24 Research on World Agricultural Economy | Volume 01 | Issue 01 | December 2020 Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 Research on World Agricultural Economy http://ojs.nassg.org/index.php/rwae DCD on Mechanism of Improving Nitrogen Utilization and Applica- tion in Production of Slow-Release Fertilizers Cheng Sun* Academician Studio of the Rural Education Development Center, World Academy of Productivity Science, Beijing, 102600, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history Received: 19 March 2020 Revised: 26 March 2020 Accepted: 24 April 2020 Published Online: 30 April 2020 This paper introduces the composition, properties and uses of DCD, the effect of DCD on various crop, summaries the fertilizer effect test of fer- tilizer Nano slow release agent, analyzes the economic benefit analysis of fertilizer Nano slow release agent. Keywords: DCD Mechanism Slow-Release fertilizer 　1. The Composition, Properties and Uses of DCD DCD molecular formula is C2H4H4, structural for-mula is (NH2)2CNCN, molecular weight is 84.08, white crystal, slightly bitter taste, non-volatile, non-moisture absorption. Easily soluble in water, ethanol, acetone, liquid ammonia, ammonia water, etc. Each 100ml of water (25℃ ) dissolves about 4g, 100ml ethanol dissolves about 1.7g, 100ml acetone dissolves about 0.7g,100ml of liquid ammonia dissolves about 4-8g. Reaction with acid can generate guanidines, and reaction with alkali can gen- erate melamine. DCD is an ideal nitrification inhibitor. It can effective- ly inhibit the formation of nitrate ammonia in the soil, inhibit the activity of nitrosating bacteria, and slow down or delay the oxidation of NH4 to NO3. NO3 can be directly absorbed and utilized by crops, but it is easily leached and produces denitrification, forming NO2, causing envi- ronmental pollution. The test results show that the peak of nitrate nitrogen in nitrogen fertilizer without DCD was formed at 32 days, while the peak period of nitrate nitro- gen in nitrogen fertilizer with DCD appeared at about 62 days, which was delayed by 30 days. DCD has an ammonia stabilizing effect. Nitrogen fer- tilizer mainly has three forms, namely amide nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen. NH3 volatiliza- tion loss is common in farmland application. Generally, the loss in paddy field accounts for more than 50% of the total nitrogen loss. NH3 volatilization loss accounts for more than 30% of the total nitrogen loss. This kind of vol- atilization loss shows different volatilization characteris- tics and different processes on different nitrogen fertilizer varieties. The volatilization loss of urea and ammonium sulfate occurs after a period of time with the soil. The ini- tial volatilization of urea and ammonium sulfate into the farmland is much lower than that of ammonium bicarbon- ate. Ammonium bicarbonate is directly decomposed due DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v1i1.165 *Corresponding Author: Cheng Sun, Academician Studio of the Rural Education Development Center, World Academy of Productivity Science, Beijing, 102600, China; E-mail: sc@nassg.org 25 Research on World Agricultural Economy | Volume 01 | Issue 01 | December 2020 Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 to its active molecules, so the NO3 concentration is high and the initial volatilization amount is large. DCD has a significant ammonia stabilizing effect. Mix DCD into am- monium bicarbonate in proportion, and perform ammonia volatilization rate comparison experiment with ordinary ammonium bicarbonate at 43 ℃ to determine the volatil- ization of the two. When the volatilization reaches 1% re- sidual amount It took 10 days for ammonium bicarbonate, 12 days for DCD ammonium bicarbonate, and the time was extended by 1.2 times; the volatilization loss was 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 days, and the daily reduction of the vol- atilization loss was 9, respectively. 