Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia voìume 108 SHORT PALAEOECOLOGICAL NOTES TORTONIAN OSTRACODS pagine 289-296 Luglio 2002 ON THE MIDDLE SERRAVALLIAN-BASAL FROM THE TREMITI ISLANDS BARBARA DALL'ANTONIA Receiaed July 15,20A1; accepted Juanuary 9,2AA2 Key uords: Ostracoda, Palaeoecology, Systematics, Middle Miocene, Tremiti Islands. Riasswnto. Viene discusso il significato paleoecologico dell'os- tracofauna rinvenuta nelf intervallo Serravalliano medio-Tortoniano basale della successione delle Isole Tremiti. Questa è indicativa di un ambiente batiale per tutto I'interuallo investigato, ma modificazioni nella composizione delle associazioni suggeriscono che le condizioni al fondo subiscono alcuni cambiamenti. In particolare, nel Serravalliano medio gli ostracodi indicano I'esistenza di un ambiente a carattere ter- mosferico profondo soggetto, probabilmente, a deboli influenze psi- crosferiche. Nel Serravalliano terminale-Tortoniano basale registrano l'inizio di una graduale transizione verso condizioni tipiche della ter- mosfera superìore. La specie Bradleya (?) saxolensis Russo, 1966 viene discussa ed attribuita d, genere Agrenocythere Benson, 19l2. Abstract. The palaecological significance of the ostracod faunas from the middle Serravallian-basal Tortonian of the temiti Islands is briefly discussed. The fauna is typical of the bathyal envìronment throughout the investigated interual. Compositional changes recorded in the assemblages, however, indicate that bottom-water conditions varied. Sfithin the middle Serravallian, ostracods point to the existence of a lower thermospheric environment with possible feeble psychros- pheric influences. In the latest Serravallian-basal Tortonian, the start of a gradual shift towards upper thermospheric conditions is recognizable. The species Bradleya (?) saxolensis Russo, 1966 is herein re- described and placed into the genus Agrenocythere Benson,1972. Introduction Deep-sea ostracods are a valuable tool for the diagnosis of the physical conditions of deep water-mass- es and have been often used to detect and investigate global and local palaeoceanographical changes (Benson & Sylvester-Bradley 1971; Benson 1.973, 1975, 1.976, 1978, L990; Benson et aI. 1,984; Vhatley & Coles 1991; Majoran 6c Dingle 2001). Some ostracod genera are p^r- ticularly useful for recognizing past thermospheric and psychrospheric conditions. Among these is the genus Agrenocytbere Benson, 1972, which is thought (Benson 1,972, 1976) to be virtually restricted to the upper psy- chrosphere (oceanic .waters beneath the permanent ther- mocline with temperature from 4'C to 8-10'C). Oblita- cytbereis Benson, 1977 is likewise regarded (Benson 1973, 1.976, 1.977) as typical of the lower thermosphere (waters with temperature from 1O'C to 1,6-2A'C overly- ing the psychrosphere in the open ocean or filling restricted basins). The aim of the present note is to discuss briefly the palaecological significance of the ostracod fauna from the middle Serravallian-basal Tortonian of the Tremiti Islands. In addition. some few, essential infor- mation on the Langhian-early Serravallian assemblages from the Tremiti Islands succession, which have been recently studied by the present author (Dall'Antonia 2OOO, Ph.D. thesis 2001, in review), are incorporated. The sampling and bio-chronostratigraphical framework used for the ostracod study are essentially those of Iac- carino et al. (2001), although herein, the foraminiferal zonal scheme has been modified according to the new proposals of Sprovieri er al. (2002). This note supple- ments the more extensive palaeoecological analysis per- formed on the benthic foraminifera from a coeval com- posite section of the Tremiti Islands by Russo et al. QA04, notwithstanding that the sampling and temporal framework utilized are quite different. Material and methods The middle Serravailian-basal Tortonian [MMi 7 (P partimlabiata) Zone-base of the MMi 10 (G. obliqu- ws obliquws) Zone] succession of the Tremiti Islands consists of whitish indurated hemipelagic marls interca- lated with grey or reddish