item: #1 of 99 id: rera-1164 author: Patzelt, Anke; Winter, Elke title: Transatlantic Perspectives on Citizenship and Diversity: An Introduction date: 2017-05-20 words: 4015 flesch: 40 summary: These two countries tend to be portrayed as being located at opposing poles of the definitions of nationhood and, thus, of immigration, integration, and citizenship policies (Bauder 2011; Brubaker 1989). As such, the paper does not only provides insight into recent changes in citizenship policies in Germany, but also offers a fruitful theoretical foundation for more successfully analyzing immigrant incorporation, as well as debates around migration in Germany and in other liberal nation-states. keywords: canada; citizenship; european; germany; integration; migration; new; paper; states cache: rera-1164.pdf plain text: rera-1164.txt item: #2 of 99 id: rera-1182 author: Valenza, Domenico title: Transparency in Commodity-Rich Countries: Is State Ownership to Blame? date: 2019-01-23 words: 7315 flesch: 47 summary: As a result, they have concluded that under state ownership transparency should not be expected. Analysis: explaining different levels of transparency under state ownership Evidence from RGI data confirms that Norway is at present a leader in resource transparency. keywords: countries; data; disclosure; european; governance; norway; oil; ownership; resource; review; russia; sector; state; transparency cache: rera-1182.pdf plain text: rera-1182.txt item: #3 of 99 id: rera-1190 author: Margolin, Andrey title: Criteria and Methodologies for Assessing Efficiency of Environmental Government Programs in the Russian Federation date: 2017-10-01 words: 8149 flesch: 37 summary: Ex post evaluation of government programs The guidelines for government program evaluation (Metodicheskie ukazaniya 2013) state that the quintessence of ex post evaluation is the need to assess the extent to which the goals and objectives of separate program activities and the government program as a whole are achieved, as well as the ratio of actual to planned budget expenditure. Using theoretically grounded methodologies for program evaluation would allow us to debunk the myth that the assimilative capacity of the natural environment is practically endless, and to minimize the chances of managerial decisions being focused on short-term gains rather than informed by the assessment of possible long-term impacts. 2) An examination of two Russian government programs, Pure Water and Water Industry Development, allows to identify specific drawbacks of the current approaches to ex ante appraisal and ex post evaluation of environmental programs, such as:  non-compliance of the target indicator selection methodology to the SMART principle;  underestimation of the significance of budget efficiency indicators for funding-related decision- making; and,  application of insufficiently justified simplifications when evaluating the ex post performance of government programs. keywords: affairs; european; evaluation; extent; government; implementation; indicators; program; rating; review; russian; target; values; water cache: rera-1190.pdf plain text: rera-1190.txt item: #4 of 99 id: rera-1191 author: Margolin, Andrey; Krasnoshchekov, Valentin title: Accommodation of Interests of the State, Business and Civil Society in Environmental Projects Implemented Through Public Private Partnership in the Russian Federation date: 2017-10-01 words: 9018 flesch: 39 summary: To develop a methodology for the evaluation of the social return on investment for environmental projects, taking into account the balance of financial and non-financial outcomes;  To involve concerned representatives of civil society in the discussion of environment- oriented projects at preliminary stages using crowdsourcing techniques;  To identify multiplicative effects and provide a quantitative assessment of their impact on investment decision-making concerning the feasibility of environmental PPP projects;  To maintain continuity of assessment of social and commercial outcomes of environmental PPP projects, which would contribute to the accommodation of the participants’ long-term interests. 4 Review of European and Russian Affairs 11 (2), 2017 Methodology The opinions of Russian economists on the topic of PPP have undergone a certain evolution over the last 20 years. Of course, the involvement of the population in the social evaluation of environmental PPP projects through crowdsourcing technologies cannot be for free, despite the fact that crowdsourcing itself has its roots in volunteerism which does not presume payment for participation in community service. keywords: assessment; construction; effects; efficiency; european; evaluation; implementation; investment; partner; ppp; ppp projects; project; public; rate; russian; social; state cache: rera-1191.pdf plain text: rera-1191.txt item: #5 of 99 id: rera-1192 author: Makarov, Igor; Sokolova, Anna title: Carbon Emissions Embodied in Russia’s Trade: Implications for Climate Policy1 date: 2017-10-01 words: 9045 flesch: 50 summary: According to Peters et al. (2011), net embodied emissions exports from developing to developed countries