VOLUME 4 DECEMBER 1956 PART i

REINWARDTIA

BEING A CONTINUATION OF T H E

BULLETIN DU JARDIN BOTANIQUE DE BUITENZORG
(BULLETIN OF THE BOTANIC GARDENS, BUITENZORG)

EDITORS

A N W A R I DILMY

(Herbarium Bogoriense)

AND

C. G. G. }. VAN STEENIS
(Flora Malesiana)

Published by
HERBARIUM BOGORIENSE
KEBUN RAYA INDONESIA

Reinwardtia Vol.4, Part 1, pp. 1-118, BOGOR, December 1956



74 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 4

mainly based on material from the Indian Peninsula, which represents
C. rosayroana. Wight had, however, at least one Ceylonese specimen of
C. ceylanica (Thwaites 734) before him.

Wight changed (illegitimatedly according to modern rules) Gardner's
name Durio ceylanicus into Cullenia excelsa, but it is beyond doubt that
he intended to give only some corrections and emendations to Gardner's
description (which he cited frequently). Moreover Wight had before him
two different species.

The binomial Cullenia excelsa consequently should be considered a
mere synonym of Durio ceylanicus.

As in Malaysian species of Durio, it is extremely difficult to differ-
entiate species by their leaves, because of their variability in texture,
shape and size. The only reliable characters are as a rule found in the
fruit.

REINWARDTIA

Published by Herbarium Bogoriense, Kebun Raya Indonesia
Volume 4, Part 1, pp. 75-87 (1956)

FLORAE MALESIANAE PRAECURSORES XII

SOME NOTES ON THE GENUS DICHAPETALUM (DICHAPETA-
LACEAE) IN ASIA, AUSTRALIA, AND MELANESIA

P. W. LEENHOUTS*

SUMMARY

Some general notes are given on the morphology of the inflorescences
and flowers in the genus Dichapetalum and on the nomenclature of the
generic name Dichapetalum.

An attempt has been made to revise the c. 40 species described
in it from the Indo-Australian area. It appeared necessary to reduce a
large number of specific names to synonymy. In the present paper 16
species have been recognized among which 4 are new. Besides, a number
of infraspecific taxa have been distinguished. Pentastira Ridley, referred
to the Icacinaeeae, has been reduced to Dichapetalum. A census is
given of Indo-Australian species including one extra-Malaysian one, 16.
D. vitiense.

Introduction

Up till the present about 40 species had been described in Dichape-
talum from SE.Asia, Malaysia, Australia, and Melanesia. Though in
Africa, where the genus possesses its greatest development, many revisi-
onal papers have been devoted to its taxonomy, no revision has hitherto
been envisaged to frame for the Indo-Australian representatives.

During my attempt in preparing a revision for the Flora Malesiana
I have given attention to some morphological features of the inflores-
cence and flowers and to the nomenclature of the generic name. These
notes are followed by a census of the species.

It has appeared that the number of taxa deserving specific rank is
very much less than those proposed by random description. This is in
accordance with Hauman's experience with the African species of which
he finds specific delimitation generally too narrowly drawn (cf. Bull. Jard.
bot. Brux. 25: 339. 1955). A few species, notably D. timoriense and D. ge-
lonioides, are exceedingly variable, specially in vegetative characters, with
no possibility to draw specific demarcations in the population.

*) Flora Malesiana Foundation, Leyden.

— 75 —



70 R E I N W A R D T t A [VOL. 4

Four new species and a number of new infraspecific taxa have been
distinguished.

Morphological notes and nomenclature

MORPHOLOGY.—1. I n f l o r e s c e n c e s . Among the species treat-
ed here three main types of inflorescences can be distinguished, though
the boundaries between them are not very sharp. These types are:

(1) The inflorescences of some species, especially D. timoriense and
D. papuanum seem at first sight to be genuinely dichotomously branched,
at least in the lower bifurcations. There is no trace of a median flower in
the lower forks which are only provided with one transversal bract (com-
parable with the 'angular leaves' in the dichotomous branchings in Sela-
ginella, cf. H. J. Lam, Act. biotheor. 8: 119. 1948). The upper part of the
inflorescence, however, seems to be dichasial or monochasial and in the
South American D. pedunculatum I found a median flower even in the
lower forks. This shows that the inflorescence in Dichwpetalum is essen-
tially dichasial (cymose), though the median flower of the lower forks is
suppressed in almost all species. Apparently the bracteoles of these median
flowers are present and are each adnate to the stalk they sustain appear-
ing then as a transversal bract to the next fork. In this way all bracteoles
are shifted upwards one degree. Essentially similar adnations are known
to occur in the family as is distinctly shown by both some African Dicha-
petalums and by the genus Gonypetalum in which the peduncle of the
inflorescence is fully adnate to the petiole of the bract.

(2) Inflorescences glomerulous, small (typically developed in e.g.
D. griffithii, tenuifolium, longipetalum, helferianum, and laurocerasus).
Obviously derived by contraction from the first type.

(3) Inflorescences paniculate (best developed in some African spe-
cies, for example D. dusenii and D. toxicarium, cf. Engl. & Prantl, Nat.
Pfl. Fam. 2. Auf 1., 19c: 8, fig. 3B). As is shown by some deviating specimens
of D. geionioides, this type is very probably derived from the second type
(and may possibly also be derived from the first one). D. geionioides ssp.
geionioides usually has glomerulous inflorescences of the second type. In
some specimens, for instance Wallich 4342, these glomerules are inserted
together on short axillary shoots with rather caducous, bract-like, stipu-
late leaves. An extreme example of this development is shown by Cowan
U2 (E) : the 'panicles' are up to 15 cm long, with up to c. 8 glomerules,
the upper one being (sub ?) terminal; the bracts are usually either very
caducous or (the upper ones) not developed with the exception of the
stipules. This comes very close to the paniculate inflorescences as they

1956] P. W. LEENHOUTS: Notes on the genus Dichapetalum 77

are to be found in some African species, for instance D. dusenii, in which
often also some small leaves are still developed.

