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(%+ 4#)�!"5!"�33� 6!�� ���� � ����� (%+ !% � ������ !���� �# ����� "����"�� �����$ �������"� ��� �������� $4/ �����# ������8H �� !3�$ �! #4 !"�33� (%+ !�, 5() + )�2 #%! 6� ���# ��� � ������� � �������� �� ��� ���� ������� �� ������ )�# � �� �� � ��� !�� ���� � ����8/ �% "�),! #4 "1� %',-�) #4 )�,( %!� "1� %1(- "(%"! #4 #3�%� )("1�) +)* (%+ !"�33� 1(- "("! 6�I�8 9�)� 3)�+#, %(%" % -#"1 �(*�)! � (%+ 7� 91 �� "1#!� � 0 %2 % ,#)� 1', +� 9(), #) 4#)�!" 1(- "("! 9�)� ,'$1 ��!! $#,,#% 6E 2/ =8/ �1� 3�)$�%"(2�! #4 "1� 2)#'3! � � (%+ � % �(*�)! � (%+ 7 ()� !") . %2�* ! , �()H "1�)� ()� #%�* !� 21" + 44�)�%$�! % "1� 4)�B'�%$* #4 4#)�!" (%+ ,�(+#9 ���,�%"!� ,#)� 4#)�!" (%+ ��!! ,�(+#9 !3�$ �! &� ��'����' �%� (�"����' �%� !���������' �%� )�*� ����' +% , !�����-����' .%�7� Order Species Lagomorpha Lepus sp. Ochotona pusilla (Pallas, 1769) Carnivora Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) Ursus spelaeus Rossenmüller & Heinroth, 1794 Gulo gulo (Linnaeus, 1758) Martes martes Linnaeus, 1758 Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) Mustela nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 Crocuta spelaea (Goldfuss, 1823) Panthera spelaea (Goldfuss, 1810) Panthera pardus (Linnaeus, 1758) Felix silvestris Schreber, 1777 Proboscidea Mammuthus primigenius (Blumenbach, 1799) Perissodactyla Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach, 1799) Equus ferus Boddaert, 1785 Equus hydruntinus Regalia, 1907 Artiodactyla Megaloceros giganteus (Blumenbach, 1799) Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758 Bos primigenius Bojanus, 1827 Bison priscus (Bojanus, 1827) Capra ibex Linnaeus, 1758 Rupicapra rupicapra (Linnaeus, 1758) Rodentia Spermophilus cf. citelloides (Kormos, 1916) Castor fiber Linnaeus, 1758 Sicista subtilis (Pallas, 1773) Cricetulus migratorius (Pallas, 1773) Cricetus cricetus Linnaeus, 1758 Mesocricetus newtoni Nehring, 1898 Arvicola terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) Chionomys nivalis (Martino, 1842) Microtus (M.) arvalis (Pallas, 1778) & M. (M.) agrestis (Linnaeus, 1761) Microtus (Stenocranius) gregalis (Pallas, 1779) Microtus (Terricola) subterraneus (de Sélys-Longschamps, 1836) Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780) Lagurus lagurus (Pallas, 1773) Apodemus ex gr. sylvaticus-flavicollis (Linnaeus, 1758)/(Melchior, 1834) Spalax leucodon (Nordmann, 1840) Dryomys nitedula (Pallas, 1778) Muscardinus avellanarius (Linnaeus, 1758) Insectivora indet. Chiroptera indet. �(-/ @ 5 � !" #4 ,(,,(� "(>( 4#'%+ % "1� (0�! �()(% $( � (%+ �� 6(4"�) �)2(%" � � , ") :�0 $ �??F (%+ �#2 $�0 $ �" (�/ % 3)�3/8/ % �(*�) 7/ �1 ! %+ $("�! "1� �> !"�%$� #4 ( ,#!( $ #4 1(- "("! % "1� 0 $ % "* #4 "1� �()(% $( $(0�/ �1� )��(" 0� (-'%+(%$�! #4 "1� )#+�%" !3�$ �! 6-(!�+ #% ���8 % + 44�)�%" �(*�)! % �()(% $( ()� 3)�5 !�%"�+ % �(-�� ( 6�)2(%" � � , ") :�0 $ �??F8/ �1� )#+�%" 4('%( #4 �()(% $( 1(! -��% $#,3()�+ "# 4('%(! 