Rivista Italiana di Paleontologìa e Stratigrafia volume 104 numero 3 tavole 1 15 Dicembre 1998 NE\/ DEEP.SEA NOU BREW . SHORT NOTE BRYOZOAN SPECIES FROM OF SOUTHERN ITALY THE PLEISTOCENE ANTONIETTA ROSSO* Receioed september 21, 1997; accepted April 17, 1998 taxa. Key-ztord.s: Bryozoa, Pleistocene, deep-sea, Southern ltaly, new Riassunto. Vengono descritte due nuove specie ed una sottospe- cie di briozoi: 1èroia barrieri (Cyclostonatida), Heliodorna angusta (Cheilostomatida) e Crisia tenella Calvet longinodata (Cyclostomati- da). Tutte provengono da sedimenti essenziàlmente marnosi af{ioranti nell'area dello Stretto di Messina (Italia meridionale) e depostisi in paleoambienti degli orìzzonti sommitali de1 Piano Batiale. Si tratta di taxa endemici de11'area mediterranea, estinti, probabilmente stenoter- mi che potrebbero rivestire un interesse paleoclimatico e stratigrafico. Abstract. Two new species: Térvia barrreri (Cyclostomatida) rnà Heliodoma angusta (Cherlostomatida) together with the subspe- ctes Crisia tenelLa Calvet longinodata (Cyclostomatida) are described from Pleistocene deep-sea sediments cropping out in Southern ltaly. They are Mediterranean palaeoendemics, closely related to Recent deep-water Atlantic species. lntroduction. This study is part of a program to define the com- position and structure of benthic palaeocommunities from Pleistocene deep-sea sediments (southern Italy). This area, and above all the Messina Strait, is particular- ly suitable for the study of deep-sea palaeocommunities, as strong Neogene tectonic activity caused a remarkable uplift of deep-sea Plio-Pleistocene sediments (Barrier et al., 1986; Barrier, 1987). The sediments are very fossiliferous. Fossil assem- blages are abundant and diverse with bryozoans, mol- luscs, scieractinians, isidids, serpulids, brachiopods, cri- noids and barnacles. Ail these systematic grouPs show a clear Atlantic affinity as attested by numerous Atlantic Guests and Northern or Boreai Guests (Gaetani Ec Sac- cà., 1984, Zibrowius, 1987, Roux er ai., 1988, Barrier et al., 1989, Di Geronimo & La Perna, 1996, 1997a, b; Rosso & Di Geronimo, 1998). The former are Atlantic deep-sea species which spread in the Mediterranean fo1- lowing the general climatic cooling since the Middle Pliocene. The latter are bJorth Atlantic shelf species whose latitudinal range shifted southwards during cold Pleistocene phases, thus comprising the Mediterranean. These Atlanticlike palaeocommunities are charac- terised also by the presence of some species closely rela- ted to Recent Atlantic taxa from which they differ by slight morphologic characters (Di Geronimo et al., 1996; Di Geronimo & La Perna 1996; 1997b). These species may be Mediterranean Pleistocene palaeoende- mics. In this paper, new bryozoan species with paleoen- demic characteristics are described. Materials. The material studied originates mainly (Fig. 1) from three Pleistocene fossil localities, two (Lazzàro: 2Q samples; and Archi: 12 samples) located in southern- most Calabria, and one (Furnari: a single sample) in NE Sicily, along the Tyrrhenian side of the Peloritani Mounts. Fossil bryozoans came {rom sediment bulk- samples ranging in volume from2 to 10 dmr. Additional material (30 samples belonging to EOCUMMS4-95 cam- paigns) comes from Upper Pleistocene (? Wùrmian) submerged sediments (300-1,500 m depth) from the SE Tyrrhenian Sea (Gioia and Cefalù basins adjacent to the Eoiian Islands) and from the northern part of the Tyrrhenian Sea (2 samples from the BS/77 and BS/78 campaigns, 500-1500m depth), off Corsica and Sardinia" Samples were collected mainly with a box-corer; a few ones were dredged. Sediments were disaggregated in water and gently washed using a 63 pm mesh to obtain even very smail bryozoan specimens and fragments. Dried fractions ) 250 pm 'were routinely sorted, whereas finer materials were usualiy checked to iook for rare and/or the smal- lest species. 