2. F1 o w e r s. It may be interesting to mention two specimens with
abnormal flowers, who obviously point to a staminodial nature of the
petals and the disk-lobes respectively. Both these specimens belong to
D. timoriense.

In Griffith Kew distr. 2170, the upper part of one of the unguiculate
petals consists of a normal petal-lobe on the one side and a fertile theca
on the other. In my opinion this observation strengthens the idea that
the petals have a staminodial nature, an impression one receives already
looking at the young petals in bud.

In the other specimen, Zollinger S392, the disk-lobes are replaced by
an inner circle of 5 stamens. Normally the disk-lobes are usually slightly
narrowed at the base and with a broadened often distinctly 2-lobuled
apex; these lobules are thickened in their central part, giving the disk-
lobes a shape resembling that of very young stamens.

In other cases, however, the disk-lobes are larger, thinner, spathulate,
and then they look like small, non-emarginate petals.

NOMENCLATURE.—Both Dichapetalum and Leucosia, which have
for over a century been accepted as synonymous, were simultaneously
described by Du Petit Thouars (Gen. nov. Madagasc.: 23. 1808). Both
names were soon replaced by Chailletia DC. 1811, thus falling out of
usage. As far as I was able to trace, Endlicher (Genera: 1105, no 5758.
1839) was the first who united them, choosing for the name Dichapetalum,
reducing Leucosia to synonymy. It is possible that in some little known
publication, published between 1808 and 1839, this or an other choice will
have been made earlier, but I thought it a mere waste of time going
through as many of these publications as possible, either to come to the
same result, or to be obliged to propose the conservation of the name
Dichapetalum.

Census of the species

Under each species collections are cited geographically. They have
only been mentioned as far as examined and named by me; some dubious
ones and most which were unnumbered have been omitted.

The following abbreviations of series-numbers have been used in
citing the collections:

BS.—Bureau of Science, Manila
BW.—Boswezen, Hollandia



R E I N W A R B T I A [VOL. 4

FB.—Forestry Bureau, Manila
KEP.—Conservator of Forests, Kepong
NBFD.—North Borneo Forest Department, Sandakan
NGF.—New Guinea Forestry, Lae
PNH.—Philippine National Herbarium, Manila
SF.—Singapore Field number, Singapore

These series-numbers always have been given priority over the per-
sonal numbering of the collectors.

1. DlCHAPETALUM TIMORIENSE ( D C . ) B o e r l .

Chailletia timoriensis DC. Prodr. 2: 57. 1825. — Timor, Unknown coll. s.n. (G).

MALAYSIA. L I N G G A A R C H I P E L A G O . P . S e l a j a r : Biinnemeijer
6571 (BO) . — M A L A Y P E N I N S U L A . Alvins 319 (SING) ; Curtis 3571, (SING) ;
DerrylO52 (SING), 1195 (P, SING) ; Goodenough 1917 (E, K, SING; Griffith Kew distr.
2170 (A, K, M, syntype D. malaccense Engl.) ; Holmberg 687 (SING) ; King's coll. 9U (L),
2054 (US), 3869 (BM, K, syntype D. malaccense Engl.), 5345 (BM, K ) , 5501 (SING),
6697 ( K ) ; Maingay 1125 = Kew distr. 368 (K, syntype Ch. deflexifolia var. tomentosa
Hook./.); Ridley 1602 (SING), 9636 ( S I N G ) ; Scortechini 1282 (BM, K, syntype
Chailletia hookeri King), 1654 (E, S I N G ) ; SF. 33282 = Spare 1296 ( S I N G ) ; Wray
jr. 3184 (SING), 3185 (BM, K, syntype Chailletia tesselata K i n g ) . — J A V A . Backer
17821 (BO, K, U ) , 17949 (BO, NY, SING), 18230 (BO); Van Hasselt in herb. L 899.
255-10 (L, U ) ; Koorders 20916 ft (BO); Zollinger 3652-1 (BM, K, type Chailletia
deflexifolia Turcz.). — L E S S ( E R S U N D A I S L A N D S . B a l i : herb. L
899. 255-40 {IS), S u m b a w a : Zollinger 3392 (BM, L ) . S u m b a : Iboet 249 (BO, L ) .
T i m o r : Baudin s. n. ( P ) ; Unknown coll. s.n. (K, NY, P, type Chailletia timoriensis
D C ) . — B O R N E O . Beccari PB. 3892 (K, syntype D. beccarianum Ridl.) ; Endert
1527 (B, BO, K, L) ; Haviland & Hose 3365 (A, BM, K, syntype D. beccarianum Ridl.) ;
Kostermans 7279 A (A, BO, K, L ) ; Native coll. 1074 (A, K, P N H , U S ) ; Ridley 12465
(BM, K, SING, syntype D. beccarianum Ridl.) ; Teijsmann 11365 (B, BO, K, syntype
D . b e c c a r i a n u m R i d l . ) , i n h e r b . B O 1 7 0 4 5 4 ( B O ) . — N a t u n a I s l a n d s ,
B u n g u r a n : Van Steenis 1381 ( B O ) . — P H I L I P P I N E S . P a l a w a n : BS.
15551, Kienholz (NY), 15598, Fenix (BM, K, U S ) , 77734, Edano (NY), 77793, id. (NY,
SING), 77871 = Edano 1918 (NY, SING), 77885 = id. 1884 (NY, S I N G ) ; Ebalo 60S
( A ) ; Elmer 12919 (A, BM, E, K, L, NY, U, US, type D. olivaceum Elm.) ; FB. 19890,
Danao, (K, U S ) ; Merrill 9398 (A, BM, K, NY, SING, U S ) ; PNH. 6011, Alcacid (A),
12281 = Sulit 3714 (BO, L, P N H ) , 12508 = Sulit 3968 (L, P N H ) , 13977 = Edano
2965 (L, P N H ) , 23080 — Celestino & Ramos 184 A (L, P N H ) . M i n d o r o : BS.
40975, Ramos (A, U S ) ; Merrill 2254 (K, U S ) . L u z o n : BS. 1128, Ramos (A, BO,
K, NY, SING, US, syntype D. luzoniense Merr. & Rolfe), 7710, id. (US), 7721, id. (US),
17334, Robinson & Brown (BM, U S ) , 33465, Ramos & Edano (A), 33481, id. (SING),
33506, id. (BM), 43532, McGregor (A, BM, K ) ; Clemens 17889 ( S I N G ) ; Cuming 1192
(BM, K, L, type Chailletia benthamiana Turcz.) ; Elmer 9411 (E, K, syntype D. luzoni-
ense Merr. & Rolfe), 16357 (A, NY) ; FB. 3157, Ahern's coll. (BR, NY, SING, U S ,
syntype D. luzoniense Merr. & Rolfe), 24291, Bawan & Borromeo (A, SING), 27091,

