words. Keywords should be given below each abstract. Manuscript. Manuscript is original paper and represent an article which has not been published in any other journal or proceedings. The manuscript of no more than 200 pages by using Times New Roman 11, MS Word for Windows of A4 with double spacing, submitted to the editor through . New paragraph should be indented in by 5 characters. For the style of presentation, authors should follow the latest issue of Reinwardtia very closely. 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Proceedings of the International Symposium on: Tropical Peatlands. Pp. 179-190. Book : RIDLEY, H. N. 1923. Flora of the Malay Peninsula 2. L. Reeve & Co. Ltd, London. Part of Book : BENTHAM, G. 1876. Gesneriaceae. In: BENTHAM, G. & HOOKER, J. D. Genera plantarum 2. Lovell Reeve & Co., London. Pp. 990-1025. Thesis : BAIRD, L. 2002. A Grammar of Keo: An Austronesian language of East Nusantara. Australian National University, Canberra. [PhD. Thesis]. Website : http://www.nationaalherbarium.n1/fmcollectors/k/Kostermans AJGH.htm). Accessed 15 February 2012. Reinwardtia Published by Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Address: Jin. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46 Cibinong 16911, P.O. Box 25 Cibinong Telp. (+ 62) 21 8765066; Fax (+62) 21 8765062 E-mail: reinwardtia@mail.lipi.go.id REINWARDTIA Author Agreement Form Title of article Name of Author(s) : I/We hereby declare that: • My/Our manuscript was based on my/our original work. • It was not published or submitted to other journal for publication. • I/we agree to publish my/our manuscript and the copyright of this article is owned by Reinwardtia. • We have obtained written permission from copyright owners for any excerpts from copyrighted works that are included and have credited the sources in our article. Author signature (s) Date Name MUHAMMAD EFFENDI, TATIK CHIKMAWATI & DEDY DARNAEDI. New cytotypes of Pteris ensiformis var. victoria from Indonesia 133 SUZANA SABRAN, REUBEN NILUS, JOAN T. PEREIRA & JOHN BAPTIST SUGAU. Contribution of the heart of Borneo (HoB) initiative towards botanical exploration in Sabah, Malaysia 137 WENNI SETYO LESTARI, BAYU ADJIE, TASSANAI JARUWATANAPHAN, YASUYUKI WATANO & MADE PHAR- MAWATI. Molecular phylogeny of maidenhair fern genus Adiantum (Pteridaceae) from Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia based on Rbcl and Trnl-f 143 ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA & DANIEL POTTER. Floristic study of Mekongga Protected Forest: towards establishment of the Mekongga National Park 157 YESSI SANTIKA, EKA FATMAWATI TIHURUA & TEGUH TRIONO. Comparative leaves anatomy of Pandanus, Freycinetia and Sararanga (Pandanaceae) and their diagnostic value 163 SUHARDJONO PRAWIROATMODJO & KUSWATA KARTAWINATA. Floristic diversity and structural characteristics of mangrove forest of Raj a Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia 171 IAN M. TURNER. A new combination in Orophea (Annonaceae) for Uvaria nitida Roxb. ex G. Don 181 IVAN S AVINOV. Taxonomic revision of Asian genus Glyptopetalum Thwaites (Celastraceae R. Br.) 183 YUSI ROSALINA, NISYAWATL ERWIN NURDIN, JATNA SUPRIATNA & KUSWATA KARTAWINATA. Floristic compo- sition and structure of a peat swamp forest in the conservation area of the PT National Sago Prima, Selat Panjang, Riau, Indone- sia 193 IMAN HID AY AT & JAMJAN MEEBOON. Cercospora brunfelsiicola (Fungi, Mycosphaerellaceae), a new tropical Cercosporoid fungus on Brunfelsia uniflora 211 MAX VAN BALGOOY & ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA. Flora of Bali: a provisional checklist 219 EKA FATMAWATI TIHURUA & INA ERLINAWATI. Leaf anatomy of Pandanus spp. (Pandanceae) from Sebangau and Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya National Park, Kalimantan, Indonesia 223 JULIA SANG & RUTH KIEW. Diversity of Begonia (Begoniaceae) in Borneo - How many species are there? 23 3 DIAN LATIFAH, ROBERT A. CONGDON & JOSEPH A. HOLTUM. A Physiological approach to conservation of four palm species: Arenga australasica, Calamus australis, Hydriastele wendlandiana saALicuala ramsayi 237 REINWARDTIA Vol. 14. No. 1.2014 CONTENTS Page ABDULROKHMAN KARTONEGORO & DANIEL POTTER. The Gesneriaceae of Sulawesi VI: the species from Mekongga Mts. with a new species of Cyrtandra described 1 LIM CHUNG LU & RUTH KIEW. Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) sections in Peninsular Malaysia 13 WISNU H. ARDI, YAYAN W. C. KUSUMA, CARL E. LEWIS, ROSNIATI A. RISNA, HARRY WIRIADINATA, MELISSA E. ABDO & DANIEL C. THOMAS. Studies on Begonia (Begoniaceae) of the Molucca Islands I: Two new species from Halmahera, Indonesia, and an updated description of Begonia holosericea 19 YUZAMMI, JOKO R. WITONO & WILBERT L. A. HETTERSCHEID. Conservation status of Amorphophallus discophorus Backer & Alderw. (Araceae) in Java, Indonesia 27 MOHAMMAD F. ROYYANI & JOENI S. RAHAJOE. Behind the sacred tree: local people and their natural resources sustainabil- ity 35 FIFI GUS DWIYANTI, KOICHI KAMIYA & KO HARADA. Phylogeographic structure of the commercially important tropical tree species, Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. F. (Dipterocarpaceae) revealed by microsatellite markers 43 SACHIKO NISHIDA & HENK VAN DER WERFF. Do cuticle characters support the recognition of Alseodaphne, Nothaphoebe and Dehaasia as distinct genera? 53 NURUL AMAL LATIFF, RAHAYU SUKMARIA SUKRI & FAIZAH METALI. Nepenthes diversity and abundance in five habi- tats in Brunei Damssalam 67 NURUL HAZLINA ZATNI & RAHAYU SUKMARIA SUKRI. The diversity and abundance of ground herbs in lowland mixed Dipterocarp forest and heath forest in Brunei Darussalam 73 MUHAMMAD AMIRUL AIMAN AHMAD JUHARI, NORATNI TALIP, CHE NURUL ATNI CHE AMRI & MOHAMAD RUZI ABDUL RAHMAN. Trichomes morphology of petals in some species of Acanthaceae 79 DIAN ROSLEINE, EIZI SUZUKI, ATIH SUNDAWIATI, WARDI SEPTIANA & DESY EKAWATI. The effect of land use history on natural forest rehabilitation at corridor area of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia 85 JULIUS KULIP. The Ethnobotany of the Dusun people in Tikolod village, Tambunan district, Sabah, Malaysia 101 PETER O'BYRNE. On the evolution of Dipodium R. Br 123 Reinwardtia is a LIPI accredited Journal (517/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/04/2013) Herbarium Bogoriense Botany Division Research Center for Biology - Indonesian Institute of Sciences Cibinong Science Center Jln. Raya Jakarta - Bogor, Km 46 Cibinong 16911, P.O. Box 25 Cibinong Indonesia barudepan 412-591-2-PB belakangbaru img577_Page_1 img577_Page_2 img577_Page_3 img577_Page_4