'llstituto Policattedra di Oceanologia e Paleoecologia, Corso Italia, 55 - 95729 Catania, Italy. Sea lyrrhen\an L Éo\i?1 A \.r3nòt to" a s oul qruP AT l_ r{ * 0,,u,.1"ÌJ" d 424 A. Rosso The materiai described is deposited in the Paleon- tological Museum of the Istituto Policattedra di Oceano- Iogia e Paleoecologia, Caranía University (IPOP Mu- seum, in the following). Geological and palaeoecological setting. The Messina Strait area (between Sicily and Cala- bria) offers exceptional opportunities for the study of Pleistocene deep-sea communities. The Plio-Quaternary sedimentation in this area has been strongly affected by tectonics which split the substrate into several "tectonic- sedimentary entities", each evolving independently from the neighbouring sectors (Barrier, 1987). Yertical displa- cements, occasionally exceeding 1,000 m, allowed the deposition of deep-sea sediments and their subsequenr upJift to 200-400 m above the present sea ievel (Barrier et aI., L986; Barrier & Montenat, 1987). Bathyal palaeo- environments are often recorded perfectly by fossils and contain in situ palaeocommunities belonging to both hard and soft bottoms which have been referred to the Deep-Sea Corals (CAP) and the Bathyal Mud (VP) pa- laeobiocoenoses sensu Pérès & Picard (tlO+) and Di Ge- ronimo (1,987). The Lazzà.ro section belongs to the Motta S. Gio- vanni tectonic-sedimentary enÍ.ify, bordered landwards by a NSí-SE fault system (Barrier et a1., X986). The sec- tion comprises basal Tortonian sandstones overlain by five sedimentary units, outlined by submarine rrunca- tions. Except for the topmost unit, the sequence was de- posited in circalittoral to epibathyal palaeoenvironmenrs Fig. 1 - Location of studied samples. Triang)es: submerged, Lare Pleistocene thanatocoenoses; circles: Plio-Pleisrocene our- cfops. indicating a sudden uplift to in- fra-circalittoral depths. Epiba- thyal sediments, mainly marls, were deposited during a cold or cold-temperate phase of the Ear- Iy Pleistocene (Violanti, 1988) or, partly, during the Middle Pleistocene (Aifa et al., 1987). Marls containing embedded blocks colonised by deep-sea, hard-bottom species were depo- sited in a nearby fault palaeoe- scarpment, ca. 600 m deep. Fos- sil assemblages are rich and di- verse, consisting mainly of scie- ractinians, gorgonians, molluscs, serpulids and bryozoans. They comprise mud-dwelling taxa and species living on hard substrata (boulders) andlor coarse biogenic bottoms around the boulders (Di Geronimo er aI., 1996). Bryozoans consist mainly of slender erect spe- cies. Setoselliniform species, parricularly adapted to co- lonise sand grains are common, whereas encrusting spe- cies, represented mainly by runners, are scarce. Domi- nant species are "lèssaradoma boreale (Busk), Gemellipora eburnea Smitt, ReteporelLa sparteli (Calvet), Caberea liga- ta JulIien, Euginoma vermrformis Jullien, Setosellina rou- lei CaIvet, Hornera lichenoides (Linnaeus), Anguisia uer- rucosa Jullien and a new species belonging to the genus Tèruia (described below). The section of Archi belongs to the Reggio recro- nic-sedimentary entíty, controlled by a N4Oo-5Oo fault system (Barrier, 