marls belonging to the Cre- taccio Formation. The succession is well exposed in the San Nicola Island and is documented entirely in Section 9 andpartialiy in Sections 5,6,7 and 8 (Fig. 1) of Iac- carino et al. (2001). All together, 59 samples from the Dìpartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Via S. Maria 53,56726 Pisa, Italy, e-mail: barbarad@dst.unrpr.it 294 B. Dall'Antonìa above-mentioned sections have been used for the ostra- cod study. Systematic analysis revealed the presence of assem- blages of deep-water character in all the examined sam- ples. Only in a single sample (sample 172 of Section 8) a few ;'uvenile specimens pertaining ro the shallow-water genus Awrila Pokorny, 1955 have been recovered. These specimens have been regarded as allochthonous and harre been consequently disregarded in the palaecological con- siderations. Collectively a total of 69 taxawere identified, of these 11 are yet undescribed. Synthetic range charts for ostracod species are reported in Tab. 1. Some species temporarily disappear from the record within the interval under discussion, but are already presenr below and/or reappear higher in the Miocene (Langhian-Messinian) succession of the Tremiti Islands. Local First Occurrence (FO) and Last Occurrence (LO) records are, rherefore, indicated in Tab. 1. Since biozonal resolution is inadequate to enable a {Fig. 1 - Geological map of the Tremi- ti Islands with location, lithology and biostratigraphi- cal correlation of the middle Serravallian-basal Tortonian sections used for the ostra- cod study (modified after Taccarino er al. 200 l;. )Tab. 1 - Ostracod range charts for the middle Serravallian-basal Tor- tonian of the Tremìti Islands. detailed correlation between samples of the various sec- tions to be made, no rigorous quanritarive analysis has been carried out on the ostracod faunas and only long- term compositional changes have been investigated. Fig. 2 gives the relative abundance (percent value) of the most significant (major component or palaeoecological- ly noteworthy) taxa recorded in the studied interval. Palaeoecological significance of the ostracod fauna The ostracod faunal composition is typical of bathyal environment throughout the investigated inter- val. Both qualitative and quantitative changes in the assemblages, however, indicate that bottom-water con- ditions altered during the middle Serravallian-basal Tor- tonian interval. In the middle Serravallian [MMi Za (P. partimlabi- ata/G. drury) Subzone-lower part of the MMi 7b (P S, NICOLA ISLAND Bio-chf onostratigraphy planktonic foram n fe6 Post-lrt oc"n" Un S I l\,4iocene Un ts E ere-tultoc"neunts ffi 5,6,7,8,9 locaton ofthe investigated sectons .r r--==-L L I -"' I t: l\larls of the Cretaccio Fm. L . _ -_.06+sa_ptes Faulls // LI- Ostracods from the Tremiti Islands 291, mayeri) Subzone] the major components of the fauna (mean percent value > 2%) are, in order of relative abundance, Henryhouella asperrima Reuss, Cytherella owlgata Ruggieri, Bwntonia rnwlticostata Ruggieri, Cytherella postdenticulata OertIi, Cardobairdia glabra? van den Bold, Bairdia profwnda (Aiello, Barra & Bona- duce), Obliacytbereis (Paleoblitaqtthereis) apula DaI- I'Antonia, Kritbe iniqua Abate, Barra, Aieilo Ec Bona- duce, Cytlterella sp. 4, Cosa ciampol Ruggieri,,4 wstraloe- cia posterocurua Barra & Bonaduce, Xestoleberis prognattl Bonaduce Er Danielopol and Cytherella russoi Sissingh. The deep thermospheric genus Oblitacythereis is repre- sented mostly (99%) by the above-mentioned O. (P) apwla and to a lesser extent by O. rugiedl (Russo) . Such a faunai composition characterized by the common occurrence of typical deep water faxa, i.e. Aus- traloecia, Cardobairdia, Cytherella (smooth species), Henrythowella, Krithe, Xestoleberis prognata and notably fenurs Australoecía Barra & Bonaduce, 200 1 Bairdia Barra & Bonaduce, Bunlonia dedonenis Ruooieri. 1954 g!99!9!rdE eElra r]ln q9!'_991d , l! e6_8__ Cytheteila vulg?!?. Ruggeí 1.962 Henryhowella aspeffima (Reuss, 1850) .Kilthe cmilessa (Seguenza, 1880) . Cvîhercila sp.4 Rectobunton i a m ira nd a Bol4_qg_er_9E]!pq 3 Àrq!9!!.1919 Xesfo/eòer! prognafa Bonaduce & Oanielc Baidia sp. 2 Cylheropteron (Aversov.l pinarense van den Bold Aiello. Barra & Bonaduce. 