REINWARDTIA A JOURNAL ON TAXONOMIC BOTANY, PLANT SOCIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY Vol. 14(1): 1 - 2 4 8 , December 23, 2014 Chief Editor Kartini Kramadibrata (Mycologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Editors Dedy Darnaedi (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Tukirin Partomihardjo (Ecologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Joeni Setijo Rahajoe (Ecologist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Marlina Ardiyani (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Topik Hidayat (Taxonomist, Indonesia University of Education, Indonesia) Eizi Suzuki (Ecologist, Kagoshima University, Japan) Jun Wen (Taxonomist, Smithsonian Natural History Museum, USA) Managing Editor Himmah Rustiami (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Lulut Dwi Sulistyaningsih (Taxonomist, Herbarium Bogoriense, Indonesia) Secretary Endang Tri Utami Layout Editor Deden Sumirat Hidayat Medi Sutiyatno Illustrators Subari Wahyudi Santoso Anne Kusumawaty Correspondence on editorial matters and subscriptions for Reinwardtia should be addressed to: HERBARIUM BOGORIENSE, BOTANY DIVISION, RESEARCH CENTER FOR BIOLOGY- INDONESIAN INSTITUTE OF SCIENCES CIBINONG SCIENCE CENTER, JLN. RAYA JAKARTA - BOGOR KM 46, CIBINONG 16911, P.O. Box 25 Cibinong INDONESIA PHONE (+62) 21 8765066; Fax (+62) 21 8765062 E-MAIL: reinwardtia@mail.lipi.go.id 1 2 3 4 1 3 4 4 Cover images: 1. Begonia holosericeoides (female flower and habit) (Begoniaceae; Ardi et al.); 2. Abaxial cuticles of Alseodaphne rhododendropsis (Lauraceae; Nishida & van der Werff); 3. Dipo- dium puspitae, Dipodium purpureum (Orchidaceae; O'Byrne); 4. Agalmyla exannulata, Cyrtandra coccinea var. celebica, Codonoboea kjellbergii (Gesneriaceae; Kartonegoro & Potter). The Editors would like to thanks all reviewers of volume 14(1): Abdulrokhman Kartonegoro - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Altafhusain B. Nadaf - University of Pune, Pune, India Amy Y. Rossman - Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory USDA-ARS, Beltsville, USA Andre Schuiteman - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Ary P. Keim - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Barry Conn - Royal Botanic Gardens National Herbarium of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia Dato' Abdul Latiff Mohamad - Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Daniel Potter - Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA Deby Arifiani - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Ferry J. W. Slik - University of Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Henti H. Rachmat - Conservation and Rehabilitation Research and Development Center, Bogor, Indonesia Ian M. Turner - Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK Iskandar Z. Siregar - Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia Jay H. Bernstein - Kingsborough Community College, Brooklyn, New York, USA Jens G. Rohwer - University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany Joan Pereira - SAN Herbarium, Sabah Forestry Department, Sabah, Malaysia Kuswata Kartawinata - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Lars H. Schmidt - University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Mark Hughes - Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh, UK Masahiro Kato - Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Nuril Hidayati - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Ong Poh Teck - Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia Peter C. van Welzen - National Herbarium Netherlands, Leiden University Branch, Leiden, Netherlands Reuben Nilus - Sabah Forestry Department, Sabah, Malaysia Rugayah - Herbarium Bogoriense, Bogor, Indonesia Ruth Kiew - Forest Research Institute of Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia Uwe Braun - Institut fur Biologie Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Halle (Saale), Germany Yasuaki Sato - Osaka-Sangyo University, Osaka, Japan REINWARDTIA Vol 14, No 1, pp: 223 − 231 223 LEAF ANATOMY OF PANDANUS SPP. (PANDANACEAE) FROM SEBANGAU AND BUKIT BAKA-BUKIT RAYA NATIONAL PARK, KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA Received February 6, 2014: accepted October 20, 2014 EKA FATMAWATI TIHURUA Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Division, Research Center for Biology-LIPI, Cibinong Science Center, Jln. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Bogor, Indonesia. E-mail: ekaf001@lipi.go.id INA ERLINAWATI Herbarium Bogoriense, Botany Division, Research Center for Biology-LIPI, Cibinong Science Center, Jln. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Bogor, Indonesia. E-mail: inaerlinawati@gmail.com; ina_erlinawati@yahoo.com ABSTRACT TIHURUA, E. F. & ERLINAWATI, I. 2014. Leaf anatomy of Pandanus spp. (Pandanaceae) from Sebangau and Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya National Park, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 14 (1): 223 – 231. ― Cross sections of leaves of Pandanus spp. showed that their leaf anatomy is similar, whilst paradermal sections indicated that crystal numbers differ. Variation was found in the anticlinal epidermal cell walls, stomata, hypodermis, sclerenchyma, meso- phyll and crystals, as discussed in this paper. Key words: Bukit Raya-Bukit Baka National Park, leaf anatomy, Pandanus spp., Sebangau. ABSTRAK TIHURUA, E. F. & ERLINAWATI, I. 2014. Anatomi daun Pandanus spp. (Pandanaceae) dari Sebangau dan Taman Nasional Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Reinwardtia 14(1): 223 – 231. ― Irisan melintang daun Pandanus spp. menunjukkan bahwa anatomi daunnya sama, akan tetapi irisan paradermal mengindikasikan bahwa jumlah kristalnya berbeda. Variasi yang ditemukan di dinding sel epidermal antiklinal, stomata, hypodermis, skleren- kim, mesofil dan kristal dibahas dalam makalah ini. Kata kunci: Taman Nasional Bukit Raya-Bukit Baka, anatomi daun, Pandanus spp., Sebangau. INTRODUCTION Pandanus is one of the member of Pandanaceae family which has the broadest geographical distribution, occurring throughout the Old World tropics, from East Africa westward to Polynesia, widely distributed to East Asia and Pacific (Stone, 1965) with tree and shrub habit (Nadaf & Zanan, 2012), contains more than 600 species (Kam, 1971). Pandan of Kalimantan is still little known. The exploration conducted in Sebangau National Park (Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan) and Bukit Raya-Bukit Baka National Park (West Kalimantan) in 2006 found several Pandanus spp. including specimens belonging to the Pandanus motleyanus complex species, which species is synonymised with P. yvanii Solms according to Keim et al. (2011). Also four new species of Pandanus were collected. Recognizing and identifying species is difficult, therefore additional characters, e.g. leaf anatomy, are needed to support the morphological approach. Little work has been done on the leaf anatomy of Pandanaceae. Kam (1971) has investigated the leaf anatomy of Pandanus species in Malaya, while Pasaribu (2010) conducted leaf anatomy of Freycinetia species from Sumatra, Rahayu et al. (2012) observed Pandanus species from Java and Nadaf & Zanan (2012) investigated leaf micro- morphology of Indian Pandanaceae. The aim of this study is to get more information about the anatomical leaf structure (including leaf micro- morphology and transversal section) of some Pandanus, which was collected from two locations in Kalimantan to support morphological data of Pandanus spp. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used 18 collections (Table 1) of Pandanus from Sebangau National Park, Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan and Bukit Raya-Bukit Baka National Park, West Kalimantan. The paraffin method with modification (Sass, 1951) and para- REINWARDTIA 224 [VOL.14 dermal cuttings (Cutler, 1978) were used for this study. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Pandanus spp. have straight, wavy and curved anticlinal walls. The epidermis cells vary in shape between square, polygonal and sometimes irregu- lar (Fig. 1). Anatomically there are two types of leaf known from the collections (Table 1). The anatomy of the first type shows a dorsiventral parenchyma with the mesophyll differentiated into palisade and sponge tissue. The second type shows a homogenous leaf anatomy, lacking a differentia- tion into palisade and sponge tissue. Dorsiventral leaves are the common type shown by all Panda- nus species except the P. johoriensis complex and P. yvanii, which have both leaf types. Adaxial epidermis anticlinal cell walls are straight in P. helicopus, P. johoriensis and Pandanus sp., while straight to wavy could be find in P. aristatus, P. pachyphyllus, Pandanus cf ridley, P. vinaceus and P. yvanii. Abaxial epidermis anticlinal cell walls of P. aristatus, P. johoriensis, Pandanus sp. are straight; straight to wavy of abaxial epidermis anticlinal cell walls in Pandanus helicopus, P. cf ridley, P. vinaceus, P. yvanii and slightly wavy in P. pachyphyllus. Shape of epidermis cell in both surfaces are square to polygonal found in all examined Pandanus species, but straight to slightly irregular in adaxial epidermis of P. yvanii and abaxial epidermis cell of P. helicopus and P. yvanii. Special focus on stomata The stomata of Pandanaceae are tetracytic and found on the adaxial and abaxial surface, but less numerous adaxially. The stomata are level to the epidermal cells in the transverse section. The stomata may be accompanied by papillae. The pa- pillae appear on the subsidiary or sometimes on No Species Collection numbers Herbarium 1 P. aristatus Martelli Ary P. Keim 778 BO 2 P. helicopus Kurz. ex Miq. Ina Erlinawati 140; Ina Erlinawati 157 BO 3 P. johoriensis Martelli Elizabeth A. Widjaja 8051; Elizabeth A. Widjaja 8054 A; Eliza- beth A. Wijaya 8054 C BO 4 P. pachyphyllus Merr. Ary P. Keim 767 BO 5 Pandanus cf ridley Martelli Wita Wardani 431 BO 6 Pandanus sp. Muhammad Amir 359 BO 7 P. vinaceus B.C.Stone Muhammad Amir 313 BO 8 P. yvanii Solms Ina Erlinawati 58; Ina Erlinawati 102; Ina Erlinawati 136; Darnsfield 4311; Kostermans 12823; Wita Wardani 439 BO Table 1. Specimens examined of Pandanus. Fig. 1. Lower surface of Pandanus leaf. Scale bar 20 µm. 2014] 225 TIHURUA & ERLINAWATI: Leaf anatomy of Pandanus spp. from Kalimantan the adjacent epidermal cells. The papillae on the terminal subsidiary cells are simple, forked or sometimes dendritic. Whereas papillae on the lat- eral subsidiary cells are globose in 3-7 alignments. (Fig. 2B & 2C). Based on the presence of papillae four classes of stomatal types (Tomlinson, 1965) can be discerned. The first type consists of unspe- cialized stomata lacking papillae (Fig. 2A). The second type shows stomata with papillae on the terminal and lateral of subsidiary cells as shown by P. aristatus, P. vinaceus and P. yvanii (Fig. 2B). The third type has papillae on the subsidiary cells of the stomata and on the