inside front cover-23-2.pmd EDITORIAL BOARD Editor-in-Chief Marco Nemesio E. Montaño, Ph.D. Associate Editors Ma. Patricia V. Azanza, Ph.D. Food Science & Nutrition Jose Maria P. Balmaceda, Ph.D. Mathematics Zubaida U. Basiao, Ph.D. Biology Carlos Primo C. David, Ph.D. Earth Sciences Joel Joseph S. Marciano, Jr., Ph.D. Computer Science, Engineering Giovanni A. Tapang, Ph.D. Physics Irene M. Villaseñor, Ph.D. Chemistry Violeda A. Umali, Ph.D. Director, RDUO Corazon D. Villareal, Ph.D. Managing Editor Dercylis G. Mararac Editorial Assistant SCIENCE DILIMAN (ISSN 0115-7809) is published bi-annually by the Research Dissemination and Utilization Office (RDUO) of the Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Development (OVCRD), University of the Philippines Diliman. Address all communications to the Editor in Chief, SCIENCE DILIMAN, Research Dissemination and Utilization Office, