Dicembre 2OOl NOTA BREVE-SHOM NOTE TURRIGLOMINA ? ANATOLICA, N. SP (FORAMINIFERIDA) FROM THE CRETACEOUS OF NORTH-\TESTERN ANATOLIA (TURKEY): REMARKS ON THE EVOLUTION OF MESOZOIC MEANDROSPIRIDS DEMIR ALTINER 1, ROBERTO RETTORI 2, LOUISE,TTE ZANINETTI : se RoSS.ANA MARTINI 3 Receroed May 18,20a1; accepted September 2A,2001 Key -rt ords. Foramìnifers, Nerv Species, Taxonoml', Cretaceous, Turkey. Riassunto. Nel presente lavoro viene descritta una nuova specre dì foreminifero, Tuniglomina? anatolica, n. sp., del Cretacico inferiore dell'Anatolia nord-occident;rle. La nuor';r specie è caratterizzata da uno stadio ìniziale ad alvolsimento meendrospiroìdeo seg;uito da una seconda parte rettilinea ad andanrento elicoidale. La morfologia di questo nuovo taxon è simile a quella del genere triassico Turrig/omina Zaninetti. L'attribuzione generica della nuova specie è comunque dubi- tativa a ceusa del fatto che il trend evolutivo di questo gruppo di foraminiferi non è documentato dal Triassico al Cretacico. Abstract. A new species of foraminifer, Turrig/omína ? anatoli- cd, n.sp., ìs erected frorn the Lower Cretaceous of North-\ffestern Anatolia, Turkey: The species is characterized by a well developed meandrospirid stage folloned by a rectilinear, heljcoidal stage. The morphology of the nen taxon ìs sin-rilar to that of the tiassic genus Turriglomina Zamnetti; hon'ever, the generic attributjon is doubtful as the evolutjonary path of meandrospirids is not documented from Tri- assic to Cretaceous. lntroduction. Iìr the evolution of Triassic foraminifers, rhe genus Tkrriglomina Zaninetti in Limongi er al. (1982) (rype species: Turritellella mesotridsica Koehn-Zaninerri, 1968) is a well-known taxon composed of several species rang- ing stratigraphically from Anisian to Norian. This genus is considered to be linked in evolution to tiassic repre- sentatives of Meandrospira Loebltch & Tappan (Rettori, 1995). Although Turriglomina is not reported from the Jurassic, we describe from the Creraceous of Anatolia a meandrospirid foraminifer, similar to the Triassìc genus Turriglomina, earlier recorded and figured by Altiner (1991) as Meandrospiranella sp. The new form is described as Turriglomina ? anatolica, n. sp. Flowever the generic attribution remains doubtful as the evolu- tionary link between the Triassic and Cretaceors Me.ln- dr o sp ira -Twrriglom ina linea ge s is not do cumente d. The new species is recorded from a succession located 25 km North of the Bilecik City (Fig. 1). The Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous sequence in this area is composed of four formations, widely exposed in North- \(/estern Anatolia u'hich is located in the Sakarya Conti- nent, one of the tecronic enriries in the Neo-Tethyan evolurion of Turkey (Altiner et al., 1991;. The Hettan- gian-Pliensbachian Bayirkóy Formation is composed of continental to marine siliciclastics intercalated with fos- siliferous Rosso Ammonitico facies (Fig. 2). After a gap in sedirnentation, a carbonate regime starts in the suc- cession comprising the nodular limestones of the ^ llCallovran-Oxtordian TasEibayiri Forrnation in the low- est part. The major unit of the carbonate succession is the Kimmeridgian-Valanginian Gúnóren Limestone, mainly consisting of coral-rich reefal and high-energy limestones. The calcareous and argillaceous pelagic sedi- ments of the latest Valanginan-Aptian Sogukgam Lime- stone overlies the Gùnòren Limestone with a condensed level rich in crinoids at the bottom. Turriglomina ? ana- tolica, n. sp., is recorded from this condensed level. The upper boundary of the Sogukqam Limestone is not exposed in the studied area. Systematic Palaeontology Order Foraminiferida Eichwald, 1 830 Suborder