neighboring epider- mal cells (Fig. 2C); they are found in P. helicopus, P. johoriensis, Pandanus cf. ridley and P. yvanii. The fourth type is defined by dendritic papillae present on the whole surface of the leaf. This type is found in P. pachypilus (Fig. 2D). Tomlinson (1965) mentioned that there are five types of stomata followed by Rahayu et al. (2012) in their study about Pandanus in Java. In this study, we could not find the type of stomata which papillose are arranged in the lateral subsidiary cells. Hypodermis All examined Pandanus species has hypodermis tissue in the adaxial and abaxial side (Fig. 3), except for P. aristatus that has this tissue only on adaxial part. The hypodermis tissue occur in 2 rows sometimes more. Mesophyll The palisade also occur in the adaxial and abaxial part (Fig. 3) but not in P. pachyphyllus and Pandanus cf ridley that only occur in adaxial part. Cuboid (Fig. 3) and raphide crystal (Fig. 4) are distributed in the mesophyll of all Pandanus species leaf. Specific Descriptions of Pandanus species in Kalimantan P. aristatus Martelli Leaf dorsiventral. Adaxial and abaxial epidermis anticlinal cell walls straight and curved, sometimes wavy in the adaxial surface. Epidermis cell shape square, polygonal (Fig. 5A). Stomata in both surface with papillae on subsidiary cell at the abaxial side (Fig. 7A). Two layers hypodermis in the adaxial part of leaf. Mesophyll differentiated into 2-3 palisade layers in the adaxial and 1 layer in the abaxial part of leaf. Pseudolacuna between two vascular bundles (Fig. 10A). A B C D Fig. 2. Variation of stoma in Pandanus spp. There are 1 st type unspecified stomata (A), 2 nd type (B), 3 rd type (C) and 4 th type of stomata (D). Stomata (thin arrow), papillae (thick arrow). Scale bar 20 µm. REINWARDTIA 226 [VOL.14 Pandanus helicopus Kurz. ex Miq. Leaf dorsiventral. Adaxial epidermis cell with straight and slightly curved wall; while abaxial epidermis cell wall straight, slightly wavy and curved. Adaxial and abaxial epidermis cell shape square, polygonal, with elongated cells in the adaxial and slightly irregular in the abaxial (Fig. 5B). Stomata in the adaxial epidermis sometimes present with papillae in the polar subsidiary cell, while papillae of abaxial epidermis cell occur at the subsidiary and/or epidermal cells (Fig. 7B). Hypodermis two layers in the adaxial and abaxial part of the leaf; long and thin, square. Palisade 1-3 layers in the adaxial and a layer in the abaxial part of the leaf (Fig. 9A). Stellate parenchyma laid between 2 vascular bundles. Fig. 3. Cross section of Pandanus leaf. Leaf with branched parenchyma (stellate) exist between 2 vascular bundles (above), when get mature leaf, it will form pseudolacuna (below). bp: branched parenchyma; e: epidermis; h: hypodermis layer; p: palisade tissue; pl: pseudolacuna; s: sponge tissue; vb: vascular bundle; crystal in meso- phyll (thin arrow); schlerenchyma (thick arrow). Scale bar 50 µm. i r Fig. 4. Cross section of Pandanus leaf. Idioblast cell (i) with raphides (r) present in the mesophyll. Scale bar 20 µm. Pandanus johorensis Martelli complex Leaf homogen or dorsiventral. Adaxial and abaxial epidermis cell has straight wall, slightly curved in the abaxial side (Fig. 5C). Adaxial and abaxial epidermis cell shape are square and polygonal shape. Adaxial epidermis is showed short and long cell conspicuously. Stomata in the both leaf surface with papillae in the epidermal and subsidiary cells of abaxial surface (Fig. 7C). Hypodermis two layers in the adaxial and abaxial part, sometimes up to 3 layers in adaxial. Dorsiventral leaf has 2-5 layers adaxial palisade and 1-3 layers abaxial palisade. Stellate parenchyma occurs in the middle of the leaf of this species. p vb h pl e 2014] 227 TIHURUA & ERLINAWATI: Leaf anatomy of Pandanus spp. from Kalimantan Pandanus pachyphyllus Merr. Leaf dorsiventral. Adaxial epidermal cell wall straight, curved and slightly wavy. Abaxial epider- mal cell slightly wavy wall. Dendritic papillae co- vered epidermis cells and stomata (Fig. 7D, see appendix). 