12, 16, 14, 12, 9 per- centage points. This ammonia stabilizing effect of DCD, the results of the indoor simulated cultivation experiment showed that it increased the effective nitrogen storage rate in the soil by 12.5%. According to practical research results, mixing DCD with urea and carbon into the soil can reduce the loss of ammonia nitrogen by 30%, and the amount of organic matter in the soil has doubled. The organic compound DCD is a nano material that can reduce the pH value of the soil by 0.2-0.4, thereby increasing the adsorption strength of soil colloids and clay particles to ammonia ions. The practical application of DCD has improved the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and reduced the amount of chemical fertilizers applied. The amount of organic soil material in the soil has doubled, improved the soil aggregate structure, reduced the soil pH value, and has significant effects on soil ecological restoration effect. 2. The Effect of DCD on Various Crops According to the Shenyang Agricultural Technology Ex- tension Station and the Shenyang Institute of Ecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a systematic field experiment, demonstration and extension of DCD has been carried out in more than ten counties and districts in Shenyang, and a large amount of scientific data has been obtained. The cumulative promotion area of peanuts, soy- beans, vegetables and fruit trees has reached more than 2 million mu, which has achieved significant economic benefits and has been recognized by the majority of farm- Table1. Multi-point test results of slow-release urea applied to corn in 1998 process Test location Yield per mu(kg) To increase production rate（kg/mu） To increase produc- tion rate(%) Economic benefits (yuan/mu) Average yield increase (%) The urea The urea +DCD The urea The urea +DCD The urea The urea +DCD The urea The urea +DCD The urea The urea +DCD The urea The urea +DCD The urea The urea +DCD The urea The urea +DCD The urea The urea +DCD The urea The urea+DCD Xincheng Area Qingshuitai Town Sunongtun Area Chenxiangtun Town Dongling Area Gaokan Town Dongling Area Wangbin township Donging Area Zhujia Town Kangping County Liangjiazi Farm Yuhong Area Luojiatun Township Yuhong Area Laobian Township Faku Town Yuanzhong Field Xinchengzi Area Huangjia Township 601 633 594 664 565 608 485 540 535 593 585 622 521 604 598 654 765 841 556 605 0 32 0 70 0 43 0 55 0 58 0 37 0 83 0 56 0 76 0 49 0 5.32 0 11.78 0 7.61 0 11.34 0 10.84 0 6.32 0 15.93 0 9.36 0 9.93 0 8.81 0 24.8 0 59.0 0 34.7 0 15.5 0 48.2 0 29.3 0 70.7 0 56.4 0 64.4 0 40.1 0 9.72 Table 2. Multi-point test results of slow-release urea in rice in 1998 process Test location Yield per mu(kg) To increase produc- tion rate(kg/mu) To increase produc- tion rate(%) Economic benefits (yuan/mu) Average yield increase(%) The urea The urea +DCD The urea The urea +DCD The urea The urea +DCD The urea The urea +DCD The urea The urea +DCD Yuhong Area Yuhongtai Township Faku Country Fengbeibao Township Faku Country Yiniubao Township Xinchengzi Area Shifuo Town Dongling Area Gucheng Township 610 653 483 550 546 592 579 662 529 562 0 43 0 67 0 46 0 83 0 33 0 7.05 0 13.87 0 8.42 0 14.34 0 6.24 0 47.6 0 76.4 0 51.2 0 95.6 0 35.6 0 9.98 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v1i1.165 26 Research on World Agricultural Economy | Volume 01 | Issue 01 | December 2020 Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 ers. The statistics of the test results are shown in Table 1-5 below. Table 1 The yield comparison test of basal application or top-dressing of DCD-containing slow-release urea and ordinary urea of corn crops showed that slow-release urea increased the yield by 5.32%-15.93% compared with or- dinary urea, and the average yield rate was 9.72%, and the economic benefit per mu increased by 24.8 -70.7 yuan, with an average value of 46.28 yuan per mu. The rice yield measurement results in Table 2 show that slow-release urea increases the grain yield by 33-83 kg per mu compared with ordinary urea, with an average increase of 54.4 kg; the increase rate is 6.24-14.34%. The average yield increase rate is 9.98%, and the average eco- nomic income per mu is 62.28 