item: #1 of 309 id: reads-10 author: Olaniyi Evans title: The Effects of Economic and Financial Development on Financial Inclusion in Africa date: 2020-07-25 words: 5855 flesch: 47 summary: In Africa, Allen et al. (2014) found that population density is more important for financial development and financial inclusion than elsewhere. This study provides empirical evidence on the effects of economic and financial development on financial inclusion in Africa, using panel FMOLS for the 2005-2014 period. keywords: africa; banking; credit; development; economic; growth; inclusion; journal; panel; population; review; studies; study cache: reads-10.pdf plain text: reads-10.txt item: #2 of 309 id: reads-100 author: Shama Ghaffar; Shams Hamid; Martin Thomas title: Impact of Teacher’s Self-Efficacy on Student’s Motivation towards Science Learning date: 2020-07-26 words: 5847 flesch: 42 summary: Yerdelen and Sungur (2018) investigated the relationship between student achievement and teacher efficacy. Findings indicated that teachers with high efficacy made less negative predictions about students, and seemed to adjust their predictions when student characteristics changed, while low efficacy teachers seemed to be paying attention to a single characteristic when making their predictions (Skaalvik & Skaalvik, 2017; Taştan et al., 2018; Zee & Koomen, 2016). keywords: achievement; education; efficacy; goal; learning; motivation; research; science; self; students; teachers cache: reads-100.pdf plain text: reads-100.txt item: #3 of 309 id: reads-101 author: Zara Hayat; Iram Batool; Sahar Hayat; Muhammad Razzaq Bhatti title: Impact of Employees’ Emotional Instability on Organization Citizenship Behavior and Burnout with Mediating Effect of Workaholism date: 2020-07-26 words: 5074 flesch: 47 summary: According to authors knowledge the basic relationship of workaholism and its dimensions as mediator in relationship of emotional instability and organizational citizenship behavior and in relationship emotional instability and burnout were not previously reported. All these researchers found significant negative relationship between emotional instability and organizational citizenship behavior. keywords: behavior; burnout; citizenship; instability; journal; personality; relationship; study; workaholism cache: reads-101.pdf plain text: reads-101.txt item: #4 of 309 id: reads-102 author: Aisha Javeria; Sulaman Hafeez Siddiqui; Rabia Rasheed; Muhammad Shahid Nawaz title: An Investigation into the Role of Leadership Commitment on Implementation of Green Banking: Moderating Influence of Responsible Leadership Characteristics date: 2020-07-26 words: 3558 flesch: 30 summary: The idea of Green banking is already flourish in advanced countries and also under developed countries of Asia; recently State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) on advice of PEPA (Pakistan Environ-mental Protection Act-1997) initiated Guide lines for Green Banking, 2017. The idea of Green banking is already flourish in advanced countries and also under developed countries of Asia, recently State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) on advice of PEPA (Pakistan Environmental Protection Act-1997) initiated Guide lines for Green Banking, (2017). keywords: banking; development; environmental; green; implementation; leadership; management; pakistan; review; role; sbp; studies cache: reads-102.pdf plain text: reads-102.txt item: #5 of 309 id: reads-103 author: Altaf Majeed; Musawar Hussain Bukhari ; Ali Shan Shah; Mian Muhammad Azhar title: Space of Green Politics in South Asia: Myth or Reality? date: 2020-07-26 words: 4710 flesch: 53 summary: According to Chritine, future belongs to environment and consequently, environmental politics would be more appealing than any issue because of its sensitivities as the survival of human depends on it. Hence, it is also a big reason for miserable condition of environmental politics in Pakistan because the politics on environment can only be done when there are concerns with environment and in matter of Pakistan the case is just opposite. keywords: asia; climate; countries; environmental; global; green; issues; pakistan; politics; south; water; world cache: reads-103.pdf plain text: reads-103.txt item: #6 of 309 id: reads-104 author: Kamran Siddiqui; Abdul Hameed; Shabbir Akbar; Mumtaz M. Khan title: An Investigation into Effectiveness of Technical and Vocational Education in Pakistan date: 2020-07-26 words: 4390 flesch: 45 summary: Technical vocational education: as a veritable tool for eradicating youth unemployment. Technical vocational education and training: global experiences for Nepal. keywords: alleviation; curriculum; development; education; effectiveness; facilities; pakistan; parents; poverty; poverty alleviation; technical cache: reads-104.pdf plain text: reads-104.txt item: #7 of 309 id: reads-105 author: Muhammad Shaukat Malik; Shahzadi Sattar title: Effects of Despotic Leadership and Sexual Harassment on Emotional Exhaustion of Employees in Health Sector of Pakistan: Moderating Role of Organizational Cynicism date: 2020-07-26 words: 6764 flesch: 38 summary: The purpose of this research study has been to examine the relationship between despotic leadership, emotional exhaustion and sexual harassment in the presence of organizational cynicism as the moderator. The present research investigated the moderation model of sexual harassment, despotic leadership with emotional exhaustion with organizational cynicism as the moderator in a cross sectional sample of about 350 nurses working in various governmental hospitals in Multan, Bahawalpur and Muzaffargarh. keywords: behavior; cynicism; development; employees; exhaustion; fit; harassment; job; leadership; model; organization; review; studies; vol; workplace cache: reads-105.pdf plain text: reads-105.txt item: #8 of 309 id: reads-106 author: Asif Khan; Tasawar Baig; Saadia Beg; Hafiz Ghufran Ali Khan title: Making Foreign Aid Work: Issues of Cost Effectiveness of Educational Aid in Pakistan date: 2020-07-26 words: 6921 flesch: 44 summary: The quality of inclusive and accountable institutions in a donor-recipient country determines the effectiveness of foreign aid. Introduction The effectiveness of foreign aid relies on the capacity of the recipient country to utilize external assistance through inclusive and accountable institutions. keywords: aid; countries; development; donor; education; instructors; new; pakistan; program; project; study; training cache: reads-106.pdf plain text: reads-106.txt item: #9 of 309 id: reads-107 author: Mirza Nasir Mehdi; Anjum Ihsan; Shahid Bashir title: Capital Investment Decision Making and Risk Management Methods: Evidence From Listed Companies on Pakistan Stock Exchange date: 2020-07-26 words: 6347 flesch: 56 summary: Fadi and Northcott (2006) found that Probability Analysis is widely applied tool for the assessment for decision making of capital investment. There is hardly any study in Pakistan that focuses this issue of capital investment criteria in so much depth. keywords: capital; capital investment; decision; investment; journal; making; management; methods; model; results; risk; rmm cache: reads-107.pdf plain text: reads-107.txt item: #10 of 309 id: reads-108 author: Tahreem Baloch; Muhammadi Sabra Nadeem; Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman title: Impact of Employees Core Self-Evaluations on Employee Engagement: Moderating Role of Organizational Culture date: 2020-07-26 words: 5302 flesch: 41 summary: H4: Bureaucratic organizational culture will moderate relationship between employee core self evaluations (CSEs) and employee engagement such that CSEs–employee engagement relationship will be negative and weaker. Thus, following hypotheses were suggested, H2: Innovative organizational culture is likely to have a moderating impact on a relationship between employee core self evaluations (CSEs) and employee engagement such that CSEs–employee engagement relationship will be positive and stronger. keywords: core; cses; culture; employee; employee engagement; engagement; evaluations; model; relationship; research; self; study cache: reads-108.pdf plain text: reads-108.txt item: #11 of 309 id: reads-109 author: Sidra Karamat; Muhammad Muzaffar; Ali Shan Shah title: The Politics of Religious Extremism in Pakistan: An Analysis date: 2020-07-26 words: 4872 flesch: 44 summary: Most of the literary works typically concentrates on religious extremism as a trend outside the central government, (practical execution of the religious belief, most of the things the followers of trust in country policies talk about cannot be applied in contemporary country, religious political parties lack proper skills or attitude that assures good government in contemporary nation state system, hence they use either emotional slogans, motto religious affiliation or power to make individuals accept their global view point and manage to get seats in general elections) what happens when the ideological philosophy becomes a reality and experienced power, religious extremist parties when they come to power, use assault as a semi-official tool of government and governmental self-preservation the MMA used the emotional term „Islam in danger‟ during the general elections of 2002 in the history of the United States attack on Afghanistan in 2002 and approved the activities taken by militants and the Taliban in the Tribal areas of Pakistan against the “infidels”(Misra, 2003). Islamic political parties should cooperate on federal or provincial levels with national and local political parties to eliminate the religious extremism in Pakistan. keywords: army; assault; country; extremism; government; groups; islamic; pakistan; parties; power; state cache: reads-109.pdf plain text: reads-109.txt item: #12 of 309 id: reads-11 author: Sofia Anwar; Aisha Iftikhar; Aisha Asif; Zahira Batool title: Households Socio-Economic Determinants of Childhood Diarrhoea Morbidity in Selected South Asian Countries date: 2020-07-25 words: 5369 flesch: 65 summary: The effect of handwashing at recommended times with water alone and with soap on child diarrhea in rural Bangladesh: an observational study. It is widely recognized that child morbidity influenced by socio-economic, demographic, and environmental factors such as child age, maternal education and occupation, socio-economic status, place of residence, housing conditions, improved toilet facilities and water source and number of children in the household (Ahuja et al., 2014; Chakrabarti, 2012; Kandala et al., 2008; 2009; Mihrete et al., 2014; Verma et al., 2016; Woldemicael, 2001; Zeleke et al., 2014). keywords: children; countries; diarrhea; gamma; health; morbidity; pakistan; study; value; water cache: reads-11.pdf plain text: reads-11.txt item: #13 of 309 id: reads-110 author: Imran Sharif Chaudhry; Samina Sabir; Fatima Gulzar title: Technology and Economic Growth: Role of Financial Development in South Asian Countries date: 2020-07-26 words: 5240 flesch: 46 summary: Financial development also leads to enhance the level of technology by providing finance to entrepreneurs for technological innovations which leads to economic growth. This study examines the impact of financial development and technology on economic growth of selected South Asian countries over the time span 1984-2017. keywords: capital; countries; development; economic; gdp; growth; sector; south; study; technology cache: reads-110.pdf plain text: reads-110.txt item: #14 of 309 id: reads-111 author: Asad Ur Rehman; Salniza Bt Md. Salleh; Norzieiriani bt. Ahmad title: Brand-Centered Human Resource Practices and Brand Citizenship Behavior: The Notion to Develop Competitive Advantage date: 2020-07-26 words: 5275 flesch: 39 summary: The likelihood of employee brand citizenship behavior will be increased based on the brand-centered human resource practices. Brand-centered recruitment: A new discourse in the delivery of employee brand promise British Journal of Marketing Studies, 5(1), 27-36. Saifalislam, K., Osman, A., &AlQudah, M. (2014). keywords: behavior; brand; branding; citizenship; employees; journal; management; practices; recruitment; resource; role cache: reads-111.pdf plain text: reads-111.txt item: #15 of 309 id: reads-112 author: Khalil Ur Rehman Wahla; Hameeda Akhtar; Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah title: Framing Effect and Financial Wellbeing: Role of Investment Behaviors as Mediator date: 2020-07-26 words: 5621 flesch: 49 summary: Negative financial behaviors affect the financial well-being of the households negatively. Introduction Behavioral finance studies found that human beings could always not be rational while making financial decisions (Otuteye & Siddiquee, 2014; Howard, 2012; Slovic, 2001) and financial behaviors could be determined by the behavioral biases (OECD, 2013; Baker & Ricciardi, 2014). keywords: behaviors; effect; financial; framing; hypothesis; individuals; investment; investment behaviors; kahneman; studies; wellbeing cache: reads-112.pdf plain text: reads-112.txt item: #16 of 309 id: reads-113 author: Mian Muhammad Azhar; Abdul Basit Khan; Musawar Hussain Bukhari title: A Comparative Analysis of Intra-party Democracy within the Major Political Parties of Pakistan, India and Bangladesh date: 2020-07-26 words: 6989 flesch: 51 summary: In the democratic form of government, political parties play a determinative and creative role. If democracy deems not to flourish without political parties, then it is also important to assess how political parties are internally democratic in their determination and decision-making, influence and significance, proceeding and practices and distribution and dissemination of authority. keywords: bangladesh; candidates; committee; democracy; democratic; elections; electoral; intra; pakistan; parties; party; pml; president; tickets cache: reads-113.pdf plain text: reads-113.txt item: #17 of 309 id: reads-114 author: Allah Bakhsh Khan; Muhammad Hanif Akhtar; Adeel Akhtar title: Impact of Corporate Reputation on Firm Risk: An Analysis of Pakistan Stock Exchange Listed and PACRA Rated Firms date: 2020-07-26 words: 4390 flesch: 53 summary: Review of Economics and Development Studies Vol. 5, No 2, June2019 365 Volume and Issues Obtainable at Center for Sustainability Research and Consultancy Review of Economics and Development Studies ISSN:2519-9692 ISSN (E): 2519-9706 Volume 5: No. 2, June2019 Journal homepage: www.publishing.globalcsrc.org/reads Impact of Corporate Reputation on Firm Risk: An Analysis of Pakistan Stock Exchange Listed and PACRA Rated Firms 1 Allah Bakhsh, 2 Muhammad Hanif Akhtar, 3 Adeel Akhtar 1 Assistant Professor, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, abkhan@bzu.edu.pk 2 Professor of Commerce, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, hanifakhtar@bzu.edu.pk 3 Assistant Professor, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT History Revised format: May 2019 Available Online: June2019 This study has examined the impact of corporate reputation on risk exposure of the firms listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) and rated by Pakistan Credit Rating Agency (PACRA). keywords: firms; market; performance; relationship; reputation; review; risk; study; value cache: reads-114.pdf plain text: reads-114.txt item: #18 of 309 id: reads-115 author: Uzma Shahzadi; Bashir Hussain title: Perceptions of Prospective Teachers about Peer Assessment as a Tool for Reflective Practices date: 2020-07-26 words: 4785 flesch: 51 summary: This study focuses on exploring the perceptions of prospective teachers about use of peer assessment as a reflective tool in classrooms of teacher education programs. From analysis of data, it was found that prospective teachers perceive that they are sometimes equipped with necessary skills for involving in peer assessment and occasionally their teachers provide them necessary tools to carry out peer assessment for the reflective learning. keywords: assessment; education; feedback; learning; peer; peer assessment; students; teachers; tool cache: reads-115.pdf plain text: reads-115.txt item: #19 of 309 id: reads-116 author: Muhammad Shahid; Nazim Ali title: The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital and Organizatioanal Commitment between Work Environment and Job Bunrout date: 2020-07-26 words: 3349 flesch: 50 summary: June2019 The objective of this research was not only to investigate the relationship between working environment (WE) and job burnout (JB), WE and organizational commitment (OC), WE and psychological capital PsychCap, OC and JB, PsychCap and JB but also to investigate the mediating effect of OC and PsychCap between the relationship of working environment and JB of doctors working in hospitals of KP, Pakistan. The impact of psychological capital on mental health among Iranian nurses: considering the mediating role of job burnout. keywords: burnout; job; psychcap; relationship; study; work cache: reads-116.pdf plain text: reads-116.txt item: #20 of 309 id: reads-117 author: Zakia Bano; Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich; Iram Naz; Aqsa Shahzadi title: Socioeconomic Status, Dependent Personality and Nail Biting Behavior Among Adults: Evaluation of Structural Relationship date: 2020-07-26 words: 4930 flesch: 47 summary: Dependent personality disorder is one of the most frequently diagnosed personality disorders. A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of which leads to submissiveness and clinging behavior as well as fears of separation is described as Dependent personality disorder (Simonelli & Parolin, 2017). keywords: adults; behavior; biting; disorder; nail; nail biting; participants; personality; personality disorder cache: reads-117.pdf plain text: reads-117.txt item: #21 of 309 id: reads-118 author: Mian Muhmmad Saleem; Ayaz Ahmad; Sana Hussain title: The Construction of Factuality in Pakistan’s Legal Discourse: A Stylistic Analysis of Logical Fallacies date: 2020-07-26 words: 3984 flesch: 49 summary: In another study of stylistics of legal text of Pakistan, (Nawaz, Bilal, Khan, & Ahmed, 2013) have identified stylistic features in the graphological, lexical and syntactic aspects of legal texts which give the legal texts of Pakistan a distinctive identity. The paper finds how this virtue is jeopardized by the presence of logical fallacies. keywords: analysis; court; fallacies; language; legal; pakistan; stylistics; text cache: reads-118.pdf plain text: reads-118.txt item: #22 of 309 id: reads-119 author: Amjad Ali; Zilakat khan; Sher Ali title: Globalization and Macroeconomic Instability: Evidence from Unemployment in Pakistan date: 2020-07-26 words: 4150 flesch: 48 summary: Dreher, A. (2003), Does Globalization Affects Growth? The results of short run and long run estimates showed that globalization forces affected unemployment in Pakistan. keywords: developing; development; economic; fdi; globalization; growth; impact; pakistan; trade; unemployment; world cache: reads-119.pdf plain text: reads-119.txt item: #23 of 309 id: reads-12 author: Sumaira Batool; Fatima Farooq; Imran Abbas; Muhammad Abbas title: Efficiency Analysis of Public and Private Sector Schools of Multan District: A Non-Parametric Approach date: 2020-07-25 words: 4057 flesch: 55 summary: Research conducted by Asadullah (2009) concluded that Pakistan private schools appeared to be more effective than public schools in boosting students’ achievements. The results of the data demonstrate that public schools lag behind private schools in terms of CRS and VRS technical efficiency scores and scale efficiency scores. keywords: data; economics; education; efficiency; mean; median; public; scale; schools; technical cache: reads-12.pdf plain text: reads-12.txt item: #24 of 309 id: reads-120 author: Sajid Mahmood Awan title: Ideological Diversity and Birth Control Differentials in Pakistan: A Study of Islamabad date: 2020-07-26 words: 4245 flesch: 60 summary: A number of researchers go beyond the need of family planning at family level and even think that it can be implemented at the national level also, if it is in the real benefit of family and Muslim community. The researcher’s task has thus been to observe the responses and to point out whether the objective variables i.e. geographical, income and class, occupation and age factors etc. are more significantly associated with knowledge, attitude and practice of family planning or the subjective variables like religion and sect appear to be more important determining factor of family planning practice in a traditional society like that of Pakistan. keywords: education; family; fertility; islamabad; level; literacy; pakistan; planning; population cache: reads-120.pdf plain text: reads-120.txt item: #25 of 309 id: reads-122 author: Syed Shahid Hussain Bukhari; Waseem Din ; Imtiaz Ahmad warraich title: Fragility of Nascent Democracies: A Case Study of Pakistan date: 2020-07-26 words: 5359 flesch: 60 summary: Finally, Pakistan was dismembered and East Pakistan became Bangladesh on Dec16, 1971 due to this ethnic cleavage. During his period East Pakistan became Bangladesh after being dismembered from West Pakistan on Dec 16, 1971. keywords: country; democracy; development; forces; government; khan; military; pakistan; people; politics; system cache: reads-122.pdf plain text: reads-122.txt item: #26 of 309 id: reads-125 author: Muhammad Zia Ullah Khan; Muhammad Khyzer bin Dost; Muhammad Wasim Akram; Pirzada Sami Ullah Sabri title: Energy Consumption in Agriculture Sector, Environmental Cleanliness and Economic Growth: An Empirical Evidence of South Asian Countries date: 2020-07-26 words: 4487 flesch: 51 summary: Farming area in South Asian nations is exceptionally vital for the continuous nourishment supply to the local populace. The quick changes in the agrarian segment essentially http://www.publishing.globalcsrc.org/reads Review of Economics and Development Studies Vol. 5, No 3, 2019 430 influenced the little agriculturists in South Asian nations amid the 1960s. keywords: asian; consumption; countries; development; economic; economy; electricity; energy; growth; nations; pakistan; south cache: reads-125.pdf plain text: reads-125.txt item: #27 of 309 id: reads-126 author: Asia Umar Khan; Gohar Zaman; Qadar Bakhsh Baloch title: Effect of People, Process and Physical Evidence on Satisfaction of Sikh Pilgrims Visiting Pakistan: Moderating Role of Personal Perceived Risk of Terrorism date: 2020-07-26 words: 5442 flesch: 51 summary: 3. Hypotheses The hypotheses for the study are stated as following; H1: The variable People has a significant effect on Religious tourist satisfaction. The variable Physical Evidence has a significant effect on Religious tourist satisfaction. keywords: effect; evidence; factor; fit; model; people; process; risk; satisfaction; sikh; study; terrorism; tourism; tourists cache: reads-126.pdf plain text: reads-126.txt item: #28 of 309 id: reads-129 author: Nisar Ahmed; Beenish Malik title: Impact of Psychological Empowerment on Job Performance of Teachers: Mediating Role of Psychological Well-being date: 2020-07-26 words: 5255 flesch: 43 summary: It was found that psychological empowerment and well-being were significantly and positively related to job performance of teachers. More importantly, this paper will try to investigate the effect of psychological well-being as a mediator between psychological empowerment and job performance. keywords: effect; empowerment; job; job performance; journal; performance; psychological; relationship; school; study; teachers cache: reads-129.pdf plain text: reads-129.txt item: #29 of 309 id: reads-13 author: Macleans Mzumara title: Increasing Supply of Tradable Goods in the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) date: 2020-07-25 words: 15231 flesch: 55 summary: Since domestic resources are limited in COMESA countries, FDI becomes crucial in determining the capacity to produce tradable goods. To increase production in COMESA countries, domestic capital is required. keywords: accountability; comesa; corruption; effectiveness; goods; government; government effectiveness; law; production; quality; regression; regression analysis; rule; stability; table; voice cache: reads-13.pdf plain text: reads-13.txt item: #30 of 309 id: reads-130 author: Nabila Asghar; Hafeez Ur Rehman ; Majid Ali title: Cost Productivity of Healthcare Systems in OIC’s Member Countries: An Application of Cost Malmquist Total Productivity Index date: 2020-07-26 words: 3965 flesch: 54 summary: Not many studies have considered the potential second-stage correlates of cost productivity change. Methods The study uses cost Malmquist productivity index for measuring cost productivity change and efficiency change of the individual countries for the period 2011 - 2015. . keywords: change; cost; countries; efficiency; healthcare; index; malmquist; productivity cache: reads-130.pdf plain text: reads-130.txt item: #31 of 309 id: reads-131 author: Muhammad Danyal Khan; Rao Imran Habib; Attaullah Mehmood; Abdul-Basit title: Intellectual Property Rights and Creative Economy; Way Forward for Pakistan date: 2020-07-26 words: 4713 flesch: 41 summary: Saxenian (1994) explains the growth of creative industries and stresses that creative industry may grow with cooperation of universities, industries, and entrepreneurs by uniting human capital to market that will ultimately help growth of not only innovation but also creative economy. In order to help patent related creative industries, it is need of the time to invest in research and development of innovative ideas at universities and industries levels. keywords: copyrights; creative; development; economy; growth; industries; innovation; ordinance; pakistan; patent; property cache: reads-131.pdf plain text: reads-131.txt item: #32 of 309 id: reads-132 author: Muhammad Shabir Jan; Sher Ali; Abid Ali title: Does Corruption Affect Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence From East Asian Countries date: 2020-07-26 words: 5152 flesch: 51 summary: The result of Pooled OLS regression reveal that east country corruption positively affect amount of inflow of FDI, which is supporting the “helping hand theory of corruption” .it The impact of corruption on FDI inflow has been extensively studied in previous research. keywords: corruption; countries; country; data; economic; effect; fdi; inflow; investment; results; studies; study cache: reads-132.pdf plain text: reads-132.txt item: #33 of 309 id: reads-136 author: Ruhma Khan; Imran Sharif Chaudhry title: Impact of Human Capital on Employment and Economic Growth in Developing Countries date: 2020-07-26 words: 5074 flesch: 53 summary: Mincer (1995) had explained the sources of human capital growth for economic development. The results proposed that due to an increase in human capital employment rate of the developing countries accelerate. keywords: capital; countries; development; economic; education; effect; employment; gdp; growth; pakistan; review cache: reads-136.pdf plain text: reads-136.txt item: #34 of 309 id: reads-137 author: Mujahid Shah; Ali Furqan; Khalid Mehmood Zaman title: A Sociolinguistic Investigation of the Code Switching Practices of Students Outside Classroom in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan date: 2020-07-26 words: 5143 flesch: 57 summary: What are the reasons of students CS outside the classroom? Further, mostly CS studies have looked at either the perceptions of students or teachers or their practices but very limited numbers of them have examined the perceptions of teachers or students with their practices in one and the same study. keywords: classroom; code; english; language; pashto; students; studies; study; use cache: reads-137.pdf plain text: reads-137.txt item: #35 of 309 id: reads-138 author: Khairullah Jan; Sher Ali ; Abid Ali; Muhammad Shabir Jan title: An Empirical Investigation of Consumer Satisfaction from Private Transport Services in District Peshawar date: 2020-07-26 words: 4370 flesch: 50 summary: Different fifteen variables were identified from literatures which determine consumer satisfaction. Four different models were estimated to investigate different factors affecting consumer satisfaction individually and collectively. keywords: consumer; data; factors; level; satisfaction; sector; services; study; transport; variables cache: reads-138.pdf plain text: reads-138.txt item: #36 of 309 id: reads-139 author: Hina Ali; Fatima Farooq; Khizra Sardar; Zahra Masood Bhutta title: How Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Economic Growth in Pakistan: A Time Series Data Analysis date: 2020-07-26 words: 4115 flesch: 55 summary: In the present study, empirical findings demonstrated the negative association between economic growth and foreign direct investment in Pakistan. Dunning (2001) has elaborated the benefits of foreign direct investment as well that further leads to economic growth. keywords: development; economic; fdi; foreign; growth; investment; journal; pakistan; review; studies; variables cache: reads-139.pdf plain text: reads-139.txt item: #37 of 309 id: reads-14 author: Saima Mukhtar; Imran Sharif Chaudhry; Furrukh Bashir title: Stock prices and Macroeconomic Performance in Pakistan: An Analysis date: 2020-07-25 words: 4032 flesch: 66 summary: We will use following four models Model 1: GDP = α0 + α1 KSE + α2 CPI + α3 AGRI + et Where: GDP = Gross Domestic Product KSE = Karachi Stock Exchange 100 index CPI = Consumer Price Index (a proxy for inflation) AGRI = Agriculture value added Model 2: CPI = α0 + α1 KSE + α2 M2 + α3 GDP +α4AGRI+ et Where: CPI = Consumer price index KSE = Karachi Stock Exchange 100 index M2 = broad money GDP = Gross Domestic Product AGRI= In order to take the full advantage of stock market and carry on with the international markets well managed macroeconomic policies are necessary in which interest rates and inflation rate are thoroughly monitor and try to reduce the value as much possible. keywords: cpi; gdp; index; kse; model; stock cache: reads-14.pdf plain text: reads-14.txt item: #38 of 309 id: reads-140 author: Ausima Sultan Malik; Raja Nasim Akhtar title: Role of Cinema in Identity Construction in India and Pakistan after Partition 1947 date: 2020-07-26 words: 4895 flesch: 46 summary: Visual modality, tilts towards higher side as the scale leans towards the medium saturation. Visual modality is considered a valuable tool in shifting the focus of the audience towards the meaning potential of the numerous features of the images along with linguistic modality, support the examination of the underlying edifices and making inferences from those, which was the focus of this research paper. keywords: articulation; degree; machin; mayr; modality; movie; other‟; real; visual cache: reads-140.pdf plain text: reads-140.txt item: #39 of 309 id: reads-141 author: Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi; Tehmina Fiaz Qazi; Kamran Yousef Sandhu title: Uncovering the Myths of TQM in Readymade Garment Sector of Pakistan: An Interpretive Structural Modeling Approach date: 2020-07-26 words: 5555 flesch: 45 summary: (2014) TQM implementation in engineering education in India ISM 13 Quality mission and vision statement Talib et al. (2011a) TQM practices in service sector in India ISM 17 Top management commitment Talib et al. (2011b) Barriers to TQM implementation ISM 12 Lack of top management commitment TQM has become very important factor which can dictate the fate of the organizations in today‟s complex world. This