increased from 0.4 Gt CO2 in 1990 to 1.6 Gt CO2 in 2008, which exceeds the Kyoto Protocol emission reductions. Main findings Emissions embodied in Russia’s exports and imports Currently, Russia ranks fourth in the world (after China, the United States and India7) in the production of carbon emissions, and if taking into account land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF), it is probably behind Brazil and Indonesia. keywords: accounting; carbon; china; climate; co2; consumption; countries; emissions; european; exports; imports; international; production; responsibility; review; russia; trade; world cache: rera-1192.pdf plain text: rera-1192.txt item: #6 of 99 id: rera-1193 author: Margolin, Andrey title: Introduction to Volume 11 (2) date: 2017-10-01 words: 903 flesch: 26 summary: INTRODUCTION Review of European and Russian Affairs 11 (2), 2017 ISSN 1718-4835 INTRODUCTION Andrey Margolin1 Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration The articles in this issue deal with urgent issues that result from the current practice of managerial decision-making concerning environmental policies and exploitation of natural resources. The authors hope that these articles will contribute to a better mutual understanding among policymakers and business leaders, civil society groups, and researchers worldwide who see the problems of environmental preservation as a top priority. keywords: european; research; russian cache: rera-1193.pdf plain text: rera-1193.txt item: #7 of 99 id: rera-1230 author: D'Erman, Valerie; Verdun, Amy title: Introduction: Integration Through Crises date: 2018-03-20 words: 8180 flesch: 51 summary: But as has been seen when analysing other EU crises, the developments away from the eye-catching news headlines may still paint a different picture. This characteristic puts the pressure of the crisis on response tactics, but lessens the need to justify the entire undertaking of EU integration. keywords: affairs; area; crisis; european; events; governance; integration; member; policy; political; public; review; risk; states; union cache: rera-1230.pdf plain text: rera-1230.txt item: #8 of 99 id: rera-1231 author: Cherry, Keith title: Crisis, Contestation and Social Order in Europe: A Sympoietic Analysis date: 2018-03-15 words: 8430 flesch: 48 summary: Drawing on cellular biology, ecology, and planning theory, Dempster elaborates: in contrast to their autopoietic cousins, sympoietic systems are “conceptually ajar” – neither totally open nor totally closed (2000, 6). Instead of cycles where violence begets violence, sympoietic systems generate cycles of reciprocity (Tully 2018). keywords: affairs; authority; boundaries; control; crisis; dynamic; european; law; order; power; review; social; system; union cache: rera-1231.pdf plain text: rera-1231.txt item: #9 of 99 id: rera-1232 author: Climie, Cameron title: The European Stability Mechanism and the IMF: From the Enhanced Cooperation to Embedded Supervisor date: 2018-03-15 words: 8481 flesch: 45 summary: As Schwarzer notes, this left euro area leaders with four policy options in 2010: negotiate bilateral IMF loans to member states, package IMF lending with bilateral loans from other euro members, devise a crisis resolution mechanism that incorporated the IMF, or provide financial aid and crisis management without the IMF’s involvement (Schwarzer 2015, 9). The first option proved unworkable; the scale of the crisis in Greece, and its threatened escalation to Italy and Iberia, was such that exclusively IMF lending could not stem market panic about euro area debt. keywords: area; commission; crisis; emu; esm; euro area; european; fund; governance; imf; lending; members; policy; preferences; states cache: rera-1232.pdf plain text: rera-1232.txt item: #10 of 99 id: rera-1233 author: Foster, Chase title: Economic Patriotism After the Crisis: Explaining Continuity and Change in European Securities Enforcement date: 2018-03-15 words: 9740 flesch: 42 summary: 2 Review of European and Russian Affairs 12(1), 2018 Introduction Since 2008, European financial market regulation has been transformed. “Resilient neo-liberalism in European financial regulation.” keywords: affairs; approach; banks; crisis; enforcement; european; financial; france; french; germany; market; new; policy; regulation; review; securities; trading cache: rera-1233.pdf plain text: rera-1233.txt item: #11 of 99 id: rera-1234 author: Drago, Alessandro title: Towards a New EU: Why Populism Can Save the European Union date: 2018-03-15 words: 7869 flesch: 55 summary: This grievance was invoked more than others such as economic grievances by populist right parties (Ivarsflaten 2008, 17). THE ROLE OF IDEAS, INTERESTS AND INSTITUTIONS Review of European and Russian Affairs 12 (1), 2018 ISSN 1718-4835 TOWARDS A NEW EU: WHY POPULISM CAN SAVE THE EUROPEAN UNION Alessandro Giuseppe Drago McGill University Abstract Europe has seen an alarming increase of populist parties throughout the last two decades. keywords: democracy; doi; european; kriesi; left; national; parties; politics; populism; right; social; support; union; wing cache: rera-1234.pdf plain text: rera-1234.txt item: #12 of 99 id: rera-1310 author: Shaban, Tatsiana title: The European Union’s Policy towards its Eastern Neighbours: The Crisis in Ukraine date: 2018-12-20 words: 8276 flesch: 51 summary: Moreover, critics of EU policies in Ukraine argue that linkages between the EU and EaP countries (even if increasing) do not necessarily translate into reform (Solonenko and Shapovalova 2011; Maksak 2015). Likewise, the question remains whether EU policies and related actions are resulting in sustainable policy change in Ukraine. keywords: affairs; cooperation; development; eap; eastern; enp; european; governance; government; neighbourhood; policy; regional; review; russian; security; ukraine; ukrainian cache: rera-1310.pdf plain text: rera-1310.txt item: #13 of 99 id: rera-155 author: Portela, Clara title: Aid Suspensions as Coercive Tools? The European Union’s Experience in the AfricanCaribbean-Pacific (ACP) Context date: 2007-08-01 words: 7571 flesch: 49 summary: EU aid sanctions operate differently from the classical trade embargo. Finally, bilateral co-operation programmes remain unaffected by EU development aid suspensions, which only concern Community funds. keywords: aid; article; cases; consultations; development; development aid; european; measures; rights; sanctions; suspension cache: rera-155.pdf plain text: rera-155.txt item: #14 of 99 id: rera-156 author: Lavallée, Chantal title: La gouvernance de la sécurité au sein de l’UE : un nouveau défi pour le Canada date: 2007-08-01 words: 7011 flesch: 56 summary: Dans l’esprit de la stratégie européenne de sécurité, c’est un véritable exercice de coordination qui se met en branle entre les Directions générales du Commerce, de l’Aide humanitaire, du Développement, de l’Élargissement, des Relations extérieures et des délégations de la Commission à travers le monde; sans négliger le rôle de gestionnaire de la Commission en matière du budget PESC/PESD, concernant les aspects administratifs et civils. le besoin de garder une maîtrise des dossiers, a ouvert le processus quant à l’UE, sa structure même bouscule les paramètres traditionnels de la gestion des dossiers, y compris celui de la sécurité. keywords: acteurs; canada; dans; des; défense; entre; est; european; européenne; les; l’ue; par; pas; pour; que; qui; relations; sein; sur; sécurité; tanks; think; une cache: rera-156.pdf plain text: rera-156.txt item: #15 of 99 id: rera-157 author: Preece, Daniel V. title: Harmonisation through Neglect: The Federal Nature of European Employment Policy date: 2005-05-01 words: 5010 flesch: 45 summary: Currently, the institutional arrangement governing employment policies in the EU conforms to this approach; while employment policy is still placed within the realm of national competence, the inclusion of the Employment Chapter in the treaty framework declares it a matter of joint concern for the EU and compels the member-states to co- ordinate and harmonise their behaviour (Scharpf 1999, 158-9). In the second section, this paper constructs the methodological perspective of critical federalism and in the final section, this paper concludes by identifying the federal characteristics of the current operation of European employment policy. keywords: economy; employment; european; federalism; integration; member; policy; political; states cache: rera-157.pdf plain text: rera-157.txt item: #16 of 99 id: rera-158 author: Aervitz, Irina title: Elites in Transition: The Case of Privatization in Veliky Novgorod, Russia date: 2005-05-01 words: 5185 flesch: 61 summary: This paper deals with one group of the nomenklatura elite – top enterprise managers. The Nomenklatura consisted of the Party members, Komsomol members, and managers of enterprises. keywords: defense; enterprises; factory; industry; novgorod; privatization; russian; soviet; veliky cache: rera-158.pdf plain text: rera-158.txt item: #17 of 99 id: rera-159 author: Wiśniewski, Jakub title: Convergence toward the European Social Model? Impact of EU accession on Polish social policy date: 2005-05-01 words: 10105 flesch: 47 summary: Although the debate over European social policy has been going on for a very long time, there is no consensus about the concrete definition of ESM. European social policy has developed in response to political and economic integration, which in turn was partly triggered by such socio-economic factors as globalisation and demographic changes, followed by modifications in the employment structure. keywords: affairs; community; december; employment; european; european commission; labour; market; member; national; poland; policy; polish; review; rights; social; state; vol; welfare cache: rera-159.pdf plain text: rera-159.txt item: #18 of 99 id: rera-160 author: Diawara, Karounga title: L’apport du règlement 1/2003 : décentralisation et homogénéisation du droit européen de la concurrence date: 2005-05-01 words: 5392 flesch: 46 summary: Enfin, une autre raison non moins déterminante reste la promotion d’une application harmonisée et efficace du droit de la concurrence obéissant au principe de subsidiarité qui promeut une intervention communautaire seulement là où elle se révèle plus