1996 Eucytherc pubera Bonaduce, Ciampo & l,4asoli, 1976 Krithe iníaua Abate. Bara. Aiello & Bonaduce. 1993 Occultocylhercis cullgr Aiello, Bara & Bonaduce, 2000 1980 sensu Paakrithe rotundata Aiello,BaralAbate & Borladuc€, 1993 ___- 4 tsjll999E 99 y!!!!99]li utt { :-18e 4 Loxocurnig!.ll!!! quadlj9gm,s (Ru.SSier,, 1962) s/Vele, Athersuch. 1978 Argílloecia gonzalesi BarG, Aielìo & Bonaduce, 1996 Ct'thetopteron (C.) bîfidun Colalongo & Pasini, 1980 subsp. 1 Retibythere (Bathibyiherc ) vandenboldi (Rsggie1, 19601 Cadobaidia sp.2 Cylhercpteron (A.\ lancei Carbonnel, 1969 9r4lc.elqigvg!4 r9991!!i9q Macrocyprissa sp. aft. M. arcuata (Col€]ln€o & Pasini, 1980) Cailnovalva aquila (Ruggieri, 1972) Macrcmckenziea Masoli & . t977 Costa tricostata (Reuss, 1850) subsp. 1 Sagmatocylherc tenuis (Ciampo, 1980) Saida ionia Ciampo, 1988 Mac@cypris sp.2 Ary,uoecè 4isjq4qyqlllsrqisjltg[ 1 97?_ _ __ Cythercplercn lA .) sp. 1 292 B. Dall'Antonia Oblitacythereis ([or explicative remarks on rhe palaeoe- cology of these taxa see Dall'Antonia et al. 2OO1), sug- gests bottom water conditions characteristic of the lower thermosphere. The assemblage, however, includes rare psychrospheric forms. Agrenocythere saxolensis (Russo) is, in fact, randomly present with mostly juve- nile specimens and very low values of relative abundance (1-2%).It is noteworthy that psychrospheric ostracods, comprising both,4. saxolensis and Ayenocytbere hazelae (van den Bold), are relatively common in the Langhian and in the earliest Serravallian [upper part of the MMi 5 (O. suturalis-P peripheroronda) Zone) of the temiti Islands (Dall'Antonia Ph.D. thesis 2001, in review). Their occurrence documents that before the time inter- val investigated herein, deep oceanic water-masses char- acterized the circulation pattern of the area. Psychros- pheric forms temporarily disappear from the record (Dall'Antonia Ph.D. thesis 2001, in review) during the early Serravallian [MMi 6 (D. altispira ahispira) Zone) to re-appear sporadically (as previously discussed) in the middle Serravallian [MMi 7a (P partimlabiata/G. drury,) Subzone and lower part of the MMi 7b (P mayeri) Sub- zone]. In the above outlined contexr, the occurrence of A. saxolensis within a typical de ep thermospheric fauna seems to be suggestive of a 1ate, very weak influx of psy- chrospheric water-masses in the area. Within the late Serravallian [upper part of the MMi Zb (P mayeri) Subzone-lower parr of the MMi S (N. atlantica praeatlantica) Zone], major components of the assemblages do not show significant change and the fauna appears to be typical of the lon'er thermosphere as indicated by the common occurrence of Oblitacythereis (P) apula and the absence of psychrospheric taxa. The latest Serravallian-basal Tortonian interval [upper part of the MMi 8 (lx[. atlantica praeatlantica) Zone-base of the MMil a Gd. obliquws obliqwus) Zonef is characterizedby a gradual shift from deep thermos- pheric to higher temperature tolerating species. Such a compositional change includes: - a decreasing incidence of the gews Oblita- cythereis and notably the LO ol O. (P.) apula at the top of the Serravallian ftop of the MMi 9 (P siakensis) Zonef; - a decrease in the relative abundance of Aus- traloecìa posterocurúd and the genus Cardobairdia; - an increase in the relative abundance of the genus Co.rta Neviani, 1928 represented by Costa ciampoì and Costa tricostata (Reuss) subsp. 