Rir.ista ltaliana di Paleontologìa e Stratigrefia

SHORT NOTE - NOTA BREVE

EO STYLOCEROS CF. PTDOPLTT SCHKOI KOROTKEVITS CH 1,964 (CERVTDAE,
MUNTIACINAE): NE\T ELEMENT IN THE NEOGENE MAMMAL ASSEMBLAGE OF

LO\TER VALDARNO (TUSCANY, CENTRAL ITALY)

LAURA ABBAZZI'E{ ROMAN CROITOR,

Receii:ed September 16,2002; accepted Mdrch 28, 2AA3

Key raords: Cen idae, Muntiacinte, Eos4t loceros, Sl.stematic Plle-
ontologl-, Lowcr Valdarno, Tuscany, Early to Middle PIiocene.

Abstract. An EostyLoceros antler fragment ìs described. Tbe
specimen makes part of rhe Montopoli (Lon'er Valdarno, Tuscany)
collection preserved jn the Geo-Paleontological section of the Natu-
ral History Museum of Florence. This site is the t.vpe locality of the
homonymous Faunal Unit of the ltalian Biochronologìcrl scheme; ir
includes the latest Early Villafranchian Mammal Age faunas. The oc-
currence of an Eostyloceros species among this material howeler, is in
disagreement with the age of the Montopoli local fauna, whìch has been
correlated with the Gauss-Matuyama boundaru and thus dated to about
2.6 Ma. The youngest remains of this genus come from sites of eastern
Europe Early Pliocene in age (Ruscinian Mammal Age). The possibil-

ìt1' that the anrler ìs an external elenrent to the Montopolì assemblage
js therefore contemplated.

Rìassurtto. Nel presente lavoro viene riportata per la prima volta
la presenz-a della specie Eostyloceros cf. pidoplìtschkol Korotkevitsch tra
ìl materiale rinvenuto nella località Montopolì. Montopoli, nel Valdar-
no inferiore (Toscana), è una località fossìlifera nota fìn dall'800, in cui
sono stlti rinvenuti resti di mamrniferi che rappresentano un punto di
riferimento per la biocronologia italiana. La fauna locale dì Montopoli,
calibrata in prossimità del pessaggio tra i Magnetocroni Gauss e Matu-
yama, è stata infatti utilizzata per definire la parte alta dell'etàL a mam-
nriferi Villafrenchìano ìnferìore. L:r presenza dt Eostyloceros costiruisce
un dato nuovo per l'Italia e contempor.rneamente pone dei problemi
biocronologici in quanto le segnalazioni più recenti dei suor rappresen-

tenti provensono da localitii dell'Europa
orientale riferite al Pliocene inferiore (E,tà
a Mammiferi Rusciniano). Per giustifica-
rc h pre.enza di que.r,, Muntiacino tr.r
il materiale fossile di Montopoli vengo-
no prese in considerazìone due ipotesi:
secondo la prima il palco analizzato è ri-
maneggiato e proviene dall'elaborazione
di depositi di origine continent:rle di età
Pliocene inferiore; sulla base della secon-
da ipotesi si suggerisce che il reperto non
rir rtrto raccolro a Monropoìi, mJ pro-
tengl in rerlrr d.r un'rrer ldiacente in cui
affiorano terrenì continentali del Plioce-
ne inferiore.

Location map of the Monto-
poli site. The extension of
Lower and Middle Plìocene
marine deposits is shown.

50121 Firenze ItaÌia - E-mail:labbazzi(!geo.unifi.it
1, 2028 Chiqinàu Moldor.a - E-mail: karpatos@,ìexcite.com

1

2

Dipartirnento di Scienze della Terra
Institutul de Zooìogie al Academiej

Università di Fircnze, Via G. La Pira'1,
de $tiinfe din Moldova, str. Academìeì

November

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Fig.2 - Chronological scheme.

lntroduction

A fragment of a shed antler of Eostylctceros cf.
pidoplitschkol Korotkevitsch was found during the in-
spection of fossil deer material from the locality Mon-
topoli (Lower Valdarno, Tuscany, Central ltaly, Fig. 1),
stored in the Geo-Paleontological section of the Natural
History Museum of Florence University. The fossil was
apparently recovered by Forsyth-Mayor in the 1880, as
suggested by an original hand-writren nore, but its ex-
act stratigraphic provenance is unknown.