yuan. Slow-release urea is applied as a one-time base fertilizer when rice seedlings are transplanted, which can eliminate the 4-5 top-dressing process. If weeding with pesticides, it can achieve no cul- tivating. The application of slow-release urea for peanuts has a higher yield increase, more than 2 knots per plant, 1g increase in 100-grain weight, the yield increased by 5 per- centage points, the yield per acre increased by 64.5 kg, the yield increased by 23.98%, and the economic income per acre increased by 189.5 yuan. Soybean application of slow-release urea has obvious yield increase benefits. From the performance of the plant, the number of seeds increased by 3-8, the weight of 100- seed increased by 0.7-1.7G, the average yield per mu increased by 34 kg, the yield increase rate was 13.7%, and the economic benefit per mu increased by 67.33 yuan. The use of slow-release urea in fruit trees has a rela- tively high yield increase and economic benefits, with an average yield increase rate of 22.29%, increasing econom- ic income by 467 yuan per mu; and slow-release urea can promote early ripening of fruits and increase fruit size due to the effect of DCD. In summary, the application of DCD on field crops, cash crops, and fruit trees has achieved stable yield and income increase benefits. The yield increase rate on field crops is 5.32%-15.93%, and the annual rate is 9.72%; the application increase rate on oil crops 10.50%-23.98%, with an average of 16.28%; the increase rate of applica- tion on fruit trees is 22.2%, all of which have obvious yield increase benefits. 3. Summary of Fertilizer Effect Test of Fertil- izer Nano Slow Release Agent “Century Tianwang” fertilizer nano slow-release agent is composed of natural minerals, nano-organic compound materials, and trace elements. It integrates urease inhibi- Table 3. Experimental results of slow-release urea for peanut in Liaozhong County in 1998 process Number of pods(per) Hundred grain weight(g) Yield per mu(kg) Increase production (Kg/mu) rate of growth(%) Economic benefit(yuan/mu) The urea The urea+DCD 11.0 13.0 18.0 19.0 269.0 333.5 0 64.5 0 23.98 0 189.5 Table 4. Multi-point test results of slow-release urea applied to soybean in 1998 process Test location Number of seeds(grain) Hundred grain weight(g) Yield per mu(kg) Increase production (Kg/mu) rate of growth(%) Economic bene- fit(yuan/mu) The urea The urea +DCD The urea The urea +DCD The urea The urea +DCD The average Kaiyuan Town Agency Farm Seed Company 28.8 31.8 43.9 48.5 52 60 18.1 18.8 16.9 17.8 21.2 22.9 157 180 256 297 362 400 0 23 0 41 0 38 34 0 14.65 0 16.02 0 10.50 13.72 0 46.3 0 81.8 0 73.9 67.33 Table 5. Application of slow-release urea on fruit trees in 1998 process Test tree species Yield per mu(kg) Increase production (Kg/mu) rate of growth(%) Economic benefit(yuan/mu) The urea The urea +DCD Big Sand Apricot Tree 24 30 0 300 0 25.00 0 356 The urea The urea +DCD Plum Tree 32 39 0 350 0 21.88 0 556 The urea The urea +DCD Hawthorn Tree 20 24 0 240 0 20.00 0 428 The average 297 22.29 467 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v1i1.165 27 Research on World Agricultural Economy | Volume 01 | Issue 01 | December 2020 Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 tion, nitrification inhibition, ammonia stabilization, and plant growth regulation. A kind of fertilizer additive with the comprehensive effect of function mechanism. It is also a natural bio-nano composition for soil ecological resto- ration and agricultural pollution control. Its appearance is a white or dark brown powder, with good stability, not easy to volatilize and not deteriorate. It is mixed and used in a certain proportion with nitrogen fertilizers, which has strong adhesion and good affinity; fertilizer nano slow-release agents can also be added to compound fer- tilizers, in the formula of compound fertilizer production process, long-acting slow-release compound fertilizer and compound fertilizer are produced. The main functions of fertilizer nano slow-release agents are: (1) It can be used as a soil conditioner to promote