efficace et plus déterminante que celle des États membres4. Le règlement 1/2003 : vers une fédéralisation, une communautarisation, ou une renationalisation du droit de la concurrence? keywords: articles; commission; communautaire; concurrence; dans; des; droit; est; les; l’article; par; pour; que; qui; règlement; sur; système; traité; une cache: rera-160.pdf plain text: rera-160.txt item: #19 of 99 id: rera-161 author: Baskoy, Tuna title: Effective Competition and EU Competition Law date: 2005-05-01 words: 6193 flesch: 49 summary: First, despite its possible failures and negative consequences, theory of effective competition still defends market competition and puts it over everything else. The EU does not see free market competition or a laissez-faire model premising on capitalist markets as a panacea to all problems due to self-destructive nature of market competition (CEC: 1958, p. 59). keywords: clark; competition; economic; european; law; market; policy; review; theory; vol cache: rera-161.pdf plain text: rera-161.txt item: #20 of 99 id: rera-162 author: Paudyn, Bartholomew; Hüebner, Kurt title: Introduction: Common Markets and Common Currency: EU Integration and Its Outcomes date: 2006-03-01 words: 957 flesch: 54 summary: More so, price integration between the countries under observation (Austria, Finland, and Sweden) is less pronounced than price integration with the biggest economy of the EU, namely Germany. 2 issue 1/2006 © RERA 2006 all rights reserved 2 In 2007, the process of European integration will celebrate its 50th anniversary. keywords: integration cache: rera-162.pdf plain text: rera-162.txt item: #21 of 99 id: rera-163 author: Paudyn, Bartholomew title: Risking the Stability of EMU: the Asymmetric Application of the Stability and Growth Pact date: 2006-03-01 words: 8212 flesch: 47 summary: Granted that money is the ultimate expression of political power relations, problematizing European monetary governance allows us to better understand how power functions. By altering the administration and objects of risk governance the audit is perceived as reducing the susceptibility to failure. keywords: affairs; affairs vol; audit; emu; european; governance; issue; monetary; power; rera; review; rights; risk; sgp; vol cache: rera-163.pdf plain text: rera-163.txt item: #22 of 99 id: rera-164 author: Viju, Crina; Nolan, James; Kerr, William A title: Common Markets Measuring Price Integration in European Agricultural Markets date: 2006-03-01 words: 7146 flesch: 55 summary: A stronger version of LOP argues that market prices will eventually equalize between separate regions, when accounting for transport costs, trade restrictions and other transaction costs. Figure 1 is based on barley prices for Germany and Finland for the period Jan 1995 – Dec 2004 and is an illustration of integrated market prices. keywords: affairs; agricultural; countries; european; integration; issue; market; price; rera; review; trade; vol cache: rera-164.pdf plain text: rera-164.txt item: #23 of 99 id: rera-165 author: Diawara, Karounga title: Politique de la concurrence et intégration des marchés intérieurs : analyse comparative entre les perspectives canadienne et européenne (U.E) date: 2006-03-01 words: 5430 flesch: 51 summary: Il est relatif à la différence qui a caractérisé l’apparition des politiques de la concurrence en Europe et au Canada (1.1). 2 issue 1/2006 © RERA 2006 all rights reserved 60 différent va rejaillir sur la priorité assignée à la politique de la concurrence. keywords: affairs; canada; cette; concurrence; dans; des; d’un; european; européenne; issue; les; marché; politique; pour; qui; rera; review; une; vol; économique cache: rera-165.pdf plain text: rera-165.txt item: #24 of 99 id: rera-166 author: Soroka, Ihor title: The Effect of Membership in the European Monetary Union on Trade Between Member Countries (An Empirical Study) date: 2006-03-01 words: 8941 flesch: 62 summary: It leads to the conclusion that the fact that countries that joined EMU trade more with each other cannot be attributed to the adoption of the euro. Rose (2000) estimated this effect using trade data for 186 countries over the period from 1970 till 1990. keywords: countries; currency; data; effect; emu; european; members; monetary; rose; trade; union cache: rera-166.pdf plain text: rera-166.txt item: #25 of 99 id: rera-167 author: Mérand, Frédéric; Gänzle, Stephan title: Introduction date: 2006-06-01 words: 988 flesch: 46 summary: The theoretical contribution of Papic’s article is superb: his case suggests that the importance of “supportive strategies” in harnessing Eastern European countries to the West may have been underestimated in the growing literature on EU-spurred conditionality, which emphasizes reinforcement by reward and (soft) coercion. The three articles selected for this issue deal with some of the most central topics of this particular policy area: the development of a strategic culture in the EU and its member states (as compared to the United States), the EU involvement in stabilizing the South-Eastern Balkan, and, last but not least, the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) and Ukraine in matters of migration management. keywords: affairs; european; issue cache: rera-167.pdf plain text: rera-167.txt item: #26 of 99 id: rera-168 author: Zyla, Benjamin title: How the EU supports the Bush doctrine date: 2006-06-01 words: 9020 flesch: 57 summary: ‘Wilsonian’ became a label for a style of U.S. foreign policy that is committed to internationalism and moralism in world politics that were dedicated to extending democracies. However, critics and proponents of ‘Wilsoniansm’ are united in the view that the former president indeed had the largest long term vision of the nation’s future.25 For President Woodrow Wilson the justification for U.S. global engagements was messianic and a long-term oriented vision for U.S. foreign policy. keywords: affairs; american; european; foreign; international; new; policy; power; review; security; september; states; strategy; u.s; united; world cache: rera-168.pdf plain text: rera-168.txt item: #27 of 99 id: rera-169 author: Zhyznomirska, Lyubov title: Externalities of the EU Immigration and Asylum Policy: The Case of Ukraine date: 2006-06-01 words: 9290 flesch: 47 summary: Drawing on the literature on Europeanization and policy transfer, these authors argue that EU immigration policies produce external effects on non-EU states that deal with the Union. As Lavenex and Uçarer (2004) suggest, EU policies can be designed intentionally to have external effects on third countries (i.e. to purposefully export common policies through bilateral or multilateral agreements). keywords: affairs; asylum; countries; european; immigrants; issue; migration; policy; review; rights; security; states; ukraine; union; vol cache: rera-169.pdf plain text: rera-169.txt item: #28 of 99 id: rera-170 author: Papic, Marko title: “Rolling Up the Sleeves”1 How EU policy towards Serbia and Montenegro acts as the glue that holds the State Union together? date: 2006-06-01 words: 8957 flesch: 51 summary: The case of EU involvement in resolving the Serbia and Montenegro constitutional impasse is an explicit example of the EU using such “supportive strategies…beyond reinforcement by reward… to have a positive impact” and is an empirical contribution to the theoretical dynamics uncovered by Schimmelfennig and Sedelmeier’s seminal contribution to the study of European Integration. 2 issue 2/2006 © RERA 2006 all rights reserved 63 The involvement of Solana and his signing of the Constitution points to the unprecedented level of EU involvement. keywords: affairs; april; conditionality; european; issue; montenegro; policy; review; rights; serbia; state; union; vol cache: rera-170.pdf plain text: rera-170.txt item: #29 of 99 id: rera-171 author: Schmidtke, Oliver; Chira-Pascanut, Constantin title: Introduction: What kind of Europe: Multiculturalism, Migration and Political Community – Lessons from Canada (?) date: 2006-09-01 words: 2481 flesch: 38 summary: 2 issue 3/2006 © RERA 2006 all rights reserved 3 exclusive reference point in determining inclusion and exclusion, granting rights and in providing a sense of political community. The growing incongruence between social and political space raises some fundamental questions about how to redefine the notion of political community. keywords: affairs; community; european; immigration; issue cache: rera-171.pdf plain text: rera-171.txt item: #30 of 99 id: rera-172 author: Zaslove, Andrej title: The Politics of Immigration: a new electoral dilemma for the right and the left? date: 2006-09-01 words: 8380 flesch: 49 summary: I then turn my attention to the evolution of Italian immigration policy in order to investigate whether the empirical evidence demonstrates that such an electoral dilemma exists. In order understand the evolution of Italian immigration policy, it is important to clarify how these new party dynamics influence party politics. keywords: center; european; immigrants; immigration; issue; italy; law; left; new; parties; party; policy; right; vol cache: rera-172.pdf plain text: rera-172.txt item: #31 of 99 id: rera-173 author: Auvachez, Élise title: Citoyenneté européenne, transnationale ou globale : penser la citoyenneté au-delà de l’État. Analyse critique d’un débat date: 2006-09-01 words: 10057 flesch: 54 summary: De nombreux auteurs en effet souligné le rôle de la citoyenneté dans la construction et la consolidation des institutions étatiques La présente communication propose de lire la problématique de la citoyenneté européenne à la lumière d’un prisme élargissant l’intégrant dans un questionnement dépassant le débat spécifiquement européen, celui de la gouvernance supranationale. keywords: affairs; ainsi; cette; citizenship; citoyenneté; comme; conception; dans; de la; des; d’une; est; european; européenne; global; issue; la citoyenneté; les; l’état; nationale; par; perspective; political; politique; rera; review; rights; supranationale; sur; travaux; une; vol cache: rera-173.pdf plain text: rera-173.txt item: #32 of 99 id: rera-174 author: Rudling, Per Anders title: Denmark as the Big Satan: Projections of Scandinavia in the Arab World and the Future of Multiculturalism date: 2006-09-01 words: 14471 flesch: 53 summary: The