Miliolina Delage & Hérouard, 1896 Superfamily Cornuspiracea Schultze, 1 854 1 Middle East Technical Universìtv, Department of Geoìogical Engineering, 06130 Ankara, Turkey, e-mail: demir@lmetu.edu.tr 2 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Piazza Unìversità, 06100 Perueia, Italy', c-m;ri1: rrettori@)unìpg.it. 3 Dép:rrtement de Géologie et Paléontologie, 13 rue des Maraîchers, 1211 Genèr-e,{, Suisse, e-mail: Louisette.Zaninetti(aìterre.unjqe.ch 178 D. Altimer. R. Rettorí. L. Zaninetti €; R. Martini Family Meandrospiridae Saidov;r, 1981, emend. Zaninettr et al., 1.987 Subfamily Turri glomini nae Zaninetti i n Limongi et al., 1987 Genus TurriglominaZantnettrin Limongi et al., 1982 Type species: Turritellella mesotriasíca Koehn-Zaninettr, 1968 Turriglomina ? anatolica, n. sp. Pl. 1, fìgs. 1-1ó 1991 lleandrospiranelLt sp. Altiner, pl. 13, figs.6-8. 199ir lleanttrospiranella n. sp. Altiner et al., p. 32 (not figured). Origin of the name. The name of the nerv species is after the region Anatolìa, whcre Turríghmìna ? anato/íca n. sp. has been fìrstl1' recorded. Holotype. The holotvpc (P1. 1, fig. 1) is a slightlv oblique lon- gitudinal section, passing through the proloculus anc{ shon'ing both the helicojdal and meandrospirid parts of the tesr. Paratypes. They rre figured in Pl. 1, figs. 5, /, 13, 15, 16. !,'pe localin-. 25 hm North of Bilecik, North-Western Anatolia (TLrrkc1.) (Fig. t). Type level. Condcnsed level ;rt the bottorn of the Sogukgam Limestone, sample G-5, referable to the Hedbergella sigalildelrìoensìs Zone (latest Valanginian to earliest Barremian) of Robaszvnski tr Caron ( 1 995). Material and repository. The nen specìes is present in four samples (G-5, G-9, G-10 and GO-11A) from tN'o measurcd sections (G and GO); the metcrial rs cleposited in the micropaleontological coì- lection of the Marine Micropaleontologl'Research Unit, Middle Erst Technicel Universìt1-, Ankara. Microfacies and microfaunal association. The micro- facies containing Turriglomina ? anatolica n. sp. are wackestones to packstones rich in crinoids, bryozoa and pelagic elenents such as planktonic foraminifers, thin shelled bivalves etc. The microfaunal àssemblage con- nins Globuligerina boteriz,ica (Subbotina), Hedbergella srgali (Mou1lade), Globochaete alpina Lombard, Mean- drospira faz,rei (Charollais, Brònnimann & Zaninetti), Vidaliùa spp., OphthaÌmidìum sp., Textularia sp., Spirìl- Lina spp., Patellina turriculata Dieni & Massari, Patellina spp., Lenticulina sp., Gavelinella sp., Epistomind sp., arTd ataxophragmiid foraminifers. Description. The test of the new species consists of two parts. The meandrospirid spherical portion is char- acterized by a globular proloculus, followed b,v a second undivided tubular chamber, rvhich is rounded in section. The chamber describes, as in the genus Meandrospira Loeblich Ee Tappan, 2 to 211, (aÌmost 3 in the holotype) planispirally coiled involute r.r'hor1s, composed of sever- al tight meanders, 5 to 6 in each whorl. The diamcter of the tube incre:rses with gron'th, in order to reach in the second whorl, twice the diameter of the tube in the first whorl; however, the number of the meanders reueins constant. In the second part of the test, the tubular chan'rber Fie. 1 - Geographic location (A and B) and geological map (C) ot the studv area (after Altiner et :r1., 1991, modified). describes a high spire, helicoidal and close-coiled in order to form a columella ; the number of n'horls varies from 5 to 7, and the diameter of the tubular chamber remains constant. The wall is black. complct and porcelaneous, Sample no. v- xCe t":r* ^ I .