item: #1 of 301
          id: saoj-10
      author: Tladi, MJ; Saragas, NP; Ferrao, PNF; Strydom, A
       title: Subungual amelanotic melanoma of the hallux: Review of the literature with a case report
        date: 2017-08-25
       words: 2011
      flesch: 50
     summary: This usually occurs in black African and Asian populations contrary to the other types which are more common in fair-skinned populations.7,9 Delayed diagnosis of subungual melanoma is largely due to misdi- agnosing the lesion as being benign (Table I).4,8-12 Table II shows all case reports of subungual amelanotic melanoma affecting the hallux, all of which had a delay in the diagnosis. Upon comparing this case with the current literature, we propose that unlike most acral subungual melanomas, subungual amelanotic melanoma occurs mainly in elderly Caucasian females.
    keywords: amelanotic; amputation; case; foot; hallux; melanoma; orthopaedic; subungual
       cache: saoj-10.pdf
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        item: #2 of 301
          id: saoj-102
      author: Raubenheimer, EJ; Noffke, C
       title: Cell signalling and bone remodelling Part II: Developments in the pathogenesis and principles of management of selected skeletal disease states.
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 3283
      flesch: 47
     summary: Wnt signalling in bone formation and its therapeutic potential for bone diseases. Mapping of these pathways exposed specific receptor binding sites on bone cells which can potentially be activated or blocked in order to either limit bone resorption or accelerate bone formation and mineralisation, impacting directly on the process of bone healing.
    keywords: bone; cells; disease; factor; formation; growth; osteoporosis; paget; signalling; wnt
       cache: saoj-102.pdf
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        item: #3 of 301
          id: saoj-103
      author: Rasool, MN; Snyders, RF; Bydawell, G
       title: Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma of the scapula in a child: A case report and review of the literature
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 2409
      flesch: 57
     summary: The principles of TAE of bone tumours are the precise targeting of the occlusive embolic material to the tumour-feeding vessels. In children, Ewing’s sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, osteolytic osteosarcoma and skeletal angiomatosis must also be considered.3–5,12 In accessible regions, radical excision is the treatment of choice.4-7 Radiation treatment alone may be effective in some patients with multi-centric tumours.
    keywords: bone; ehe; figure; page; report; scapula; summer; tumour
       cache: saoj-103.pdf
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        item: #4 of 301
          id: saoj-104
      author: Rasool, MN; Genzengane, V
       title: Rosai-Dorfman disease of the distal radius in a child: A case report and review of the literature
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 2274
      flesch: 42
     summary: Primary osseous lesions are rare and the condition can mimic various solitary bone lesions radiologically. Primary osseous lesions are rarely reported in children.
    keywords: bone; cell; disease; dorfman; lesions; lymphadenopathy; rdd; rosai
       cache: saoj-104.pdf
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        item: #5 of 301
          id: saoj-106
      author: Greyling, P; Mabusha, SJ
       title: Expert opinion on published articles
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 1043
      flesch: 40
     summary: The duration of perioperative traction is usually two to twelve weeks depending on the patient’s overall medical condition. Patients were analysed by age at date of examination, gender, major coronal curve magnitude, major compen- satory coronal curve magnitude, major sagittal curve magnitude, traction protocol and procedure type.
    keywords: fracture; halo; traction
       cache: saoj-106.pdf
  plain text: saoj-106.txt

        item: #6 of 301
          id: saoj-107
      author: Ali, N; Bhat, A; Bangroo, FA; Dhanda, MS; Sharma, SC
       title: Simple bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation: A case report and review of the literature.
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 3160
      flesch: 58
     summary: Bilateral anterior shoulder dislocations are very rare and usually result from significant trauma. Dinopoulos et al.(1999) in their review of literature had 28 cases of bilateral anterior shoulder dislocation reported since 1966 out of which only 11 were simple dislocations without any associated fracture.13 Siwach et al. (2008), in a similar type of literature review, reported only 14 cases of simple bilateral anterior dislocations.14 Dodds et al.
    keywords: anterior; bilateral; case; dislocation; fall; med; shoulder; shoulder dislocation
       cache: saoj-107.pdf
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        item: #7 of 301
          id: saoj-108
      author: Walters, Johan
       title: The responsibility of clinical practice
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 1080
      flesch: 57
     summary: Our concern and involvement in our patients’ well-being is what makes us the professionals that patients expect us to be. The nature of clinical practice is such that patients more often than not transfer the decision-making role to the treating doctor.
    keywords: care; doctor; patient
       cache: saoj-108.pdf
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        item: #8 of 301
          id: saoj-109
      author: Shahi, A; Parvizi, J
       title: Prevention of periprosthetic joint infection: Pre-, intra-, and post-operative strategies.
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 7055
      flesch: 56
     summary: J Bone Joint Surg Am 2009;91:128–33. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1996;78:512–23.
    keywords: antibiotics; arthroplasty; bone; comment; contamination; group; hip; icm; infection; j bone; joint; knee; orthopaedic; patients; pji; prevention; risk; skin; ssi; surg; surgery; surgical; use
       cache: saoj-109.pdf
  plain text: saoj-109.txt

        item: #9 of 301
          id: saoj-11
      author: Sefeane, TI; Mwangi, PN
       title: Incidence of Dupuytren's disease in Africans: A report of 48 new cases and a literature review
        date: 2017-08-29
       words: 2542
      flesch: 65
     summary: We conducted an audit of our theatre records to identify black African patients with Dupuytren’s contracture who underwent surgery in a referral-based patient population. We also found that there has been an increasing number of African patients year on year since 1999 (Figure 1).
    keywords: african; contracture; descent; disease; dupuytren; hand; patients
       cache: saoj-11.pdf
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        item: #10 of 301
          id: saoj-113
      author: Kruger, NA
       title: Instructional course lecture: Spondylolysis
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 3272
      flesch: 59
     summary: Micheli and Wood18 found 47% of young athletes with lower back pain had lumbar spondylolysis. Sakai T, Sairyo K, Takao S, Nishitani H, Yasui N. Incidence of lumbar spondylolysis in the general population in Japan based on multi-detector CT scans from 2000 subjects.
    keywords: athletes; incidence; lumbar; pain; pars; patients; spine; spondylolisthesis; spondylolysis; winter
       cache: saoj-113.pdf
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        item: #11 of 301
          id: saoj-114
      author: Uchendu, E; Ayoola, OO; Adetiloye, VA; Ikem, RT; Ikem, IC
       title: Sonographic assessment of the shoulders in asymptomatic elderly diabetics in a Nigerian population
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 3926
      flesch: 58
     summary: The Chi-square test was used to evaluate associa- tions between shoulder disease and sex, hand dominance and grouped duration of diabetes. Several studies have shown an increase in prevalence of shoulder disease, with or without symptoms, in elderly12-15 subjects and in diabetics.2-4,16 The dominant shoulder showed near similar pattern of lesions for both study groups, with BT effusion (41.7% vs 20%) as the commonest sonographic feature of tendon degeneration Table III: Association between shoulder disease and gender Subject category
    keywords: cuff; rotator; shoulder; study; subjects; tendon; thickness
       cache: saoj-114.pdf
  plain text: saoj-114.txt

        item: #12 of 301
          id: saoj-116
      author: Kruger, N; Thompson, D
       title: Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica: An interesting case report involving the talus and literature review
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 2225
      flesch: 47
     summary: Perl M, Brenner R, Lippacher S, Nelitz M. Case report: Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica: a case report with novel pathophysiologic aspects. Abstract Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica (DEH) is a rare osteochondromatous condition arising unilaterally from an epiphysis in the developing skeleton.
    keywords: ankle; dysplasia; epiphysealis; hemimelica; joint; mass; talus
       cache: saoj-116.pdf
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        item: #13 of 301
          id: saoj-117
      author: Solomons, MW
       title: Corticosteroid usage in hand and wrist surgery
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 2256
      flesch: 59
     summary: De Quervain’s injection from distal to proximal between two tendons SAOJ Winter 2015_PRESS_Orthopaedics Vol3 No4 2015/05/07 7:59 PM Page 49 Page 50 SA Orthopaedic Journal Winter 2015 | Vol 14 • No 2 Results of steroid injection? Effective in 75% to 85%! In a study by Day et al.,12 steroid injection with splinting for the treatment of basal joint arthritis of the thumb provided reliable long-term relief in thumbs with Eaton stage 1 disease but provided long-term relief in only seven of 17 thumbs with Eaton stage 2 and stage 3 basal joint arthritis.
    keywords: author; hand; injection; patients; quervain; surg; wrist
       cache: saoj-117.pdf
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        item: #14 of 301
          id: saoj-118
      author: Venter, RG; Solomon, C; Baartman, M
       title: Mycobacterium fortuitum as infectious agent in a septic total knee replacement: Case study and literature review
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 3103
      flesch: 54
     summary: Cornelius L, Reddix R, Burchett C, Bond G, Fader R. Cluster of Mycobacterium fortuitum prosthetic joint infections. Yung Y, Li P, Lee Q, Wong Y, Wai Y. Treatment of Mycobacterium fortuitum infection of total knee arthroplasty: A case report.
    keywords: arthroplasty; case; fortuitum; infection; joint; knee; mycobacterium
       cache: saoj-118.pdf
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        item: #15 of 301
          id: saoj-119
      author: Ferreira, N; Sombili, S; Marais, LC
       title: Expert Opinion on Published Articles
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 2030
      flesch: 44
     summary: The potential advantages of percutaneous techniques noted in the article, include: decreased cost and theatre usage, low risk of adjacent tissue contamination and lower risk of complications due to its minimal invasive nature (0 to 10% compared to up to 16% for incisional biopsy). Furthermore, the diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous techniques is a function of the expertise of histologists evaluating the case and we have found that as our unit’s experience has grown the diagnostic yield has improved.
    keywords: authors; biopsy; hip; orthopaedic; reconstruction; unit
       cache: saoj-119.pdf
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        item: #16 of 301
          id: saoj-12
      author: Paterson, AJ; Navsa, N
       title: The radial nerve danger zone: A cadaver study
        date: 2017-08-29
       words: 2854
      flesch: 59
     summary: We record the incidence of radial nerve damage following external pin fixation and note the relation of the radial nerve to each pin. We dissected the upper limbs and recorded the incidence of radial nerve damage and the position of the nerve in relation to the two pins.
    keywords: damage; nerve; pin; proximal; radial
       cache: saoj-12.pdf
  plain text: saoj-12.txt

        item: #17 of 301
          id: saoj-120
      author: Lukhele, M
       title: Acceptance Speech
        date: 2017-09-01
       words: 885
      flesch: 58
     summary: Access to good quality orthopaedic service for all South Africans will be one of the major drives during my term of office. Prof M Lukhele MBChB, FCS(Orth)SA, MMed(Orth) President: South African Orthopaedic Association SAOJ Autumn 2015_Orthopaedics
    keywords: association; orthopaedic; saoa
       cache: saoj-120.pdf
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        item: #18 of 301
          id: saoj-123
      author: Maine, MM; Zondagh, I
       title: Stand-alone cage neck fusions: A long-term review.
        date: 2017-09-01
       words: 3052
      flesch: 66
     summary: The impact of the study is aimed to show that stand- alone cage fusion is a safe and effective procedure which provides a good clinical and radiological outcome. The use of interbody cages for anterior cervical fusion was introduced to prevent problems such as graft resorption and expulsion and therefore loss of alignment as seen with tricortical iliac bone graft.6 Cho et al.7 used cages to replace plate function in multi- level cervical fusion.
    keywords: anterior; cage; fusion; neck; pain; patients
       cache: saoj-123.pdf
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        item: #19 of 301
          id: saoj-125
      author: Shipley, JA
       title: Private practice (RWOPS) and overtime for state-employed specialists
        date: 2017-09-01
       words: 1667
      flesch: 55
     summary: Government considers that the Occupational Specific Dispensation (OSD) has removed the need for additional income for specialists; in fact OSD has not brought state salaries anywhere near the income of private specialists. The result is that private specialists will lose their independence, being forced into managed health care systems and the potential compromise of professional standards.
    keywords: rwops; service; specialists; state
       cache: saoj-125.pdf
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        item: #20 of 301
          id: saoj-128
      author: Maqungo, S; Nkomo, W
       title: A unique case of a radius shaft fracture with proximal radio-ulnar joint dislocation.
        date: 2017-09-01
       words: 2668
      flesch: 45
     summary: Such a probabilistic approach also implies the existence of certain ‘sterility assurance levels’ (SALs) – a concept that plays an important role in this field and is being used to quantify the level or probability of sterility achieved through a certain sterilisation process.8 Abstract The issues of the shelf life of sterile medical devices and the concept of end-product sterility testing of a sample of devices to prove the sterility of a batch of sterile devices are discussed against the background of the probabilistic approach to sterility and sterilisation. No4 2014/11/04 7:56 PM Page 31 Page 32 SA Orthopaedic Journal Summer 2014 | Vol 13 • No 4 The shelf life of sterile medical devices TA du Plessis, MSc(Physics), DSc(Chem)
    keywords: devices; joint; medical; packaging; radiation; sterilisation; sterility
       cache: saoj-128.pdf
  plain text: saoj-128.txt

        item: #21 of 301
          id: saoj-130
      author: Ryan, P; Jordaan, P; du Plessis, JP; Vrettos, B; Roche, S
       title: Glenoid hypoplasia: A case series of ten shoulders.
        date: 2017-09-01
       words: 3134
      flesch: 49
     summary: The exact incidence is unknown, but is estimated in cadaveric and MRI studies to be in the region of 14.3% to 35% depending on the ethnic population studied.1,2 Current orthopaedic literature consists of case reports and small case series, with some of the more recent papers focusing on the arthroplasty management and implications.3-5 Key words: glenoid hypoplasia, glenoid dysplasia, dentate glenoid Although rare, glenoid hyperplasia may be more common than previously recognised SAOJ Summer 2014_Orthopaedics Vol3 No4 2014/11/04 7:56 PM Page 43 Page 44 SA Orthopaedic Journal Summer 2014 | Vol 13 • No 4 Discussion Glenoid hypoplasia, first described by Valentine in 1931,6 is a rare developmental abnormality, which affects the osseous development of the inferior glenoid. In an MRI study of 103 consecutive MR arthrograms, Harper et al.1 report an incidence of 14.3% for moderate to severe glenoid dysplasia.
    keywords: dysplasia; glenoid; hypoplasia; page; patients; report; shoulder
       cache: saoj-130.pdf
  plain text: saoj-130.txt

        item: #22 of 301
          id: saoj-131
      author: Ferreira, Dr N
       title: Expert Opinion on Published Articles
        date: 2017-09-01
       words: 2252
      flesch: 47
     summary: Where limb salvage can be performed without jeopar- dising patient survival, it is imperative to discuss expected outcomes with patients and their families. Compromise of this interface through pin track infection can lead to catastrophic failure of the external fixator device.
    keywords: fixation; immunodeficiency; patients; pin; reconstruction; study; track
       cache: saoj-131.pdf
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        item: #23 of 301
          id: saoj-133
      author: Berg, S; Jansen, N
       title: Retrospective analysis of adverse reactions to metal-on-metal lumbar disc arthroplasties in 378 consecutive patients.
        date: 2017-09-01
       words: 5347
      flesch: 60
     summary: This is concerning as a large portion of TDRs performed today in Sweden are MoM. The proposed mechanism for the development of pseudo- tumors is that metal wear particles start a ‘foreign-body reaction’ in the host that encapsulates the wear particles. In recent reports there is a high frequency of foreign body reactions leading to the formation of pseudotumors after MoM total hip replacements.
    keywords: arthroplasty; disc; hip; ion; lumbar; metal; mom; page; patients; pseudotumors; spinal; spine; study; total; wear
       cache: saoj-133.pdf
  plain text: saoj-133.txt

        item: #24 of 301
          id: saoj-136
      author: Du Plessis, TA
       title: The shelf life of sterile medical devices.
        date: 2017-09-01
       words: 1935
      flesch: 40
     summary: Such a probabilistic approach also implies the existence of certain ‘sterility assurance levels’ (SALs) – a concept that plays an important role in this field and is being used to quantify the level or probability of sterility achieved through a certain sterilisation process.8 Abstract The issues of the shelf life of sterile medical devices and the concept of end-product sterility testing of a sample of devices to prove the sterility of a batch of sterile devices are discussed against the background of the probabilistic approach to sterility and sterilisation. Orthopaedics Vol3 No4 Page 32 SA Orthopaedic Journal Summer 2014 | Vol 13 • No 4 The shelf life of sterile medical devices TA du Plessis, MSc(Physics), DSc(Chem)
    keywords: devices; medical; packaging; sterilisation; sterility
       cache: saoj-136.pdf
  plain text: saoj-136.txt

        item: #25 of 301
          id: saoj-137
      author: Greyling, P; Le Roux, TLB; Botha, L
       title: Hepatitis C virus and the risk to the healthcare worker.
        date: 2017-09-01
       words: 2259
      flesch: 52
     summary: Any of the 60 blood-borne pathogens (BBP) may be transferred by SI, the three foremost being the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCV.1 In South Africa (SA) there is little prevalence of HBV (5–7%) and the greatest risk is from HIV (17.9%) for which there are documented protocols and insurance cover.2,3 Little has been written of HCV risk to SA surgeons; there is no protocol in place for HCV exposure, little guidance for surgeons, and insurance companies do not cover HCV exposure claims. A Canadian surgeon recently acquired HCV from an SI and was banned from practice for 6 months – testimony of the importance of HCV as a disease risk to surgeons.4 This paper outlines the prevalence of HCV in SA, the incubation and outcomes of HCV infection, the tests and medications available, and the protective strategies available to minimise HCV exposure.
    keywords: exposure; hcv; hepatitis; orthopaedic; risk; south; surgeons; treatment; virus
       cache: saoj-137.pdf
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        item: #26 of 301
          id: saoj-138
      author: Ryan, P; Dachs, RP; du Plessis, JP; Vrettos, B; Roche, S
       title: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty for complex proximal humeral fractures in the elderly: How to improve outcomes and avoid complications
        date: 2017-09-01
       words: 6982
      flesch: 57
     summary: Melton LJ, 3rd, et al. Edelson G, et al.
    keywords: e s; fractures; hemiarthroplasty; orthop; patients; reverse; rtsa; shoulder
       cache: saoj-138.pdf
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        item: #27 of 301
          id: saoj-139
      author: Bomela, L; Dunn, RN
       title: Gunshot face as a cause of hyperextension central cord syndrome in a young patient
        date: 2017-09-01
       words: 3594
      flesch: 57
     summary: 2. Schneider RC, Thompson JM, Bebin J. The syndrome of acute central cervical spinal cord injury. The syndrome of acute central cervical spinal cord injury revisited.
    keywords: acute; case; central; cord; decompression; hyperextension; injury; page; patient; spinal; spine; syndrome; treatment
       cache: saoj-139.pdf
  plain text: saoj-139.txt

        item: #28 of 301
          id: saoj-14
      author: Riemer, B; MacIntyre, K; Nortje, M; Dower, B; Grobler, S; Springfield, M
       title: Rapid mobilisation following total hip and knee arthroplasty
        date: 2017-08-29
       words: 3322
      flesch: 48
     summary: In conclusion, a standardised enhanced discharge pathway with a rapid mobilisation protocol in a South African private hospital setting is a safe and effective way of managing total joint arthroplasty patients without compromising surgical care or rehabilitation. Individual patient’s demands and expectations are also increasing, with patients desiring a quicker return to normal functioning with minimal discomfort after their joint replacement surgery.
    keywords: arthroplasty; care; hip; hospital; joint; knee; operative; patients; post; recovery; surgery
       cache: saoj-14.pdf
  plain text: saoj-14.txt

        item: #29 of 301
          id: saoj-140
      author: Carrim, Yacoob Omar; Truter, Rene; Suleman, Farhana; Andronikou, Savvas
       title: Imaging diagnosis of muscle herniation of the forearm.
        date: 2017-09-01
       words: 1901
      flesch: 45
     summary: There have been 19 cases of symptomatic forearm muscle herniation reported in the literature. Kendi TK, Altinok D, Erdal HH, Kara S. Imaging in the diagnosis of symptomatic forearm muscle herniation.
    keywords: compartment; defect; forearm; herniation; mri; muscle
       cache: saoj-140.pdf
  plain text: saoj-140.txt

        item: #30 of 301
          id: saoj-141
      author: Marais, C de V; Mears, S; Dix-Peek, SI; Pillay, K; Dunn, RN
       title: Pantoea agglomerans as a rare cause of cervical spondylodiscitis
        date: 2017-09-01
       words: 1708
      flesch: 49
     summary: Abstract Objective: To present a case report of a rare cause for cervical spondylodiscitis caused by Pantoea agglomerans. Conclusion: Pantoea agglomerans is a rare pathogen in the aetiology of spondylodiscitis.
    keywords: agglomerans; body; case; figure; page; pantoea
       cache: saoj-141.pdf
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        item: #31 of 301
          id: saoj-146
      author: Learmonth, Ian D
       title: The rise and fall of large bore metal-on-metal hip prostheses
        date: 2017-09-01
       words: 5213
      flesch: 56
     summary: Key words: hip, large metal bearings, failure This paper attempts to scientifically place some issues in perspective against the backdrop of hysteria created by legal colleagues and the media. All companies therefore manufac- tured a range of modular large diameter metal heads that would articulate with the monolithic resurfacing cups and could be applied to stemmed femoral implants.
    keywords: bearings; bone; debris; failure; figure; head; high; hip; joint; large; metal; mom; resurfacing; wear
       cache: saoj-146.pdf
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        item: #32 of 301
          id: saoj-147
      author: Moseley, Collin
       title: Perspectives on Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease
        date: 2017-09-01
       words: 2088
      flesch: 57
     summary: He found that young patients did not all do well, and that patients over 8 years of age with moderate femoral head deformity might benefit from surgery. The goal of containment treatment is to ensure that this position corresponds to the standing weight-bearing position of the hip.
    keywords: classification; disease; epiphysis; head; perthes
       cache: saoj-147.pdf
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        item: #33 of 301
          id: saoj-148
      author: de Vos, Jan
       title: Expert Opinion on Published Articles
        date: 2017-09-01
       words: 4559
      flesch: 55
     summary: In contrast, high grade open fractures need to be given highest priority and pushed onto the emergency list above all other orthopaedic casualties. High grade fractures (>IIIA) had twice the rate of becoming infected than low grade (<IIIA) fractures.
    keywords: authors; bone; fractures; fusion; grade; page; patients; saoj; study; txa
       cache: saoj-148.pdf
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        item: #34 of 301
          id: saoj-15
      author: HILTON, TL; CAMPBELL, N; HOSKING, K
       title: Additive manufacturing in orthopaedics: Clinical implications
        date: 2017-08-29
       words: 2878
      flesch: 49
     summary: Figures 1a, b and c. Clinical pictures of fixed flexion deformity, adduction and abduction range 1a 1b 1c Figures 2a and b. Pre-operative X-rays showing the patient’s prior knee fusion, and stump plasty with telescoping hip joint and a fitted external prosthesis 2a 2b Figure 3. Use of acetabular models in planning complex acetabular recon- structions.
    keywords: bone; cape; component; figures; hip; joint; planning; surgery
       cache: saoj-15.pdf
  plain text: saoj-15.txt

        item: #35 of 301
          id: saoj-151
      author: Mohammedali, S; Mutiso, SK; Okoro, P; Ombachi, B; Saidi, H
       title: Effect of additional ultrasound therapy to analgesics in treatment of acute low back pain: A randomised control trial conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi (AKUH, N)
        date: 2017-09-01
       words: 4919
      flesch: 60
     summary: The economic burden of low back pain: a review of studies published between 1996 and 2001. The prevalence of low back pain in Africa.
    keywords: acute; analgesia; difference; disability; group; mean; odi; pain; patients; study; treatment; ultrasound
       cache: saoj-151.pdf
  plain text: saoj-151.txt

        item: #36 of 301
          id: saoj-152
      author: Rangoako, ST; Raubenheimer, EJ; Mafeelane, K
       title: Synovial chondromatosis: A review of the literature and report of two cases
        date: 2017-09-01
       words: 2565
      flesch: 49
     summary: We present a review of the literature and report two cases of synovial chondromatosis of the knee joints diagnosed over a ten-year period in the orthopaedic unit of a tertiary hospital serving mainly an urban- and peri-urban population sample. Microscopic examination should therefore always be supplemented by clinical features indicative of sarcomatous change, which include a clinical history of multiple recurrences,5 sudden enlargement of a lesion6 and radiological findings of endosteal scalloping7 and bone marrow infiltration.12 No MRI features are reported which could be helpful in distinguishing cases with sarcomatous change from synovial chondromatosis alone.20
    keywords: bone; case; chondromatosis; figure; joint; knee; literature; review; synovial
       cache: saoj-152.pdf
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        item: #37 of 301
          id: saoj-166
      author: Louw, JA
       title: The differential diagnosis of neurogenic and referred leg pain
        date: 2017-09-05
       words: 8231
      flesch: 59
     summary: The denervation phases include a normal MRI in the acute phase, mixed oedema and paradoxical hypertrophy in the early subacute phase, mixed oedema and atrophy in the late subacute phase and atrophy in the chronic phase.109 Sport-related leg pain110 includes tibial and fibular stress fractures,111 medial tibial stress syndrome,112 chronic exertional compartment syndrome,113 tendinopathies,114,115 nerve entrapment syndromes,116 vascular syndromes117,118 and myopathies.119 Finally, leg pain may be associated with three poorly understood neurological conditions, namely complex regional pain syndrome,120,121 restless leg syndrome122 Sciatica in pregnancy can be caused by direct compression of the gravid uterus on the lumbosacral plexus and blood vessels.80,81 Incorrectly positioned leg stirrups on the obstetrical table can cause common peroneal nerve pain and weakness.80,82 Obstetric neuropathy of the sciatic nerve during vaginal labour can be caused by continuous pressure of the foetus on the lumbosacral plexus as it crosses the pelvic brim during prolonged labour.83 Piriformis syndrome can be caused during labour following a piriformis haematoma after prolonged labour, and a piriformis abscess after epidural anaesthesia and forceps delivery.84 Sciatica secondary to pathological conditions80 include leiomyomas with lumbosacral plexus compression,85 endometriosis with infiltration or compression of the sciatic nerve86 and a large retroverted uterus with compression on the lumbosacral plexus.80 Sciatica secondary to iatrogenic trauma includes vaginal proce- dures which might be complicated by ischiadic neuropathy,87 superior gluteal artery aneurysm with superior gluteal nerve compression and the superior gluteal nerve neuropathy due to stretching of the superior gluteal nerve.
    keywords: canal; compression; disc; entrapment; facet; figure; joint; leg; leg pain; lumbar; mri; muscle; nerve; nerve root; neuropathy; page; pain; piriformis; root; spinal; superior; syndrome; winter
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        item: #38 of 301
          id: saoj-167
      author: Dunn, RN; Stander, H
       title: Atlanto-axial fusion: Magerl transarticular versus Harms instrumentation techniques
        date: 2017-09-05
       words: 3000
      flesch: 55
     summary: Magerl F, Seeman P. Stable posterior fusion of the atlas and axis by transarticular screw fixation. 8. Low H, Redfern R. C1-C2 transarticular screw fixation for atlantoaxial instability: a 6-year experience, and C1-C2 transarticular screw fixation-technical aspects.
    keywords: fusion; group; harms; screw; technique; transarticular
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        item: #39 of 301
          id: saoj-168
      author: Jastifer, James R; Coughlin, Michael J
       title: Metatarsophalangeal joint instability of the lesser toes: review and surgical technique
        date: 2017-09-05
       words: 4986
      flesch: 55
     summary: An improved understanding of plantar plate tears has recently led to the development of a clinical staging and anatomic grading system that helps guide treatment. The most common physical examination finding in patients presenting with plantar plate tears is focal tenderness on the plantar aspect of the forefoot at the base of the second toe.
    keywords: ankle; deformity; foot; instability; joint; mtp; plantar; plate; repair; second; toe
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        item: #40 of 301
          id: saoj-170
      author: Msithini, T; Lukhele, M; Linda, Z
       title: Telangiectatic osteosarcoma of the radius: A missed diagnosis case report.
        date: 2017-09-05
       words: 1493
      flesch: 46
     summary: Pathological fractures are an occasional presen- tation, but have been reported in study as 29% at initial diagnosis or during the course of the disease, compared to 12% for conventional osteosarcoma.3 The risk factors for pathological fractures include large dimensions, diaphyseal location, and progressive loss of bony matrix, osteolytic radiographic pattern, telangiectatic type and prior biopsy. Pathological fracture of the radius (Note permeative lytic diaphyseal lesion of the radius with no periosteal reaction and endosteal scalloping.)
    keywords: figure; fracture; osteosarcoma; radius; telangiectatic
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        item: #41 of 301
          id: saoj-171
      author: Ferreira, N; Marais, LC; Aldous, C
       title: Challenges and controversies in defining and classifying tibial non-unions
        date: 2017-09-05
       words: 4315
      flesch: 59
     summary: Megas defined non-union as a cessation of all reparative processes of healing without bone union, while Marsh more specifically emphasised the cessation of both the periosteal and endosteal healing responses without bridging.25,36 These definitions are empiricist explanations of non-unions rather than true definitions. To date, no consensus exists regarding the definition of non-unions and none of the current classifica- tions has proven universally useful.2,10,13,14,23-25 Most classifica- tions fail to take all aspects of tibial non-union development into account, and more importantly, do not aid in the decision making as to the most appropriate treatment
    keywords: bone; classification; definition; fracture; healing; injury; management; non; pmid; tibial; treatment; union
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        item: #42 of 301
          id: saoj-175
      author: de Vos, Jan
       title: Money makes the world go round
        date: 2017-09-06
       words: 1380
      flesch: 69
     summary: Avoid performing routine post-operative deep venous thrombosis ultrasonography screening in patients who undergo elective hip or knee arthroplasty. 2. Do not use needle lavage to treat patients with symptomatic  osteoarthritis of the knee for long-term relief.
    keywords: healthcare; orthopaedic; patients; south
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        item: #43 of 301
          id: saoj-176
      author: Ngcelwane, Mthunzi
       title: Expanding the teaching platform
        date: 2017-09-06
       words: 2046
      flesch: 56
     summary: Tonetti3 evaluated a simulator for percutaneous iliac screw insertion and found it to be a valuable tool in training orthopaedic surgeons. Cadaver training is already being used in some centres in our country, and the trend should spread to those centres are not yet using it.