behavior of the Danish imams confronted multi-ethnic Denmark with a scenario which the architects behind Danish multiculturalism had not planned for. 31 Thomas Buch-Andersen, “Danish Muslims split over cartoons,” BBC News, February 8, 2006. keywords: affairs; affairs vol; cartoons; countries; dagens; danish; democracy; denmark; european; february; freedom; government; immigrants; islam; issue; jyllands; march; muhammad; multiculturalism; muslim; nyheter; posten; rera; review; rights; society; values; vol; world cache: rera-174.pdf plain text: rera-174.txt item: #33 of 99 id: rera-175 author: Vorobyova, Anna title: Integrating Immigrants through the Policy of Multiculturalism as a State’s New Response to the Sovereignty Challenge date: 2006-09-01 words: 10463 flesch: 44 summary: Overall, the book Selling Diversity again supports my choice of discourse analysis as an insightful method of inquiry in the field of state policies on integrating immigrants. Introducing a new case to his comparative framework, first supports his argument about ethnic dilemmas of the liberal democratic states and also contributes to a deeper understanding of how state policies towards immigrants are shaped within broader philosophies of nations. keywords: affairs; canadian; citizenship; discourse; diversity; european; immigrants; issue; multiculturalism; policy; rera; rights; state; vol cache: rera-175.pdf plain text: rera-175.txt item: #34 of 99 id: rera-176 author: Fourot, Aude-Claire title: Le désalignement des politiques d’immigration et d’intégration au sein de l’UE : Hardlaw versus Softlaw? date: 2006-09-01 words: 8446 flesch: 58 summary: une citoyenneté à plusieurs vitesses, avec de nouvelles frontières symboliques autour des allégeances, de la crainte des intrusions étrangères et de l’exclusion » (de Wenden, 1997, 15). En 1997, le traité d’Amsterdam est une étape importante dans le processus de communautarisation de la politique d’immigration au sein de l’Union Européenne. keywords: affairs; aux; ces; chinois; comme; contre; dans; des; d’immigration; d’intégration; est; european; européenne; immigrants; issue; les; l’intégration; l’union; par; paris; pas; politiques; pour; qui; rera; review; rights; sont; sur; une; vol cache: rera-176.pdf plain text: rera-176.txt item: #35 of 99 id: rera-177 author: Zaslove, Andrej; Ozcurumez, Saime title: Introduction: Voting ‘NO”, European Integration and the Nation State: Disintegration, Impasse, or a New Beginning? date: 2006-12-01 words: 1563 flesch: 47 summary: 2 issue 4/2006 © RERA 2006 all rights reserved 2 The French rejection of the European Constitution in May, 2005 and the subsequent No vote in Holland in June, 2005 represented a significant blow to the legitimacy of the European Union and the process of European integration. The three articles in this special issue of the Review of European and Russian Affairs entitled “European Identities and Minorities” address this complicated social and political process of European integration through an examination of nationalism, national identities, state formation, and the process of inclusion and exclusion. keywords: european; integration; process cache: rera-177.pdf plain text: rera-177.txt item: #36 of 99 id: rera-178 author: Tesler-Mabe, Hernan title: The Union of Laughter and Forgetting? The European Union and the Construction of its own History date: 2006-12-01 words: 7199 flesch: 55 summary: In this bifurcated yet single- minded pursuit, whether discussing the founders of European integration, their aims and ambitions, the steps that have led to the present condition of European integration, or reflecting upon the achievements of European Union, these authors have shown a marked inconsistency and a cavalier approach to European history. In this article, I undertake a close study of a set of documents published by the European Communities between 1986 and 2000.3 Written by authors closely connected to the project of European integration in a format and style suitable for general consumption, bearing the EU imprimatur and dealing extensively with the history of European integration and European history as a whole, these documents serve as a window into an integrationist literature that has aimed at helping to create a unified Europe and to construct a shared European history. keywords: affairs; european; european communities; european union; fontaine; history; integration; issue; publications; rera; review; vol cache: rera-178.pdf plain text: rera-178.txt item: #37 of 99 id: rera-179 author: Raney, Tracey title: An Ever Further Apart Union? National and European Attachments in the European Union date: 2006-12-01 words: 7094 flesch: 59 summary: For example, while national identities may have an emotive component to them (or a ‘thickness’), European identities may be more diffuse, carrying less emotional baggage and more utilitarian weight. Methodological Considerations This article seeks to contribute to the unresolved discussion concerning the influence of national identities on European identity by closely examining the degree to which national identities impede attachments to Europe. keywords: affairs; country; european; identities; identity; issue; national; union; vol cache: rera-179.pdf plain text: rera-179.txt item: #38 of 99 id: rera-180 author: Young, Jason R title: Roma in Europe: Human Rights or Humans Out of Sight? date: 2006-12-01 words: 8723 flesch: 51 summary: Roma rights: Rights, justice, and strategies for equality. It is argued that the unwillingness to address the issue of Roma exclusion on the local level within specific countries possesses the effect of creating a two-tier citizenship regime that possess the capacity for unraveling the social and intellectual aims of the European Project. keywords: affairs; affairs vol; citizenship; czech; european; exclusion; gypsies; gypsy; issue; rera; review; rights; roma; society; vol cache: rera-180.pdf plain text: rera-180.txt item: #39 of 99 id: rera-181 author: Kalev, Leif; Ruutsoo, Rein title: Marginal Stories? The Perspectives on Citizenship of Multiple Citizens and Multicultural Persons of Estonia date: 2007-04-01 words: 12858 flesch: 46 summary: The individuals with multiple citizenship usually belong to the privileged group who, having obtained Estonian citizenship by birth, cannot in principle be deprived of the Estonian citizenship. In the previous stages of research on this topic primary attention was paid to national citizenship, multiple citizenship and European Union citizenship as institutions, as well as the role of citizenship in the construction of European space. keywords: affairs; attitudes; citizenship; estonia; european; identity; interviewees; issue; people; respondents; rights; russian; society; soviet; vol cache: rera-181.pdf plain text: rera-181.txt item: #40 of 99 id: rera-182 author: Uudelepp, Agu title: Propaganda Instruments in Contemporary Campaigns: Comparison of Estonian Political Television Advertisements and Modern Television Commercials date: 2007-04-01 words: 6579 flesch: 47 summary: The present analysis is based on the similarities and differences between Estonian political television advertisements and modern television commercials with an emphasis on the application of propaganda instruments. Therefore, the research question is formulated as follows: what are the main similarities and differences between the application of propaganda instruments in political and non-political TV advertisements? keywords: advertisements; instruments; parties; party; people; propaganda; propaganda instruments; social; television; television advertisements; vol cache: rera-182.pdf plain text: rera-182.txt item: #41 of 99 id: rera-183 author: Frédéric Mérand, Frédéric; Vandemoortele, Antoine title: Introduction date: 2007-08-01 words: 2083 flesch: 45 summary: (Hanau Santini, this issue, p. 17) Echoing some of the issues highlighted by Hanau-Santini, Clara Portela addresses in the third article the development of EU sanctions policies toward the ACP countries. The objective of this article is to analyze the effectiveness of EU sanctions as policy tools. keywords: article; canada; security cache: rera-183.pdf plain text: rera-183.txt item: #42 of 99 id: rera-184 author: Santini, Ruth Hanau title: Addressing threats: European foreign policy toward the Middle East since the European Security Strategy date: 2007-08-01 words: 7385 flesch: 43 summary: Keywords: EU foreign policy, ESDP, European security strategy, EU-Middle East relations 1 Ruth Hanau Santini is currently completing a PhD at the University of Naples Federico II on the evolution of threat perception among European policymakers since 9/11. Review of European and Russian Affairs vol. M. Ekengren, “New Security challenges and the need for new forms of EU cooperation: the solidarity declaration against terrorism and the open method of coordination”, European Security, vol. keywords: affairs; council; east; european; israel; middle; palestinian; regional; rights; security; state; strategy; threats; union cache: rera-184.pdf plain text: rera-184.txt item: #43 of 99 id: rera-185 author: St-Pierre, Kristine title: Hybridizing UN Peace Operations: The Role of the European Union and Canada date: 2007-08-01 words: 8313 flesch: 46 summary: Regional Actors in Peace Operations: the Role of Hybrid Missions Following a downturn in UN peacekeeping missions in the mid-to-late 1990s, the UN has since witnessed a deepening of its responsibilities in peace and security (see Durch & Berckman 2006b). This can be seen from the increase in the number, size and complexity of UN peacekeeping missions since the beginning of the 21st century. keywords: canada; civilian; crisis; force; hybrid; international; management; military; missions; operations; peacekeeping; police cache: rera-185.pdf plain text: rera-185.txt item: #44 of 99 id: rera-186 author: Vandemoorteele, Antoine title: The promotion of security sector reform strategies: Comparing the roles of the European Union and Canada date: 2007-08-01 words: 6434 flesch: 49 summary: Keywords: post-conflict reconstruction; security sector reform; multi-level governance; OSCE, NATO 1 Antoine Vandemoortele is a PhD Researcher at the European University Institute. Thus, the main research problem is to analyze the promotion of security sector reforms