32 Research on World Agricultural Economy | Volume 02 | Issue 02 | June 2021 Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v2i2.385 Research on World Agricultural Economy http://ojs.nassg.org/index.php/rwae Effect of Polymerized Alkaline Conditioning Fertilizer on Peppers and Disease in Acid Field Ding Wanhua Agricultural Rural Service Center, Bolao Town, Lingshan County, Guangxi Province, China 535429 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history Received: 22 April 2021 Accepted: 20 May 2021 Published Online: 31 May 2021 Based on conventional fertilization, the effects of different amounts of polymerized alkaline conditioning fertilizer on the prevention and control of pepper disease were studied. The results of the experiment showed that the application of alkaline conditioning fertilizer to peppers had a re- markable effect on growth and development, increasing yield, increasing income and controlling disease. And the effect of applying 2100 kg/hm2 was the best, of 2625 kg/hm2 decreased, and of more than 1575 kg/hm2 was obvious. The yield of applying 2100kg/hm2 was 58069.7kg/hm2, and the net benefit was 468325.0 RMB/hm2. The yield increased by 46.0%, 29.2%, 16.1% and 2.0% respectively compared with treatment 1,2,3 and 5, with significant difference; the net benefit increased by 47.6%, 30.4%, 16.8% and 2.4% respectively. The results are similar to those of the plot tests, and the application rate of the polymerized alkaline conditioning fertilizer is 2,100kg/hm2. It is suggested that the same area in southern China can be used for reference. Keywords: organic fertilizer alkaline conditioning fertilizer pepper yield benefit disease control 　 1. Introduction Lingshan County, Guangxi is located in the south sub- tropical zone, with good temperature, light, water and heat resources. It is very suitable for developing autumn and winter agriculture. Pepper is the pillar industry of local characteristic economy, and is the important source of farmers’ income. However, since autumn and winter pep- pers cultivation was developed from the 1990s, only one time medium rice and one time autumn and winter pep- pers have been planted per year, long - term and repeated cultivation has made soil-borne diseases more and more serious. And the soil has been acidic and the effective content of medium elements lacked {1, 2}, which seriously inhibited the improvement of pepper yield, quality and benefit. In order to explore the ways to repair the soil en- vironment and optimize the cultivation technology of pep- per, the experiment and display comparison of the alkaline conditioning fertilizer applied to pepper were carried out on the basis of conventional fertilization, and the effects of the application on the prevention, control and suppres- sion of pepper’s diseases were studied. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1 Basic conditions of test soil The experiment and demonstration were carried out at the planting base of pepper in Liuxiang Village, Bolao Town, Lingshan County, Guangxi Province. The cul- tivation system of the base was as follows: each year, only one time medium rice and one time autumn and winter peppers were planted, and the cycle was repeat- ed. The soil is a granitic parent material and periodical water-logging sand mud field, with a soil layer thickness of 20cm. The soil contains organic matter 34.3g/kg, total *About the Author: Ding Wanhua (1978–), male, native of Lingshan County, Guangxi, agronomist, engaged in agricultural technology promotion 33 Research on World Agricultural Economy | Volume 02 | Issue 02 | June 2021 Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v2i2.385 nitrogen (N)1.48g/kg, total phosphorus (P)0.72g/kg, total potassium (K)9.2g/kg, alkalizing nitrogen (N)184mg/kg, available phosphorus (P)46mg/kg, available potassium (K)201mg/kg, available calcium 128mg/kg, available magnesium 31mg/kg, available silicon 422mg/kg, avail- able sulfur 42mg/kg, available boron 0.29mg/kg, and available zinc 0.31mg/kg.PH 5.4; the yield of the preced- ing rice was 430 kg. 2.2 Test materials (1) Polymerized alkaline conditioning fertilizer (con- taining organic matter ≥ 14%, CaO ≥ 26%, MgO ≥ 12%, SiO2 ≥ 25%, P2O5 ≥ 12%, alkaline conditioning active compound, Bacillus subtilis, etc.); (2) Conventional fertil- ization: farmyard fertilizer 7500kg/hm2, urea 225kg/hm2, calcium superphosphate 1125kg/hm2, compound fertilizer 1125kg/hm2 (N 18%, P2O5 7%, K2O 20%); (3) Pepper va- riety: line pepper No. 8; planted on November 3, 2019. 