Montopoli is celebrated (\fleithofer 1893; Forsyth-
Malor 1877,1885; Azzaroll 1977) for the high numbe r of
fossil mammal remains it yielded from Middle Pliocene
shallow marine deposits (De Giuli et al. 1983; Benvenuti
et aL.1995). The fossil-bearing beds have been calibrated to
the Gauss-Matuyama boundary and thus dated to about 2.6
Ma (Lindsay et al. 1980). Though the specimens do not all
come from the same stratigraphic level, they are altogether
considered as a local fauna (De Giuli & Heintz 1974a) rep-
resentative of the homonymous Faunal Unit which defines
the l:ìtest part of the Early Villafranchian Mamnr:rl Aqe
(Azzaroli 197a,1977; Gliozzi et a1.1997 Fig. 2).

The unpublished antler fragment, obl'ect of the
present work, differs from all other Montopoli cervids,
which include: Eucladoceros sp., Pseudodama c[. lyra,
Procapreolus cusanus and Croizetoceros rLlmosus (De
Giuli & Herntz 1974b: Azzaroh 1977,1992\

The presence of an Eostyloceros representative
in Lower Valdarno opens an intriguing biochronologi-
cal problem, since Eostyloceros is reported from vari-
ous eastern European and Asian latest Miocene and
Early Pliocene localities (Ruscinian Mammal Age; Vis-
lobokova 1983,1990; Vislobokova et a|.1993), unless
we do not believe it is a Ruscinian holdover in Middle
Piiocene times. This however contrasts with the ac-
knowledged disappearance of Ruscinian elements that
marks the transition to the Montopoli fauna. This sig-
nificant faunal turnover, known as the Elephant-Equ-
us evenr (Lindsay et al. 1980), was due to a global cli-
matic change that gave rise to a generalised cooling and
increasing aridity, which occurred at the time of the
Gauss-Metuyxma transition.

Comparative diffrattometric analyses of the sedi-
ments covering the Eostyloceros antler and two "Pseudo-
d,ama" lyra jaw fragments from the Montopoli assemblage
were carried out with the intent of knowing more about
the possible source of the Eostyloceros. The two matrices
significantly differ, suggesting a different provenance.

The silty-sandy sediment on the Eostyloceros
antler is characterised by the dominance of calcite and
quartz and by a low content of feldspars, while that on
lsoth Psewdodama mandibles is low in calcite but high
in feldspars (N. Cipriani pers. com.). Moreover, rhe
Eostyloceros antler is slighlty polished indicaring a cer-
tain degree of transport, while the Montopoli fossils are
generally unabraded, and show evidence of pre-burial
weathering and of root etching (Mazza pers. com.).

These accumulated evidence suggests that the antler of
EosE,loceros might be extraneous to the Montopoli mammal
assemblage. Tw-o alternatives could explain its occurrence:

1) Lower Pliocene continental or shallow marine
deposits are more widespread than previously supposed,
as suggested by recent investigations in nearby areas
(e.g. Valdelsa and Val di Pesa Basins, Benvenuti & Degli
Innocenti 2001; Rook et al. 2001; Tangocci 2OO1), and
therefore the Eostyloceros remain could have been re-
worked from those depo.its:

2) alternatively, the antler might have not been re-
covered at the Montopoli site, but somewhere else in
the surroundings, wherein Lower Pliocene continental
deposits outcrop.

Systematic palaeontology

Order Artiodactyla Owen, 1848

Suborder Ruminantia Scopoli, 1777

Infraorder Pecora Linneaus, 1758

Family Cervidae Gray, 1821

Subfamily Muntiacinae Pocock, 1 923

Genus Eostyloceros Zdansky, 1925



Fig. 3 - Eos1'loceros cf. pidoplitschkoi lGF8218r- from l-or.er Valdirr,
no. A - frontal vien, B - rncdial vieq C - larcral vien, D -
ventral vierv of burr.