    keywords: orthopaedic; registrars; sector; skills; teaching; training
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        item: #44 of 301
          id: saoj-181
      author: Marais, LC; Ferreira, N; Aldous, C; Le Roux, TLB
       title: The classification of chronic osteomyelitis
        date: 2017-09-06
       words: 4960
      flesch: 35
     summary: Shortcomings of existing classification systems The first major shortcoming of existing classification systems relates to host stratification. This point is further illustrated by the fact that Cierny abandoned the original guidelines in a more recent publication, opting for a more generic approach to management.21 The final limitation of existing classification systems lies in the structure of the decision-making process.
    keywords: bone; chronic; cierny; classification; disease; host; infection; osteomyelitis; patients; system; treatment; type
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        item: #45 of 301
          id: saoj-184
      author: Thibedi, B; Raubenheimer, EJ; Noffke, CEE
       title: Chronic kidney disease and the skeleton: Pathogenesis, complications and principles of management
        date: 2017-09-06
       words: 3151
      flesch: 42
     summary: Zhang Q, Li M, You L, Li H, Ni l, Gu Y, Hao C, Chen J. Effects and safety of calcimimetics in end stage renal disease patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism: a meta-analysis. Metabolic bone disease: histomor- phometry as a diagnostic tool.
    keywords: bone; calcium; chronic; ckd; disease; hyperparathyroidism; kidney; patients; pth; renal
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        item: #46 of 301
          id: saoj-185
      author: McCaul, JK; McCaul, MG
       title: Pre-hospital antibiotics for open fractures: Is there time?
        date: 2017-09-06
       words: 3617
      flesch: 49
     summary: Pre-hospital antibiotics have been used in the military setting, where rapid evacuation to hospital is not always possible in conflict scenarios. Hospital staff was informed about the study; this could have caused increased vigilance regarding administration of antibiotics, but this was not considered to add significant bias due to the study’s focus on pre-hospital time available for administration.
    keywords: administration; antibiotics; delay; fractures; hospital; injury; patients; pre; time
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        item: #47 of 301
          id: saoj-187
      author: Mayet, Z; Noble, T; Magobotha, SKM
       title: Giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath (GCT-TS) in the foot: A case report
        date: 2017-09-07
       words: 2965
      flesch: 67
     summary: Key words: giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath, GCT-TS, benign tumours, foot tumours SAOJ Autumn 2014_Orthopaedics Vol3 Our differential diagnosis at this point was giant cell tumour of the tendon sheath, synovial sarcoma and Morton’s neuroma.
    keywords: case; cell; foot; gct; giant; mass; sheath; tendon; tumour
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        item: #48 of 301
          id: saoj-189
      author: Biddulph, SL; Nayler, SJ; Sweet, MBE; Barrow, AD; Biddulph, LG
       title: A possible role of synovial fluid in bone healing
        date: 2017-09-07
       words: 1891
      flesch: 56
     summary: Page 50 SA Orthopaedic Journal Autumn 2014 | Vol 13 • No 1 A possible role of synovial fluid in bone healing SL Biddulph MBBCh(Rand), FCS(SA), FRCS(Eng), FRCS(Edin) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johannesburg Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand SJ Nayler BSc(Rand), MBBCh(Rand), FCPath(SA), MMed(Rand) Division of Anatomical Pathology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand MBE Sweet MBChB(Cape Town), PhD(Rand) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johannesburg Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand AD Barrow FCS(SA)Orth Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Johannesburg Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand LG Biddulph MBBCh(Rand), FCS(SA)Orth Hand Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand Correspondence: Prof SL Biddulph PO Box 1270 2041 Houghton South Africa Tel: +27 11 640 3005 Fax: +27 11 640 3007 E-mail: biddulph@webafrica.org.za Introduction It is widely believed that the presence of a layer of synovial fluid at the fracture line may inhibit the healing of intra-articular fractures. This is in contradiction to the theory that synovial fluid may hamper bone healing, specifically in the scaphoid model in humans.
    keywords: bone; fluid; specimens; synovial; union; weeks
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        item: #49 of 301
          id: saoj-190
      author: Ryan, P; Goga, IE
       title: Uncemented primary total hip arthroplasty in patients aged 55 years or younger: Results at a minimum of 5 years in a consecutive series
        date: 2017-09-07
       words: 4652
      flesch: 56
     summary: Uncemented total hip arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis in young patients: a mid-to long-term follow-up study from the Finnish Arthroplasty Register. Key words: total hip arthroplasty, uncemented hip, young patient, hip replacement SAOJ Autumn 2014_Orthopaedics Vol3 No4 2014/02/18 9:13 AM Page 54 SA Orthopaedic Journal Autumn 2014 | Vol 13 •
    keywords: arthroplasty; component; hip; hips; patients; post; stem; total; years
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        item: #50 of 301
          id: saoj-192
      author: Mukansi, SS; D'Alton, EJ; Golele, RG
       title: Stress fracture of the femoral neck (SFFN) as a consequence of an unusual occupation: A case report and review of the literature
        date: 2017-09-07
       words: 2212
      flesch: 68
     summary: Review of the literature The incidence of femoral neck stress fracture is reported to be between 3.5% and 8% in the military population. The complications of femoral neck stress fractures are progression from undisplaced to displaced fractures, non- union, mal-union and osteonecrosis.
    keywords: figure; fracture; neck; pain; rays; stress
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        item: #51 of 301
          id: saoj-196
      author: Marais, LC; Ferreira, N; Aldous, C; le Roux, TLB
       title: The management of chronic osteomyelitis: Part II - Principles of post-infective reconstruction and antibiotic therapy
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 5863
      flesch: 44
     summary: Page 32 SA Orthopaedic Journal Spring 2014 | Vol 13 • No 3 The management of chronic osteomyelitis: Part II – Principles of post-infective reconstruction and antibiotic therapy Dr LC Marais MBChB, FCS Orth(SA), MMed(Ortho) Tumour, Sepsis and Reconstruction Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Grey’s Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal Dr N Ferreira BSc, MBChB, FC Orth(SA), MMed(Orth) Tumour, Sepsis and Reconstruction Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Grey’s Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal Dr C Aldous BSc, BSc(Hons), MSc, PhD Medical Research Scientist, School of Clinical Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Prof TLB le Roux MBChB, FCS Orth(SA), MMed(Ortho) Professor and Head of Department, Department of Orthopaedics, I Military Hospital, University of Pretoria Correspondence: Dr LC Marais Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Grey’s Hospital School of Clinical Medicine University of KwaZulu-Natal Private Bag X9001 Pietermaritzburg 3201 Email: Leonard.Marais@kznhealth.gov.za Tel: +27 033 897 3299 Fax: +27 33 897 3409 Abstract Over the past few decades considerable progress has been made in terms of our ability to reconstruct post- infective soft tissue and bone defects. The management of bone defects is dependent on several factors including the host’s physiological status, the size of the defect, duration of the defect, quality of the surrounding soft tissue, the presence of deformity, joint contracture/instability or limb length discrepancy, as well as the experience of the surgeon.
    keywords: antibiotics; bone; chronic; debridement; defects; flaps; management; osteomyelitis; page; therapy; tissue; treatment
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        item: #52 of 301
          id: saoj-197
      author: Ryan, P; ter Haar, M; Rocher, A; Goga, I
       title: Intraneural lipoma of the common peroneal nerve: A case report and review of the literature
        date: 2017-09-12
       words: 2378
      flesch: 55
     summary: Common peroneal nerve identified proximally Figure 8. Page 40 SA Orthopaedic Journal Spring 2014 | Vol 13 • No 3 Intraneural lipoma of the common peroneal nerve: A case report and review of the literature Dr P Ryan MBChB(UCT), HDip(Orth), MMed(Orth), FCOrth(SA) Orthopaedic Surgeon Dr M ter Haar MBChB, FCOrth(SA) Orthopaedic Surgeon Dr A Rocher MBChB, FCOrth(SA) Orthopaedic Surgeon Prof I Goga MD, RFCS(Edinburgh), FCS(Orth)(SA) Professor and Head of Arthroplasty and Reconstruction Unit Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal Correspondence: Dr P Ryan Arthroplasty Unit Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital Private Bag X03 Mayville, KZN, 4058 Tel: +27 (31) 240 2160 Email: paullisa.ryan@gmail.com Introduction Benign fatty lesions of peripheral nerves are uncommon, and when they occur, typically affect the nerves of the upper limb.
    keywords: case; figure; intraneural; lesions; lipoma; nerve; page; peroneal
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        item: #53 of 301
          id: saoj-200
      author: Abughalya, MS; Ryan, P; Goga, IE
       title: The radiological outcome of uncemented femoral stems in rheumatoid patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty: results at minimum eight years
        date: 2017-09-27
       words: 3197
      flesch: 58
     summary: Severt R, Wood R, Cracchiolo III A, Amstutz HC: Long-term follow-up of cemented total hip arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis. Key words: rheumatoid arthritis, uncemented stem, femoral stem, hip, total hip arthroplasty, radiological assessment Citation: Abughalya MS, Ryan P, Goga IE.
    keywords: arthritis; arthroplasty; bone; hip; loosening; patients; rheumatoid; stem; total
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        item: #54 of 301
          id: saoj-201
      author: Bakkai, A; Ryan, P; Goga, IE
       title: Tapered uncemented HA-coated femoral stems: a radiological study
        date: 2017-09-27
       words: 3073
      flesch: 51
     summary: The longevity of uncemented stems relies on initial mechanical stability and thereafter on biological fixation or osteointegration.4,6 The radiographic appearance of stability and osteointegration seen in uncemented stems has been described by numerous authors.4,6,10 More specifically, the radiographic osteointegration of fully HA-coated stems has been extensively described by Chatelet,7 who separated the changes seen into three stages: the insertion stage, followed by the osteointegration stage, and then the period of peri- prosthetic bone remodelling.
    keywords: bone; hip; journal; osteointegration; stem; total; uncemented; year
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        item: #55 of 301
          id: saoj-206
      author: Mkize, S; Ferreira, N
       title: Outcome of bilateral circular fixators in complex lower limb fractures
        date: 2017-09-27
       words: 4234
      flesch: 53
     summary: Kataria et al. reported their results of 38 patients who were treated with fine wire external fixators and showed no cases of non-union or septic arthritis.24 In a series by Singh et al., 20 patients with tibial plateau fracture were treated with circular fixators. In their series, only one case (5%) developed non-union.25 In our study ten patients had tibial plateau fractures, three were compound fractures Gastillo-Anderson 3A and seven were closed fractures.
    keywords: compound; compound tibia; fixators; fractures; ga iii; iii; injuries; midshaft; patients; plateau; tibia; tibia fracture
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        item: #56 of 301
          id: saoj-209
      author: Solomons, M; Isaacs, S
       title: Intraosseous suture technique with K-wire stabilisation for fixation of mallet fracture with DIPJ volar subluxation
        date: 2017-09-27
       words: 2690
      flesch: 65
     summary: Key words: mallet fractures, DIPJ volar subluxation, surgical technique, mallet injury, K-wire stabilisation Citation: Solomons M, Isaacs S. Intra-osseous suture technique with K-wire stabilisation for fixation of mallet fracture with DIPJ volar subluxation. The indication for surgery in mallet fractures aside, the management can be extremely frustrating.
    keywords: fracture; hand; mallet; surg; technique; volar; wire
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        item: #57 of 301
          id: saoj-212
      author: Bakkai, Ali; Hardcastle, Timothy C; Sibanda, W
       title: Fracture patterns and complications related to pedestrian–vehicle collision victims in a public Level-1 Trauma Centre ICU population
        date: 2018-05-22
       words: 4407
      flesch: 63
     summary: PVCs are responsible for a substantial portion of overall road traffic accidents, with the highest fatality percentage among all road users attributed to pedestrians.10 Many studies have looked at the demographics and prevention aspects of pedestrian injuries in both developed and developing countries.11-13 The present study describes in depth different fracture patterns seen in PVC victims, starting from the clavicle to the foot. Magnitude of pedestrian head injuries & fatalities in Bangalore, south India: a retrospective study from an apex neurotrauma center.
    keywords: age; femur; fracture; injuries; injury; mortality; patients; pedestrian; pelvis; study; tibia; total; trauma
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        item: #58 of 301
          id: saoj-213
      author: Ngcelwane, Mthunzi
       title: New frontiers in the battle against the burden of musculoskeletal trauma from motor vehicle accidents
        date: 2018-05-22
       words: 1608
      flesch: 63
     summary: Figures from the trauma unit in Cape Town show road traffic accidents accounting for 18.8% of the patients they treat, second to assault by sharp objects at 20.9%.5 Parkinson et al. in Pietermaritzburg calculated the cost of treating motor vehicle accident victims admitted over a ten-week period to be 698 850 USD.6 There is no publication that talks to the burden of orthopaedic trauma in our country that I could find. 6. Parkinson F, Kent SJW, Aldous C, Oosthuizen G, Clarke D. The hospital cost of road traffic accidents at a South African regional trauma centre: A micro-costing study.
    keywords: burden; health; hospitals; road; trauma
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        item: #59 of 301
          id: saoj-214
      author: Wood, L; Firth, Greg; Potterton, J
       title: Short-term outcomes of single event multilevel surgery for children with diplegia in a South African setting
        date: 2018-05-22
       words: 4421
      flesch: 60
     summary: DOI 10.17159/2309-8309/2018/v17n2a8 South African Orthopaedic Journal http://journal.saoa.org.za PAEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS Citation: Wood L, Firth GB, Potterton J. Short-term outcomes of single event multilevel surgery for children with diplegia in a South African setting. Abstract Background: Although single event multilevel surgery (SEMLS) is well supported in the literature for walking children with cerebral palsy (CP) there is little evidence to show the outcomes in developing countries with limited resources.
    keywords: children; gait; hive; semls; study; surgery
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        item: #60 of 301
          id: saoj-215
      author: Maqungo, Sithombo; Swan, A; Naude, P; Held, M; Kruger, N; McCollum, G; Laubscher, M
       title: The management of low velocity transarticular gunshot injuries: A pilot study
        date: 2018-05-22
       words: 2400
      flesch: 46
     summary: in an analysis of transarticular gunshot injuries of the hip concluded that transarticular low velocity gunshot injuries to the hip without bowel penetration, minimal bone injury, and with the bullet no longer in contact with synovial fluid, could be managed conservatively.10 The management of low velocity transarticular gunshot injuries: A pilot study.
    keywords: group; gunshot; injuries; patients; transarticular; treatment; velocity
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        item: #61 of 301
          id: saoj-216
      author: Niemoller, Heinrich G; Greyling, P; Birkholtz, F; Goller, R; Suleman, F; Postma, T C
       title: Ability of the Schatzker classification to predict posteromedial fragmentation in tibial plateau fractures
        date: 2018-05-22
       words: 3153
      flesch: 49
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 4 Key words: tibial plateau fracture, Schatzker classification, CT scan, posteromedial fragmentation Ability of the Schatzker classification to predict posteromedial fragmentation in tibial plateau fractures Niemoller HG1, Greyling P², Birkholtz F³, Goller R2, Suleman F4, Postma TC5 ¹ BSc(UV), MBBCh(Wits); Orthopaedic surgeon in training, Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria ² MBChB(Pret), MMed(Orth)(Pret), FCS(Orth)(SA); Orthopaedic Surgeon, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria ³ MBChB(Pret), MMed(Orth)(Pret), FCS(Orth)(SA); Orthopaedic Surgeon, Unitas Hospital, Walk-a-mile Centre of Excellence 4 MBChB(Pret), MMed(Radiology)(Pret), FCS(Rad)(SA); Radiologist, Professor, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria Postma TC6 5 MChD, DHSM, PhD; Associate Professor and Head of Clinical Unit and Statistician. Immerman I. A biomechanical study of posteromedial tibial plateau fracture stability: Do they all require fixation?
    keywords: classification; fractures; fragmentation; orthopaedic; plateau; schatzker; tibial
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        item: #62 of 301
          id: saoj-218
      author: Geurt, J; Vranken, T; Gabriels, F; Arts, J J; Moh, P
       title: Contemporary treatment of chronic osteomyelitis: implementation in low- and middle-income countries
        date: 2018-05-22
       words: 3754
      flesch: 51
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 4 Key words: osteomyelitis, bio-active glass, biomaterial, low and middle-income countries Contemporary treatment of chronic osteomyelitis: implementation in low- and middle-income countries Geurts J1, Vranken T2, Gabriels F3, Arts JJ4, Moh P5 1 MD; Attending Orthopaedic Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands 2 MSc; Medical Student, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands 3 MSc; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Orthopaedic Biomechanics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), The Netherlands 4 PhD; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI School of Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Associate Professor, Orthopaedic Biomechanics Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), The Netherlands 5 MD; Attending Orthopaedic Surgeon, St John of God Hospital, Duayaw Nkwanta, Ghana Corresponding author: Dr J Geurts, Department of Orthopaedics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; tel +31-43-3875038; email: j.geurts@mumc.nl Page 41Geurts Citation: Geurts J, Vranken T, Gabriels F, Arts JJ, Moh P. Contemporary treatment of chronic osteomyelitis: implementation in low- and middle-income countries.
    keywords: countries; follow; health; income; journal; maastricht; osteomyelitis; patients; surgery; treatment
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        item: #63 of 301
          id: saoj-219
      author: Maku, M M; Ngcelwane, Mthunzi V; Olorunju, S A S
       title: Open tibial fractures: risk factors for infection in conversion of external fixator to intramedullary nail at a tertiary academic hospital
        date: 2018-05-22
       words: 4348
      flesch: 53
     summary: Open tibial fractures: risk factors for infection in conversion of external fixator to intramedullary nail at a tertiary academic hospital. Abstract Aim: To determine the rate of infection in open tibial fractures treated by conversion of an external fixation into an intramedullary nail, and to identify the factors contributing to the infections.
    keywords: fixator; fractures; group; infection; injury; intramedullary; nail; patients; tibial; tissue
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        item: #64 of 301
          id: saoj-222
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: Conferences, Courses and Symposia
        date: 2018-05-02
       words: 233
      flesch: -159
     summary: Layout 1 Page 4 South African Orthopaedic Journal http://journal.saoa.org.za CONFERENCES, COURSES & SYMPOSIA 18th Congress SA Spine Society 24-26 May 2018 Elangeni Hotel, Durban SASSH (SA Society for Surgery of the Hand) Annual Congress 31 August–2 September 2018 CSIR, Pretoria 64th Congress of the South African Orthopaedic Association 3-6 September 2018 CSIR, Pretoria MARCH 2018 European Pelvic Course 2018 22 March 2018 - 24 March 2018 Hamburg, Germany Unfallmedizinische Tagung Murnau: “Das Beste aus 25 Jahren” 23 March 2018 - 24 March 2018 Murnau am Staffelsee, Germany APRIL 2018 14th World Congress ICRS 2018 09 April 2018 - 12 April 2018 Macau, Macao AAOS Orthopaedic Board Preparation and Review Course 10 April 2018 - 14 April 2018 Chicago, United States WCO-IOF-ESCEO Krakow 2018 19 April 2018 - 22 April 2018 Krakow, Poland World Arthroplasty Congress 2018 19 April 2018 - 21 April 2018 Rome, Italy MAy 2018 Evidence Based Medicine Sessions (EBM) Barcelona 2018 31 May 2018 - 01 June 2018 Barcelona, Spain Foot and ankle Arthroscopy and Sports Traumatology course 31 May 2018 - 01 June 2018 Amsterdam, Netherlands JUNE 2018 International Conference “Ilizarov readings” 14 June 2018 - 16 June 2018 Kurgan, Russia International Research Society on Spinal Deformities IRSSD 2018 14 June 2018 - 16 June 2018 Utrecht, Netherlands EUROSPINE Education Week 18 June 2018 - 22 June 2018 Strasbourg, France Paediatrics Course: Diagnosis and Functional Treatment in CP Gait Disorders 22 June 2018 Basel, Switzerland LOCAL INTERNATIONAL
    keywords: april; june
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        item: #65 of 301
          id: saoj-224
      author: Office, Editorial; Makan, Pradeep
       title: Professional burnout
        date: 2018-05-02
       words: 709
      flesch: 69
     summary: I am certain that there are many times our partners think we are having an affair because we are so passionate about our work that we dedicate too much time and energy to our profession. Although we somehow managed to balance the demands of both work and home, times have changed.
    keywords: day; work
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        item: #66 of 301
          id: saoj-225
      author: Office, Editorial; Immelman, R J; De Vos, J N; Venter, J H
       title: Comparing outcomes between enhanced recovery after surgery and traditional protocols in total hip arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study
        date: 2018-05-02
       words: 4583
      flesch: 51
     summary: Conclusion: ERAS protocols can decrease the length of stay in elective total hip replacement without compromising patient safety or functional outcome. This hospital draws many patients from rural Mpumalanga, as well as surrounding Pretoria.
    keywords: arthroplasty; complications; days; discharge; eras; group; hip; hospital; patients; readmission; stay
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        item: #67 of 301
          id: saoj-226
      author: Office, Editorial; Kruger, N; Stander, L; Maqungo, S; Roche, S; Held, M
       title: The Oxford Shoulder Score: Cross-cultural adaptation and translational validation into Afrikaans
        date: 2018-05-02
       words: 5202
      flesch: 56
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 3 Key words: Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM); Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS); shoulder pain; Afrikaans; questionnaire; cross-cultural; quality of life; psychometrics; rotator cuff disease Citation: Kruger N, Stander L, Maqungo S, Roche S, Held M. The Oxford Shoulder Score: Cross-cultural adaptation and translational valida- tion into Afrikaans. It is an appropriate instrument for use in Afrikaans-speaking patients with shoulder pain from degenerative or inflammatory origin.
    keywords: afrikaans; correlation; die; journal; mean; moeite; oss; oxford; pain; patients; quickdash; score; shoulder; study; surgery; validity
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        item: #68 of 301
          id: saoj-227
      author: Office, Editorial; Seron, S; Rasool, M N
       title: Outcomes of intramedullary nailing for open fractures of the tibial shaft
        date: 2018-05-02
       words: 5713
      flesch: 62
     summary: The complication rate rises exponentially with high energy trauma, soft tissue disruption, wound contamination, altered vascularity and unstable fractures.3 Several strategies have been developed to minimise these complications and include the use of prophylactic antibiotics, tetanus toxoid, immediate soft tissue debridement and reconstruction, skeletal stabilisation, prophylactic bone grafting and adjuvant treatment like rhBMP-2.4-7 The ultimate goal is to achieve bony union, without infection, and a fully functional pain- free limb.8 The management of open fractures is regarded as an orthopaedic emergency.9 The traditional method of treating open tibial fractures was with an external fixator preferably within six hours of injury.10,11 Monolateral external fixation has been employed to treat open tibial fractures with great success; however, not with- out significant complications.12,13 Plate fixation has resulted in an unacceptable high infection rate, hence the pursuit of an alternate modality of fracture stabilisation.14 http://journal.saoa.org.za TRAUMA Outcomes of intramedullary nailing for open fractures of the tibial shaft Seron S1, Rasool MN2 1 MBChB, HDipOrth, FC Orth(SA); Consultant, Prince Mshiyeni Memorial hospital, Durban 2 MBChB, FCS Orth (SA), PhD; Professor, King Edward VIII Hospital, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban Corresponding author: Dr S Seron, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal; tel: +27 31 2604297; email: sashseron@webmail.co.za Abstract Aim: To establish superficial and deep infection rates and time to union of open tibial shaft fractures treated with primary debridement and locked intramedullary nails.
    keywords: bone; fractures; grade; hiv; infection; intramedullary; joint; open; orthop; patients; surg; tibial; time; union
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        item: #69 of 301
          id: saoj-229
      author: Office, Editorial; Marais, L C; Ferreira, N
       title: Circular external fixation in the management of tibial plateau fractures in patients over the age of 55 years
        date: 2018-05-02
       words: 5424
      flesch: 59
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 3 Key words: tibial plateau, fracture, circular fixator, external fixation, Ilizarov, osteoporosis, geriatric, elderly Citation: Marais LC, Ferreira N. Circular external fixation in the management of tibial plateau fractures in patients over the age of 55 years. As a result, this soft tissue envelope is often intolerant of extensive dissection and this has significant implications for the surgical management of the underlying bony injury.2 The management of tibial plateau fractures is difficult and may be associated with complications such as knee stiffness, deep infection, post-traumatic arthritis, malunion and non-union.3 Treatment options include circular or hybrid external fixation and internal fixation, with either a single lateral locking plate or dual medial and lateral plates.
    keywords: age; fixation; fractures; group; mean; orthop; patients; plateau; schatzker; tibial; union; years
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        item: #70 of 301
          id: saoj-230
      author: Office, Editorial; Manwana, M E; Mokone, G G; Kebaetse, M; Young, T
       title: Epidemiology of traumatic orthopaedic injuries at Princess Marina Hospital, Botswana
        date: 2018-05-02
       words: 5052
      flesch: 58
     summary: http://journal.saoa.org.za DOI 10.17159/2309-8309/2018/v17n1a6 TRAUMA Epidemiology of traumatic orthopaedic injuries at Princess Marina Hospital, Botswana Manwana ME1, Mokone GG2, Kebaetse M3, Young T4 1 Division of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Medical doctor, Princess Marina Hospital, Ministry of Health, Botswana 2 Senior Lecturer and Exercise Physiologist, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana 3 Senior Lecturer and Rehabilitation Scientist, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana 4 Director, Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Corresponding author: Dr Manwana M Esperance, Division of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, PO Box 241, Cape Town 8000, South Africa; tel: (+27) 21 938 9498; fax: (+27) 21 938 9138; email: esperancemanwana@yahoo.com Authors’ contributions: Designed study: MME, TY, GGM, MK. The aim of the study, therefore, was to evaluate the age, sex, type, and determinants of traumatic orthopaedic injuries for inpatients at Princess Marina Hospital from August 2014 to January 2015.
    keywords: age; botswana; cases; data; health; hospital; injuries; injury; orthopaedic; patients; study
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        item: #71 of 301
          id: saoj-234
      author: Sluis Cremer, Timothy R; Hosking, Keith; Held, Michael; Hilton, Thomas
       title: Minimally invasive CT-guided excision of osteoid osteoma and other small benign bone tumours: a single centre case series in South Africa
        date: 2019-01-21
       words: 5415
      flesch: 52
     summary: Hip arthroscopy for removal of an acetabular rim–based osteoid osteoma and concomitant femoroacetabular impingement correction. Minimally invasive CT-guided excision of osteoid osteoma and other small benign bone tumours: a single centre case series in South Africa.
    keywords: benign; bone; cost; diagnosis; lesion; mri; osteoid; osteoma; pain; patients; treatment
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        item: #72 of 301
          id: saoj-240
      author: Miseer, Sanesh; Mann, Theresa; Davis, Johannes Hendrick
       title: Burden and profile of spinal pathology at a major tertiary hospital in the Western Cape, South Africa
        date: 2019-01-21
       words: 5629
      flesch: 52
     summary: The second aim of the study was to determine the resource use associated with spinal pathology admissions, including the length of hospital stay, use of advanced radiological modalities and theatre time. Imaging, treatment, hospital stay and discharge pathway for Tygerberg Hospital Spinal Unit patients Trauma (n=180) Deformity (n=23) Degenerative (n=36) Infection (n=83) Malignancy (n=24) Total (n=346) Advanced imaging, n (%)
    keywords: burden; cape; hiv; hospital; infection; pathology; patients; south; spinal; spine; study; trauma; tygerberg; unit
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        item: #73 of 301
          id: saoj-241
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: Conferences, Courses and Symposia
        date: 2018-05-22
       words: 489
      flesch: 22
     summary: LOCAL 18th Congress SA Spine Society 24 May 2018 - 26 May 2018 Elangeni Hotel, Durban SASSH (SA Society for Surgery of the Hand) Annual Congress 31 August 2018 – 2 September 2018 CSIR, Pretoria 64th Congress of the South African Orthopaedic Association 3 September 2018 - 6 September 2018 CSIR, Pretoria INTERNATIONAL JULY 2018 8th World Congress of Biomechanics Dublin 2018 08 July 2018 - 12 July 2018 Leinster Dublin, Ireland 11th World Congress on Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Sports Medicine 18 July 2018 - 19 July 2018 Annual Meeting 06 March 2018 - 10 March 2018 New Orleans, United States Kiel Arthroscopy Course 2018 09 March 2018 - 10 March 2018 Kiel, Germany Utrecht Spine Course: Complex Paediatric Spine 09 March 2018 - 10 March 2018 Utrecht, Netherlands Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society – ORS 2018 10 March 2018 - 13 March 2018 New Orleans, United States 12th International Congress of Sports Medicine Society of Greece / 12th Hellenic-Cypriot Conference 16 March 2018 - 18 March 2018 Thessaloniki, Greece 12th International Meeting of the Austrian Foot Society 22 March 2018 - 24 March 2018 Going am Wilden Kaiser, Austria European Pelvic Course 2018
    keywords: march; september
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        item: #74 of 301
          id: saoj-242
      author: Raubenheimer, E J; Noffke, C E E; Lemmer, L B; Slavik, T; Van Heerden, W F P; Miniggio, H D
       title: Pharmaceutical management of bone catabolism: the bisphosphonates
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 5102
      flesch: 40
     summary: In a consensus statement of the Mayo Clinic Myeloma Group, IV pamidronate is recommended as the drug of choice for the management of these morbidities as pamidronate effectively suspends bone resorption, alleviates bone pain and corrects hypercalcaemia. Most of the other precautions and complications of BP therapy, which are discussed later, also apply to the first generation BPs.
    keywords: acid; administration; alendronate; bisphosphonates; bone; bps; cancer; clinical; disease; generation; management; oral; osteoporosis; pamidronate; patients; raubenheimer; south; therapy; zoledronic
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        item: #75 of 301
          id: saoj-243
      author: Workman, Matthew I; Kruger, N
       title: A survey of the use of traction for the reduction of cervical dislocations
        date: 2019-04-09
       words: 5191
      flesch: 50
     summary: Fifty-one per cent of surgeons do not think cervical reduction is routinely possible in under 4 hours. Cervical reduction restores bony canal dimensions and indirectly decompresses the cord.