^ 1\ G Kks: Sogukgam Limestone (tatest Valanginian-Aptian) JKbgr cúnóren Limestone (Klmmeridgian-Valanginian) Jbt: Ta g g'bayiii Formation (CalÌovjan-Odoidia n) Jb: BayirkÒy Fo.rnation (Henangian-pliensbachian) New, species of Turriglomina Sample no 179 Fig.2 - Measured stratìgraphic sec- tions (G end GO; after Altjn- er et al., 1991, modified) and type leveì ol Turriglornina ? anato/ica n. sp. a.- E Th'ck-bedded, coarse-grained contjnental or shallow marine sandstone ól) F) ,'\w v 1--l Coral Brachiopcd Ec,\inoid ^@oooSponae Cretac€ouss.îraller Globdligenna spicuie Pianktonicforamrnifers often recrystallised. The aperture is simple, at the end of tube. In the studied material, we have recognized two types of specimens characterized bv different dimen- sions of the proloculus, and interpreted rs megalospher- ic (Pl. 1, figs. 1, 6-7,11., 13) and n-ricrospheric genera- tions (P1. 1, figs. 4, 12, 14).In the megalospheric forms, the dimensions of the proloculus approximately corre- spond to the diameter of one u..horl around the prolocu- lus of the microspheric specimens. For the orhcr p.ìram- eters of the test, the two different generations do not exhibit a noriceable change in the overall size and gener- al rnorpholoe,v. Dimensions (in microns). Height of the test: 260- 400; width of the rectilinear portion: ZO-1OO; diameter of the meandrospirid portion: 120-150; di:rmeter of the @ ó@ U t^ t o'ó proloculus: ,10-50 (megalospheric), 1O (microspheric) ; diarneter of the tubular chamber in the first whorl: 1O; diameter of the tubular chamber in the last planisoirai whorl: 20; height of the tubular chamber in the heli- coidal portion: 2O-30; thickness of the wall: less than 10. Remarks. Altiner (1991) attributed the spccimens figured in pl. 2, 3 and 5 ro rhe Triassic gews Mean- drospiranella Salaj. However, rh;s.rttribution can not be correct since the rectilinear porrion of Turrig/omìna ? anatolica n. sp. ìs helicoidai and does not describe a meandrospirid uncoiled sra€ie as in Meandrospiranel/a. Turriglomìna scandonei Zaninettr et al. and Tur rig/omina mdgnd (Urosevic) are the two Triassic species characterized by a well-developed meandrospirid stage (Limonei et aL. 1987; Urosevic 1977; Zminetti et al. 1987; Zaninetti et al. 1.99a; Bérczt-Makk 1993; Rettori 10 (t \ll-l cù (J o CO ycú o c'. o_ .: h - 10 F:rl i::::_ Lrmestone L_,'L i H.igh-€nergy llmestone z77VS t//4(\ Cross-bedded sanostone i:rt Reefal ilmestone w <><> Nodular ImesÌon9 Argillaceous Condensedlìmestone limestone wfth crinoid sand VJ \.J _Ò -) 1^ - td c-) ls ffi Dasyciad r\ B€lemnite ó Crinoid GO 480 Altimer, R. Rettori, L. Zaninetti €; R. Martini 1995; Martini et al. 1995); Turriglomina ? anatolica n. sp. differs from Twrriglomina scandonei in having smalier dimensions, a iower number of meanders in the spheri- cal portion, and a thinner wall. It is drstinguished from Turriglomina magna by r much regulrr coiling of the meandrospirid part, and a well developed helicoidal stage. The other Triassic species of Twrriglomina, Tur- riglomina mesotriasica (Koehn-Zaninetti), Turriglomina conica (He-Yan) and Turriglomina carnica (Dager) char- acterized by their small dimensions and a reduced mean- drospirid stage, can be clearly distinguished from all the other representatives of the genus Turriglomina, and also ftom Twrriglomina ? anatolica, n. sp. Finally, the Ladinian-Carnian Turriglomina robusta Bérczi-Makk from Hungary does not exhibit the pecu- liar features of the genus; for this reason it can not be compared to Tuniglomina ? anatolicd, n. sp. From the Lower Cretaceous of Algeria, Sigal (1952) cited a species called Meandrospira cljffiensis characterized by a meandrospirid initial part followed by î rcafilrncrr sfîqe Floweveq from the two specimens illustrated and given as drawings by Sigal (1952, pL 12, two figs.), it