1956] P. W. LEENHOUTS: Notes on the genus Dichapetalum 79

Mabasa (A) ; Loher 181 (K) ; Merrill Sp. Blanc. 991 (A, BM, K, L, NY, US, neotype
Quilesia sericea Blanco); PNH. 3740, Gutierrez ( S I N G ) ; Vidal 469 (K, syntype D.
luzoniense Merr. & Rolfe), 1690 (K), 2390 (K). P o l i l l o: PNH. 4294 — Salvoza
1044 ( P N H ) . S i b u y a n : Elmer 12245 (A, BM, E, K, NY, US, type D. submaritimum
Elm.). S a m a r : PNH. 14460 = Sulit 4294 (K, L, P N H ) . L e y t e : Wenzel 775
(A, BM), 1350 (A, BM, N Y ) , 1414 (A, BM). B o h o l : BS. 43183, Ramos (A, K ) .
C e b u : Cuming 1788 (BM, K ) . M i n d a n a o : BS. 11771, Robinson (BM, K, L, U S ,
type D. robinsonii Merr.), BS. 34575, Ramos & Pascasio (US), 34596, id. (K, U S , type
D. nitidum Merr.), 34951, id. (L, SING), 34987, id. (A), 49052, Ramos & Edano (B,
BO, NY, S I N G ) ; FB. 9115, Whitford & Hutchinson (NY), 23182, Agama ( U S ) ;
PNH. 11678 — Edano 1426 ( P N H ) . — C E L E B E S . Elbert 3291 (BO, L) ;Eyma
3502 (BO, L ) ; Kjellberg 658 (BO) . — M O L U C C A S . M o r o t a i : Main & Aden
804 (BO, L ) . S u l a I s l a n d s , Taliabu: Hulstijn 9 6 (BO). C e r a m : Kornassi
778 (BO, L, U ) . — N E W G U I N E A . Brass 1661 (A, BRI, K, type D. venulosum

C. T. W h i t e ) ; Carr 13639 (A, BM, K, L ) , 14167 (A, BM, K ) , 15664 (A, BM, K, L,
S I N G ) ; Clemens 8249a (A, B ) , 8266a (A, B ) , 8392 (A, B), 8427a (B), 8640a (A, B ) ,
8709 ( B ) ; Ledermann 6656 (SING, syntype I), maluense K r a u s e ) , 6673 (SING, syntype
D. maluense Krause) ; Peekel 1947 (drawing in B sub nom. D. missionum K r a u s e ) ;
Schlechter 17862 (BR, K, type D. schlechteri Krause).

C U L T I V A T E D . Beccari herb. 2387 ( P I ) ; Hort. bot. Bog. XI B 489 (BO, BR,
K, L, N Y ) ; Warburg 1928 (A).

According to the circumscription accepted here D, timoriense is a
species which on the one hand is very variable in many characters — even
such important ones as absence or presence of a disk, 2- or 3-merous
pistil, and uni- or bisexual flowers —, but on the other hand, seems
to represent a natural entity. The specific population encompasses a
number of local races which, as they are often very constant, have usually
been described as distinct species. The most striking case is that of the
two main Philippine races, described as D. luzoniense and D. sericeum,
which are not only well distinguishable vegetatively, but moreover nearly
always differ in the number of pistil-cells (3, respectively 2). Therefore,
considering the Philippines only, one should indeed be inclined to accept
these two races as 'good' species.

The main local races are:
(a) D. timonense sensu strieto (Java and Lesser Sunda Islands) ;

medium-sized slightly pubescent leaves, glands often absent, if present
exclusively beneath; inflorescences rather large, stalked; flowers bisexual,
petals rarely more than halfway incised, disk nearly always absent, pistil
2-3-celled; fruits 1-seeded.

(b) D. malaccense (Malay Peninsula) : medium-sized rather pubes-
cent leaves, glands nearly always present, above; inflorescences large, not
rarely subterminal (or sometimes truly terminal?), usually short-stalked
or seemingly 2 collateral ones; flowers mostly unisexual, petals deeply
cleft, disk present, pistil 2-celled; fruits 2-seeded.



80 REINWARDTIA [VOL. 4

(c) D. beccarianum (W. Borneo; closely related forms on Sumba
and New Guinea) : leaves rather narrow, nearly glabrous, glands beneath;
inflorescences rather small, stalked; flowers unisexual, petals halfway
incised, disk present, pistil 2-celled.

(d) In E. Borneo and the Moluccas a narrow-leaved form of D. bec-
carianum can be distinguished; the leaves are somewhat more hairy and
coriaceous, glands above or sometimes on both sides; the inflorescences
are very small and few-flowered; the petals are incised for about a quarter
of their length, the disk fails.

(e) D. luzoniense (Luzon, Mindanao) : leaves medium-sized, rather
broad, rather densely yellowish-pilose, glands often absent, if present
above; inflorescences not very large, distinctly stalked; flowers bisexual,
petals slightly incised, disk present, pistil 3-celled; fruits 1-2-seeded.

(f) D. sericeum (Philippines) : distinguished from the foregoing one
by its thinner, thinly greyish-pubescent leaves, which are often larger,
by its rather large inflorescences, and by its 2-celled pistil.

(g) The few specimens from the Lingga and Natuna Islands are
characterized by extremely large, very hairy leaves.

2. Dichapetalum sordidum (Hook./.) Leenh., nov. comb.
Chailletia deflexifolia Turcz. var. sordida Hook./., Fl. Br. Ind. 1: 571. 1875. —

Chailletia sordida Ridl., Fl. Mai. Pen. 1: 418. 1922. — Singapore, Wallieh 9016,
lectotype (K).

MALAYSIA. — S U M A T R A . R i o u w A r c h i p e l a g o : Biinnemeijer 7722
(BO); Tejjsmann HB. 6674 (BO, K, L, U), 6702 (BO, K, L). — M A L A Y P E N I N -
S U L A . Derry U6 (SING) ; Maingay 3143 = Kew distr. 368/2 (K); Ridley 6752 (BO)
12181 (SING), 12182 (K), 15848 (K, SING); Wallieh 9016 (K, lectotype).

3. DICHAPETALUM PAPUANUM (Becc.) Boerl.

Chailletia papiuma Becc. Malesia 1: 176. 1877. — Netherlands New Guinea,
Ramoi, Beccari PP. 307, lectotype (Fl).

SSp. PAPUANUM.
MALAYSIA.—M O L U C C A S . C e r a m : Kornassi 1370 (BO) ; Rutten 14-5

(BO, U), 319 (BO); Teijsmann 16387 (BO), s.n. in herb. BO 170428/9/30 (BO).
A m b o n : Boerlage 474 (BO); Robinson 1858 (US), PI. Rumph. Amb. 602 (A, BM, K,
L, NY, type D. moluccanum Merr.). — N E W G U I N E A . Beccari PP. 307
(Fl, lectotype); Brass 620 (A, BO), 5577 (A), 7972 (A, BO, K) ; Carr 11068 (A, BM, K,
NY, SING), 12007 (K, SING), 12785 (A, BM, SING), 13124 (K, SING), 13125 (A,
BM, K, SING), 14938 (A, BM, K, L) ; Clemens 456 (A), 950 (A), 3208 (A, B) ; Docters
van Leeuwen 9541 (BO, L), 10483 (BO), 10606 (BO, L), 11299 (BO, L) ; Feuilletau
de Bruyn 48 (BO) ; Forbes 224 (K, L), 349 (BM), 414 (BM), 898 (BM) ; Gjellerup 491
(BO); Hollrung 37 G (BO); Kanehira & Hatusvma 11607 (A, BO), 11984 (A, BO);
Kloss s.n. (BM, syntype Pentastira flava Ridl.), Kloss s.n. (BM, syntype Pentasti-
ra nitida Ridl.); Von Romer 525 (BO); Van Royen 3577 (L) ; Schlechter 16957 (A, K,
L, syntype D. glabratum Krause). A r u I s l a n d s : Treub s.n. in herb. BO
170408/9/10 (BO).

1956] P. W. LEENHOUTS: Notes on the genus Dichapetalum 81

MELANESIA.—S 0 L O M 0 N I S L A N D S . S a n C r i s t o b a l : Brass 2797
(A, BISH, BRI).

AUSTRALIA—Q U E E N S L A N D . Brass 2510 (BRI, type D. australianum
C. T. White).

D. glabratum Krause is based upon two syntypes, viz. Schlechter
16463 and 16957. The latter represents D. papuanum and is cited above;
from the former I did see two specimens (E, K), both representing
Glochidion sp. (Euphorb.). Possibly they were mislabelled, as both were
fruiting, and as Krause mentions flowering material only.

ssp. borneense Leenh., nov. subsp.
D. grandifolium Ridl. Kew Bull.: 373. 1930.—Borneo, Sarawak, Haviland 2192

(K).

MALAYSIA.—B O R N E 0. Haviland 2192 (K, type); NBFD. 1424, Puasa
(K, L).

4. DICHAPETALUM PLATYPHYLLUM Merr.

D. platyphyllum Merr. Philip. J. Sc. 30: 401. 1926. — Philippines, Sulu Archi-
pelago, Tawitawi, BS. 44045 (Ramos & Edano) (PNH+).

MALAYSIA.—P H I L I P P I N E S. L e y t e : Wenzel 1584 (A, BM, NY).
S u l u I s l a n d s : BS. 44045, Ramos & Edano (A, B, BM, K, NY, SING, US, type).

5. DICHAPETALUM GELONIOIDES (Roxb.) Engl.

Moacurra gelonioides Roxb. Fl. ind. 2: 69. 1832. — Silhet, n.v.

SSp. GELONIOIDES.

CEYLON. Gardner 194 (BM), 1205 (BM, K) ; Rechinger 2467 (M); Thwaites CP.
1231 (BR, MEL), 1245 (BO, BR, K, MEL, P) ; Walther 1228 (K).

INDIA. S O U T H D E C C A N . Barber 3901 (K), 6195 (K) ; Cole 76 (K);
Stocks in herb. BRI 417 (BR, BRI, E, K, MEL), in herb. L 899.255-27 (K, L, M) ;
Wight 167 (E), 746 (E), 3504 (E).

EAST PAKISTAN. Cowan 12 (CAL, E ) ; herb. Hooker in herb. L 899.255-28
(L, M), in herb. U 45526A (U); Wallieh 4342 (BM, BR, K, M, P), pro parte.

ASSAM, herb. Hooker in herb. L 899.255-29 (L, M, U); Prazer in herb. L
899.255-26 (BO, L).

BURMA. Kermode 7322 (K); Lace 4486 (E); Parker 2618 (K) ; Parkinson
14134 (K).

SIAM. Kerr 6008 (K, SING), 6036 (BK, K, SING, type D. kerrii Craib).
CHINA. Y u n n a n : Henry 12692 (E, K).
MALAYSIA. S U M A T R A . E a s t C o a s t : Krukoff 4362 (A, SING);

Rahmat 1143 (A, US). S i m a l u r : Achmad 1621 (B, BO, K, SING, U).

VERN. Balunakuta, Ceylon; moukoora, Assam (Silhet).
NOTE. The specimens from Ceylon possess sometimes very small

leaves, which are caudate-acuminate.



82 R E I N W A R D T I A
[VOL.. 4

ssp. tuberculatum Leenh., nov. subsp.
D. monospermum Merr. Govt. Lab. Publ. no 35: 34. 1906. — Philippines, Mindoro,

Baco riv., MacGregor 230, lectotype (PNH f)-

INDO-CHINA. S. A n n a m : Hayata 569 (P) type D. gagnepainii Pellegr.).
C o c h i n c h i n a : Pierre 4000 (L, P), 4000 a (E, P) ; Thorel 608 (BM, K, P).

PENINSULAR SIAM. Seidenfaden 26U (SING); SF. 2719, Haniff & Nur
(SING), 3921, id. (SING), 3922, id. (SING).

MALAYSIA. M A L A Y P E N I N S U L A . Curtis 2589 (SING), 3208 (SING);
Ridley 5839 (SING), 13538 (SING), 15519, Haniff (K, SING); Scortechini 607 b
(BM, K, L, type Ellipanthus scortechinii King) ; SF. 11684, Nur (K, SING), 18843, id.
( S I N G ) , 21791, Henderson ( S I N G ) , 35288, Kiah ( S I N G ) . — B O R N E O . B r i t i s h

N o r t h B . : Evangelista 1108 ( A , N Y , S I N G ) . — P H I L I P P I N E S P a l a w a n :

BS. 77830, Edano (NY, SING); Elmer 12616 (A, BM, E, K, NY, U, US); FB. 3815,
Cm-ran (K, US), 30092, Cenabre (US); PNH. 12434 = Sulit 3916 (L, PNH). M i n -
d o r o : BS. 39365, Ramos (A), 39518, id. (A, NY, SING), 39708, id. (A, BM, BRI),
40913, id. (A); FB. 11870, Amarillas (K, US), 12009, Merritt (US), 31201, Lasquety
(NY); MacGregor 230 (K, NY, US, lectotype D. monospermum Merr.) ; Merrill 1801
(A, K, NY, US, syntype D. monospermum Merr.), 3323 (K, NY, US, syntype D. mono-
spermum); PNH. 1931, Celestino & Castro ( A , N Y , S I N G ) . L u z o n : Cuming 1551

(BM, K). S i b u y a n : Elmer 12121 (A, BM, E, K, NY, US), 12211 (A, BM, E, K,
L, NY, US), 12284 (A, BM, E, K, L, NY, US).

ssp. sumatranum (Miq.) Leenh., nov. stat.
Chailletia sumatrana Miq. Sum.: 328. 1861. — Sumatra, Palenibang, Muara Enim,

Teijsmann HB. 3817 (L).

MALAYSIA. S U M A T R A . Forbes 2781 (A, BM, L, SING), 3149 (A, BM,
L), 3176 (A, BM, L, SING) ; Junghuhn in herb. L 908. 352-858 (L) ; Lorzing & Jochems
71,76 (BO); Rahmat 807 (A, SING), U09 (A, NY, SING), 1516 (A, NY, SING);
Teijsmann HB. 3817 (A, BO, K, L, MEL, type); Yates 2051 (BRI, NY). — B O R -
N E O . BS. 21804 = Clemens 5935 (A, K, NY), 26256, Clemens (A, B, K, M), 26862,
id. (A, B, BM, K, M, NY, SING), 26282, id. (A, K, M, NY), 27027, id. (A, B, K, M,
NY), 29928, id., (K); Darnton 246 (BM) ; Elmer 20139 (A, BM, BO, BR, K, L, M,
NY, SING, U, paratype D. bomeense Merr.), 20378 (A, BM, K, L, M, NY, SING, type
D. bomeense Merr.); Hoilier B. 1230 (BO, L), 1240 (BO); Jaheri 974 (BO, L), 1736
(BO, L) ; Korthals in herb. L 909.54-151 (L) ; Kostermans 5172 (BO, K, L) ; W. Meijer
2164 (BO, L) ; Motley 419 (K); NBFD. 1309 = Ramos 192 (A, K, PNH, US, paratype
D. bomeense Merr.), SH. 4008, Puasa Angian (K, KEP, SING); Rutten 252 (U);
SF. 27211, Carr (SING); Teijsmann 11264 (BO), in herb. BO 170445/6 (BO). -
P H I L I P P I N E S . M i n d a n a o : Zwickey 7 8 (NY).

Philippines, Mindanao,
ssp. pilosum Leenh., nov. subsp.
D. holopetalum Merr. Philip. J. Sc. 17: 271. 1921.

Lake Lanao, camp Keithley, Clemens 1039 (PNH f).