the formation of soil aggregate structure and improve soil physical properties. (2) It can be used as a plant growth agent. The poly- phenol structure in the molecule can be used as oxygen re- duction. Therefore, it strengthens the respiration of plants, promotes the absorption of nutrients by plants, promotes root growth, enhances crop resistance, and promotes Early maturity increases crop yield and improves crop quality. (3) It can not only improve the utilization of N, P, K but also effectively inhibit the urease activity in the soil and act as a urease inhibitor. (4) It is also an ideal nitrification inhibitor. It can effec- tively inhibit the formation of nitrate-nitrogen in the soil, inhibit the activity of nitrosating bacteria, and slow down or delay the rate of oxidation of NH4 to NO3. (5) Has ammonia stabilizing effect. Mixing slow-re- lease agents with urea and carbon into the soil can reduce the loss of ammonia nitrogen by 30%, while the fixed amount of organic matter in the soil more than doubles. (6) The organic compound in the fertilizer nano slow release agent is a kind of nanomaterial, which can reduce the pH value in the soil, thereby increasing the adsorption strength of soil colloids and clay particles to ammonia ions. Fertilizer nano slow-release agent is a new high-tech material for soil ecological restoration with DCD and nat- ural humic acid as the main raw materials. The material is a new high-tech material for soil ecological restoration, which integrates urease inhibition, nitrification inhibition, ammonia stabilization, and plant growth stimulators. New type fertilizer slow release agent. Multiple applications of variable nitrogen fertilizers are used as a base application. During the entire growth period of the crop, no topdress- ing can be used to extend the effective period of nitrogen fertilizer and increase the nitrogen utilization rate. Ac- cording to the Liaoning Provincial Soil Station in 1997, 8 test points were arranged on corn and rice. The test results can be summarized as follows. 3.1 Materials and Methods (1) Test materials：Diammonium, urea, ammonium chloride, fertilizer slow release agent (2) Test soil：Paddy soil, brown soil, meadow soil (3) Test crop：Corn, rice (4) Field trial design：Set 4 treatments (the treatment changes or less than 4 treatments are also taken into consideration), each treatment is set to be repeated three times, arranged in random blocks, and the plot area is 20 square meters. 3.2 Experimental Effect of Fertilizer Nano Slow-Release Agent on Corn (1) Test results in five sites in Liujiahe, Fengcheng city and Xima, Dengta city I. Conventional fertilization (Diammonium 10 kg/mu + urea 10 kg/mu) II. Conventional fertilization + slow release agent 0.6 kg/mu III. Urea 20 kg/mu + slow release agent 1.2 kg/mu Analysis of Test results From Table 6 to Table 7, it can be seen that the 2 and 3 places where the slow-release agent is applied. From Table 6 to Table 8, it can be seen that the growth and development of corn is significantly better than that of conventional fertilization in the 2 and 3 treatments of the Table 6. Investigation Form of Corn Growth Period Experiment loca- tion Process Sowing period Emergence peri- od Pull seedlings peroid Tasseling period Grouting period Maturity peroid Feng City I 4.24 5.9 6.18 7.22 8.10 9.20 Liu Jia He II 4.24 5.5 6.17 7.21 8.9 9.19 III 4.24 5.9 6.18 7.22 8.10 9.20 Deng Ta I 5.15 5.20 6.10 7.20 10.3 Xi Ma II 5.15 5.20 6.10 7.19 10.2 III 5.15 5.20 6.10 7.18 10.3 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v1i1.165 28 Research on World Agricultural Economy | Volume 01 | Issue 01 | December 2020 Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 slow-release agent. The performance is the best. Com- pared with other treatments, the maturity period is 1 day earlier, the leaf color is dark green, the empty stem rate is reduced, and the number of ears per mu and 100-grain weight are increased. In terms of output, treatments 2 and 3 increase the output by 21.4-34.4 kg compared with 1 and the increase rate is 4.0%-9.0%. (2) Test