Eostyloceros cf. pidoplitschkoi Korotkevitsch, 1964
Fig. 3

Material. A rieht shed antler IGF8218v (Fig.3, Tab. 1)

Description. The antler is two-pointed, with the
bifurcation set close to the burr (Fig.3; Tab. 1); thc ante-
rior tine is comparatively smaller than the posrenor one,
which is broken at abollt 10 cm fron'r its base. The surface
is streaked by r.vell devcloped ridges and furrows. Close
to the bifurcation, on the medi;rl side, the surface is in-
tensely pearled. The cross section of the anterior branch
is trianeular-shaped (Fig. 3B). The posterior branch h:rs a
triangular cross section too, which turns oval in the dis-
tal part (Fig. 3B). In frontal vierv the bearn is straight.
The anterior branch forms an angle of 45' n'ith the pos-
tcrior branch.

Eostyloceros cf. pidoplitschkoi from Lower Valdarno 577

Discussion and Comparisons. The antler has a
typical Muntiacine morphology. The short length, the
dichotomous pattern with the splitting close to the burr
and the disproportion between the branches are typical
Eostyloceros traits (Fig. 3).

\fhile Muntiacinae cervids are very common in the
European mammal faunas during Middle and Late Miocene
(see for example Azanza 2000), they decline considerably
from the Early Pliocene, when their geographic distribu-
tion shrinks to include only eastern Europe and Asia, with
only one fairly well documented western European ge-
nus, Paracet"uulus, which characterizes the Latest Turolian-
Rus cinian f aunas (Vis lobokova 1 99 2 ; D ong 19 9 6;'\bbazzr
2001; Abbazzi k Azanza2A0a).

The Italian antler has been comoared with mun-
tiacine from latest Miocene-Early Pl'ocene European
and Asiatic sites: Eostyloceros pidoplitschleoi (from Low-
er Pliocene deposits of Kuchurgan river at sites Novo-
petrovka, Yurievka, Voinich, and from Trifonesti type 1o-
cality, south-eastern Moldova, Korotkevitsch 197a), Eo-
styloceros blainvillei (latest Miocene of China and Mon-
eolia, Korotkevitsch 1920; Vislobokova 1983, 1990), and
Muntiacus pliocaenicus (Eariy Pliocene of Ukraine, Ko-

| ' I r^-^.rotKevltscn Iy,/uì.
The comparison of the leneth of the first seg-

ment (lateral distance measured from the bifurc.rtion to
the burr, Fig. 3) with the antero-posterior diameter of
the antler base (measurèd just above the burr, Fig. 3) is
shown in Fig. 4a. In this diagram the points representing
E. blaincillei form a quite separate cluster from those of
E. pidoplitschkoi, thus xrtesring to a longer 1" segment.
Muntiacus pliocaenicus is also separated from EosE,loceros,
being significantly smaller-sized and having a higher bi-
furcation, like in Recent Muntiacus. The cloud of points
relative to E. pidoplitschleoi frorn Ukraine evidences that
the 1" segment and the dimensions of antler base are in-
versely correlated. The lower position of the bifurcation
expands the antero-posterior diameter. The lowering of
bifurcation is an ontogenetic character, older individu-
als having a smaller value in the l" segment, as already
pointed by Korotkevitsch (1920). This feature is shared
by other cervid genera as well.

Focusing on mere morphological differences, the
index relating the 1" segment to the latero-medial di-
ameter of antler base (1" segment/lmdbeam of antler
baseX 1OO, Fig. 3) is plotted against the index of flatten-
ing of antler base (apdbeam/lmdbeamx100, Fig. 3) in
Fig. 4b. The different morphology ol E, blaìnvillei and
Muntiacus pliocaenicws due to the higher position of bi-
furcation and more circular antler base is confirmed. The
antler of Montopoli differs from that of E, pidoplitschkoi
in the sub-circular cross-section of the antler base. On
the b:rsis of the accumulated evidence, we can confident-
lv refer the Itelian antler to the genus Eosty/oceros,whlle
for its specific attribution we calltiously refer to it "rs to
E. c[. oidoolitschleoi.