1986). Sediments comprise rransgressive, shaliow-water deposits evolving into bathyal marls over- lain by deltaic sands and gravels. Bathyal beds contain boulders encrusted by deep-sea scleractinians and serpu- iids. Marl deposition occurred in a cold phase of the upper part of the Early Pleistocene-Middle Pleistocene as demonstrated by foraminifers and nannofaunas (Di Geronimo et aI., 1997). Fossil assemblages indicate a strong Atlantic affinity and a bathyal palaeoenviron- ment 500-1,000 m deep. Benthic faunas consist mainly of molluscs. Bryozoans are usually rare but common and well diversified in the coarsest (silty or sandy) sam- ples. Slender erect, both rigid and flexible, often rhi- zoid-bearing species and setoselliniform taxa prevail. En- crusting species are rare. Tessaradoma boreale (Busk), Zr- via irregulaùs Meneghini, Hornera frondiculata Lamou- roux, Anguisia oerrucosa Jullien, Setosellina rowlei lullien and Setosella oulnerata (Busk), together with a ne'w spe- cies belonging to Heliodorna (desurbed below) are the most common components of these assemblages. The Furnari outcrop is located in the "Furnari block" recognised by Kezirian (1992). This fault-control- led entity is formed by a Miocene substrate overlain by shelf calcarenites and silts. A small N-S directed graben is located along the northern edge of the block. Deep- sea faunas encrust fault escarpments and the basin is fil- ied by grey bathyal marls deposited during the Early Pleistocene as indicated by foraminifers. Benthic assem- blages originate from a deep-sea muddy bottom commu- nity living îear a fault paleoescarpment as demonstrated by the presence of sessile species needing a hard bottom or) at least, coarse biogenic substrates interspersed in the bathyal muds. Fossils consist mainly of molluscs with deep-sea mud-dwelling species and subordinate sessile bi- valves (see Di Geronimo & La Perna, !997b). Bryozoans are common but poorly diversified. They consist main- ly of cemented, erect-rigid morphotypes with subordina- te rhizoid-bearing erect-rigid and flexible specimens. A single setoselliniform species (described below) is pre- senr. Tèreia inegularis (lr4eneghini), Tèssaradoma boreale (Busk), Homera lichenoides (Linnaeus) and Anguisia oer- rucosa lullien are the dominant species. The EOCLIMM samples, studied incompletely by Di Geronimo et al. (1995) originate from bathyal (ca. 300-1,500 m deep), muddy to silty-muddy bottoms rich in planktonic gastropod and foraminiferan tests. Benthic assemblages are dominated by deep-sea molluscs, mainly nuculoids and small mud-dwelling species. Bryoznans are rare and quite absent from several samples. They comprise a few, mainly erect species among whìch An' guisia aerrwcosa Jullien and Reteporella sparteli (Calvet) prevail. The BS samples come from bathyal (ca. 500-1700 m) muddy bottoms, including blocks originating from rocky scarps above. Benthic assemblages consist mainly of molluscs (deep-sea nuculoids, pectinids and arcids); isidid gorgonians and brachiopods are locally abundant" Bryozoans are subordinate but usually diverse. Erect-ri- gid specimens prevail, mainly belonging to Tèssaradoma boreale (Busk), Palmicellaria cf . elegans Alder and Jaculi- na cf . tessellata Hayward. Systematic accounts Class S t e n o I a e m at a Borg, 1926 Order Cyclostomatida Busk, 1852 Family Crisiidae Johnston, 1838 Genus Crisia Lamoroux, 1812 Pleístocene deep-sea bryozoans frorn Sicily 425 Crisia tenella Calvet, 1906 longinodata ssp. nov. (Pì. 1, fig. 6-10) 1995 lCrisia tmella,Moissette Er Spleldnaes, pl. i, fig. 5-6. 