results in Zhen'an district, Dandong city: Test treatment: I Conventional fertilization (Diammoni- um 10 kg/mu + urea 10 kg/mu) II Conventional fertilization (Diammonium 10 kg/mu + urea 20 kg/mu) III Conventional fertilization 1+Slow release agent 0.6 kg/mu IV Conventional fertilization 2+ slow release agent 1.2 kg/mu Table 9. Corn growth period, growth traits and yield sur- vey table process Sowing period Emer- gence period Feast Tas- seling period Grouting period Ma- turi- ty Growth Period I II III IV 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.14 5.14 5.14 5.14 6.27 6.27 6.27 6.27 7.23 7.23 7.23 7.23 8.8 8.8 8.8 8.8 15 15 15 15 9 9 9 9 Treat- ment/ fertility traits Plant height/ CM Leaf color Ear rows The number of grains 100grain weight — Ⅰ 208 green 16 570 27.4 — Ⅱ 212 green 16 600 28.5 — Ⅲ 217 Dark green 16 620 29.9 — Ⅳ 215 Dark green 16 600 29.3 — Processing item Plot yield /123 Average Yield per mu/ Kg Yield increase per mu Increased produc- tion rate project Ⅰ 12.76 13.65 12.95 13.12 364.08 — Ⅱ 13.74 14.22 15.13 14.36 398.49 34.11 Ⅲ 16.86 14.6 15.28 15.58 432.62 68.54 Ⅳ 15.56 14.6 14.18 14.78 410.15 46.07 It is obvious from the test results in Table 9 that all the treatments using sustained-release agents: Obviously there is no difference in growth period, but growth traits and yield are dominant, especially treatment III. Compared with conventional fertilization I, the plant height increases by 9 cm, the leaf color is dark green, the number of grains per ear increases by 50 grains, and the 100-grain weight increases by 2.5g. The output increased by 68.5 kg, an increase of 18.8%. From the perspective of the increase in yield, Treatment III (10 kg/mu of diammo- nium + 10 kg/mu of urea + 0.6 kg/mu of sustained-release agent) is better than IV (10 kg/mu of diammonium + 20 kg/mu of urea + sustained-release agent 1.2 Kg/mu), in- dicating that too much nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied to the slow-release agent. It has obvious fertilizer Table 7. Investigation Form of Corn Growth Characters Experiment location Process Plant height(cm) Leaf color Ears per mu （per） Number of grains per spike（per） 100 grain weight Feng City I 291 green 2364 498.0 37.0 Liu Jia He II 294 Dark green 2464 556.0 38.8 III 292 Dark green 2398 532.0 37.6 Deng Ta I 220 Darker green 2623 634.2 32.1 Xi Ma II 218 Darker green 2634 634.4 33.3 III 216 Darker green 2628 636.1 34.0 Experiment location Process Plant height(cm*cm) Ear number per/m2 Empty shot rate% Ears per mu（per） Number of grains per spike（per） 100grain weight(g) Deng Ta I 55*36.3 5.0 15.5 2824 645.8 32.1 Wang Jia II 55*37.2 4.8 12.7 2818 622.0 33.3 III 55*36.6 5.0 15.5 2807 632.1 34.0 Table 8. Corn Production Survey Form Test Location I II III Yield per mu Yield per mu Increase yield per mu Increase rate Yield per mu Increase yield per mu Increase rate Fengcheng Liujiahe 382.5 416.9 34.4 9.0 410.2 27.7 7.2 Dengta Xima 534.0 556.4 22.4 4.2 568.4 34.4 6.4 Dengta Wangjia 524.7 545.7 21.0 4.0 546.1 21.4 4.1 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v1i1.165 29 Research on World Agricultural Economy | Volume 01 | Issue 01 | December 2020 Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 saving effect. A small amount of slow-release agent can play an ideal synergistic effect. 3.3 Application Effect of Fertilizer Nano Slow-Re- lease Agent on Rice (1)Test results in Kaiyuan test site Test treatment: I Conventional fertilization（Diammoni- um 10 kg/mu + ammonium chloride 25 kg/mu（ II Conven- tional fertilization I+ sustained release agent 1.0 kg/mu III Diammonium 10 kg/mu + urea 15 kg/mu IV Diammonium 10 kg/mu + urea 15 kg/mu + sustained release agent 0.9 kg/ mu The test results and analysis are shown in Table 10. It can be seen from Table 10 that the application of slow-release agents does not affect the growth period of rice, but obviously promotes the growth and development of rice. Compared with the control, the color of the two leaves is darkened, and the number of effective tillers, Table 10. Rice growth period, growth traits and yield