is not possible to recognise the type of coiling of the rec- tilinear portion, which is described by the author as uncoiled (dérowlé). For this reason, Meandrospira djaf- faensis can not be compared to Turriglomina ? anatolica, n. sp. Phylogenetic considerations. The stratigrrphic range of Turrìglomtnd, com- posed of several species, is Anisian to Norianl the genus is so far completely unknown from the Jurassic platform or basinal facies. In the Triassic, Twrriglomina, because of its me:rndrospirid early stage, has been considered to be linked to Meandrospira and derived from this genus lZaninerti et al.. 1987; Rettori. le95r. Similarly. the dis- covery of Turriglomina-llke forms in the Cretaceous of Anatolia su€igests, as in the evolutionary lineage 6 9 10 77. 1.2 observed in the tiassic Meandrospiridae, rhat Tur- riglomina ? anatolica, n. sp., could also have been derived from a Meandrospira ancestor. This is in concordance with the fact that the genus Meandrospira (species ,M. favrei) is also known from the Lower Cretaceous (Valanginian) of several Western Tethyan localities, including the type locality of T. ? anatolica, n. sp., in North -Western Anatolia. In this hypothesis, the Meandrospira hneage should be continuous from the Triassic to the Creta- ceous, with the evolutionary potential to produce, at any time, specimens with a helicoidal stage. These speci- mens, resulting from an iterative evolution, are morpho- logically identical to Turriglomina Zaninetti in Limongi et al., and can not be distinguished from this genus. For this reason, Turrìglomina is here considered as a poly- phyletic taxonomic unit, and the genus is used with reservation for the Cretaceous species from Anatolia. Aclenouledgements. The authors are grateful to TUBITAK (The Scientìfic and Technical Research Council of Turke,v), to the CNR (Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italia) and to the FNSRS (grant N' 20- 50577.97) ior supporting this study. Prof. A. Koqyigit, Prof. A. Fari- nacci, Dr. U. Nicosìa and Dr. M.A. Conti helped in r.arious stages of tbe fields.ork. Thanks are due to A. Cherchi (Unìversìtv of Cagliari) i"r her heìp in the ìn'pr.rernent ol-rlrc rn:nu.cript. PLATE 1 All specìmens ,rre from the lorvermost prrrt of the Sogukgam Limestone, North--ù/estern Anatolia, Turke1.. Fìgs. 1-1,1, 1.5,1.6 Turriglomina ? anatolica, n. sp. 1 - Holon-pe. Longitudinal section. SampJe G5/5. 2,3 - Longitudinai sections. Sample GO 1'1 A/1. .+, 8, 1 4 - '1: Longitudinal scction; 8: longituclinal tangenti,rl ,rnd oblique section; 1,1: subequatorial section ol the meandrospiroid initial part. Sam ple G10/1. 5,7,13,15, 16 - Paratypes. 5: Longitudinrl section; 7: Longitudìnal oblique sectìon; 13: equatoriai section of the meandrospiroid initial part; 15, 16: tangential sections of the n-reandrospiroid inìtial part. SampJes G5lI,G5l9, G5/5, G5/9, G5/8 - Longitudinal section. Sample G1O/2. - Longitudinal tangential and oblique section. Sample G9l1. - Oblique section. Sample G1O/3. - Longitudinal oblique sections. Samples G11Al2, GO 14A/12. PÌ.1 Neia species of Turriglomina 3 O O c\I 482 D. Altimer. R. Rettori. L. Zaninetti G R. Martint RE,FE,RENCES Altiner D. (1991) - Microfossil, biostratigraphy (mainly foraminifers) of the Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous carbon- ate successions in North-\lestern Anatolia (Turkey). Geologica Rom., 27 , 167 -273, Roma. Altiner D., Kocygit A., Farinacci 4., Nicosia U. & Conti A. (1991) - Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous stratigraphy and paleogeographic evolution of the southern part of North-lWestern Anatolia (Turkey). Geologica Rom., 27, 13-80, Roma. 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