7998 Crisia sp.1, Rosso & Di Geronimo, tab. 1, fig. a, I-2. 1997 Crisia sp.1, Di Geronimo et al., tab. 3. Material. Lazzà,ro marls: over 100 internodes or fragments from 3 samples, collected in the basal, l-ower Pleistocene pan of the marls; Archi section: a single internode from the topmost sample (Middle Plei- stocene); EOCUMM campaigns: few specimens from three samples ran- ging from 485 to 750 m depth (ll-ate Pleistocene); BS 78 campaign: few specimens from 1,2931,7a2 m depth pate Pleistocene). Etymology. longinodata from Longus : long and nodatus : with nodes, i.e. characterised by long internodes. Types. Holotype: a fenile internode (Pl. 1, Figs. 8-10) from the basal part of the Lazzàro marls (boulder 1993). Paratypes: 32 steri- le internodes and a single fenile one from the same sample. IPOP Museum, IPOP. 82. 26.1.t995. Diagnosis. Slender, long internodes comprising up tÒ ten au- tozooids, characterized by a very acute basal angle. Description. Very slender, poorly calcified, biserial internodes (Pl" 1, Figs. 6, Z). Basal width of internodes small; basal angle (o) very acute (10-13'); 2"d zooid long (L2 : 600-845prm; N:10). Each internode shows O-2 basis rami. Gonozooid sub-erect (P1. 1, Figs. 8-10) consi- sting of an apex-down cone with a convex base, rising frontally and obliquely ar an angle of about 50o to the internode (Lgon : 39Opm, lgon : 260pm; N:2). Ooe- ciostome (Pl. 1, Figs. 8-10) sub-terminal and dorsai; it is a short flared tube antero-distally compressed and facing upward. Remarks. These fossil fragments agree rather well with C. tenella as described by Harmelin (1990) but dif- fer in some morphometric characteristics such as the smaller gonozooid dimensions and the general shorte- ning of L2. Moreover, internodes are longer and often comprise 8-9 zooids vs. 3, (range 1-7: HarmeIin, 1990). These features are constant in the fossil specimens stu- died. Therefore, the designation of a subspecific taxon is proposed for these specimens. Distribution. The subspecres C. tenella longinodata is presently known only as a fossil from the Mediterra- nean area where it lived in both western and eastern basins. C. tenella longinodata was found in sediments cropping out in the Messina Strait zone (Southern ltaly) and in submerged sediments of the SE Tyrrhenian Sea. Few additional specimens come from the northern Tyrrhenian sea, off Sardinia. The specimens from the Plio-Pleistocene deep-water sediments of Rhodes) recor- ded as C. tenella by Moissette & Spjeidnaes (1995) seem to belong to this new taxon. The stratigraphic distribu- tion ranges from the upper part of the Late Pliocene- lower part of the Early Pleistocene (Moissette A Spjeldnaes, t995) to Late Pleistocene (submerged Wúrmian sediments from Tîrrhenian Sed. This is a 426 A. Rosso deep-sea species as it 'was recorded from sediments depo- sited in depths ranging from ca. 4OO to 1,200 m. Ba- thymetric and geographic distributions partially overlap those of the nominal species, known from bathyal bot- toms in the NE Atlantic (Calvet, 1906a; Harmelin & d'Hondt, 1982; 1992; Flarmelin, 1990), from epi-bathyal bottoms of the Alboran Sea (Harmelin & d'Hondt, 1992) and from deep-circalittoral botroms off Marseille (Harmelin, 1928). Family T e r a i i d a e Canu and Bassler, 1920 Genus 7èrztia I:ullien, 7882 Tervia barrieri sD. nov. (P1. 1, fis. l-sj L998 Teroia sp.1, Rosso & Di Geronimo, tab. 1, fig. 4, 4. 