survey table Treatment \ Child- bearing Period Sowing period Planting period Rejuvena- tion period Tillering stage Jointing period Heading date Maturity Ⅰ 4.9 5.25 5.31 6.8 7.11 8.9 10.2 Ⅱ 4.9 5.25 5.31 6.8 7.11 8.9 10.2 Ⅲ 4.9 5.25 5.31 6.8 7.11 8.9 10.2 Ⅳ 4.9 5.25 5.31 6.8 7.11 8.9 10.2 Treatment \ Child- bearing Period Plant height Leaf color Dispensing rate Ears per mu Number of grains per spike Number of loam Thousand grains Ⅰ 100.1 green 85.5 274680.4 68.1 21.4 25.1 Ⅱ 100.2 yellow 86.0 278680.6 68.9 24.5 25.6 Ⅲ 100.5 green 85.1 273347.0 68.3 21.6 25.0 Ⅳ 100.9 green 85.6 277347.2 68.0 23.2 25.9 yellow green Treatment/ Project Plot yield/123 Average/ kg Yield per mu/kg Yield increase per mu/kg Increased produc- tion rate/% Ⅰ 14.5 14.8 13.2 14.1 470.0 — — Ⅱ 14.8 15.0 14.2 14.7 490.0 20.0 4.3 Ⅲ 14.1 14.3 13.7 14.0 466.7 — — Ⅳ 14.1 15.2 14.9 14.8 493.4 20.7 4.7 Table 11. Rice growth period, growth traits and yield survey table Treatment\ Growth Period Sowing period Planting period Rejuvenation period Tillering stage Jointing period Heading date The mature stage Ⅰ 4.8 5.25 5.31 6.5 6.18 8.3 9.24 Ⅱ 4.8 5.25 5.31 6.5 6.18 8.5 9.24 Ⅲ 4.8 5.25 5.31 6.5 6.18 8.6 9.24 Ⅳ 4.8 5.25 5.31 6.5 6.18 8.7 9.24 Treatment/ fertility traits Plant height Leaf color Tillering stage(%) Ears per mu(per) Spike grain number Pi grain number Thousand grains Ⅰ 102 Light green 28.9 106.3 79.5 25.2 25.4 Ⅱ 101 green 28.5 108.5 81.8 24.6 25.3 Ⅲ 97 Dark green 29.2 110.2 84.4 23.4 26.0 Ⅳ 100 Dark green 28.8 109.8 84.1 23.4 25.8 Treatment/ Project Plot yield/123 Average/ kg Yield per mu/kg Yield increase per mu/kg Increased pro- duction rate/% Ⅰ 15.6 16.0 15.8 15.8 526.9 0 0 Ⅱ 16.5 16.6 16.8 16.6 553.6 26.7 5.1 Ⅲ 17.0 17.1 16.8 17.0 565.8 38.9 7.4 Ⅳ 16.8 17.6 16.9 16.9 563.6 36.7 7.0 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v1i1.165 30 Research on World Agricultural Economy | Volume 01 | Issue 01 | December 2020 Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 ears per mu, grains per ear, Thousand-grain weights all increased. In terms of the increase in output, the increase rates were 4.3% and 5.7%, respectively. (2) Test results in Haicheng test site Test treatment: I Conventional fertilization（Diam- monium 10 kg/mu + ammonium chloride 25 kg/mu） Ⅱ Conventional fertilization I+ sustained release agent 1.0 kg/mu Ⅲ Ammonium Chloride 40 kg/mu + slow release agent 1.6 kg/mu Ⅳ Diammonium 10 kg/mu + urea 15 kg/ mu + sustained release agent 0.9 kg/mu See Table 11 for test results and analysis From the test results in Table 11, it can be seen that the slow-release agent has no effect on the growth period of rice, but it has an effect on the growth and yield of rice. The treatment with the slow-release agent has dark green leaf color, number of grains per ear, number of grains, Thou- sand-grain weights were increased compared to the control, the empty rate also decreased, the yield rate increased by 5.1%, 7.4% and 7.0%, and the average yield rate was 6.5%. (3) Test results in two sites in Dashiqiao, Yingkou Test Treatment Ⅰ Conventional fertilization（Diammonium 10 kg/mu + ammonium chloride 15 kg/mu） Ⅱ Conventional fertilization I+ sustained release agent 1.0 kg/mu See Table 12 for test results and analysis It can be seen from Table 12 that the application of slow-release agents has no effect on the growth period of rice; however, it has a greater impact on the growth char- acteristics. Compared with the control, the stem thickness, ear number per mu, grain number per ear, and 1000-grain weight all increase, An increase of 5.6%-10.6%, a thou- sand-grain weight increase of 0.1-0.5 grams, an increase of 79.8-113.5 kg per mu, an increase rate of 12.7%-19.6%, an average of 16.15%. 