MALAYSIA. B O R N E O . Elmer 20037 (A, BM, K, L, M, NY, SING, U),
2073?' (A, BM, BR, K, L, M, NY, SING, U) ; Endert 2784 (B, BO, K) ; NBFD.
1296 — Ramos 179 (A, BM, K, PNH, US), 1750 = Ramos 681 (A, BM, L, PNH),

1956] P. W. LEENHOUTS: Notes on the genus Dichapetalum 83

1971, Goklin (K), 2640, id. (A, K), 2666, Tandom (A, K), 3771, Sales (A), 9422, Keith
(A, BO, K, KEP, L, SING), A-923, Kadir (K, KEP, PNH, SING); Wood 2032
(BM, K, SING). — P H I L I P P I N E S . M i n d a n a o : BS. 36702, Ramos &
Edano (US, paratype D. euphlebium Merr.), 37284, id. (A, K, L, type D. euphlebium
Merr.); Clemens 1039 (M, US, type D. holopetalum Merr.).

ssp. andamanicum (King) Leenh., nov. stat.
Chailletia andamanica King, J. As. Soc. Beng. 64, ii: 93. 1895. — South

Andamans, Hobdaypur, 28-11-1891, King's coll. s.n. in herb. L 899.255-2, lectotype (L).

ANDAMANS. King's coll. 316 (BM, E, L, syntype), in herb. L 899.255-2 (BM,
L, lectotype) ; Prain's coll. 3 (BR, U).

6. DICHAPETALUM TRICAPSULARE (Blanco) Merr.
Riana tricapsularis Blanco, Fl. Filip.: 850. 1837. — Luzon, Bataan prov., Mt

Mariveles, Elmer 6642, neotype (K).

MALAYSIA. P H I L I P P I N E S . L u z o n : BS. 5087, Ramos (A, K), 26851,
Edano (A, K), 26852, id. (BM, US), 38324, id. (A), 78739, Ramos (NY); Elmer 6642
(E, K, NY, neotype); FB. 145, Barnes (NY, US), 2077, Borden (E, K, NY, US),
2824 = R. Meyer 359 (K, NY, SING, US), 8121, Curran & Merritt (US), 27295,
Udasco (A); Loher 5202 (K, US); Merrill 3191 (K, NY), 5190 (BRI, NY, US);
PNH. 3137 = Edano 395 (A) ; Whitford in herb. HK 4871 (K) ; Williams 441 (NY).
L e y t e : Elmer 7275 (NY, type D. glabrum Elm.) ; Wenzel 282 (A, E, US), 342 (US),
1282 (A, BM, NY), 1518 (A, BM, NY). Bo h o i : BS. 43171, Ramos (A, K, US),
43280* id. (A. K). B u c a s G r a n d e I s 1.: BS. 35044, Ramos & Pascasio (A, K,
US, type D. oblongifoliwn Merr.). M i n d a n a o : BS. 11819, Robinson (K, US,
paratype D. ciliatum Merr.) ; Clemens 1204 (M); FB. 9139, Whitford & Hutchinson
(K, type D. ciliatum Merr.); PNH. 13572 — Anonuevo 161 (A, L, PNH); Williams
2172 (NY).

7. DICHAPETALUM TENUIFOLIUM (King) Engl.
Chailletia tenuifolia King, J. As. Soc. Beng. 64, ii: 91. 1895. — Malay Peninsula,

Perak, Larut, King's coll. 3498 (CAL).

MALAYSIA. M A L A Y P E N I N S U L A . P e r a k : King's coll. $101 (BM,
L, SING, US), 3498 (BM, K, type), 4954 (BM, K) ; Wray jr. 1850 (SING), 3304 (SING).

8. DICHAPETALUM GRIFFITHII (Hook. /.) Engl.
Chailletia griffithii Hook. /. Fl. Br. Ind. 1: 571. 1875. — Malacca, Griffith s.n.,

lectotype (K).

MALAYSIA. M A L A Y P E N I N S U L A . Alvins 435 (SING), 1989 (SING),
2300 (SING), 2323 (SING); Griffith Kew distr. 2169 (K, syntype), s.n. (K, lectotype);
Hume 7180 (SING), 7505 (SING), 7855 (SING); KEP. 7419 (KEP, SING), 15210,
Kassim (KEP, SING), 17016, Osman (KEP), 20895, Symington (KEP), 23067, id.
(KEP, SING), 4581S, id. (KEP) ; King's coll. 6117 (BM, K, L, SING, US), 10429 (BM,
K, SING, type Chailletia setosa King) ; Kloss UU (K) ; Maingay Kew distr. 370
(K, syntype); Melville 4710 (K) ; Ridley 3315 (SING), 7375 (SING), 7377 (SING),



84 RE IN W A R D T I A
[VOL. 4

8261 (K, S I N G ) ; SF. 214, Murdok (K, S I N G ) , 1621, Nur (SING), 157S6, Burkill &
Haniff (SING), 16726, id. (SING), 30734, Corner (PNH, SING), 40087, Sinclair
(E, K, SING).

9. Dichapetalum setosum Leenh., nov. sp.
Frutex scandens dioecus. Ramuli pilosi. Folia elliptica, 13-19 x G^-ll

cm, rigide herbacea, bullata, supra sparse pilosa, subtus in costa nervisque
et ad marginem pilosa, setis basi bulbiformibus; subtus glandulosa, basi
late cuneata, apice breviter acuminata; nervi utrimque 7-9, conspicue
arcuatim conjuncti. Infructescentiae axillares, c. 1 cm longae, fructus
2 gerentes. Fructus subdidymi, l%-2 x 2-2% x % cm, dense pilosi, sutura
dorsali conspicua omnino cincti; pyrena bilocularis endocarpio tenui.