2.3 Test design and method Five treatments shall be set in the plot test, namely: 1. Conventional fertilization; 2. Conventional fertilization + polymerized alkaline conditioning fertilizer 1050Kg/ hm2; 3. Conventional fertilization + polymerized alkaline conditioning fertilizer 1575kg/hm2; 4. Conventional fer- tilization + polymerized alkaline conditioning fertilizer 2100kg/hm2; 5. Conventional fertilization + polymerized alkaline conditioning fertilizer 2625kg/hm2. Three repe- titions were operated, with each plot 72m2, and random block was arranged. Cultivation management: farmyard fertilizer, urea, calcium perphosphate, compound fertilizer, polymerized alkaline conditioning fertilizer as base fertilizer, were sprayed as foliar fertilizer 5 times for each treatment, and other cultivation managements are same. Each plot is 15m long×1.2m wide (including ditch) ×4 qi (a rectangu- lar piece of land in a field, separated by ridges), each of which was 0.9m wide. The planting row spacing 35cm × plant spacing 40cm, and 336 pepper plants were planted in each plot. The display contrast treatment and cultivation manage- ment are the same as the plot test. Each display treatment area is 300m2 without repetition. 3. Results and Analysis 3.1 Plot test effect 3.1.1 Good effect on pepper character formation According to the observation and sampling survey in Table 1, 4 treatments with polymerized alkaline condition- ing fertilizer had positive effects on the good formation of economic characters. Among them, treatment 4 showed the best, treatment 5 overfertilized, and the effect de- creased compared with treatment 4. Compared with each other: the fruit number per plant of treatment 4 increased by 11, 8, 5 and 1 respectively compared with treatment 1, 2, 3 and 5. There was no significant difference in analysis of variance between treatment 4 and treatment 5, but very significant difference between 4 and the others. The single fruit weight of treatment 4 increased by 2.9g, 2.0g, 1.1g and 0.0g respectively compared with 1, 2, 3 and 5, and the difference compared with treatment 1, 2 and 3 was very significant. The fruit length of treatment 4 increased by 5.8cm, 3.0cm, 1.9cm and 0.3cm respectively compared with 1, 2, 3 and 5, and the difference compared with treat- ment 5 was not significant, but was very significant with the others. The fruit pitch diameter was same between treatment 4 and 5, thicker 0.6cm, 0.3cm and 0.2cm re- spectively than treatment 1, 2 and 3. Table 1. Economic Characters of Pepper Treat- ment Number of plants (zone) Fruit number per plant (pcs) Single fruit weight (g) Fruit length (cm) Fruit pitch diameter (cm) 1 336 40DD 21.5DD 28.2DD 2.0 2 336 43 CC 22.4CC 31.0CC 2.3 3 336 46BB 23.3BB 32.1BB 2.4 4 336 51AA 24.4AA 34.0AA 2.6 5 336 50AA 24.4AA 33.7AA 2.6 Note:15 strains were sampled at fixed point in each plot 3.1.2 Good effect on the prevention and control of pepper disease After the middle period of pepper growth, the occur- rence of pepper disease was investigated once every 10 days and 4 times continuously. The investigation results (see Table 2) showed that only treatment 1 and treatment 2 had umbilical rot, blight, anthracnose, blight, gray mold, scab and bacterial wilt. The average incidence rates of umbilical rot, blight, anthracnose, blight, gray mold, scab and bacterial wilt of treatment 1 were 6.7%, 3.9%, 4.4%, 3.6%, 1.4%, 0.9% and 1.4% respectively. Those of treatment 2 were 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.2%, 0.2%, 0.1% and 0.2%, respectively. The results showed that the application of polymerized alkaline conditioning fertilizer had a good effect on the prevention and control of pepper disease. 