    keywords: dislocations; emergency; hours; management; mri; orthopaedic; reduction; south; specialists; spinal; spine; surgeons; traction; training
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        item: #76 of 301
          id: saoj-244
      author: Engelmann, Esmee WM; Maqungo, Sithombo; Laubscher, Maritz; Hoppe, Sven; Roche, Stephen; Nicol, Andrew; Navsaria, Pradeep; Held, Michael
       title: Epidemiology and injury severity of 294 extremity gunshot wounds in ten months: a report from the Cape Town trauma registry: Evaluation of 294 patients at a level I trauma centre, South Africa
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 4252
      flesch: 57
     summary: To describe the epidemiology and injury severity of patients with extremity gunshot injuries in an area with a high rate of interpersonal violence. Conclusion: There is a high trauma load on the emergency department and orthopaedic service due to extremity gunshot injuries.
    keywords: africa; cape; extremity; gunshot; hospital; injuries; injury; iss; orthopaedic; patients; south; town; trauma
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        item: #77 of 301
          id: saoj-249
      author: Saragas, Nick P
       title: Teaching philosophy
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 826
      flesch: 70
     summary: When it comes to patients the young doctor needs to reiterate the Hippocrates dictum, ‘Practice two things in your dealings with disease: either help or do not harm the patient’. The subject should not be taught superficially but with depth so that core knowledge and all its subtleties is applied and long remembered.
    keywords: patient; teacher
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        item: #78 of 301
          id: saoj-25
      author: Ferreira, N; Marais, LC
       title: Calcific myonecrosis following snakebite
        date: 2017-08-29
       words: 1828
      flesch: 52
     summary: Key words: calcific myonecrosis, compartment syndrome, soft tissue calcification, snakebite http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8309/2017/v16n1a3 table i: Differential diagnosis of calcified soft tissue lesions Malignant conditions Benign conditions Synovial sarcoma Heterotypic ossification/myositisossificans Epithelioid sarcoma Dystrophic soft tissue calcification Soft tissue osteosarcoma Dermatomyositis/polymyositis Soft tissue mesenchymal ondrosarcoma Tumoral calcinosis Diabetic myonecrosis Calcific tenosynovitis SAOJ Autumn 2017.qxp_Orthopaedics Vol3 No4 2017/02/27 7:42 PM Page 28 SAOJ Autumn 2017.qxp_Orthopaedics Vol3 No4 2017/02/27 7:42 PM Page 29 Page 30 SA Orthopaedic Journal Autumn 2017 | Vol 16 • The theory that calcific myonecrosis develops after compartment syndrome suggests that a treatable cause for this complication exists.
    keywords: calcific; compartment; leg; myonecrosis; patients; syndrome; tissue
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        item: #79 of 301
          id: saoj-251
      author: Khan, Faraaz; Govender, S
       title: Sacroiliac joint involvement in spinal tuberculosis
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3871
      flesch: 43
     summary: Available clinical and radiological investigations including plain X-rays, CT and MRI scans, were scrutinised to actively exclude sacroiliac joint involvement. Conclusion: Concurrent radiographic evidence of sacroiliac joint involvement is not uncommon in patients with spinal tuberculosis, more so when abscess formation is associated, and should be actively looked for and excluded in such cases.
    keywords: abscess; formation; involvement; joint; patients; sacroiliac; sacroiliitis; spinal; spine; tuberculosis
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        item: #80 of 301
          id: saoj-252
      author: Naidoo, Thivani; Govender, S
       title: Fixation of extra-articular distal humerus fractures with a single posterolateral plate
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 4196
      flesch: 50
     summary: DOI 10.17159/2309-8309/2018/v17n3a4 South African Orthopaedic Journal http://journal.saoa.org.za TRAUMATRAUMA Citation: Naidoo T, Govender S. Fixation of extra-articular distal humerus fractures with a single posterolateral plate. Level 4 Key words: distal, humerus, fracture, extra-articular, posterolateral plate Fixation of extra-articular distal humerus fractures with a single posterolateral plate Naidoo T¹, Govender S² ¹ MBChB, FCOrtho, HDip(Ortho), BMed Sci(Hons); Orthopaedic surgeon, Department of Orthopaedics, Northdale Hospital, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ² MBBS, MD, FRCS, FC(Orth)PR; Professor and orthopaedic surgeon, Spinal Unit, King Dinuzulu Hospital, Durban, South Africa Corresponding author: Dr Thivani Naidoo, Private bag X9006, Pietermaritzburg, 3200; tel 033 387 9000; email: thivaninaidoo@gmail.com Page 36 Naidoo T et al.
    keywords: fixation; fractures; humerus; metaphyseal; min; patients; plate; plating; study
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        item: #81 of 301
          id: saoj-254
      author: Swanepoel, S; Dunn, R; Klopper, J; Held, M
       title: The FC Orth(SA) final examination: how effective is the written component?
        date: 2018-07-24
       words: 3392
      flesch: 41
     summary: Furthermore, the composite examination format is a labour- and resource-intensive undertaking and depends to a great degree on the feasibility regarding high cost, examiners’ time, facilities and funds, especially for LMICs.4,5 With resource limitations in sub-Saharan Africa a reality, the focus is to minimise the administrative burden for examination bodies and therefore constantly re-evaluate and choose appropriate examination components which can still deliver the desired quality in selecting our surgeons. Deterioration of clinical examination skills among medical practitioners has been attributed to improvements in technology and a lack of time to properly examine patients.8,9 However, especially in resource- restricted countries, a thorough clinical examination remains an important skill in the armamentarium of healthcare professionals.
    keywords: candidates; component; examination; orth(sa; orthopaedic; pass; results
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        item: #82 of 301
          id: saoj-259
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: Conferences, Courses and Symposia
        date: 2018-08-23
       words: 497
      flesch: 24
     summary: Annual Congress 31 August 2018 – 02 September 2018 CSIR, Pretoria 64th Congress of the South African Orthopaedic Association 03 September 2018 – 06 September 2018 CSIR, Pretoria INTERNATIONAL OCTOBER 2018 12th EFAS International Congress 2018 04 October 2018 – 06 October 2018 Geneva, Switzerland ISHA 2018 Annual Scientific Meeting 04 October 2018 – 06 October 2018 Melbourne, Australia 39th SICOT Orthopaedic World Congress Montreal 2018 10 October 2018 – 13 October 2018 Montreal , Canada Annual Meeting of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons ASES 2018 11 October 2018 – 14 October 2018 Chicago, United States Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Trauma Association OTA 2018 17 October 2018 – 20 October 2018 Orlando, United States 26th European Pediatrics Congress 22 October 2018 – 23 October 2018 Amsterdam, Netherlands NOVEMBER 2018 International Consensus Meeting on Orthopaedic Infections 25 January 2018 - 26 January 2018 Philadelphia, United States Focus on Arthroplasty Symposium: Unicondylar Knee Replacement 26 January 2018 - 27 January 2018
    keywords: march; october
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        item: #83 of 301
          id: saoj-260
      author: Elhadi, Ahmed Siddig; Gashi, Y N
       title: Unstable intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients: outcome of primary cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty versus internal fixation
        date: 2018-09-06
       words: 3305
      flesch: 53
     summary: Other surgeons have recommended prosthetic replacement for the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fractures because of the improved outcomes noted.9-12,18-23 The present study showed better results with hemiarthroplasty than with internal fixation for the treatment of unstable hip fracture in elderly patients, in terms of clinical and functional outcomes. Unstable intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients: outcome of primary cemented bipolar hemiarthroplasty versus internal fixation.
    keywords: fixation; fracture; group; hemiarthroplasty; hip; intertrochanteric; orthop; patients; study
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        item: #84 of 301
          id: saoj-262
      author: Marais, Leonard C
       title: The p-value: p for problem
        date: 2018-09-07
       words: 1114
      flesch: 49
     summary: 7. Gagnier JJ, Morgenstern H. Misconceptions, misuses, and misinterpretations of p values and significance testing. It is not, for example, the probability that the null hypothesis is true or that the result is due to chance.7 As pointed out by Gagnier and Morgenstern: ‘Overreliance on significance tests to interpret statistical findings ignores the magnitude of the association, estimation of precision, the consistency and pattern of results, possible bias arising from several sources, previous research findings, and foundational knowledge of relevant biological and clinical phenomena.’7
    keywords: findings; value
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        item: #85 of 301
          id: saoj-264
      author: Chivers, D; Lambrechts, A; Vrettos, B; Dachs, R; Roche, S
       title: Unrepaired rotator cuff tears following acromioplasty
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 4945
      flesch: 59
     summary: The prevalence of asymptomatic full thickness tears in the population aged 40–60 years is 4% and patients over 60 years is 24%, according to an MRI study by Sher et al.31 From this data it can be noted that rotator cuff tears are relatively common and that not all patients with cuff tears present with a loss in function or pain, which might explain the good clinical outcomes we found in this age group of patients. Abstract Background: The natural history of rotator cuff tears suggests that not all tears progress and small isolated rotator cuff tears might heal.
    keywords: atrophy; cuff; fatty; infiltration; patients; range; rotator; shoulder; stage; tears
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        item: #86 of 301
          id: saoj-265
      author: Wiese, K R; Kock, F W; Blake, C A; Franken, T; Jordaan, J D
       title: The accuracy of pre-operative digital templating in total hip arthroplasty performed in a low-volume, resource-constrained orthopaedic unit
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 4601
      flesch: 48
     summary: Pre-operative radiographs were done according to guidelines published by Scheerlinck followed by pre-operative templating using the Impax Orthopaedic tools® software and a stepwise technique described by Bono. Implanted prosthesis sizes, as recorded in operation notes, were retrospectively compared to pre-operative templating.
    keywords: arthroplasty; digital; hip; implant; orthopaedic; size; templating; tha; total; unit; volume
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        item: #87 of 301
          id: saoj-269
      author: Yende, Thabiso; Senoge, M E; Ferreira, N
       title: Functional outcomes following surgical treatment of chronically unreduced simple elbow dislocations: a retrospective review
        date: 2018-09-25
       words: 4201
      flesch: 47
     summary: Simple elbow dislocations were defined as dislocations with no associated fractures. Abstract Background: Chronic elbow dislocations are rare injuries that present late for orthopaedic management.
    keywords: chronic; dislocations; elbow; injury; patients; reduction; surgery; treatment
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        item: #88 of 301
          id: saoj-270
      author: Dunn, Robert N; Horn, Anria
       title: Posterior based circumferential spinal cord decompression in paediatric patients with the vertebral column resection (VCR) technique spares the anterior approach in severe kyphosis
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 3245
      flesch: 45
     summary: Abdullah M, Enrico N, Dunn R. Posterior vertebral column resection for severe spinal deformities. Posterior vertebral column resection for severe spinal deformities.
    keywords: column; cord; correction; deformity; iqr; patients; posterior; spinal; spine
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        item: #89 of 301
          id: saoj-271
      author: Kgoedi, Mohlakano Nelson; Rischbieter, Paul; Goller, Ruan
       title: Body mass index and Blount’s disease: a single academic hospital experience
        date: 2018-09-27
       words: 4898
      flesch: 59
     summary: Sabharwal et al. also found a higher BMI in males than females (38.2 vs 32.1 p=0.07) in his study of 45 patients with Blount’s disease.13 On the contrary, Pirpiris et al. found no statistical difference in BMI between males and females, with females having slightly higher BMI values than males (24.6 kg/m2 in males vs 26.1 kg/m2 in females, p=0.10).11 Laterality Our study found that patients with bilateral disease had significantly higher BMIs compared to patients with unilateral disease. The mean BMI for Blount’s disease patients was 26.5 kg/m2 (range: 12–44) with early-onset Blount’s patients having a mean of 24.2 kg/m2 (range: 12–44) and 27.7 kg/m2 (range: 12–43) for late- onset Blount’s patients (Table II).
    keywords: blount; bmi; children; disease; mean; onset; onset blount; patients; study
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        item: #90 of 301
          id: saoj-272
      author: Workman, M I; Wever, G S; McCollum, G A
       title: A survey of the management of posterior malleolar ankle fractures in South Africa
        date: 2019-08-30
       words: 3473
      flesch: 51
     summary: A survey of the management of posterior malleolar ankle fractures in South Africa. Although this study aimed primarily to assess current practice with regard to the management of posterior malleolar fractures, it also questioned the management of Weber A, B and C type fractures.
    keywords: ankle; cent; fixation; fractures; malleolar; malleolus; management; posterior; scan; syndesmosis
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        item: #91 of 301
          id: saoj-274
      author: Noconjo, L; Nortje, M B
       title: The short-term outcome of hip revision arthroplasty with Trabecular Metal™ components and augments
        date: 2021-08-10
       words: 3793
      flesch: 53
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 4 Keywords: Trabecular Metal™, augments, total hip arthroplasty, revision hip arthroplasty The short-term outcome of hip revision arthroplasty with Trabecular Metal™ components and augments Noconjo L¹ , Nortje MB2 1 B Physio; MBChB(UKZN); Registrar, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa 2 MBChB(UCT), FC Orth(SA); MMed(UCT), Consultant Orthopaedic and Arthroplasty Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Vincent Pallotti and Kingsbury Hospitals, Cape Town, South Africa Corresponding author: Dr L Noconjo, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Groote Schuur, Observatory, Cape Town, 8000; tel: 021 404 5108; cell: 083 751 1356; email: lubabalonoconjo@gmail.com The short-term outcome of hip revision arthroplasty with Trabecular Metal™ components and augments.
    keywords: arthroplasty; cup; hip; loosening; metal; revision; total
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        item: #92 of 301
          id: saoj-282
      author: Mehtar, M; Ramguthy, Y; Firth, G B
       title: Profile of patients with Blount’s disease at an academic hospital
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 4259
      flesch: 57
     summary: 7. Sabharwal S, Sabharwal S. Treatment of infantile Blount disease: an update. Scott AC, Kelly CH, Sullivan E. Body mass index as a prognostic factor in development of infantile Blount disease.
    keywords: adolescent; age; bilateral; blount; disease; group; infantile; juvenile; patients; study
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        item: #93 of 301
          id: saoj-284
      author: Hilton, T L; Wiese, Karin Rae; Hosking, K V; Hoffman, E B
       title: Proximal fibular resections for primary bone tumours: oncological and functional results of a case series
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 4376
      flesch: 53
     summary: The artery is sacrificed in type II resections, but may be preserved in type I resections. The median age for type II resections was 12 (6–83) years, with seven of the eight patients being under 20 years of age at presentation.
    keywords: fibula; malignant; nerve; patients; peroneal; resection; tumours; type
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        item: #94 of 301
          id: saoj-285
      author: Siyo, Zuko; Marais, Leonard C
       title: Reactivation of chronic haematogenous osteomyelitis in HIV-infected patients
        date: 2019-01-21
       words: 3171
      flesch: 43
     summary: The prevalence of HIV infection among patients with contiguous (post-operative or post-traumatic) infections was 32%, in comparison to 13% in the group with reactivation of chronic haematogenous infections (p=0.04; OR 3.2; 95% CI 1.0–9.8). Abstract Background: The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of HIV infection among adult patients with reactivation of haematogenous chronic osteomyelitis.
    keywords: cd4; chronic; hiv; infection; osteomyelitis; patients; prevalence; reactivation; study
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        item: #95 of 301
          id: saoj-286
      author: Dlamini, Nkanyiso; Ryan, Paul Vincent; Moodley, Yoshan
       title: Incidence and risk factors for extended post-operative length of stay following primary hip arthroplasty in a South African setting
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 5184
      flesch: 51
     summary: Abstract Background: This study sought to determine the incidence of extended post-operative length of stay (EPLoS) and its associated risk factors in South African primary hip arthroplasty patients. Conclusion: We provide a report of EPLoS and several associated risk factors in South African primary hip arthroplasty patients.
    keywords: arthroplasty; characteristics; eplos; hip; length; operative; patients; population; risk; south; stay; study; surgery
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        item: #96 of 301
          id: saoj-287
      author: Kruger, Neil; de Villiers, A-L; McGuire, Duncan T; Solomons, Michael Wayne
       title: Intraosseous terminal phalanx epidermoid inclusion cyst: a first case of late recurrence
        date: 2019-04-17
       words: 1719
      flesch: 50
     summary: Intraosseous terminal phalanx epidermoid inclusion cyst: a first case of late recurrence. Kurosawa K, Kobayashi R, Takagishi K. Distal phalangeal reconstruction for recurrent intraosseous epidermoid cyst of the finger - a case report.
    keywords: case; cyst; epidermoid; intraosseous; phalanx; recurrence
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        item: #97 of 301
          id: saoj-288
      author: Held, Michael; Walmsley, Phil; Baker, Paul; Ramasamy, Arul; Sandiford, Amir; Johnson, Luke; Rosenfeldt, Michael
       title: The South African take on the America–British–Canadian Fellowship
        date: 2019-04-17
       words: 1804
      flesch: 43
     summary: In their hospitals, orthopaedic surgeons are seen as income generators, are given resources, posts and space, as long as this generates more productivity and income. This type of leadership and culture is also practised by many orthopaedic surgeons in South Africa and might be the greatest positive effect on the future of our profession.
    keywords: care; consultant; health; orthopaedic; south; surgery; system; university
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        item: #98 of 301
          id: saoj-291
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: 64th South African Orthopaedic Congress 2018 Proceedings
        date: 2021-08-17
       words: 24831
      flesch: 49
     summary: Conclusion: The results of this study show that total wrist arthrodesis, when performed in subjects with wrist degeneration other than inflammatory arthritis, is associated with improvement in grip strength and patient reported outcome.  The mean age of included patients were 28.9 years (range: 11 - 68 years).
    keywords: africa; age; aim; ankle; arthroplasty; average; background; cases; conclusion; follow; fractures; group; hip; hospital; injury; joint; knee; mean; methods; months; operative; orthopaedic; outcome; paper; patients; post; range; rate; replacement; research; results; score; south; study; surgery; tha; time; total; treatment; use; years
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        item: #99 of 301
          id: saoj-294
      author: Rankin, M; Mohideen, M A H
       title: Anthropometric differences in the tibial tuberosity to trochlear groove measurement in an African population
        date: 2019-08-30
       words: 4025
      flesch: 56
     summary: What differences in morphologic features of the knee exist among patients of http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3689-0346 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5247-4062 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3689-0346 http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-0702 Page 57Rankin M et al. Copyright: © 2019 Rankin M, et al.
    keywords: doi; groove; knee; line; measurement; tibial; trochlear; tttg; tttg measurement; tuberosity
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        item: #100 of 301
          id: saoj-295
      author: Shipley, John A
       title: Imperfect regulation of implants
        date: 2019-01-21
       words: 1182
      flesch: 46
     summary: Implant problems can be divided into design errors, which would apply to every implant used, and manufacturing problems where a certain batch of implants may be flawed for some reason. South African implant registers Imperfect regulation of implants Prof JA Shipley MMed
    keywords: implant; problems; registers
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        item: #101 of 301
          id: saoj-298
      author: Rajah, Leon
       title: Big data and medicine
        date: 2019-01-21
       words: 1148
      flesch: 51
     summary: Emerging data platforms: These will allow unprecedented computing power and advances in data management systems for analysis and insight generation referred to as big data. Big data refers to the analysis of massive amounts of data points to gain novel insight; and its key characteristics may be understood by considering data, method and purpose.3 Data Big data is a massive shift in the ability to collect and analyse data quickly and cheaply.
    keywords: data; health; learning; medicine
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        item: #102 of 301
          id: saoj-299
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: CPD Questionnaire (V18N1)
        date: 2019-01-21
       words: 1332
      flesch: 53
     summary: Which of the following groups of chronic osteomyelitis has a lower HIV infection prevalence compared to the general population or any other causes in South Africa? a. Chronic post-open fracture osteomyelitis A b. Chronic post-open fracture osteomyelitis B c. Chronic contiguous osteomyelitis C d. Chronic haematogenous osteomyelitis D e.
    keywords: chronic
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        item: #103 of 301
          id: saoj-30
      author: Dunn, Robert
       title: Changing world yet business as usual?
        date: 2017-08-29
       words: 1335
      flesch: 56
     summary: Yes, we focus on the safe reasonable surgeon, but train on a public health based platform for independent practice in a largely clinically uncontrolled private environment where surgeons of any skill level can take on any surgery without peer review. These attributes are, however, where we seem to fail once in independent practice.
    keywords: orthopaedic; practice; surgeon; training
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        item: #104 of 301
          id: saoj-301
      author: Rutarama, A; Firth, G B
       title: Assessment of elbow functional outcome after closed reduction and percutaneous pinning of displaced supracondylar humerus fractures in children
        date: 2019-09-05
       words: 5199
      flesch: 57
     summary: More recent evidence for physiotherapy after CRPP for supracondylar fractures in children found no difference one year post treatment.6 Keppler et al. showed a small benefit of physiotherapy at six weeks and no benefit at one year but Schmale et al. showed no benefit at all.5,6 The outcome of grade III supracondylar fractures in South Africa has not been studied prospectively before. The objectives of this study were 1) to measure the elbow range of motion (ROM) at three, six, 12 and 24 weeks after CRPP for grade III supracondylar fractures; 2) to assess the functional outcome of the injured limb using the Paediatric Outcome Data Collection Instrument (PODCI) score; 3) to compare elbow functional outcome of children less than 7 years old versus children more than 7 years old; and 4) to assess other risk factors or complications associated with poor outcomes after CRPP (including age and associated soft tissue injury).
    keywords: children; elbow; fractures; injuries; nerve; outcome; study; supracondylar; weeks; years
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        item: #105 of 301
          id: saoj-302
      author: Mayet, Z; Ferrao, P N; Saragas, Nikiforos S
       title: Cross-screw technique for the modified Lapidus procedure using headless compression screws
        date: 2019-08-30
       words: 4376
      flesch: 58
     summary: Popelka S, Hromảdka R, Vavřik P, Bartảk V, Popelka S Jr., Sosna A. Hypermobility of the first metatarsal bone in patients with Rheumatoid arthritis treated by Lapidus procedure. Level of evidence: Level 4 Key words: modified Lapidus, cross-screw technique, headless compression screw, hallux valgus, first ray instability Cross-screw technique for the modified Lapidus procedure using headless compression screws Mayet Z1 , Ferrao PNF2 , Saragas NP3 1 BSc(Wits), MBChB(Medunsa), FC Orth (SA), MMed(Orth)(Wits); The Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Unit, Netcare Linksfield Hospital, Johannesburg; Consultant, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa ² MBChB(Pret), FCS(SA)Ortho; The Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Unit, Netcare Linksfield Hospital, Johannesburg; Consultant, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa ³ MBBCh(Wits), FCS(SA)Ortho, MMed(Ortho Surg)(Wits); The Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Unit, Netcare Linksfield Hospital, Johannesburg; Professor, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Corresponding author: Dr Ziyaad Mayet, PO Box 901177, Bertsham, 2013; tel: 011 4339522; fax: 0866013108; email: bonedoc.zm@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7340-3148 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-0326 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5566-7588 Page 42 Mayet Z et al.
    keywords: ankle; fixation; foot; hallux; lapidus; modified; patients; procedure; screws; union; valgus
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        item: #106 of 301
          id: saoj-304
      author: Hitge, C; Pietrzak, J R T; de Buys, B M; van der Jagt, D R; Ramokgopa, M; Mokete, L
       title: The Publication rates of podium presentations at the annual South African Orthopaedic Association Congress from 2010 to 2015
        date: 2019-07-29
       words: 4080
      flesch: 44
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 4 Key words: publication rate, South African Orthopaedic Association, South African Orthopaedic Congress Publication rates of podium presentations at the annual South African Orthopaedic Association Congress from 2010 to 2015 These findings correlate unfavourably with international experience where publication rates range from 26.6 to 59% (Figure 4).1,4
    keywords: african; journal; orthopaedic; podium; presentations; publication; rates; research; south; surgery
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        item: #107 of 301
          id: saoj-305
      author: Bernstein, Brian; Du Plessis, J P; Laubscher, M; Maqungo, S
       title: Management of complex proximal humerus fractures in the elderly: what is the role of open reduction and internal fixation?
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 6903
      flesch: 53
     summary: Level of evidence: 5 Key words: proximal humerus fracture, fragility fracture, osteoporosis, implant evolution, internal fixation Management of complex proximal humerus fractures in the elderly: what is the role of open reduction and internal fixation? The diagnosis of osteoporosis is largely based around hip and spine bone mineral density, and the diagnostic criteria in relation to proximal humerus fractures is less clear.11 A proximal humerus fracture may be the presenting complaint in a patient with osteoporosis, and allow its diagnosis.
    keywords: aug; bone; cape; fixation; fractures; humerus; implant; internet; medial; orthop; orthopaedic; osteoporosis; outcomes; patients; proximal; shoulder; study; surgery; treatment; use
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        item: #108 of 301
          id: saoj-306
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: Conferences, Courses and Symposia
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 616
      flesch: 36
     summary: SA Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (SASES) 4. SA Foot Surgeons’ Association (SAFSA) 5. SA Orthopaedic Trauma Society (SAOTS) 6. Page 4 South African Orthopaedic Journal http://journal.saoa.org.za Page 4 South African Orthopaedic Journal http://journal.saoa.org.za CONFERENCES, COURSES & SYMPOSIA SASSH (SA Society for Surgery of the Hand) Refresher Course 23-25 February 2018 Pretoria 18th Congress SA Spine Society 24-26 May 2018 Elangeni Hotel, Durban 64th Congress of the South African Orthopaedic Association 3-6 September 2018 CSIR, Pretoria JANUARY 2018
    keywords: february; march; society
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        item: #109 of 301
          id: saoj-307
      author: Koch, O; Alexander, A N; Olorunju, S; McLoughlin, H A; Le Roux, T L
       title: Grip strength following total wrist arthrodesis using the same hand as reference: a prospective study: A Prospective Study
        date: 2019-09-05
       words: 3998
      flesch: 60
     summary: The advances in implants have successfully decreased the complications reported in total wrist fusion surgery. Conclusion: Total wrist fusion remains a reliable procedure to restore a power grip at the expense of wrist movement.
    keywords: follow; fusion; grip; grip strength; hand; participants; post; strength; study; surgery; total; wrist
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        item: #110 of 301
          id: saoj-309
      author: Pretorius, H S; Strauss, K; Ferreira, N; Lamberts, R P
       title: Circular frames of the humerus: salvage surgery case series
        date: 2019-09-10
       words: 3981
      flesch: 54
     summary: All the treatment failures occurred in non-union cases. When the fixation fails due to non-union or infection, the use of external fixation is often required and may even be required as the initial fracture management due to severe soft tissue defects.1-3 In 2007, Tomic used Ilizarov circular external fixation to treat 28 non-unions of the humerus and achieved 100% union in all 28 cases in an average period of 4.1 months (range: 3.5–5.7 months).4 In 2016, Ferreira et al. used circular external fixation to treat septic non-unions in eight cases and achieved 100% union rates with a mean fixator time of 29 weeks.5 A vital procedural step performed in this study was the radical debridement of devascularised bone ends and excision of the interposed fibrous tissue, which meant exposing the fracture site.
    keywords: bone; cases; fixation; fracture; humerus; non; patients; pin; septic; site; union
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        item: #111 of 301
          id: saoj-31
      author: Mohammedali, S; Marais, LC
       title: Sarcomas other than Kaposi's sarcoma in HIV
        date: 2017-08-29
       words: 3022
      flesch: 54
     summary: There is a high prevalence of HIV infection in South Africa with an estimated 6.8 million cases in 2014.1 In the province of KwaZulu-Natal, where this research was performed, an estimated 21.5% of adults are living with HIV.2 Significant strides have been made in terms of the management of HIV, and near-normal life expectancy can be expected if anti-retroviral therapy is timeously instituted.3 Cancers can be categorised by their associations with HIV/Aids as being Aids-defining cancers (ADCs) such as Kaposi’s sarcoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and cervical cancer, which are all virus-related, and non-Aids-defining cancers (NADCs) (Figures 1 and 2).4 These factors suggest that HIV infection may be related to the development of sarcomas.
    keywords: aids; autumn; group; hiv; negative; page; patients; sarcomas; study
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        item: #112 of 301
          id: saoj-310
      author: Brown, O; Goliath, V; Van Rooyen, R M; Aldous, C; Marais, L C
       title: Communicating about prognosis with regard to osteosarcoma in a South African cross-cultural clinical setting: strategies and challenges
        date: 2019-09-05
       words: 5592
      flesch: 48
     summary: The focus group interview schedule was piloted with a social work colleague who has experience with working with cancer patients in the study setting. The study is part of a larger project aimed at developing an evidence-based practice guideline for communicating with Zulu patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma.
    keywords: cancer; clinical; communicating; hcps; information; osteosarcoma; participants; patients; prognosis; strategies; study; treatment; zulu
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        item: #113 of 301
          id: saoj-311
      author: Swan, A K; Dunn, R N
       title: ‘Out with the old and in with the new’ – a retrospective review of paediatric craniocervical junction fixation: indications, techniques and outcomes
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 5615
      flesch: 51
     summary: Wang J, Vokshoor A, Kim S, Elton S, Kosnik E, Bartkowski H. Pediatric atlantoaxial instability: management with screw fixation. Lateral mass screw fixation of C-1.
    keywords: fixation; fusion; halo; journal; mass; neurosurgery; patients; pediatric; posterior; rate; screw; spine; techniques; union
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        item: #114 of 301
          id: saoj-312
      author: Singh, V
       title: The Smith & Nephew Orthopaedic Travelling Fellowship: A cross-pollination of knowledge
        date: 2019-08-28
       words: 2217
      flesch: 53
     summary: The list, which he proudly pointed out, included four heads of orthopaedic departments in South Africa. The list of past Travelling Fellows includes four past South African Orthopaedic Association Presidents (Table I), three current heads of South African orthopaedic departments and numerous past heads of South African orthopaedic departments.