TYPUS.—Borneo, Sarawak, Gat, Upper Rejang riv., July 25, 1929,
Clemens 6159 = BS. 21803 (K).

MALAYSIA. B O R N E O . Clemens 6475 = BS, 21101 (A, K, N Y ) , 6159 =
BS. 21803 (K, NY, t y p e ) ; Teijsmann 8547 (BO, L).

10. Dichapetalum steenisii Leenh., nov. sp.
Dioeca. Ramuli pilosi, glabrescentes. Folia lanceolata 14-19 x 4-5 cm

herbacea utrimque sparse pilosa, subtus glandulosa, basi acuta, apice
sensim acute acuminata; nervi utrimque 7-9, conspicue arcuatim conjuncti.
Infructescentiae axillares 1 cm longae, fructus 1-3 gerentes. Fructus sub-
didymi, 1% x 1% x % cm, dense tomentosi, sutura dorsali conspicua
omnino cincti.

TYPUS.—Natuna Is, P. Bunguran, G. Ranai, E-slope, April 10, 1928,
Van Steenis 1182 (BO).

SSp. STEENISII.
MALAYSIA. N A T U N A I S L A N D S . P . B u n g u r a n : Van Steenis

1182 (B, BO, NY, SING, type), 1184 (BO).

ssp. celebicum Leenh., nov. subsp.
A ssp. steenisii praecipue differt characteribus sequentibus: Nervi

utrimque 9-10. Fructus tricocci.
TYPUS.—SE. Celebes, Mengkoka, Baula, Sept. 26, 1909, Elbert 3215

(BO).
MALAYSIA. S E . C E L E B E S . Elbert 3135 (L), 3215 (A, BO, type).

11. DICHAPETALUM LONGIPETALUM (Turcz.) Engl.

Chailletia longipetala Turcz. Bull. Soc. nat. Mosc. 36, 1: 611. 1863.
orientalis, Moulmeyn, Griffith Kew distr. 701 (CW) n.v.

S. BURMA. Heifer Kew distr. 2171 (K) ; Packman 70 (BM) ; Su Koe 9091 (K).
INDO-CHINA. Balansa 3327 (K, syntype D. tonkinense Engl.), 3328 (BR, K,

L, P, syntype D. tonkinense Engl.), 3852 (K) ; Bon 6229 (P) ; Chevalier 31788 (P) ;
Clemens 4206 (K) ; Eberhardt 3292 (P) ; Pierre 1528 (K, L, P, syntype D. baillonii
P i e r r e ) ; Poilane 1O1SS ( P ) , 15229 (P) ; C. B. Robinson 1460 (K).

— India

1956] P. W. LEENHOUTS: Notes on the genus Dichapetalum 85

H A I N A N . Fung 20117 (BM, E) ; How 70-492 (K), 73245 (BM), 73457 ( S I N G ) ;
Lau 52 (BM, E) ; Lei 100 (K, L, SING), 358 (SING), Tsang 180 (K) ; Wang 3461.2
(E, M).

MALAYSIA. M A L A Y P E N I N S U L A (including also Peninsular Siam).
Curtis 2909 (SING) ; Kloss 6782 (K), 6801 (K) ; Ridley 12183 (BM, K, SING).

12. DICHAPETALUM HELFERIANUM (Kurz) Pierre

Chailletia helferiana Kurz, J. As. Soc. Beng. 41, i i : 297. 1872. — S. Burma,
Tenasserim, Heifer Kew distr. 2172 (ace. to King, J. As. Soc. Beng. 64, ii: 92. 1895), n.v.

S. BURMA. Wallich 4038 (K).

S. SIAM. Khoon Winit 607 (K); Pierre 2780 (BM, BO, K, L, P, SING).
MALAYSIA. M A L A Y P E N I N S U L A . P e r l i s : Ridley 15103 (BM,

K, SING). K e d a h , L a n g k a w i I s 1.: Curtis 1687 (K, SING) ; Ridley 8314
(SING), 15802 (BM, K, S I N G ) ; H. C. Robinson 6299 (BM, K ) ; SF. 1057, Haniff (BM,
K, K E P , SING).

13. DICHAPETALUM LAUROCERASUS (Hook./.) Engl.
Chailletia lauroeeraeus Planch, ex Hook. /. Fl. Br. Ind. I : 572. 1875. — Malay

Peninsula, P. Penang, Government hill, Maingay 2279 = Kew distr. 369, lectotype (K).

MALAYSIA. M A L A Y P E N I N S U L A . P e r a k : King's coll. 6056 (BM,
SING). P. P e n a n g : Burkill 815 (SING); Curtis 152 (K, SING), 1553 (SING) ;
Lobb s.n. (K, syntype) ; Maingay 2279 = Kew distr. 369 (BM, K, L, lectotype) ;
Ridley 9352 (SING); SF. 815, Burkill (SING), 1533, Nur (SING), 3355, Haniff
(BRI, SING), 3441, Haniff (SING), 35766, Johya (SING).

14. Dichapetalum sessiliflorum Leenh., nov. sp.

Liana dioeca. Ramuli dense tomentosi, glabrescentes. Folia lanceolata,
12-14 x 3-4 cm, chartacea, supra glabra, subtus in costa nervisque sparse
et appresse pilosa; subtus basi glandulosa; basin et apicem versus angus-
tata, acuta; margo crenulatus; nervi utrimque 8-9 curvati conspicue ar-
cuatim conjuncti. Flores 1-2 axillares subsessiles. Calyx dense tomentosus.
Petala minute emarginata, extus margine excepto, et intus ad basin longe
pilosa. Discum non vidi. Pistillodium patente pilosum.

TYPUS.—SE. New Guinea, Boridi, alt. 4000 ft. Nov. 21, 1935, Carr
13455 (K).