study is useful for the organizations which are in process of implementing TQM practices. keywords: implementation; journal; lack; management; pakistan; performance; practices; quality; study; tqm cache: reads-141.pdf plain text: reads-141.txt item: #40 of 309 id: reads-142 author: Muhammad Naeem Akbar Qazi title: China Pakistan Economic Corridor: A Game Changer Project date: 2020-07-26 words: 4785 flesch: 54 summary: Pakistan China – Time Tested and All-Weather Friends Since their independence, Pakistan and China have remained allies. China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) being a subset of “One Belt One Road” (OBOR) was formally launched in 2013. keywords: china; corridor; country; cpec; development; economic; gwadar; iran; pakistan; port; project; security; trade cache: reads-142.pdf plain text: reads-142.txt item: #41 of 309 id: reads-143 author: Zara Hayat; Iram Batool; Sahar Hayat; Uzma Amin title: Emotional Instability, Employees Work Outcomes among Academia: Compulsory Citizenship Behavior and Leadership Style as Moderators date: 2020-07-26 words: 5985 flesch: 42 summary: The result indicated that Compulsory citizenship behavior has no moderating role in relationship of workaholism and organizational citizenship behavior and it does not effects the strength of relationship of workaholism and burnout. Finding of the study showed that there was negative and significant relationship between emotional instability, workaholism and organizational citizenship behavior whereas, there was positive and significant relationship between emotional instability and burnout. keywords: behavior; burnout; citizenship; citizenship behavior; employees; instability; journal; leadership; relationship; study; workaholism cache: reads-143.pdf plain text: reads-143.txt item: #42 of 309 id: reads-146 author: Ghulam Muhammad Nagra; Ghulam Mustafa; Muhammad Imran title: An Analysis of Pak-US Relations after Pentagon 2011 Attacks date: 2020-07-26 words: 5210 flesch: 63 summary: According to Pakistan India would use this aid to fulfil its „‟long cherished dream of Asian leadership”. US made all its efforts to halt Pakistan nuclear program and threatened to stop aid and supply of A-7 bombers to Pakistan. keywords: asia; india; nuclear; pakistan; policy; relations; relationship; south; states; united; usa; war cache: reads-146.pdf plain text: reads-146.txt item: #43 of 309 id: reads-147 author: Rabia Rasheed; Sulaman Hafeez Siddiqui; Iqbal Mahmood; Sajjad Nawaz Khan title: Financial Inclusion for SMEs: Role of Digital Micro-Financial Services date: 2020-07-26 words: 5837 flesch: 40 summary: Moreover, to facilitate micro, small and medium firms Pakistan financial inclusion and infrastructure project has been launched by SBP specifically for SMEs and women entrepreneurs. By digging out the existing literature and secondary data, the study discusses that digital financial services have greatly helped owner managers of SMEs in smooth management of their transactions and finances. keywords: bank; countries; development; digital; digitization; finance; growth; inclusion; mobile; pakistan; percent; services; smes cache: reads-147.pdf plain text: reads-147.txt item: #44 of 309 id: reads-148 author: Irum Saba; Rehana Kouser; Imran Sharif Chaudhry title: FinTech and Islamic Finance-Challenges and Opportunities date: 2020-07-26 words: 4492 flesch: 48 summary: Collaborating with FinTech companies is the most commonly used form of alliance among FinTech companies and Financial Services; according to one report, 35% of the FIs are likely to have joint ventures with FinTech companies. partnerships with FinTech companies can improve, rationalize, and streamline IFIs‟ operations with less operational costs. keywords: banking; business; development; economics; finance; fintech; ifis; islamic; review; services; shariah; studies; technology cache: reads-148.pdf plain text: reads-148.txt item: #45 of 309 id: reads-149 author: Muhammad Aleem Arshad; Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh; Muhammad Hanif Akhtar; Muhammad Imran Mushtaq title: Price Levels and Poverty Nexus: A Case Study of Pakistan date: 2020-07-26 words: 7744 flesch: 68 summary: The theory of development economics highlighted the distributional effects of increasing price level in the economy and its potentially disturbing results for the poor. The results reveal that poverty has positive relationship with price level components and the aggregate price levels which increase the incidence and depth of the poverty in Pakistan. keywords: components; hcr; index; inflation; levels; model; pakistan; poverty; price; results; run; study; table;   cache: reads-149.pdf plain text: reads-149.txt item: #46 of 309 id: reads-15 author: Shahina Imran; Rana M. Imran Arshad title: Factors Determining the Effective Role of Microfinance date: 2020-07-25 words: 6376 flesch: 41 summary: • To provide recommendations for effective utilization of microfinance to improve the economic wellbeing and economic empowerment of microfinance borrowers. Six categories have been allotted to the variable ‘diversification of loan’ (i) Buy food for household (ii) Loan the money to spouse (iii) Keep money on hand in case of an emergency (iv) For house/land improvement or purchase (v) To spend on a celebration or death (vi) To repay microfinance loan. keywords: borrowers; empowerment; ewb; factors; household; impact; increase; microfinance; poverty; studies cache: reads-15.pdf plain text: reads-15.txt item: #47 of 309 id: reads-150 author: Sana Affandi; Hina Affandi title: Impact of Crisis Management Practices and Strategic Response on Pricing Strategy: Evidence From Textile Industry in Pakistan date: 2020-07-26 words: 3849 flesch: 39 summary: This study has discovered the impact of crisis management practices and strategic responses on the price strategy in the textile industry of Pakistan. 3. Research model and Hypothesis Figure 1: Research Model Hypothesis 1: Crisis management practices have impact on price strategy. keywords: crisis; crisis management; industry; management; pakistan; practices; price; responses; strategy; studies; textile; vol cache: reads-150.pdf plain text: reads-150.txt item: #48 of 309 id: reads-151 author: Hafiza Nadia Bashir ; Rao Aamir Khan; Muhammad Sajjad title: Regional Wealth Disparity and Its Impact on Urban and Rural Child Schooling in Developing Economies: A Case of Punjab (Pakistan) date: 2020-07-26 words: 3933 flesch: 61 summary: The observations in the relevant models were for 23263 pre-primary urban and 60092 for primary urban children and 45814 for pre-primary rural and 117973 for primary rural children. The mechanism on school enrolment has devoted on the effect of rural urban locality on child schooling (Siddiqui and Uzma 2007; Sawada and Lokshin, 2009; Kruger et. keywords: areas; child; children; disparity; education; no=0; pakistan; punjab; schooling cache: reads-151.pdf plain text: reads-151.txt item: #49 of 309 id: reads-152 author: Umair Asghar; Khalid Pervaiz title: Mediating Impact of Emotional Intelligence Competencies on the Relationship of Conflict Management Styles and Service Quality of Higher Education: A Pakistan Based Study date: 2020-07-26 words: 5506 flesch: 47 summary: The findings proved partial mediation to emotional intelligence competencies between the relationship of conflict management styles and service quality of higher education which indicates higher the emotional intelligence competency the staff has, would have the higher the ability to resolve day to day conflicts. H4: Emotional intelligence competencies mediate between the relationship of conflict management styles and service quality of higher education. keywords: competencies; conflict; conflict management; education; intelligence; management; quality; relationship; service; service quality; styles cache: reads-152.pdf plain text: reads-152.txt item: #50 of 309 id: reads-153 author: Abrar Hussain Qureshi ; Shamim Akhter; Musarat Shaheen title: Core Urdu Vocabulary for Chines Business Community in Pakistan, A Corpus-based Perspective date: 2020-07-26 words: 4347 flesch: 57 summary: Urdu language is said to be one the third biggest language of the world along with Chines and English and its speakers are constantly on the rise. Consequently, a wordlist of Urdu language that is quite frequent, is the need of the hour to help the Chines officials in Pakistan for successful communication. keywords: corpus; language; learners; learning; list; pakistan; urdu; urdu language; vocabulary cache: reads-153.pdf plain text: reads-153.txt item: #51 of 309 id: reads-155 author: Omer Azam; Hafiz Ghufran Ali Khan; Asif Khan; Abdul Zahid Khan title: Impact of Passive Leadership on Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Turnover Intentions; Mediating Effect of Organizational Interpersonal Trust date: 2020-07-26 words: 5076 flesch: 35 summary: Puni, Agyemang, & Asamoah, (2016) concludes that employee or any subordinate under the laissez faire or passive leadership style will have less turnover intentions,hence it has been conceptualized H2; Passive leadership has negative impact on turnover intention. This study investigates the impact of passive leadership on organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intentions with the mediating effect of organizational interpersonal trust. keywords: behavior; citizenship; development; intentions; journal; leadership; management; trust; turnover cache: reads-155.pdf plain text: reads-155.txt item: #52 of 309 id: reads-156 author: Syeda Aysha; Raja Nasim Akhtar title: Discursive Practices and Narrative Building in Post 9/11 Among Young American Adults date: 2020-07-26 words: 4874 flesch: 57 summary: Introduction The present study aims at investigating the utilization of discursive practices by texts to create and legitimize identities. The basic assumption is that by the employment of the discursive practices, texts written for young adults after 9/11 follow the principles of „othering‟ to represent a „self‟ and an „other‟ by establishing positive and negative identity features. keywords: 9/11; american; discourse; identity; muslim; other‟; people; reader; studies; tess; text cache: reads-156.pdf plain text: reads-156.txt item: #53 of 309 id: reads-157 author: Areeba Khan; Sulaman Hafeez Siddiqui; Sohail Saeed; Ali Azam title: Impact of Microfinance on Social Mobility and Women Empowerment: The Case of South Punjab date: 2020-07-26 words: 3637 flesch: 50 summary: This purpose of this study was to examine the impact of microfinance on women empowerment and social mobility of women in the under privileged region of Bahawalpur located in south Punjab. This study aims to examine the efficacy of microfinance as a tool in women empowerment and enhancement of social mobility towards achievement of the goals pertaining to overall well-being and gender equality. keywords: development; empowerment; loan; microfinance; mobility; pakistan; review; studies; women cache: reads-157.pdf plain text: reads-157.txt item: #54 of 309 id: reads-158 author: Zeb-un-Nisa; Ghulam Mustafa; Muhammad Arslan title: Public Policy Formulation in Pakistan during Military Regimes date: 2020-07-26 words: 4515 flesch: 44 summary: The findings specifies that pitiable articulation of policies, feeble establishment, dominating behavior of military executives, poor structure of funds management, varied interests of community and that execution of public policies blemished by exploitation are noteworthy reasons to failure of public policies in the country. The stability and progress of administration of any well managed country is a marvel that is reliant upon public policy. keywords: country; formulation; general; khan; military; musharraf; pakistan; policies; policy; public cache: reads-158.pdf plain text: reads-158.txt item: #55 of 309 id: reads-159 author: Muhammad Nawaz Bhatti; Muhammad Waris; Sher Muhammad title: Indian Policy to Isolate Pakistan at International Forum and the Way Forward date: 2020-07-26 words: 5170 flesch: 49 summary: Events such as the PACES competition being hosted by Pakistan army in Lahore with participation from armies of fourteen countries and Pakistan army winning competition in UK highlight the Indian failure of to that end. The prospective of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) has append a new aspect to Indian foreign policy to isolate Pakistan as Central Asia and the West is not under direct access of India; therefore, India has started a two-dimensional strategy towards Pakistan. keywords: china; countries; development; economics; foreign; india; pakistan; policy; review; security; states; studies; terrorism cache: reads-159.pdf plain text: reads-159.txt item: #56 of 309 id: reads-16 author: Sofia Anwar; Maria Khushbakhet; Aisha Asif; Zahira Batool title: Impact of Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors Affecting Child Health in Selected South Asian Countries date: 2020-07-25 words: 4887 flesch: 69 summary: Multinomial logistic regression results revealed that mother education, mother working status, mother health, availability of safe drinking water, family size and vaccination have significant effect on child health. Vaccination and availability of improved and safe water are positively associated with child health. keywords: category; child; children; gamma; health; mother; pakistan; reference; value cache: reads-16.pdf plain text: reads-16.txt item: #57 of 309 id: reads-160 author: Muhammad Shabbir; Qamar-uz-Zaman; Muhammad Atif title: Effects of Malnutrition on the Academic Performance: A Case Study of Grade 6-8 Learners in Punjab, Pakistan date: 2020-07-26 words: 3378 flesch: 49 summary: The regression coefficient bi=0.306 for the independent variable “crowded demographic conditions” showed that the children who belonged to overcrowded family have poor academic performance. But until now, it could not been clearly described that how nutrition obstructs or enhances academic performance. keywords: children; development; learners; malnutrition; performance; quality; study cache: reads-160.pdf plain text: reads-160.txt item: #58 of 309 id: reads-161 author: Shabana Parveen; Abdul Qayyum Khan; Sohail Farooq title: The Causal Nexus of Urbanization, Industrialization, Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation: Evidence from Pakistan date: 2020-07-26 words: 4744 flesch: 50 summary: Yansui et al. (2016) used data of China for the period of 1997 to 2010, studied the link between CO2 emissions with economic growth as well as urbanization. Jebli et al. (2015) found two- way causal association for economic growth with CO2 emissions for 24 economies in Sub Saharan Africa, in the span of 1980 to 2010. keywords: association; causal; causality; co2; co2 emissions; emissions; energy; growth; industrialization; urbanization cache: reads-161.pdf plain text: reads-161.txt item: #59 of 309 id: reads-162 author: Muhammad Alam; Muhammad Sarwar; Ashfaque Ahmad Shah title: Developing English Speaking Skill Indigenously among the Prospective Teachers date: 2020-07-26 words: 5047 flesch: 45 summary: Modular approach used for the teaching and learning of English Language skills is more fruitful than traditional methods of teaching and learning of English Language skills. The study will provide a model to the teacher education for the development of a module for English speaking skills which will be quite different from other existing modules. keywords: desktop; english; file:///c:/users; language; module; skills; speaking; teachers; whatsapp%20unknown%202020; zubair cache: reads-162.pdf plain text: reads-162.txt item: #60 of 309 id: reads-163 author: Hina; Javed Iqbal; Asia Baig; Muhammad Yusuf Amin title: Is Pakistan Really a Pollution Haven Country? date: 2020-07-26 words: 4906 flesch: 56 summary: We can conclude that PHH does exist for Pakistan and therefore such policies are needed that encourage FDI inflows that do not adversely affect the environment. FDI inflows to Asian region increased to $541 billion in 2016 due to significant growth in the East and South Asian Economies (World Investment Report, 2016). keywords: development; economics; fdi; haven; inflows; investment; journal; pakistan; pollution; review; run; studies; trade cache: reads-163.pdf plain text: reads-163.txt item: #61 of 309 id: reads-164 author: Tahira Batool; Ghazala Noureen; Zobia Ayuob title: Relating Learner Empowerment with Learner Self-Regulation Learning in Higher Education date: 2020-07-26 words: 5483 flesch: 59 summary: Self-regulation empowerment program: A school-based program to enhance self-regulated and self-motivated cycles of student learning. Student empowerment means giving young pupils the chance of energetic participation in school activities and decisions that can shape their lives (Ashcroft, 1987). keywords: class; empowerment; learner; learning; level; regulation; relationship; self; students; study cache: reads-164.pdf plain text: reads-164.txt item: #62 of 309 id: reads-165 author: Irum Khattak; Qadar Bakhsh Baloch; Gohar Zaman title: Determinants of Competitiveness of Business Schools in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Faculty’s Perspective date: 2020-07-26 words: 5766 flesch: 41 summary: The aim of creating competitive national workforce can be achieved only through good quality of higher education. In order to build and identify competitive advantage, it is required to unveil the determinants that can play crucial role in attaining the competitiveness for higher education (Supe, Zeps, Jurgelāne, & Ribickis, 2018). keywords: aspect; bschools; business; competitiveness; determinants; development; economics; education; management; model; quality; review; satisfaction; studies; study cache: reads-165.pdf plain text: reads-165.txt item: #63 of 309 id: reads-166 author: Arooj Fatima ; Mumtaz Muhammad Khan; Sher Muhammad Malik title: Impact of Managerial Self-efficacy, Improvement-oriented Employees' Voice Fearing External Threat on Performance date: 2020-07-26 words: 5238 flesch: 44 summary: Preliminary interviews disclosed that managerial self efficacy has a contributing role in employee performance. Managing to stay in the dark: Managerial self efficacy, ego defensiveness, and the aversion to employee voice. keywords: efficacy; employees; managers; performance; research; review; self; studies; study; voice cache: reads-166.pdf plain text: reads-166.txt item: #64 of 309 id: reads-167 author: Nadeem Iqbal; Amjad Amin title: Some Preliminary Evidence of Price Setting Behaviour from the Industrial Estates of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa date: 2020-07-26 words: 4075 flesch: 62 summary: Table 3 shows the number of time firm change price varies from 0 to 6 in one year. These factors are price elasticity of demand, price contracts, market structure, price rigidity after calculation, inventories, output and input price contract. keywords: contract; count; firms; market; price; rigidity cache: reads-167.pdf plain text: reads-167.txt item: #65 of 309 id: reads-168 author: Fazal Hadi; Zahoor ul haq; Javid Iqbal; Sher Ali title: An Analysis of the Tariff and Non-Tariff Barrier on Global Cottonseed Oil Trade date: 2020-07-26 words: 5333 flesch: 57 summary: Trade effects and compliance costs of food safety regulations: the case of China. Finally, the effect of tariffs on cottonseed refined oil trade was found insignificant. keywords: cottonseed; countries; crude; economics; effect; mrls; oil; ols; poisson; standards; tariff; trade cache: reads-168.pdf plain text: reads-168.txt item: #66 of 309 id: reads-169 author: Tariq Khan; Itbar Khan; Aziz Ahmad title: A Proposed Language Policy for Education in Pakistan date: 2020-07-26 words: 3717 flesch: 56 summary: The authors, under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 Keywords Bilingualism, Education System, English Language Teaching, Futuristic-Integrative-Holism, Multilingualism. The consensus even at the highest level of the UNESCO is that Creativity and Education as essentially integral to each other as one‘s critical life support system, and are the best in one‘s own language, especially basic or foundational, formative education. keywords: azam; education; english; islamabad; language; london; pakistan; studies cache: reads-169.pdf plain text: reads-169.txt item: #67 of 309 id: reads-17 author: Anum Imran; Fatima Farooq; Imran Sharif Chaudhry title: The Determinants of Female Child Labour in Pakistan: The Case of Multan City date: 2020-07-25 words: 4956 flesch: 59 summary: According to the table SCH has negative impact on female child labour which means that 1 unit increase in number of schools lead to 0.14 unit decrease in child labour. On the basis of the econometric analysis, we may suggest that government officers, media experts, members of non-government organizations and educationists should make serious and sincere efforts to achieve the objective of decreasing the incidence of female child labour and develop their living situations. keywords: child; child labour; children; female; impact; incidence; income; labour; study cache: reads-17.pdf plain text: reads-17.txt item: #68 of 309 id: reads-170 author: Hakim Ali; Anam Zahra; Uzma Shahzadi; Muhammad Dilshad title: Utility of Computer Labs in Secondary Schools as Perceived by Students with Diverse Demographics date: 2020-07-26 words: 5248 flesch: 50 summary: In this context, this article mainly focused on examining the usefulness of computer labs for enhancement of secondary school students learning experiences. The results revealed that secondary school students believe, with a higher level of consensus, that computer labs are useful for enhancement of their learning. keywords: computer; computer labs; gender; labs; learning; school; students; technology; use; utility cache: reads-170.pdf plain text: reads-170.txt item: #69 of 309 id: reads-171 author: Hamid Ullah; Fazal e Wahid; Muhammad Irshad Khan Mohmand; Abid Ali title: Foreign Portfolio Investments and Economic Freedom: Empirical investigation of the World Countries grouping based on the Level of Income date: 2020-07-26 words: 7856 flesch: 56 summary: However, the current trends in the international markets show a gradual decline in the medium and long-term bank loans and increasing http://www.publishing.globalcsrc.org/reads mailto:hamidullah@icp.edu.pk mailto:Eco_wahid@yahoo.com mailto:irshadmohmand@gmail.com mailto:abidali@icp.edu.pk mailto:hamidullah@icp.edu.pk Review of Economics and Development Studies Vol. 5, No 4, 2019 828 trends in foreign direct investments and foreign portfolio investment inflows 1 (Agarwal, 1997). During the last two decades, almost all economies have initiated reforms with the aim to bring strategic competitiveness in the business environment in order to attract foreign capital investments to achieve their targeted goals of economic development. keywords: capital; countries; development; economic; effect; equity; freedom; income; income countries; inflows; investment; portfolio; rate; results cache: reads-171.pdf plain text: reads-171.txt item: #70 of 309 id: reads-172 author: Muhammad Shafique; Muhammad Yasir Ali; Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich title: Beyond Utilitarianism: Nineteenth Century South Asian Economic Crises and Sleeman’s (1788-1856) Necessitarianism date: 2020-07-26 words: 3589 flesch: 43 summary: As government policies bear a necessary relations with the conditions of the people and the deteriorated state of India economy was the result of political policies bearing impact on economy, therefore, Sleeman advised the British East Indi Company government not to look into economic utility of the political policies only for the British profits and gains rather assess the necessities of the indigenous people and culture. The Yellow Scarf: The story of the Life of Thuggee Sleeman or Major General Sir William Henry Sleeman, K. C. B. 1788-1856, London: J. M. Dent & Sons Review of Economics and Development Studies Vol. 5, No 4, 2019 852 keywords: british; development; economy; ibid; india; sleeman; society; studies cache: reads-172.pdf plain text: reads-172.txt item: #71 of 309 id: reads-173 author: Iqbal Amin Khan; Alam Zeb; Shabir Ahmad; Rizwan Ullah title: Relationship Between University Students Time Management Skills and Their Academic Performance date: 2020-07-26 words: 3437 flesch: 54 summary: The mean score of time management behaviour was found higher than the cutoff point 3.0, which shows that undergraduate students time management level are high. Therefore, to fill this gap the current study aimed to find out the relationship between university students time management behaviour and their academic achievement should be investigated to reach concrete results in the field of education. keywords: behaviour; management; relationship; students; time; time management; undergraduate; university cache: reads-173.pdf plain text: reads-173.txt item: #72 of 309 id: reads-174 author: Muhammad Waseem; Abdul Majid; Hazrat Bilal; Naveed Farooq title: Interconnection of Strategic Integration, Hrm Effectiveness and Market Performance: Evidence From Banking Sector of Pakistan date: 2020-07-26 words: 4806 flesch: 48 summary: Strategic management journal, 22(9), 899-906. Huselid, M., Jackson, S. and Schuler, R. (1997), “Technical and strategic human resource management effectiveness as determinants of HRM performance”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 40 No. 1, pp. 2.8 Mediating role of HRM Effectiveness As noted in previous section, many researchers found a positive association among SHRM practices and OP; however, there are some researchers who believed that the immediate effect of strategic management practices is on HRM outcomes (e.g. Dyer & Reeves, 1995; Colakoglu, Lepak & Hong 2006 etc.). keywords: hrm; hrme; integration; management; market; orientation; performance; strategic cache: reads-174.pdf plain text: reads-174.txt item: #73 of 309 id: reads-175 author: Muhammad Faheem; Azali Mohamed; Fatima Farooq; Sajid Ali title: Do Migrant Remittances Spur Financial Development in Pakistan? Evidence From Linear and Nonlinear ARDL Approach date: 2020-07-26 words: 4908 flesch: 54 summary: Remittances and financial development: empirical evidence from heterogeneous panel of countries. Remittances flow and financial development in Bangladesh. keywords: ardl; development; economics; migrant; remittances; review; studies cache: reads-175.pdf plain text: reads-175.txt item: #74 of 309 id: reads-176 author: Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi; Tehmina Fiaz Qazi; Abdul Basit title: What Hinders to Promote Tourism in Pakistan? Using Binary Matrices for Structuring the Issue date: 2020-07-26 words: 5035 flesch: 46 summary: Regional integration of Pakistan tourism: Exploring prospects. United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) offers technical assistance and provides the platform to its affiliate members for dialogue, collaboration, information sharing and generating market knowledge & tourism development (Perdomo, 2016). keywords: barriers; development; et al; factors; model; pakistan; research; studies; study; tourism cache: reads-176.pdf plain text: reads-176.txt item: #75 of 309 id: reads-177 author: Rana Shahid Imdad Akash; Iqbal Mahmood; Kashif Hamid title: The Impact of Financial Signaling and Information Asymmetries of Macroeconomic Covariates and Debt vs. Equity date: 2020-07-26 words: 5769 flesch: 50 summary: The benefit and cost associated with the selection of debt choices debt equity. Introduction The major concern of the financial managers of companies is to take capital structure decision to minimize the cost of capital. keywords: capital; cost; debt; equity; fragile; interest; macroeconomic; market; rate; structure; variables cache: reads-177.pdf plain text: reads-177.txt item: #76 of 309 id: reads-179 author: Chaudhry, Imran Sharif ; Azali, Mohamed ; Faheem, Muhammad ; Ali, Sajid title: Asymmetric Dynamics of Oil Price and Environmental Degradation: Evidence from Pakistan date: 2020-09-30 words: 5812 flesch: 57 summary: The formulation of asymmetric behaviour of oil price in agreement with the nonlinear ARDL model where oil price decomposes into positive and negative parts is: (5) Based on the nonlinear model (Equation (5)), β2+ shows oil price increase effect on carbon dioxide emission in long-run in the equation (6), which is expected to be negative. The study employs the nonlinear autoregressive distributive lag (NARDL) method to check the asymmetric connection of oil price with carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions which represents environmental degradation along with gross capital formation, energy consumption, foreign direct investment and population. keywords: co2; consumption; degradation; development; economics; emissions; energy; fdi; oil; oil price; pakistan; price cache: reads-179.pdf plain text: reads-179.txt item: #77 of 309 id: reads-18 author: Ishtiaq Ahmad; Muhammad Bashir Khan; Fatima Farooq title: Infrastructure and Households’ Incomes in Pakistan: A Cross Province Comparative Analysis of Rural Areas date: 2020-07-25 words: 7494 flesch: 51 summary: Hence, this study attempts to summarize status of rural infrastructural development along with exploring its role for enhancement of rural household's income in Pakistan. and 𝑌𝑛𝑓 represents rural households income from farm and non-farm sectors. keywords: analysis; development; economics; household; income; infrastructure; level; pakistan; relationship; road; sector; studies; variable cache: reads-18.pdf plain text: reads-18.txt item: #78 of 309 id: reads-180 author: Manzoor, Samia ; Safdar, Aasima ; Shareef, Sobia title: Impact of Economic Status on the Consumption Pattern of TV by School Children of District Vehari date: 2020-09-30 words: 5277 flesch: 60 summary: Keeping in mind the basics of Uses & Gratification approach, some questions were developed by the researchers which are answered as following: A finding regarding the type of gratification TV provides to children in this study is evident from respondents’ answers that for both age groups 4-8 and 9-12 entertainment was the maximum gratification while for the age group 13-17 watched TV to get information. Findings of the study revealed that the reason to spend this much time on TV viewing is the economic condition of families. keywords: age; children; gratification; parents; relationship; school; viewing; weekends cache: reads-180.pdf plain text: reads-180.txt item: #79 of 309 id: reads-181 author: Ashraf, Muhammad Tasleem ; Khan, Abdul Basit ; Shah, Ali Shan title: South Asian University and Educational Integration: Potentials and Outcomes for Peace Promotion between Pakistan and India date: 2020-09-30 words: 5174 flesch: 50 summary: Review of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 6 (1) 2020, 23-31 23 South Asian University and Educational Integration: Potentials and Outcomes for Peace Promotion between Pakistan and India a Muhammad Tasleem Ashraf, b Abdul Basit Khan, c Ali Shan Shah a Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Political Science & IR Government College University Faisalabad Email: ranatasleemashraf@gmail.com b Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & IR Government College University Faisalabad Email: basitniazi@yahoo.com c Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science & IR Government College University Faisalabad Email: alishanshah@gucf.edu.pk ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT History: Accepted 10 March 2020 Available Online 31 March 2020 Through education conflicts, poverty, socio-economic injustice, distrust and constant threats to peace can be eradicated. Objectives of establishing South Asian University for closer integration of SAARC countries is still a big challenge for the member nations as it can be used for the peace promotion and people to people connection. keywords: asian; countries; education; india; integration; pakistan; peace; regional; saarc; south; students; university cache: reads-181.pdf plain text: reads-181.txt item: #80 of 309 id: reads-182 author: Haroon, Bibi ; Jumani, N. B. ; Arouj, Kehkashan title: Learning to Teach in Higher Education for Sustainable Professional Development date: 2020-09-30 words: 3969 flesch: 47 summary: Teacher professional development is necessary for transforming teaching and learning. Aktion und Reflexion – Lehrerfortbildung aus international vergleichender Perspektive [Action and reflection – teacher education from an international comparative perspective]. keywords: development; education; effect; learning; participation; professional; respondents; teachers; teaching cache: reads-182.pdf plain text: reads-182.txt item: #81 of 309 id: reads-183 author: Hussain, Altaf ; Khan, Muhammad Asad; Khan, Mohammad Hanif title: The Influence of Training and Development on Organizational Commitment of Academicians in Pakistan date: 2020-09-30 words: 5786 flesch: 31 summary: The effects of organizational training on organizational commitment. The role of organizational training on organizational commitment. keywords: association; commitment; development; employees; staff; studies; study; training; universities cache: reads-183.pdf plain text: reads-183.txt item: #82 of 309 id: reads-184 author: Ali, Ghulam ; Musarrat, Razia title: Challenges for Federalism in Pakistan, Post Musharraf Era date: 2020-09-30 words: 5235 flesch: 56 summary: i -Azam & Freedom Movement,National inistute on Pakistan Studies. The early years of Pakistan are marked with the Punjabi; Mohajir domination in bureaucrats and after the dismemberment of federalism in 1971, in Pakistan Punjabis emerged as the dominant ethnic group with their dominance in bureaucracy. keywords: bureaucracy; development; federalism; federation; kpk; pakistan; provinces; punjab; representation; sindh; state; water cache: reads-184.pdf plain text: reads-184.txt item: #83 of 309 id: reads-185 author: Shahid, Muhammad Naeem ; Latif, Khalid ; Chaudhary, Ghulam Mujtaba ; Adil, Shahid title: Financial Crises and Adaptive Market Hypothesis: An Evidence from International Commodities traded at New York Stock Exchange date: 2020-09-30 words: 8448 flesch: 53 summary: Therefore, commodities markets are adaptive markets. The empirical results of runs model show that Gold index has gone via episodes of predictability (dependency) and episodes of no predictability (independency) over time, thus AMH provides better description of returns in commodities markets. keywords: amh; asian; behavior; commodities; crisis; efficiency; hypothesis; linear; market; predictability; returns; test; time cache: reads-185.pdf plain text: reads-185.txt item: #84 of 309 id: reads-186 author: Gill, Fouzia Latif ; Gill, Abid Rashid; Viswanathan, K. Kuperan ; Karim, Mohd Zaini B Abid title: Analysis of pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) and environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in selected Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries date: 2020-09-30 words: 6581 flesch: 55 summary: In developed countries downward bend of the EKC and the upward steeper EKC in developing countries may reflect the relocation of the polluting industries (Cole, 2004; Nahman and Antrobus, 2005; Stern, 2004). The geography of US pollution intensive trade: evidence from 1958 to 1994. keywords: asean; countries; development; economics; ekc; environmental; income; panel; phh; pollution; statistic; studies; trade cache: reads-186.pdf plain text: reads-186.txt item: #85 of 309 id: reads-187 author: Maqbool, Muhammad Shahid ; Mahmood, Tahir ; Hussain, Saddam ; Ashraf, Muhammad title: Analysis of Trade Competitiveness of Pakistan Cereal Products in Global Perspective date: 2020-09-30 words: 5168 flesch: 55 summary: The growth of cereal export, in 2008, increased by 101.58 % due to the increase in the production of rice, while in the same year the wheat import witnessed a massive increase from Argentina. 