    keywords: department; fellowship; hospital; nephew; orthopaedic; smith; south
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        item: #115 of 301
          id: saoj-314
      author: Botma, N; Graham, S; Held, M; Laubscher, M
       title: Intramedullary nailing of tibial non-unions using the suprapatellar approach: a case series
        date: 2020-03-16
       words: 4255
      flesch: 55
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 4 Keywords: tibia, non-union, suprapatellar, intramedullary, nail Intramedullary nailing of tibial non-unions using the suprapatellar approach: a case series Botma N1 , Graham S2 , Held M3 , Laubscher M4 1 MBChB(Stell); Orthopaedic registrar 2 MBChB, MRCS, MSc(Res), FRCS(Tr&Ortho); Orthopaedic surgeon 3 MD, PhD, FC Orth(SA); Orthopaedic surgeon 4 MBChB(UFS), Dip PEC, FC Orth(SA), MMed Ortho(UCT); Orthopaedic surgeon Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa Corresponding author: Dr Nico Botma, Orthopaedic Research Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, H49 OMB, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa; tel: (021) 404 9111; email: nico.botma@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6053-814X https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4091-7548 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0671-0439 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5989-8383 Page 41Botma N et al. Patients and methods Patients with an aseptic tibial non-union, who were treated with a suprapatellar entry IMN from May 2016 to April 2018, were reviewed retrospectively.
    keywords: fracture; nail; non; orthop; patients; suprapatellar; tibial; treatment; union
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        item: #116 of 301
          id: saoj-315
      author: Davis, J H; Burger, M C; Pienaar, G; Lamberts, R P
       title: 18F-FDG PET/CT as a modality for the evaluation of persisting raised infective markers in patients with spinal tuberculosis
        date: 2020-03-16
       words: 4785
      flesch: 55
     summary: A difference in the neurological function between the two groups at the time of spinal TB diagnosis was observed: all PET/CT positive patients were ambulatory, with four of five (80%) having no neurological fallout (Frankel grade E) compared to four out of 12 (31%) of PET/CT negative patients who presented ambulatory (Frankel grade D/E), with the rest (69%) presenting with neurological fallout that prevented mobilisation. The aim of the study was to investigate the differences in participant characteristics between positive and negative, positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose integrated with computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) activity at the spinal tuberculosis (TB) site following 12 months of the appropriate chemotherapy therapy for spinal TB.
    keywords: biopsy; diagnosis; esr; fdg; group; patients; pet; spinal; study; treatment; tuberculosis
       cache: saoj-315.pdf
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        item: #117 of 301
          id: saoj-32
      author: Pillay, Y; Ferreira, N; Marais, LC
       title: Primary malignant bone tumours: Epidemiological data from an Orthopaedic Oncology Unit in South Africa
        date: 2017-08-29
       words: 3018
      flesch: 52
     summary: HIV infection had no significant association with primary bone tumour incidence. i: relative percentages of primary bone tumours, excluding haematopoietic tumours Grey’s Hospital USA China UK Nigeria Osteosarcoma 72.6% 39.5% 59.8% 34% 58.9% Chondrosarcoma 11.1% 28.6% 16.3% 27% 21.4% Ewing’s sarcoma 9.4% 11.9% 4.4% 19% 7.2% Fibrosarcoma 4.2% 5.5% 0.8% 8.9% Chordoma 0% 8.5% 4.2% Malignant GCT 1.7% 0.7% 1.4% Adamantinoma 0.9% 0.7% 0.5% Figure 3.
    keywords: bone; data; incidence; malignant; osteosarcoma; patients; tumours
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        item: #118 of 301
          id: saoj-320
      author: Rosin, R C; Rasool, M N; Sibanda, W; Rollinson, P D
       title: Antegrade flexible intramedullary nailing through the greater trochanter in paediatric femur shaft fractures
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 6094
      flesch: 61
     summary: Abstract Aims: To determine whether an antegrade approach, through the tip of the greater trochanter, in femoral shaft fractures in children, is safe, achieves adequate union and results in significant proximal femoral growth complications. SA Orthop J 2019;18(4) Introduction The incidence of femoral shaft fractures in South Africa is estimated to be 0.25 per 1 000 children per year.1 The management of paediatric femoral shaft fractures includes both non-operative and operative options.2 Flexible intramedullary nails (FIN) are becoming increasingly popular in the 5–11 year-old age group.
    keywords: antegrade; children; femur; flexible; fractures; intramedullary; orthop; patients; shaft; study; trochanter; yes
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        item: #119 of 301
          id: saoj-322
      author: Marais, Leonard C
       title: Tuning stem cells
        date: 2019-05-02
       words: 1379
      flesch: 49
     summary: Basically, stem cells detect and respond to the stiffness of their environment. These external mechanical forces thus tune stem cell fate, driving differentiation towards a certain phenotype.7 The major problem with stem cells is however the maintenance of this differentiation.
    keywords: bone; cells; differentiation; environment; healing; stem
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        item: #120 of 301
          id: saoj-323
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: CPD Questionnaire (V18N02)
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 1628
      flesch: 53
     summary: Within 4 hours of injury D e. a. Patients with upper extremity injury had higher injury severity A b.
    keywords: patients; reduction
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        item: #121 of 301
          id: saoj-324
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: Conferences, Courses and Symposia
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 607
      flesch: 22
     summary: Page 4 South African Orthopaedic Journal http://journal.saoa.org.za Page 4 South African Orthopaedic Journal http://journal.saoa.org.za CONFERENCES, COURSES & SYMPOSIA SASSH (SA Society for Surgery of the Hand) Refresher Course 23-25 February 2018 Pretoria 18th Congress SA Spine Society 24-26 May 2018 Elangeni Hotel, Durban 64th Congress of the South African Orthopaedic Association 3-6 September 2018 CSIR, Pretoria JANUARY 2018 SA Paediatric Orthopaedic Society (SAPOS) 7. SA Society for Hip Arthroscopy (SASHA) 8.
    keywords: march; october; society
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        item: #122 of 301
          id: saoj-325
      author: Horn, A; Sipilä, M
       title: Femoral lengthening in children
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 4084
      flesch: 53
     summary: Abstract Background: We evaluated the outcomes following femoral lengthening by distraction osteogenesis in children. Method: A retrospective review was performed of all patients who underwent femoral lengthening as an isolated procedure at our institution.
    keywords: complications; femur; fracture; joint; knee; lengthening; lld; patients; regenerate
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        item: #123 of 301
          id: saoj-327
      author: Dey, R; Patnaik, S; Nair, G; Steiner, S; Sivarasu, S
       title: An intra-operative device for parallel drilling and femoral landmark estimation during medial patellofemoral ligament reconstructive surgery
        date: 2020-11-17
       words: 4041
      flesch: 58
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 5 Keywords: knee surgery, patella, orthopaedic, MPFL reconstruction, 3D-printed, novel surgical device An intra-operative device for parallel drilling and femoral landmark estimation during medial patellofemoral ligament reconstructive surgery Dey R1 , Patnaik S2, Nair G3, Steiner S4, Sivarasu S5 1 PhD; Postdoctoral fellow, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa 2 MD; Senior consultant, Sunshine Hospital, Department of Arthroscopy and Sport Centre, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India 3 MSc; Senior technical officer, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa 4 MS; Lecturer, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa 5 PhD; Associate professor, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa Corresponding author: Dr Sudesh Sivarasu, Room 7.17, Anatomy Building, University of Cape Town Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa; tel: (021) 404 7613; email: Sudesh.Sivarasu@uct.ac.za https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3616-1995 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0812-568X Page 213Dey (source: Sivarasu S, Patnaik S. Accessory for conducting patella surgery
    keywords: design; device; drill; knee; ligament; mpfl; patella; patellofemoral; reconstruction; rig
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        item: #124 of 301
          id: saoj-329
      author: Asmall, T; Gunston, G; Venter, R; Henry, B M; Keet, K
       title: Surgical anatomy of the sciatic nerve and its relationship to the piriformis muscle with a description of a rare variant
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 5529
      flesch: 61
     summary: Table I: The prevalence of sciatic nerve variation types with respect to sex and side Total n (%) The prevalence of sciatic nerve variation types with respect to symmetry Total n (%) Males n (%) Females n (%)
    keywords: bifurcation; females; length; muscle; nerve; piriformis; popliteal; relationship; study; total; type
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        item: #125 of 301
          id: saoj-33
      author: Govender, RD; Dunn, RN
       title: Early onset scoliosis: The use of growth rods
        date: 2017-08-29
       words: 1432
      flesch: 58
     summary: : The use of growth rods RD Govender MBBCh(Wits), FC Orth(SA) AOSpine Fellow at the Spine Surgery Unit, Groote Schuur Hospital RN Dunn MBChB(UCT), MMed(UCT)Orth, FCS(SA)Orth Pieter Moll and Nuffield Chair of Orthopaedic Surgery and HOD University of Cape Town Corresponding author: Prof RN Dunn Department of Orthopaedic Surgery H49 OMB Groote Schuur Hospital 7925 Observatory Cape Town Tel: 021 404 5387 Fax: 021 447 2709 Email: info@spinesurgery.co.za Introduction The management of scoliosis in the growing child presents a unique challenge to the treating surgeon due to the patient’s small size, frequently associated comorbidities and pulmonary consequences with early fusion. Key words: spine, growth rods, scoliosis http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8309/2017/v16n1a7 SAOJ Autumn 2017.qxp_Orthopaedics Vol3 No4 2017/02/27 7:42 PM Page 49 SAOJ Autumn 2017.qxp_Orthopaedics Vol3 No4 2017/02/27 7:42 PM Page 50 SAOJ Autumn 2017.qxp_Orthopaedics Vol3 No4 2017/02/27 7:42 PM Page 51 SAOJ Autumn 2017.qxp_Orthopaedics Vol3 No4 2017/02/27 7:42 PM Page 52 SA Orthopaedic Journal Autumn 2017 | Vol 16 •
    keywords: fusion; growth; onset; scoliosis; spine
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        item: #126 of 301
          id: saoj-330
      author: van Heukelum, M; Blake, C A; Franken, T; Burger, M C; Ferreira, N; Gobetz, G
       title: Peri-articular infiltration in the resource-restrained environment – still a worthwhile adjunct to multimodal analgesia post total knee replacement
        date: 2020-08-26
       words: 4912
      flesch: 46
     summary: Infiltration volumes were calculated at 1 ml/kg and the infiltration technique followed a specific protocol. Infiltration volume was calculated on a volume per kilogram (1 ml/kg) basis for each individual patient to standardise volumes and adjust for the large variance in patient size and weight.
    keywords: arthroplasty; bupivacaine; group; hours; infiltration; knee; pai; pain; post; technique
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        item: #127 of 301
          id: saoj-332
      author: Greeff, W; Greeff, R D V; Frey, C T; Singh, V
       title: Fatigue failure of the femoral component of a total knee arthroplasty: a case report and review of the literature
        date: 2020-11-17
       words: 2890
      flesch: 56
     summary: We also summarised all cases of femoral component fatigue failure in the English literature. Conclusion: Although femoral component fatigue failure in TKA is rare, the majority of cases have attributed the failure to poor surgical technique.
    keywords: arthroplasty; component; failure; fatigue; fracture; implant; knee; surgery
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        item: #128 of 301
          id: saoj-334
      author: Noconjo, L; Horn, A
       title: An epidemiology of paediatric cervical spine injuries at the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital over a ten-year period
        date: 2020-03-16
       words: 4069
      flesch: 58
     summary: Road traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of child injury deaths in South Africa, and in Cape Town road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death in children aged 5–14 years, significantly above the HIV/AIDS mortality rate.5 Our institution’s trauma unit processes approximately 1 200 victims of road traffic injuries per year, yet little is known about the true incidence and severity of CSI in children. Level of evidence: Level 4 Keywords: cervical spine injury, motor vehicle accident, Frankel grade, head injury An epidemiology of paediatric cervical spine injuries at the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital over a ten-year period Noconjo L¹ , Horn A² 1 B Physio, MBChB(UKZN); Registrar, Orthopaedic Surgery (UCT
    keywords: age; children; csis; injuries; injury; patients; spine; years
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        item: #129 of 301
          id: saoj-335
      author: Maqungo, Sithombo
       title: The use of racial classification in medical research
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 1087
      flesch: 60
     summary: Different categorisations of race are used in different contexts and when I encounter these references in articles I read or review, I am often struck by how the use of race, as a category, somehow escapes the normal scientific rigour we use to define any other category. Race is used in various ways in medical research: studies looking at the impact of socioeconomic factors on health; the effect of culture on medical compliance and understanding; the impact of language and, in some cases, a link is made between the race of participants and a perceived common or unusual clinical outcome or clinical pathway.
    keywords: medical; race; research
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        item: #130 of 301
          id: saoj-337
      author: Tanwar, Y; Potgieter, M; Oosthuizen, M; Schubert, P; Ferreira, N
       title: Bursal synovial chondromatosis overlying a solitary osteochondroma of the distal femur: a case report
        date: 2020-03-16
       words: 2503
      flesch: 36
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 5 Keywords: synovial chondromatosis, secondary synovial chondromatosis, bursal synovial chondromatosis, osteochondroma Bursal synovial chondromatosis overlying a solitary osteochondroma of the distal femur: a case report Tanwar Y¹ , Potgieter M² , Oosthuizen M³ , Schubert P4 , Ferreira N5 1 MBBS, MS, DNB, MRCS; Stellenbosch University Limb Reconstruction Fellow, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa 2 MBChB, FC Orth(SA), MMed(Orth); Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa ³ MBChB; Registrar, Division of Anatomical Pathology, Tygerberg Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa 4 MBChB, FCPath(Anat)(SA), MMed(Anat Path), MScMedSc(Cytopathology), MPhil(Paed Path), MIAC; Associate Professor and Consultant Anatomical Pathologist, Division of Anatomical Pathology, Tygerberg Hospital, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa 5 BSc, MBChB, FC Orth(SA), MMed(Orth), PhD; Associate Professor, Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon and Head of Tumour, Sepsis and Reconstruction Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Corresponding author: Prof. Nando Ferreira, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa; tel: +27 (21) 938 5456; email: nferreira@sun.ac.za https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4606-7801 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-4859 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6820-9482 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4422-7349 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0567-3373 Page 47Tanwar Y et al. A solitary pedunculated osteochondroma with bursal formation and secondary synovial chondromatosis was diagnosed (Figures 2 and 3).
    keywords: bursal; cartilage; case; chondromatosis; doi; osteochondroma; sciences; synovial; tissue
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        item: #131 of 301
          id: saoj-338
      author: Erasmus, L J; Fourie, F F; Van der Merwe, J F
       title: Low dislocation rates achieved when using dual mobility cup hip implants for femur neck fractures
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 3589
      flesch: 61
     summary: Abdel, who headed the study, concluded that hip dislocations post THA are multifactorial in cause, and a holistic approach needs to be taken to minimise the risk of dislocation.12 A modern solution to the problem of dislocation after THA has been suggested, namely the dual mobility cup (DMC). After determining the cumulative incidence of dislocations in our study group, we planned to compare our numbers to those of existing studies on hip dislocation in standard and DMC hip arthroplasty done for intracapsular NOF fractures.
    keywords: arthroplasty; dislocation; fractures; hip; mobility; patients; study; total; year
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        item: #132 of 301
          id: saoj-339
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: Conferences, Courses and Symposia
        date: 2019-06-25
       words: 446
      flesch: 21
     summary: SA Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (SASES) 4. SA Foot Surgeons’ Association (SAFSA) 5. SA Orthopaedic Trauma Society (SAOTS) 6. Mr Marinis Pirpiris – Melbourne, Australia – SAOTS Belgium Prof Peter Verdonk – Antwerp, Belgium – SAKS Brazil Prof Kodi Kojima – Sao Paulo, Brazil – SAOTS Canada Dr Mark Glazebrook – Halifax, Canada – SAFSA France Dr Mathieu Thaunat – Lyon, France – SAKS Scotland Prof Colin Howie – Edinburgh, Scotland – SAAS Singapore Dr Christopher Pearce – Jurong East, Singapore – SAFSA Switzerland Prof Andreas Imhoff – Basel, Switzerland – SASES & SAKS Dr Mario Morgenstern – Basel, Switzerland Infection – SAOTS UK Mr Phil Chapman-Sheath – Southampton, UK – SAAS Mr Andrew Porteous – Bristol, UK – SAAS Mr Nick Nicolaou – Sheffield, UK – SAPOS Prof Lee Jeys – Birmingham, UK – SOLS Prof Phil Turner – Manchester, UK – SAAS Mr Andy Williams – London, UK – SAKS Mr Anthony Perera – Cardiff, UK – SAFSA Mr Tony Andrade – Reading, UK – SASHA USA Prof Christopher Harner – Pittsburgh, USA – SAKS Dr Christopher DiGiovanni – Boston, USA – SAFSA Prof Marc Safran Stanford – USA – SASHA Germany Dr Ludwig Seebauer – Munich, Germany – SASES Italy Dr Alberto Constantini – Rome, Italy – SASHA Netherlands Dr Jaap Willems – Amsterdam, Netherlands – SASES New Zealand
    keywords: december; november
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        item: #133 of 301
          id: saoj-34
      author: Zanati, A; Ferreira, N; Marais, LC
       title: Giant cell tumour of bone: A demographic study from a tumour unit in South Africa
        date: 2017-08-29
       words: 3888
      flesch: 56
     summary: Giant cell tumour of bone (GCT) is a rare primary bone tumour. Conclusion: Giant cell tumours of bone are uncommon.
    keywords: bone; cases; cell; femur; gct; giant; lung; male; metastases; patients; tibia; tumour
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        item: #134 of 301
          id: saoj-340
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: CPD Questionnaire (V18N3)
        date: 2019-06-25
       words: 1514
      flesch: 54
     summary: Regarding the TTTG measurement: a. TTTG measurement decreases at terminal extension due to the ‘screw-home’ mechanism A b. TTTG measurement increases at terminal extension due to the ‘femoral roll-back’ mechanism B c. TTTG measurement decreases at terminal extension due to the ‘femoral roll-back’ mechanism C d. TTTG measurement increases at terminal extension due to the ‘screw-home’ mechanism D e. TTTG measurement is unaffected by range of motion of the knee E 20. Chromic sutures B c. Cannulated screws C d.
    keywords: blount
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        item: #135 of 301
          id: saoj-341
      author: Gericke, E; De Beer, J; Deacon, M; Marais, L C
       title: Percutaneous intra-articular tranexamic acid following total knee arthroplasty without drainage to reduce blood loss
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 4324
      flesch: 59
     summary: Formula: Total blood loss (ml) = 100 × Hbloss/Hbi Hbloss = BV × 10 × (Hbi − Hbe) Our findings suggest that intra-articular TXA may reduce total blood loss.
    keywords: acid; arthroplasty; blood; group; knee; loss; patients; study; total; tranexamic; txa
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        item: #136 of 301
          id: saoj-342
      author: Joubert, J A; Matshidza, S; D’Alton, E J
       title: The use of three-dimensional models in tibial plateau fractures
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 4080
      flesch: 43
     summary: In addition, the theoretical proposed procedure based on 3D model assessment differed from the proposed procedure based on 3D CT assessment in 19% of cases, implying that the use of 3D models should be seen as an adjunct to planning and should not be used alone. The effect of 3D models on patient outcome remains untested.
    keywords: classification; fracture; models; observers; plateau; reliability; system; use
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        item: #137 of 301
          id: saoj-343
      author: Anley, C; Vrettos, B C; Rachuene, P; Roche, S J L
       title: Proximal humerus fractures - Part 1: Conservative management
        date: 2019-07-15
       words: 7101
      flesch: 54
     summary: Proximal humeral fracture treatment in adults. Trends in the surgical treatment of proximal humeral fractures–a nationwide 23-year study in Finland.
    keywords: bone; classification; displacement; elbow; figure; fractures; humerus; journal; management; neer; orthop; patients; phfs; proximal; shoulder; surgery; surgical; treatment; view
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        item: #138 of 301
          id: saoj-344
      author: Verhoef, H; Marais, L C; Ryan, P V; Rollinson, P D
       title: The risk of early complications in patients with hand infections
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 4899
      flesch: 46
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 4 Keywords: HIV, diabetes mellitus, hand infection, complication, risk factor The risk of early complications in patients with hand infections Verhoef H1 , Marais LC2 , Ryan PV3 , Rollinson PD4 1 MBChB(UP); Orthopaedic Registrar, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nelson R Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa 2 MBChB, FC Orth SA, MMed(Orth), PhD; Head of Department, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa 3 MBChB(UCT), H Dip Orth(SA); FCS Orth(SA); MMed(SA); HOD Orthopaedic Surgery, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital; University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa 4 MBChB(Sheff), FRCS (Ed & Eng); Chief Orthopaedic Specialist, Ngwelezana Hospital Corresponding author: Dr Hein Verhoef, Unit 19 El Torero, 86 Lewis Drive, Amanzimtoti, Durban, 4126; tel: 082 929 544; email: The risk of early complications in patients with hand infections.
    keywords: cases; complications; development; factors; hand; hiv; human; infections; patients; risk; study
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        item: #139 of 301
          id: saoj-345
      author: du Plessis, J; Greeff, R; Singh, V; Fang, N; Frey, C T
       title: Short-term results following two-stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection
        date: 2020-05-29
       words: 4376
      flesch: 51
     summary: Akgün D, Müller M, Perka C, Winkler T. High cure rate of periprosthetic hip joint infection with multidisciplinary team approach using standardized two-stage exchange. Two-stage treatment of hip periprosthetic joint infection is associated with a high rate of infection control but high mortality.
    keywords: arthroplasty; hip; infection; joint; knee; orthop; patients; rate; reimplantation; revision; stage
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        item: #140 of 301
          id: saoj-347
      author: McCaul, J K; Horn, A; McCaul, M; Dix-Peek, S
       title: Correlation of Soft tissue Projection in Injured NEcks (CSPINE)
        date: 2020-05-29
       words: 5997
      flesch: 60
     summary: However, soft tissue measurement itself does not seem to be very sensitive in predicting injury. Patel MS, Grannum S, Tariq A, et al. Are soft tissue measurements on lateral cervical spine X-rays reliable in the assessment of traumatic injuries?
    keywords: age; injury; measurement; patients; rays; spine; tissue; vertebra
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        item: #141 of 301
          id: saoj-349
      author: Manjra, M A; Basson, T; Du Preez, G; Du Toit, J; Ferreira, N
       title: Current concepts in the management of open tibia fractures
        date: 2019-11-27
       words: 11704
      flesch: 55
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 5 Keywords: open fracture, tibia, debridement, antibiotics, external fixation, internal fixation Current concepts in the management of open tibia fractures Manjra MA¹ , Basson T² , Du Preez G³ , Du Toit J4 , Ferreira N5 1 MBBCh, FC Orth (SA), MMed(Orth); Tygerberg Arthroplasty Fellow* ² MBChB, FC Orth (SA); The superficial location of the tibia leaves it particularly susceptible to open fractures and potential loss of soft tissue and bone.4,5 Compared to closed injuries, open fractures have a significantly higher risk of infection, non-union, and wound healing complications, and often require multiple surgeries for definitive care.6 A multidisciplinary approach that includes orthopaedic, trauma and plastic surgeons is frequently required in the management of open fractures.
    keywords: antibiotic; bone; closure; debridement; et al; fixation; fractures; grade; iii; infection; injury; j bone; j orthop; joint; management; open; orthop; orthop trauma; patients; risk; study; surg; therapy; tibia; tibia fractures; tissue; trauma; treatment; wound
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        item: #142 of 301
          id: saoj-35
      author: Hohmann, E; Glatt, V; Tetsworth, K
       title: Orthopaedic research activity in South Africa measured by publication rates in the 15 highest impact journals related to population size and gross domestic product
        date: 2017-08-29
       words: 6673
      flesch: 51
     summary: Impact of GDP, spending on R&D, number of universities and scientific journals on research publications among Asian countries. South Africa ranked 50st for both the number of publications impact.
    keywords: africa; capita; countries; country; gdp; impact; journal; number; orthopaedic; population; publications; research; south; table; total; university
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        item: #143 of 301
          id: saoj-350
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: SAOA 2019 Abstracts
        date: 2019-09-19
       words: 34372
      flesch: 49
     summary: Patient reported outcome measure suggests favourable results in the majority of patients. Patients included were above the age of 18 years, patients that had surgical intervention combined with chemotherapy and those that only had chemotherapy.
    keywords: academic; africa; aim; approach; arthroplasty; author; average; background; cases; category; complications; conclusion; data; femur; following; fractures; hip; hip arthroplasty; hospital; injuries; joint; knee; knee arthroplasty; management; mean; methods; neck; orthopaedic; outcomes; paper; patients; post; pre; primary; rate; results; review; revision; risk; south; spine; study; surgeons; surgery; tha; time; total; treatment; use; years
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        item: #144 of 301
          id: saoj-351
      author: Venter, R G
       title: Antifragile orthopaedic surgeons: a reflection on the training experience
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 2250
      flesch: 67
     summary: As orthopaedic surgeons we are well aware of Wolff’s law3,4 that describes how function dictates the structure of bone, and Taleb had noticed that this principle – that some systems gain from disorder and stress – is found all around us, but no one has come up with a word for it. Young’s modulus, or the modulus of elasticity, is a way to describe how different materials respond to load, specifically, the relationship between stress over strain: E = ε σ Stress (σ) is equal to force applied to an amount of surface area but it does not describe how the material in question responds to the stress, just how much stress. Strain (ε), on the other hand, describes how an object is deformed when stress is applied.
    keywords: antifragile; brain; orthopaedic; sleep; stress; training
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        item: #145 of 301
          id: saoj-352
      author: Strydom, S; Hattingh, C; Ngcelwane, M; Ngcoya, N
       title: Epidemiology of paediatric and adolescent fractures admitted to a South African provincial hospital
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 3891
      flesch: 55
     summary: Hitosugi M, Kawato H, Gomei S, Mizuno K, Tokudome S. Severity of child pedestrian injuries due to bonnet-type-vehicle collision. Clinicians should always maintain a high index of suspicion for non-accidental injuries.
    keywords: admission; children; fractures; hospital; injuries; injury; patients; plaster; south; study; years
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        item: #146 of 301
          id: saoj-354
      author: Du Toit, Jacques
       title: Cerebral palsy care in South Africa: a paradigm shift
        date: 2019-10-11
       words: 2262
      flesch: 53
     summary: We need to seriously contemplate the question: How large is this cohort of patients? • identify the unique challenges which will be experienced by the adult population of CP patients in the South African developed/ developing country context • avail ourselves with the current structures which care for this group within South Africa • reinvent and implement a multidisciplinary team which can address the unique challenges of this cohort • utilise and implement the ICF • set up research avenues that will assess, address and audit our past, present and future initiatives with regard to adults with CP • become champions for the cause of this vulnerable group of patients. Currently, there is a paucity of literature regarding the prevalence of adult CP.
    keywords: adult; cerebral; neurol; palsy; patients; prevalence
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        item: #147 of 301
          id: saoj-355
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: Conferences, Courses and Symposia
        date: 2019-10-25
       words: 523
      flesch: 22
     summary: Annual Meeting 06 March 2018 - 10 March 2018 New Orleans, United States Kiel Arthroscopy Course 2018 09 March 2018 - 10 March 2018 Kiel, Germany Utrecht Spine Course: Complex Paediatric Spine 09 March 2018 - 10 March 2018 Utrecht, Netherlands Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society – ORS 2018 10 March 2018 - 13 March 2018 New Orleans, United States 12th International Congress of Sports Medicine Society of Greece / 12th Hellenic-Cypriot Conference 16 March 2018 - 18 March 2018 Thessaloniki, Greece 12th International Meeting of the Austrian Foot Society 22 March 2018 - 24 March 2018 Going am Wilden Kaiser, Austria European Pelvic Course 2018 Annual Meeting 08 February 2020 – 11 February 2020 Phoenix, United States Paris Shoulder Symposium 2020 13 February 2020 – 15 February 2020 Paris, France 34th German-Austrian-Swiss Congress for Sports Traumatology & Sports Medicine Orthopedic aspects in sports 14 February 2020 – 22 February 2020 Seefeld in Tyrol, Austria The Edinburgh Hand Course 2020 19 February 2020 Edinburgh, United Kingdom Sports orthopedics on the knee 20 February 2020 – 22 February 2020 Munich, Germany 13th
    keywords: february; january
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        item: #148 of 301
          id: saoj-356
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: CPD Questionnaire (V18N4)
        date: 2019-10-25
       words: 1583
      flesch: 57
     summary: Aetiology contribution to a decrease in grip strength is: a. SNAC A b. Anatomical outcomes do not necessarily equate to clinical outcomes B c. Anatomical outcomes equate to clinical outcomes C d.
    keywords: children; outcomes
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        item: #149 of 301
          id: saoj-357
      author: Panchoo, P; Wiegerinck, J I; Boskovic, V; Laubscher, M; Maqungo, S; McCollum, G; Dey, R
       title: Outcomes of primary fusion in high-energy Lisfranc injuries at a tertiary state hospital
        date: 2021-08-10
       words: 3668
      flesch: 54
     summary: The treatment of these high-energy injuries has evolved over time with authors now agreeing that an anatomic reduction through open surgery is of critical importance.1-8 Recently, more research on Lisfranc injuries has focused on relatively low-energy mechanisms and Lisfranc injuries in athletes.7 Anatomic reduction and rigid stabilisation are known to be the standard of care.1-8 Both open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and primary fusion have been evaluated as treatment options. Methods After local institution review board approval, patients who under- went primary fusion for Lisfranc injuries at Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH) between January 2013 and December 2018 were identified.
    keywords: angle; cases; energy; foot; fusion; injuries; joints; lisfranc; patients; reduction; tmt
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        item: #150 of 301
          id: saoj-358
      author: du Toit, J; Salkinder, R; Burger, M C; du Preez, G; Lamberts, R P
       title: Short-term outcomes of submuscular bridge plating of length-unstable paediatric femoral shaft fractures in children: Insights from a South African tertiary hospital setting
        date: 2020-08-26
       words: 4250
      flesch: 53
     summary: In adult patients the locked intramedullary nail is the treatment of choice for femoral shaft fractures, but reports of avascular necrosis of the femoral head in children when using the piriformis entry point, make this technique a poor choice for use in paediatric populations.7 Studies investigating the result of the lateral trochanteric entry nails for children older than 8 years of age are reporting promising results, with no reports of avascular necrosis or significant alteration in the neck shaft angle.3,6 The time required in this study compares well to other methods of fixation, with a mean surgical time of 56 minutes for external fixation and 74 minutes for flexible intramedullary nail fixation for femoral shaft fractures being reported by Bar-On et al.