2-3 layers hypodermis presents in the adaxial and abaxial part of leaf. Mesophyll was differentiated into 2 layers of palisade in the adaxial part of leaf and sponge below. Pseudolacuna presents between 2 vascular bundles. Pandanus cf. ridley Martelli Leaf dorsiventral. Adaxial and abaxial epidermis cell wall is straight and slightly wavy, also wavy anticlinal cell wall in the abaxial surface. Epidermis cell shape is square, polygonal in the the both surface. There are short and long cells in the adaxial surface (Fig. 6A). Stomata in the both surface and papillae present in epidermal and subsidiary cells of abaxial surface (Fig. 8A). Hypodermis 2-3 layers in the adaxial and 2 layers in the abaxial part of leaf (Fig. 9B). Mesophyll is arranged by palisade tissue adaxial part of the leaf 1-3 layers and sponge below with branched parenchyma. Pandanus sp. Leaf dorsiventral. Adaxial and abaxial epidermis with straight anticlinal cell wall and square shape. Unspecialized stomata in both leaf surface (Fig. 6B & 8B). Hypodermis two layers on both part of leaf. 1-2 layers of palisade took place in adaxial and a layer in the abaxial leaf part, sponge exist between both parts. Branched sponge between 2 vascular bundles (Fig. 9). Pandanus vinaceus B. C. Stone Leaf dorsiventral. Adaxial and abaxial epidermis has straight, slightly curved, slightly wavy wall; square and curved polygonal in shape or sometimes slightly wavy in the abaxial epidermis. Stomata spread in both surface, but papillae occur only at subsidiary cells of the abaxial surface (Fig. 8C). Two layers of hypodermis in both part of leaf. Palisade tissue 1-2 layers in the adaxial part (Fig. 10C) and single layer in the abaxial part with sponge took place between them. Pandanus yvanii Solms Leaf homogen or dorsiventral. Anticlinal cell wall of adaxial and abaxial epidermis is straight, very slightly wavy-wavy, slightly curved. Epidermis cell shape in the both surfaces is square, polygonal, curved or slightly irregular; sometimes short and long cells present obviously in the adaxial surface. Stomata distributed in both leaf surfaces, but papillae only present in the subsidiary and epidermis cell of abaxial epidermis (Fig. 8D). Hypodermis 2-3 layers in both part of leaf; flat shape. Palisade 1-4 layers in the adaxial and 1-2 layers in the abaxial part. Branched sponge (stellate) laid in the middle part of leaf between vascular bundles. REFERENCES CUTLER, D. F. 1978. Applied Plant Anatomy. Longman. London and New York. KAM, Y. K. 1971. Comparative Systematic Foliar Anatomy of Malayan Pandanus. Botanical Journal of Linnean Society (64): 315‒351. KEIM, A. P., RUGAYAH & RUSTIAMI, H. 2011. The Pandanaceae of the Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park and adjacent areas, West and Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, with notes on their nomenclature and the rediscovery of Pandanus aristatus and several new records. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 63(1 & 2): 31–62. NADAF, A. & ZANAN, R. 2012. Indian Pandanaceae- an overview. Springer. India. PASARIBU, N. 2010. Frecynetia (Pandanaceae) of Sumatra. Postgraduate School Bogor Agricultural University. (Dissertation). RAHAYU, S. E., KARTAWINATA, K., CHIK- MAWATI, T. & HARTANA, A. 2012. Leaf anat- omy of Pandanus species (Pandanaceae) from Java. Reinwardtia 13 (3): 305‒313. SASS, J. E. 1951. Botanical Microtechnique. 