Research and Innovation in Language Learning Vol. 3(1) January 2020 pp.32-39 P- ISSN: 2614-5960 e-ISSN: 2615-4137 http://jurnal.unswagati.ac.id/index.php/RILL Copyright 2020 @ Husna Imro'athush Sholihah 32 EXPLORING LINGUISTIC POLARITY DISPLAYED IN ALICE‟S “ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND”: A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE Husna Imro‟athush Sholihah husna.azka@gmail.com Department of Elementary School Teacher Education, STKIP Muhammadiyah, Blora- Indonesia Abstract Short story is an interesting texts for promoting linguistic awareness and language acquisition, e.g. English young learners. It is important to introduce them with the linguistics features, e.g. subject-finite in their early ages of language learning especially in second and foreign languages. In respecting to the students character building, short stories are enriched of doctrines and philosophy which are fruitful for their psychological development, e.g. characters. Therefore, this study aims to analyze finites of linguistic polarity found in Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland. This is interesting as it leads to linguistics awareness. Adopting Bustam & Rayhan’s (2012) transitivity analysis model of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) Approach, this exploratory research identified linguistic polarity of the attitudes of the story. The findings show that finite processes realize the polarity of attitudes utterances. Behavioral mental process are realized through finite to sharpen the attitudes in the story. Keywords: finite, polarity, process, SFL Sari Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis finite pada process dan mendeskripsikan polaritas tuturan aktor pada cerita Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian exploratif dengan pendekatan systemic functional linguistics (SFL). Dengan menerapkan pendekatan SFL yang dikembangkan oleh Rustam & Rayhan (2012), polaritas kebahasaan digali dari cerita pendek berjudul Advantures in a wonderland karya Elis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa polaritas menunjukkan proses perilaku mental para tokoh dalam cerita. Kata kunci : finit, polaritas, proses, SFL Received 2019-11-26 accepted 2020-01-06 published 2020-01-31 doi. 10.33603/rill.v3i1.2835 Introduction English short story is important to promote character buildings of children in their early ages in their language class (Rozak, Sholihah, & Misdi, 2020). A short story ussualy has http://dx.doi.org/10.33603/rill.v3i1.2835 Research and Innovation in Language Learning Vol. 3(1) January 2020 p-ISSN 2614-5960, e-ISSN 2615-4137 33 a moral value that can be imitated by the target reader. As one of the short stories, “Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland” has influential linguistic features relevant for children linguistic awareness, e.g. speaking contexts. In terms of speaking, utterances are realized in both positive and negative polarities. Following Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), finite shows the polarity of the actor/ participants. The polarity can be known as positif or negatif. Alice was begining to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank, and of having nothing to do, she had peeped into the book her sister was reading. “And what is the use of a book, without pictures or conversations?” From the example of Alice’s words, the finite is “is” that shows polarity. Some previous research have taken objects about children. Anggororeni (2018) discusses interpersonal meaning of children movie’s dubbing. She used Sistemic Functional Linguistics as the tool for analyzing the data. Sholihah (2017) elaborated more specific aspect of linguistics in her study. She took circumstance in clauses as the data. Pengsun & Fengfeng (2013) used SFL as their tool, too. Even, they focused on modality in their research, but they didn’t use object for children such as kid story or movie. Schulz (2008) has discussed polarity, but she combained it with tense and modality. In spite of a number of studies, clausal level of analysis in SFL perspective is still barely investigated. Thus, this research is an effort to shed light the process part of a clause in comprehensive study about spoken language, e.g. in a short story. The addressed question in this paper is how polarity of the Alice’ Adventures in a wonderland is realized in the process of finite? Method This exploratory case study reported finite process and linguistic polarity from the perspective of Systemic Functional Linguistics as proposed by Bustam & Rayhan (2012). All phenomena were selected from the Elice’ Adventures in A Wonderland. All cited and quoted utterances were coded and analyzed according to Bustam & Rayhan’s (2012) SFL framework. Results and Discussion The story of Alice’s Adventure in Wonderland consist of twelve subtitles. The writer selected eight titles of data because finites shows in the clauses are used repeatedly. Sholihah, H.I. 34 p-ISSN 2614-5960, e-ISSN 2615-4137 Finite is something that can be argued about (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004). Finite is the verbal component of the Mood. From 120 data, finites that used are is, am, are, was, were, have, had, do, does, did, shall/ should, will/ would, must, ought to, can/ could, and may/ might. Some of finites with negative mark are no, hadn’t, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t, shan’t, won’t, wouldn’t, can’t, couldn’t. The data can be seen on the table below. Table 4.1 The distribution of finite No Items Total Items 1. Finite 86 2. Finite + not 34 Wiratno (2018) explained that polarity shows by finite and polarity shows the actor positions or attitude. Halliday & Matthiessen (2004) said that the positive/ negative opposition is one that is fairly certain to be gramaticalized in every language. From the table, it can be conclude that the actor, in this case is Alice, has positive attitude or she has resolute determination. Finite is showed as process in transitivity. Process expresses the ideational meaning (experiential meaning). According to Wiratno (2018), process represent the experience pattern. In this study, the writer found five prosesses of clause. They are Relational process (attribution, identivication, possession), Behavioral process (mental and verb), existential process, material process and mental process. 1. Relational process Relational process is process of being, its is divided into attribution, identivication, possession and circumstance. The data example on relational process is below. But it ‘s no use now. Conj S Finite C Adjunc Carrier Relational attribution process Attribute Halliday & Matthiessen (2004) explain that a positive polarity doesn’t mean has negative sentence. From the example, finite is expressed by relational atrribution process. Besides, it shows that the actor has negative polarity. Her attitude is weak. Research and Innovation in Language Learning Vol. 3(1) January 2020 p-ISSN 2614-5960, e-ISSN 2615-4137 35 On relational attribution proceess, there is a carrier and attribute. Their posisition can not be changed. On the other hand, it is different in positive composition. It is The stupidest tea-party [I ever was at in all my life] S F C Carrier Relational Attribution Process attribute The second example include on relational attribution process to, but the finite which found was positive. So the attitude of the actor (Alice) was positive when she said that clause. In the other hand she has strong attitude or character. Besides relational attribution process, the writer also find finite with relational identification process and relational possession process. That was a narrow escape S Finite O Token Relational Identification Process value I „ve had Nothing yet S finite predicator C Token Relational possession process Value Both data show positive polarity because of its finite, “was” and “ve (have)”. 2. Behavioral process Behavioral process shows the act of the participant. It almost same with the material and mental process. Behavioral process is material process in doing action and also verbal process. There is a behavier as the participant who do something and receiver. Here is the example of behavioral process. Dinah „ll miss me very much tonight S Finite Predicator O C Behaver Behavioral process mental receiver From the example, finite is expressed by behavioral process mental. Finite “will” shows that the actor has positive polarity. Her attitude is strong or assertive. Behavioral process is also find in other type, that is behavioral process verb. In this analysis, the example shows finite which is realized has positive polarity. Sholihah, H.I. 36 p-ISSN 2614-5960, e-ISSN 2615-4137 I „ll give them a pair of of boots every christmas S finite Predicator O C Behaver Behavioral process verb receiver 3. Existential process Existential process shows the existence of thing. Existential process is like relational process. The difference is the participant of this process, called existence, placed after the process. But, sometimes, existence also placed in early clause. This is the example of existential process: “There are no mice in the air”. There are no mice In the air finite O Adjunc Existential process existence circumstance Finite “are” shows the existence of the mice. The polarity is negative because there is negative mark on the finite. Beside the negative polarity, there are also the positive form of existential process which represent positive polarity. There „s plenty of room finite O Existential process existence Finite “is” with the existence “plenty of room” realizes the positive polarity. The existence has assertive character. 4. Material process Material process shows the process of doing or process of happening. It realizes by verb that shows physical act. The participant of this process is actor and the receiver. Some material processes happen without support other participant, so just the actor. Do cats eat bats? finite S predicator O Material process Actor Receiver “Do cats eat bats?”, Do realizes the process of doing. It shows material process and positive polarity. From Alice’s speaking on the story, there is also negative finite that include on material process too. Of course it realizes negative polarity. and mine doesn’t go in ringlets Conj S finite predicator C Actor Material process receiver Research and Innovation in Language Learning Vol. 3(1) January 2020 p-ISSN 2614-5960, e-ISSN 2615-4137 37 5. Mental process Mental process is the process of sensing. Mental process explains about perception, kognition, afection, and pretension. There are senser and the phenomenon, as this sentence, I „m sure S Finite C Senser Mental process Phenomenon “I‟m sure”. Finite “am” shows on mental process and realizes the positive polarity. The actor is known having good attitude, positive polarity. I don‟t think S Finite C Senser Mental process Phenomenon From the clause above, finite “don’t” shows that the polarity is negative. It will influence the attitude of the actor. Finite is the component of process. Finite in process of clauses that found in data, then distribute on this table. Table 4.2 Finite in process of clause No Process Total Items 1. Relational - Attribution - Identivication - possession 17 12 3 2. Behavioral - mental - verb 36 16 3. Existential 4 4. Material 17 5. Mental 15 The table shows that behavioral process mental is the biggest number. Existential process is the rare one. It meant that finite realizes psycology process and as the way to measure the polarity. Positive finite can mark that polarity of a clause is assertive. Negative mark that shows in finite will influence the polarity. As Halliday & Matthiessen explain (2004), if the negative word is part of some element in the Residue, the clause itself maybe positive. Sholihah, H.I. 38 p-ISSN 2614-5960, e-ISSN 2615-4137 From the data, total item of finite with negative mark is 34 data and 86 data is finite in positive form. According to the data, the actor of the story (Alice) has assertive polarity. The writer can conclude that Alice on the story has positive character and strong attitude. The polarity found from Alice’s speaking shows that she is in certain condition whatever it is. Sort story reading is important to promote students’ critical literacy at schools (Crook, 2019; Simmons, 2016) especially in the contexts of early education which is short story is relevant (Dermott, 2015). As the final remark, most finites represent polarity is known as behavioral process mental. It means the act of mental can be the way to measure the character of the participant. As a part of the process, finite process helps readers to reveal the speakers’ attitude. Alice’s words on the dialogue mostly contains assertive behaviors. This is as an indication that she is not a weak girl. Yet, she is strong. Every event faces wihout fear. Conclusions and Recommendation Polarity is indicated by its finite to show the actor positions or attitude. To this, it concludes that Alice on the story has positive character and strong attitude. The polarity found from Alice’s speaking shows that she is in certain condition whatever it is. Finite shows the process realizing the polarity of the actor’s speaking. Most finites represent polarity known as behavioral process mental. From the findings, it suggests textual meaning and ideational, which are not explored within the analysis can be further investigated in the contexts of short stories. References Anggororeni, P. (2018). Analisis Terjemahan Makna Interpersonal dalam Dubbing Film “Thomas and Friends: Blue Mountain Mystery”. Surakarta: UNS. Bustam, M.R., & Rayhan, M. (2012). Analyzing clause by Halliday’s transitivity system Dermott, K (2015) Towards a Pedagogy of Short Story Writing, English in Education, 49(2), 130-149, DOI: 10.1111/17548845.2015.11912533 Graham Crookes. (2019). Conceptions of L2 Learning in Critical Language Pedagogy. The Cambridge Handbook of Language Learning, pages 621-646. https://doi.org/10.1111/17548845.2015.11912533 Research and Innovation in Language Learning Vol. 3(1) January 2020 p-ISSN 2614-5960, e-ISSN 2615-4137 39 Halliday, M.A.K.,& Matthiessen, C.M.I.M. (2004). An Introduction Functional Grammar. New York: Oxford University Press. Pengsun, J.,& Fengfeng, L.U. (2013). A Contrastive Study of Political Speeches in Presidential Election of Interpersonal Meaning. CS Canada: Study in Literature and Language. 6(3) doi 10.3968/j.sll.1923156320130603.5269. Rozak, D. L., Sholihah, H. I. A., & Misdi, M. (2020). Engaging Indonesian kindergarten students with adapted songs to empower young learners’ cultural awareness Voice of English Learners, 1(1). Santosa, R. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Kebahasaan. Surakarta: UNS. Schulz, A. (2008). Tense, Modality and Polarity: The Finite Verbal Group in English and German Newsgroup Texts. Language and Communication Vol. 29. Sholihah, H.I. (2017). Analisis Terjemahan Sirkumstan pada Buku Cerita Anak Berjudul The 7 Habbits of Happy Kids Karya Sean Covey dan Terjemahannya. Prosiding Seminar Internasional Language Maintenance and Shift (LAMAS) 7. The Vitality of Local Language in Global Community: 240. Semarang, 19-20 July Pascasarjana UNDIP dan Balai Bahasa Jawa Tengah. Simmons, A.M. (2016). Supporting critical literacy in high school English by using systemic functional linguistics to analyze fantasy, canonical, and nonfinctional texts. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies 3(3). Pages 183-209 doi.org/10.1080/15427587.2016.1152475 Wiratno, T. (2018). Pengantar Ringkas Linguistik Sistemik Fungsional. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Author biography Husna Imro‟athush Sholihah is a lecturer at STKIP Muhammadiyah Blora, Central Java-Indonesia. The author is interested in doing research in Systemic Functional Linguistic and Teaching English to Young Learners fields.