5 cnr

W^3 qrr i \pd-;ili
I Lnrdbeam l



T3xon
E. cf. pídoplitschkoi
E. pidoplítschkoí
E. pidoplitschkoi
E. pidoplitschkoi
E. pidoplíîschkoi
E. pidoplitschkoi
E. pidoplitschkoi

E. pidopÌitschkoí
E. pidoplixchkoí
E. pidoplÌtschkoi
E. pidoplítschkoí
E. pidoplitschkoi
E. pidoplítschkoi
E. pidoplùschkoi
E. pídoplít.sc'hbi
E. blainvillei
E. blqinvilleí
E. hlqinvillei
E. blainvílleí
E. b/ainvillei
E. cî. pidop/itschkoi
M. pliocaenicu.s
M. pliocaenicus
M. pliocaenicus

LocaliLv
Tuscany
Trifbnesti
Yurievka (Kuchurgan)

Voinich (Kuchurgan)

Novopetrovka
(Kuchurgan)

::

Clirra

apdbeam !4qdbeam I segm. angle
37.0 36.6 32.4 55'
43.5 24.2 39.8 10"
J7.0 21.2 2q.0
10.0 20.5 2q.5
3S.6 2-.2 2?.t
30.0 24.0 ll.0
i0.8 2ó.5 .ì5.0

J7.2 24.5 I1.0
200

21.00

25.5 II.5 12.5
17.0 l).J 21.0
10.5 t().4 21.5
I1.0 2c.b .ì-.5
4l.o -- 60 o
4 I .0 59.0

__ 4 t.5
17.0 51.5
37 -- 51.0
40.5 33.0 29.0 90"

21 .5

r8.5 16.0 36.0
20.x Iq.6 .r8.0

apdìurr

Lucesti
Kuchurgan

51.6 31 .0
43.0 31.3
31.4 25.0
40.0 3 l .5
29.8 26.7
33.5 33.7

38.3 32.0
35.0 30.5
-- 26.1

29.0 19.6
30.0 27.0
41.0 29.5
36.3 26.2
3 r.0 24.0
52.0
53.5
46.0
57.0
55.5
17.4 ,+8.8
3,{.0 28.0
r 8.5 16.0
20.8 19.6

578

Eostyloceros pidoplitscbkoi Korotkevitsch is the only
species of the genus known from the Early Pliocene of
Est Europe. The definition of this deer is based on the
morphology of antlers, pedicles and frontal bones. The

Fig. 4 - a) Scatter diagram of first segrnent against antero-posterior
diameter of antler base (apdbeam) of E. pidoplitschboi from
Trifonesti, Yurievka, Voinich and Novopetrovka, E. blainvil-
Iei Írom Cina, E. cf. pidoplitschboi from Lucesti and "Mon-
topoli", and M. pliocaenicus from Kuciurgan river. b) Scat-
ter diagram of first segment/latero-medial diameter of entler
base':100 against antero-posterior diameter of antler base/
latero-medial diameter of antler base'tlO0 oÍ E. pidoplttsch-
Èol from Trifonesti, Yurier.ka, Voinich and Nor-opetror.ka, E.

blaint,illei from Cina, E. cf. pidoplitscbkoi Îrom Lucesti and
"Montopoli", and M. pliocaenicus Îrom Kuchurgan rìr'er.