2 nd edition. The Iowa State College Press. Iowa. USA. STONE, B.C. 1965. Pandanus Stickm, In the Malayan Peninsula, Singapore and abaxial Thailand. Part 1. Malayan Nature Journal 19: 205. TOMLINSON, P.B. 1965. A Study of Stomatal Structure in Pandanaceae. Pacific Science 19 (1): 38‒54. REINWARDTIA 228 [VOL.14 A e C e C e D e Fig. 5. Adaxial surface of P. aristatus Martelli (A), P. helicopus Kurz. ex Miq. (B), Pandanus johoriensis Martelli (C), P. pachyphyllus (D). e: epidermal cell, stomata (arrow head) present in both surface of leaf and papillae (arrow) seen only in abaxial surface. Scale bar 20 µm. A e B e C e D e Fig. 6. Adaxial surface of Pandanus cf riedly (A), Pandanus sp (B), P. vinaceus B.C. Stone (C), P. yvanii Solms. (D) leaves. e: epidermal cell, stomata (arrow head) present in both surface of leaf and papillae (arrow) seen only in abaxial surface. Scale bar 20 µm. 2014] 229 TIHURUA & ERLINAWATI: Leaf anatomy of Pandanus spp. from Kalimantan A e B e C e D Fig. 7. Abaxial surface of P. aristatus Martelli (A), P. helicopus Kurz. ex Miq. (B), P. johoriensis Martelli (C), P. pachyphyllus (D) leaves. e: epidermal cell, stomata (arrow head) present in both surface of leaf and papillae (arrow) in simple, forked or dendritic type seen only in abaxial surface. Scale bar 20 µm. A e B e C e D e Fig. 8. Abaxial surface of Pandanus cf ridley Merr. (A) Pandanus sp. (B), P. vinaceus B. C. Stone (C), P. yvanii Solms. (D) leaves. e: epidermal cell, stomata (arrow head) present in both surface of leaf and papillae (arrow) seen only in abaxial surface. Scale bar 20 µm. REINWARDTIA 230 [VOL.14 A p s vb h B h p s vb h C vb s h p D s vb h h Fig. 9. Cross section of P. helicopus Kurz. ex Miq. (A), Pandanus cf ridley Martelli (B), Pandanus sp. (C), P. johoriensis Martelli (D) leaves. A single layer of epidermis in the adaxial and abaxial surface (thin arrow); h: hypodermis in the adaxial and abaxial part; p: palisade; pl: pseudolacuna; s: isodiametric or stellate sponge underneath the palisade lay between 2 vascular bundles; vb: vascular bundle, cuboid crystal is showed by arrow head and sclerenchyma (thick arrow). Scale bar 50 µm. 2014] 231 TIHURUA & ERLINAWATI: Leaf anatomy of Pandanus spp. from Kalimantan A pl vb p h B pl vb p h C pl vb h p s D pl h vb Fig. 10. Cross section of P. aristatus Martelli (A), P. pachyphylus Merr. (B), P. vinaceus B.C. Stone (C), P. yvanii Solms. (D) leaves. Adaxial and abaxial epidermis showed by arrow; h: hypodermis; p: palisade; pl: pseudolacuna in the mature leaf; vb: vascular bundle. Scale bar 100 µm except P. vinaceus B. C. Stone 50 µm. REINWARDTIA 232 [VOL.14 INSTRUCTION TO AUTHORS Scope. Reinwardtia is a scientific irregular journal on plant taxonomy, plant ecology and ethnobotany published in December. 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(+ 62) 21 8765066; Fax (+62) 21 8765062 E-mail: reinwardtia@mail.lipi.go.id REINWARDTIA Author Agreement Form Title of article Name of Author(s) : I/We hereby declare that: • My/Our manuscript was based on my/our original work. • It was not published or submitted to other journal for publication. • I/we agree to publish my/our manuscript and the copyright of this article is owned by Reinwardtia. • We have obtained written permission from copyright owners for any excerpts from copyrighted works that are included and have credited the sources in our article. Author signature (s) Date Name MUHAMMAD EFFENDI, TATIK CHIKMAWATI & DEDY DARNAEDI. New cytotypes of Pteris ensiformis var. victoria from Indonesia 133 SUZANA SABRAN, REUBEN NILUS, JOAN T. PEREIRA & JOHN BAPTIST SUGAU. Contribution of the heart of Borneo (HoB) initiative towards botanical exploration in Sabah, Malaysia 137 WENNI SETYO LESTARI, BAYU ADJIE, TASSANAI JARUWATANAPHAN, YASUYUKI WATANO & MADE PHAR- MAWATI. 