MALAYSIA. SE. N E W G U I N E A . Carr 13455 (K, SING, type), 13487
(A, BM, K ) , 14474 (SING).

NOTE, Possibly Aet 78 (BO, L) from NW. New Guinea (Vogel-
kop) belongs to the same species. This specimen mainly differs by its
larger (14-25 by 6V2-IO cm), more pubescent, and more nerved (10-12
pairs) leaves, which are rounded at base and blunt-acuminate at apex;
the fruits are apparently rather alike, flowers are unknown.



86 R E I N W A R D T I A [VOL. 4

15. Dichapetalum tenerum Leenh., nov. sp.

Liana dioeca(?). Ramuli velutini glabrescentes. Folia elliptica vel
ovata, 7-9 X 3-4 cm, herbacea, supra in costa, subtus in costa venisque,
insuper ad marginem pilosa, subtus glandulosa; basi rotundata; apice
sensim obtuso-acuminata; nervis utrimque c. 8 curvati. Fructus axillares
solitarii subdidymi, 1 1/4 x 11/4 cm, velutini minute tuberculati, sutura
dorsali conspicua omnino cincti.

TYPUS.—West New Guinea, East of Sorong, near kampong Baru,
alt. 20 m, March 26, 1954, Van Royen 3180 (L).

MALAYSIA. NW. N E W G U I N E A . Aet 78 (BO, L), 286 (BO, L) ; Kane-
hira & Hatusima 12982 (A, BO) ; Van Royen 3180 (L, type).

NOTE. Possibly the specimens Brass 3834 (A, NY) from the Central
Division, Papua, and BW. 1563, Schram (L) from Holtekang near Hol-
landia belong to this same species; they are slightly different, however,
in their leaves.

16. DICHAPETALUM VITIENSE (Seem.) Engl.
Chailletia vitiensis Seem. [Viti: 434, 1862. no-men] Fl. Vit.: 38. 1865. — D.

vitiense Engl. in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. Fam. 3, 4: 348. 1896. — Fiji, Storck 876, lectotype
(K).

Dioecious liana or scandent shrub. Branchlets thinly tomentose when
young, glabrescent, grey to purple-brown, sometimes strongly lenticellate.
Leaves elliptic to oblong or lanceolate, 6-15 by 21/2-6 1/2 cm, chartaceous
(to subcoriaceous), (glabrous to) more or less densely soft-pubescent, es-
pecially on the nerves beneath; glands nearly always present, rather
many, scattered, beneath, usually one between every pair of nerves; base
usually strongly oblique, broadly cuneate or rounded on one side, more
or less decurrent; apex blunt or faintly blunt-acuminate; nerves 7-8 pairs,
curved, indistinctly interarching. Inflorescences compact, dichotomously
branched, 1 cm long, subsessile, rather many-flowered, fulvous-tomentose.
Flowers (S unknown) c. 2 1/2 mm. Petals elliptic, 2 1/2 by 1 1/2 mm, 3/4 mm
incised, glabrous. Disk-lobes nail-shaped, 2 1/2 mm, glabrous. Pistilloid den-
sely woolly pubescent. Fruits solitary, short-stalked, l-2(-3)-lobed, the
lobes bean-shaped, 2 1/2 by 1 1/2 cm, densely minutely tawny tomentose,
possibly more or less glabrescent; sutures conspicuous; endocarp ruggy.

M E L A N E S I A . F I J I I S L A N D S . Degener & Ordonez 11,045 (K, L ) ; Gil-
lespie 2025 (K, P), 3510 (K) ; Greenwood 509 (K), 509 a (BRI) ; Meebold 16899 (M) ;
Setchell & Parks 15005 (BM) ; A. C. Smith 1831 (K), 4385 (A, K), 6504 (K, L),
6902 (A, K, L) ; Storck 876 (K, lectotype) ; Tothill 530 (K) ; Vaughan 3307 (BM). —
T O N G A I S L A N D S . V a v a u : Crosby 2 U (K, M E L ) . E u a : Parks 16357 (K).

ECOL. In forests and mangroves, up to c. 900 m. Fl. mainly Oct.-
Dec.; fr. mainly May-Aug.

VERN. Wa ramende, Vanua Levu.

1956] P. W. LEENHOUTS: Notes on the genus Dichapetalum 87

NOTES. This species can be inserted in the key as published in Flora
Malesiana I, 5, p. 307 as follows:

12(b). Dioecious. Petals as long as the sepals or only slightly longer. Branches
terete. Fruits always with distinct sutures.

12A. Pistil 2-merous. Fruits up to lMs cm long. Leaves ± equilateral, nearly always
subglabrous; glands usually few, mainly near the base . . 5. D. gelonioides

12A. Pistil 3-merous. Fruits 2% cm long. Leaves more or less inequilateral at base,
nearly always more or less pubescent; glands usually rather many, one between
every pair of nerves 16. D. vitiense

The specimens from Tonga differ slightly from those of Fiji; their
leaves are thinner and fully glabrous. As a whole the species is rather
variable.

D u b i o u s s p e c i e s

DICHAPETALUM HOWII Merr. & Chun.
D. howii Merr. & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 256, f. 28. 1935. — Hainan, Ngai Yuen,

How 71068 (NY), n. v.

I did see only one specimen which very probably belongs to this
species, viz. Wang 34201 (E, K, M), and this resembles D. longipetalum
Engl., which is a rather variable species and the only one furthermore
known from Hainan; so I am rather convinced of the conspecificity of
D. howii and D. longipetalum, but as there are still some slight differences
in the leaves and as the flowers are still unknown, I hesitate in uniting
them. Moreover, another specimen from Hainan, Lav, 530 (BM, E, K),
possibly also belongs to D. howii; this specimen, with very young fruits,
is rather different from D. longipetalum.


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