    keywords: children; fixation; fractures; length; orthop; patients; plate; plating; shaft; south; study
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        item: #151 of 301
          id: saoj-362
      author: Moonda, Z; Nortje, M B; Dey, R
       title: Does the intra-operatively measured leg length correction compare to the post-operative radiograph in total hip replacement surgery?
        date: 2021-08-10
       words: 4672
      flesch: 55
     summary: Pre-operative leg length discrepancy (LLD) measurements were obtained in 92 patients. Their measurement error, as calculated by intra-operative measurement versus post-operative CT LLD measurement, was 1.9±1.4 mm.27 Modern advancements in arthroplasty include the use of computer-assisted navigation to enhance the accuracy of implant placement.
    keywords: arthroplasty; hip; intra; leg; length; llc; lld; measurement; patients; vms
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        item: #152 of 301
          id: saoj-363
      author: Blake, C; Van Staden, G F; Van der Merwe, J F; Matshidza, S
       title: Management of femur neck fractures in young adults under the age of 60 years
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 5028
      flesch: 57
     summary: Rahman AFA, Gouda A, Ibrahim R. Methods of fixation in management of femoral neck fractures in adults: a systematic review. Good functional outcome but not regained health related quality of life in the majority of 20–69 years old patients with femoral neck fracture treated with internal fixation: a prospective 2-year follow-up study of 182 patients.
    keywords: femur; fixation; fractures; neck; neck fractures; orthop; patients; reduction; screw
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        item: #153 of 301
          id: saoj-364
      author: Held, M; Workman, M I; Le Roux, J; Nortje, M; Dunn, R
       title: Surgery of state patients in private hospitals – a free lunch?
        date: 2020-03-16
       words: 1423
      flesch: 52
     summary: insight • Opportunity to increase social capital and transformation for private hospital • Decrease of time to surgery for patients and overall volume of state-based surgical waiting lists • Increasing spectrum and surgical volume for surgeons • Exposure to elective surgery is protected • Available state lists can be used for more complex cases • Decreased costs of theatre, consumables and staff by state hospital • Exposure of trainees to private hospitals and systems – + Figure 1. By processing straightforward cases of healthier patients on a project list, our state hospital lists were available for more complex Surgery of state patients in private hospitals – a free lunch?
    keywords: care; health; hospital; patients; state; surgery
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        item: #154 of 301
          id: saoj-367
      author: Coetzee, K P; Gibson, N W
       title: Freedman–Bernstein musculoskeletal competence testing of South African intern doctors: is there a difference between health science faculties?
        date: 2021-08-10
       words: 4957
      flesch: 53
     summary: This 25 mark short-answer question paper was developed in the United States of America to test how well medical school graduates understood basic musculoskeletal problems and has a pass mark of 73% or 70%, validated by the chairs of both orthopaedic and internal medicine residency programmes respectively.7 Multiple global studies have subsequently shown failure rates of 74–94% with this test.8-11 Dachs et al. showed that deficiencies in undergraduate musculoskeletal training were evident when 72 of the 79 interns (91%) from South African health science faculties failed the Freedman–Bernstein test.12 This deficiency was perceived to be due to insufficient training time allocation at undergraduate level, with Dachs et al. showing only 2% of training time (four to six weeks) dedicated to musculoskeletal medicine in South African health science faculties,13 a sentiment shared globally in multiple studies.7,14,15 South African universities differ with regard to curricular approach (systems approach/problem-based learning/mixed), programme length, entrance criteria, resources, setting (rural/urban) and teaching methods.16-18 Half of the topics chosen by South African doctors were orthopaedic essential practical skills such as wrist and ankle fracture reduction techniques, and management of open fractures.3 Globally, deficiencies in musculoskeletal training and knowledge have also been highlighted.
    keywords: africa; differences; faculties; faculty; health; health science; mean; orthop; point; science; south; study; test; training
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        item: #155 of 301
          id: saoj-369
      author: Ukunda, Fred U N
       title: Mycobacterium xenopi osteomyelitis of the spine: a case report
        date: 2021-05-22
       words: 2580
      flesch: 46
     summary: The lungs constitute the most common site for infection and particularly in HIV-reactive patients with CD4 counts below 100 cells/mm3.2,3 Extrapulmonary manifestations and disseminated forms of the disease are rare.4 The first case of M. xenopi infection in humans was published in 1965 and since then only a few cases of spontaneous spinal involvement have been reported.5-9 However, cases of nosocomial vertebral infections have been reported following discovertebral surgery due to contaminated surgical instruments by tap water at a mean time of 5.6 years for diagnosis.10 A positive culture for M. xenopi raises the concern as to whether it is a contaminant or true pathogen.11 The difficulties in isolating the organism and recommendations for improving culture techniques have been reported in the literature.12,13 Increasingly, rRNA nucleic acid probe testing for M. xenopi is performed to confirm the diagnosis.14 Mycobacterium xenopi infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
    keywords: case; infection; mycobacterium; spinal; spine; thoracic; xenopi
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        item: #156 of 301
          id: saoj-37
      author: Rodseth, R; Marais, LC
       title: Meta-analysis: Everything you wanted to know but were afraid to ask
        date: 2017-08-29
       words: 4527
      flesch: 55
     summary: In this example (Figure 1) both tests show that there is high heterogeneity (individual trial results are very different) with the chi2 test showing a probability of p<0.000001 that these result are due to chance only. In the aftermath the trainees, patients and even the consultants themselves remain unsure about which implant they should use and even more confused about how to make clinical decisions when faced with disparate trial results.
    keywords: analysis; meta; question; research; results; review; studies; study; trials
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        item: #157 of 301
          id: saoj-373
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: CPD Questionnaire (V19N01)
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 1374
      flesch: 63
     summary: In which region of the lower limb does the sciatic nerve most commonly bifurcate into the common fibular and tibial nerves? a. Gluteal A b. In this study, the most common cause of injury was: a. Physical abuse A b.
    keywords: following
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        item: #158 of 301
          id: saoj-376
      author: Ayik, Goud D D; Mukabeta, Takura D M; Nyandoro, George; Osborne, Charles; Kruger, Nicholas A
       title: Adherence to a standard operating procedure for patients with acute cervical spine dislocations: review of a tertiary, referral, academic hospital in South Africa
        date: 2021-05-22
       words: 4828
      flesch: 57
     summary: In the qualitative assessment of staff, results showed only orthopaedic doctors were aware of the new SOP for cervical dislocation injuries and had knowledge of the four-hour constitutional rule for performing early reduction of cervical dislocation injuries. The SOP requirement for cervical reduction was set to be within one hour after patients arriving at the primary emergency ward (ER).
    keywords: fracture; injuries; injury; new; orthopaedic; patients; reduction; sop; study; time; yes
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        item: #159 of 301
          id: saoj-377
      author: Meijer, J G; Gräbe, J C; Greyling, P
       title: The outcome of first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis using a locking plate
        date: 2021-08-10
       words: 4055
      flesch: 56
     summary: The data of all patients who underwent first MTPJ arthrodesis with a dorsal anatomical locking plate between January 2010 and December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were included if they were above 18 years and underwent first MTPJ arthrodesis with a dorsal locking plate without additional compression cross screw fixation.
    keywords: arthrodesis; dorsal; foot; joint; mtpj; plate; screw; study; surgery; union
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        item: #160 of 301
          id: saoj-378
      author: Marais, L C
       title: Physician wellness in South Africa: ‘Where are we going? And if we get there, will there be a place to park?’
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 1421
      flesch: 58
     summary: Shanafelt TD, Boone S, Tan L, et al. Burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance among US physicians relative to the general US population. Shanafelt TD, Sinsky C, Dyrbye LN, et al. Burnout among physicians compared with individuals with a professional degree in a field outside of medicine.
    keywords: burnout; physician; shanafelt; work
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        item: #161 of 301
          id: saoj-379
      author: Burger, M C
       title: Caught between a ghost and a gift: Navigating authorship issues
        date: 2020-08-26
       words: 1394
      flesch: 42
     summary: At the same time authorship conflicts are also on the increase and have become one of the main areas within academia requiring mediation or arbitration.3 Two of the main culprits in authorship misconduct include ghost and guest/gift authorship.4 The prevalence of ghost authorships has been reported to range between 2 and 75%, with the higher prevalence predominantly being in industry-initiated clinical trial protocols, with statisticians in particular being omitted from the author list.1,5 Gift, guest or honorary authorship is the exact opposite, where individuals are added to publications regardless of their not meeting authorship criteria.
    keywords: authorship; gift; journal; research; south
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        item: #162 of 301
          id: saoj-380
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: Congresses, courses and symposia
        date: 2020-03-16
       words: 645
      flesch: 38
     summary: Annual Meeting 06 March 2018 - 10 March 2018 New Orleans, United States Kiel Arthroscopy Course 2018 09 March 2018 - 10 March 2018 Kiel, Germany Utrecht Spine Course: Complex Paediatric Spine 09 March 2018 - 10 March 2018 Utrecht, Netherlands Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society – ORS 2018 10 March 2018 - 13 March 2018 New Orleans, United States 12th International Congress of Sports Medicine Society of Greece / 12th Hellenic-Cypriot Conference 16 March 2018 - 18 March 2018 Thessaloniki, Greece 12th International Meeting of the Austrian Foot Society 22 March 2018 - 24 March 2018 Going am Wilden Kaiser, Austria European Pelvic Course 2018 Refresher Course 23-25 February 2018 Pretoria 18th Congress SA Spine Society 24-26 May 2018 Elangeni Hotel, Durban 64th Congress of the South African Orthopaedic Association 3-6 September 2018 CSIR, Pretoria JANUARY 2018
    keywords: april; june; march
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        item: #163 of 301
          id: saoj-383
      author: Vajapey, Sravya; Horn, Anria
       title: Tuberculosis of the extra-axial skeleton in paediatric patients
        date: 2021-03-27
       words: 4355
      flesch: 53
     summary: A recent study looking at factors influencing adherence to TB treatment by Gebreweld et al. showed that short distances to health facilities, good communication with and health education of families, and strengthening of social structures can enable better adherence to TB treatment.24 These factors should be considered by physicians lacking the facilities or resources to admit patients to the inpatient ward for the duration of TB treatment, to improve compliance. Radiographs at presentation are non-specific in more than 50% of patients.
    keywords: joint; msk; patients; presentation; study; treatment; tuberculosis; type
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        item: #164 of 301
          id: saoj-387
      author: Maré, P H; Thompson, D M
       title: Infantile Blount’s disease
        date: 2020-08-26
       words: 8307
      flesch: 54
     summary: Concomitant femoral deformity correction Significant distal femoral frontal plane malalignment will result in joint line obliquity if the mechanical axis is restored through proximal tibial deformity correction alone. Langenskiöld originally suggested 9 years when medial growth arrest and articular de- pression is confirmed.9 Currently, medial elevation is indicated for children older than 6 years with IBD, Langenskiöld stage 5 or 6 and significant medial articular depression.10,74 Controversy hinges on concern for loss of growth potential if the procedure is performed before medial proximal tibial growth arrest is confirmed.
    keywords: age; blount; children; correction; deformity; disease; et al; growth; ibd; infantile; j pediatr; langenskiöld; orthop; orthop j; osteotomy; pediatr orthop; recurrence; tibial; vara
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        item: #165 of 301
          id: saoj-388
      author: Van der Watt, Nicolaas P; Koch, Odette; Le Roux, Theo L B; Meijer, Jannes G; McLoughlin, Heather
       title: The prevalence of vascular injury utilising the lateral parapatellar approach for malignant distal femoral tumour resections: a case series
        date: 2021-08-31
       words: 3478
      flesch: 49
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 4 Keywords: malignant distal femoral tumours, lateral parapatellar approach, vascular complications, tumour resection, endoprosthesis The prevalence of vascular injury utilising the lateral parapatellar approach for malignant distal femoral tumour resections: a case series Nicolaas P van der Watt,¹* Odette Koch,² Theo LB le Roux,² Jannes G Meijer,³ Heather McLoughlin⁴ ¹ Department of Orthopaedics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa ² Department of Orthopaedics, 1 Military Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa ³ Department of Orthopaedics, Kalafong Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa ⁴ Clinical Psychologist, Pretoria East Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa *Corresponding author: nvanderwatt@gmail.com Introduction Malignant bone tumours of the distal femur often abut and at times even encase surrounding neurovascular structures. All patients who underwent malignant distal femoral tumour resections through a lateral parapatellar approach between 2001 and 2019 were included in the study.
    keywords: approach; bone; femur; osteosarcoma; patients; resection; series; study; tumour; vascular
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        item: #166 of 301
          id: saoj-39
      author: Agaba, F; Pettifor, JM; Thandrayen, K
       title: Comparative study of children with calciopaenic and phosphopaenic rickets seen at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital
        date: 2017-08-29
       words: 4477
      flesch: 46
     summary: The study comprises 112 patients from 2 months to 18 years of age diagnosed with rickets (53% with calciopaenic rickets and 47% with phosphopaenic rickets). Conclusion: Calciopaenic rickets (mainly vitamin D deficiency) presented at a younger age and response to therapy was better compared to phosphopaenic rickets (mainly X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets).
    keywords: children; clinical; group; median; patients; phosphopaenic; rickets; study; vitamin
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        item: #167 of 301
          id: saoj-390
      author: Wadee, Reubina; Linda, Zwelithini; Ismail, Abdullah
       title: Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour, ‘non-phosphaturic’ variant: a case report and review of the literature
        date: 2021-08-31
       words: 3306
      flesch: 44
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 5 Keywords: phosphaturic mesenchymal tumours, non-phosphaturic variant Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour, ‘non-phosphaturic’ variant: a case report and review of the literature Reubina Wadee,¹* Zwelithini Linda,² Abdullah Ismail¹ ¹ Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand/National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa ² Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa *Corresponding author: reubinawadee@gmail.com Introduction Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumours (PMTs) are rare neoplasms that are usually associated with renal phosphate loss and tumour- induced osteomalacia (TIO).1 Clinically, patients may have symp- toms of hypophosphataemia and on thorough examination, small soft tissue or intraosseous masses in the extremities or the jaw may be identified.2,3 TIO occurs secondary to excessive production of tumour-associated fibroblast growth factor-23 Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour.
    keywords: case; diagnosis; fgf23; figure; mesenchymal; phosphaturic; tissue; tumour; variant
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        item: #168 of 301
          id: saoj-391
      author: Ferreira, N; Jordaan, K; Du Preez, G; Burger, M
       title: Fixation of femoral neck fractures in patients younger than 65 years: a retrospective descriptive study at a high-volume trauma centre
        date: 2021-08-10
       words: 4106
      flesch: 55
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 4 Keywords: femoral neck fracture, fixation, failure, non-union, avascular necrosis Fixation of femoral neck fractures in patients younger than 65 years: a retrospective descriptive study at a high-volume trauma centre Ferreira N,¹ Jordaan K,² Du Preez G,³ Burger M4 1 BSc, MBChB, FC Orth(SA), MMed(Orth), PhD; Associate professor, consultant orthopaedic surgeon and head of Tumour, Sepsis and Reconstruction Unit; Department of Surgical Sciences, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa ² MBChB, HDip Orth(SA), FC Orth(SA); Slobogean GP, Sprague SA, Scott T, McKee M, Bhandari M. Management of young femoral neck fractures: Is there a consensus?
    keywords: arthroplasty; cases; failure; fixation; fractures; hip; injury; neck; orthop; patients; years
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        item: #169 of 301
          id: saoj-396
      author: Phillias, S C; Ngcelwane, M V; Marais, L C
       title: Tumour volume as a predictor of metastases in patients presenting with high-grade conventional osteosarcoma of the extremities
        date: 2020-11-17
       words: 4815
      flesch: 55
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 4 Keywords: osteosarcoma, metastases, tumour volume, prognosis, staging Tumour volume as a predictor of metastases in patients presenting with high-grade conventional osteosarcoma of the extremities Phillias SC¹ , Ngcelwane MV² , Marais LC3 1 MBChB(Medunsa); Registrar, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa ² MBChB(UKZN), MSc(Orth)London, FCS(SA)(Orth); Head of Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa ³ MBChB, FC Orth(SA), MMed(Ortho), PhD; Head of Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa Corresponding author: Dr SC Phillias, PO Box 191, Siyathuthuka, 1102, South Africa; tel: 079 256 1701; email: scphillias@outlook.com https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-5721 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7564-3308 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-8419 Page 224 Phillias SC et al. Tumour volume as a predictor of metastases in patients presenting with high-grade conventional osteosarcoma of the extremities.
    keywords: cm3; diagnosis; metastases; osteosarcoma; patients; presence; presentation; study; time; tumour; tumour volume; volume
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        item: #170 of 301
          id: saoj-40
      author: Snyders, RF; Jordaan, JD; Rasool, MN; Goga, IE
       title: Vitamin D status in patients undergoing arthroplasty
        date: 2017-08-29
       words: 2761
      flesch: 53
     summary: Post-operatively, this group was less likely to attain excellent Harris hip scores.4 Jansen and Haddad found similar results in total knee arthroplasty with significantly lower Knee Society Scores pre- and post-operatively in vitamin D deficient patients.3 Further negative effects of vitamin D deficiency include poor bone mineralisation and detrimental effects on fracture healing.7 Maier et al. have shown a statistically significant association with low vitamin D status and peri- prosthetic joint infection in hip, knee and shoulder arthro- plasty.14 It must be highlighted that in this study there was no data collected to determine whether deleterious outcomes were associated with the 10% found to have deficient vitamin D status. The purpose of this retrospective chart review was to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the population presenting to Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital for arthroplasty surgical procedures from August 2012 to August 2013.
    keywords: arthroplasty; deficiency; group; patients; prevalence; study; total; vitamin
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        item: #171 of 301
          id: saoj-400
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: CPD Questionnaire (V19N02)
        date: 2021-08-11
       words: 1989
      flesch: 58
     summary: Intra-articular B c. Oral C d. Topical D e. Inconclusive E 8. a. Type C host A b.
    keywords: following; spine; tissue
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        item: #172 of 301
          id: saoj-402
      author: Hirschmann, A; Pillay, T; Fang, K W; Ramokgopa, M T; Frey, C
       title: DEFCON 5: The Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital orthopaedic department’s COVID-19 proactive action plan
        date: 2021-08-10
       words: 5085
      flesch: 47
     summary: The concept of splitting the workstreams was to both protect the high-risk staffing contingent from exposure to COVID-19 positive patients as well as to maintain service delivery to all orthopaedic emergency patients. As the number of COVID-19 positive patients increased, the plan to differentiate medical and surgical designated wards would be implemented.
    keywords: chbah; covid-19; daily; department; level; opd; orthopaedic; patients; risk; sop; staff; surgery
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        item: #173 of 301
          id: saoj-404
      author: de Buys, Michael; Tsama, Mluleki; Aden, Abdirashid
       title: Patient satisfaction following wide awake local anaesthetic no tourniquet hand surgery
        date: 2022-03-16
       words: 4674
      flesch: 51
     summary: The literature states that WALANT hand surgery can be likened to a dental procedure, and this can be used as a method to inform patients on what to expect. This is in keeping with Rawal et al. who showed that 37% of hand patients suffered from moderate to severe pain following their procedure.16 This finding that the postoperative pain is more than the local anaesthetic injection contradicts the statement made by Lee and is an important finding.6 The postoperative pain, however, cannot be entirely attributed to the WALANT technique but rather it is related to the surgery itself.
    keywords: anaesthetic; hand; pain; patients; procedure; release; study; surgery; walant
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        item: #174 of 301
          id: saoj-408
      author: Sekeitto, Allan R; van der Jagt, Kaeriann; Sikhauli, Nkhodiseni; Mokete, Lipalo; van der Jagt, Dick R
       title: Intraprosthetic dislocation after a revision hip replacement: a case report
        date: 2021-03-27
       words: 3090
      flesch: 52
     summary: et al. Outcomes of total hip arthroplasty using dual mobility components in patients with a femoral neck fracture. Level of evidence: Level 4 Keywords: intraprosthetic dislocation, dual mobility cup, revision hip arthroplasty Intraprosthetic dislocation after a revision hip replacement: a case report Allan R Sekeitto* , Kaeriann van der Jagt , Nkhodiseni Sikhauli , Lipalo Mokete , Dick R van der Jagt Arthroplasty Unit, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa *Corresponding author: sekeitto@yahoo.com
    keywords: arthroplasty; dislocation; dmc; head; hip; ipd; mobility; polyethylene; reduction; revision
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        item: #175 of 301
          id: saoj-409
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: Conferences, Courses and Symposia
        date: 2020-05-29
       words: 646
      flesch: 16
     summary: Annual Meeting 09 July 2020 – 12 July 2020 Seattle, United States AUGUST 2020 2020 Annual Meeting of the Nordic Spinal Deformities Society 27 August 2020 – 29 August 2020 Santpoort, Netherlands 66th South African Orthopaedic Association Congress 2020 31 August 2020 – 04 September 2020 Johannesburg, South Africa SEPTEMBER 2020 American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Annual Meeting 2020 09 September 2020 – 12 September 2020 San Antonio, United States BOA Annual Congress Birmingham 2020 15 September 2020 – 18 September 2020 Birmingham, United Kingdom 37th AGA Congress Davos 2020 17 September 2020 – 19 September 2020 Davos, Switzerland National Congress of the Italian Knee Society, Arthroscopy, Sport, Cartilage, Orthopedic Technologies (SIGASCOT) Annual Meeting 06 March 2018 - 10 March 2018 New Orleans, United States Kiel Arthroscopy Course 2018 09 March 2018 - 10 March 2018 Kiel, Germany Utrecht Spine Course: Complex Paediatric Spine 09 March 2018 - 10 March 2018 Utrecht, Netherlands Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society – ORS 2018 10 March 2018 - 13 March 2018 New Orleans, United States 12th International Congress of Sports Medicine Society of Greece / 12th Hellenic-Cypriot Conference 16 March 2018 - 18 March 2018 Thessaloniki, Greece 12th International Meeting of the Austrian Foot Society 22 March 2018 - 24 March 2018 Going am Wilden Kaiser, Austria European Pelvic Course 2018
    keywords: march; orthopaedic; september
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        item: #176 of 301
          id: saoj-41
      author: van Zyl, R; van Schoor, AN; Du Toit, PJ; Louw, EM
       title: Clinical anatomy of the anterior cruciate ligament and pre-operative prediction of ligament length
        date: 2017-08-29
       words: 2778
      flesch: 59
     summary: + 11.18 (1) where ACL=anterior cruciate ligament; FECW=femoral epicondylar width Discussion The mismatch of grafts can be minimised by more accurate prediction of ACL intra-articular length and the required graft length for ACL reconstruction. Apart from examining the morphological properties of the ACL, this study aimed to determine whether the epicondylar width of an individual can be used to predict ACL length and thereby assist in restoring the normal anatomy of the ACL.
    keywords: acl; acl length; anatomy; correlation; fecw; graft; length; ligament; reconstruction
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        item: #177 of 301
          id: saoj-410
      author: Naude, Jaco J; Koch, Odette; Schmidt, Ludwig W; Le Roux, Theo LB
       title: Positive patient experience of wide awake local anaesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) hand surgery in the government setting: a prospective descriptive study
        date: 2021-08-31
       words: 4985
      flesch: 57
     summary: A cost, profit and efficiency analysis of performing carpal tunnel surgery in the operating room versus the clinic setting in the United States. A detailed cost and efficiency analysis of performing carpal tunnel surgery in the main operating room versus the ambulatory setting in Canada.
    keywords: carpal; finger; hand; injection; pain; patients; procedure; release; study; surgery; tunnel; vas; walant
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        item: #178 of 301
          id: saoj-411
      author: Vogel, Jonathan; De Villiers, Shaun; Mugla, Walid; McCaul, Jeannie; Hosking, Keith; Hilton, Thomas
       title: Radiation-induced pathological fractures of the proximal femur: a case series considering an endoprosthetic solution
        date: 2021-03-27
       words: 3088
      flesch: 50
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 4 Keywords: radiation-induced fracture, pathological fracture, endoprosthetic replacement Radiation-induced pathological fractures of the proximal femur: a case series considering an endoprosthetic solution Jonathan Vogel1* , Shaun de Villiers2 , Walid Mugla3 , Jeannie McCaul4 , Keith Hosking5 , Thomas Hilton6 ¹ Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa ² Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, and Frere Hospital, East London, and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa ³ Cape Sarcoma Unit, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa ⁴ Groote Schuur Hospital and Victoria Hospital, Cape Town; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa ⁵ Vincent Pallotti Life Orthopaedic Hospital, Cape Town; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa ⁶ Groote Schuur Hospital and Vincent Pallotti Life Orthopaedic Hospital, Cape Town; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa *Corresponding author: jonnovogel@gmail.com http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8309/2021/v20n1a5 http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8309/2021/v20n1a5 http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8309/2021/v20n1a5 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1156-6168 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0023-5152 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2961-7296 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1011-5912 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3557-0252 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-5062 Page 40 Vogel J et al. Many cases of radiotherapy-induced pathological fracture are mislabelled as pathological fractures due to metastases.3
    keywords: cape; epr; femur; fracture; patients; radiation; town; treatment
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        item: #179 of 301
          id: saoj-415
      author: Shah, Manish R; Shah, Manisha M; Agrawal, Aditya K; Shah, Malkesh D; Desai, Sarvang M
       title: Intra-operative extracorporeal radiation therapy for skeletally immature patients with malignant bone tumours
        date: 2021-03-27
       words: 4581
      flesch: 55
     summary: Extracorporeally irradiated autografts for the treatment of bone tumours: tips and tricks. Abstract Background Management of malignant bone tumours has changed dramatically in recent years.
    keywords: bone; ecrt; figure; follow; patients; radiation; study; tumour; years
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        item: #180 of 301
          id: saoj-42
      author: Duma, MTN; Marais, LC
       title: Early complications of human bites to the hand in HIV-positive patients
        date: 2017-08-29
       words: 3044
      flesch: 56
     summary: Conclusion Patients with human bite injuries to the hand are at a high risk of developing complications. Management of human bite injuries of the hand.
    keywords: bite; complications; hand; hiv; human; injury; patients; time
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        item: #181 of 301
          id: saoj-420
      author: O'Connor, M; Nieuwoudt, L; Marais, L C
       title: Orthopaedics and COVID-19: The surgery, the surgeon and the susceptible – a scoping review
        date: 2020-08-26
       words: 7653
      flesch: 48
     summary: The aims of this scoping review were firstly to inform peri-operative decision-making for COVID-positive patients as well as the routine orthopaedic milieu during the pandemic; secondly to assess the outcomes of orthopaedic patients managed in endemic areas; and finally to determine the effect the pandemic has had on our orthopaedic peers. To assess the current evidence on orthopaedic patients and their outcomes.
    keywords: 2020; articles; covid-19; disease; evidence; fractures; infection; journal; mortality; orthopaedic; pandemic; patients; rate; review; study; surgeons; surgery
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        item: #182 of 301
          id: saoj-421
      author: Ngwazi, Muzi; Ryan, Paul; Goga, Ismael; Marais, Leonard C
       title: The association between HIV infection and periprosthetic joint infection following total hip replacement in young adults
        date: 2021-05-22
       words: 4884
      flesch: 55
     summary: Total hip replacement in HIV positive patients. Infected joint replacements in HIV positive patients with haemophilia.
    keywords: arthroplasty; cases; hip; hiv; infection; joint; patients; risk; study; tha; total
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        item: #183 of 301
          id: saoj-422
      author: Ben Salem, Khaled A; Maré, Pieter H; Goodier, Matthew; Marais, Leonard C; Thompson, David M
       title: Polio-like deformity: a diagnostic dilemma
        date: 2021-05-22
       words: 3746
      flesch: 54
     summary: Paralytic deformity in the lower limb. These deformities often manifest years after the initial paralysis and are recognised as the typical manifestations of paralytic polio.10 Our study describes a cohort of patients with the typical clinical features of paralytic polio.
    keywords: children; deformities; deformity; figure; gait; limb; mri; paralysis; paralytic; patients; polio; poliomyelitis
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        item: #184 of 301
          id: saoj-424
      author: de Jager, Louis J; Maré, Pieter H; Thompson, David M; Marais, Leonard C
       title: Short-term comparison of the use of static and expandable intramedullary rods in the lower limbs of children with osteogenesis imperfecta
        date: 2021-03-27
       words: 4511
      flesch: 57
     summary: Other variables that were associated with a decreased need for reoperation included larger implant diameter (p=0.007) and the type of rod (RR 58% vs FD rod 0%, p<0.001). Transcortical migration due to proximal femur deformity, normally described in RRs with progressive deformity, occurred with one FD rod after initial central placement subsequent to proximal femur stress fracture.2 Intra-articular penetration of the obturator segment of FD rods has previously been reported.8,11
    keywords: complication; deformity; orthop; rate; reoperation; rod; rods; type
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        item: #185 of 301
          id: saoj-426
      author: Venter, Rudolph G; Tanwar, Yashwant S; Grey, Jan-Petrus; Ferreira, Nando
       title: The management of chronic osteomyelitis in adults: outcomes of an integrated approach
        date: 2021-03-27
       words: 4959
      flesch: 46
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 4 Keywords: chronic osteomyelitis, dead space management, bioactive glass, Lautenbach technique The management of chronic osteomyelitis in adults: outcomes of an integrated approach Rudolph G Venter , Yashwant S Tanwar , Jan-Petrus Grey , Nando Ferreira* Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa *Corresponding author: nferreira@sun.ac.za Introduction Chronic osteomyelitis is notoriously difficult to eradicate, and high failure rates have been reported in the literature.1,2 The fact that certain bacteria form biofilm with metabolically inactive colonies and can become dormant intracellularly in osteocytes, contributes to the difficulty in achieving cure in these cases.3-8 Although no evidence-based treatment guidelines exist for the management of chronic osteomyelitis, the ideal treatment strategy can be outlined as: resection of all necrotic tissue, dead space management, followed by soft tissue and bony reconstruction as required.3,9-12 Concurrent antibiotic therapy is initiated as an adjunct to surgical management.12 The most widely used classification system is that of Cierny and Mader, incorporating both the local extent of the disease, and the physiological status of the patient to guide management.3 However, a limiting factor is that host stratification is a subjective judgment made by the treating surgeon as to what the patient’s response to treatment will be.13 Judicious resection of necrotic tissue increases the chance of resolution of infection, but depending the anatomical type of chronic osteomyelitis, this surgical approach can potentially result in large defects or dead space.3,10 Several strategies have been employed to manage this dead space including gentamycin beads, physician- directed custom cement spacers, irrigation systems, antibiotic- loaded calcium sulphate pellets and, more recently, bioactive glass and gentamycin-impregnated collagen sponges.12,14 There is no treatment regimen that suits all patients, but current literature supports single-stage treatment strategies that incor- porate a form of active dead space management.15
    keywords: bone; cases; chronic; debridement; follow; infection; management; months; osteomyelitis; patients; space; tissue; treatment; type
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        item: #186 of 301
          id: saoj-429
      author: McAllister, J; Smit, R
       title: Why is there an orthopod in my ICU? An orthopaedic perspective during the COVID-19 pandemic
        date: 2020-08-26
       words: 992
      flesch: 65
     summary: During lockdown, the intensivists provided tutorials on basic ICU management, all well attended by GPs and specialists from all disciplines. The whole ICU and high care (16 beds) are now utilised for COVID-19 positive patients and theatre recovery has been repurposed as a COVID-19 negative (green) ICU and high care.