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Floristic compo- sition and structure of a peat swamp forest in the conservation area of the PT National Sago Prima, Selat Panjang, Riau, Indone- sia 193 IMAN HID AY AT & JAMJAN MEEBOON. Cercospora brunfelsiicola (Fungi, Mycosphaerellaceae), a new tropical Cercosporoid fungus on Brunfelsia uniflora 211 MAX VAN BALGOOY & ELIZABETH A. WIDJAJA. Flora of Bali: a provisional checklist 219 EKA FATMAWATI TIHURUA & INA ERLINAWATI. Leaf anatomy of Pandanus spp. (Pandanceae) from Sebangau and Bukit Baka-Bukit Raya National Park, Kalimantan, Indonesia 223 JULIA SANG & RUTH KIEW. Diversity of Begonia (Begoniaceae) in Borneo - How many species are there? 23 3 DIAN LATIFAH, ROBERT A. CONGDON & JOSEPH A. HOLTUM. A Physiological approach to conservation of four palm species: Arenga australasica, Calamus australis, Hydriastele wendlandiana saALicuala ramsayi 237 REINWARDTIA Vol. 14. No. 1.2014 CONTENTS Page ABDULROKHMAN KARTONEGORO & DANIEL POTTER. The Gesneriaceae of Sulawesi VI: the species from Mekongga Mts. with a new species of Cyrtandra described 1 LIM CHUNG LU & RUTH KIEW. Codonoboea (Gesneriaceae) sections in Peninsular Malaysia 13 WISNU H. ARDI, YAYAN W. C. KUSUMA, CARL E. LEWIS, ROSNIATI A. RISNA, HARRY WIRIADINATA, MELISSA E. ABDO & DANIEL C. THOMAS. Studies on Begonia (Begoniaceae) of the Molucca Islands I: Two new species from Halmahera, Indonesia, and an updated description of Begonia holosericea 19 YUZAMMI, JOKO R. WITONO & WILBERT L. A. HETTERSCHEID. Conservation status of Amorphophallus discophorus Backer & Alderw. (Araceae) in Java, Indonesia 27 MOHAMMAD F. ROYYANI & JOENI S. RAHAJOE. Behind the sacred tree: local people and their natural resources sustainabil- ity 35 FIFI GUS DWIYANTI, KOICHI KAMIYA & KO HARADA. Phylogeographic structure of the commercially important tropical tree species, Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. F. (Dipterocarpaceae) revealed by microsatellite markers 43 SACHIKO NISHIDA & HENK VAN DER WERFF. Do cuticle characters support the recognition of Alseodaphne, Nothaphoebe and Dehaasia as distinct genera? 53 NURUL AMAL LATIFF, RAHAYU SUKMARIA SUKRI & FAIZAH METALI. Nepenthes diversity and abundance in five habi- tats in Brunei Damssalam 67 NURUL HAZLINA ZATNI & RAHAYU SUKMARIA SUKRI. The diversity and abundance of ground herbs in lowland mixed Dipterocarp forest and heath forest in Brunei Darussalam 73 MUHAMMAD AMIRUL AIMAN AHMAD JUHARI, NORATNI TALIP, CHE NURUL ATNI CHE AMRI & MOHAMAD RUZI ABDUL RAHMAN. Trichomes morphology of petals in some species of Acanthaceae 79 DIAN ROSLEINE, EIZI SUZUKI, ATIH SUNDAWIATI, WARDI SEPTIANA & DESY EKAWATI. The effect of land use history on natural forest rehabilitation at corridor area of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, West Java, Indonesia 85 JULIUS KULIP. The Ethnobotany of the Dusun people in Tikolod village, Tambunan district, Sabah, Malaysia 101 PETER O'BYRNE. On the evolution of Dipodium R. Br 123 Reinwardtia is a LIPI accredited Journal (517/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/04/2013) Herbarium Bogoriense Botany Division Research Center for Biology - Indonesian Institute of Sciences Cibinong Science Center Jln. Raya Jakarta - Bogor, Km 46 Cibinong 16911, P.O. Box 25 Cibinong Indonesia barudepan 419-605-2-PB belakangbaru img577_Page_1 img577_Page_2 img577_Page_3 img577_Page_4