3. Methods and Material The study collected the data from the International Trade Center UN-COMTRADE Statistics for cereal exports of Pakistan from 2003-18. keywords: advantage; cereal; competitiveness; export; index; pakistan; rca; sector; trade; world cache: reads-187.pdf plain text: reads-187.txt item: #86 of 309 id: reads-188 author: Rahman, Misbah ; Rahpoto, Muhammad Saleem ; Mangnejo, Ghulam Muhammad title: Women Empowerment and Micro Finance Programs: A Case Study of District Khairpur date: 2020-09-30 words: 4865 flesch: 51 summary: Then again, women work in a constrained domain and their investment in pay creating exercises expand their outstanding task and duties Sulaamman D. Mohammad, Gaza Shahib, Cedd Iqbal Hussain Naqi and Saba Zehra (2012) featured the viability of micro financing in enabling women. Introduction Microfinance has been unequivocally underlined lately for women, as they are the dynamic piece of our general workforce. keywords: business; credit; development; economics; microfinance; pakistan; pay; strengthening; table; total; women cache: reads-188.pdf plain text: reads-188.txt item: #87 of 309 id: reads-189 author: Hassan, Saadat ; Bukhari, Shahid Hussain title: Pakistan-United States Relations in Trump Era and FATF date: 2020-09-30 words: 5028 flesch: 55 summary: The issue of terror financing, ranging from Afghan Taliban, their other proxies, the Haqqani Network and Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), has been one of the key factors which put the region in trouble since the Soviet Union's invasion in Afghanistan's affairs four decades ago. However, if Pakistan failed in persuading Afghan Taliban to find end solution of Afghan conflict then such situation would have negative implication for Pakistan security. keywords: afghanistan; fatf; islamabad; pakistan; peace; relations; strategic; taliban; trump; u.s; washington cache: reads-189.pdf plain text: reads-189.txt item: #88 of 309 id: reads-19 author: Macleans Mzumara title: Measuring Inter-Industry Competitive Advantage and Performance of Lesotho’s Export Sector date: 2020-07-25 words: 8132 flesch: 51 summary: Measures of Comparative Advantage Or Competitive Advantage One such measure that can be used to measure comparative advantage or competitive advantage is the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA). Introduction Most of the studies which cover the export sector of a country have focused on competitive advantage or comparative advantage in products. keywords: advantage; advantage industry; cotton; development; girls; industry; knit; lesotho; product; product lines; rca; rca index; sector; studies cache: reads-19.pdf plain text: reads-19.txt item: #89 of 309 id: reads-190 author: Sajid, Muhammad Akbar ; Waqar, Sajid ; Mohsin, Rabia ; Jamil, Muhammad Javaid title: Post 9/11 American Footprints in Pakistani Media: A Critique of Semiotic Discourses of Pakistani Newspapers date: 2020-09-30 words: 4838 flesch: 57 summary: In order to make semiotic analysis more valid, the researchers have also conducted Focus Group discussions on the selected images, concerning post 9/11 American foot print in Pakistani print media semiotic discourses. The findings reveal that print media semiotic discourses provide an appropriate use of language in graphic form. keywords: america; analysis; discourses; group; ideology; linguistic; media; print; semiotic cache: reads-190.pdf plain text: reads-190.txt item: #90 of 309 id: reads-191 author: Soharwardi, Mariam Abbas ; Ahmad, Tusawar Iftikhar title: Dynamic Role of Mother Empowerment in reducing malnutrition among children: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa date: 2020-09-30 words: 6058 flesch: 58 summary: Given this background, women empowerment plays a very crucial role in determining the nutrition status of children under-five years (Bose, 2011). To highlight the status of women empowerment across the countries in Sub-Sahara Africa. keywords: age; children; countries; development; empowerment; health; household; journal; malnutrition; mother; status; study; women; women empowerment cache: reads-191.pdf plain text: reads-191.txt item: #91 of 309 id: reads-192 author: Farukh, Ammara; Sibtain, Masroor ; Qasim, Hafiz Muhammad ; Shahzad, Asma Kashif title: Involvement of Social and Cognitive Factors in Reading Skills of Boys and Girls: A Comparative Study date: 2020-09-30 words: 3175 flesch: 58 summary: Gender differences in early literacy: Analysis of kindergarten through fifth-grade dynamic indicators of basic early literacy skills probes. Rethinking gender differences in literacy. keywords: boys; differences; girls; literacy; reading; skills; study; urdu; words cache: reads-192.pdf plain text: reads-192.txt item: #92 of 309 id: reads-193 author: Hamid, Kashif; Hussain, Zahid ; Ghafoor, Muhammad Mudasar title: Abnormal Returns, Corporate Financial Policies and the Dynamics of Leverage: Empirical Evidence from Non-Financial Sector of Pakistan date: 2020-09-30 words: 7896 flesch: 57 summary: Abnormal return has been taken as dependent variable and Change in cash to lagged market values, Change in EBIT to lagged market values, Change in dividend to lagged market value, Net Financing to lagged market value, Lagged cash values to lagged market values, Lagged cash values to lagged market values crossed by change in cash to lagged market value, Change in total assets net of cash to lagged market values, Change in interest to lagged market values, Operating leverage, Financial leverage, Total leverage, Leverage ratio, Leverage ratio to change in cash crossed by lagged market values and WACC are taken as explanatory variables. Abnormal Return = f (Change in cash to lagged market values, Change in EBIT to lagged market values, Change in dividend to lagged market value, Net Financing to lagged market value, Lagged cash values to lagged market values, Lagged cash values to lagged market values crossed by change in cash to lagged market value, change in total assets net of cash to lagged market values, Change in interest to lagged market values, Operating leverage, Financial leverage, Total leverage, Leverage ratio, Leverage ratio to change in cash crossed by lagged market values and WACC) Regression Equation for Effect of Leverage Dynamics and Corporate Financial Policies on Abnormal Return: keywords: cash; cash values; change; effect; fertilizer; financial; firm; impact; leverage; market values; relationship; return; sector cache: reads-193.pdf plain text: reads-193.txt item: #93 of 309 id: reads-194 author: Batool, Tahira title: Feedback Impact in High, Average and Low Achievers’ Mathematics Engagement in High Schools’ Classrooms date: 2020-09-30 words: 6563 flesch: 49 summary: Maximizing student engagement in the classroom. The impact of student engagement on learning. keywords: achievers; control group; engagement; experiment group; feedback; gain; mean; students cache: reads-194.pdf plain text: reads-194.txt item: #94 of 309 id: reads-195 author: Ain, Noor ul ; Sabir, Samina ; Asghar, Nabila title: Financial Inclusion and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Selected Developing Economies date: 2020-09-30 words: 10525 flesch: 49 summary: Review of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 6 (1) 2020, 179-203 179 Financial Inclusion and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Selected Developing Economies a Noor ul Ain, b Samina Sabir, c Nabila Asghar a Kashmir institute of Economics, the University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan b Assistant Professor, Kashmir institute of Economics, the University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan c Assistant Professor, Department of Economics and Business Administration, Division of Social Sciences, University of Education Lahore, Pakistan ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT History: Accepted 22 March 2020 Available Online 31 March 2020 Financial inclusion is a tool used to enhance economic growth, alleviate poverty, create employment and reduce income inequality in developing countries through providing affordable financial goods and services to low income group through financial institutions. The variables of financial inclusion, entrepreneurship and institutions are incorporated in Solow growth model through total factor productivity. keywords: adults; capital; countries; data; development; economics; entrepreneurship; growth; inclusion; income; institutions; relationship; services; studies; study; trade; variables cache: reads-195.pdf plain text: reads-195.txt item: #95 of 309 id: reads-196 author: Khan, Areeba ; Siddiqui, Sulaman Hafeez ; Saeed, Sohail ; Habib, Asmara title: Individually Perceived Stress as a Mediator Between High Accomplishment Work Practices and Firm Performance date: 2020-09-30 words: 5585 flesch: 43 summary: As these practices stimulate employees individual performance to impact on overall performce of firm. Practices behave different in different work environments; firms apply these practices according to their perception and consideration of work performance while keeping in view behavior of firm's own work environment (Bromiley & Ravi, 2016). keywords: employees; firm; hpwps; journal; level; management; performance; performance work; practices; relationship; research; stress; studies; work cache: reads-196.pdf plain text: reads-196.txt item: #96 of 309 id: reads-198 author: Manzoor, Samia ; Safdar, Aasima title: Cultivation of Fear Through Media: Analysis to Reveal Relationship between Perception about COVID 19 and Socio-economic Background of Media Consumers date: 2020-09-30 words: 6577 flesch: 63 summary: Llewellyn (2020) said that it is extremely important for people to understand the psychology of social media information only then we can avoid disinformation especially in crisis situations like the one the world is facing presently in the form of COVID-19. So much so that governments are using channels of social media and television to provide awareness to the public about COVID-19 (Ait Addi, Benksim, Amine, & Cherkaoui, 2020). keywords: class; corona; covid-19; fear; informants; media; middle; people; research; socio; virus cache: reads-198.pdf plain text: reads-198.txt item: #97 of 309 id: reads-199 author: Khan, Muhammad Asif ; Chaudhary, Ghulam Mujtaba ; Latif, Khalid ; Ahmed, Naveed title: Long-Run Relationship Between Economic Development and International Tourism in Pakistan date: 2020-09-30 words: 5708 flesch: 50 summary: Economic expansion is essential for tourism development in Pakistan and tourism and drives economic growth in the short term (Khalil, Kakar, & Malik, 2007). Effective governance in tourism development – An analysis of local perception in the Huangshan mountain area. keywords: development; economics; growth; pakistan; relationship; review; run; studies; study; term; test; tourism; value cache: reads-199.pdf plain text: reads-199.txt item: #98 of 309 id: reads-20 author: Sofia Anwar; Aisha Asif title: Socioeconomic and Demographic Factors Affecting Individual’s date: 2020-07-25 words: 5721 flesch: 54 summary: Thus the main b of the objective study will be to explore the association among income, family composition, health, and religion over life satisfaction. The multinomial logistic regression was employed to examine the effects of various socioeconomic and demographic factors on life satisfaction. keywords: economics; happiness; income; india; life; life satisfaction; pakistan; satisfaction; studies cache: reads-20.pdf plain text: reads-20.txt item: #99 of 309 id: reads-200 author: Baig, Imran Ali ; Salam, Md. Abdus ; Shah Mohd Khan title: Agriculture, Manufacturing and Economic Growth in India: A Co-integration Analysis date: 2020-09-30 words: 4459 flesch: 44 summary: This indicates the uni-direction causality is running from manufacturing and economic growth to agriculture growth. Thus, comparatively agriculture growth is highly affected to economic growth in the short run (Table 3). keywords: agriculture; causality; development; economic; growth; manufacturing; relationship; sector; variables cache: reads-200.pdf plain text: reads-200.txt item: #100 of 309 id: reads-201 author: Wahid, Fazal e ; Jaffri, Mehnaz; Ullah, Hamid ; Mohmand, Muhammad Irshad Khan title: Economic Empowerment of Women in Socio-Cultural Perspectives in Federally Administrative Tribal Area (Pakistan): A Case Study of Kurram Agency date: 2020-09-30 words: 3651 flesch: 51 summary: Poverty has negative effect on women economic empowerment and its coefficient showed that 1 unit increase in P has reduced economic empowerment of women by 0.73 which is according to economic theory but insignificant because poor families have financial limitations which results in reduction of female’s education, other basic requirements. The basic feature of women progress is women economic empowerment which can lead female to several economic resources and springs mental relaxation from being poor women. keywords: decision; development; economics; education; empowerment; females; increase; vol; women cache: reads-201.pdf plain text: reads-201.txt item: #101 of 309 id: reads-204 author: Parveen, Shabana ; Ali, Hazrat ; Sahibzada, Habib Elahi ; Farooq, Sohail title: A Causal Nexus of Energy Consumption, Private Investment, Economic Growth and Environmental Degradation: Evidence from Pakistan date: 2020-09-30 words: 4141 flesch: 56 summary: To analyze the causal link among environmental degradation, private investment, energy consumption and economic growth, Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model is used. No doubt, private investment is must for economic growth, but these (private investment and economic growth) are also important factors behind environmental degradation as increases in the production increases level of energy consumption and pollution. keywords: causality; co2; consumption; economic; emissions; energy; energy consumption; gdp; growth; investment cache: reads-204.pdf plain text: reads-204.txt item: #102 of 309 id: reads-205 author: Jabeen, Riffut ; Rahim, Nazahah title: Mediating Role of Perception of Job Insecurity on the Relationship between Despotic Leadership and Work Engagement: Pakistani Perspective date: 2020-09-30 words: 6300 flesch: 40 summary: Drawing on conservation of resource theory (COR), this paper proposes a conceptual framework to find out the impact of despotic leadership behavior on work engagement of employees with a mediating mechanism of employee’s perception of job insecurity. Cultures with characteristics of high uncertainty avoidance, high power distance and collectivism like Pakistan (Naseer et al., 2016, OECD, 2013) have higher probability of the arise of despotic leadership behaviors (Naseer et al., 2016). keywords: behaviors; employee; engagement; insecurity; job; leadership; perception; performance; study; work; work engagement cache: reads-205.pdf plain text: reads-205.txt item: #103 of 309 id: reads-207 author: Khan, Mehwish Aziz ; Ahmad, Eatzaz title: Measurement of Stock Market Crisis & its Dimensions: Evidence from Pakistan date: 2020-09-30 words: 5494 flesch: 57 summary: This study explores the history of stock market crisis in the emerging market of Pakistan from different perspectives over the period July-1997 to December-2016. This may paralyze the whole economy in the form of massive losses and stock market crisis may occur. keywords: cmax; crash; crisis; days; index; market; maximum; pakistan; price; stock; study; value cache: reads-207.pdf plain text: reads-207.txt item: #104 of 309 id: reads-208 author: Ahmad, Nisar ; Rehman, Sumaira ; Dost, M Khyzer Bin title: Determinants Affecting Governance in Response to Economic Development in the Developing Countries: Evidence from Pakistan date: 2020-09-30 words: 5447 flesch: 57 summary: Another definition of governance is “Governance consists of the traditions and institutions by which authority in a country is exercised, this includes the process by which governments are selected, monitored and replaced; the capacity of the government to effectively formulate and implement sound policies; and the respect of citizens and the state for the institutions that govern economic and social interactions among them” (World Bank Group, 2018). Underpinning Theories of Governance There are two theories which provide theoretical base for finding the determinants of governance in Pakistan. keywords: country; determinants; development; economic; governance; impact; pakistan; system cache: reads-208.pdf plain text: reads-208.txt item: #105 of 309 id: reads-209 author: Niaz, Uzma ; Malik, Nazia ; Mahmood, Sadaf ; Batool, Zahira title: Nexuses between Malnutrition, Social Exclusion of Children and Human Capital: A Qualitative Study date: 2020-09-30 words: 4044 flesch: 49 summary: Child malnutrition is a pathological condition caused by insufficient nutrition; malnutrition contains three broad concepts which can be described as under-nutrition, over-nutrition, and micronutrient deficiency. The nature of child malnutrition and its long-term implications. keywords: capital; children; development; education; health; human; malnutrition; pakistan; school cache: reads-209.pdf plain text: reads-209.txt item: #106 of 309 id: reads-21 author: Sumaira Batool; Imran Abbas; Ishtiaq Ahmad title: Comparative Efficiency Analysis of Public and Private Colleges of Multan District: Data Envelope Approach Analysis date: 2020-07-25 words: 4359 flesch: 55 summary: The results of the data demonstrate that private colleges lag behind public colleges in terms of CRS and VRS technical efficiency scores and scale efficiency scores. ©2016 Center for Sustainability Research and Consultancy Pakistan under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-share Alike 4.0 Keywords DEA, Efficiency, technical efficiency, scale efficiency, public colleges, private colleges JEL Classification A23, A20, D60, D61 Corresponding author’s email address: sumairaimran@hotmail.com keywords: boys; colleges; data; economics; efficiency; public; results; scale; schools; technical cache: reads-21.pdf plain text: reads-21.txt item: #107 of 309 id: reads-210 author: Shakeel , Muhammad ; Hayat, Azmat title: Impact of Economic Reforms on Social Sector of Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis date: 2020-09-30 words: 5653 flesch: 58 summary: Globalisation, inequality and poverty relationships: a cross country evidence. This study evaluates the impact of economic reforms on the social sector of Pakistan by constructing the index of economic reforms of the key sectors of the economy for the period 1971 to 2015 using ARDL. keywords: development; economic; growth; impact; income; inequality; pakistan; poverty; reforms; results; review; run; sector; test cache: reads-210.pdf plain text: reads-210.txt item: #108 of 309 id: reads-212 author: karim, Yasir ; Rana Ejaz Ali Khan title: Political Economy of Fiscal Decentralization and Poverty Mitigation in Pakistan date: 2020-09-30 words: 5514 flesch: 45 summary: The tiers of fiscal decentralization also varied during this time period along with strength of political decentralization. The current study examines the impact of fiscal decentralization on poverty in Pakistan. keywords: decentralization; development; economics; economy; expenditures; government; impact; pakistan; poverty; results; revenue; studies cache: reads-212.pdf plain text: reads-212.txt item: #109 of 309 id: reads-213 author: Khan, Areeba ; Siddiqui, Sulaman Hafeez ; Bukhari, Shahid Hussain ; Iqbal, Syed Muhammad Hashim title: Human Development, Political Stability and Economic Growth: The way forward date: 2020-09-30 words: 3710 flesch: 52 summary: Human development is the primary and perhaps terminal objective of economic growth but can it trigger growth in return must also be explored (Alkire, 2010). 17.16 0.00 0.08 0.23 46.16 0.19 OLS regression (table 2) was run on the data with Economic growth as dependent variable and Human development, Income redistribution, Happiness index and health as predictors. keywords: development; growth; happiness; health; human; income; pak; pakistan; stability; vol cache: reads-213.pdf plain text: reads-213.txt item: #110 of 309 id: reads-214 author: Arshed, Noman; Rehman, Hafeez ur ; Gulzar, Amna title: Development Expenditure Allocation and District Wise Social Development: A Case Study of Punjab Pakistan date: 2023-06-30 words: 7747 flesch: 51 summary: This quadratic model helps to estimate district-wise effects of government development intervention on social development and its components via which resource mobilization optimization can be done. Similarly, it can be said that social development means investing in people which implies the elimination of obstacles and the creation of capabilities. keywords: development; development studies; districts; economic; expenditures; government; index; indicators; pakistan; punjab; rate; review; social; studies; study; vol cache: reads-214.pdf plain text: reads-214.txt item: #111 of 309 id: reads-215 author: Akter, Mohima ; Sadekin, Md Nazmus ; Patwary, Ataul Karim title: An Empirical Study on Students’ Satisfaction from Mawlana Bhashani Science & Technology University, Bangladesh date: 2020-09-30 words: 5057 flesch: 50 summary: Assessing different perceptions of food attributes the study reveals that among five dimensions of canteen food services four dimensions such as food quality, food variety, ambience, and staff have a significant positive impact on student food satisfaction. Investigation of customer satisfaction in student food service: An example of student cafeteria in NHH. keywords: development; economics; food; journal; price; quality; research; satisfaction; service; students; studies; university; value; vol cache: reads-215.pdf plain text: reads-215.txt item: #112 of 309 id: reads-216 author: Abbas, Quratulain ; Alqama, Khawaja title: Energy Security: A National Security Paradigm Shift for US in Post 9/11 Epoch date: 2020-09-30 words: 5042 flesch: 56 summary: China's quest for oil security: oil (wars) in the pipeline?. Likewise, oil trade with the pro authoritarian unfriendly regimes shall also place the national security of state at stake. keywords: dollar; economics; economy; energy; global; market; national; oil; order; security; states; trade cache: reads-216.pdf plain text: reads-216.txt item: #113 of 309 id: reads-217 author: Shabbir, Muhammad ; Masood, Sajid ; Siddiqui, Ghazal Khalid title: Role of Transformative Learning Interventions in Developing Conducive Environment for Female Adult Learners in Higher Education date: 2020-09-30 words: 5233 flesch: 44 summary: The adult learners to be known with a various range of titles including non-traditional student, adult student, returning adult, adult returner, mature learner and various other are used for adult learner and they also have a broader range of cultural and educational backgrounds, abilities, responsibilities and experiences. They divided the period of adult learning into four main groups; initial adulthood ranging from 20 to39; middle adulthood ranging from 40 to 64; older adulthood ranging from 65 to 74; and the late adulthood from75 as above. keywords: adult; education; interventions; learners; learning; research; students; study; transformative; university cache: reads-217.pdf plain text: reads-217.txt item: #114 of 309 id: reads-218 author: Hussain, Altaf ; Khan, Muhammad Asad ; Hussain, Jawad title: Interplay of Organizational Commitment and Turnover Intention in Academic Sector date: 2020-09-30 words: 4126 flesch: 46 summary: Organizational commitment is considered as an important variable in the reduction of turnover of employees. This study is aimed to examine the relationship of organizational commitment with turnover intention of academic staff as it has been less focused in academic sector of Pakistan. keywords: commitment; intention; journal; management; organization; relationship; review; staff; studies; study; turnover cache: reads-218.pdf plain text: reads-218.txt item: #115 of 309 id: reads-219 author: Saddiqa, Maria ; Parveen, Shabana ; Ali, Sher ; Ahmed, Waqas title: Determinants of Terrorism and Its Impact on Economic Growth: A Panel Study of South Asian Region date: 2020-09-30 words: 5221 flesch: 53 summary: If there is 1 unit change in per capita GDP it will bring 0.06 unit decline in terrorism incidence which is not significant because increase in GDP per capita will increase the share of investment, trade openness, government spending and decreases the inflation, unemployment, inequality, and poverty thus less the people use wrong ways for earnings and low incidence of terrorism. Literacy rate is positively and significantly related to terrorism incidence that 1 unit change in literacy rate will bring 4.45 units increase in terrorism incidence.it is because that literate people are better in handling the targets of a terrorist organization and helpful in making their plans. keywords: countries; data; development; effect; growth; model; rate; south; terrorism; unemployment cache: reads-219.pdf plain text: reads-219.txt item: #116 of 309 id: reads-22 author: Fouzia Yasmin; Muhammad Zahir Faridi; Hina Ali; Adnan Yasin title: Workers’ Remittances and Growth Linkages in Pakistan date: 2020-07-25 words: 5235 flesch: 52 summary: Due to the growth of worker remittances inflows the policy makers, analysts and researchers in developing countries have a point of view that these inflows can contribute in developing the market for credit. In the table no. 2 we have showed the volume of worker remittances for the last decade. keywords: countries; country; data; development; economic; economy; flow; growth; increase; pakistan; remittances; workers cache: reads-22.pdf plain text: reads-22.txt item: #117 of 309 id: reads-220 author: Ahmad, Rashid ; Faridi, Muhammad Zahir title: Socio-Economic and Demographic Factors of Poverty Alleviation in Pakistan: A Case Study of Southern Punjab date: 2020-09-30 words: 5488 flesch: 59 summary: Considering the Multan division it is found that the variables household size, presence of disease, and sector of employment of household head are significant and encouraging factors of the likelihood of household poverty while the variables household head age, rural-to-urban migration, household head years of schooling, household having number of earners, spouse participation and physical assets value are the discouraging and significant factors of the likelihood of household poverty in Multan division. In the DG khan division, it is originated that the variables, family system, household size, and sector of employment of household head are the factors that positively and significantly impacted the likelihood of household poverty while the variables rural-to-urban migration, household head years of schooling, a household having many earners, remittances, physical assets value and ownership of house negatively and significantly contributing aspects of the likelihood of household poverty in DG khan division. keywords: development; division; head; household; household head; income; pakistan; poverty; punjab; size; variables