1 fthe genus Costa is mainly typical of the shelf (Ruggieri 1961; Benson 1973),but most tolerant species are able to live in deep- er environments (Ruggieri 7992, p. 176-178), as are pre- sumably those encountered in the present studyl; - an increase in the relative abundance of Acan- thocytbereis hystrix (Reuss) fthe optimum of this species lying between 100 and 200 meters in the modern Mediterranean (Bonaduce et al. 1976; Ruiz &, Gonzalez- Regalado 1996)l; - the FO of Sagmatocythere tenuis (Ciampo) [recent congeneric species live most often in the inner- outer shelf (Bonaduce et aI. 1,976,1988)]. Conclusions Ostracods from the middle Serravallian-basa1 Tor- tonian of the Tremiti Islands are indicative of a bathyal environment. Vithin the middle Serravallian bottom water conditions are essentially those of the lower ther- mosphere, but the scattered occurrence of Agrenocythere saxolensis (mostly as juveniles specimens) seems to be suggestive of the presence of feeble deep oceanic influ- ences. From this time onward, in contrast to indications from the benthonic foraminifera (Russo et aI. 2OO2), ostracods are unable to provide evidence of further psy- chrospheric infiuences in the area and the faunas of the late Serravallian appear to be typical of a deep thermos- pheric environment. In addition, in the latest Serraval- lian-basal Tortonian the decreasing frequency of the €lenera Oblitacythereis, Australoecia and Cardobairdia and the increasing incidence of taxa mainly related to shelf environments indicate the srart of a transition from lower thermospheric to upper thermospheric bottom water conditions. Appendix - Taxonomic note on Agrenocythere sdxolensis (Russo, 1966) The examination of the type material of Bradleya (?) saxolensis Russo, 1966 and further specimens from the Miocene succession of the Tremiti Islands indicates that this species should be assigned to the genus,4grenocythere Benson and that its original description requires amend- ment. The terminology of the external carapace features employed herein is that proposed by Benson (1972).The figured specimens are housed in the Ostracoda Collec- tion of Prof. A. Bossio (C.O.B. 165-166), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa, Ita1y. Class Ostracoda Latreille, 1806 Order Podocopida Mùlier, 1894 Suborder Podocopa Sars, 1866 Superfamily Cytheracea Baird, 1 850 Family tachyleberididae Sylvester-Bradley, 1948 Subfamily Trachyleberidinae Sylvester-Bradley, 1948 Genus Agrenocytbere Benson, 1972 Type Species ,4 grenoclthere spinosa Benson, 1972 Agrenocythere saxolensis (Russo, 1966) (Fig. 3a-d) 1966 Bradleya (?) saxolensís Russo, p.2.11, text-fig. 3. pl.14, fig. 3a-d. ? 1979 Agrenocythere sp. L - Ducasse & Pe1-pouquet, pl. 2, trg. 7. Ostracod; from the Tremiti Islands 293 c .9 o ct) @ C @(f) \ .9 @(f) O be ls co - ezzo -?2 l1 7/,u, 9.-"?o, -oolo* 9 ó>^- -,í1V "?soo- '% 9r\ *-Ju ,"r"r.i_ -o, 294 B. Dall'Antonia Fig. 3a-d - SEM microphotographs of Agrenocythere saxolensis (Russo, 1966). (x 80 unless otherwise stated). a, b, c) L! C.O.B 165, Section 3III of Iaccarino et al. (2001) sample 37, early Langhian: a, external view; b, dorsal view; c, detail oÍ castrum, x 180; d) RV external view, C.O.B 166, Section 3IIl of Iaccarino et al. (2001) sample 32, early Langhian. ? 1993 Agrenocythere sp. - Riha, pl. 1, fig. 1-6. ' Material. 22 valves of which many are juveniles. Emended diagnosis. A species of Agrenocytbere charactenzed by a thin, regular reticulate ornament with quadrangular meshes; cas- trum distinctive and moderately prominent; bwllar seríes reduced to bìunt rpinet. Posterìor end markedly acuminare. Emended description. Left valve subtrapezoidal, elongate in lateral view. Anterior margin broadly round- ed with tuberculate perimarginal rib; posterior margin triangular with apex below mid height. Both extremities are furnished with short marginal spines. Dorsal margin straight, sloping downwards to posterior; ventral margin rectilinear to slightly convex. Reticular patrern quire regular, with quadrangular fossae and short, obtuse con- .junctive spines. In the posterior area the fossae are rhomboidal and the muri are aligned into opposed crossed system. Castrwm moderately prominent and characterized by a regular ballium; parapectus confined to the three through sixballialfossae.TherzT,ir consists of a U-shaped upper portion (bearing a prominent specuLa), which surrounds the peraial fossa and of a L-shaped lower part, which delimits the fossa arcis. The forwm is wide and depressed. The dorsal bullae are reduced to more or less prominent spines. Eye-tubercle absent. Ventro-lateral rib well developed