    keywords: covid-19; icu; south
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        item: #187 of 301
          id: saoj-431
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: CPD Questionnaire (V19N03)
        date: 2020-08-26
       words: 1773
      flesch: 58
     summary: The main type of wear in hip arthroplasty is: a. Adhesive A b. Indications for hip revision include all of the following except: a. Aseptic loosening A b.
    keywords: aspect; mask; patients
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        item: #188 of 301
          id: saoj-432
      author: de Wet, Japie J; Dey, Roopam; Vrettos, Basil; du Plessis, Jean-Pierre; Anley, Cameron; Rachuene, Pududu A; Haworth, Leanne C; Yimam, Habtamu M; Sivarasu, Sudesh; Roche, Stephen JL
       title: Do anatomical contoured plates address scapula body, neck and glenoid fractures? A multi-observer consensus study
        date: 2021-11-18
       words: 4917
      flesch: 48
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 3 Keywords: scapula fracture, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), South Africa, scapula plate analysis, 3D printing, fracture classification Do anatomical contoured plates address scapula body, neck and glenoid fractures? SA Orthop J 2021;20(4) and intra-articular fractures types still pose a clinical dilemma due to a lack of comparative literature and well-defined surgical indications.2,3,5 Displaced and malunited intra-articular fractures lead to glenohumeral joint incongruency and increased degeneration, resulting in early onset (accelerated) arthrosis of the glenohumeral joint.1-3,6,7 Shoulder deformity with chronic pain, and stiffness, are frequently encountered in malunited scapula fractures.8,9 Rotator cuff weakness and dysfunction with impingement have also been described.3,4,9 The surgical management of scapula fractures can be difficult and challenging.
    keywords: body; border; classification; fixation; fractures; glenoid; id3; id3 id3; plate; scapula; study; system
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        item: #189 of 301
          id: saoj-433
      author: De Stadler, Janet L; Kruger, Neil; Singh, Shivani; Banderker, Ebrahim; Dix-Peek, Stewart; Pillay, Komala
       title: Malignant transformation in an 11-year-old child with multiple hereditary exostosis
        date: 2021-08-31
       words: 3182
      flesch: 43
     summary: Malignant transformation is an uncommon complication of osteochondromas and is especially rare in the paediatric population. Making a diagnosis of malignant transformation is recognised as a challenge globally.
    keywords: bone; cap; cartilage; mhe; osteochondromas; right; transformation
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        item: #190 of 301
          id: saoj-434
      author: Gerafa, Muaad; Jackoet, Shafique; Van Heukelum, Markus; Le Roux, Nicholas; Van Der Merwe, Simone; Makhubalo, Obakeng; Du preez, Gian; Burger, Marilize; Ferriera, Nando
       title: Treatment outcomes of civilian gunshot tibia fractures at a major trauma centre
        date: 2021-05-22
       words: 4461
      flesch: 50
     summary: Results The records of 197 patients who sustained gunshot tibia fractures were reviewed. Information related to patient demographics, injury characteristics, treatment information and treatment outcomes with respect to rate of fracture union and occurrence of infection were obtained from patient records.
    keywords: data; fixation; fractures; gunshot; infection; injuries; patients; study; tibia; treatment; union
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        item: #191 of 301
          id: saoj-435
      author: Maré, Pieter H; Thompson, David M; Marais, Leonard C
       title: Growth modulation may decrease recurrence when used as an adjunct to osteotomy in infantile Blount’s disease
        date: 2021-05-22
       words: 4358
      flesch: 58
     summary: The cause of disordered growth is likely to be multifactorial.3 Once the diagnosis is confirmed, surgery is indicated.4 The risk of recurrence following proximal tibial osteotomy is high and has been reported to be between 41% and 72%.5-8 It is crucial to attempt to prevent recurrence because repeat osteotomy has been linked to worse outcomes at skeletal maturity.6,9 Several authors have identified risk factors that predict re- currence. SA Orthop J 2021;20(2) disease have been encouraging, the use of a tension band plates as an adjunct to proximal tibial osteotomy as a strategy to decrease the risk of recurrence has not been investigated.22-25
    keywords: band; children; group; orthop; osteotomy; recurrence; risk; tibial
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        item: #192 of 301
          id: saoj-436
      author: Phonela, S M H; Goller, R; Karsas, M
       title: Osteogenesis imperfecta: an overview
        date: 2020-11-17
       words: 5053
      flesch: 41
     summary: 1,2 Milder forms generally present in later stages of life, often with long bone fractures after minor trauma while the more severe forms can present with marked skeletal dysplasias, delayed milestones and even perinatal or early childhood death.1,2 Type 1 collagen, a major extracellular protein constituent of bone, dentin, sclera, skin, vessels and heart valves, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of OI. Epidemiology The subtypes of OI diverge in both their incidence and prevalence rates, with OI types I and IV comprising more than half of all total cases worldwide.5
    keywords: bone; children; clinical; diagnosis; features; fractures; imperfecta; management; orthop; osteogenesis; rod; type; use
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        item: #193 of 301
          id: saoj-438
      author: Khan, Suhayl Ahmed; Wadee, Naweed; Burger, Marilize; Ferreira, Nando; Jordaan, Jacobus
       title: Prevalence of pathological neck of femur fractures in patients undergoing arthroplasty at a tertiary referral hospital
        date: 2021-03-27
       words: 3828
      flesch: 46
     summary: All femoral heads were sent for histological analysis regardless of suspicion of pathological fracture. No unexpected malignant histological results were observed, while nine of the suspected pathological fracture group had pathological fractures, confirmed with histology.
    keywords: arthroplasty; fractures; heads; hip; malignancy; neck; patients; primary; study
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        item: #194 of 301
          id: saoj-439
      author: Saini, Aaron K; Ferreira, Nando
       title: The surgical management of metastatic lesions of the femur
        date: 2021-08-31
       words: 4146
      flesch: 50
     summary: Patients presenting with lesions without fracture were assessed clinically and radiologically, including a calculation of the Mirels’ score, and proceeded to surgical intervention if both patient and surgeon were in agreement. Patients presenting with fractures of the femoral neck were managed with cemented long-stem ExeterTM V40TM (Stryker, Michigan, USA) bipolar hemiarthroplasty (Figure 1) or total hip replacement (THR) if significant acetabular disease was identified.
    keywords: arthroplasty; bone; femur; fracture; intramedullary; nailing; orthop; patients; post; study
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        item: #195 of 301
          id: saoj-441
      author: Strydom, Sven; Snyckers, Christian H
       title: Minimally invasive subcutaneous anterior fixation of pelvic fractures in the elderly: case report and literature review
        date: 2021-11-18
       words: 5408
      flesch: 43
     summary: Minimally invasive subcutaneous anterior fixation of pelvic fractures in the elderly: case report and literature review. Level of evidence: Level 5 Keywords: pelvic fracture, anterior pelvic fixation, elderly, minimally invasive Minimally invasive subcutaneous anterior fixation of pelvic fractures in the elderly: case report and literature review Sven Strydom,¹* Christian H Snyckers² ¹ Department of Orthopaedics, University of Pretoria, Kalafong Tertiary Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa ² Private practice, Eugene Marais Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa *Corresponding author: svenstrydom@gmail.com Introduction As our population ages, the incidence of traumatic and insufficiency pelvic fractures among the elderly is rising.1
    keywords: bridge; et al; fixation; fractures; fragility; infix; orthop; patients; pelvic; pubic; ring
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        item: #196 of 301
          id: saoj-442
      author: le Roux, Johan; von Bormann, Richard; Braun, Sepp; Imhoff, Andreas B; Held, Michael
       title: Mega-OATS of the knee without specialised instrumentation: a low-cost option for large cartilage defects in a resource-restrained environment
        date: 2022-05-19
       words: 3110
      flesch: 54
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 5 Keywords: Mega-OATS, osteochondral lesion knee, osteochondral autograft, resource restraint Mega-OATS of the knee without specialised instrumentation: a low-cost option for large cartilage defects in a resource-restrained environment Johan le Roux,¹ Richard von Bormann,² Sepp Braun,³ Andreas B Imhoff,⁴ Michael Held¹* ¹ Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa ² Netcare Christiaan Barnard Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa ³ Gelenkpunkt UMIT, Research Unit for Orthopedic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention, Innsbruck, Austria ⁴ Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany *Corresponding author: email.held@gmail.com Introduction Osteochondral lesions present a challenge in young patients when arthroplasty is not considered a reasonable treatment option.1 Due to resource limitations, fresh allograft or a large osteochondral autograft transplantation system (Mega-OATS) workbench was unavailable.
    keywords: condyle; figure; graft; knee; mega; oats; osteochondral; patient; technique
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        item: #197 of 301
          id: saoj-443
      author: Webster, Phillip
       title: SAOA 2020 Congress postponed to November
        date: 2021-08-10
       words: 343
      flesch: 61
     summary: We are also including a session on new concepts or research that have not necessarily been scientifically validated, the aim of which is to stimulate debate. We have been forced into a new digital age of virtual meetings, webinars and even virtual consultations.
    keywords: congress
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        item: #198 of 301
          id: saoj-445
      author: Mayet, Ziyaad; Ferrao, Paulo N F; Saragas, Nikiforos P; Patterson, Richard; Magobotha, Sebastian K M; Alexander, Alwich; Eshragi, Hooman; Ettehadi, Hossein; Khademi, Mohammed A; Mehtar, Mohammed; Tladi, Makgabo J; Strydom, Andrew; Workman, Matthew
       title: Chronic lateral ankle instability: a current concepts review
        date: 2021-05-22
       words: 7094
      flesch: 52
     summary: Camacho LD, Roward ZT, Deng Y, Daniel Latt L. Surgical management of lateral ankle instability in athletes. (Ankle instability arthroscopy Brostrom, Ankle sprain lateral ligament repair.)
    keywords: acute; ankle; ankle instability; anterior; arthroscopic; chronic; clai; foot; foot ankle; injuries; instability; lateral; ligament; management; patients; reconstruction; repair; surgery
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        item: #199 of 301
          id: saoj-446
      author: Pretorius, Henry S; Ferreira, Nando; Burger, Marilize C
       title: A computer tomography-based anthropomorphic study of forearm osteology: implications for prosthetic design
        date: 2021-08-31
       words: 3411
      flesch: 60
     summary: Although the sample size of 97 scans is limited, this sample is significantly larger than previously reported studies which included a cadaver study (n=12)13 and a similar CT study (n=22)2 with the Table I: Measurement results for radius and ulna Variable Mean±SD (95% CI) n=97 Radius length mm (centre of head to centre of distal radius) Intraosseous vascularity of the distal radius: Anatomy and clinical implications in distal radius fractures.
    keywords: canal; diameter; head; length; radius; study; ulna
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        item: #200 of 301
          id: saoj-447
      author: Abramson, Michael J; Maqungo, Sithombo; Dey, Roopam; Laubscher, Maritz
       title: Incidence of radius shortening following intramedullary nail fixation for gunshot fractures: a retrospective radiological audit
        date: 2021-11-18
       words: 4384
      flesch: 51
     summary: SA Orthop J 2021;20(4) pro- and supination, poor grip strength and early onset arthrosis of the distal radioulnar and radiocarpaljoints.8-11 Our study aimed to quantify the incidence of radiological radius shortening following radius nails for GSW fractures at our institution. Citation: Abramson M, Maqungo S, Dey R, Laubscher M. Incidence of radius shortening following intramedullary nail fixation for gunshot fractures: a retrospective radiological audit.
    keywords: bone; fractures; length; nail; orthop; radius; shortening; study; ulnar
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        item: #201 of 301
          id: saoj-449
      author: Birkholtz, F
       title: Lessons learnt from a pandemic: How to create resilience
        date: 2020-11-17
       words: 1282
      flesch: 56
     summary: A good example during the pandemic was that trauma orthopaedics could continue somewhat despite the fact that arthroplasty ground to a halt in most practices. Group practices have the benefit of having multiple partners with slightly different skill sets.
    keywords: crisis; pandemic; practice; resilience
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        item: #202 of 301
          id: saoj-452
      author: Mniki, Thato A; Maré, Pieter H; Marais, Leonard C; Thompson, David M
       title: The short-term outcomes of hip arthrodesis in children and adolescents with end-stage hip disease
        date: 2021-11-18
       words: 6052
      flesch: 57
     summary: Results Nineteen patients (11 female) had hip fusions at a mean age of 12 years (range 5–18). Level of evidence: Level 4 Keywords: end-stage hip arthritis, TB hip, hip arthrodesis, hip fusion, subtrochanteric osteotomy The short-term outcomes of hip arthrodesis in children and adolescents with end-stage hip disease Thato A Mniki,¹* Pieter H Maré,² Leonard C Marais,³ David M Thompson¹ ¹ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Grey’s Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ² Clinical Unit Paediatric Orthopaedics, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Grey’s Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa ³ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa *Corresponding author: t.mniki@yahoo.com Introduction Management of paediatric and adolescent patients with end-stage hip arthritis remains challenging, and the trends in management have changed over time.1,2
    keywords: arthrodesis; disease; fusion; hip; hip arthrodesis; joint; orthop; pain; patients; position; study
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        item: #203 of 301
          id: saoj-457
      author: le Roux, Johan; Dey, Roopam; Deichl, Andrea S; Torney, Oscar; Laubscher, Maritz; Graham, Simon M; Held, Michael
       title: Correlation of the squat-and-smile test against other patient-reported outcome scores in knee pathology
        date: 2021-08-31
       words: 3797
      flesch: 61
     summary: Although it is not a knee-specific outcome score, it has comparable practicality and construct validity to other knee scores and is appropriate to assess interventions which are designed to alleviate knee pain.19 This test is, therefore, a modification of the original SST which was described previously,10,11 highlighting the influence of squatting activities of daily living.7,8 The same domains were used in this study; however, the ability to smile while squatting was replaced using the visual analog score of smiley faces.10 Scores Apart from the SST, the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Lysholm score, and the EQ-5D score were recorded.
    keywords: correlation; eq-5d; knee; koos; lysholm; outcome; patients; score; squat; support
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        item: #204 of 301
          id: saoj-466
      author: Alexander, Alwich N; Saragas, Nikiforos P; Ferrao, Paulo NF
       title: Patient-reported outcomes following plantar incisions in foot surgery
        date: 2021-11-18
       words: 4076
      flesch: 54
     summary: Despite numerous studies reporting on procedures which use plantar incisions and thus inadvertently demonstrating good results with plantar incisions, most surgeons still avoid this approach due to the fear of developing a painful plantar scar. The aim of this study is to assess the clinical outcome of plantar incisions in various procedures.
    keywords: ankle; excision; fibromatosis; foot; forefoot; incisions; metatarsal; patients; plantar; study
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        item: #205 of 301
          id: saoj-47
      author: Roussot, MA; Held, M; Laubscher, M; Nicol, AJ; Navsaria, PH; Roche, SJL; Maqungo, S
       title: Amputation rate following tibia fractures with associated popliteal artery injuries.
        date: 2017-08-30
       words: 3801
      flesch: 50
     summary: Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study of 30 patients with popliteal artery injuries with ipsilateral tibia fractures at a level 1 trauma centre. In this study only 31 patients with tibial fractures and popliteal artery injuries were seen at our level 1 trauma unit over an 11-year period.
    keywords: amputation; delay; fractures; hours; injuries; injury; limb; patients; popliteal; trauma; vascular
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        item: #206 of 301
          id: saoj-472
      author: Maharaj, Zia; Pillay, Tristan; Mokete, Lipalo; Pietrzak, Jurek RT
       title: Preoperative asymptomatic bacteriuria in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty in South Africa
        date: 2021-11-18
       words: 4942
      flesch: 48
     summary: Studies indicate that the prevalence of ASB for TJA patients in Spain varies between 5.1 and 18.2%.9,18,19 Similarly the ASB prevalence rates for the UK range from 3.2% to 12.1%,6,8 while Finland and Portugal have reported ASB prevalence of 6.8% and 11.2% respectively for TJA patients.8,20 Patients with preoperative ASB have been reported to be at increased risk for PJI.6,8,9 The microorganisms cultured from urinalysis in patients with ASB (Figure 1) were different from the microorganisms cultured from postoperative infections in treated- ASB patients (Table IV).
    keywords: arthroplasty; asb; patients; pji; prevalence; risk; south; study; tja; total
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        item: #207 of 301
          id: saoj-474
      author: Oosthuizen, Christiaan R; Maposa, Innocent; Magobotha, Sebastian; Pandit, Hemant
       title: Impact of correctable mediolateral tibiofemoral subluxation on unicompartmental knee arthroplasty implant survival in patients with anteromedial osteoarthritis
        date: 2021-11-18
       words: 4658
      flesch: 53
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 4 Keywords: unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, partial, osteoarthritis, X-ray, implant Impact of correctable mediolateral tibiofemoral subluxation on unicompartmental knee arthroplasty implant survival in patients with anteromedial osteoarthritis Christiaan R Oosthuizen,¹* Radiological decision aid to determine suitability for medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: development and preliminary validation.
    keywords: cohort; group; implant; knee; medial; patients; revision; subluxation; uka
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        item: #208 of 301
          id: saoj-476
      author: Brown, Ottilia; Van Rooyen, Dalena RM; Aldous, Colleen; Marais, Leonard C
       title: Culturally competent patient–provider communication with Zulu patients diagnosed with osteosarcoma: an evidence-based practice guideline
        date: 2021-05-22
       words: 6893
      flesch: 38
     summary: Evidence-based practice can contribute to improving culturally competent communication with cancer patients receiving treatment at culturally discordant healthcare facilities. Introduction Communicating the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer is known to be challenging.1-10 Furthermore, ensuring that patients understand their treatment options is considered good practice.11 Performing these communication tasks in cross-cultural clinical settings complicates patient–provider communication.12 Culture plays a significant role in how patients’ health-related values, beliefs and behaviours are shaped, and affects how patients and communities approach the diagnosis and treatment of cancer as well as their trust in healthcare providers and institutions.13,14 Culture also affects providers’ and institutions’ approach to minority patients and contributes substantially to disparities in access to healthcare for minority and underprivileged patients.14,15 An evidence- based practice guideline (hereafter referred to as ‘guideline’) would contribute significantly to improving culturally competent communication with cancer patients receiving treatment at culturally discordant healthcare facilities.
    keywords: cancer; clinical; communication; cross; cultural; diagnosis; evidence; guideline; healthcare; healthcare providers; osteosarcoma; patients; prognosis; providers; treatment; work; zulu
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        item: #209 of 301
          id: saoj-479
      author: van Marle, Anne-Cecilia; Acho, Petra-Marie; Chepape, Christine O; Mahlaba, Reitumetse M; Dlamini, Precious; Magugu, Samkelisiwe; Mohlahlo, Kamogelo K; Teis, Nicole; Kachelhoffer, Anna M; Joubert, Gina; Coetzee, Marius J
       title: A retrospective file audit of preoperative anaemia in patients referred to an anaesthesiology clinic before elective orthopaedic surgery
        date: 2022-03-16
       words: 4467
      flesch: 45
     summary: Conclusion The prevalence of preoperative anaemia before elective orthopaedic surgery (25%) was the same as that reported before patient blood management was introduced internationally. Level of evidence: Level 3 Keywords: preoperative anaemia, elective orthopaedic procedures, patient blood management, preoperative care, blood transfusion A retrospective file audit of preoperative anaemia in patients referred to an anaesthesiology clinic before elective orthopaedic surgery Anne-Cecilia van Marle,¹ Petra-Marie Acho,²
    keywords: anaemia; blood; clinic; elective; management; orthopaedic; patients; preoperative; south; surgery; transfusions
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        item: #210 of 301
          id: saoj-483
      author: Garrett, Benjamin R; Grundill, Michael L
       title: Patella dislocations and patellofemoral instability: a current concepts review
        date: 2021-08-31
       words: 10910
      flesch: 51
     summary: Since the landmark work in 1994 by Dejour et al.,8 which identified four anatomical risk factors (trochlear dysplasia, patella alta [Caton-Deschamps index ≥1.2], patellar tilt ≥20° and tibial tuberosity–trochlear groove [TT-TG] distance ≥20 mm), two schools of thought have emerged in the management of these patients. J Orthop Surg Res. 2020;15(1):1-9. 71. Palmu S, Kallio PE, Donell ST, et al. Acute patellar dislocation in children and adolescents: A randomized clinical trial.
    keywords: acute; arthrosc; bone; dejour; dislocation; dysplasia; et al; instability; j sports; knee; knee surg; ligament; med; medial; mpfl; orthop; orthop j; patellar; patellar dislocation; patellar instability; patients; reconstruction; recurrent; risk; surg; surg sports; surgical; tibial; traumatol; treatment; trochlear; tubercle
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        item: #211 of 301
          id: saoj-486
      author: Mwelase, Sandile M; Maré, Pieter H; Thompson, David M; Marais, Leonard C
       title: The Fassier technique for correction of proximal femoral deformity in children with osteogenesis imperfecta
        date: 2022-03-16
       words: 3949
      flesch: 55
     summary: The Fassier technique for correction of proximal femoral deformity in children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of a cohort of eight children (four females, 12 hips) with osteogenesis imperfecta (6/8 Sillence type III, 2/8 type IV) who had surgical treatment with the Fassier technique for proximal femoral deformity between 2014 and 2020.
    keywords: children; correction; deformity; fassier; nsa; rod; technique
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        item: #212 of 301
          id: saoj-489
      author: Webster, Phillip
       title: 2020, a year of challenges and achievements on our path together into the future
        date: 2021-03-27
       words: 1865
      flesch: 55
     summary: The second way to ensure financial sustainability is through group practices. South African Orthopaedic Registry (SAOR)
    keywords: future; orthopaedic; saoa; south
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        item: #213 of 301
          id: saoj-490
      author: Roche, Stephen
       title: Advocacy for sporting injury prevention and care
        date: 2021-03-27
       words: 1846
      flesch: 52
     summary: South African Orthopaedic Journal EDITORIAL DOI 10.17159/2309-8309/2021/v20n1a0SA Orthop J 2021;20(1) Advocacy for sporting injury prevention and care Stephen Roche* Professor of Orthopaedics, University of Cape Town Deputy Head, Division of Orthopaedics Head of Adult Reconstruction and of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital Co-director Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, University of Cape Town Co-director Orthopaedic Research Unit, University of Cape Town *Corresponding author: stephen.roche@uct.ac.za The duties and responsibilities of orthopaedic surgeons obliges us to be an advocate on multiple levels within our society. Sports injuries in South Africa do not receive the same attention in orthopaedic forums as the other burdens documented above.
    keywords: injuries; injury; ixarola; orthopaedic; prevention; south; sports
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        item: #214 of 301
          id: saoj-491
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: CPD Questionnaire (V20N01)
        date: 2021-03-27
       words: 1497
      flesch: 60
     summary: Which of the following is the appropriate management? a. Open reduction A b. Which of the following is the appropriate management? a. Open reduction A b.
    keywords: fractures
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        item: #215 of 301
          id: saoj-495
      author: Meier, Warren; Tsama, Mluleki; Aden, Abdirashid A
       title: A rare occurrence of ganglion cysts on the posterolateral aspect of the elbow without neurological manifestations: a case series and review of the literature
        date: 2022-03-16
       words: 4101
      flesch: 50
     summary: Most published cases of elbow ganglions have reported patients with symptoms relating to compression of the radial nerve, or branches thereof secondary to anteriorly located cysts. Discussion Patients with elbow ganglions usually have cysts located anterior to the radiocapitellar joint and almost invariably present with an associated motor, or less commonly, a sensory deficit of the radial nerve.
    keywords: cases; elbow; excision; ganglion; mass; nerve; radial
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        item: #216 of 301
          id: saoj-497
      author: Rachuene, Pududu A; Du Toit, Frederick J; Tsolo, Gladwell K; Khanyile, Sivesonke M; Tladi, Makgabo J; Golele, Sikheto S
       title: Distal radius fractures: current concepts
        date: 2021-11-18
       words: 8978
      flesch: 53
     summary: Distal radius fractures: current concepts. Evidence-based review of distal radius fractures.
    keywords: articular; bone; carpal; distal; dorsal; drfs; et al; evaluation; fixation; hand; hand surg; j hand; j orthop; locking; management; mean; orthop; orthop surg; outcomes; patients; plate; plating; radius fractures; reduction; review; study; surg; treatment; volar
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        item: #217 of 301
          id: saoj-498
      author: Bernstein, Brian
       title: ‘The Art of War’
        date: 2021-05-22
       words: 775
      flesch: 50
     summary: South African Orthopaedic Journal MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT SA Orthop J 2021;20(2) ‘The Art of War’ Brian Bernstein President: South African Orthopaedic Association Corresponding author: brian.bernstein@vincentpallotti.com The period 2020/2021 has been an extremely interesting time. – Dante Alighieri Many of the decisions made by some eminent scientists over the last year have been flawed, and we have to acknowledge that nobody really knew, or knows, what to expect.
    keywords: orthopaedic; patients
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        item: #218 of 301
          id: saoj-499
      author: Mokete, Lipalo
       title: Here we go again: is this our new normal?
        date: 2021-05-22
       words: 1149
      flesch: 57
     summary: Reinstating elective orthopaedic surgery in the age of Covid-19. Chang et al. showed that elective orthopaedic surgery could be done safely with a designated Covid-19-free pathway.5 As we emerged from the first wave, into an unfamiliar new normal, we recognised that there would likely be pent-up demand for elective joint arthroplasty and many of us armed with fresh Covid-19-safe treatment protocols started making plans accordingly.
    keywords: covid-19; orthopaedic; pandemic; wave
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        item: #219 of 301
          id: saoj-5
      author: ODUAH, GO; FIRTH, GB; PETTIFOR, JM; THANDRAYEN, K
       title: Management of osteogenesis imperfecta at the Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital
        date: 2017-07-20
       words: 4988
      flesch: 56
     summary: Ruck et al. showed that the use of the Fassier-Duval rod combined with bisphosphonates in a group of 60 children with OI improved ambulation, gross motor function, self- care and mobility at one year follow-up.16 Hoyer-Khun et al. showed that a specialised rehabilitation approach, which included whole body vibration training, physio- therapy, resistance and treadmill training, improved mobility in these children.17 Montpetit et al. used the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory to highlight the importance of improving the functional status of patients with type III OI who were often dependent for all areas at final follow-up in comparison to patients with type IV who were more often independent.18 This study was unable to show significant differences in independent walking between the different types of OI patients whom were operated on or not as the majority of these patients were type III and IV OI patients presenting with more severe disease. As shown in Table II, type III OI patients had the highest average number of fractures compared to the other types of OI, and this was significantly greater compared to type IV and Bruck syndrome (p<0.05 and p<0.01 respectively).
    keywords: age; follow; fractures; iii; imperfecta; number; osteogenesis; patients; study; type
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        item: #220 of 301
          id: saoj-501
      author: le Roux, Johan A; Bezuidenhout, Carel W; Kloppers, Juan; Hobbs, Hayden; Von Bornman, Richard; Held, Michael
       title: Not strong enough? Movements generated during clinical examination of sagittal and rotational laxity in a cadaver knee
        date: 2022-03-16
       words: 3407
      flesch: 48
     summary: 1 Table I: Demographics of participants in terms of number of examiners involved in each part of the study as well as the corresponding level of orthopaedic training Level of participant Ligamentous intact knee ACL cut knee ACL and ALL cut knee Medical officer 3 2 1 Junior orthopaedic registrars in first two years of specialisation 4 4 4 Senior orthopaedic registrars in final two years of specialisation 10 9 9 Orthopaedic specialists not primarily involved in knee surgery 4 4 4 Fellowship-trained orthopaedic knee specialists 3 3 3 Total 24 22 21 ACL: anterior cruciate ligament; ALL: anterolateral ligament Figure 1. A side-to- side difference of 8.6 mm during the Lachman test in 30° flexion was reported, but only a 4.2 mm difference when comparing anterior tibial drawer tests in 90° of flexion.13 A study by Bull et al. also recorded only a 4.2 mm difference with an anterior drawer test at 30° and 90° knee flexion, when comparing knee laxity before and after an ACL reconstruction.14 Similarly, the motion differences in our study were below 3 mm in translation and 3° in internal rotation before and after sectioning of the ACL and the ALL.
    keywords: acl; cut; iqr; knee; laxity; ligament; value
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        item: #221 of 301
          id: saoj-503
      author: Dunn, Cara; Held, Michael; Laubscher, Maritz; Nortje, Marc; Roche, Stephen; Dunn, Robert
       title: Orthopaedic surgical training exposure at a South African academic hospital – is the experience diverse and in depth?
        date: 2022-03-16
       words: 5509
      flesch: 56
     summary: In total, 17.5% of cases were performed after hours, with 31.7% of trauma surgeries and only 2.9% of elective surgeries occurring after hours. Trauma surgeries were divided into the general four firms, the acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) unit and paediatric trauma.
    keywords: arm; cases; data; elective; leg; orthopaedic; procedures; registrars; supervised; surgeries; surgery; training; trauma
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        item: #222 of 301
          id: saoj-506
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: CPD Questionnaire (V20N02)
        date: 2021-05-22
       words: 1656
      flesch: 55
     summary: Early reduction using skeletal traction to realign the vertebrae C d. Both A and B D e. a. Malunion A b.