cache: reads-220.pdf plain text: reads-220.txt item: #118 of 309 id: reads-221 author: Shafiq, Kausar ; Khan, Abdul Basit; Liaqat, Bilal Bin ; Shah, Ali Shan title: The Problem of Institutionalization of Political Power in Pakistan: An Appraisal of the Zia Period (1977-1988) date: 2020-09-30 words: 4327 flesch: 41 summary: Zia claimed to bridge the gap between the army and political institutions asserting that the army could share the power but could not transfer the same; the supremacy of the armed forces was manifested through the National Security Council, which was overwhelmingly dominated by the chiefs of forces and the Chairman joint chiefs of staff committee, while the Prime Minister and the Chief Ministers were the Review of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 6 (2) 2020, 439-445 444 members but without any effective real role to play in the policy- making. Political parties are the institutions which evolve minimum consensus among the fragmented people and their conflicting interest. keywords: bhutto; constitution; government; institutions; law; pakistan; power; zia cache: reads-221.pdf plain text: reads-221.txt item: #119 of 309 id: reads-222 author: Asghar, Nabila ; Batool, Maryam ; Farooq, Fatima ; Rehman, Hafeez ur title: Covid-19 Pandemic and Pakistan Economy: A Preliminary Survey date: 2020-09-30 words: 4618 flesch: 58 summary: Supply and Demand Shocks in Pakistan Economy due to Covid-19 Pandemic Before pandemic, the GDP growth rate of Pakistan economy was forecasted at 2.4% by IMF whereas the inflation rate was in double digits. In the beginning of 2020, the economic indicators began showed favourable trends but the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic affected Pakistan economy adversely. keywords: country; covid-19; development; economics; economy; government; impact; pakistan; pandemic; rate; review cache: reads-222.pdf plain text: reads-222.txt item: #120 of 309 id: reads-223 author: Rehman, Muhammad Atiq-ur-; Ditta, Allah ; Nawaz, Muhammad Atif ; Bashir, Furrukh title: The Lucas Paradox and Institutional Quality: Evidence from Emerging Markets date: 2020-09-30 words: 4658 flesch: 49 summary: Introduction There are two different schools of thought explaining the impact of capital account openness on capital flows across countries, first neoclassical theory and second the Lucas paradox. According to the neoclassical view, liberalization of capital flows should cause capital to move from the rich nations to the poor ones. keywords: capital; development; economics; flows; inflows; institutions; lucas; paradox; quality; review cache: reads-223.pdf plain text: reads-223.txt item: #121 of 309 id: reads-224 author: Tariq, Haleema ; Rehman, Muqqadas title: An Empirical Analysis of Organizational Performance of Construction Companies in Pakistan through Mediating Role of Conflict Management Effectiveness date: 2020-09-30 words: 5281 flesch: 34 summary: The workforce productivity and decentralization are significantly related to conflict management effectiveness and organizational performance whereas the remaining two variables of perceived organizational politics and relationship conflicts were negatively associated with organizational performance but due to the mediating variable, these two variables become positively and significantly related to perceived organizational performance. The present study was undertaken to provide new horizons and advance understanding on organizational performance (OP) of construction companies in Pakistan. keywords: companies; conflict; construction; effectiveness; management; model; performance; politics; relationship; research; study cache: reads-224.pdf plain text: reads-224.txt item: #122 of 309 id: reads-225 author: Khan, Abida ; Kashif, Najam-ul- title: Secondary School Teachers’ Perception on Stem Integrated Education: A Analysis date: 2020-09-30 words: 4371 flesch: 56 summary: As for as the challenges of STEM education program are concerned, teachers believe they faced many challenges in STEM education. Wong further added in 2018 that STEM literate workers can be very helpful at elementary and secondary school level, as they with the help of STEM teachers, integrate the STEM based curriculum in the regular curriculum and teachers with their pedagogy make this difficult task an easy opportunity. keywords: education; engineering; level; program; science; stem; study; teachers; technology cache: reads-225.pdf plain text: reads-225.txt item: #123 of 309 id: reads-226 author: Muhammad Latif Javed; Muhammad Nadeem Javed ; Akhtar, Misbah; Ahmad, Tusawar Iftikhar title: Impact of School Management Councils on Teachers Community Relationship: An Analytical Study date: 2020-09-30 words: 4302 flesch: 49 summary: Community schools: An evidence-based strategy for equitable school improvement. School community relation (2nd ed.). keywords: community; education; management; relationship; respondents; school; smcs; statement; students; teachers cache: reads-226.pdf plain text: reads-226.txt item: #124 of 309 id: reads-227 author: Zafar Iqbal; Shoukat, Lubna; Waheed, Muhammad ; Laraib Zafar title: Enhancing the Academic Performance of Students: A Real-Life Application of Quality Function Deployment date: 2020-09-30 words: 4674 flesch: 55 summary: (2007) conducted a research by using QFD and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to progress higher education quality. QFD as a structured approach is widely acknowledged; and has been adopted successfully in almost every field of knowledge and services like engineering, service quality, education quality, planning, decision making, etc. keywords: customers; education; needs; qfd; quality; students; voice; voss cache: reads-227.pdf plain text: reads-227.txt item: #125 of 309 id: reads-228 author: Bhatti, Muhammad Ahsan; Iftikhar, Urwah ; Mahmood, Tahir title: Impact of Re-Enactment Based Crime Shows of Pakistani Private Channels on Youth date: 2020-09-30 words: 7173 flesch: 62 summary: 4.1.2 Fighting scenes of crime shows are more violent w.r.t our society. 4.4.4 Scenes of physical relation in crime shows are seducing. keywords: agree; crime; disagree; enactment; graph; language; media; neutral; scenes; shows; violence; youth cache: reads-228.pdf plain text: reads-228.txt item: #126 of 309 id: reads-229 author: jabeen, Sarwat ; Tehseem, Tazanfal ; Naz, Samia title: War against Terror Impacts on Pakistan’s Economy: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Pakistani Newspapers date: 2020-09-30 words: 6001 flesch: 57 summary: The research paper investigates the ideological representations of Pakistan’s economic condition in political cartoons with reference to Pakistani English and Urdu newspapers in the post 9/11 scenario. The analysis raises an awareness of the broader context within which the economic condition of Pakistan is constructed and represented in political cartoons. keywords: analysis; cartoons; discourse; economy; english; figure; musharraf; newspapers; pakistan; urdu cache: reads-229.pdf plain text: reads-229.txt item: #127 of 309 id: reads-23 author: Hina Ali; Fatima Farooq; Najma Mumtaz title: Trade Openness, External Debt and Growth Nexus in Pakistan: Empirical Evidence from ARDL Modeling Approach & Co-Integration Causality Analysis date: 2020-07-25 words: 4071 flesch: 55 summary: Gross domestic Product (GDP) as dependent variable while Foreign Direct Investment, Inflation, External debt, Capital formation and Trade as explanatory variable are used. The developing countries initially focus on external debt for development due to the trickle down mechanism in this sense savings and capital raise that are used for purchasing more productive and advance equipments the revenue increase and economy will grow. keywords: data; debt; development; gdp; growth; impact; openness; pakistan; trade; variable cache: reads-23.pdf plain text: reads-23.txt item: #128 of 309 id: reads-230 author: Hussain, Safdar title: A Comparison of Students’ Academic Achievement in English in Single-Sex and Co-Educational Schools date: 2020-09-30 words: 4970 flesch: 61 summary: Both boys and girls from single-sex schools obtained better score in achievement test and gained better grades than students from co-educational schools and this difference remained statistically significant even after applying statistical control. Introduction The educational benefits of single-sex and co-educational schooling for boys and girls have become controversial after the rapid growth of co-educational schools in Pakistan. keywords: educational; girls; schools; sex; students; test; variables cache: reads-230.pdf plain text: reads-230.txt item: #129 of 309 id: reads-24 author: Irfan Hussain Khan; Shumaila Hashim; Muhammad Rizwan Yaseen title: Foreign influence on Pakistan's exports and imports Evidence from Pakistan date: 2020-07-25 words: 4342 flesch: 60 summary: A unit of exchange rate changes is lagging behind, bringing logs to Pakistan exports about 0.001095 units change. Import exchange rate impact is greater than export, summary appendix high - twenty three. keywords: data; development; economics; exchange; exchange rate; exports; imports; pakistan; rate; test; trade cache: reads-24.pdf plain text: reads-24.txt item: #130 of 309 id: reads-246 author: Ahmad , Zafar ; Hussain , Malik Mureed title: Can Gender Moderate the Relationship of Mindfulness, Procrastination and Job Performance Among Telecom Employees? date: 2020-09-30 words: 4228 flesch: 42 summary: Zafar Ahmad a , Malik Mureed Hussain b a International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan b Multan Post Graduate College, Multan, Pakistan ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT History: Accepted 16 august 2020 Available Online 30 September 2020 Job demand resource model and self-determination theory is widely used for understanding procrastination, mindfulness, job performance and gender in organizational settings. The job demand resource model has been further used to understand gender as moderator among employee’s with mindfulness, procrastination and job performance. keywords: employees; gender; job; job performance; male; mindfulness; performance; procrastination; scale; study cache: reads-246.pdf plain text: reads-246.txt item: #131 of 309 id: reads-247 author: Abbasi , Saif-ur-Rehman Saif ; Kakar , Ihtram ; Raza, Hassan ; Habib, Nazneen title: Role of Non-government Organizations in Escalation of Educational Projects and Community Development in Balochistan: a Case of Balochistan Rural Development & Research Society date: 2020-09-30 words: 2883 flesch: 37 summary: BRDRS through these programs and functions help to empower the community at large and finally contribute towards sustainable community development. Sustainable community development: A social approach from Vietnam. keywords: brdrs; community; development; education; ngos; projects; respondents; study cache: reads-247.pdf plain text: reads-247.txt item: #132 of 309 id: reads-248 author: Shahab , Sadaf ; Mahmood , Muhammad Tariq ; Fatima , Azmat title: Industrial Production and Monetary Shocks: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan date: 2020-09-30 words: 6708 flesch: 58 summary: That is the short term elasticity of call money rate is negative which means that a 1 percentage point increase in short term money market rate will bring about 0.83 percentage point decrease in long term rate. The money supply shock makes long term rate to diverge. keywords: economic; inflation; interest; market; money; output; rate; response; run; short; stock; supply; term cache: reads-248.pdf plain text: reads-248.txt item: #133 of 309 id: reads-249 author: Khan , Mumtaz M. ; Khurram, Sobia ; Tahir , Asma title: Achieving Bilateral, Regional and Global Peace and Sustainability Through Common Grounds date: 2020-09-30 words: 6963 flesch: 45 summary: The structural path of spatial, social, spiritual, economics and strategic dimension on PSP between India and Pakistan can be seen through their coefficients (Fig-2): Review of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 6 (3) 2020, 591-605 602 The structure of spatial, social, spiritual, economics and strategic dimension on PSP between India and Pakistan on the basis of global peace model is seen on all the three levels (Fig. 2). We extend the above argument by synergizing not only the comprehension of the social interaction processes regarding social dimension but also integration of social dimension with SSSES dimension. keywords: development; dimension; economics; impact; india; kartarpur; pakistan; peace; process; psp; sikh; study; sustainability cache: reads-249.pdf plain text: reads-249.txt item: #134 of 309 id: reads-25 author: Imran Sharif Chaudhry; Gulshan Ameer; Syed Ali Akbar Rizvi title: Public Spending and Macroeconomic Performance in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis date: 2020-07-25 words: 5353 flesch: 55 summary: Public spending also effects the private sector’s investment and its contribution to economic growth. Lucas (1988) in his study focused on the focal features of economic growth by considering Neo- classical growth theory. keywords: expenditure; government; growth; investment; model; pakistan; public; results; run; spending; variables cache: reads-25.pdf plain text: reads-25.txt item: #135 of 309 id: reads-250 author: Khan , Shakeel ; Khan , Muhammad Hashim ; Mohmand, Ali Muhammad ; Misbah, Syeda title: Impact of HR Practices on Employee Turnover and Job Satisfaction: Evidence from Pakistani Universities date: 2020-09-30 words: 8261 flesch: 46 summary: The relation between bundled HR practices and employee job satisfaction in the Dutch pharmacy sector. Examining the relationship of performance appraisal system and employee satisfaction. keywords: appraisal; employee; job; job satisfaction; management; mas; performance; practices; review; satisfaction; studies; training; turnover; university cache: reads-250.pdf plain text: reads-250.txt item: #136 of 309 id: reads-251 author: Aslam, Muhammad Umair ; Nadeem , Nasir ; Baig, Irfan Ahmed ; Ahmed, Umer Ijaz title: Economic Analysis of Fish Farming in Punjab, Pakistan date: 2020-09-30 words: 5158 flesch: 63 summary: Literature shows that fish productivity in Pakistan is low as compared to other countries of the world due to several reasons including socioeconomic characteristics of fish farmers which include education, land holdings, age, ownership of capital, old technologies (Meena et al., 2002). Gross margin (GM) =TR- Total Variable cost (TVC) for producing fish Economic profit = TR – [explicit cost + implicit cost] Business profit = TR – [explicit cost] Benefit cost ratio (BCR) = Business profit/TVC (When imputed cost is not taken) 3.2 Results and Discussion Education status of fish farmers is given in table 1. keywords: acre; cost; farmers; farming; fish; fish farming; income; land; pakistan; production; table; total cache: reads-251.pdf plain text: reads-251.txt item: #137 of 309 id: reads-252 author: Aleem , Muhammad ; Bowra, Zulfiqar Ahmad title: Role of training & development on employee retention and organizational commitment in the banking sector of Pakistan date: 2020-09-30 words: 5195 flesch: 47 summary: The bank is spending a lot of money on employee training. Review of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 6 (3) 2020, 639-650 639 Role of training & development on employee retention and organizational commitment in the banking sector of Pakistan Muhammad Aleem a , Zulfiqar Ahmad Bowra b a Hailey College of Commerce, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Email; aleem12884@yahoo.com b Hailey College of Commerce, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Email; zulfiqar.hcc@pu.edu.pk ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT History: Accepted 27 August 2020 Available Online 30 September 2020 keywords: commitment; development; employee; employee retention; organization; retention; role; sector; staff; study; training cache: reads-252.pdf plain text: reads-252.txt item: #138 of 309 id: reads-253 author: Mirza, Nada Saleem ; Haider, Aftab ; Taj , Tanveer ; Hazrat Bilal title: The Impact of Workplace Ostracism on Job Performance with the Mediating Role of Emotional Exhaustion: Evidence from Public Sector Universities of Pakistan date: 2020-09-30 words: 3654 flesch: 43 summary: Workplace ostracism and emotional exhaustion both are negatively related to JP the effects of workplace ostracism on JP are mediated by employee emotional exhaustion. This study was conducted with an intention to investigate the influence of workplace ostracism on job performance with mediating effect of emotional exhaustion in higher educational institutions. keywords: exhaustion; job; job performance; ostracism; performance; study; workplace cache: reads-253.pdf plain text: reads-253.txt item: #139 of 309 id: reads-254 author: Safdar, Noreen ; Asif , Hala ; Farooq, Fatima title: Energy Use and Human Health Nexus in Pakistan date: 2020-09-30 words: 5566 flesch: 56 summary: In the analysis we found that there is a negative relation between renewable energy use and Tuberculosis, by the usage of renewable energy sources to get energy the respiratory health of people could not be damaged. Here, Tuberculosis is the function of Renewable energy use, Coal consumption, Greenhouse Gas, Industrialization, Population and environmental Degradation. keywords: air; cause; emissions; energy; gas; granger; greenhouse; health; increase; results; tuberculosis cache: reads-254.pdf plain text: reads-254.txt item: #140 of 309 id: reads-255 author: Gulzar, Ahmed ; Ditta, Allah ; Rehman, Hafeez ur ; Ghafoor , Naghmana title: Testing the Validity of Keynesian Military Model of Fiscal Side in Case of Pakistan date: 2020-09-30 words: 5819 flesch: 48 summary: For example, in 1980s, General Zia-ul-Haq the then President of Pakistan refused to even consider any cut in national security expenditures and observed that no one could fight against jets and 1 J N Dixit is of the view that the defence expenditures in the name of national security are a burden on national exchequer. The current literature has only treated the indirect benefits of national security and has made up the models to test the nature of relationship between national security expenditures and socio-economic growth. keywords: defence; development; expenditures; gdp; growth; military; national; pakistan; relationship; run; security; socio cache: reads-255.pdf plain text: reads-255.txt item: #141 of 309 id: reads-256 author: Saher, Sobia ; Kashif, Najam-ul- title: Analysis of Alignment between National Curriculum of Education and Textbooks at Higher Secondary Level in Punjab-Pakistan date: 2020-09-30 words: 6544 flesch: 54 summary: Therefore, the curriculum specialists stress on curriculum alignment. They define curriculum alignment as the degree of coordination among curriculum, instructions, and assessment to facilitate students’ learning (Martone & Sireci, 2009). keywords: alignment; chapter; content; curriculum; domain; education; learning; level; outcomes; pakistan; textbook cache: reads-256.pdf plain text: reads-256.txt item: #142 of 309 id: reads-257 author: Jahan , Musarrat; Ali , Akthar title: Identification of Causes of Student’ Low Academic Achievements at Higher Secondary Level: A Qualitative Study date: 2020-09-30 words: 5253 flesch: 52 summary: The data was analyzed by ‘thematic analysis’ technique, results showed that lack of parental involvement and support, lack of teachers involvement and support, lack of help and support from friends, excessive and negative use of social media, lack of students involvement and interaction in class, lack of interest in English, lack of learning facilities and teaching methodology, academic stress and anxiety, examination stress and anxiety, social stress and anxiety, environmental stress and anxiety, physical stress and anxiety, and poor health issues were the reasons causing low academic achievements among students. This study is helpful for educationists, psychologists, parents, teachers, and students to identify particular causes, creating biasness in students’ academic grades. keywords: academic; achievements; anxiety; causes; lack; learning; results; stress; students; studies; study cache: reads-257.pdf plain text: reads-257.txt item: #143 of 309 id: reads-258 author: Bahoo , Rabia ; Nasim , Ismat ; Shaheen, Ruqia ; Javed, Muhammad Latif title: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Interpersonal Teacher Behaviour Scale: Validation of the Urdu Translation of Secondary School Students’ Perspectives date: 2020-09-30 words: 4050 flesch: 50 summary: Kokkinos, C. M., Charalambous, K. & Davazoglou, A. (2009) Interpersonal teacher behaviour in primary school classrooms: a cross-cultural validation of a Greek translation of the questionnaire on teacher interaction, Learning Environments Research, 12, 101–114. Introducing a model of interpersonal teacher behaviour. keywords: factor; mitb; model; qti; reliability; students; teacher; validity; values cache: reads-258.pdf plain text: reads-258.txt item: #144 of 309 id: reads-26 author: Romaisa Arif; Muhammad Zahir Faridi; Fatima Farooq title: The Role of Human Capital Formation in Poverty Mitigation: A Co-integration Analysis from Pakistan date: 2020-07-25 words: 4809 flesch: 67 summary: Figure 1: Human Capital and Poverty Trends in Pakistan Source: Pakistan Economic survey (various issues) Figure 1 shows the ten years trends of human capital and poverty in Pakistan. Introduction The notion of human capital formation has attained a lot of entice in the recent years as it involves efficiency in the manufacturing mechanism that leads to high economic growth and turns into the outgrowth in term of boosting up the living standard of people. keywords: capital; development; economic; education; health; pakistan; poverty; rate cache: reads-26.pdf plain text: reads-26.txt item: #145 of 309 id: reads-262 author: Khalid, Aliya ; Hassan, Syed Salman ; Hassan, Syeda Mahnaz ; Adnan, Muhammad title: Gender Responsive and Child Sensitive Disaster Management in Pakistan date: 2020-09-30 words: 4569 flesch: 45 summary: The central aim of disaster relief is to support and rebuild communities; what women do to keep their families and communities together in the critical moments after disaster occurs often is taken for granted. Review of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 6 (3) 2020, 727-738 736 According to international legislations, child sensitive disaster laws may be formulated in policy context. keywords: children; development; disaster; gender; management; needs; pakistan; relief; services; social; women cache: reads-262.pdf plain text: reads-262.txt item: #146 of 309 id: reads-27 author: Ayza Shoukat; Khalil Ahmad; Muhammad Abdullah title: Enigma of Public Assistance to Private Investment through Infrastructure: Evidence from Pakistan date: 2020-07-25 words: 5359 flesch: 51 summary: The empirical result finds that public infrastructure investment which is measured by length of roads is negatively related to private investment in the long run. In addition, credit to private sector, per capita GDP, work force and inflation rate are positively and significantly affecting private investment. keywords: capital; development; economics; economy; growth; infrastructure; investment; pakistan; review; run; sector; study cache: reads-27.pdf plain text: reads-27.txt item: #147 of 309 id: reads-275 author: Akhtar, Muhammad Hanif ; Chaudhry, Imran Sharif ; Sheikh, Muhammad Ramzan title: Does Islamic Banking Augment Financial Inclusion in Pakistan? A Reinforcement Analysis date: 2020-12-31 words: 8418 flesch: 56 summary: There exist only a few studies on the determinants of financial inclusion as well as on the development of financial inclusion index worldwide. This study spells out the role of financial inclusion (FI) to accelerate the efficiency of Islamic banks in Pakistan for the period of 2007 to 2016. keywords: analysis; banking; banks; development; economics; efficiency; fii; financial; inclusion; islamic; model; pakistan; review; studies; study cache: reads-275.pdf plain text: reads-275.txt item: #148 of 309 id: reads-276 author: Afzal, Awais ; Dost, Khyzer Bin ; Bhutta, Ehsan ; Ali, Syed Adnan title: The Role of Job Stress on Employee Motivation and Performance in the Electric Power Organization of Pakistan date: 2020-12-31 words: 6516 flesch: 51 summary: A twenty five item questioner was adapted to evaluate job stress employee motivation and performance. Conclusion It is the purpose of this philosophy was to maintain how the workers job encouragement in an organization may be develop by the decreasing of job associated stress and by encouraging the worker. keywords: emphasis; institution; job; motivation; organization; performance; performance pressure; pressure; relationship; review; stress; value; work; workers cache: reads-276.pdf plain text: reads-276.txt item: #149 of 309 id: reads-277 author: Shafique, Owais ; Majeed, Arslan title: Factors Influencing Bankers’ Intention to Adopt Green Finance in Pakistan date: 2020-12-31 words: 5250 flesch: 48 summary: The approval of the national central bank is now one of the principal factors behind the growth of green banks in Bangladesh. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors that influence bankers’ intention to adopt green banking in Pakistan. keywords: banking; banks; development; economics; environment; green; management; pakistan; review; studies cache: reads-277.pdf plain text: reads-277.txt item: #150 of 309 id: reads-278 author: Khan, Muhammad Wasim Jan ; Alam, Muhammad Bilal ; Sulaiman, Gohar ; Ahmed, Zujaj title: Nexus between Total Quality Management Practices and Construction Firms’ Performance in Pakistan date: 2020-12-31 words: 4830 flesch: 41 summary: So, this study and its findings are based on measuring the effects of total quality management practices i.e., organizational leadership, policy, and strategy, customer focus and process management on firm performance based on employee satisfaction and timely completion of projects. Total quality management practices are used in organizations to achieve and attain business excellence in which many of the practices and factors succeed but some of them still need conformance for long term sustainability (Aquilani et al., 2016). keywords: construction; customer; development; firm; leadership; management; performance; practices; quality; quality management; total; tqm cache: reads-278.pdf plain text: reads-278.txt item: #151 of 309 id: reads-279 author: Safdar, Noreen ; Ashraf, Shezza ; Farooq, Fatima ; Qadir, Junaid title: How Do Population and Urbanization Cause Environmental Degradation in South Asian Countries? A Panel Data Analysis date: 2020-12-31 words: 5173 flesch: 44 summary: Relationships among carbon emissions, economic growth, energy consumption and population growth: Testing Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for Brazil, China, India and Indonesia. Toward to economic growth without emission growth: The role of urbanization and industrialization in China and India. keywords: co2; countries; degradation; energy; gdp; growth; population; study; urbanization; variables cache: reads-279.pdf plain text: reads-279.txt item: #152 of 309 id: reads-28 author: Furrukh Bashir; Tusawar Iftikhar Ahmad; Ismat Nasim; Kishwar Parveen title: Electricity Generation and Real Output in Asia: A Panel Co-Integration Approach date: 2020-07-25 words: 7829 flesch: 55 summary: In some years, we get the negative relationship of real growth rate with electricity production growth rate in South Asia region, South East Asia region and Central Asia. Some countries are selected from Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia and South East Asia. keywords: asia; central; consumption; east asia; electricity; energy; growth; output; panel; production; run; south; south asia cache: reads-28.pdf plain text: reads-28.txt item: #153 of 309 id: reads-280 author: Zahid, Muhammad ; Ashraf, Samina title: Perceptions of Special Education Teachers on the Internal Efficacy of Their Institutions: A Comparative Study date: 2020-12-31 words: 4456 flesch: 42 summary: The objectives of the research were to  Know the perceptions of special education teachers regarding the determinants of internal efficacy of public and private sector special education institution in Lahore. What are the perceptions of special education teachers serving in public and private sector institutions regarding the determinants of their schools’ internal efficacy? keywords: education; efficacy; institutions; private; public; sector; students; study; teachers cache: reads-280.pdf plain text: reads-280.txt item: #154 of 309 id: reads-281 author: Anwar, Salman ; Khan, Nouman ; Mumtaz , Muhammad title: Impact of Karakoram Highway on the Education and Health Development of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan date: 2020-12-31 words: 4922 flesch: 59 summary: The analysis further reveals that the number of boys schools are more than the girls that is why the ratio of male literacy is more than the female, also shown in Figure 3. Figure 3, Gilgit Baltistan, Ratio of male and female schools, Source, Directorate of Education, Gilgit-Baltistan, 2016-17. Gilgit Baltistan Economic Report, Broadening the Transformation, Gilgit- Baltistan. keywords: area; baltistan; development; education; gilgit; government; health; pakistan; sector; study cache: reads-281.pdf plain text: reads-281.txt item: #155 of 309 id: reads-282 author: Ullah, Shafqut ; Mahmood, Tahir title: Energy Consumption and Four Growth Hypotheses: an Evidence From Saarc Nations date: 2020-12-31 words: 5245 flesch: 55 summary: The contemporaneous study investigates the directional relationship between economic growth and energy consumption for four selected SAARC nations from 1990 to 2018 within a panel-data framework. Second, study also contributes to growth theory by introducing energy consumption into neoclassical growth theory along with capital and labor stocks, especially for SAARC nations. keywords: causality; cointegration; consumption; economics; energy; energy consumption; growth; hypothesis; panel; relationship; run cache: reads-282.pdf plain text: reads-282.txt item: #156 of 309 id: reads-284 author: Ali, Sher ; Bilal, Hazrat ; Ahmad, Ashfaq ; Hussain, Jawad title: Major Barriers to Manufacturing SMEs Growth and Survival: Evidence From Emerging Economy Pakistan date: 2020-12-31 words: 5334 flesch: 49 summary: Hence the main aim behind this study is to investigate the influence of these barriers on manufacturing SMEs' growth and survival. Hence this study will focus on the major barriers to manufacturing SMEs growth in the context of Pakistan. keywords: access; barriers; business; financial; growth; information; lack; market; procurement; resources; smes; smes growth; survival cache: reads-284.pdf plain text: reads-284.txt item: #157 of 309 id: reads-285 author: Muhammad , Said ; Ximei, Kong ; Sharif, Ilyas ; Haq, Zahoor ul title: An Overview of Women Entrepreneurship from Islamic Perspective date: 2020-12-31 words: 5256 flesch: 52 summary: The motivation of starting women businesses varies in different cultures and geographic regions. Women entrepreneurship is a very emerging sector, running and operational cost of women businesses is usually very low due to small scale business but can enhance the financial position of their family. keywords: activities; business; development; economic; entrepreneurship; factors; family; journal; review; women