1.997 Tèroia sp.1, Di Geronimo et al., tab.3. Material. Lazzà,ro marls: over 4OO fragments from 8 samples from the basal pan of the marls (hwer Pleistocene). Archi section: over 40 specimens from 4 samples of the middle pan of the section (Middle Pleistocene) where fragments are more abundant rn coarser (silty-sandy) sediments. EOCUMM campaigns: a few fragments from 3 samples from 300-360 m depth (Late Pleistocene); BS ll campaign: over 100 specimens Írom718-742 m depth (Late Pleistocene). Etymology. Name in honour of the French geologist pascal Barrier who actively studied the Plio-Pleistocene palaeoenvironmental evolution of the Messina Strarr. Types. Holotype: from the Pleistocene of Lazzàro (Lazzà,ro Cava Antica: Pl. 1, Figs. 2, 5). Paratypes: ca. 2OO sterile and fenile branches from the same sample. IPOP Museum, IPOP B3. 26.7.1995. Diagnosis. Very slender branches with 1-3 zooids per rransver- se series. Small, sac-shaped gonozooid with flared ooeciostome. Description: Colony vinculariform, dichotomous, with slender, sometimes curved branches (P1. 1, fig. 1), round in cross section. Zooids arranged in alternating transverse series with peristomes facing frontally and la- terally; each series with 2 tubes (range 1-3); the outer- most the longest (Pl. 1, fig. 1). Sometimes tubes isolated in the middle line between the series. Inner spines ab- sent (P1. 1, fig. 4). Gonozooid (Pl. 1, fig. 2-3, 5) dorsaily placed, sac-shaped, short (length once or twice the vridth), suddenly swollen in its proximal part and rea- ching its maximum in the mid-distal region. Gonozooi- dal wall with transversally growing grooves and densely spaced, round pseudopores. Ooeciostome (Pl. 1, fig. 2, 5) terminal, placed against the dorsal wall of the branch; it consists o{ a very short, transversally elongated, sli ghtly flared tube facing distally. Remarks. A single Tèraia specres is known presen- tly from the Mediterranean, T irregularis (Meneghini). It lives in lower circalittoral to bathyal environmenrs (Harmelin, I976;Harmelin & d'Hondt, 1982) and has a long (Eocene to Recent) and wide (.ùTestern Europe from Holland to Spain and Italy) distribution. T banieri dif- fers from specimens of T irregwlarls showing a feeble calcification. It presents a more slender appearance due to the few number of zooids per series, a smaller and a shorter gonozooid and a flared ooeciostoma. Inner spi- nes, regarded by Harmelin (1976; 1977) as diagnostic for T irregularis, are lacking. Another similar species T su- perba, was described by Jullien (1SS2) on a few sterile specimens from bathyal bottoms (896 m) in the Biscay Gulf (NE Atlantic). Harmelin (1977), although with re- seryations, referred some specimens from the Conce- pcion Banc, Canary Island (200 m) to this specres, pre- viously considered by Harmelin (1976) as a deep mor- photype of T irregularis. He separated T superba taking into account the absence of inner spines and the charac- ters of the gonozooid described as "une vésicule renflée, assez courte, dont la partie proximale tubulaire est visi- ble et comparable à celle d'un autozoide. Looeciostome est un tube court terminal qui s'ouvre en direction di- stale au niveau de la zone de croissance de la branche". Thus, the Pleistocene specimens show affiniti es fo T su- perba: zoarial morphology, a few tubes per series, and absence of inner spines. Nevertheless, they differ from T superba as the gonozooid is longer and pear shaped and overall, has a differenr ooeciosrome consisting of a compressed and flared tube, artached to the dorsal side of the branch. Such features are consrant in the fossil specimens and allow an easy recognition of the species. PLATE 1 Scale bars: 1O0mm for Figs. 4-5 and 8-11; 5O0mm for Figs. 1-3, 6-7 and 12. Fig.1-5 Tèrvia barrieri sp. nov., Lazzàro, Early-Middle Pleistocene. 