4)#, "1)�� $(0� �#$(� " �! #4 "1� ! , �() (2� 4)#, �'�2() ( 6�#;()% .(� �($1# � )# (%+ (0� G8 (%+ #%� 4)#, ��)- ( 6�,#�'$ .( (0�8/ � %$� +�3#! "! 4)#, "1�!� �#$(� " �! $#%! !" #4 ,(%* �(*�)!� #%�* "1#!� #4 "1� (33)#3) ("� (2� 6 /�/� "1� �(!" ��($ (�8 9�)� "(.�% %"# $#%! +�)(" #%/ �1� ! , �() "* #4 "1� (!!#$ (" #%! ! �0 +�%"� % (�� #4 "1�, ()0 $#� %�! ()� "1� ,#!" %',�)5 #'! )#+�%"!� (%+ (,#%2 "1�,� "1� !3�$ �! !�� ���� � # �����7� ����� 9�)� 6(�,#!" (�9(*!8 "1� ,#!" $#,,#% ���,�%"/ ��% #'" #4 @ !3�$ �! #$$'))�+ % (�� �#$(� " �!H "1� %1(- "(%"! #4 #3�% ()�(! '!'(��* 3)�0( �/ �'$1 (!!#5 $ (" #%! #4 )#+�%"! ()� "*3 $(� #4 "1� �(!" ��($ (� #4 "1 ! 3()" #4 "1� �(�.(% ��% %!'�( 6�#3#0 �???H �#3#0 � �() %!.( �??F8/ �! �#9(�!. 6 <@�8 1(! (�)�(+* !"("�+� % "1�!� . %+ #4 �#$(� " �!� "1� 4)�B'�%$* #4 !"�33� !3�5 $ �! ! 1 21�) "1(% % $�%")(� �')#3�� (%+ 4#)�!" !3�$ �! ()� (�,#!" (�9(*! 3)�!�%" 6(�"1#'21 )�3)�!�%"�+ -* )()� !3�$ ,�%!8� �0�% +') %2 "1� $#�+�!" 3�) #+!/ �#9�0�)� "1�)� ()� (�!# !#,� + 44�)�%$�!� ������� ! ,'$1 ,#)� $#,,#% % �()(% $( "1(% % (%* #4 "1� ,�%" #%�+ �#$(� " �!� 91 �� )� � �� (%+ ����"���� "�# ����� ()� %#" (! 4)�B'�%" (! % "1� "1)�� �'�2() (% $(0�!/ �% �'�2() (% $(0�! +#), $� ()� � "1�) (-!�%" #) 4#'%+ 0�)* )()��* 6(! % (0� G8� 91 �� % �(*�) 7 % �()(% $(� "9# +#), $� !3�$ �! 9�)� 4#'%+/ �1 ! $#'�+ ,�(% "1(" "1� $� ,("� #4 �()(% $( 6(" ��(!" #4 �(*�) 78 9(! ( � ""�� 9(),�) (%+ ,#)� 1', +� 9 "1 ,#)� 4#)�!" (%+ ��!! !"�33� (%+ ,#'%"( % !3�$ �!H -'" "1� + 44�)�%$�! % 4('5 %(� $#,3#! " #% $#'�+ (�!# -� +'� "# "(31#%#, $(� )�(5 !#%!/ �$$#)+ %2 "# "1� (%(�*! ! #4 "1� )#+�%" 4('%( 4)#, �()(% $(� "1� �%0 )#%,�%" #4 "1 ! 3()" #4 ��)- ( +') %2 "1� �(!" ��($ (� $#'�+ -� %4�))�+� " 9(! 3)#-5 (-�* #3�%� +)* (%+ )("1�) $#�+� 9 "1 "1� 3)�!�%$� #4 !#,� 4#)�!"�+ ()�(!/ )��� /��������"� ���"�� 0!�������� ����"���1 � �� ��� &� �"��� ���� "�� �"-�*2���� 03���� " �� ��1 �7� E 2/ = 5 � !") -'" #% #4 )#+�%"! 9 "1 + 44�)�%" �$#�#2 $(� 3)�4�)5 �%$�! % �(*�)! � (%+ 7 % "1� �()(% $( (0�/ � D 9##+5 �(%+ !3�$ �!� � D !3�$ �! %1(- " %2 ,# !" ,�(+#9! (%+ ) 0�) -(%.!� D ,#'%"( % +9����)! (%+ 3�")#31 �#'! !3�$ �!� � D %1(- "(%"! #4 >�)#5,�!#31 �#'! �%0 )#%5 ,�%"!� � D %1(- "(%"! #4 !"�33� (%+ !�, 5() + )�2 #%!/ Species Relative abundance in % Layer 2 Layer 3 Layer 4 Spermophilus cf. citelloides 1.59 1.5 Sicista subtilis 1.59 12 Cricetulus migratorius 3.17 3 Cricetus cricetus 4.76 7.5 Mesocricetus newtoni 9.52 9.1 12.5 Arvicola terrestris 1.59 9.1 2 Clethrionomys glareolus 4.76 5 Microtus subterraneus 11.11 27.3 7.5 Microtus arvalis & M. agrestis 33.33 27.3 30.5 Chionomys nivalis 7.94 7 Microtus gregalis 6.35 Lagurus lagurus 11.11 18.2 2.5 Apodemus ex gr. sylvaticus-flavicollis 1.59 4 Spalax leucodon 1.59 9.1 1 Dryomys nitedula 2 Muscardinus avellanarius 2 �(-/ < 5 �1� )��(" 0� (-'%+(%$�! #4 "1� )#+�%" !3�$ �! 6-(!�+ #% ���8 % + 44�)�%" �(*�)! % �()(% $(/ �2� #4 "1� 4('%( �0�% +') %2 "1� 3)�� , %()* %0�!" 2(" #%!� " 9(! �!"(-� !1�+ "1(" "1� +�3#! 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