cache: reads-285.pdf plain text: reads-285.txt item: #158 of 309 id: reads-286 author: Abbas, Ayesha ; Abbas, Nargis; Ashiq, Uzma title: Mediating Role of Affective Organizational Commitment on the Relationship between Training and Employee’s Performance: a Case of Civil Society Organizations date: 2020-12-31 words: 6143 flesch: 46 summary: The effects of organizational training on organizational commitment. The conceptual framework was adopted Mahmood (2012) used the organizational commitment as mediator in training and employee performance. keywords: commitment; development; effect; employee; impact; journal; model; organization; performance; research; study; training cache: reads-286.pdf plain text: reads-286.txt item: #159 of 309 id: reads-287 author: Amin, Amjad ; Alam, Danish ; Iqbal, Nadeem title: Analysis of Factors Influencing Household Human Capital Investment Behavior in Conflict Zones: A Case Study of District Swat date: 2020-12-31 words: 4404 flesch: 57 summary: Review of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 6 (4) 2020 881 - 891 882 Qaiser, (2000) divides human capital investment into public investment and household investment in health and education related activities. Review of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 6 (4) 2020 881 - 891 888 4.7 Expected returns from human capital investment In the following table 6.14 shows the household behavior and response regarding the expected return spending on human capital. keywords: capital; development; education; government; health; household; investment; study; table cache: reads-287.pdf plain text: reads-287.txt item: #160 of 309 id: reads-288 author: khan, Nabila ; Iqbal, Nadeem; Asfandyar title: Analysing the Demand for Islamic Financial Products: The Role of Religiosity and Financial Literacy date: 2020-12-31 words: 5759 flesch: 44 summary: Consumer religiosity and retail store evaluative criteria. Consumer religiosity: Consequences for consumer activism in the United States. keywords: attitude; behavior; buying; consumer; demand; impact; intention; islamic; literacy; products; purchase; religiosity; study cache: reads-288.pdf plain text: reads-288.txt item: #161 of 309 id: reads-289 author: Malik, Muhammad Shaukat ; Younus, Sabah title: Voluntary Tax-compliance Behavior in SMEs; Evidence from Pakistan and Turkey date: 2020-12-31 words: 5919 flesch: 46 summary: H2: Coercive power has negative significant relationship towards voluntary tax compliance behaviour. Coercive power has negative significant relationship towards voluntary tax compliance behaviour with the mediating effect of tax-compliance intention. keywords: behaviour; compliance; compliance behaviour; intention; pakistan; path; power; tax; tax compliance; turkey cache: reads-289.pdf plain text: reads-289.txt item: #162 of 309 id: reads-29 author: Imran Sharif Chaudhry; Faitma Gulzar; Hafiz Gulfam Ahmad; Saeed ur Rahman title: Impact of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) on Pakistan’s Trade: Empirical Evidence from Gravity Model date: 2020-07-25 words: 4373 flesch: 55 summary: Table 3 shows the impact of free trade agreements on Pakistan trade. Oceania & Other, $ 49 million (1%) Region wise Pakistan Export share July-Sep 2014-15 Total export US$ 6,178 million Asia Europe Americas Africa Oceania & Other Review of Economics and Development Studies Vol. 3, No 1, June 2017 34 in figure 2, Pakistan bilateral trade in export side linked with Asia, Europe, America and Africa is 42 percent, 31 percent, 20 percent and 6 percent respectively. keywords: china; countries; country; cpec; economic; export; fruits; gravity; model; pakistan; trade cache: reads-29.pdf plain text: reads-29.txt item: #163 of 309 id: reads-290 author: Pasha, Mohammad Akmal ; Rehman, Muhammad Zia-ur-; Kamran, Maria title: Corona-19 Pandemic and Altering Dynamics of Human Resource Management: A Multifarious Approach date: 2020-12-31 words: 6678 flesch: 53 summary: Short-term capital has also poured in rapidly to buy government securities denominated in Pakistan rupees that offer attractive returns. However, an epidemic of swine flu in India (December 2014 to early 2015) was followed by another one in central Pakistan, resulting in an estimated 16 deaths by January 2016. keywords: corona; country; covid-19; development; economics; economy; growth; hrm; need; pakistan; people; review; sector; studies; university; virus; vol; world cache: reads-290.pdf plain text: reads-290.txt item: #164 of 309 id: reads-294 author: Hassan, Nadir Munir ; Abbasi, Muhammad Nauman ; Ahmed, Zeeshan title: Achieving Sustainable Supply Chain Performance through Sustainable Production and Sustainable Supplier Management: A Case of Food Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan date: 2020-12-31 words: 6573 flesch: 40 summary: Like many others, sustainable supplier management practices, have also been declared as firm’s dynamic capabilities (Dabhilkar et al., 2016). Review of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 6 (4) 2020, 941 - 954 941 Achieving Sustainable Supply Chain Performance through Sustainable Production and Sustainable Supplier Management: A Case of Food Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan Nadir Munir Hassan a , Muhammad Nauman Abbasi b , Zeeshan Ahmed c a Lecturer, Department of Business Administration, Air University, Multan, Pakistan Email: nadir.magsi@aumc.edu.pk b Professor, Institute of Management Sciences, Bahauddin Zakaraiya University, Multan, Pakistan Email: abbasimna@bzu.edu.pk c Asst. keywords: chain; development; firms; journal; management; manufacturing; performance; practices; production; social; studies; supplier; supply; supply chain cache: reads-294.pdf plain text: reads-294.txt item: #165 of 309 id: reads-30 author: Mariam Abbas Soharwardi; Hina Ali; Mujahid Ali title: Foreign Lending Dilemma and Poverty in Pakistan, India and Bhutan: A Panel Data Analysis date: 2020-07-25 words: 3372 flesch: 50 summary: It is examined that the countries with strong policies and non-corrupt government can take full advantage of these lending for poverty reduction. Because in the beginning of the century, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) had proclaimed that one of the purposes of its lending activities was to help low-income debtors achieve poverty reduction. keywords: bank; countries; development; imf; lending; poverty; study; world cache: reads-30.pdf plain text: reads-30.txt item: #166 of 309 id: reads-309 author: Ali , Asif ; Khan, Muhammad Kamran ; Ullah, Hamid title: Dynamic impact of Gold Prices, Oil Prices and Exchange Rate on Stock Market Performance: A Case of Pakistan’s Stock Exchange (KSE 100 Index) date: 2021-03-18 words: 5820 flesch: 64 summary: Taking advantages of the current situation the study has examined the impact of gold prices, oil prices and exchange rate on stock market performance. The current study has posed various questions that is there any long term and short run effect of the oil prices, gold prices and exchange rate on stock market performance? keywords: exchange; exchange rate; gold; market; oil; prices; rate; securities; stock; study; variables cache: reads-309.pdf plain text: reads-309.txt item: #167 of 309 id: reads-31 author: Chu V. Nguyen title: Credibility of the Philippine Central Bank: Evidenced by the Interest Rate Pass- Through date: 2020-07-25 words: 5484 flesch: 50 summary: Financial Structure, bank lending rates, and the transmission mechanism of monetary policy. Sørensen and Werner (2006) performed Euro-area cross-country comparisons and reported empirical evidence of high-degree heterogeneity in pass-through of base rates to bank interest rates. keywords: banking; banks; central; interest; interest rate; lending; model; pass; policy; rate; run; test cache: reads-31.pdf plain text: reads-31.txt item: #168 of 309 id: reads-313 author: Parveen , Shabana ; Sadiqa, Bibi Aisha ; Ali, Sher ; Yasmin, Farrah title: Impact of Private Investment, Economic Growth and Financial Development on Environmental Degradation: Evidence from Pakistan date: 2021-03-20 words: 5049 flesch: 51 summary: Economic growth, energy consumption, financial development, international trade and CO2 emissions in https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v23y2013icp107-112.html https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/rensus/v23y2013icp107-112.html https://ideas.repec.org/s/eee/rensus.html Review of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 7 (1) 2021, 13-24 23 Indonesia. Economic growth and CO2 emissions in Malaysia: a cointegration analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve, Energy Policy, 51, pp. keywords: co2; consumption; development; economic; emissions; energy; gdp; growth; impact; investment cache: reads-313.pdf plain text: reads-313.txt item: #169 of 309 id: reads-316 author: Ahmad, Muhammad Azeem ; Hashmi , Arshia ; Shehzadi , Kiran ; Nawaz, Muhammad Atif title: The Role of Language Style, Perceived Services and Medical Qualities on the Tourism Development in Malaysia: Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction date: 2021-03-26 words: 5438 flesch: 45 summary: The results revealed that perceived service quality, perceived medical quality, and language style has a positive association with perceived tourism development in Malaysia. This states the importance of perceived medical quality inserting an impact on perceived tourism development. keywords: customer; development; language; malaysia; quality; satisfaction; service; study; style; tourism; tourism development cache: reads-316.pdf plain text: reads-316.txt item: #170 of 309 id: reads-32 author: Rashid Ahmad; Kashif Raza; Sobia Saher title: Impact of Trade Openness on Economic Growth: A Case Study of Pakistan date: 2020-07-25 words: 5645 flesch: 50 summary: Empirical evidence on Pakistan trade, 1(1), 1-16. This paper estimates the impact of trade openness and economic growth in Pakistan by using time series data from period of 1975-2014. keywords: capital; country; development; economic; exports; growth; impact; imports; openness; pakistan; study; trade cache: reads-32.pdf plain text: reads-32.txt item: #171 of 309 id: reads-320 author: Raza, Taqi ; Asghar , Nabila ; Rasul , Farhat title: Fiscal Impacts of Demographic Transition in Pakistan date: 2021-03-31 words: 6313 flesch: 53 summary: From figure 1 we can see that working age population is in higher proportion than the non-working age population in 2015. Mathematically, ( ) Where PE is pension expenditures; R.R is replacement rate defined as ratio between average pension and average output, C.R is coverage ratio defined as share of pensioners in total population above 60; ODR is old-age dependency ratio defined as ratio between dependent population above 60 and working age population (15-60); and LP is labor participation rate defined as share of workers in working age population. keywords: age; expenditures; force; gdp; labour; pakistan; pension; population; rate; transition cache: reads-320.pdf plain text: reads-320.txt item: #172 of 309 id: reads-321 author: Liaquat, Malka ; Ali , Mohsin ; Khursheed , Aisha ; Ain , Qurat ul title: Turnover Intentions and its Drivers: A Study of Banking Sector date: 2021-03-31 words: 5142 flesch: 45 summary: Thus, it aims to address how inter-organizational factors influence employee turnover intentions via psychological contract breach as a mediator in Pakistani banking sector, exploring new avenues from both academic and managerial perspectives. Impact of human resource management practices on employee turnover intentions: Moderating role of psychological contract breach. keywords: breach; contract; employees; intentions; journal; organization; relationship; review; studies; support; turnover; value cache: reads-321.pdf plain text: reads-321.txt item: #173 of 309 id: reads-322 author: Munir , Farzana ; Ishaq , Muhammad Athar; Khalid , Shees ; Ali, Hina title: Depreciation of Pak Rupee and Its Effects on Tax Collection by FBR date: 2021-03-31 words: 6145 flesch: 57 summary: The studies done earlier in Pakistan regarding taxation were limited to total tax collection which was usually taken as a dependent variable and determinants of tax collection were taken as independent variables. This study has studied impact of agriculture sector in total tax collection through impact of consumption of taxable supplies and tax collection through withholding mode of collection. keywords: collection; depreciation; development; economics; income; pakistan; relationship; revenue; review; studies; study; tax; taxes cache: reads-322.pdf plain text: reads-322.txt item: #174 of 309 id: reads-323 author: Nasir, Nazia ; Yasmin , Fouzia ; Safdar , Noreen title: Employment Diversification Patterns in Pakistan: Empirical Assessment Revisited date: 2021-03-31 words: 5357 flesch: 53 summary: Review of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 7 (1) 2021, 77-90 77 Employment Diversification Patterns in Pakistan: Empirical Assessment Revisited Nazia Nasir a , Fouzia Yasmin b , Noreen Safdar c a Research Scholar, Department of Economics, The Women University Multan, Pakistan Email: Nazianasir38@gmail.com b Lecturer, Department of Economics, University of Sahiwal, Pakistan Email: Fouziayasmin@uosahiwal.edu.pk c Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, The Women University Multan, Pakistan Email: Noreen.safdar@wum.edu.pk ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT History: Accepted 15 March 2021 Available Online 31 March 2021 Employment diversification depicts a dynamic socio-economic process where domestic workers widen the range of employment sources. More commonly, the suffering and demand-pull move toward allocation, with distinguishing two major inspirations of employment diversification; depends on the precise mechanism that, people may be short of diversification by adverse circumstances or pulled by the opportunity in the market of labor and high wage rate in non-farming sectors. keywords: development; diversification; economic; employment; impact; labor; pakistan; review; sector; studies; time; time employment; wage cache: reads-323.pdf plain text: reads-323.txt item: #175 of 309 id: reads-324 author: Bashir, Furrukh ; Rehman, Hafeez-ur-; Ashraf, Muhammad ; Naveed, Tayyaba title: Determinants of Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty in Pakistan: A Case Study date: 2021-03-31 words: 3872 flesch: 53 summary: By using logistic regression, the results highlighted that child labor may be cause of more Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty while education had negative impact on Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty. Review of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 7 (1) 2021, 91-99 91 Determinants of Intergenerational Transmission of Poverty in Pakistan: keywords: development; education; et al; family; generation; poverty; transmission cache: reads-324.pdf plain text: reads-324.txt item: #176 of 309 id: reads-325 author: Chaudhry , Imran Sharif; Faheem, Muhammad; Farooq, Fatima ; Ali, Sajid title: Financial Development and Natural Resources Dynamics in Saudi Arabia: Visiting ‘Resource Curse Hypothesis’ by NARDL and Wavelet-Based Quantile-on-Quantile Approach date: 2021-03-31 words: 6844 flesch: 54 summary: Natural resources are beneficial in the development and an asset of a country (Asif et al., 2020). Still, under certain conditions, natural resources create an exigent environment for development in the financial sector (Guan et al., 2020). keywords: development; economics; effect; financial; growth; quantile; rent; resource; review; series; studies; study; time cache: reads-325.pdf plain text: reads-325.txt item: #177 of 309 id: reads-326 author: Jamil , Mubashrah ; Jamil, Shaziah ; Urooj , Allay Hayder ; Rasheed , Lubna title: An Experiment to Investigate the Impacts of ICT-Based-Games on Students’ Interest and Academic Achievement date: 2021-03-31 words: 4545 flesch: 55 summary: As it is mentioned in the above section that teachers were already trained in using computer and other technological devices and they were also familiar with computer based games. So, it was easy to manage in the computer laboratory to teach mathematics through computer based games to the participants of this study. keywords: achievement; games; interest; learning; mathematics; students; study; test cache: reads-326.pdf plain text: reads-326.txt item: #178 of 309 id: reads-33 author: Shahina Imran; Rana M. Imran Arshad title: Impact of Microfinance on Income and Employment in Pakistan: A Primary Data Analysis date: 2020-07-25 words: 6788 flesch: 51 summary: Following table 4 provides summary of regression results for monthly household income (INCM 1), per member household monthly income (INCM 2), monthly household income from IGAs where microcredit was invested (INCM 3). The regression analysis shows that participation to microfinance program has strong positive impact on household income while very minute positive impact on employment. keywords: effect; group; household; igas; impact; incm; income; microfinance; programme; study; variables cache: reads-33.pdf plain text: reads-33.txt item: #179 of 309 id: reads-34 author: Sajid Ali; Raima Nazar title: Impact of Foreign Capital Inflows and Money Supply on Exchange Rate: A Case Study of Pakistan date: 2020-07-25 words: 3865 flesch: 53 summary: Due to overvaluation of real exchange rate the profit in tradable goods reduces which leads to less investment in this sector. Cottani et al. (1990) argued that in many developing countries, misalignment of real exchange rate harmed the agriculture sector and its growth which resulted in reduction of food supply. keywords: exchange; exchange rate; foreign; inflows; money; rate; supply; value cache: reads-34.pdf plain text: reads-34.txt item: #180 of 309 id: reads-343 author: Faheem, Muhammad; Chaudhry, Imran Sharif ; Hussain , Sadam title: Natural Resources, Institutional Quality and Financial Development in GCC Member Countries: Visiting ‘Resource Curse Hypothesis’ by DCCE Estimation date: 2021-05-31 words: 6208 flesch: 55 summary: The regressors are natural resource rent, gross domestic product (GDP), institutional quality (INSQ), and the interaction term of institutional quality and natural resource (NRR*INSQ) and all variables are taken in logarithmic form, and description reported in table A1 (see appendix). Introduction The financial development role is central for greater prosperity achievement, and an efficient financial system is needed to encourage natural resources efficient for the growth of any economy (Pradhan et al., 2016; Nawaz et al., 2019). keywords: countries; development; economics; evidence; growth; quality; resources; results; review; test cache: reads-343.pdf plain text: reads-343.txt item: #181 of 309 id: reads-347 author: Yasmin, Fouzia ; Nasir, Nazia ; Safdar, Noreen ; Iqbal , Sidra title: Structural Changes in Employment Diversification in Pakistan: Assessing the Role of Sectoral Employment Elasticities in Employment Generation date: 2021-06-01 words: 5185 flesch: 52 summary: A negative value of wage employment elasticity indicates a negative impact of a rise in wages on employment, while, a positive value of wage employment elasticity indicates a positive impact of a rise in wages on the respective employment type. Wage employment and non-farm employment positively affect income. keywords: development; diversification; elasticity; employment; labor; pakistan; sector; studies; time; wage cache: reads-347.pdf plain text: reads-347.txt item: #182 of 309 id: reads-348 author: Nosheen, Farhana ; Ahmad, Umar Suffian ; Anjum, Sadia ; Kouser, Robina title: The Covid-19 outbreak, a Failure of Social Protection System: A Policy Perspective of Energy and Economic Recovery date: 2021-06-01 words: 5349 flesch: 56 summary: For the more extended period, if growth remained weaker then health policies with coordination of multilateral actions, funding developing economies, supportive fiscal policy, and containment and mitigation would help as an effective means of destabilizing confidence and supporting incomes. 4.1 Proposed Policy Response of IMF for COVID-19 Quarantine, lockdown, shutdown, and self-isolation strategies inferred reducing economic activity. Fiscal policy needs to be considered exceptionally to strengthen demand when interest rates are low. keywords: coronavirus; countries; covid-19; crisis; development; economic; economies; economy; energy; global; growth; health; outbreak; pandemic; policy; review; world cache: reads-348.pdf plain text: reads-348.txt item: #183 of 309 id: reads-349 author: Qasim, Tahira Bano ; Ali, Hina; Baig, Alina ; Khakwani, Maria Shams title: Impact of Exchange Rate and Oil Prices on Inflation in Pakistan date: 2021-06-03 words: 3173 flesch: 61 summary: Also, plots of the data, unit root testing descriptive statistics are given to highlight the general statistical feature of the inflation series, exchange rate series, and oil price series in Pakistan. The data on inflation rate has been collected from different annual Pakistan Economic Survey reports, Federal Bureau of Statistics Reports, Annual reports of State Bank Pakistan, and from the web page “www.tradingeconomics.com”. keywords: exchange; inflation; oil; pakistan; prices; rate; series cache: reads-349.pdf plain text: reads-349.txt item: #184 of 309 id: reads-35 author: Bello A. Ibrahim; Musa Talba Jibrin; Daud Mustafa; Abubakar Jamilu Baita title: Need for Managing own Exposure to Foreign Exchange Risk: Empirical Evidence from the Nigerian Economy date: 2020-07-25 words: 5370 flesch: 50 summary: Studies have shown that many Nigerian foreign traders, particularly those in the small and medium sector, either lack the basic knowledge on how to manage foreign exchange risk or are skeptical about its efficacy. The paper thus introduces the subject matter of foreign exchange risk, its determination/calculation using facts and figures and its management to both the public and private business sectors in Nigeria. keywords: business; currency; development; economics; exchange; hedging; management; naira; negative; rate; risk cache: reads-35.pdf plain text: reads-35.txt item: #185 of 309 id: reads-350 author: Javaid, Muhammad Nadeem ; Ahmed, Gulzar title: Productivity Dynamics: A Case of Pakistan date: 2021-06-11 words: 6762 flesch: 57 summary: The overall variation of TFP growth lies from 0.5 % to 1.8 % in these studies. Real GDP and TFP growth in the industrial sector is depicted in Figure 4. keywords: capital; economic; gdp; growth; labour; output; pakistan; percent; productivity; sector; tfp cache: reads-350.pdf plain text: reads-350.txt item: #186 of 309 id: reads-351 author: Alam, Bilal ; Ullah, Muhammad Niamat title: Do Human Resources Run Economic Growth? Empirical Evidence From Pakistan date: 2021-06-11 words: 3914 flesch: 57 summary: This study analyzes the role of human capital in economic growth using data from 1981 to 2017. The results suggest that both proxies of human capital, education, and health have positive impacts on the economic development of Pakistan. keywords: capital; development; economic; education; growth; health; model; pakistan; run cache: reads-351.pdf plain text: reads-351.txt item: #187 of 309 id: reads-352 author: Rizwan, Muhammad ; Qi, Xuehong ; Talha, Muhammad Ali title: Influence of Parenting Styles and self-efficacy on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students: A case of Punjab Province Pakistan date: 2021-06-11 words: 6307 flesch: 47 summary: The study was conducted to investigate influence of parenting styles on the academic achievement of secondary school enrolment from the perspective of Pakistan's culture. The outcomes of the study exposed that there is a positive link between parenting styles (responsiveness and control), academic self-efficacy, and academic achievement. keywords: achievement; control; efficacy; parenting; parenting styles; parents; responsiveness; self; students; styles cache: reads-352.pdf plain text: reads-352.txt item: #188 of 309 id: reads-353 author: Batool, Maryam ; Asghar, Nabila title: Bilateral Trade Intensity and Business Cycle Synchronization Nexus: An Analysis from Major Trading Partners of Pakistan date: 2021-06-14 words: 5290 flesch: 55 summary: The existing research on the relationship between bilateral trade and business cycle synchronization (BCS) is limited in the context of developing countries like Pakistan. They disclosed that the two most valued criteria trade integration and business cycle synchronization are related to each other. keywords: business; countries; cycle; gdp; intensity; j)τ; study; synchronization; trade cache: reads-353.pdf plain text: reads-353.txt item: #189 of 309 id: reads-355 author: Sattar, Rashid ; Khan , Rana Ejaz Ali title: Troika of Trade Openness, Poverty and Income Inequality: Empirical Evidence from Lower and Middle Income Countries date: 2021-06-20 words: 6279 flesch: 61 summary: The results of FMOLS and DOLS in Table 10 explain that in lower income countries the poverty increases trade openness but in middle income countries it decreases trade openness. (2) 2021, 243-256 252 income inequality has negative effect on trade openness in lower income countries but positive effect in middle income countries. keywords: countries; income; income countries; income inequality; inequality; openness; poverty; prob; test; trade; trade openness cache: reads-355.pdf plain text: reads-355.txt item: #190 of 309 id: reads-356 author: Ali , Muhammad Mansoor ; Ihsan, Hajra ; Mushtaq, Afia title: Culture and Entrepreneurial Self Efficacy: Comparative Analysis at Provincial Level in Pakistan date: 2021-06-20 words: 4114 flesch: 44 summary: Therefore, study used McGee-scale for assessing entrepreneurial efficacy. Possible reasons for relatively low level of entrepreneurial efficacy in Balochistan may be due to less population density but in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is due to turbulent circumstances for more than three decades. keywords: business; development; efficacy; entrepreneurs; factor; items; pakistan; self; study cache: reads-356.pdf plain text: reads-356.txt item: #191 of 309 id: reads-36 author: Hina Ali; Hira Tahir title: Pricing of Agricultural Capital Input in Pakistan: An Analysis of Bound Testing Approach date: 2020-07-25 words: 4303 flesch: 62 summary: In 1981, agriculture price policy had been completely shaped such as support policy. The devaluated of local currency, agriculture prices have different impact on exports, consumption, trade balance and foreign exchange rate on the product of agriculture sector. keywords: agriculture; analysis; development; land; pakistan; price; productivity; run; study; variables; yield cache: reads-36.pdf plain text: reads-36.txt item: #192 of 309 id: reads-360 author: Maqbool, Muhammad Shahid ; Bashir, Furrukh ; Rehman, Hafeez ur ; Ahmad, Rashid title: Revealed Comparative Advantages and Exports Competitiveness of ASEAN-5 Countries in the Global Market date: 2021-06-26 words: 3675 flesch: 53 summary: Many studies have employed revealed comparative advantage index to evaluate the comparative Review of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 7 (2) 2021, 267-276 269 advantage and competitiveness of the exports of different sectors of the world. -0.01 -0.02 0.981 2019 2.141 0.363 0.761 2.729 0.956 -0.02 -0.05 0.948 2020 2.189 0.373 0.784 2.929 0.922 -0.04 -0.08 0.907 Sources; Author’s calculations by using ITC data Review of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 7 (2) 2021, 267-276 273 Figure 1: Revealed comparative advantage index of ASEAN-5 economies from 2003-2020 keywords: advantage; competitiveness; exports; index; malaysia; market; rca; study cache: reads-360.pdf plain text: reads-360.txt item: #193 of 309 id: reads-363 author: Abbas, Quratull ain ; Riaz , Ahsan title: Climate Change and Emergence of Violent Conflicts date: 2021-06-30 words: 5149 flesch: 46 summary: Climate change is about to produce the most profound influence in the field of agriculture (both arable and pastoral farming), in this respect agri-based economies will be more vulnerable as compared to economies having industry as their base, for instance African countries are more susceptible to various stresses of climate change, as it is estimated that around 250 million people (El-Hinnawi, E, 2011) are expected to go through water as well as food insecurities. Literature Review In the past decade much research has focused on climate change impacts. keywords: change; climate; climate change; conflict; national; nations; review; security; social; states; water cache: reads-363.pdf plain text: reads-363.txt item: #194 of 309 id: reads-364 author: Siddique , Muhammmad ; Nosheen, Misbah title: Gender Poverty Gap: A Comparative analysis of India and Pakistan date: 2021-06-30 words: 4468 flesch: 52 summary: Pakistan data have been used to compute multidimensional poverty. Head count poverty is high in both countries but India has managed to lift more people out of multidimensional poverty. keywords: alkire; approach; development; female; gender; household; index; india; pakistan; poverty; women cache: reads-364.pdf plain text: reads-364.txt item: #195 of 309 id: reads-366 author: Mushtaq, Faiza ; Sumaira; Maryam, Fasiha title: Socioeconomic Status, Gender, and Politeness Strategies: Studying the Usage of Request Speech Act in Pakistani Undergraduate Students date: 2021-06-26 words: 4838 flesch: 54 summary: It is evident from the statistical analysis that the politeness strategy that is mostly occurred in the Punjabi language was negative politeness strategy of ‘hedging’. Through this study frequency of politeness strategies has been undergone in Punjabi language. keywords: brown; face; language; levinson; politeness; status; strategies; study cache: reads-366.pdf plain text: reads-366.txt item: #196 of 309 id: reads-368 author: Qasim, Tahira Bano ; Iqbal, Gul Zaib ; Hassan, Mahmood Ul ; Ali, Hina title: Application of Markov Regime Switching Autoregressive Model to Gold Prices in Pakistan date: 2021-07-30 words: 4365 flesch: 59 summary: Due to the importance of Markov regime switching models, the applications of these models is increasing recently. It is worthwhile to note that the response variable was nonstationary and after fitting a Regime switching model the residuals become stationary indicating that regime switching models are also suitable even in case nonstationary time series. keywords: autoregressive; economics; gold; markov; model; price; regime; residuals; studies; switching cache: reads-368.pdf plain text: reads-368.txt item: #197 of 309 id: reads-369 author: Umar, Muhammad; Chaudhry, Imran Sharif ; Faheem, Muhammad; Farooq, Fatima title: Do Governance, Foreign Direct Investment and Human Capital Matter to Bolster Trade Liberalization? Fresh Insight from Developing Countries date: 2021-07-30 words: 7338 flesch: 55 summary: Results show governance, foreign direct investment and human capital are highly significant with trade liberalization in the case of lower-income countries. In the case of middle-income countries, empirical findings demonstrate governance and foreign direct investment are highly significant with a negative sign, while human capital has positive on trade liberalization. keywords: capital; countries; development; economic; effect; governance; growth; impact; income; investment; studies; trade cache: reads-369.pdf plain text: reads-369.txt