34 Research on World Agricultural Economy | Volume 02 | Issue 02 | June 2021 Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 3.1.3 Significant increase in pepper production According to the statistical results of yield in Table 3, the yield increase of treatment 4 was the best, the yield was as high as 58069.7 kg/hm2. Compared with treatment 1, 2, 3 and 5, the treatment 4 yield increased 18305.6 kg/ hm2, 13125.0 kg/hm2, 8055.6 kg/hm2 and 1138.9 kg/hm2 respectively, with the increase rate 46.0%, 29.2%, 16.1% and 2.0% respectively, and the differences were all very significant. Compared with treatment 4, treatment 5 in- creased the amount of fertilizer but failed to achieve the desired yield increase, and the yield decreased. From the comparison of yield, it is suitable to control the applica- tion amount of polymerized alkaline conditioning fertiliz- er at 2100 kg/hm2. The main reason why the application of polymerized alkaline conditioning fertilizer can increase production and prevent and control diseases is that calcium can neutralize the insoluble organic calcium and soil acid produced by crop metabolism, adjust pH value for crop growth, and supplement the nutrients such as calcium and magnesium to balance the nutrients in the soil, improving the nutritional status and benefit the robust growth of the peppers. Magnesium can enhance the photosynthesis of peppers and play an important role in carbohydrate metabolism, promoting the growth and development of peppers. Silicon can increase the content of soil salt base, promote the decomposition of organic fertilizer and inhibit soil germs. It can make the epider- mal cells of crops siliceous and improve the resistance to insect and disease {3-5}. Polymerized alkaline condi- tioning fertilizer contains Bacillus subtilis, which has the following effects. Firstly, it can inhibit the growth and metabolism of pathogenic microorganisms by pro- ducing metabolites at low concentration, thus affecting the survival and activity of pathogenic microorganisms. Secondly, it can induce the resistance of plants and pro- mote the growth of plants by adsorbing the mycelium of pathogenic bacteria to produce lytic substances, resulting in the leakage of protoplasm, causing the mycelium to break, or to produce antibacterial substances, through dissolving the cell walls or cell membranes of pathogenic bacteria spores, causing the perforation and deformity of cell wall to inhibit the spore generation. Thirdly, Bacil- lus subtilis can produce substances similar to cytokinin and plant growth hormone to promote plant growth and enhance its ability to resist pathogenic bacteria. Fourthly, it can protect the environment; when Bacillus subtilis is combined with organic fertilizer to act on crops or soil, it can colonize the rhizosphere or body of crops, purify and repair the soil, reduce the occurrence of crop diseas- es and facilitate pepper growth. The combination of or- ganic matter and inorganic fertilizer in the fertilizer has long effect, which is beneficial to the steady growth and increase the yield of pepper. 3.1.4 Obvious increase in peppers’ economic ben- efit From Table 4, after deduction of fertilizer and labor cost, treatment 4 had the best benefit, and the net benefit of treatment 4 increased 47.6%, 30.4%, 16.8% and 2.4% Table 2. Occurrence of Pepper Disease Treatment Umbilical rot Plant rate (%) Blight Plant rate (%) Anthracnose Plant rate (%) Blight Plant rate (%) Grey mould dis- ease Plant rate (%) Scab disease Plant rate (%) Bacterial wilt Plant rate (%) 1 6.7 3.9 4.4 3.6 1.4 0.9 1.4 2 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 3 - - - - 4 - - - - 5 - - - - Note: Investigate each treatment plot for an average Table 3. Pepper Yield Statistic Treatment Plot yield Yield discount (Kg/hm2) To 1 ratio With a 4 ratio I II III Average (Kg) (%) (Kg) (%) 1 288.0 286.5 284.4 286.3EE 39764.1 0.0 0.0 -18305.6 -46.0 2 325.0 323.8 322.0 323.6DD 44944.7 5180.6 13.0 -13125.0 -29.2 3 360.5 361.0 358.8 360.1CC 50014.1 10250.0 25.8 -8055.6 -16.1 4 418.0 417.3 419.0 418.1AA 58069.7 18305.6 46.0 0.0 0.0 5 409.2 408.6 411.9 409.9BB 56930.8 17166.7 43.2 -1138.9 -2.0 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v2i2.385 35 Research on World Agricultural Economy | Volume 02 | Issue 02 | June 2021 Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 respectively compared with treatment 1, 2, 3 and 5. Treat- ment 5 increased the amount of fertilizer, but compared with treatment 4, its benefit showed negative effect. The results showed that it was the best when the application rate of polymerized alkaline conditioning fertilizer was 2100kg/hm2. 