Measurements of antlers of
Eostyloceros and Muntiacus
species. All data are from Ko-
roîkevitsch (1970). Legend:
apdburr : antero-posterior
diameter of burr; lmdburr
: latero-medial diameter of
burr; .rpdbe.rm : rnlero-po\-
terior diameter of beam just
above burr; lmdbeam : lat-
ero-medial diameter of beanr
just .tbove burr: I 'ce,nì. :
fìr.t segment length: rnele-
angle of bifurcation.

type specimen (Nr 5634, stored in the National Museum
of Natural History, Kiev, Fig. 5a), was discovered in the
fossiliferous outcrop near Trifonesti, (eastern Moldova)
from the "Pliocene Bessarabian sands" and the main part
of the material ascribed to this species was found in the
deposits of the Kuchurgan river va1ley (Fig. 5b). The other
species of Eostyloceros, E. blain'uillei Zdansky, E. trian-
gularis Zdansky, E, propria Abdrahmanova and E. maci
Vislobokova are described'from the Latest Miocene-Early
Pliocene of China, Mongolia and Kazahstan, and from the
Early Pliocene of Baikal region of Russia (Zdansky 1925;
Abdrahmanova 1974; Vislobokova 1985, 1990).

Conclusion

The occurrence of Eostyloceros in Itaiy represents
a significant westward expansion of the known Pliocene
geographic distribution of this genus.

Unfortunately the unknown stratigraphical context
prevents any further conclusions about the occurrence
of this genus. The accompanying fauna at Kuchurgan,
where Korotkevitsch (1964) first discovered the finds of
E. pidoplisch,éol, is different from that of Montopoli, and
contains species as Muntiacus pliocaenicws Korotkevitsch,
Pli o c ervws k utchwrganicz.r Korotkevitsch, Parac era ulus
australis (de Serres), Procapreolus cf. cusanus (Croizet
et Jobert) which indicate a Ruscinian Age (see also Ko-
rotkevitsch 1965).

Therefore, also with the support of the sedimen-
tological evidence presented here, the antler fragment
from Montopoli can be reasonably interpreted as an
element stratigraphically incongruous to the rest of the
Montopoli local fauna, possibly reworked from nearby
lower Pliocene deposits, or the result of inappropriate
recovery.

Nonetheless, the presence of an Eostyloceros repre-
sentative in the Tuscan Paleontological collections urges

L. Abbazzi k R. Croitor

x Tilfbnesti

A Yilriclla

tr Voinrch

O No\oDotro\ka.

o E.hlanoillei

-ll. pliocaetúcil\

a Montoooli

O

O No\opclrorla

u vornrcn

A Yurie'ka

X Tilbnesti

a MoiltopoÌi

4t plíoeenieus

I t0 130 150
apdbeanr ìnrdbeanrx ì llll b



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to the adoption of multidisciplinary investigations in the
reconstruction of the paleoenvironmental evolution of
the Neogene of Tuscany.

Acknouleclgements. The Authors are deeply obliged to M.
Benvenuti (Earth Sciences Departmenr, Florence) for his suggestions
and for the constructive criticism of rhe manuscripr; to N. Cipriani
(Hearth Science Departnrent, Florence) who carried out the diffrat-
tometric analysis; to P. Mazza (Earth Sciences Department, Florence)

Eos4tloceros cf. pidoplitschkoi from Lott,er Valdarno 579

Fig.5 - a) Eostyloceros pidoplixchkoi
from Trifonesti (Moldavia) ho-
lotype, right antler on frontal
bone n. 5635 (Paleontological
Department of the Nation-
al Museum of Natural His-
tory Kiev), adapted from Ko-
rotkevitsch (1964), A) frontal
view, B) medial view; b) Iost1,
lo cero s p idop lìts ch ko i f rom Ku-
churgan (Ukraine), left antler
on frontal bone n. 1549 (Pale-
ontological Department of the
National Museum of Natural
History Kiev), A) medial view,
B) anterior vieq C) cross sec-
tion of anrerior branch, D) cross
section of posterjor branch.

for his contribution to the identification of the taphonomic charac-
ters of Montopoli fossils, and for improving English version of text,
to L. Rook and D. Torre (Earth Sciences Department, Florence) for
critical reading of text. Many thanks to T. Krakhmalnaya and to E.
Cìoppi for access to the fossil collections of rhe National Museum
of Natural History of Kiev and of the Geo-Paleontological section of
the Natural History Museum of Florence, respectìvely. Photos bv F.
Cozzini (Natural History Museum of Florence ). Research supporr-
ed by the A.G. Side Grant of the Linnaean Society of London and by
MIUR granrs 1D. TorreT.

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