3.4 Conclusion (1) Simultaneous application of nitrogen fertilizer in corn base, combined with slow-release agent, can increase the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. Extend the effec- tive period of nitrogen fertilizer. One-time basal applica- tion of nitrogen fertilizer without topdressing can achieve no defertilization during the whole growth period of corn, and the leaf color will be darkened to improve the fertility of corn the number of ears per mu, the number of ears per ear, and the weight of 100 kernels all increased. (2) Compared with the control, the application of slow-release agent in rice has a darker leaf color, an in- crease in the number of effective tillers and the number of ears per ear, the number of grains per mu per ear increased by 0.7-19, and the thousand-grain weight increased by 0.1-0.9 grams. Fat phenomenon. (3) Apply a small amount of slow-release agent (usually Table 12 Rice growth period, growth traits and yield survey table Test Location Planting period Rejuvenation peri- od Tillering stage Jointing period Heading date Maturity Dashiqiao Water Source I 4.16 5.26 5.30 6.2 7.1 8.4 10.3 II 4.16 5.26 5.30 6.2 7.1 8.4 10.9 Dashiqiao Water Source I 4.14 6.2 6.6 6.9 7.2 8.7 10.9 II 4．14 6.2 6.6 6.9 7.2 8.7 10.9 Test Location Process Plant height Thick stem Ears per mu Spike Number of loam(per) Thousand grains(%) Dashiqiao Water Source I 100.7 2.10 351611 1228 11,1 13.2 II 99.7 2.25 409451 135.8 11.3 23.7 Dashiqiao Water Source I 100.1 2.30 369515 110.4 10.1 20.2 II 101.5 2,86 437885 116.6 11.5 20.3 Treatment/Project Plot yield/123 Yield per mu/kg Yield increase per mu/kg Increased pro- duction rate/% Dashiqiao Water Source I 21.2 18.5 16.4 18.9 630.3 _ _ II 21.7 21.2 409451 135.8 11.3 79.8 127 Dashiqiao Water Source I 15.0 17.7 18.1 17.3 577.0 _ _ II 20.2 22.4 19.4 20.7 690.5 113.5 19.6 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v1i1.165 31 Research on World Agricultural Economy | Volume 01 | Issue 01 | December 2020 Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 0.6 kg/mu) to corn under normal fertilization conditions, and a good yield increase effect can be obtained, with an increase rate of 4.1%-18.8%. (4) Under the conditions of normal application of ni- trogen fertilizer, the application of slow-release agents will increase the yield of rice. The yield per mu can be in- creased by 20-113 kg, and the yield increase rate is 4.3%- 19.6%. (5) Due to the severe drought and typhoon in Liaoning in 1997, the test was affected to a certain extent. However, it can be seen from the test results that the application of slow-release agents can enhance the stress resistance of crops. 4. Economic Benefit Analysis of Fertilizer Nano Slow Release Agent In the process of experimental demonstration and popu- larization and application in the past few years, the cumu- lative application area of various field crops has reached more than 3 million mu, and fertilizer slow-release agents Table 13. Comparison table of application of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer to increase yield and income of several field crops Crop varieties Slow release nitrogen fertilizer Ordinary nitrogen fertilizer Increase production and income Fertilizer amount kg/mu Yield Kg/mu Fertilizer amount Kg/mu Yield Kg/mu Increase produc- tion Kg/mu Increased produc- tion rate % Value added per mu Urea + slow release agent Urea Corn 20 686.4 20 604.1 82.3 13.6 57.6 Rice 25 731.8 25 666.8 65.0 9.8 65.0 Wheat 10 249.5 10 227.0 22.5 9.9 27.0 Soybeans 7 253.9 7 222.3 31.6 14.2 63.0 Peanut 7 667.0 7 583.0 129.0 23.9 193.5 Beet 25 3293.8 25 2792.6 501.2 17.9 160.4 have shown significant social and economic benefits. (References in this chapter: Zhang Zhiming, Feng Yu- anqi and other materials on DCD’s mechanism and appli- cation effects) References [1] Feng Yuanqi. Mechanism of long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and its application in slow-release com- pound fertilizer[J]. Chemical Fertilizer Design, 2003(05):56-58. [2] Zhong Yi. Nitrogen release characteristics of bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer and its appli- cation effect in Leizhulin [D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 2018. [3] Changhai Zhang, Guiping Zhang, Zhiguo Chen. Research on nitrogen fertilizer operation technology of Super rice[J].Agricultural Science and Technolo- gy,2014(6):100-103. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v1i1.165