item: #198 of 309 id: reads-37 author: Imran Sharif Chaudhry; Shumaila Iffat; Fatima Farooq title: Foreign Direct Investment, External Debt and Economic Growth: Evidence from Some Selected Developing Countries date: 2020-07-25 words: 5838 flesch: 57 summary: Review of Economics and Development Studies Vol. 3, No 2, December 2017 111 Volume and Issues Obtainable at Center for Sustainability Research and Consultancy Review of Economics and Development Studies ISSN: 2519-9692 (E): 2519-9706 Volume 3: Issue 2 December 2017 Journal homepage: www.publishing.globalcsrc.org/reads Foreign Direct Investment, External Debt and Economic Growth: Evidence from Some Selected Developing Countries 1 Imran Sharif Chaudhry, 2 Shumaila Iffat, 3 Fatima Farooq 1 Director/ Professor, School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, imran@bzu.edu.pk 2 MPhil Scholar, School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, 3 Assistant Professor, School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan, fatimafarooq@bzu.edu.pk ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT History Revised format: Nov 2017 Available Online: The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between foreign direct investment, external debt and economic growth. keywords: cause; countries; debt; development; economic; fdi; gcaf; granger; growth; investment; nations; variables cache: reads-37.pdf plain text: reads-37.txt item: #199 of 309 id: reads-370 author: Butt , Sumera Asgher ; Bowra, Zulfiqar Ahmed ; Chaudhry , Naveed Iqbal title: Investigating the Predictors and Outcomes of Entrepreneurial Bricolage date: 2021-07-30 words: 7225 flesch: 35 summary: This study also supports the notion that bricolage improves business performance by encouraging entrepreneurial innovation, which leads to entrepreneurial leadership. Due to the recognition of leadership as an important driver of business innovation, a perceptual framework has been established in order to study the consequences of entrepreneurial leadership on the desire to build business model innovation in organizations, with business acting as a mediating moderating function on entrepreneurial bricolage and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. keywords: bricolage; business; business model; efficacy; innovation; journal; leadership; management; model; model innovation; new; self; study cache: reads-370.pdf plain text: reads-370.txt item: #200 of 309 id: reads-378 author: Hassan, Nadir Munir ; Abbasi, Muhammad Nauman title: Impact of Network Factors on Supply Chain Performance: A Case of Textile Sector of Pakistan date: 2021-09-10 words: 5785 flesch: 48 summary: Resultantly, high performing supply chains usually depend on their cutting edge abilities of their channel members, and on their endeavors to establish relationships across supply chain networks (Michalski, Montes-Botella, & Narasimhan, 2018). The findings of the study confirmed that Network Actors (Textile Firms), the activities they perform, and the resources they have, generate a significant and positive impact on supply chain performance. keywords: activities; actors; chain; development; firms; journal; management; network; performance; resources; review; supply; supply chain; textile cache: reads-378.pdf plain text: reads-378.txt item: #201 of 309 id: reads-379 author: Khalid, Samra ; Asghar, Nabila ; Rehman, Hafeez Ur title: An Analysis of the Outcome of Socio Economic Factors on Mobility and Changes in Consumption Pattern in Northern Punjab, Pakistan date: 2021-09-12 words: 5207 flesch: 44 summary: This variable is used to study the association between the occupation progression and changes in household consumption pattern. The changes in consumption patterns describe the consequences of mobility through measuring the extent of characteristics of conspicuous and culture consumption as an effect of household mobility. keywords: consumption; education; household; income; mobility; occupation; pattern; punjab; socio cache: reads-379.pdf plain text: reads-379.txt item: #202 of 309 id: reads-38 author: Irfan Hussain Khan; Sofia Anwar; Shumaila Hashim title: Youth Knowledge, Attitude and Practices about Malaria in District Layyah Punjab date: 2020-07-25 words: 3771 flesch: 51 summary: 100.0 This table shows that 17.1% respondents were answered the challenges do you face in your community in malaria prevention and management is few equipment/Drugs, 17.1% responded were answered that due to poverty,14.3 % respondents were answered that the challenges do you face in your community in malaria prevention and management is low knowledge in domain, 37.5% respondents were answered that the challenges do you face in your community in malaria prevention and management is illiterate people, 5.7% responded were answered that the challenges do you face in your community in malaria prevention and management is community accessibility and 8.6 % responded were the challenges do you face in your community in malaria prevention and management is no incentive.. References Census Organization GOP. There is little evidence that studies have been conducted to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices of youth about malaria prevention. keywords: distribution; health; knowledge; majority; malaria; responded; respondents; table cache: reads-38.pdf plain text: reads-38.txt item: #203 of 309 id: reads-384 author: Rasheed, Rukhsana ; Ishaq, Mazhar Nadeem ; Anwar, Rabia ; Shahid, Mehwish title: Economic Interactions among Stock Market Performance and Macroeconomic Variables with Mediating Role of Gold Prices Volatilities: An Evidence from Pakistan date: 2021-09-20 words: 5558 flesch: 52 summary: The specific data comprised of period 2011-2020 regarding the fluctuations in gold prices, exchange rate, interest rate, inflation rate and performance of stock market index has been utilized. The statistical outputs of models showed that exchange rate (Dollar to PKR) was positively affecting the performance of Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE)- 100 Index, whereas inflation rate and interest rate were negatively affecting the overall performance of KSE100 index. keywords: exchange; exchange rate; gold; inflation; interest; interest rate; market; prices; rate; stock; variables cache: reads-384.pdf plain text: reads-384.txt item: #204 of 309 id: reads-385 author: Ahmad , Mumtaz ; Mehboob, Iqra ; Abdin , Syed Zain ul title: How Behavioral Factors Influence Investment Performance of Individual Investors in Pakistan Stock Market: A Moderated Mediation Approach date: 2021-09-23 words: 5323 flesch: 42 summary: Four behavioral factors as herding, prospect factors and market factors are used in this study and financial literacy as a moderating variable among the behavioral factors and investment decision. The findings reveal that behavioral factors positively influence investment decision and investment performance. keywords: decision; factors; herding; heuristic; investment; investment decision; investment performance; investors; literacy; making; market; performance; prospect cache: reads-385.pdf plain text: reads-385.txt item: #205 of 309 id: reads-39 author: Muhammad Nadeem; Hafiz Ghulam Mujaddid; Nabila Asghar title: Measuring Energy Efficiency and Exploring the Determinants of Energy Efficiency in Selected Economies of Asia date: 2020-07-25 words: 5992 flesch: 50 summary: Present study in an attempt to measure the energy efficiency and determinants of energy efficiency in fourteen selected developing economies of Asia for the time period 2007 to 2013. After measuring the energy efficiency, truncated regression analysis is utilized to find the determinants of energy efficiency. keywords: analysis; bootstrap; countries; dea; efficiency; energy; energy efficiency; inputs; output cache: reads-39.pdf plain text: reads-39.txt item: #206 of 309 id: reads-395 author: Shah, Faisal Nadeem ; Fatima, Zainab ; Bashir, Bilal title: Impact of Public Infrastructure Investment on Private Infrastructure Investment date: 2021-09-30 words: 4288 flesch: 49 summary: The results show that government infrastructure investment negatively effects on private infrastructure capital formation in long run and short run, indicating that government infrastructure investment crowds out private infrastructure investment. Private infrastructure investment is also among most significant and necessary factor for economic growth. keywords: capital; development; economic; government; infrastructure; infrastructure investment; investment; model; review; variables cache: reads-395.pdf plain text: reads-395.txt item: #207 of 309 id: reads-397 author: Sarwar, Fozia ; Khan , Rana Ejaz Ali title: Factors Contributing Towards Women Employability: An Impact Assessment of a Women Skill Development Training Program date: 2021-09-30 words: 6753 flesch: 49 summary: The women respondents were asked about the reason due to which they decided to participate in women skill development training program. It is clear from the table that women employment was high in low income families and unemployment is high in relatively high family income categories. keywords: development; education; employment; employment status; family; impact; level; skill; status; study; training; women; women employment cache: reads-397.pdf plain text: reads-397.txt item: #208 of 309 id: reads-399 author: Ali, Rafaquat ; Bahoo, Rabia ; Shoukat, Bushra title: Gendered Personality Traits, Academic Programs and Academic Performance of Pakistani University Students: An Evidence From Pakistan date: 2021-09-30 words: 8325 flesch: 50 summary: The male students were found to have higher academic performance than female students in STEM subjects (Matz et al., 2017). Whereas female students have shown higher academic performance in language and humanities (Cavaglia et al., 2021; Hdii & Fagroud, 2018). keywords: gender; male; neuroticism; openness; performance; personality; personality traits; programs; science; students; studies; study; subject; traits cache: reads-399.pdf plain text: reads-399.txt item: #209 of 309 id: reads-40 author: Rashid Ahmad; Altaf Hussain; Muhammad Umer; Kishwar Parveen title: Efficiency of Microfinance providers in Pakistan: An Empirical Investigation date: 2020-07-25 words: 5831 flesch: 53 summary: To estimate efficiency of microfinance institutions in Pakistan, the Data Envelopment Analysis are employee. Stochastic frontier analysis technique was used to measure the efficiency of microfinance institutions. keywords: analysis; change; data; development; efficiency; institutions; microfinance; pakistan; productivity; rural; scale; support cache: reads-40.pdf plain text: reads-40.txt item: #210 of 309 id: reads-400 author: Habib, Zehra title: Academic Service Learning for Underprivileged Communities in Pakistan: Enhancing Development beyond Economics date: 2021-09-30 words: 6745 flesch: 48 summary: Data from students who had carried out the project, accentuated improved learning and a keen desire for voluntary participation in service learning projects for helping underprivileged communities. However, Aslam et al. (2011) declare that there is a dearth of service learning projects for benefits of society in Pakistan, though the demand for such projects is on the rise (Morrison, 2016). keywords: community; development; education; learning; needs; school; service; students; studies; teachers; training; workshop cache: reads-400.pdf plain text: reads-400.txt item: #211 of 309 id: reads-403 author: Khan, Quaisar Ijaz ; Mumtaz, Raheel ; Rehan, Muhammad Farooq title: How Do Organizational Commitment and Work Engagement Mediate Between Human Resource Management Practices and Job Performance? date: 2021-09-30 words: 4046 flesch: 46 summary: Organizational Commitment and Human Resource Management Practices that are implemented correctly always have a beneficial impact on employee commitment to the firm (Amponsah-Tawiah & Mensah, 2016). Whilst employee engagement is defined as the degree to which employees identify with and participate in a company. keywords: commitment; job; management; performance; practices; resource; work cache: reads-403.pdf plain text: reads-403.txt item: #212 of 309 id: reads-406 author: Amjad , Muhammad Asif ; Asghar, Nabila ; Rehman, Hafeez Ur title: Can Financial Development Help in Raising Sustainable Economic Growth and Reduce Environmental Pollution in Pakistan? Evidence from Non Linear ARDL Model date: 2021-12-31 words: 6488 flesch: 46 summary: The Non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) econometrics technique has been utilized to find the association between environmental pollution, economic growth, and financial development. The results show that positive shocks of financial development increase economic growth and reduce environmental pollution. keywords: asymmetric; carbon; co2; development; economic; emissions; et al; growth; pakistan; pollution; studies cache: reads-406.pdf plain text: reads-406.txt item: #213 of 309 id: reads-409 author: Ansari, Muhammad Akbar Ali ; Hanif, Nadia ; Tahir, Muhammad Sohail ; Khan, Ali Junaid title: Factors Affecting Non-performing Loans in Pakistan during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case of Micro Finance Banks date: 2021-12-31 words: 3763 flesch: 47 summary: Review of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 7 (4) 2021, 493 - 500 493 Factors Affecting Non-performing Loans in Pakistan during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case of Micro Finance Banks Muhammad Akbar Ali Ansari a , Nadia Hanif b , Muhammad Sohail Tahir c , Ali Junaid Khan d a Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Email: Makbar.ali@iub.edu.pk b Assistant Professor, Department of Economics and Business Administration, Division of Administrative and Management Science, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan Email: Nadiahanif77@yahoo.com c Assistant Professor, Department of Management Sciences, Comsats University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan Email: Sohailutm@gmail.com d Institute of Business Management & Administrative Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan Email: Junaaidkhan@yahoo.com ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT History: Accepted 18 December 2021 Available Online December 2021 The basic purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting non-performing loans of microfinance banks in Pakistan during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Review of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 7 (4) 2021, 493 - 500 499 Economic growth in Pakistan has a negative coefficient and has a statistically significant impact on bank non-performing loans during COVID-19, as shown by a p-value of 0.024 at the 5 percent level of significance. keywords: banks; covid-19; impact; loans; microfinance; pakistan; study cache: reads-409.pdf plain text: reads-409.txt item: #214 of 309 id: reads-41 author: Shahina Imran; Farwa Javaid title: Interlinkage between Democracy and Sustainable Development date: 2020-07-25 words: 3692 flesch: 50 summary: The data used in this study are obtained from Turk Stat for GDP growth and POLITY IV Project for democracy index. The independent variable in this model was democracy index. keywords: data; democracy; development; economic; growth; increase; index; model; percent; study cache: reads-41.pdf plain text: reads-41.txt item: #215 of 309 id: reads-410 author: Ali, Rafaquat ; Shoukat, Bushra ; Kharal , Ali Ahmad title: Dependence of Academic Performance on English Speaking Anxiety in Academic Programs of English Medium Instructional Context date: 2021-12-31 words: 5423 flesch: 44 summary: The Public Speaking Class Anxiety Scale in English comprises four dimensions of English speech anxiety; Anticipated Anxious Behaviours in Speaking English, Comfort in Speaking English, Communication Apprehension, and Test Anxiety (Yaikhong & Usaha, 2012). Students who suffer from English speaking anxiety avoid potential communication situations to reduce speaking stress (Pappamihiel, 2002). keywords: anxiety; english; grades; impact; language; programs; sciences; speaking; speech; students; test cache: reads-410.pdf plain text: reads-410.txt item: #216 of 309 id: reads-411 author: Faheem, Muhammad ; Chaudhry, Imran Sharif ; Farooq, Fatima ; Anwer, Muhammad Arshad title: Visiting Human Capital-Foreign Direct Investment-Environment Association for Attaining Environmental Sustainability: Fresh Insight from Pakistan date: 2021-12-31 words: 3652 flesch: 48 summary: The current study explores the association of human capital, foreign direct investment, economic growth and population with the environment in Pakistan. So, many channels have been proved in the literature that human capital improves productivity, decrease the crime rate, and catch economic growth. keywords: capital; consumption; energy; environment; growth; pakistan; study; test cache: reads-411.pdf plain text: reads-411.txt item: #217 of 309 id: reads-412 author: Ishaq , Mazhir Nadeem ; Batool , Sana ; Rasheed , Rukhsana title: An Empirical Test for Natural Rate of Unemployment and Expectations Augmented Phillips Curve Hypothesis in Perspective of Chinese Economy date: 2021-12-31 words: 2585 flesch: 54 summary: For Expectations Augmented Phillips Curve, we suppose presents inflation rate at time t, which defines the change in price level as a percentage we uses Consumer Price Index (CPI), presents unemployment rate at time t, so the Expectations Augmented Phillips Curve can be written as: ( ) ( ) Where, Actual Inflation rate at time t Expected Inflation rate at time t, the expectation being formed in year (t-1). If Authorities reduces unemployment below the rate of natural unemployment rate say , inflation will rise from A to B point on the PC1 Phillips curve. keywords: curve; expectations; inflation; phillips; rate; unemployment cache: reads-412.pdf plain text: reads-412.txt item: #218 of 309 id: reads-413 author: Majeed , Muhammad Tariq ; Farooq, Sohail title: An Empirical Analysis of Globalization-Poverty Nexus: Evidence from Pakistan date: 2021-12-31 words: 4569 flesch: 54 summary: 2. Theoretical Links of Globalization and Poverty There are various channels through which globalization can affect poverty. In the next step of empirical analysis, we present short run and long run parameter estimates for poverty model developed in equation 3. keywords: economics; globalization; model; pakistan; poor; poverty; relationship; run; studies; test cache: reads-413.pdf plain text: reads-413.txt item: #219 of 309 id: reads-415 author: Ikram, Umara ; Akhtar, Shahzad title: Green Banking, Corporate Governance and Performance of Selected SAARC Countries date: 2021-12-31 words: 5795 flesch: 62 summary: Mostly, green banking literature consists of primary, cross sectional, descriptive and exploratory studies on the topics like, Green banking practices in India (Sudhalakshmi& Chinnadorai,2014).Factors determining adoption of green banking among commercial banks in Malaysia (Arumugan and Chirute,2018)Measuring green banking practices in Sri Lanka (Shumya and Arulrojah,2016).Therefore, wide research gap is identified by research in the following areas, measuring green banking disclosure practices. This study is designed to estimate impact of green banking disclosure, corporate governance mechanism on performance of listed banks in selected SAARC countries including Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal. keywords: banking; banks; board; development; disclosure; economics; firm; governance; green; market; performance; review; size; studies; value; vol cache: reads-415.pdf plain text: reads-415.txt item: #220 of 309 id: reads-417 author: Javaid, Muhammad Nadeem ; Bizenjo , Sikander title: CPEC Dynamics; Bilateral Currency Swap Agreement And Balance of Payment of Pakistan date: 2021-12-31 words: 6422 flesch: 62 summary: Mustafa, S., & Zafar, A., 2017, China Pakistan Economic Corridor: Importance and challenges for Pakistan and China. Review of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 7 (4) 2021, 561 - 576 561 CPEC Dynamics; Bilateral Currency Swap Agreement and Balance of Payment of Pakistan Muhammad Nadeem Javaid a , Sikander Bizenjo b a Karachi School of Business and Leadership, Bahadurabad, Karachi, Pakistan Email: nadeemjavaid75@gmail.com b Dawood Hercules Corporation, 9th Floor, Dawood Center, Pidc, Karachi, Pakistan Email: sikanderbizenjo@gmail.com ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT History: Accepted 13December 2021 Available Online December 2021 The China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is considered as principal strategic component of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). keywords: bsa; china; countries; cpec; exports; imports; mongolia; pakistan; review; studies; trade cache: reads-417.pdf plain text: reads-417.txt item: #221 of 309 id: reads-42 author: Zahid Ullah Khan; Masood Sarwar Awan title: Impact of Urban Agglomeration on Economic Growth of Cities date: 2020-07-25 words: 7507 flesch: 47 summary: Urban agglomeration predicted through regression (5) gives best fitted values which are used as dependent variable to capture the positive effect of urban agglomeration on urban economic growth in the second model. The results of the study showed that the Government policy for urban agglomeration, the market size control variable and district land area positively and significantly affect the urban population agglomeration which is measured by district urban population and log of district urban population. keywords: agglomeration; cities; development; distance; district; economic; growth; population; regression; results; size; study; urban; variables cache: reads-42.pdf plain text: reads-42.txt item: #222 of 309 id: reads-421 author: Ishfaq, Uzma ; Sattar, Tehmina ; Ara, Gulshan title: Exploring the Individual and Interpersonal Obstructive Factors Affecting Contraceptive Usage among Married Fertile Women in Rural Vicinities of Multan District, Pakistan date: 2022-03-15 words: 6117 flesch: 50 summary: Contraceptive usage is the widely accepted method for birth spacing among married women in reproductive age span. Government intervention through social media awareness campaigns, provision of monthly incentives, and facilitation of “health card” could be used to ensure high prevalence of contraceptive usage among married women in the study locale. keywords: birth; children; contraceptive; family; health; husband; pakistan; participants; reproductive; study; usage; women; years cache: reads-421.pdf plain text: reads-421.txt item: #223 of 309 id: reads-427 author: Asghar, Nabila ; Amjad, Muhammad Asif ; Rehman, Hafeez-ur- title: Historical Perspective of External Debt in Pakistan: Identifying Key Determinants / Strategies date: 2022-03-31 words: 5648 flesch: 58 summary: Identifying Key Determinants / Strategies Nabila Asghar a, Muhammad Asif Amjad b, Hafeez-ur-Rehman c a Associate Professor Department of Economics, Division of Management and Administrative Science, University of Education Lahore, Pakistan Email: nabeela.asghar@ue.edu.pk b Ph.D. Scholar Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan Email: m.asifamjad22@gmail.com c Professor of Economics Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan Email: hafeez.rehman@umt.edu.pk ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT History: Accepted 23 February 2022 Available Online March 2022 The non-developmental use of external debt creates macroeconomic instability which results in massive unemployment, poverty, inflation, and political instability in any country. The present study is focused on historical perspective of external debt in Pakistan. keywords: countries; debt; development; economics; government; growth; loans; pakistan; review; studies; study cache: reads-427.pdf plain text: reads-427.txt item: #224 of 309 id: reads-428 author: Mirza, Hafiza Muarifa Masood ; Tehseem, Tazanfal ; Masood, Tarim ; Tassadiq, Naima title: Appraising Environmental Beauty of Northern Areas of Pakistan through Rhetoric Expressions in Uzma Aslam Khan’s Thinner Than Skin: An Ecolinguistic Perspective date: 2022-03-31 words: 7162 flesch: 52 summary: This study throws light upon the influence of natural landscapes and environmental beauty on the lives of foreigners and local and nomadic people. b Assistant Professor at the department of English, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Email: tazanfal.tehseem@uos.edu.pk c Research Scholar at the department of English, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Email: tarimmasood42@gmail.com d Research Scholar at the department of English, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Email: naimatassadiq01@gmail.com ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT History: Accepted 28 February 2022 Available Online March 2022 Environmental study is rising as a hot topic nowadays and there is a striking awareness of sustaining asymmetry between man and nature. keywords: appraisal; attitude; beauty; ecolinguistics; engagement; environmental; evaluation; khan; language; pakistan; stories; story cache: reads-428.pdf plain text: reads-428.txt item: #225 of 309 id: reads-429 author: Maryam title: The Outlook of Economic Development of Pakistan during Covid-19 Pandemic and Its Potential Effects on Different Regions date: 2022-09-30 words: 7693 flesch: 43 summary: Abdullah, Muhammad et al. 2021a. Azmat Hayat, Muhammad et al. 2021. keywords: 2020; covid-19; development; economics; economy; et al; figure; growth; impact; international; journal; outbreak; pakistan; pandemic; review; sector; studies; virus; vol cache: reads-429.pdf plain text: reads-429.txt item: #226 of 309 id: reads-43 author: HonoréSèwanoudé Houngbédji title: Protectionist Trade Policies and Agricultural Productivity in WAEMU Countries date: 2020-07-25 words: 5029 flesch: 51 summary: The results of model estimates characterizing agricultural productivity through protectionist trade policies are presented in Table 5.The results show that protectionist trade policy variables (subsidies, import tax) and the amount of agricultural machinery used, availability of arable land were found to be relevant in explaining the level of agricultural productivity in terms of value added within WAEMU countries. As part of modelling the effect of protectionist trade policies (PCP) on agricultural productivity (PA), we first try to expose the specified model, and present the characteristics of our specification panel on the eight (8) WAEMU countries during the period 1995-2016. 3.1. keywords: countries; effect; land; model; policies; policy; production; productivity; results; study; subsidies; trade cache: reads-43.pdf plain text: reads-43.txt item: #227 of 309 id: reads-433 author: Nasir, Rakia title: The Women Empowerment in Agriculture Sector of Pakistan date: 2022-03-30 words: 5836 flesch: 52 summary: Results and Discussion We estimated two indices for the estimation of women empowerment in case Sargodha District of Punjab province of Pakistan i.e. 5DE and GPI. Women empowerment in Pakistan with reference to Islamic Viewpoint: An empirical study. keywords: agriculture; data; development; disempowerment; economics; empowerment; female; findings; gender; index; pakistan; study; women cache: reads-433.pdf plain text: reads-433.txt item: #228 of 309 id: reads-434 author: Ahmad, Waheed ; Tanveer, Zubair ; Majeed, Muhammad Tariq title: On the Nonlinear Impact of Tourism on Environment Quality in South Asia: Evidence from the NARDL Approach date: 2022-03-30 words: 7721 flesch: 53 summary: Sharif, Afshar, & Nisha (2017) inspected the role of tourism on CO2 emission in Pakistan. Moreover, Katircioglu (2014) found that tourist entrances had a substantial negative impact on CO2 emission both in the short term and long-term and also confirmed the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in Singapore taking the data of energy resources, urbanization, CO2 Emission, and industrialization with the help of Granger Causality test. keywords: carbon; co2; consumption; countries; development; emissions; energy; gdp; pakistan; panel; run; tourism cache: reads-434.pdf plain text: reads-434.txt item: #229 of 309 id: reads-435 author: Karim, Nayab ; Tariq, Muhammad ; Khan, Muhammad Azam title: An Empirical Study on the Relationship of Financial Sector Development, Remittances Inflows, and Income Inequality in South Asian Countries date: 2022-03-30 words: 6832 flesch: 46 summary: The study applied Fixed effects and Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (POLS) econometric techniques in order to examine the role of financial sector development in the relationship between international remittances and income inequality. Finally, this appears to be the rare paper that provides empirical research to reflect the significance of financial sector development in the link between remittances and inequality in remittance-recipient South Asian nations The structure of the paper is organized as follows: in the upcoming part, a brief literature review related to remittances, the financial sector, and income inequality. keywords: development; economic; effects; gap; income; income inequality; inequality; model; remittances; sector; studies cache: reads-435.pdf plain text: reads-435.txt item: #230 of 309 id: reads-437 author: Gillani, Seemab ; Bhatti, Muhammad Azhar ; Ali, Anum ; Ahmad, Tusawar Iftikhar title: Impact of Health Infrastructure on Child Health in Punjab, Pakistan date: 2022-06-30 words: 5775 flesch: 53 summary: Scholar, Department of Economics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan d Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Pakistan Email: tusawar.iftikhar@iub.edu.pk ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT History: Accepted 25 April 2022 Available Online June 2022 The objective of the study is to find the impact of health infrastructure on child health in Punjab, Pakistan. Child health in terms of infant mortality and underweight is used as dependent variable and health infrastructures, ownership of house, receiving remittances, physical access to safe drinking water, improved sanitation are independent variables. keywords: child; child health; children; development; doi; health; health infrastructure; impact; infant; infrastructure; mortality; pakistan; studies; underweight; water cache: reads-437.pdf plain text: reads-437.txt item: #231 of 309 id: reads-438 author: Chani, Muhammad Irfan; Tariq, Bilal ; Ali, Muhammad Saleem title: Consumers Purchase Intention for Energy Efficient Household Appliances in Pakistan date: 2022-09-30 words: 8625 flesch: 53 summary: Usually I suppose that purchase intention of energy efficient household appliances is positively related with environmental concern. The last hypothesis that I developed to see the moderate role of environmental knowledge and perceived behavioral control on purchase energy efficient appliances. keywords: appliances; attitude; behavior; concern; consumers; energy; home; household; intention; knowledge; products; purchase; studies; study; variable cache: reads-438.pdf plain text: reads-438.txt item: #232 of 309 id: reads-439 author: Abid, Muhammad Yasin ; Khan, Muhammad Tasnim ; Rehman, Hafeez ur title: Does Institutional Quality Improve Environmental Quality? New Evidence from NARDL Approach date: 2022-06-30 words: 5412 flesch: 50 summary: Reduced energy inequities between and within regions contribute to environmental quality since nations are cross-sectionally reliant on various