inside front cover-24-1.pmd EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Chief Marco Nemesio E. Montaño, PhD Associate Editors Ma. Patricia V. Azanza, PhD Food Science & Nutrition Jose Maria P. Balmaceda, PhD Mathematics Zubaida U. Basiao, PhD Biology Carlos Primo C. David, PhD Earth Sciences Joel Joseph S. Marciano, Jr., PhD Computer Science, Engineering Giovanni A. Tapang, PhD Physics Irene M. Villaseñor, PhD Chemistry Managing Editor Violeda A. Umali, PhD Editorial Assistant Dercylis G. Mararac SCIENCE DILIMAN (ISSN 0115-7809) is published bi-annually by the University of the Philippines Diliman through the Office of the Vice- Chancellor for Research and Development (OVCRD). Address all communications to the Editor-in-Chief, SCIENCE DILIMAN, Research Dissemination and Utilization Office, Office of the Vice-Chancellor for Research and Development, Lower Ground Floor, Phivolcs Bldg., C. P. Garcia Ave., University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines. Subscription Rates: P500.00/year (two issues), inclusive of postage US$50.00/year (two issues), inclusive of postage Tel. No: (632) 981-85-00 loc. 4048 (632) 436-87-20 TelFax: (632) 927-2568 E-mail: rduo.ovcrd@up.edu.ph rduo.ovcrd2012@gmail.com Website: http://www.ovcrd.upd.edu.ph SCIENCE DILIMAN A Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences EDITORIAL ADVISORS Rigoberto C. Advincula, PhD Department of Chemistry University of Houston radvincula@uh.edu Alfonso M. Albano, PhD Department of Physics Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania aalbano@brynmawr.edu Kenneth Buckel, PhD Food Science and Technology Group School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia k.buckle@unsw.edu.au Jose B. Cruz, PhD Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ohio State University cruz@ece.osu.edu. Flor Crisanta F. Galvez, PhD Quality Assurance & Technical Manager Kerry Ingredients and Flavours (Americas Region) 7989-82nd St., Delta, VC V4G 1L7, Canada ffgalvez1@yahoo.com Victor C. Gavino, PhD Department of Nutrition University of Montreal, Canada victor.gavino@umontreal.ca Kelvin S. Rodolfo, PhD Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois krodolfo@uic.edu Rudolf A. Roemer, PhD Centre for Scientific Computing and Department of Physics University of Warwick r.roemer@warwick.ac.uk Luis G. Sison, PhD Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute University of the Philippines Diliman luis.sison@up.edu.ph Raul K. Suarez, PhD Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology University of California, Sta. Barbara suarez@lifesci.ucsb.edu Abalone are herbivorous marine gastropods and are nocturnal – that is, they hide during the day amongst rocks and at night time, they go out in search of food. Its fishery provides a significant source of employment and income to coastal people. From a socio- economic perspective, the long-term sustainability of abalone fisheries is of great importance. Unfortunately, abalone stocks have been overfished in many areas where they are found as a result of ever-increasing market demand, uncontrolled exploitation and/or inadequate or lack of fisheries management. One possible option for resource management is to educate local fishers to develop a corps of local resource managers who would promote sustainable fishing practices and conservation of this valuable resource (see Capinpin, this issue). Photo courtesy of E.C. Capinpin, Jr. Contents of this journal may not be reproduced without the publisher’s written permission except for fair use, i.e., for personal, educational and research purposes, in accordance with Copyright law. Reprinting and re-publication in any other journal or compilation is likewise prohibited except as provided in the Copyright Agreement when the author reprints his/her article for inclusion in any publication where he/she is the author or editor, subject to giving proper credit to the original publication of the article in the journal. COVER PHOTO