    keywords: acute; injuries; patients
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        item: #223 of 301
          id: saoj-515
      author: Sibindi, Cosmas; Mageza, Akimu; Socci, Adrienne 
       title: Orthopaedic research in Zimbabwe: a seminal bibliometric analysis
        date: 2022-05-19
       words: 5182
      flesch: 47
     summary: We also found the countries that collaborated the most with Zimbabwean authors on orthopaedic research articles aligned directly with the last author origin for the articles, for example, if the last author was from South Africa, then the article country of collaboration would be South Africa. This ratio places pressure on surgeons and trainees to be more focused on clinical work.15 This, paired with the fact that Zimbabwe did not have an orthopaedic training programme until COSECSA inaugurated its training programme in 1999, is the likely explanation for the significantly limited quantity and quality of research articles and, more generally, academic research productivity.7,16,17 In terms of research foci, HIV-related pathology is appropriately the highest focus as a consequence of Zimbabwe and the southern African region having a high HIV/AIDS prevalence rate.
    keywords: analysis; articles; author; collaboration; countries; country; evidence; hic; income; orthopaedic; research; study; surgery; work; zimbabwe
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        item: #224 of 301
          id: saoj-520
      author: Mugla, Walid; Bauer, Hendrik C F; Vogel, Jonathan; Hosking, Keith V; Campbell, Neil; Hilton, Thomas L
       title: Modular prosthetic reconstruction for primary bone tumours of the distal tibia in ten patients
        date: 2022-05-19
       words: 3185
      flesch: 54
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 4 Keywords: distal tibia, endoprosthetic replacement, osteosarcoma, giant cell tumour, limb salvage, amputation Modular prosthetic reconstruction for primary bone tumours of the distal tibia in ten patients Walid Mugla,¹ Henrik CF Bauer,² Jonathan Vogel,³ Keith V Hosking,⁴ Neil Campbell,⁵ Thomas L Hilton⁶* 1 Sarcoma Unit, Groote Schuur Hospital; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa ² Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; visiting professor in the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa ³ Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa ⁴ Vincent Pallotti Life Orthopaedic Hospital, Cape Town; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa ⁵ LRS Implants, Cape Town, South Africa ⁶ Groote Schuur Hospital and Life Vincent Pallotti Orthopaedic Hospital, Cape Town; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Division of Orthopaedics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa *Corresponding author: thomas@drthilton.com Introduction Limb-sparing surgery for primary bone tumours of the distal tibia is fraught with difficulties due to the paucity of soft tissue coverage and difficulties in creating a durable fixation of the prosthetic components.1 Wide surgical margins and acceptable function of the ankle joint can seldom be achieved.1,2 Therefore, below- knee amputation (BKA) is the surgical method of choice. Patients and methods A medical record and image review was performed of ten patients who underwent a DTR between 1 January 2005 and 31 January 2019 for Enneking benign aggressive or malignant primary bone tumour.5
    keywords: bone; cape; limb; orthop; patients; tibia; town; tumours
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        item: #225 of 301
          id: saoj-522
      author: Ferreira, Nando; Anley, Cameron; Joubert, Etienne
       title: Transarticular gunshot injuries: a systematic review of 150 years of management
        date: 2022-03-16
       words: 6762
      flesch: 56
     summary: Antibiotic therapy in gunshot wound injuries. Pazarci O, Kilinc S, Camurcu Y, Bulut O. Total hip arthroplasty after hip joint gunshot injury.
    keywords: antibiotic; arthroscopic; bullet; cases; era; gunshot; hip; injuries; injury; joint; knee; lead; management; orthop; patients; removal; review; shoulder; transarticular
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        item: #226 of 301
          id: saoj-523
      author: Marais, Leonard C
       title: Antibiotic resistance: Netflix, HAL 9000 and the $100 billion question
        date: 2021-08-31
       words: 2641
      flesch: 46
     summary: Potential burden of antibiotic resistance on surgery and cancer chemotherapy antibiotic prophylaxis in the USA: a literature review and modelling study. It is expected to invest US$1 billion in antibiotic development and hopes to bring two to four new antibiotics to the clinical platform by 2030.
    keywords: antibiotic; antimicrobial; bacteria; development; infections; peptides; resistance
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        item: #227 of 301
          id: saoj-524
      author: Keller, Monique M; Barnes, Roline; Brandt, Corlia; Hepworth, Lauren M
       title: Splints and immobilisation approaches used for second to fifth metacarpal fractures: a systematic review
        date: 2022-05-19
       words: 7542
      flesch: 51
     summary: Reviewing existing literature on splints and immobilisation approaches used for second to fifth metacarpal fractures would provide an appraisal of evidence on the various splints and immobilisation approaches currently used to provide guidance to clinicians in clinical practice. Therefore, the research question guiding the scoping type sys- tematic review was: What evidence is available for conservative and post-surgical splints and immobilisation approaches utilised (including, but not limited to, POP and/or splints) as part of initial management for adults older than 20 years and younger than 59 years of age, reporting on outcomes which included, but were not limited to, hand function, HRQoL, disability, digital ROM, grip strength and fine motor dexterity after sustaining single or multiple second to fifth metacarpal fractures?
    keywords: articles; conservative; evidence; fifth; fractures; group; hand; immobilisation; management; metacarpal; neck; participants; second; splint; weeks; wrist
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        item: #228 of 301
          id: saoj-525
      author: Cetinkaya, Mehmet; Gezangana, Vuyo; Mann, Theresa N; Du Toit, Jacques; Davis, Johan H
       title: Halo-external fixator frame-assisted correction to treat severe kyphotic deformity in children younger than 4 years old
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 4876
      flesch: 46
     summary: The aim of this case series was to provide novel insights into the surgical technique associated with halo-external fixator frame (HEFF) treatment for severe spinal deformity in patients younger than 4 years old, along with the associated radiologic outcomes and complications. Qi L, Xu B, Li C, Wang Y. Clinical efficacy of short-term pre-operative halo-pelvic traction in the treatment of severe spinal deformities complicated with respiratory dysfunction.
    keywords: correction; deformity; frame; halo; heff; patients; pelvic; severe; spinal; spine; traction
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        item: #229 of 301
          id: saoj-526
      author: Hilton, Thomas; Bauer, Henrik CF
       title: Proposal for a South African sarcoma registry
        date: 2021-08-31
       words: 1410
      flesch: 47
     summary: However, the development of the South African Oncology and Limb Salvage Society, along with efforts in the major centres, is helping to improve access to sarcoma treatment for South Africans. With local data from a South African registry, better decisions can be made around sarcoma treatment.
    keywords: care; registry; sarcoma; south; treatment
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        item: #230 of 301
          id: saoj-527
      author: Pretorius, Henry S; Burger, Marilise C; Ferreira, Nando 
       title: Evaluating the design modifications of an intramedullary forearm nail system: a cadaver study
        date: 2022-03-16
       words: 3944
      flesch: 55
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 5 Keywords: radius and ulna intramedullary nail, locked forearm nail, forearm fractures Evaluating the design modifications of an intramedullary forearm nail system: a cadaver study Henry S Pretorius,* Marilize C Burger, Nando Ferreira Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa *Corresponding author: hsp359@sun.ac.za Introduction Current orthopaedic practice requires a forearm nail that is length and rotationally stable and which can restore functional anatomy. Contemporary forearm nail design has no reliable way to control rotation or length, and the restoration of the native anatomy can be challenging.
    keywords: exposure; forearm; fractures; intramedullary; locking; nail; radius; study
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        item: #231 of 301
          id: saoj-535
      author: Thikhathali, Ndivhoniswani D; Ngcelwane, Mthunzi V
       title: The burden of road traffic accident-related trauma to orthopaedic healthcare and resource utilisation at a South African tertiary hospital: a cost analysis study
        date: 2022-11-10
       words: 4773
      flesch: 57
     summary: The proportion of this study population was compared to the total number of trauma patients seen at the orthopaedic department during the same study period. This tertiary hospital is one of the three public tertiary hospitals which receive trauma patients in Pretoria.
    keywords: average; burden; cost; hospital; injuries; orthopaedic; patients; study; theatre; time; total; trauma
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        item: #232 of 301
          id: saoj-538
      author: Beukes, Janus E; Immelman, Reynard J; Venter, Joachim H; Janse van Rensburg, Charl; Ngcelwane, Mthunzi V; De Vos, Johannes N
       title: Comparing outcomes between enhanced recovery after surgery and traditional protocols in total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective cohort study
        date: 2022-05-19
       words: 4837
      flesch: 54
     summary: They compared the evolution from traditional to ERAS protocols and found favourable LOS without an increase in readmission rates. Bernstein DN, Liu TC, Winegar AL, et al. Evaluation of a preoperative optimization protocol for primary hip and knee arthroplasty patients.
    keywords: arthroplasty; day; eras; group; knee; patients; protocol; recovery; study; surgery; total
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        item: #233 of 301
          id: saoj-54
      author: Maqungo, S
       title: Early clinical outcomes of isolated low velocity gunshot radius fractures treated with closed reduction and locked intramedullary nailing
        date: 2017-08-30
       words: 2788
      flesch: 52
     summary: The aim of our study was to assess early clinical outcomes of closed reduction and locked intramedullary fixation of low velocity gunshot radius fractures. Conclusion: Closed reduction and intramedullary nail fixation of gunshot radius fractures shows promising results without significant complications.
    keywords: fixation; fractures; gunshot; intramedullary; nail; patients; radius; reduction; union
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        item: #234 of 301
          id: saoj-541
      author: Erasmus, Raoul D; Fourie, Pieter J; Janse van Rensburg, Charl; Jacobs, Hans W
       title: An audit on the accuracy of freehand acetabular cup positioning in total hip arthroplasty with the direct lateral approach at a tertiary institution over seven years
        date: 2022-11-10
       words: 4120
      flesch: 48
     summary: Scatterplot showing cases according to anteversion and inclination (in degrees) and indicating cases of dislocation A nt ev er si on (a vg ) Inclination (avg) Not dislocated Dislocated 40 30 20 10 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 Table II: Relationship between accuracy and dislocation Range of acetabular anteversion Range of acetabular inclination Not dislocated Dislocated Total n (%) n (%) n (%) < 5°; > 25° < 30°; > 50° 14 (6) 1 (10) 15 (6) 5–25° < 30°; > 50° 39 (16) 2 (20) 41 (16) < 5°; > 25° 30–50° 49 (20) 4 (40) 53 (21) 5–25° 30–50° 141 (58) 3 (30) 144 (57) Total 243 (100) 10 (100) 253 (100) Table III: Mean cup anteversion and inclination by surgical group Surgical group n (%) Anteversion Inclination Anteversion and inclination Mean (95% CI) Conclusion The freehand technique using the direct lateral approach for acetabular cup placement produces a poor overall accuracy of only 57%.
    keywords: accuracy; acetabular; anteversion; approach; cup; hip; inclination; total
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        item: #235 of 301
          id: saoj-544
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: CPD Questionnaire (V20N03)
        date: 2021-08-31
       words: 1639
      flesch: 61
     summary: Which primary malignancy is associated with the worst five-year prognosis once bone metastasis has been diagnosed? a. Lung A b. Breast B c. Thyroid C d. Renal D e. Prostate E Correlation of the squat-and-smile test against other patient-reported outcome scores in knee pathology (Le Roux J, Dey R, Deichl AS, Torney O, Laubscher M, Graham SM, Held M) 10. a. Chondrosarcoma A b.
    keywords: following; radius
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        item: #236 of 301
          id: saoj-546
      author: Foster, Matthew; Du Plessis, Jason ; Jansen van Vuuren, Marike ; Jingo, Maxwell; Pietrzak, Jurek R T
       title: The impact of the Covid-19 lockdown restrictions on orthopaedic trauma admissions in a central academic hospital in Johannesburg
        date: 2022-05-19
       words: 5637
      flesch: 58
     summary: The impact of the Covid-19 lockdown restrictions on orthopaedic trauma admissions in a central academic hospital in Johannesburg. There was a decrease of 25% of orthopaedic trauma admissions during the five-month lockdown period in 2020 compared to 2019 (p-value = 0.020) and 30% from 2020 compared to 2018 (p-value = 0.010).
    keywords: admissions; alcohol; alert; covid-19; data; injuries; level; lockdown; patients; south; study; trauma
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        item: #237 of 301
          id: saoj-547
      author: O'Connor, Megan; Ferreira, Nando; Smith, Michele; Webster, Phillip; Venter, Rudolph G; Marais, Leonard C
       title: High burnout among the South African orthopaedic community: a cross-sectional study
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 8459
      flesch: 58
     summary: I: Descriptive statistics for respondent demographic characteristics Counts (n) % of total Median IQR Age (years) 156 46.5 37–58 Sex Female 16 (155) 10% Male 139 (155) 90% Qualification Specialist 128 (155) 83% Registrar 27 (155) 17% Years in practice 156 17 9–28 Year of registrar time 27 3 2–4 1st 6 (27) 22% 2nd 4 (27) 15% 3rd 8 (27) 30% 4th 3 Stanford Professional Fulfilment Index (PFI) questions and scores broken down into each of the three sub-categories and summarised overall burnout results Average score Category Counts (n) % of total Professional fulfilment* 3.82 I feel happy at work 3.54 I feel worthwhile at work 3.85
    keywords: african; burnout; cent; covid; health; hours; impact; iqr; lack; life; orthopaedic; respondents; risk; south; study; time; variables; work
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        item: #238 of 301
          id: saoj-548
      author: Koyejo, Temitayo T; Olusunmade, Opeyemi I; Olufemi, Olukemi T
       title: Epidemiology of primary bone tumours in Nigeria: a systematic review
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 4678
      flesch: 52
     summary: Existing data on primary bone tumours in Nigeria have been based on studies performed at various regional levels. Methods A search of the following databases: University of Edinburgh Library, PubMed, CINAHL and SCOPUS from 2000 till January 2021 following PRISMA guidelines was conducted to identify studies conducted in Nigeria with relevant epidemiological data on primary bone tumours in Nigeria.
    keywords: bone; bone tumours; cases; hospital; incidence; malignant; nigeria; primary; studies; study; tumours
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        item: #239 of 301
          id: saoj-549
      author: Anley, Cameron M
       title: Mentorship: a two-way street
        date: 2021-11-18
       words: 1399
      flesch: 53
     summary: Although various mentorship models have been developed, the most productive and commonly encouraged method is one-to-one mentorship (dyadic method).3 The success of dyadic mentoring relies on willing mentees and qualified mentors. The value of senior mentorship among orthopaedic surgeons.
    keywords: mentee; mentorship; orthopaedic; surgeons
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        item: #240 of 301
          id: saoj-55
      author: Rangongo, RS; Ngcelwane, MV; Suleman, FE
       title: The relationship of the size of the footprint of the fibular graft to the surface area of the vertebral endplate in the reconstruction of the anterior column of the spine.
        date: 2017-08-30
       words: 3463
      flesch: 61
     summary: Comparison of Multisegment anterior cervical fixation using bone strut graft vs a titanium rod and buttress prosthesis. Our attraction to these angiographic studies is that they show CT scans of the thoracic spine, lumbar spine and fibular graft, all from the same patient at the same time.
    keywords: area; fibula; graft; lumbar; reconstruction; spine; surface; surface area; thoracic
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        item: #241 of 301
          id: saoj-552
      author: Kauta, Ntambue J; Du Plessis, Jean P; De Wet, Johannes J; Vrettos, Basil; Roche, Stephen J L
       title: Current concepts on the assessment of a patient with a traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation
        date: 2022-05-19
       words: 5965
      flesch: 54
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 5 Keywords: anterior shoulder dislocation, anterior shoulder instability, recurrent shoulder dislocation, anterior shoulder instability assessment Current concepts on the assessment of a patient with a traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation Ntambue J Kauta,* Jean P du Plessis, Johannes J de Wet, Basil Vrettos, Stephen JL Roche Adult Reconstruction, Shoulder and Elbow Unit, Groote Schuur Hospital Orthopaedic Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa *Corresponding author: jimmy.kauta@uct.ac.za Introduction Anterior shoulder dislocation is the most common joint dislocation.1 Following nonoperative management of the initial episode, the recurrence rate varies from 70% to more than 90% in the adolescent population group.1-3 Recurrent instability has been reported in up to 30% of surgically treated adolescent traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation.4,5 Two-thirds of patients with recurrent dislocation will develop instability arthropathy within 25 years of the initial dislocation episode.6 There is, therefore, a need to identify patients who are likely to recur and who may need surgical stabilisation. The ‘3-pack’ examination, which includes the O’Brien sign, throwing test and bicipital tunnel palpation, has an excellent sensitivity, negative predictive value, and inter-rater reliability for comprehensive evaluation of the biceps/labral complex pathology, making it an ideal screening tool for this purpose.42 Imaging for anterior shoulder instability It is recognised that common soft tissue injuries such as an- teroinferior capsulolabral injuries (Bankart lesion) are an integral part of the pathology of anterior shoulder dislocation.
    keywords: assessment; bone; bone loss; dislocation; glenoid; glenoid bone; instability; loss; med; recurrent; shoulder; shoulder dislocation; shoulder instability; sports; test
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        item: #242 of 301
          id: saoj-555
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: CPD Questionnaire (V20N04)
        date: 2021-11-18
       words: 1610
      flesch: 58
     summary: a. Medial sesamoiditis A b. Which knee is most suitable for medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty? a. Isolated medial osteoarthritis without mediolateral subluxation A b.
    keywords: fixation; fractures; view
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        item: #243 of 301
          id: saoj-558
      author: Mia, Sayed M; Rajpaul, Jitesh; Goga, Ismail E
       title: Short-term outcomes of one-stage bilateral total hip arthroplasty in a South African setting
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 4577
      flesch: 51
     summary: This subgroup of patients is usually between the ages of 30 and 50 years (young) and they require bilateral total hip replacements (BTHA) to allow them to return to their previous level of function and employment. The study aimed to assess the short-term outcomes and complications in patients with bilateral hip pathology managed surgically with a one-stage BTHA.
    keywords: arthroplasty; bilateral; btha; complications; follow; hip; patients; stage; study; total
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        item: #244 of 301
          id: saoj-559
      author: Fourie, Pieter J; Erasmus, Raoul D; Botha, Tanita; Jacobs, Hans W
       title: Low dislocation rate one year after total hip arthroplasty at a tertiary hospital in South Africa
        date: 2023-03-23
       words: 6515
      flesch: 58
     summary: The endpoint of the review was hip dislocation after primary THA. Hermansen LL, Viberg B, Hansen L, Overgaard S. ‘True’ cumulative incidence of and risk factors for hip dislocation within 2 years after primary total hip arthroplasty due to osteoarthritis: a nationwide population-based study from the Danish Hip Arthroplasty Register.
    keywords: approach; arthroplasty; dislocation; hip; lateral; mobility; nof; rate; reg; risk; tha; total
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        item: #245 of 301
          id: saoj-56
      author: Birkholtz, FF; Greyling, P
       title: Independent segmental bone transport of the radius and ulna: A case report
        date: 2017-08-30
       words: 1724
      flesch: 50
     summary: Key words: bone transport, distraction osteogenesis, forearm bone loss, radius ulna transport, cement spacer http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8309/2016/v15n2a4 Figure 1. Infection is not healed by the simple compression of the fracture site alone.2-4 When dealing with forearm non-unions and bone loss, soft tissue adhesions and scar tissue need to be addressed.4 As was the case in this instance, meticulous attention to rehabil- itation is needed to optimise the functional outcome.
    keywords: bone; figure; forearm; radius; transport; ulna
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        item: #246 of 301
          id: saoj-563
      author: Rachuene, Pududu A; Dey, Roopam; de Villiers, Shaun; Berry, Kirsty; Mulder, Mike; du Plessis, Jean-Pierre; Roche, Stephen
       title: Retrospective audit of serum vitamin D levels in patients who underwent Latarjet procedure for anterior shoulder instability
        date: 2022-11-10
       words: 3612
      flesch: 51
     summary: Insufficient vitamin D levels were found in 12 patients (54.5%) and three patients (13.6%) had deficient vitamin D levels. Abstract Background The aim of this study was to review vitamin D levels in patients who underwent Latarjet procedures at a tertiary teaching hospital and a private clinic.
    keywords: bone; latarjet; levels; male; patients; procedure; shoulder; study; vitamin
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        item: #247 of 301
          id: saoj-565
      author: Rocher, Antoine GL; O'Connor, Megan; Koch, Odette
       title: Wide awake local anaesthesia no tourniquet: a review of current concepts
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 7177
      flesch: 50
     summary: The authors refer the reader to an instructional course lec- ture prepared by Lalonde et al. for a more detailed description, beyond the scope of this article.16 Significant bleeding during surgery has not been reported; however, it should be noted, according to a study by McKee et al., that after injecting adrenaline the surgical site takes on average 26 minutes (± 5 minutes) to reach the targeted maximum bloodless surgical field.17 In a meta-analysis conducted in 2011, Hogan et al. concluded that warming local anaesthesia before injection reduces the discomfort of the injection.21
    keywords: adrenaline; anaesthesia; et al; finger; hand; https://doi; injection; lalonde; lignocaine; orthop; pain; patients; solution; study; surgery; technique; tourniquet; use; walant
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        item: #248 of 301
          id: saoj-571
      author: Horn, Anria
       title: Modern orthopaedics and the forgotten child
        date: 2022-03-16
       words: 1006
      flesch: 52
     summary: There is a great need for paediatric orthopaedic fellowships in South Africa. With the most recent estimate of our population being 59 million, this translates to a surgeon to patient ratio of approximately 1/500 000 for paediatric orthopaedics.
    keywords: children; orthopaedic; south
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        item: #249 of 301
          id: saoj-572
      author: Dunn, Robert N
       title: Orthopaedic surgical career path – where’s the plan?
        date: 2022-03-16
       words: 1774
      flesch: 63
     summary: Based on this, the number of orthopaedic surgeons required can be calculated, both nationally and regionally, accepting the realities of geographic concentrations. This is not the whole story as many surgeons continue to practise longer due to financial challenges.
    keywords: orthopaedic; posts; surgeons; surgical
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        item: #250 of 301
          id: saoj-576
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: CPD Questionnaire (V21N01)
        date: 2022-03-16
       words: 1565
      flesch: 60
     summary: Clinical factors to consider when deciding to reconstruct the ALL ligament are: a. Age A b. What is the antibiotic of choice for transarticular gunshot injuries according to the included literature? a. Penicillin A b.
    keywords: elbow; nerve; radial
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        item: #251 of 301
          id: saoj-577
      author: Nansook, Adisha; Ryan, Paul
       title: A retrospective comparative study of complications after total knee replacement in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients
        date: 2022-11-10
       words: 4217
      flesch: 54
     summary: As in a US study, we also found that RA patients typically underwent TKA earlier than OA patients (a difference in mean age of seven years in our study), and both studies found this difference to be statistically significant. This mirrors conclusions drawn in an article by Boylan et al., who found that HIV did not increase their TKA patients’ overall risk of complications.16 There is limited data on the concomitant diagnosis of DM and RA as factors potentially increasing TKA complications rates; however, DM alone has been shown to increase the risk of complication post joint replacement.17 This study looked specifically at the complications following TKA.
    keywords: complications; group; knee; patients; study; tka; total
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        item: #252 of 301
          id: saoj-580
      author: Marais, Leonard C
       title: Data and decision making – from odd to artificial
        date: 2022-05-19
       words: 3056
      flesch: 63
     summary: Using log odds creates symmetry in the scale by creating outputs that are normally distributed around zero.3 When logistic regression is performed by a statistical program it uses the logit function, where logit (p) = ln p . It has something to do with the fact that regression aims to maximise the likelihood (by finding + Outcome – Outcome + Exposure a b – Exposure c d Odds ratio OR = (a/b)/(c/d)
    keywords: group; log; odds; outcome; regression; risk
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        item: #253 of 301
          id: saoj-582
      author: Sukati, Falethu M; Viljoen, Jaco; Alexander, Alwich
       title: Intertrochanteric femur fractures: a current concepts review
        date: 2023-03-23
       words: 7428
      flesch: 58
     summary: In light of the finding by Lopes-Coutinho et al., the femur head size is an important factor.21 Based on kinematic evaluation, the authors then inferred that the low-centre position may provide a more stable fixation than the centre-centre position.22 Lopes-Coutinho et al. did not explore the influence of implant choice, which may have influenced their findings.21 As the nail is driven deeper in the shaft to achieve a low-centre position for the cephalic screw, there is a risk of lateralising the proximal end of the nail.
    keywords: analysis; dhs; et al; femur; fixation; fractures; hip; intertrochanteric; j orthop; locking; meta; nail; neck; orthop; patients; reduction; screw; study; surg
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        item: #254 of 301
          id: saoj-584
      author: Shah, Manish R; Shah, Manisha M; Shah, Isha M
       title: Functional outcome of free fibula grafting in benign non-reconstructable bone tumours involving the hand
        date: 2023-03-23
       words: 4042
      flesch: 55
     summary: Objectives included the assessment of the functional outcome of free fibula grafting in benign non-reconstructable bone tumours involving the hand; to analyse the complications, if any, and assess the causes and solutions for them; to study the time of union of free fibula graft; to compare results with other centres; and to study different types of benign bone tumours involving the hand. Level of evidence: Level 3 Keywords: benign bone tumour, free fibula graft, QuickDASH-9 score, bone tumour, orthopaedic oncology Functional outcome of free fibula grafting in benign non-reconstructable bone tumours involving the hand Manish R Shah,¹*
    keywords: bone; fibula; graft; hand; patients; study; tumours
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        item: #255 of 301
          id: saoj-588
      author: Pretorius, Henry S; Burger, Marilize C; Ferreira, Nando
       title: The mechanical testing of a novel interlocking forearm nail
        date: 2022-11-10
       words: 3296
      flesch: 58
     summary: Level of evidence: Level 4 Keywords: mechanical testing, ASTM, load, yield, stiffness, fatigue strength The mechanical testing of a novel interlocking forearm nail Henry S Pretorius,* Marilize C Burger, Nando Ferreira Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa *Corresponding author: hsp359@sun.ac.za Introduction The mechanical properties of implants are one of many factors that contribute to the mechanobiological environment for fracture healing. Mechanical testing of newly designed implants provides valuable insight into their mechanical properties.
    keywords: bending; figure; fracture; nail; point; stiffness; testing
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        item: #256 of 301
          id: saoj-589
      author: Phala, Mashupse P; Rachuene, Pududu A; Socutshana, Bongani; Bila, Solly K
       title: Access gate-related lower limb fractures in children and adolescents: a review of injury patterns and evaluation of associated injuries
        date: 2022-11-10
       words: 3889
      flesch: 54
     summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the patterns of lower limb fractures, management options offered and concomitant injuries in children as well as adolescents presenting with access gate-related lower limb traumas. Mild head injuries associated with lower limb fractures were observed in 12.5% of the cases.
    keywords: access; children; fractures; gate; injuries; injury; limb; patients; study
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        item: #257 of 301
          id: saoj-592
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: CPD Questionnaire (V21N02)
        date: 2022-05-19
       words: 1519
      flesch: 61
     summary: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols contain which of the following interventions: a. Preoperative A b. a. Durban A b.
    keywords: research; shoulder
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        item: #258 of 301
          id: saoj-594
      author: Blair, Neill R; van der Merwe, Johan F; Matshidza, Steven
       title: Truth or DAIR? A review of debridement, antibiotics and implant retention
        date: 2022-11-10
       words: 6865
      flesch: 43
     summary: Table I: Reported success rates for DAIR published in the literature Publication Reported success rate Bolduc et al., 20214 72.2% Barros et al., 20196 89.5% Boyle et al., 20208 37–88% (average of 50%) Chalmers et al., 202123 21–36% failure rate Chaussade et al., 201724 69.0% Chung et al., 201925 86.7% Deijkers et al., 202026 82.0% Deng et al., 202121 67.3% Gerritsen et al., 202127 67.0% Grammatopoulos et al., 201728 84.0% Horriat et al., 201813 34.1% failure rate Kunutsor et al., 20181 61.4% Lesens et al., 201816 76.0% Lora-Tamayo et al., 201729 57.0% Ottesen et al., 201930 84.0% Qu et al., 201931 57.11% Rodríguez-Pardo et al., 201432 68.0% Tarity et al., 202112 47.6% failure rate Tsang et al., 201733 64.7% Van der Ende et al., 202134 20.0% failure rate Wouthuyzen-Bakker et al., 201935 45% failure rate Zhu et al., 202118 53.9% Page 231Blair NR et al. DAIR can still be of benefit in patients with a longer duration Lora-Tamayo et al., 201729 < 3 months Osmon et al., 20137 < 1 month < 3 weeks Ottesen et al., 201930 < 42 days Qu et al., 201931 < 3 weeks Tsang et al., 201733 < 4 weeks < 7 days Duration from index surgery is less significant Van der Ende et al., 202134 < 3 months Xu et al., 202015 < 4 weeks Zhu et al., 202118 < 1 year Duration of symptoms unreliable, especially in haematogenous infections Horriat et al.,
    keywords: acute; antibiotics; arthroplasty; dair; debridement; et al; failure; implant; infections; joint; pji; retention; score; success; surgery
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        item: #259 of 301
          id: saoj-6
      author: ESAN, O; AKINSULORE, A; YUSUF, MB; ADEGBEHINGBE, OO
       title: Assessment of emotional distress and parenting stress among parents of children with clubfoot in south-western Nigeria
        date: 2017-07-20
       words: 3765
      flesch: 54
     summary: This study has shown that parents of patients with clubfoot experience emotional distress as well as parenting stress as a result of caring for their children. There was also signif- icant positive correlation between parenting stress score and HADS depression scores of parents (r=0.285, p<0.05) (Table V).
    keywords: age; child; children; clubfoot; distress; parenting; parents; stress; study
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        item: #260 of 301
          id: saoj-601
      author: Burger, Evalina
       title: Artificial intelligence and spine surgery outcomes: the beginning of a new era
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 1606
      flesch: 60
     summary: Classifications  have been developed for many decades in order to group together cohorts of patients that have similar disease traits. Studying multiple genetic samples at the CU-Anschutz School of Medicine (SOM), we were able to determine which patients lack the enzyme to metabolise non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) due to a genetic defect, hence the  unpredictability of post-surgical kidney failure with administration of NSAIDs.