1) Sterile, slender branch: Liv 1 (1993);2,5) holotype (Lazzàro, ancient quarry): 2) complete view of a fenile branch with a dorsally placed gonozooid; 5) detail of the swollen gonozooid and the ooeciosto- me, a short, slightly flared, proxìmal-distally compressed tube, medially located at its distal end; 3) fertile branch with a very shon, distally inflated gonozooid: Liv. 1 (1993); 4) longitudinal section of two peristomes to sho- the ebsence of inner spines: Liv. 1 (1993). Fig. 6-10 - Crisia tenella Calvet longinodata ssp. nov., Lazzà"ro: boulder 1993, Early-Middle Pleistocene. 8-10) holotyp.; s; p". of a fertrle internode wìth a suddenly inflated gonozooid and its flared ooeciostome compressed in a proximal-distal fashion; 9 and 10) lateral close-ups of the gonozooid to show its semi-erect position and the distally located ooeciostomel 6 and 7) paratypes: slender, curued sterile internodes. Fig. 11-12 -Heliocloma dngusta sp. nov., Furnari, Early Pleistocene. Holotype. 11) detail of two zooid-avicularium couples with an ovicell (ar- rowed). Note the very narrow, beaded, cryptocyst, the entire, smooth mural rim and the very reduced frontal pore of the ovicell; 12) ' ^^*^l't' -"r"'e colony with twenty-one zooids: note the ancestrula and the peculiar periancestrular budding pattern givrng rise to two clockwise spirals of zooids and the ovicell (arrow). Pl. I Plerstocene deep-sea bryozoans from Sicily 427 428 A. Rosso Distribution. The species is presently known only as a fossil from the central Mediterranean area. It was found in Lower-to-Middle Pleistocene sedimenrs crop- ping out in the Messina Strait (Rosso & Di Geronimo, 1998; Di Geronimo et a1., 1997) and in submerged Wùrmian thanatocoenoses of the Tyrrhenian Sea. This species seems to be limited to bathyal bottoms from ca. 300 m (SE Tyrrhenian Sea) to ca. 1,000 m (inferred depth of deposition of the Archi fossiliferous layers). Ciass Gymnolaemata Allman, 1856 Order Cheilostomatida Busk, 1852 Family SetoseIIinidae Haywardand Cook, lgTg Genus Heliodoma Calvet, 1906 Heliodoma angusta sp. nov. (P1. 1, fis. 11-12) 1998 Heliodoma sp.1, Rosso & Di Geronimo, tab. 1, fig.5, 1. 1,998 Heliodoma sp.1, Di Geronimo et al., tab. 3. pI.3, fig.2. Material. Furnari marls: 6 colonies (Early Pleistocene); Lazza- ro marls: over 20 colonies from coarse biogenic sands around the boul- ders (Early Pleistocene); Archi section: over ZO colonies from 9 sam- ples from the base to the top of the section (Early-to-Middle pleisroce- ne). Etymology. From its very narrow (angustu) cryprocysr. Types. Holotype: a complere fertile colony (P1. 1, fig. 11-12) from Furnari marls (Early Pleistocene). Paratypes: 1 entire and 4 in- complete colonies encrusting sandy lithic and biogenic (bivalve frag- ments and forams) grains from the same sample. IPOP Museum: IPOP. B 4. 26:11995. Diagnosis. Heliodotna well characterised by an evenly narrow cryProcysr. Description. Roughly elliptical colonies, 1-2 mm in diameter (Pl. 1, fig. I2). Zooids with well developed gymnocyst and a narrow (ca. 15 pm), depressed cryp- tocyst bordering lateral and proximal sides of the ope- sium (P1. 