at the international level using the case of two transatlantic security institutions, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), and to understand these elements: 1) Why have these organizations failed to develop overarching framework in the field of security sector reform practices? keywords: european; international; level; nato; osce; reform; sector reform; security; security sector; ssr cache: rera-186.pdf plain text: rera-186.txt item: #45 of 99 id: rera-187 author: Chira, Gabriela Elena; Chira-Pascanut, Constantin title: The Post-1989 World: A Crisis of Western Identity date: 2007-10-01 words: 1094 flesch: 53 summary: It was not, however, until the economic plan to pool French and German coal and steel production of post Second World War Europe, that a European community was born. One of the reasons for this consensus was the presumed identity of interests of the ‘Western world’ (often defined as including Western Europe, the United States, and Canada) in the Cold War context. keywords: european; identity; war cache: rera-187.pdf plain text: rera-187.txt item: #46 of 99 id: rera-188 author: Al-Fattal, Rouba title: The Role of Political Culture in Shaping Canadian, EU and US Disarmament Initiatives date: 2007-10-01 words: 9087 flesch: 51 summary: In the end, the US acted according to its political culture, which is generally self regarding, and did not sign the treaty.37 Analysis of the Landmine case in light of political culture conditions The Canadian, EU and US responses to the landmine issue demonstrates how political culture can play a significant role and shaped these entities’ foreign policies. This indicates that similarity in political culture alone is not sufficient enough to create convergence on foreign policies and that certain conditions must first be met for political culture to take precedence over neorealist explanations when dealing with security issues. keywords: affairs; ban; canada; culture; european; international; iran; issue; landmines; nuclear; policies; security cache: rera-188.pdf plain text: rera-188.txt item: #47 of 99 id: rera-189 author: Castillo, Juan-Camilo title: The European Security and Defence Policy: Defining the European Union as a Rational Actor in International Security date: 2007-10-01 words: 8891 flesch: 55 summary: 2 Therefore, it is not surprising to find that the amalgamation of defence capabilities among European states has gained significance over the years. After more than two centuries of continuous political tension and constant warfare in Europe, the idea of cultural, economic and political interdependence among European states became a widely accepted philosophical principle that offered a tangible solution for the establishment of peace and stability in the region. keywords: 3/2007; affairs; affairs vol; defence; esdp; european; european union; international; issue; review; security; states; vol cache: rera-189.pdf plain text: rera-189.txt item: #48 of 99 id: rera-190 author: Kazarinova, Daria title: Anti-Americanism and the Spirit of European Unity date: 2007-10-01 words: 3094 flesch: 57 summary: Some analysts give their opinion that there is nothing new in European anti-Americanism and anti-European 2 Primakov, E. The World after September, 11th and The Invasion of Iraq. As J.F. Revel stresses, “the hatred of the liberal civilization… is based on the anti-American idée fixée and we should look to the remote past for its sources.”6 keywords: affairs; americanism; anti; european; states; united; world cache: rera-190.pdf plain text: rera-190.txt item: #49 of 99 id: rera-191 author: DeBardeleben, Joan; Zhyznomirska, Lyubov title: External Influences on Domestic Reforms in Post-Communist European Countries date: 2008-04-01 words: 1535 flesch: 27 summary: In Democratic and Market Governance in Romania: Between Domestic Politics and EU Accession, Patricia Young evaluates the quality of institutions created as the result of the political and economic reforms in Romania (required by the EU accession negotiations in 2000-2004 and pre-accession monitoring in 2004-2006) in order to assess the effectiveness of EU conditionality to institutionalize and deepen new Review of European and Russian Affairs vol. Young also compares EU conditionality in the realms of political and market governance reforms and concludes that economic reforms required by the European Commission as part of accession conditionality “do not appear to have suffered from the same political interference as the political governance reforms.” keywords: compliance; conditionality; european; reforms cache: rera-191.pdf plain text: rera-191.txt item: #50 of 99 id: rera-192 author: Rajkovic, Nikolas Milan title: The Limits of Consequentialism: ICTY Conditionality and (Non)Compliance in Post-Milosevic Serbia date: 2008-04-01 words: 13169 flesch: 45 summary: In a campaign interview given by Kostunica to Serbian broadcaster B92 News on October 23, he gave an indication of what lay ahead in the coming weeks and months: 13 ‘Izbori propali, Nikolicu najvise glasova,’ B92 News, 16 November 2003. 14 ‘Koštunica i zvanično mandatar za sastav Vlade,’ B92 News, 21 February 2004,