social, economic, and cultural aspects. Besides, the influence of the rule of law on the tipping point at which economic development enhances environmental quality. keywords: development; economic; emissions; energy; growth; institutions; pakistan; quality; studies; test; 𝐶𝑂2e cache: reads-439.pdf plain text: reads-439.txt item: #233 of 309 id: reads-44 author: Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh; Muhammad Hanif Akhtar; Muhammad Nauman Abbasi; Fahid Subhani title: Economic Determinants of Tax Buoyancy in Pakistan: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach date: 2020-07-25 words: 5875 flesch: 60 summary: Tax buoyancy explains the growth in tax revenues by adopting the discretionary changes (change in tax base) and automatic changes (increase in number of taxpayer by increase in real income or through tax administration work efficiently).During the economic growth process, tax buoyancy reveals the capability of the tax structure to generate the tax revenues. Rest of the paper is organized as: Section 2 explains the concept and measurement of tax buoyancy. keywords: buoyancies; buoyancy; buoyancy model; gdp; model; results; revenues; sector; t t; tax; tax buoyancy cache: reads-44.pdf plain text: reads-44.txt item: #234 of 309 id: reads-440 author: Gardezi , Muhammad Ali ; Chaudhry, Imran Sharif title: Globalization and Energy Consumption: Empirical Implications for Income Inequality in Developing Countries date: 2022-06-30 words: 6714 flesch: 46 summary: Income inequality and energy consumption are negatively and significantly correlated, as energy consumption increases it reduces income inequality. Review of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 8 (2) 2022, 111 - 125 111 Globalization and Energy Consumption: Empirical Implications for Income Inequality in Developing Countries Muhammad Ali Gardezi a, Imran Sharif Chaudhry b a PhD Scholar, School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Email: mag_gardezi@yahoo.com b Dean faculty of Arts and Social sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan Email: imran@bzu.edu.pk ARTICLE DETAILS ABSTRACT History: Accepted 30 April 2022 Available Online June 2022 The objective of this study is to envisage the impact of globalization and energy consumption on income inequality in developing countries. keywords: consumption; countries; developing; development; disparity; economic; energy; energy consumption; et al; globalization; growth; impact; income; income disparity; income inequality cache: reads-440.pdf plain text: reads-440.txt item: #235 of 309 id: reads-441 author: Ramzan, Sheeza ; Safdar, Noreen ; Liaquat, Malka title: The Effect of Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Use on Sustainable Development in South East Asia date: 2022-06-30 words: 4967 flesch: 49 summary: Venkatraja, B. (2020) investigates the importance of renewable energy consumption in the growth of economy in the BRICS states from 1990 to 2015. At 1% level, the coefficient of renewable energy consumption is shown to be adverse and statistically substantial. keywords: carbon; consumption; development; dioxide; effect; emissions; energy; fossil; growth; use cache: reads-441.pdf plain text: reads-441.txt item: #236 of 309 id: reads-443 author: Shabbir, Rizwan ; Abrar, Muhammad ; Batool, Aysha title: Role of Professional Skills in Promoting Healthcare System: A Performance Perspective date: 2022-06-30 words: 6430 flesch: 39 summary: The total effects Table-4 shows the cumulative effects of functional skills on coproduction (β=0.362 and p <0.001), workflow efficiency (β=0.404 and p <0.001), and healthcare system performance (β=0.218 and p <0.001). Similarly, the most significant impact of technical skills of e- HMIS users is finally on the improvement of healthcare system performance, which is also previously seen in the direct and indirect effect results. keywords: coproduction; development; efficiency; factor; health; healthcare; information; items; pakistan; performance; services; skills; system; value; workflow cache: reads-443.pdf plain text: reads-443.txt item: #237 of 309 id: reads-446 author: Moin, Fabiha title: Green Nudges: A Review of Behavioral Economics Based Interventions for Reducing Carbon Emissions date: 2022-12-31 words: 3912 flesch: 51 summary: Miłaszewicz (2022) states some of the common types of climate nudges that have been used by governments and the private sector to promote a more climate-responsible consumer behavior. Hence, effective public-private partnerships in these countries are required to build channels through which green nudge interventions would serve as a solution to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions in the face of rising consumerism. keywords: change; choice; climate; consumption; economics; emissions; energy; nudge; review; sunstein cache: reads-446.pdf plain text: reads-446.txt item: #238 of 309 id: reads-447 author: Kashif, Najam ul ; Bashir, Furrukh ; Ahmad, Rashid ; Nasim, Ismat title: Aggressive Students’ Academic Performance: Teachers’ Insight date: 2022-06-30 words: 4723 flesch: 52 summary: Although there is an insignificant link between aggressive behavior and academic performance, aggressive students face difficulties in their education. Aggressive behavior was stronger positive related to aggressive behavior, r (227) = 0.175, p <0.000, causes of aggressive behavior, r (227) = 0.197, p <0.000, verbal aggression, r (227) = 0.708, p <0.000, physical aggression, r (227) = 0.352, p <0.000, than to students’ academic performance, r (227) = 0.360, p <0.000. keywords: academic; aggression; behavior; mean; performance; school; students; teachers; violence cache: reads-447.pdf plain text: reads-447.txt item: #239 of 309 id: reads-448 author: Nazir, Sidra ; Mahmood, Nasir ; Hameed, Gulnaz title: Energy Substitution Effect in Major Energy Consumption Sectors of Pakistan: Translog Cost Function date: 2022-06-30 words: 6973 flesch: 57 summary: ** Note: Delta method SE (standard errors), ***donated significantat1% level 4.1.1 Substitution Effect Given methodology previously, energy substitution effect has been calculated as demand for energy input changes with change in price of energy-inputs. There is inadequate works available in case of Pakistan that tested rebound effect (RE) having energy use and its impacts on environment, this study, comparative analysis of energy substitution effect on Pakistan’ three major energy consumption sectors industrial, transport and electricity sector has done, by using translog cost function in time series data framework. keywords: capital; cost; development; effect; energy; function; gas; inputs; oil; pakistan; power; review; sector; substitution; transport; use cache: reads-448.pdf plain text: reads-448.txt item: #240 of 309 id: reads-45 author: Syamsu Nujum; Fadhia Ratu Pratiwi title: Poverty Alleviation through Institutional Empowerment of Social and Economy on Poor Society in Gowa Regency date: 2020-07-25 words: 3966 flesch: 49 summary: Thus, in poverty reduction efforts need to change the development paradigm that places the poor as the object of development changed to the subject of development in addition to broad community participation is necessary for formulating poverty alleviation programs. Therefore, poverty alleviation programs that need to be more emphasized empowerment aspects, among others need to be equipped with entrepreneurship education, to change the attitude of mental dependence and develop awork ethic, so that it can grow self-reliance. keywords: community; development; empowerment; gowa; income; people; poverty; program; regency; social cache: reads-45.pdf plain text: reads-45.txt item: #241 of 309 id: reads-450 author: Ann, Abre-Rehmat Qurat-ul-; Noreen, Sana title: Path Dependence in Energy System and Ecological Footprint in Pakistan: Evidence from Time Series Data date: 2022-06-30 words: 8491 flesch: 47 summary: Ecological footprint of Pakistan was 6.7 gha in 2012 which was 14 times smaller compared to ecological footprint of Australia (WWF, 2006, 2012). This study empirically examines the effect of path dependence in energy systems on ecological footprint of Pakistan from 1981-2014. keywords: biocapacity; consumption; countries; development; economics; energy; footprint; fossil; fuels; model; pakistan; percent; run cache: reads-450.pdf plain text: reads-450.txt item: #242 of 309 id: reads-453 author: Faridi, Muhammad Zahir ; Ali, Hina ; Qasim, Tahira Bano ; Sadaf, Maheen title: Electrical Consumption in the Industrial Sector of Pakistan: A Structural Time Series Analysis date: 2022-06-30 words: 3001 flesch: 58 summary: (2015) declared electricity consumption and growth showed the deviation effects due to the disagreed of oil consumption for growth as Zhang and Chandio (2019) in carbon emission, energy consumption and economic growth (Zhang & Cheng, 2009). The empirical study among energy consumption, economic growth and energy efficiency-based on 6 industries panel cointegration model and parsimonious vector error correction model. keywords: consumption; electricity; energy; gas; growth; oil; pakistan; variables cache: reads-453.pdf plain text: reads-453.txt item: #243 of 309 id: reads-459 author: Waheed, Shariq; Waheed, Husnain ; Malik, Raana; Ghaffar, Abdul title: The Impact of Post-Covid-19 Economic Recession on Public Perception of Climate Change and Environmental Behavior in Pakistan date: 2022-09-30 words: 3993 flesch: 43 summary: The association between different variable including climate change perception, socio economic background, climate change prioritization and post-Covid-19 economic perception were measured using Chi-square statistics. PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SPIRITUAL DIMENSIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE: with Karl E. Peters,“Living with the Wicked Problem of Climate Change”; Paul H. Carr,“What keywords: action; change; climate; climate change; covid-19; perception; prioritization; recession; study cache: reads-459.pdf plain text: reads-459.txt item: #244 of 309 id: reads-46 author: SumaraAjmal; Syed Attaullah Shah; Muhammad Ibrahim; Zahoor Ul Haq title: Farm Households’ Willingness to Pay for Forestation Based Soil Conservation Program on Communal Land in Bagh District, Kashmir date: 2020-07-25 words: 4150 flesch: 50 summary: Thewillingness to pay as well as aggregate benefits to a farm household over a span of ten yearssuggests that sufficient potential exists for raising fundsin the forms of donations and other mandatory paymentsfrom the local stakeholders for the implementation of community based soil conservation program through proper mobilization On-farm soil erosion intensity, head’s education, farming experience and perception of soil erosion, monthly income, farmland size and contact with extension agents are the important determinants of farm household’s stated WTP for soil conservation program. If B is the benefit received by the farm household from on–farm soil erosion control, then the two situations can be compared as, Review of Economics and Development Studies Vol. 4, No 1, June 2018 34 𝑈(𝑌 keywords: conservation; development; economics; erosion; farm; household; land; program; soil; water; wtp cache: reads-46.pdf plain text: reads-46.txt item: #245 of 309 id: reads-461 author: Sabah, Rahat title: A Review of the Strength of Trade Polices of Emerging Economies and their Goal of Sustainable Economic Development date: 2022-06-30 words: 5440 flesch: 53 summary: Development of economic theory–from theories of economic growth and economic development to the paradigm of sustainable development (Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 91-101). Similarly, Cetin & Yucel, (2018) examined the effect of trade openness and economic growth in situation of turkey and found that there is a positive relation between the trade openness and economic development. keywords: countries; development; economic; epzs; export; growth; increase; pakistan; review; system; theory; trade; zones cache: reads-461.pdf plain text: reads-461.txt item: #246 of 309 id: reads-464 author: Dirir, Sadik Aden title: Inspecting the nexus between internal factors, external factors, and house prices: ARDL approach on the Djiboutian real estate industry date: 2022-12-31 words: 6889 flesch: 56 summary: Real estate is very intimately related to a specific geographic area, which has an impact on both the balance between the sale and acquisition of real estate as well as the value of individual properties. They discovered that investors who reside in developed cities think that real estate prices can remain stable and that there is only minimal price risk at very high price levels. keywords: costs; development; djibouti; economics; estate; house; housing; income; industry; market; model; national; ofi; prices; property; stationary; vol cache: reads-464.pdf plain text: reads-464.txt item: #247 of 309 id: reads-467 author: Moussavou, Ferdinand title: Determinants of the Attractiveness of Foreign Direct Investments in CEMAC: an Empirical Panel Analysis Over the Period From 1985 to 2019 date: 2022-09-30 words: 7838 flesch: 62 summary: Studying the determinants of FDI attractiveness in Review of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 8 (3) 2022, 233-249 236 Canada over the period 1990 to 2008, Aoumari (2009) finds that human capital, the degree of trade openness, inflation and the quality of public infrastructure positively explain FDI. Similarly, in a study conducted in CEMAC over the period 1993-2004, Djaowe (2009) shows that the real GDP growth rate, current account balance, external debt, and political stability positively explain FDI attractiveness. keywords: attractiveness; capital; cemac; countries; determinants; development; direct; fdi; investment; rate; rej; results; trade cache: reads-467.pdf plain text: reads-467.txt item: #248 of 309 id: reads-468 author: Shaikh Muhammad Saleem title: Military Spending Is for Prosperity & Growth: An Analysis of Different Income Level Countries date: 2022-12-31 words: 5555 flesch: 55 summary: As discussed earlier, an increase in military spending promote growth through direct as well as the indirect channel. The study illuminates the linkages between military spending and economic growth through a cross-country dataset of 67 countries from 1990 to 2018. keywords: countries; development; economic; growth; income; income countries; military; prob; relationship; spending; studies; table; test cache: reads-468.pdf plain text: reads-468.txt item: #249 of 309 id: reads-469 author: Muhammad Ahmad, Mazher title: Causal Relationship Among SME’s Import, Export, Deposits, and Small Manufacturing Contribution to GDP – Toda Yamamoto Analysis date: 2022-12-31 words: 4404 flesch: 62 summary: Change in GDP of small manufacturing and deposits in domestic currency may cause the changes in total exports value in SME sector in Pakistan while changes in total imports value do not make the cause of changes in total exports value in Pakistan SME sector. Using secondary data and an estimation method to take into account new factors, the study also makes a big contribution to the ongoing research on SMEs in Pakistan. keywords: changes; economy; gdp; growth; pakistan; sector; small; smes; total; value cache: reads-469.pdf plain text: reads-469.txt item: #250 of 309 id: reads-47 author: Zulaiha A. Zubair; Hussin Abdullah title: Institutional Quality, School Enrolment and Mobile Subscribers in Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS-5): Impact on FDI using Panel Data date: 2020-07-25 words: 5239 flesch: 44 summary: This represents 83.4% of all flows illicitly (Zubair, Nor’Aznin, &Azam, 2017).Apart from the acceptance of the impact of openness in attracting FDI inflows, several authors underlined the influence of other policy variables i.e.quality of infrastructure and the stability of macroeconomics as determinants of FDI inflow (Rjoub, Aga, AbuAlrub& Bien, 2017; Gol and Kashani, 2012; Antras and Helpman, 2004). 3. Methodology and Data The Model Specification To determine the framework given ahead and the set up of ECOWAS, with the variation of FDI inflow in Africa. keywords: capital; corruption; countries; development; economics; ecowas; fdi; growth; inflow; infrastructure; investment; journal; panel cache: reads-47.pdf plain text: reads-47.txt item: #251 of 309 id: reads-470 author: Shaukat , Sidra ; Shokat , Sara ; Khan, Khadija Kanwal title: Factors Affecting Foreign Direct Investment: The Case of the Netherlands date: 2022-09-30 words: 3378 flesch: 55 summary: The findings provided a very important side to the determinants of Foreign direct investment Inflow in Japan. Cavallori and Addona (2013) Specified the role of foreign direct investment on economies by using the panel data from 1985-2007. This study analyzes the effect of gross domestic product, inflation, and natural resource rent on foreign direct investment in the Netherland. keywords: development; economics; fdi; investment; results; study; test cache: reads-470.pdf plain text: reads-470.txt item: #252 of 309 id: reads-471 author: Shaukat, Sidra ; Khan, Khadija Kanwal ; Shokat , Sara title: Determinants of Tourism Arrivals in China date: 2022-12-31 words: 4439 flesch: 50 summary: Literature Review Jermsittiparsert and Chankoson (2019) study the behavior of tourism industry underneath the situation of environmental threats and carbon emission: Time series Analysis from Thailand in view of these findings, it is inferred that for in general the travel industry, ecological elements are assuming their significant job as a rule. Zhu et al (2017) studied low level of carbon conversion and path of sustainable progress of tourism industry. keywords: carbon; co2; development; emissions; environmental; faheem; industry; tourism; travel cache: reads-471.pdf plain text: reads-471.txt item: #253 of 309 id: reads-474 author: Sheikh, Fawad Ashraf ; Khoso, Imamuddin ; Khan, Muhammad Shahbaz title: Analysis of Determinants of Debt Financing: A Case study of the Cement Industry of Pakistan date: 2023-03-11 words: 7995 flesch: 56 summary: According Review of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 9 (1) 2023, 1-16 6 to agency cost theory firms holding substantial amount of debt face an agency relationship between creditors and shareholders of the firm. Firms in Pakistan should report intangible assets in their financial statements, the managers of the said industry need to manage the intangible assets of their firm efficiently and should work on its disclosure in their financial statements. keywords: assets; capital; cement; data; debt; firm; industry; pakistan; profitability; relationship; results; structure; study cache: reads-474.pdf plain text: reads-474.txt item: #254 of 309 id: reads-475 author: Ahmad , Rashid ; Rehman, Saba title: Determinants of Earnings of Rural Households of Multan District (Pakistan) date: 2023-03-14 words: 4892 flesch: 55 summary: The Mincerian earning function was used in both strict and extended forms to estimate the determinants of rural household income. In estimating the determinants of rural household income Mincerian earning function was used both in strict and extended form. keywords: age; district; earnings; education; experience; head; household; income; multan; rural cache: reads-475.pdf plain text: reads-475.txt item: #255 of 309 id: reads-476 author: Shaukat, Sidra ; Fatima, Aabru e ; Waseem , Muhammad ; Bhatti , Muhammad Kamran title: Government Expenditure impact on the Economic Growth of Pakistan date: 2023-03-15 words: 4968 flesch: 51 summary: (2013) conducted a study on Inflation, government expenditure eco growth in file of Review of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 9 (1) 2023, 27-36 31 Pakistan from 1980-2010. Simply said, economic growth occurs when a nation's Gross domestic product rises. keywords: data; development; economics; economy; expenditure; gdp; government; growth; pakistan; spending; study cache: reads-476.pdf plain text: reads-476.txt item: #256 of 309 id: reads-477 author: Bashir, Furrukh ; Javaid , Maria title: Industrial Expansion, Trade Openness and Environmental Degradation in Asia: A Panel Data Analysis date: 2023-03-18 words: 4768 flesch: 46 summary: Today, each and every country of the world is dependent upon the export of products and services for providing assistance in the economic expansion; however, the major emphasis is on the industrial sector as the levels of trade openness and international trade has been increasing. Trade policy and growth in Asia. keywords: countries; degradation; development; environment; growth; level; openness; pollution; research; studies; trade cache: reads-477.pdf plain text: reads-477.txt item: #257 of 309 id: reads-478 author: Hussain , Javaid ; Anwer , Muhammad Arshad ; Ghani , Muhammad Usman ; Umar, Muhammad title: The Importance of Renewable Energy Consumption and Human Capital in Attracting Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan date: 2023-03-20 words: 6108 flesch: 54 summary: Renewable energy consumption, financial development, environmental pollution, and innovations in the ASEAN+ 3 group: Evidence from (P-ARDL) model. Does FDI influence renewable energy consumption? keywords: capital; consumption; development; economics; energy; environmental; fdi; growth; investment; pollution; review; studies cache: reads-478.pdf plain text: reads-478.txt item: #258 of 309 id: reads-48 author: Rabia Rasheed; SulamanHafeezSiddiqui; Maria Abdul Rahman title: Influence of Awareness on SME’s Intention towards adoption of Islamic Finance in Pakistan date: 2020-07-25 words: 4668 flesch: 42 summary: Moreover, towards Islamic financing SMEs shows positive attitude and overwhelming demand of Islamic finance, as mentioned above nearly 20 to 25 percent of SME population interested in Islamic financing. A large number of SMEs in North Africa, Middle East and South Asia prefer Islamic financial products overtheir conventional counterparts. keywords: awareness; banking; banks; business; finance; financing; islamic; pakistan; products; research; services; smes cache: reads-48.pdf plain text: reads-48.txt item: #259 of 309 id: reads-483 author: Okem, Andrew E. ; Mubangizi, Betty; Adekanla, Niyi ; John, Sokfa F. title: Examining the COVID-19 Coping Strategies Employed by Residents in selected South Africa’s rural areas date: 2023-06-30 words: 5633 flesch: 45 summary: The problem of defining ‘community’: Challenges for the land reform programme in rural South Africa. Democratic decentralisation and traditional authority: Dilemmas of land administration in rural South Africa. keywords: africa; communities; covid-19; data; development; government; matatiele; municipalities; municipality; pandemic; rural; south; strategies; study cache: reads-483.pdf plain text: reads-483.txt item: #260 of 309 id: reads-486 author: Ghulam, Younis Ahmed; Joo, Bashir Ahmad title: Quantifying Downside Risk in Euro Area Stock Markets: A Value at Risk Study date: 2023-06-30 words: 3911 flesch: 37 summary: One of the key tools used to assess and quantify market risks is the Value at Risk (VaR) methodology. The present research paper aims to assess and quantify the downside risk of Euro Area stock markets using the Value at Risk (VaR) methodology over a substantial time frame spanning 26 years. keywords: area; euro; investors; markets; risk; stock; value; var cache: reads-486.pdf plain text: reads-486.txt item: #261 of 309 id: reads-487 author: Arshad, Farah Noreen ; Haroon, Muhammad title: Trust the Shield: Unveiling the Warranty's Power in Building Customer Loyalty through Complaint Resolution date: 2023-06-30 words: 9490 flesch: 44 summary: This study delves into the intricate dynamics of customer loyalty among battery manufacturers, scrutinizing the impact of product warranty and complaint resolution while considering the mediating role of trust and the moderating influence of brand image. Results unveiled the pivotal roles of product warranty and complaint resolution in predicting customer loyalty, with trust acting as a crucial mediator and brand image as a potential moderator. keywords: analysis; brand; brand image; complaint; customer; customer loyalty; data; development; image; journal; management; marketing; product; research; resolution; service; studies; study; trust; warranty cache: reads-487.pdf plain text: reads-487.txt item: #262 of 309 id: reads-49 author: Muhammad Danyal Khan; Rao Imran Habib; Muhammad Asif Safdar title: Reduction of Economic Burden on State Exchequer by Using Various International Legal Flexibilities under TRIPS Agreement 1994 of WTO date: 2020-07-25 words: 5106 flesch: 36 summary: Pakistan, as a state, has been subject of criticism from both state and international organisational level for non-compliance of international patent protection standards. For the reason of human rights supremacy as an objective of national laws and also international law, one may claim that in case of conflict between global pharmaceutical patent protection under TRIPS Agreement of WTO and right to health under ICESCR, later will prevail (Vega, 1994).A majority of international community, except USA, is signatory to ICESCR and have made their internal laws consistent with obligation towards this document (Fourie, 1990).Right to protection of health and provision of adequate standards of treatment is integral part of ICESCR but it is unfortunate that US is not part to it. keywords: agreement; countries; health; medicine; pakistan; patent; pharmaceutical; protection; rights; trips; wto cache: reads-49.pdf plain text: reads-49.txt item: #263 of 309 id: reads-490 author: Hussain, Javaid ; Anjum, Sadia ; Yousuf, Muhammad ; Ahmad, Fiaz title: Greening Growth: The Environmental Implications of Technology Innovation, Green Finance, and Foreign Direct Investment in Pakistan date: 2023-06-30 words: 6475 flesch: 38 summary: In this study nuclear energy, renewable energy, technology innovation environment variables for selected country Pakistan. This observation underscores the intricate dynamics at play, wherein foreign direct investment and economic growth appear to exert pressures that escalate carbon emissions and environmental impact. keywords: development; energy; environmental; et al; faheem; fdi; finance; green; innovation; pakistan; study cache: reads-490.pdf plain text: reads-490.txt item: #264 of 309 id: reads-50 author: Nadeem Ahmed Sheikh; Khawaja Khalid Mehmood; Mujtaba Kamal title: Determinants of Corporate Cash Holdings: Evidence from MNCs in Pakistan date: 2020-07-25 words: 4554 flesch: 52 summary: The Baumol model (1952) of cash treats cash as an inventory item where inflows and outflows can be predicted with certainty. Moreover, to investigate whether theories relevant to cash holdings provide any justification to narrate the cash holding behavior of listed MNCs on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) for the period 2006-2016. keywords: assets; capital; cash; cash holdings; firms; holdings; mncs; results cache: reads-50.pdf plain text: reads-50.txt item: #265 of 309 id: reads-51 author: Mohammed Nuhu; Halilu Bello Rogo; Mohammed Umar Danladi title: Investigating the Influence of Shareholder Mechanisms on the Perceived Performance of Listed Firms in Nigeria date: 2020-07-25 words: 4765 flesch: 41 summary: In overall, the findings/results of the study showedthat the empirical analysis supports the role of shareholder mechanisms in improving firm perceived performance (Nuhu&Hussaini, 2017). Empirical findings showed that board transparency/accountability and shareholder right were significantly and positively related to perceived firm performance. keywords: accountability; board; financial; firm; nigeria; perceived; performance; relationship; shareholder; studies; study cache: reads-51.pdf plain text: reads-51.txt item: #266 of 309 id: reads-52 author: Muhammad Tariq Majeed; Anwar Shah title: An Empirical Analysis of Economic Performance of Asian Economies: The Role of Electronic Government date: 2020-07-25 words: 5690 flesch: 51 summary: In the presence of e-government interactions between government officials and citizens tend to decrease, thereby lowering the discretionary power of government officials. In the presence of e-government movement of people and transport tend to reduce, thereby reducing the burden on environment. keywords: capital; data; development; economies; effects; government; growth; ict; information; model; review; studies; study cache: reads-52.pdf plain text: reads-52.txt item: #267 of 309 id: reads-53 author: Rashid Ahmad; Furrukh Bashir; Altaf Hussain title: Human Capital, Governance and Poverty Reduction: A Panel Data Analysis date: 2020-07-25 words: 4357 flesch: 48 summary: Ayodeji and Adebayo (2015) identified the reasons of poverty in Nigeria and theoretical and conceptual framework has been presented to describe the relationships among government policies, human capital, economic development and poverty reduction. At first stage, descriptive statistics are calculated; secondly, correlation analysis is done to check problem of Multicollinearity and lastly, GMM methods is applied for econometric results of all the models to examine the impact of human capital and Governance on poverty reduction. keywords: capital; countries; development; economics; governance; impact; poverty; results cache: reads-53.pdf plain text: reads-53.txt item: #268 of 309 id: reads-54 author: Saeed ur Rahman; Imran Sharif Chaudhry; Fatima Farooq title: Gender Inequality in Education and Household Poverty in Pakistan: A Case of Multan District date: 2020-07-25 words: 7196 flesch: 52 summary: The study concluded that gender inequality in education has adverse impact on household poverty. The probability of household poverty falls with the increase in female-male primary, secondary and tertiary enrolment. keywords: development; education; enrolment; female; gender; household; inequality; pakistan; percent; poverty; primary; probability; ratio cache: reads-54.pdf plain text: reads-54.txt item: #269 of 309 id: reads-55 author: Sangeen Khan; Lala Rukh; Hazrat Bilal title: Contributing Factors of Capital Structure: A Case of Non-Financial Companies Listed at KSE 100 date: 2020-07-25 words: 4021 flesch: 55 summary: They discussed the attributes suggested by capital structure theories which may affect the debt to equity ratios, growth and tax shield. They also found that low leverage firms are those who raised funds during high valuations and highly leveraged firms are those who obtained funds when their valuations were too low as measured by market to book ratios. keywords: capital; debt; firm; leverage; relationship; results; structure; study cache: reads-55.pdf plain text: reads-55.txt item: #270 of 309 id: reads-56 author: Muhammad Nisar Khan; Adnan Ahmad; Muhammad Ilyas; Ihtisham Khan title: Corporate Governance and Firm Efficiency: Empirical Study of Pakistan date: 2020-07-25 words: 5687 flesch: 52 summary: These OTE scores were used as dependent variable and Corporate Governance Index (CGI) was used as independent variable to check the effect of CG on Firm efficiency, some control variables were also added to the model to better predict the effect of CG on firm Efficiency. In this exploratory study, we examine the effect of firm level corporate governance on firm efficiency calculated through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) during the period from 2008-2017 for a sample of 136 non-financial firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). keywords: data; dea; efficiency; firm; governance; model; output; performance; results; review; technical; variables; vol cache: reads-56.pdf plain text: reads-56.txt item: #271 of 309 id: reads-57 author: Mohammad Nabi; Muhammad Javed Iqbal; Rahat Mand; Intzar Hussain Butt title: Teacher in Promoting Quality Education: Head Teachers Perception date: 2020-07-25 words: 4120 flesch: 52 summary: Quality of education is the major concern of any country and preparing quality teachers is the prime importance in many countries. In response to the need of quality teacher, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa review and developed Teacher Education Strategy (TES 2013-2018) to improve the quality of teacher in the province. keywords: education; outcomes; quality; quality education; statement; students; subject; teacher; teaching cache: reads-57.pdf plain text: reads-57.txt item: #272 of 309 id: reads-58 author: Wahid Raza; Anjum Ihsan; Shahid Jan title: Effect of Board Independence on Earning Response Coefficient (ERC): Evidence from Pakistan date: 2020-07-25 words: 7165 flesch: 52 summary: In addition, the abnormal stock return is associated with independent outside directors in the board and the chance of price reaction goes up in their presence, thus enhancing the owner wealth (Rosenstein and Wyat, 1991). Furthermore, Hermalin and Weisbach (1989) argued that independent outside directors’ plays an important role to enhance the performance of the poor firms by protecting them in hard time when firm are going to failure. keywords: beta; board; coefficient; directors; earning; erc; firm; growth; independence; journal; response; studies cache: reads-58.pdf plain text: reads-58.txt item: #273 of 309 id: reads-59 author: Nisar Muhammad; Shahid Jan Kakakhel; Fayaz Ali Shah title: Effect of Service Quality on Customers Satisfaction: An Application of HEdPERF Model date: 2020-07-25 words: 5974 flesch: 48 summary: Brochado (2009) also recommended that HEdPERF scale is a best measurement instrument to measure higher education industry service quality. Service quality models: A review. keywords: customer; customer satisfaction; dimension; education; effect; journal; model; quality; satisfaction; service; service quality; students cache: reads-59.pdf plain text: reads-59.txt item: #274 of 309 id: reads-60 author: Hakim Ali; Bashir Hussain title: Student Evaluations of Teaching in Universities of Pakistan: Analysis from the Perspective of Closing the Feedback Loop date: 2020-07-25 words: 5175 flesch: 44 summary: Likewise, there is also evidence of using student feedback results for making decisions about institutional rankings and appraising institutional performance (Johnson, 2000). Introduction and Literature Review Formal systems of evaluating faculty teaching, typically comprising student feedback employing varied instruments and mechanisms, are common in higher education institutions [HEIs] across the globe. keywords: analysis; data; education; evaluation; feedback; heis; loop; results; sets; students cache: reads-60.pdf plain text: reads-60.txt item: #275 of 309 id: reads-62 author: Ansa Nazli; Rehana Siddiqui; Imran Hanif title: Trade Reforms and Productivity Growth in Manufacturing Industries of Pakistan date: 2020-07-25 words: 4951 flesch: 51 summary: Reduction in tariff positively but insignificantly effects efficiency growth. There is lack of research at level in Pakistan This paper investigates to what extent trade liberalization affects productivity growth employing endogenous growth model. keywords: capital; change; data; development; economic; efficiency; growth; industries; liberalization; pakistan; productivity; trade cache: reads-62.pdf plain text: reads-62.txt item: #276 of 309 id: reads-63 author: Saima Riaz; Zakia Bano; Raheel Abbas; Muhammad Rizwan title: Dilemmas of Adolescents: Dark Triad and Relational Aggression, Moderated by Economic Status date: 2020-07-25 words: 5974 flesch: 42 summary: Summary of Linear Regression Analysis of Sub Dimensions of Dark Triad as Predictor of Relational aggression among Adolescent Students (N=612) Finding of linear regression mentioned in above table revealed that machiavellianism explained the 22% variance in the relational aggression while one-unit increase in machiavellianism will increase score on relational aggression by .469. Table 2: Summary of Multiple Regression Analysis of Sub Dimensions of Dark Triad as Predictor of Relational aggression among Adolescent Students (N=612) Table 3: Coefficients of Multiple linear regression of Sub dimensions of Dark triad as Predictor of relational aggression in Adolescent Students (N=612) keywords: adolescent; aggression; development; doi; journal; machiavellianism; narcissism; personality; psychopathy; self; triad cache: reads-63.pdf plain text: reads-63.txt item: #277 of 309 id: reads-64 author: Saima Shafique; Abou Bakar; Fatima Farooq; Kishwar Perveen title: Social Exclusion, Entrepreneurship and Public Policy Challenges for Pakistan date: 2020-07-25 words: 3673 flesch: 40 summary: China successfully brought about this transformation with continuity in political policies of controlled market oriented reforms since the time of Deng. The difference arising in growth rates of these countries raised the question about the ability of political institutions to crate supportive economic institutions that can formulate rules and plans for sustainable growth and development (Kahan et.al. 2017). keywords: development; economic; entrepreneurship; exclusion; growth; institutions; pakistan; policy; public; review; sector cache: reads-64.pdf plain text: reads-64.txt item: #278 of 309 id: reads-65 author: Syeda Rumaisa Khalil; Khawaja Khalid Mehmood title: Knowledge Management, Emotional Capability, Teamwork, and Innovativeness: Mediating Role of Organizational Learning date: 2020-07-25 words: 5085 flesch: 38 summary: Organizational learning capability always plays a constructive role. All this helps to enhance organizational learning capability by providing identity and shared vision (Huy, 1999). keywords: capability; innovation; innovativeness; journal; knowledge; knowledge management; learning; management; research; smes; studies; study; teamwork cache: reads-65.pdf plain text: reads-65.txt item: #279 of 309 id: reads-67 author: Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh; Imran Sharif Chaudhry; Naila Gul; Muhammad Hanif Akhtar title: Institutional Determinants of Bilateral Trade Flows: A Panel Data Analysis date: 2020-07-25 words: 8303 flesch: 54 summary: Moreover, institutional homogeneity effect exhibits that bilateral trade flows are positively related with the governance similarity. In Pakistan, no study is done so far on institutional determinants of bilateral trade flows and institutional homogeneity effect on the level of trade for ECO countries by using panel data and gravity trade model. keywords: bilateral; countries; country; distance; eco; flows; gdp; governance; increase; model; pakistan; positive; trade;   cache: reads-67.pdf plain text: reads-67.txt item: #280 of 309 id: reads-68 author: Furrukh Bashir; Hafeez ur Rehman; Rashid Ahmad; 4Ismat Nasim title: Sectoral Investment and Employment Generation in Pakistan: An Econometric Analysis date: 2020-07-25 words: 5394 flesch: 45 summary: In this study, Tax revenue is found to be statistically insignificant with employment labor force. Services sector investment has also causal affect on employment in Pakistan shows that if services sector is developed in Pakistan so there would be effect on Employed labor force. keywords: development; employment; growth; investment; labor; pakistan; run; sector; services; study cache: reads-68.pdf plain text: reads-68.txt item: #281 of 309 id: reads-69 author: Sobia Khuram; Mahmood ul Hassan title: The Calculus of Rural Poverty: Evidence from District Bhakkar – Pakistan date: 2020-07-25 words: 7078 flesch: 54 summary: 4.1 Factors Affecting the Rural Poverty: Regression Analysis Regression analysis is the most commonly used technique to study the contribution of different variables to household poverty (Manual et al. 2005). Determinants of rural household poverty: the role of household socioeconomic empowerment. keywords: dependency; development; economic; household; pakistan; participation; poverty; poverty status; rate; ratio; size; status; study cache: reads-69.pdf plain text: reads-69.txt item: #282 of 309 id: reads-7 author: Javeria Masood; Fatima Farooq; Muhammad Saeed title: CO2 and Environment Change Evidence from Pakistan date: 2020-07-25 words: 7231 flesch: 54 summary: I, No 2, December 2015 60 Figure 4, is showing the results of CO2 emission of selected developing countries for the period of 1970-2011, graphical line are demonstrating that in developing countries CO2 emissions is continuously increasing , while Sri lanka’s emissions is at top , while Pakistan emission level is low as compare to other countries mentioned in the above graph. Chen and Huang (2013) inspected association between CO2 emission and economic growth; they discovered that there is a long-run relationship among electric power consumption, GDP, energy use and CO2 emissions. keywords: co2; consumption; countries; economics; emissions; energy; energy consumption; et al; gdp; growth; run; studies; study cache: reads-7.pdf plain text: reads-7.txt item: #283 of 309 id: reads-70 author: Ayaz Ahmad; Sana Hussan; Muhammad Shoaib Malik title: An Overview of English Language as a Window of Economic Opportunity in Pakistan date: 2020-07-25 words: 7615 flesch: 48 summary: The authors, under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 4.0 Keywords English language teaching, English language economics, Value of English language, Pakistan and English language learning, ELT, TESOL JEL Classification: A10, A11, Z13 Corresponding author’s email address: ayazmardan@gmail.com Recommended citation: Ahmad, A., Hussan, S. and Malik, M. S. (2018). For him economics of language views language as “an optimal communication system”. keywords: benefits; cost; economics; education; english; english language; grin; language; learning; pakistan; planning; policy; study; value cache: reads-70.pdf plain text: reads-70.txt item: #284 of 309 id: reads-71 author: Sulaman Hafeez Siddiqui; Rabia Rasheed; Muhammad Shahid Nawaz; Muhammad Suhail Sharif title: Explaining Survival and Growth of Women Entrepreneurship: Organizational Ecology Perspective date: 2020-07-25 words: 7163 flesch: 38 summary: The resulting social change in turn helps overcome this labor market imperfection which is responsible for relatively low success and earnings of women businesses. The studies confirm that the personality characteristics of business women do not differ much from businessmen in a way that can reduce the success of their business (Kalleberg andLeicht,1991). keywords: business; ecology; entrepreneurship; founding; gender; growth; new; poverty; process; rate; social; studies; women; women entrepreneurship cache: reads-71.pdf plain text: reads-71.txt item: #285 of 309 id: reads-72 author: Muhammed Danyal Khan; Serkan Kaya; Rao Imran Habib title: Global Trends of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) with reference to Online Trade in Pakistan date: 2020-07-25 words: 5142 flesch: 49 summary: Journal homepage: www.publishing.globalcsrc.org/reads Global Trends of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) with reference to Online Trade in Pakistan 1 Muhammed Danyal Khan, 2 Serkan Kaya, 3 Rao Imran Habib 1 Doctoral Researcher, Brunel University London College of Business, Arts and Social Sciences, Department of Politics, History and the Brunel Law School, Pakistan. Online trade has systematically entered in Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) keywords: commerce; dispute; dispute resolution; internet; odr; online; pakistan; parties; regulation; resolution; trade cache: reads-72.pdf plain text: reads-72.txt item: #286 of 309 id: reads-73 author: Hajra Shaheen; Hukamdad Malik; Wajeeha Aurangzeb title: Learning styles preferences and diagnostics at higher education level: A comparative perspective among three faculties date: 2020-07-25 words: 4814 flesch: 44 summary: Conceptual Framework The primary focus of Grasha-Reichmann model is the attitude of the students towards, activities conducted in classroom, learning, teachers and fellow mates; Grasha-Reichmann highlighted the enhanced ability to communicate with others, organize materials and to solve a problem rather than investigating connection between student style, achievement and methods. Learning styles of students do not measure a single aspect of student personality. keywords: languages; learning; learning styles; management; preferences; sciences; social; students; styles; teaching cache: reads-73.pdf plain text: reads-73.txt item: #287 of 309 id: reads-74 author: Samra Khalid; Nabila Asghar title: Measuring Socioeconomic Stratification and Mobility Pattern: A Case Study of Intra-Generational and Intra-Temporal Household Mobility of Southern Punjab, Pakistan date: 2020-07-25 words: 4819 flesch: 44 summary: This study estimates the household transformation pattern through leakage or injection in terms of intra-generational, and in the context of intra-temporal household mobility which means that SE resources should be leakage from rich and transferred toward poor and struggling class of the society. Occupation (head of household occupation score) 3. Income deflator (deflate current income as base year of 2000 value because of age and economic cycle constraint assumption, use GDP deflator index of 2016-17 =256.25 to deflate back year GDP deflator index of 2000-2001 = 108.02 2 (reference year) keywords: household; income; intra; mobility; punjab; strata; stratification; study; transformation; year cache: reads-74.pdf plain text: reads-74.txt item: #288 of 309 id: reads-75 author: Muhammad Abbas; Allah Bakhsh Khan; Salman Abbas; Zeeshan Mahmood title: Determinants of Cost Efficiency of Takaful and Conventional Insurance Firms of Pakistan date: 2020-07-25 words: 6388 flesch: 54 summary: There are quite number of studies on conventional insurance efficiency but novisible studies is observed on the efficiency of takaful operators as compared to their counterpart. Adu, et al (2011) assessed insurance companies efficiencies in Ghana from the period of 2006 to 2008 and reported as the average efficiency score of life insurance in Ghana was higher than that of non-life insurance firms. keywords: analysis; cost; data; dea; efficiency; firms; industry; insurance; insurance firms; pakistan; scores; takaful; variable cache: reads-75.pdf plain text: reads-75.txt item: #289 of 309 id: reads-76 author: Abdul Qayyum Khan; Muhammad Haroon Hafeez; Naima Saleem; Muhammad Azam title: Exploring the Impact of Financial Development on Inequality: Evidence from Three Asian Countries date: 2020-07-25 words: 8053 flesch: 53 summary: National income improves inequality for Bangladesh but have insignificant affect on income inequality for India and Pakistan. In addition, the issue of inequality has received greater attention by International Labor Organization (ILO), United Nations (UN) and World Bank who have acknowledged that economic growth and well being of any nation or region is largely reliant on diminishing income inequality (Ortiz and Cummins, 2011). keywords: bangladesh; countries; development; economic; financial; gdp; growth; i(0; income; income inequality; india; inequality; pakistan; variables cache: reads-76.pdf plain text: reads-76.txt item: #290 of 309 id: reads-77 author: Muhammad Waqas; Mian Muhammad Saleem title: Land Reforms in Central Asia: The Transition from Production Cooperatives to Services Cooperatives date: 2020-07-26 words: 1792 flesch: 46 summary: It was intended that the privatization program would be extended towards agriculture sector and land reforms would be introduced. Land Reforms in Central Asia: The Transition from Production Cooperatives to Services Cooperatives. keywords: cooperatives; land; production; reforms; services cache: reads-77.pdf plain text: reads-77.txt item: #291 of 309 id: reads-78 author: Fayyaz Ahmad Ranjha; Muhammad Khalid Mahmood; Intzar Hussain Butt title: Use and Utility of Teacher Guides for Primary School Teachers in Punjab date: 2020-07-26 words: 3446 flesch: 60 summary: 3.7 Suggestions to improve teacher guides In response to the question, “How to improve teacher guide?” Keeping in view teachers’ responses on teacher guides provided to them by government of the Punjab and Literature on nature and composition of teacher guides (Cunningsworth and Kusel1991; Jones, 1998; Hemsley, 1997; Romiszowski, 1968), it can be claimed that composition and content of teacher guide under discussion are up to the mark and useful. keywords: development; guides; learning; psts; punjab; teacher; teaching; use cache: reads-78.pdf plain text: reads-78.txt item: #292 of 309 id: reads-79 author: Atiq Ur Rahman; Fayaz Ali Shah; Shahid Jan title: The Moderating Role of Supervisory Support in the Relationship of Emotional Intelligence and Job Performance of Pharmaceutical Sales Representatives date: 2020-07-26 words: 5796 flesch: 49 summary: Emotional intelligence research within human resource development scholarship. Some researchers found that emotional intelligence negatively related to JP (Mitrofan, & Cioricaru, 2014). keywords: intelligence; job; journal; performance; psrs; relationship; research; role; sales; support cache: reads-79.pdf plain text: reads-79.txt item: #293 of 309 id: reads-8 author: Adenike E. Idowu; Emmanuel O. Amoo; Idowu I. Chiazor; Olujide Adekeye title: Psychosocial Health of Adolescent living in Urban Slum Nigeria date: 2020-07-25 words: 5008 flesch: 45 summary: At neighbourhood Level- we utilized variables that capture neighbourhood social environment. Discussion This study extends upon previous assertions concerning the impact of urban social environment on psychosocial health problems among urban youth living in slums. keywords: adolescent; development; health; journal; living; neighbourhood; performance; slum; social; study; urban cache: reads-8.pdf plain text: reads-8.txt item: #294 of 309 id: reads-80 author: Muhammad Nadeem Javed; Muhammad Hameed Nawaz; Muhammad Latif Javed; Muhammad Javed title: Implementation of School Improvement Plan through Results Based Management: A Framework to Practice date: 2020-07-26 words: 4675 flesch: 52 summary: The core of school Improvement is the process of making school effective, (Jeilu, 2010, p.173), states “school improvement is an activity to improve the input and process in order to improve teaching learning and students result”. School improvement is commonly defined as the overall efforts to make schools healthier places for learners to study in and the different tactic for educational variation that enrich students’ outcome as well as managing change. keywords: development; implementation; improvement; management; performance; plan; rbm; results; school; school improvement; sip; study cache: reads-80.pdf plain text: reads-80.txt item: #295 of 309 id: reads-81 author: Imran Khan; Ali Shan Shah; Muhammad Azhar title: Political Stability and Institutionalization in Pakistan: An Overview of Major Political Developments during 2008-2016 date: 2020-07-26 words: 5020 flesch: 43 summary: Particularly, researchers believe that the political stability and political developments are necessary in a democratic government and political parties generate the process of political development (Lei, 2013). Political development in a state depends on political participation while political participation depends on institutionalization. keywords: amendment; development; government; institutionalization; march; pakistan; participation; parties; pml; politics; stability cache: reads-81.pdf plain text: reads-81.txt item: #296 of 309 id: reads-82 author: Koire Twaha; Arshad Ali Bhatti; Hasnain Abbas Naqvi title: Impacts of Oil Discovery on Households in Uganda: A CGE Analysis date: 2020-07-26 words: 4574 flesch: 60 summary: The authors, under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Keywords Model, Nonrenewable Resources, Oil extraction, Oil export, Consumers’ welfare JEL Classification: C68, E16, I31, L72, O13, Q30, Q32, Q35, Q38, Q39, Q43 Corresponding author‟s email address: arshad_bhatti@iiu.edu.pk Recommended citation: Twaha, K., Bhatti, A. A. and Naqvi, H. A. (2019). For example, Hirsch, Bezdek, and Wendling (2005) and Holland (2008) found increasing prices of oil and volatility to have negative economic, political and social consequences. Studies on the impact of oil export mainly focus on economic performance. keywords: hhd; households; impact; income; inequality; oil; poverty; simulation; table; welfare cache: reads-82.pdf plain text: reads-82.txt item: #297 of 309 id: reads-83 author: Uzma Akhtar; Bashir Hussain title: An Analysis of Existence of Localization for the Implementation of Triplization in Higher Education Pakistan at Policy and Practice Level date: 2020-07-26 words: 5056 flesch: 34 summary: Collaborative researches on local issues/problems 3.2 1.2 3.2 1.0 Academic credit sharing among local universities 2.7 0.8 2.7 1.4 Existence of Campuses of other national universities 3.2 1.4 3.5 1.0 Inter/intra provincial student enrollment 3.7 1.0 3.9 1.0 Offering of indigenous scholarships 3.7 1.3 3.5 0.8 Review of Economics and Development Studies Vol. 5, No 1, March 2019 54 Following of national standards and benchmarks 4.0 1.1 3.5 0.8 Provision of platform for local research sharing 3.6 1.2 3.5 0.8 Overall Mean and SD 3.4 0.7 3.3 0.6 Mean values of localized aspect of institution as mentioned above in section questionnaire from students of Table 2 fall between mean 4.0 (SD=1.1) as agreement towards following of national standards and bench marks till mean 2.7 (SD= 0.8) between disagreement and a no idea note for academic credit sharing among local universities. Table 2: Localized aspects of HEIs Responses from Students (1429) and Teachers (140) Students Teachers Statements M SD M SD Utilization of locally available teachers 3.7 1.1 3.2 1.1 Local alliances for collaborative learning/teaching 3.4 1.3 3.1 1.0 Provision of research facilities at local level 3.5 1.2 3.1 1.0 keywords: cheng; curriculum; development; education; learning; level; localization; mean; students; teachers cache: reads-83.pdf plain text: reads-83.txt item: #298 of 309 id: reads-84 author: Nabila Asghar; Majid Ali; Fatima Farooq; Urooj Talpur title: Delivery of Health Care Service in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Member States and Regional Diversity: A Bootstrap DEA Analysis date: 2020-07-26 words: 4127 flesch: 54 summary: The findings of DEA show that cost efficiency (CE), technical efficiency (TE) and allocative efficiency (AE) of health care system of OIC member countries on average are 0.52, 0.72, and 0.70, respectively. De Cos and Moral-Benito (2009) used 29 industrialized countries to find the determinants of health system efficiency using Data Envelopment (DE). keywords: care; cost; countries; dea; economics; efficiency; health; input; member; oic; studies; system cache: reads-84.pdf plain text: reads-84.txt item: #299 of 309 id: reads-85 author: Shabbir Akbar; Abdul Hameed; Kamran Siddiqui; Mumtaz Khan title: Sensitivity Level of Educational Administrators towards Child Rights date: 2020-07-26 words: 5292 flesch: 52 summary: This sensitivity level towards child rights in terms of provision, protection and participation under United Nation Child Rights Convention (UNCRC) was assessed through knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) model. The cognizance of this need necessitates to layout ways of improvement for child rights. keywords: administrators; attitude; child rights; knowledge; level; participation; practice; protection; provision; rights cache: reads-85.pdf plain text: reads-85.txt item: #300 of 309 id: reads-86 author: Abdul Aziz Khan Niazi ; Tehmina Fiaz Qazi; Abdul Basit; Khurram Saghir Khan title: Curing Expensive Mistakes: Applying ISM on Employees’ Emotional Behaviors in Environment of Mergers date: 2020-07-26 words: 10279 flesch: 54 summary: Processes related to emotions are not usually acknowledged and explained in merger studies. Aim of the study is to apply ISM on disordered chaotic hierarchy of employees‟ emotional behaviors that result in failed mergers. keywords: acquisitions; behaviors; development; employees; et al; insecurity; international; ism; job; journal; level; management; mergers; review; studies; study cache: reads-86.pdf plain text: reads-86.txt item: #301 of 309 id: reads-87 author: Samar Fahd; Rubina Hanif title: Determinants of Marital Flourishing among Married Individuals: An Asian Perspective date: 2020-07-26 words: 7304 flesch: 36 summary: The fact is worth mentioning here that most of the literature on emotions has been predominantly focusing western cultures and depicting contradictory findings in terms of emotion expressivity and quality of marital relationship. In this study, we observe the determinants of flourishing within marital relationship, in a national representative sample of husbands Review of Economics and Development Studies Vol. 5, No 1, March 2019 97 and wives in Pakistan. keywords: dimension; emotions; expression; expressivity; flourishing; husbands; individual; journal; orientation; relationship; research; social; study; wives cache: reads-87.pdf plain text: reads-87.txt item: #302 of 309 id: reads-88 author: Muhammad Shahid Nawaz; Sulaman Hafeez Siddiqui; Rabia Rasheed; Syed M. Javed Iqbal title: Managing Turnover Intentions among Faculty of Higher Education Using Human Resource Management and Career Growth Practices date: 2020-07-26 words: 7193 flesch: 46 summary: Therefore, more attention should be paid on the relationship between HRM practices, career growth practices and employee turnover intention to understand the specific factors that are responsible for employees‟ turnover decision. Different conclusions have been found for example, researchers claimed that, salary, training & development and performance appraisal has a negative effect on employee turnover intention, which confirm that, when an employee perceives better salaries and good training programs for their career development and fair performance management system within the organization, they are less likely to leave the organization (Abdulkareem et al., 2015; Thirapatsakun et al., 2015; Naqvi & Bashir, 2015; Kadiresan, Selamat, Selladurai, & Spr, 2015; Rubel & Kee, 2015). keywords: career; career growth; commitment; development; growth; intention; management; performance; practices; relationship; studies; study; turnover; turnover intention cache: reads-88.pdf plain text: reads-88.txt item: #303 of 309 id: reads-89 author: Muhammad Shahid Maqbool; Hafeez ur Rehman; Furrukh Bashir; Rashid Ahmad title: Investigating Pakistan’s Revealed Comparative Advantage and competitiveness in Cotton Sector date: 2020-07-26 words: 5534 flesch: 52 summary: It is given by the difference between Revealed export advantage index (RCA) and Revealed import advantage index( RMA). A study conducted by Erkan and Kazim (2014) measured the competitiveness of the export of science based goods of Turkey from 1993 to 2012 by utilizing several revealed comparative advantage indices. keywords: advantage; competitiveness; cotton; economics; export; index; pakistan; rca; sector; study; trade; world cache: reads-89.pdf plain text: reads-89.txt item: #304 of 309 id: reads-9 author: Macleans Mzumara title: Inter-Industry Comparative Advantage of Sudan date: 2020-07-25 words: 4034 flesch: 57 summary: Industries have insignificant number of product codes in which they have comparative advantage. Exports earnings are not linked to the number of product codes in which comparative advantage exists. keywords: advantage; code; industry; product; rca; sudan; table cache: reads-9.pdf plain text: reads-9.txt item: #305 of 309 id: reads-90 author: Naureen Akhtar; Atia Madni; Rao Imran Habib title: Shari’ah Appraisal of Mortgage backed Sukuk issued by Financial Institutions for House Financing in Naya Pakistan Housing Program: An Analytical Study date: 2020-07-26 words: 6013 flesch: 65 summary: Before possession contract of rahn is not lāzim for rāhin. Finally, suggestions have been put forward to issue mortgage backed securities for house financing project to the government of Pakistan. keywords: contract; financing; mortgage; murtahin; n.d; pakistan; possession; property; rahn; sharīʻah; sukuk; vol cache: reads-90.pdf plain text: reads-90.txt item: #306 of 309 id: reads-92 author: Tehmina Sattar; Muhammad Imdad Ullah; Muhammad Qasim; Imtiaz Ahmad Warraich title: Role of Job Designs in Determining Employees’ Work Motivation in Banking Sector of Multan City, Pakistan date: 2020-07-26 words: 6023 flesch: 46 summary: In accordance, Herzberg (1966) believed thathygiene factors causes’ dissatisfaction among employees which can be eliminated by providing them better pay scale, ensuring employee job security and create positive working conditions in an organization. This study was based on boredom as a major factor for demotivating bank employees as they do the same kind of jobs such as cashiers, depositors and loan payment procedures. keywords: bank; employees; ewm; jds; job; motivation; sector; study; work; working cache: reads-92.pdf plain text: reads-92.txt item: #307 of 309 id: reads-93 author: Muhammad Zahir Faridi; Khawaja Asif Mehmood; Ali Azam title: Foreign Inflows and Poverty in Pakistan: A Quantitative Approach date: 2020-07-26 words: 4921 flesch: 61 summary: This investment is dispensed for addressing poverty issues. Journal homepage: www.publishing.globalcsrc.org/reads Foreign Inflows and Poverty in Pakistan: keywords: causality; cointegration; development; economic; fdi; growth; investment; pakistan; poverty; review; run cache: reads-93.pdf plain text: reads-93.txt item: #308 of 309 id: reads-94 author: Muhammad Ramzan Sheikh; Ruth Kattumuri; Imran Sharif Chaudhry; Abodh Kumar title: What Determines Bilateral Trade Flows? Evidence from ECO Region date: 2020-07-26 words: 8880 flesch: 51 summary: A lot of empirical work has been done to explore the determinants of bilateral trade in various regions of the world but we have found a few studies on bilateral trade flows in ECO region for example Achakzai, 2006 Sheikh et al., 2018). Bilateral trade flows have remained at low levels but intra-regional trade potential exists in the ECO countries. keywords: bilateral; countries; country; determinants; development; distance; economic; flows; gravity; gravity model; income; model; pakistan; population; review; studies; trade; variable cache: reads-94.pdf plain text: reads-94.txt item: #309 of 309 id: reads-96 author: Muhammad Farhan Basheer; Muhammad Haroon Hafeez ; Raza Ali; Shahzad Akhtar title: The Paradox of Managerial Dividend Policy in Corporate Malaysia date: 2020-07-26 words: 5213 flesch: 57 summary: When asked about the most influential personality in firm’s DP formulation, 89 percent replied he is CEO .78 percent of the firms are paying dividend annually.53 percent firms has an explicit payout ratio.94 percent of the respondent are actively involved in DP development and 66 percent respondent are finance managers. Malaysian firm managers consider dividend decisions as a signal of firm future decisions (I18, I17). keywords: baker; dividend; economics; firms; managers; policy; studies; study; theory; vol cache: reads-96.pdf plain text: reads-96.txt