1, fig. 11). Mural rim smooth. Ancestrula bud- ding a distal avicularium (sensu Hayward &. Cook, 19) and a mid-lateral narrow and a distal-lateral, normal pri- mary zooids (Pl. 1, fig. l2). Each of them gives rise to a separate, not dichotomous, clockwise, spiral of zooids. New zooids are laterally budded each with a distal-late- ral avicularium so thar the two zooidal spirals are sepa- rated by an avicularial spiral. Periancestrular zooids show compiete, beaded ciosures, with a median longitu- dinal umbo, which covers the enrire opesium except for the opercular zone. Ovicell large, terminal, not promi- nent, with a small, subcentral foramen, sometimes very reduced (Pl. 1, fig. 11-L2: arrowed), presumably closed by a large operculum. The zooidal size increases rapidly from the approximately rounded ancestrula (La: l7O- 185pm; Ia 1.60-1751tm) and the first zoojd of each spiral Ftg.2 - Heliodoma angusta sp. nov. Schetch showing the peculiar colony budding pattern giving rise to the two clockwise spirals of zooid-avicularial couples. (L21,: 234ytm; Iz7: 177ytm and Lzl: 234yl"m;1zI: I95p,m) in the holotype, to the fifth-sixth zooid. Size of zooids budded afterwards become constanr (Lz: 380-41Opm; Iz:240-27}p.m). Remarks. Heliodoma trngusta is very similar to the Recent deep-sea Atlantic species H. irnplicata Calver, 1906b, for colony organization and periancestrular bud- ding pattern (Fig. 2), typical of the genus (see Hayward & Cook, 1929). Neverthless, the latter differs from fI. angusta for its wider, laterally extended cryprocyst (see Prenant & Bobin, L966; Hayward & Cook, 1979) glrng the opesium an elongated key-hole shape. Ancestrula and zooids from the reperirion zone are consrantly lon- ger rn H. implicata (ancestrula: 2AO-220 Fm vs. I7O-I85 pm; zooids: 400-445 pm vs. 380-41Opm) (see Hayward & Cook, 1979). Moreover, measures stabilise earlier in astogeny, from about the 4'h zooid instead of the 6,h as ín H. angusta. Distribution. H. angusta seems ro be restricted to the Mediterranean Early-to-Middle Pleistocene where it has been recorded exclusively from deep-sea sediments deposited in 500-1,OOO m depths. Conclusions. The three newly described taxa are known exclu- sively from the E,arly-to-Late Pleistocene of the Vestern Mediterranean area, excepr for Crisia tenella /onginodata which was recorded also from the Late Pliocene of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Furthermore, all have deep- sea counterparts in the present day Atlantic Ocean, whereas only one (C. tenella longinodata) has a probable deep-circalittoral to bathyal Mediterranean relative: the nominal species. Furthermore, the new taxa belong to palaeocommunities showing strong Atlantic affinities in- dicating the psycrosphaeric conditions of the Mediterra- nean during the Pleistocene. C. tenella longinodata, T barrieri and H. angustd could therefore represent cold stenothermic extinct taxa endemic to the Mediterranean area, and are potential indicators of palaeoclimatic and stratigraphic conditions (see Rosso 8c Di Geronimo, 1 ee 8). PLeistocene deep-sea bryozoans from Sicily REFERENCES 429 Acknoaledgements. Thanks are due to Dr. J.-G. Harmelin (Statron Marine d'Endoume, Marseille) who mrde rvrihble deep-sea Recent specimens and for heipful suggestions; Prof . Di Geronirno (Ist. Policattedra di Oceanologia e Paieoecologia, Catania) for usefr.l dìscussions; Sig. O. Torrisi (CNR, Catania) and G. Dafnis (Stazione Zoologtca, A. Dhorn, Napoli) for SEM assistance. Paper financrally supported by M.U.R.S.T. Brents (Rosso 60o/") " Aifa T., Barrier P., Feinberg H.,Pozzr J.-P. (1982) - Paléoma- gnétisme des terrains sédimentaires plio-quaternaires du Détroit de Messine. Doc. et 7ia'o. I.G.A.L. Paris. v. 11, pp. 83-90, Paris. Barrier P. 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