3.2 The comparison results displayed The results of comparative yield (see Table 5) dis- played that the yield of treatment 4 was the highest, reach- ing 57908.0 kg/hm2, and the net benefit was 466,950.5 RMB/hm2; treatment 4 increased 48.5%, 31.6%, 15.6% and 1.9% respectively compared with treatment 1, 2, 3 and 5, and the net benefit increased 50.2%, 33.0%, 16.2% and 2.3% respectively. The comparison results displayed of the pepper are similar to those of the plot test and have good reproducibility. 4. Conclusion (1) On the basis of conventional fertilization, the appli- cation of polymerized alkaline conditioning fertilizer to peppers obviously promoted the formation of economic characters of peppers, and the effect was the best when the application amount was 2100 kg/hm2, and decreased when Table 4. Economic Benefit Comparison of Pepper Treatment Output value (RMB/hm2) Adult (RMB/hm2) Net benefit (RMB/hm2) With a 4 ratio Mulch Machine ploughing Seed Fat medicine Picking Total (RMB/hm2) (%) 1 337994.9 1500 1500 1500 15157.5 1000 20657.5 317337.4 -150987.6 -47.6 2 382030.0 1500 1500 1500 17362.5 1000 22862.5 359167.5 -109157.5 -30.4 3 425120.0 1500 1500 1500 18465.0 1100 24065.0 401055.0 -67270.0 -16.8 4 493592.5 1500 1500 1500 19767.5 1200 25267.5 468325.0 0.0 0.0 5 483911.8 1500 1500 1500 20870.0 1200 26370.00 457541.8 -10783.2 -2.4 Note: Farmyard fertilizer is 0.7 RMB/kg, compound fertilizer is 3.0 RMB/kg, urea is 2.2 RMB/kg, phosphate fertilizer is 0.7 RMB/kg, conditioning fertilizer is 2.1 RMB/kg; foliar fertilizer is 1500 RMB/hm2, spraying fertilizer is 2250 RMB/hm2, pesticide and spraying artificial is 1500 RMB/hm2; comprehensive price of pepper is 8.5 RMB/kg. Table 5. the comparison results displayed Treatment Yield Output value Total cost Net benefits With a 4 ratio (Kg/hm2) (RMB/hm2) (RMB/hm2) (RMB/hm2) (RMB/hm2) (%) 1 39001.7 331514.5 20657.5 310857.0 -156093.5 -50.2 2 43998.3 373985.6 22862.5 351123.1 -115827.4 -33.0 3 50101.5 425862.8 24065.0 401797.8 -65152.7 -16.2 4 57908.0 492218.0 25267.5 466950.5 0.0 0.0 5 56801.2 482810.2 26370.0 456440.2 -10510.3 -2.3 2625 kg/hm2. (2) The application of polymerized alkaline condi- tioning fertilizer to peppers could obviously promote the increase of yield and income. Among the four application levels, the effect was the best in 2,100 kg/hm2, decreased in 2,625 kg/hm2 which was excessive. The yield was 58069.7 kg/hm2 when 2100 kg/hm2 was applied, and the net benefit was 468325.0 RMB/hm2. The yield of treat- ment 4 was 46.0%, 29.2%, 16.1% and 2.0% higher than those of treatment 1, 2, 3 and 5, respectively, and he net benefits increased 47.6%, 30.4%, 16.8% and 2.4% respec- tively. (3) The application of polymerized alkaline condition- ing fertilizer had better control and inhibition effect on the occurrence of cord rot, epidemics, anthracnose, blight, gray mold, scab and bacterial wilt of pepper disease, which was beneficial to the robust growth of the peppers. (4) The comparison results are similar to those of the plot test and have good reproducibility. According to the results of the plot test and demonstration, the effect was best when the application rate of polymerized alkaline conditioning fertilizer was 2100 kg/hm2. It is suggested that similar areas in the south of China can be used to im- prove the planting efficiency. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.36956/rwae.v2i2.385 36 Research on World Agricultural Economy | Volume 02 | Issue 02 | June 2021 Distributed under creative commons license 4.0 References [1] Hu Baodi, Huang Xia, Liao Riyan, et al. Effects of different amounts of organic calcium, magnesium and boron fertilizer on pepper yield and benefits [J]. 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