    keywords: data; figure; patients; postop
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        item: #261 of 301
          id: saoj-602
      author: Mdingi, Vuyisa S; Maré, Pieter H; Marais, Leonard C
       title: Factors associated with dissemination and complications of acute bone and joint infections in children
        date: 2023-03-23
       words: 5705
      flesch: 50
     summary: Children with acute musculoskeletal infection present on a spectrum of severity.27 Several attempts have been made to devise scoring systems to predict more severe infection. This suggests a higher incidence of musculoskeletal infections in children in South Africa when compared to the international figures.
    keywords: children; complications; days; disease; infection; median; orthop; osteomyelitis; range; study
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        item: #262 of 301
          id: saoj-604
      author: Kauta, Ntambue J; Owolabi, Eyitayo O; Salence, Bijou; Swanepoel, Stefan; Roche, Stephen; Chu, Kathryn M
       title: A survey on the educational value of an mHealth referral app for orthopaedics in South Africa
        date: 2023-03-23
       words: 3458
      flesch: 50
     summary: Methods An online, cross-sectional survey was conducted among ORG users from May to June 2021. Methods Study design, population and setting This was a cross-sectional survey conducted with ORG users from May to June 2021.
    keywords: africa; fracture; health; management; org; orthopaedic; platform; south; study; value; whatsapp
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        item: #263 of 301
          id: saoj-612
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: CPD Questionnaire (V21N03)
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 1510
      flesch: 63
     summary: There is more convincing evidence supporting the use of NSAIDs following hip surgery compared to elbow surgery D e. To maintain deformity correction after surgery D e.
    keywords: surgery
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        item: #264 of 301
          id: saoj-613
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: Remembering Prof. Roelie Gräbe (7 February 1930–4 April 2022)
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 1054
      flesch: 59
     summary: South African Orthopaedic Journal OBITUARY Page 130 SA Orthop J 2022;21(3) Remembering Prof. Roelie Gräbe (7 February 1930–4 April 2022) Roland Peter Gräbe was born in Volksrus on 7 February 1930. In August 2002, Prof. Gräbe initiated the South African Orthopaedic Journal, and was the first Editor-in-Chief, a position he held for many years.
    keywords: orthopaedic; pretoria; prof
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        item: #265 of 301
          id: saoj-615
      author: Philip, Sujith; Kgagudi, Marule P
       title: Cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma: clinical conundrum of a lower limb mass
        date: 2023-05-18
       words: 2401
      flesch: 49
     summary: Metastatic skeletal disease of the foot: case reports and literature review. Metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands: case reports and review of the literature.
    keywords: acc; adenoid; carcinoma; case; foot; patient; presentation; tumour
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        item: #266 of 301
          id: saoj-619
      author: Laney, Wezley; Naicker, Dharshen; Milner, Brenda; Omar, Shahed
       title: Analysis of orthopaedic injuries in CT pan scans of polytrauma patients at a quaternary academic hospital
        date: 2023-05-18
       words: 5409
      flesch: 59
     summary: Rather, as highlighted by Gunn et al., the decision to do a CT pan scan is based on one of three indications, these being: the mechanism of injury (MOI), the location of injury or the physical examination correlating to the injury severity score.4,6 Even with the widespread acceptance of the use of a CT pan scan in the assessment of polytrauma patients, there is a scarcity of literature evaluating the extent of orthopaedic injuries in polytrauma patients. The objectives of the study are: • To determine the prevalence of orthopaedic injuries in polytrauma patients • To identify the orthopaedic injuries sustained in polytrauma patients who underwent a CT pan scan • To evaluate the relationship between orthopaedic injuries, non- orthopaedic injuries sustained and other contributing factors (epidemiological data and mechanisms of injury)
    keywords: ct pan; fractures; hospital; injuries; injury; pan; patients; polytrauma; scan; south; study
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        item: #267 of 301
          id: saoj-62
      author: Troisi, Katherine; Ferreira, Nando
       title: Radiation exposure to orthopaedic registrars in the Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Complex
        date: 2017-08-30
       words: 3126
      flesch: 47
     summary: Conclusion: Trauma rotations appeared to produce to highest radiation exposure readings, although these were still within international safety limits. This has led to increased exposure to ionising radiation and is a potential occupational hazard to the orthopaedic registrar and accompanying theatre staff who are often under-educated and unaware of its dangers.1 Radiation exposure is classified into public, medical and occupational.2 Environmental radiation from cosmic rays, external sources and ingested radioactive materials constitute approximately 3 millisieverts (mSv) per year.3 Medical exposure constitutes the greatest source of artificial radiation; a cervical spine X-ray for example, is equivalent to 1.6 weeks of environmental radiation.4 Occupational exposure constitutes radiation exposure at the workplace and for which workers should be registered.
    keywords: exposure; orthopaedic; radiation; readings; registrars; rotations; safety; screening; surgery; trauma
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        item: #268 of 301
          id: saoj-622
      author: Nkosi, Collen S; Sefeane, Tatolo I
       title: A subungual glomus tumour of the finger with five reappearances: a rare case report
        date: 2023-03-23
       words: 2567
      flesch: 53
     summary: They account for 1–6% of all soft tissue tumours in the upper limb, particularly the hand (50–75%).2 The aetiology of the tumour is unknown.2 Because of its rarity, there is usually a significant period between the beginning of symptoms and the diagnosis.1,3 Sefeane et al. reported up to 16 years delay in diagnosis in 2013.1 Clinically, subungual glomus tumours are characterised by a classic triad of cold intolerance, localised tenderness and paroxysmal pain.3,4 Recurrences are seen in 4–15% within one year of excision.5 We present an atypical case of a patient who experienced five recurrences of a subungual glomus tumour of the finger over a period of 26 years. Subungual leiomyoma, subungual exostosis and subungual neuroma can be differentiated as subungual glomus tumours based on their clinical presentation.
    keywords: case; excision; figure; finger; glomus; recurrences; subungual; tumour
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        item: #269 of 301
          id: saoj-625
      author: Kettelkamp, Donald B
       title: Orthopaedic education - accreditation
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 3109
      flesch: 38
     summary: Orthopaedic surgery residency programmes must meet a set of spe- cial requirements which originate with the RRC but require ACGME approval. That lecture included some material on the accreditation of orthopaedic residency programmes in the United States.
    keywords: american; education; orthopaedic; programme; residency; residents; surgery
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        item: #270 of 301
          id: saoj-626
      author: Maritz, NGJ
       title: Orthopaedic surgery fellowships
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 455
      flesch: 42
     summary: For the registrars these are the reasons to take a fellowship: • Extra training in an area of special interest • Another year's experience to gain confidence • To add to one's CV For the institutions, fellowships have the following benefits: • Teaching: Because they have fewer extraneous commitments, fellows are more available and better positioned to teach regis- trars and medical students • Patient care: Fellows are able to help with the high volume of patients • Research: They are ideally situated to do the necessary research • They boost the number of physicians in academic medicine at a time when academic institutions are under great stress The disadvantages of sub-speciality fellowships include: • They may interfere with the registrars' training who may then have less opportunity to gain clinical and surgical experience • Sub-specialisation may lead to fragmentation of the Orthopaedic Association. To answer this question we have to look at the pros and cons of orthopaedic fellowships.
    keywords: orthopaedic
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        item: #271 of 301
          id: saoj-627
      author: Wade, WJ
       title: The training of registrars from a consultant's perspective
        date: 2022-09-02
       words: 1723
      flesch: 41
     summary: At Tygerberg Hospital approximately 8 hours per week is allo- cated to structured registrar teaching. The focus of registrar training should primarily be on quality edu- cation, patient care and to a certain extent, research and academic productivity which pertain to our cultural and demographic environ- ments.
    keywords: orthopaedic; registrar; teaching; training
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        item: #272 of 301
          id: saoj-63
      author: Pedowitz, DI; Kane, JM; Smith, GM; Saffel, HL; Comer, C; Raikin, SM; Adams, Samuel B; Pereira, Bruno S; Robertson, AJF
       title: Expert opinion on published articles
        date: 2017-08-30
       words: 1605
      flesch: 55
     summary: Inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in the synovial fluid after intra-articular ankle fracture Samuel B Adams et al. Foot & Ankle International, November 2015;36:1264 SAOJ Spring 2016_BU.qxp_Orthopaedics Vol3 No4 2016/08/02 14:05 Page 74 Page 76 SA Orthopaedic Journal Spring 2016 | Vol 15 • No 3 An increasing trend to treat clavicle fractures in adolescents by open reduction and internal fixation has recently been documented in the literature.1 Treatment trends in adolescent clavicle fractures.
    keywords: ankle; article; clavicle; fractures; patients
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        item: #273 of 301
          id: saoj-638
      author: Magobotha, Sebastian K
       title: Where are they now?
        date: 2022-11-10
       words: 1013
      flesch: 59
     summary: Career orthopaedic medical officer 4. We applied for more training post numbers early this year and were successful.
    keywords: orthopaedic; posts
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        item: #274 of 301
          id: saoj-642
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: Acknowledgement of reviewers
        date: 2022-11-10
       words: 434
      flesch: -9
     summary: Paediatric orthopaedics Jacques du Toit Greg Firth Anthony Robertson Pieter Mare Mari Thiart Anria Horn Katherine Troisi Paul Rollinson Robert Fraser Ruan Goller Shekar Roopan Dina Simmons Denise Potgieter Ryno du Plessis Koshy Daniel Yammesh Ramguthy Arthroplasty, hip and knee Michael Held David North Chris Snyckers Jurek Pietrzak Ponky Firer Brad Gelbart Marc Nortje Thomas Hilton Rian Smit Koos Jordaan Bryan Riemer Johan van der Merwe Adriaan van Huysteen Muhammed Majra Johan Charilou Virsen Singh Allan van Zyl Sebastian Magobotha Jan de Vos Simon Sombili Jitesh Rajpaul Johan van der Merwe Hennie Bosch Allan Sekeitto Thane Munting Laughter Lisenda Foot and ankle Nick Saragas Graham McCollum Paulo Ferrao Jos van Niekerk Fred Louw Andrew Strydom Kevin McIntyre Ian Stead Adriaan van Zyl Meghan Dares Rob Snyders Mohammed Mehtar Mark Maritz Etienne Joubert Johan van der Merwe Craig Blake Ziyaad Mayet Jacques Jonck Matthew Workman Orthopaedic oncology and infections Thomas Hilton Theo le Roux Keith Hosking Bennie Lindeque Jaco Viljoen André Olivier Phakamani Mthethwa Len Marais Luan Nieuwoudt Nando Ferreira Henrik Bauer Paul Kgagudi Walid Mugla Richard Kyte Andrew Johnston Alan Molloy Doron Frantzen Trauma and general orthopaedics Nando Ferreira Sithombo Maqungo Franz Birkholtz Luan Nieuwoudt Maritz Laubscher Len Marais Craig Brown Brian Bernstein Norrie Gibson Gian du Preez Steven Matshidza Ryno du Plessis Jeannie McCaul Megan O'Connor Stefan Swanepoel Craig Blake Will Harrison Erik Formanek Jan Rofling Rudolph Venter Philani Ntombela Danie Hugo Phillip de Lange Etienne Joubert Thivani Naidoo Shekar Roopan Gadi Epstein Tinus Bassoin Elsabe Britz Rainer Rosin Kirsty Berry Vuyisa Mdingi Sebastian Magobotha Lerato Nhlapo Research methodology and statistics Marilize Burger Len Marais Theresa Mann Hand Ajmal Ikram Duncan McGuire Antoinne Rocher Megan O’Connor Charles Serfontein Hentas van Zyl Michael Grundill Pieter Jordaan Nico Fang Cynthia Sathekga Tatolo Sefeane Spine Robert Dunn Johan Davis Gert Vlok Mthunzi Ngcelwane Ravel Ramlakan Alberto Puddu Nicolas Kruger Sanesh Miseer Yusuf Desai Marcus van Heukelum Etienne Coetzee Fred Ukunda Vuyu Gezengana Shoulder and elbow Stephen Roche Cameron Anley Phillip Webster Basil Vrettos Stadler Kirsten Leon Rajah J-P du Plessis Jan Kirsten Sean Pretorius Michael Grundill Archie Rachuene Ben Grey Sachin Baba South African Orthopaedic Journal ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF REVIEWERS Page 196 SA Orthop J 2022;21(4)
    keywords: der; johan; journal; merwe; reviewers; van
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        item: #275 of 301
          id: saoj-643
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: CPD Questionnaire (V21N04)
        date: 2022-11-10
       words: 1954
      flesch: 60
     summary: Injuries are equally observed in both motorised and manually operated gates B c. Gate falling onto the child is the most common mechanism of injury C d. The management of trauma patients does not influence the management of the non-trauma elective patients A b.
    keywords: patients; test
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        item: #276 of 301
          id: saoj-652
      author: Vrettos, Basil
       title: Communicate, collaborate and document: the pillars to avoid and manage complaints
        date: 2023-03-23
       words: 1903
      flesch: 57
     summary: Orthopaedic surgery is not exempt from this, and the SAOA has received a number of complaints from patients over the last year regarding surgeons. In other cases, patients have gone directly down the legal route and/or to the HPCSA.
    keywords: complaints; consent; patient; surgeon
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        item: #277 of 301
          id: saoj-657
      author: Bosch, Hennie
       title: Is the same calendar day hip arthroplasty for everyone or a select few?
        date: 2023-03-23
       words: 804
      flesch: 55
     summary: Same-day calendar day arthroplasty frees up more capacity and makes hip arthroplasty more economically viable for the wider population. In 2006, I started with hip arthroscopy, which was very controversial at that stage, and anterior hip arthroplasty in 2010 and fully incorporated it into my practice in 2013.
    keywords: arthroplasty; day
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        item: #278 of 301
          id: saoj-659
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: CPD Questionnaire (V22N01)
        date: 2023-03-23
       words: 1631
      flesch: 64
     summary: Recurrent glomus tumour B c. Fracture C d. Malinger D e. Osteoarthritis E Subscribers and other recipients of SAOJ visit our new CPD portal at www.mpconsulting.co.za • Register with your email address as username and MP number with seven digits as your password and then click on the icon “Journal CPD”. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. Infection A b.
    keywords: following; fractures
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        item: #279 of 301
          id: saoj-66
      author: Fraser, Dr Robert
       title: Outcomes-based evaluations of our patients: A challenge for us all
        date: 2017-08-30
       words: 769
      flesch: 55
     summary: The implementation of outcomes measurements into our practices obviously adds time and expense to our already busy schedules. The whole process should lead to better patient outcomes, which must be our primary goal.
    keywords: health; outcomes; patient
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        item: #280 of 301
          id: saoj-662
      author: Thiart, Mari; Nansook, Adisha
       title: Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis in the paediatric population: a current concepts review
        date: 2023-05-18
       words: 12005
      flesch: 45
     summary: SA Orthop J 2023;22(2) In some European studies, amoxicillin-clavulanate is widely used in low MRSA prevalent areas.68 Serrano et al. reported using amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in more than 60% of their cases as empirical oral therapy.17 South African Orthopaedic Journal CURRENT CONCEPTS REVIEW PAEDIATRIC ORTHOPAEDICS DOI 10.17159/2309-8309/2023/v22n2a5Thiart M et al.
    keywords: acute; ahom; antibiotics; arthritis; aureus; blood; bone; children; clinical; crp; culture; disease; et al; infections; j pediatr; joint; kingae; management; mri; mrsa; oral; orthop; orthop j; osteomyelitis; patients; pediatr; pediatr orthop; pediatric; review; septic; staphylococcus; treatment
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        item: #281 of 301
          id: saoj-672
      author: Dippenaar, JM
       title: The management of postoperative pain after musculoskeletal surgery – a narrative review
        date: 2023-03-23
       words: 4704
      flesch: 46
     summary: Besides the normal pain pathways, muscle pain is commonly associated with both abnormal muscle tension and trigger points.5 Understanding myofascial pain relates to these two concepts of trigger points and muscle tension (the product of viscoelastic tone and contractile activity). Other physiological mechanisms contributing to muscle pain may include (but is not limited to) increased metabolism and/or decreased perfusion in the muscle fibres contributing to ischaemia, peripheral and central sensitisation, autonomic hyperactivity as well as psychological influences.
    keywords: acute; analgesia; analysis; effect; management; meta; mma; muscle; nerve; opioid; pain; patients; review; surgery; use
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        item: #282 of 301
          id: saoj-673
      author: Office, Editorial
       title: CPD Questionnaire (V22N02)
        date: 2023-05-18
       words: 1838
      flesch: 63
     summary: Vancomycin, clindamycin or teicoplanin B c. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid or moxifloxacin C d. Options A and B D e. Options B and C E 14. SAP guidelines require the following replacement to be used in the presence of penicillin allergy: a. Cefazolin A b. Clindamycin B c. Moxifloxacin C d. Teicoplanin D e.
    keywords: fracture; noxfibra; pelvic; sandoz
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        item: #283 of 301
          id: saoj-7
      author: Horn, A; Workman, MI; Dix-peek, S; Dunn, Robert
       title: Ligamentous integrity in Spinal Cord Injury without Radiographic Abnormality (SCIWORA): a case series
        date: 2017-07-20
       words: 4069
      flesch: 48
     summary: No 2 Page 33 Introduction The clinical entity of spinal cord injury without radiographic evidence of spinal column disruption has been recognised since the 1920s.1 Materials and methods The Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) of our institution’s radiology service was searched for patients with features of spinal cord injury (SCI) on MRI but no features of instability or injury on plain films or CT scan.
    keywords: cord; evidence; injury; instability; level; mri; patients; sciwora; spinal; t2w
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        item: #284 of 301
          id: saoj-72
      author: Street, M; Ramguthy, Y; Firth, GB
       title: Do Ponseti plasters delay gross motor milestones of South African children treated for idiopathic clubfeet?
        date: 2017-08-30
       words: 2814
      flesch: 62
     summary: Methods: A retrospective review of gross motor milestones was performed in patients treated at a South African clubfoot clinic. The WHO growth reference study5 used six parameters to assess achievement of gross motor milestones in children from five different countries.
    keywords: age; children; milestones; months; motor; study; walking
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        item: #285 of 301
          id: saoj-73
      author: Dakouré, Patrick Wendpouiré Hamed; Diallo, Malick; Puente, Antonio Martinez; Ouédraogo, Souleymane; Soulama, Massadiami
       title: Traumatic simultaneous bilateral femoral neck fracture in a child: A case report
        date: 2017-08-30
       words: 3103
      flesch: 69
     summary: Key words: traumatic, child, femoral neck fracture, bilateral bone screws http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8309/2016/v15n2a10 Page 58 SA Orthopaedic Journal Winter 2016 | Vol 15 • No 2 On admission, the patient laid in supination with the two lower limbs externally rotated. 5. Gopinathan NR, Chouhan D, Akkina N and Behera P. Case report: Bilateral femoral neck fractures in a child and a rare complication of slipped capital epiphysis after internal fixation.
    keywords: n o; neck
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        item: #286 of 301
          id: saoj-74
      author: Saragas, NP; Ferrao, PNF
       title: Adult acquired flat foot deformity: The joint-preserving procedures in stage II tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction.
        date: 2017-08-30
       words: 5442
      flesch: 57
     summary: Pes planus in patients with posterior tibial tendon insufficiency: asympto- matic versus symptomatic foot. Discussion Multiple procedures have been described for the management of stage II PTT dysfunction.
    keywords: ankle; deformity; dysfunction; figure; foot; joint; lateral; medial; patients; posterior; ptt; stage; tendon; tibial
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        item: #287 of 301
          id: saoj-75
      author: Mehtar, M; Hartford, L; Firth, GB
       title: Osteomyelitis in an infant with proximal focal femoral deficiency.
        date: 2017-08-30
       words: 2262
      flesch: 52
     summary: Abstract We present the case of a 6-week-old neonate with proximal focal femoral deficiency (PFFD) complicated by osteomyelitis of the right femur with no preceding trauma or surgical intervention. He presented to the Orthopaedic Outpatient Department with a limb length discrepancy and was assessed as having proximal focal femoral deficiency classified as Group B according to the Gillespie and Torode classification and type A according to the Aitken classification.
    keywords: case; collection; deficiency; femur; hip; mri; patient; pffd
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        item: #288 of 301
          id: saoj-77
      author: Rasool, MN; Robertson, ICM; Ramokgopa, MT
       title: Expert opinion on published articles
        date: 2017-08-30
       words: 2557
      flesch: 49
     summary: The authors also note that non- union of the clavicle at this age is very rare and therefore cannot be used as an argument to justify operative treatment. Whether other selected cases will benefit from operative treatment still needs to be defined.
    keywords: elbow; fractures; nerve; patients; treatment; ulnar
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        item: #289 of 301
          id: saoj-79
      author: Ferreira, N; Marais, LC; Aldous, C
       title: The pathogenesis of tibial non-union.
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 7759
      flesch: 61
     summary: Secondary bone healing represents the most common type of fracture healing and occurs when there is some motion at the fracture site, which induces callus formation. The amount of mobility allowed depends less on the displacement of the fragments alone than on the relation of the width of the fracture gap (L) and displacement (δL); δL/L.15 Mechanical stimulation also has a direct effect on the physiology of fracture healing.
    keywords: bone; bone healing; central; development; effect; factors; fracture; fracture healing; healing; hiv; injury; non; orthop; patients; pmid; pubmed; rats; res; risk; smoking; study; surg; tibial; tissue; union
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        item: #290 of 301
          id: saoj-8
      author: Mthethwa, PG; MARAIS, LC
       title: The microbiology of chronic osteomyelitis in a developing world setting
        date: 2017-07-24
       words: 5385
      flesch: 46
     summary: Orthopaedics Vol3 No4 SA Orthopaedic Journal Winter 2017 | Vol 16 • No 2 Page 39 The microbiology of chronic osteomyelitis in a developing world setting PG Mthethwa MBBCh, H Diploma(Ortho)SA Registrar, Department of Orthopaedics, Grey’s Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal LC Marais MBChB, FC(Ortho)SA, MMed(Ortho), CIME, PhD Tumour, Sepsis and Reconstruction Unit, Department of Orthopaedics, Grey’s Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal Corresponding author: Abstract Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to identify the microorganisms that cause chronic osteomyelitis in a developing world clinical setting and to characterise the antibiotic sensitivity profile of these pathogens.
    keywords: aureus; cases; gram; hiv; infections; negative; organism; osteomyelitis; patients; post; spp; staphylococcus; status
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        item: #291 of 301
          id: saoj-81
      author: van Zyl, Adriaan
       title: Communication and perceptions
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 10
      flesch: 78
     summary: SAOJ Autumn 2017.qxp_Orthopaedics Vol3 No4 2017/02/27 7:42 PM Page 15
    keywords: saoj
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        item: #292 of 301
          id: saoj-83
      author: Held, M; Laubscher, M; von Bormann, R; Walters, J; Roche, S; Banderker, A; Navsaria, P; Nicol, A; Maqungo, S
       title: High rate of popliteal artery injuries and limb loss in 96 knee dislocations.
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 3526
      flesch: 56
     summary: Yet, it has been argued that the disruption of only two ligaments is sufficient for a knee dislocation to occur such as in dislocations with an intact posterior cruciate ligament.2 This lack of a commonly accepted definition makes a comparison of incidences of associated injuries challenging and reports of popliteal artery injuries in knee dislocations vary widely between 7% and 64%.3-8 Abstract Background: Knee dislocations are reported to have an incidence of popliteal artery injuries between 7% and 64%. Vascular lesions associated with bicruciate and knee dislocation ligamentous injury.
    keywords: artery; dislocations; injuries; injury; journal; knee; limb; patients; popliteal; vascular
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        item: #293 of 301
          id: saoj-84
      author: Adams, S; Godlwana, L; Maleka, D
       title: Changes in short-term cognitive function following a hip fracture in the elderly and the effect of cognitive function on early post-operative function.
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 3905
      flesch: 52
     summary: Cognitive function is a strong predictor of early post-operative functional outcome, when adjusted for pre-fracture functional mobility and pre-existing co-morbidities. Key words: hip fracture, elderly, cognitive function, early post-operative functional outcome, Six-Item Cognitive Impairment Test http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-8309/2016/v15n1a9 Page 78 SA Orthopaedic Journal Autumn 2016 | Vol 15 • No 1 Introduction Hip fracture is a common, serious injury that occurs predominantly in the elderly.1 Hip fractures are a major cause of morbidity and mortality and occur in 20% to 30% of older people who fall.2 Cognitive function has been reported to be an important prognostic factor associated with rehabilitation success of older patients with a hip fracture.
    keywords: discharge; fracture; function; outcome; participants; patients; post; study; weeks
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        item: #294 of 301
          id: saoj-85
      author: O'Farrell, P; Ferreira, N
       title: Digital photography in orthopaedics: Ethical considerations
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 2693
      flesch: 50
     summary: Images saved for these purposes must be accompanied by duly documented informed consent that includes their use in research or publication in peer-reviewed journals.10 Taking consent for clinical images was identified as the area that needs the most education and behaviour modification. No respondents reported uploading clinical images to Facebook, Twitter, Instagram or Pinterest.
    keywords: care; consent; digital; images; orthopaedic; patient; respondents; use
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        item: #295 of 301
          id: saoj-87
      author: Ngcelwane, Mthunzi
       title: Expanding the orthopaedic training programme to improve the management of lower extremity trauma
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 1457
      flesch: 65
     summary: What makes plastic surgeons even more important is that the soft tissue cover often requires continued supervision. Recognising the value of plastic surgeons in managing these injuries has resulted in some countries forming orthoplastic centres.2
    keywords: orthopaedic; plastic; surgeons; tissue
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        item: #296 of 301
          id: saoj-88
      author: Raubenheimer, EJ; Hendrik, HD
       title: Cell signalling and bone remodelling: The skeleton as an endocrine relay organ - Part 1
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 3436
      flesch: 43
     summary: Carboxylated osteocalcin released by osteoblasts increases the affinity of the protein matrix for minerals.22 Bone sialoprotein production by osteo- clasts is facilitated by mechanical stress and stimulates osteoblast-induced growth of the hydroxyapatite crystal.22 Osteopontin, a non-collagenous protein deposited in the matrix of bone by osteoblasts, provides a direct mechanical link (through the cell surface receptor integrin) with the cytoskeleton of bone cells. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) released by bone cells and elaborated during bone resorption binds to Klotho-FGF23R1 receptors in the renal tubules, induces phosphaturia and decreases vit D3 synthesis,36 thus regulating Ca2+ and P homeostasis.
    keywords: bone; cells; osteoblasts; page; production; receptors; remodelling; signalling; skeleton; summer
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        item: #297 of 301
          id: saoj-90
      author: Grey, B; Oosthuizen, G; Rodseth, R
       title: Subclinical hypoperfusion in trauma patients and its influence on surgical fracture fixation: Systematic review and meta-analysis
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 5657
      flesch: 53
     summary: When surgical fracture fixation was performed, we compared the incidence of post- operative ventilation, respiratory complications and infective complications in SCH patients to patients without SCH. Third, to determine the impact of SCH on patients who sub- sequently underwent surgical fracture fixation, we compared the incidence of ventilatory requirement, respiratory complications, and infective complications in SCH patients who underwent surgery to those patients without SCH who underwent surgery.
    keywords: analysis; complications; hypoperfusion; lactate; occult; patients; rate; sch; shock; studies; study; trauma
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        item: #298 of 301
          id: saoj-94
      author: Pretorius, JL; Rollinson, P; Rasool, MN
       title: Outcome of displaced supracondylar fractures in children after manipulation and backslab
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 4721
      flesch: 58
     summary: Deformity and functional outcome after treatment for supracondylar humerus fractures in children: a 5- to 10- year follow-up of 139 supracondylar humerus fractures treated by plaster cast, skeletal traction or crossed wire fixation. Dormans JP, Squillante R, Sharf H. Acute neurovascular complications with supracondylar humerus fractures in children.
    keywords: children; fractures; gartland; humerus; iii; motion; patients; reduction; results; supracondylar
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        item: #299 of 301
          id: saoj-95
      author: Fleming, MA; Westgarth-Taylor, T; Candy, S; Dunn, R
       title: How does pre-reduction MRI affect surgeons' behaviour when reducing distraction-flexion (dislocation) injuries of the cervical spine?
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 2843
      flesch: 53
     summary: Although we have little influence over the primary injury, we can improve outcome by limiting the secondary effects of ongoing compression and physiological circum- stances which lead to ischemia and cellular changes of the cord.1,2 Animal models confirm that persistent cord compression has time-related adverse effects on the ability to recover.2,3 Clinical benefit has been demonstrated with cervical reduction performed earlier than 24 hours following injury.4 The safety of closed reduction has been questioned with sporadic case reports of secondary cord injury occurring with unrecognised cervical disc prolapse.5-9 Eismont and Green concluded that pre-reduction MRI will identify cervical disc prolapse thus allowing the surgeon to avoid secondary cord injury during reduction. These factors may result in delay to cervical reduction with possible reduced neurological outcome.
    keywords: closed; cord; disc; injury; mri; patients; reduction; risk; spine
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        item: #300 of 301
          id: saoj-97
      author: Horn, A; McCollum, GA
       title: Achilles tendinopathy Part 2: Surgical management
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 3332
      flesch: 54
     summary: Three patients in this series required re-operation.19 Maffulli, in an age-matched series comparing men and women, found that women had significantly worse outcomes following surgery and were far less likely to return to their previous level of activity, regardless of whether or not they were physically active prior to surgery.20 The complication rate for open Achilles tendon surgery is reported to be as high as 10%, with 25% of these being major complications.9 (Major and minor complications are listed in Table I.) Risk factors for developing complications are increased age, pre-operative steroid injections, poor attention to haemostasis intra- operatively, undermining of the skin edges and excessive stripping of the paratenon.9,17 Gastrocnemius recession The concept of gastrocnemius lengthening for the treatment of resistant Achilles tendinopathy was first suggested by Duthon et al.21 in 2003. A tendon turndown flap can be fashioned by dissecting out one or two strips of Achilles tendon proximally at the musculotendinous junction.
    keywords: achilles; chronic; patients; surgery; tendinopathy; tendon; treatment
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        item: #301 of 301
          id: saoj-98
      author: Reddy, P; McCollum, GA
       title: The accessory soleus muscle causing tibial nerve compression neuropathy: A case report
        date: 2017-08-31
       words: 2041
      flesch: 51
     summary: High association between accessory soleus muscle and Achilles tendonopathy. Accessory soleus muscle: a case report and review of the literature.
    keywords: accessory; ankle; foot; muscle; page; report; soleus
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