and ponticulate. In dorsal view carapace s\À/ollen medianly; both extremities laterally compressed. Internal features typrcal of the genus. Size lmm). LV (C.O.B. 165) L :1.25, H:0.68, h:0.36 RV (C.O.B. 166) L: 1,.04, H = 0.55, h = 0.30 Remarks. A. saxolensii strongly differs from A. hazelae (Cythereis hazeli van den Bold, 1946, p.92, pI. 10, fig. 4a-c) in the less massive and more regular reticular pattern and the structure of the castrum. These features make ,4. saxolensis quite similar to Agrenocythere radula (Cythere radula Brady, 1880, p. 102, pI. 1,9, fig. 4a-b). The two species, however, differ in the lateral outline (,4. saxolensis having a more acuminate posterior end and a Ostracods from tbe Tremiti Islands 295 less convex ventral margin), development and nature of the ventro-lateral rib (A. saxolensis having a clearly pon- ticulate and more prominent ventro-lateral rib) and, finally, the structure of the castrum. Agrenocythere sp. 1 in Ducasse & Peypouquer (1979) and Agrenocythere sp. in Riha (1993) strongly resemble the present species in the ordinate and regular reticulate ornament, but quality of the illustrations and lack of description prevent their positive assignment to Russo's species. Previous records, ? Late Palaeocene-Early Pliocene of the North Atlantic (Ducasse tr Peypouquet 1979) - Reported from Leg 48 Site 400-4. Site 401 (Northern Continental Mar- gin of the Bay of Biscay) and Site 403 (Rockall Area). In Site 403 Agrenocythere sp. 1 Ducasse & Peypouquet was found in association wrth Bradleya, Poseidonamicus and Echinocytherels. According to Ducasse & Peypouquet (1979, p. 346) this association is indicative of a depth close to that of the site today (about 2700 m). ? Early Badenian of Moravia {Riha 1993 1 - Report- ed in a mixed association of shallox-water and deep- water ostracods, which is not characteristic of typical psychrospheric conditions (Riha 1,993,p.158). The esti- mated depth of this association is of 200-1000 m (Rihe REFER Benson, R.H. (1,972) -The Bradleya Problem, with description of two new psychrospheric Ostracode genera, Agreno- cythere and Poseidonamiczs (Ostracoda: Crustacea). Smithsonian Contr. Paleobiol.,v. 12, pp. 1-138, Vashing- ton. Benson, R.H. (1973) - An ostracodal r'iew of the Messinian salinity crisis. In: Drooger, C. \il (Ed.), Messinian events in the Mediterranean. Wrh. le. neder. Akad. .'Weten s ch., pp. 23 5 -242 Amsterdam. Benson, R.H. (1975) - The origin of the psychrosphere as recorded in changes of deep-sea ostracode assemblages. Letbaia, v. 8, pp. 69-83, Oslo. Benson, R.H. (1976) - Miocene deep-sea ostracodes of the Iberian Portal and the Balearic Basin. Marine Micropale- ontologt, v. 1, pp. 249-262, Amsterdam. Benson, R.H. (1977) - Evolution of Oblitacythereis from Pale- ocosta (Osrracoda: Trach;.leberididae) during the Ceno- zoic in the Mediterranean and Atlantic. Smithsonian Contr. Paleobiol., v. 33, pp. 1-47,rVashington. Benson, R.H. (1978) - The paleoecology of the Ostracodes of DSDP Leg 42-A. Init. Rep. Deep Sea Drill. Project,v.42 (t), pp. 777-787, (U. S. Government Printing Office) rVashington. Benson, R.H. (1990) - Ostracoda and the discoverv of global Cainozoic paleoceanographical events. In: \Whatley, R. & Maybury, C. (Eds.), Ostracoda and Global Events, pp. 41-58, Chapman and Hall Press, London. Benson, R.H. & Sylvester-Bradley, PC. (1971) - Deep-sea Ostracodes and the transformation of Ocean to Sea in 1.989, 1993). Langhian of Pescale, Northern Apennines (Russo 1966) - Reported associated wrth Macrocypris, Argilloe- cia, Krìtbe, Bythocyprìs, B untonia radiatopora radiatopo- ra (Seguenza), Bairdia and Cytherel/a (Russo 1966, p. na-Tr). Occurrence in the Tremiti lslands succession. Early Langhian fupper part of the MMi 4a (P glomerosa sicana) Subzone] and mid Serravailian [MMi 7a (P partimlabiata/G. drury) Subzone-lower part of the MMi Zb (P mayeri) Subzonel. Ackno'eledgements. The author gratefully acknowledges Pro- fessor Nevio Pugiiese and an anonymous referee for their fruitful comrìents to the manuscript. 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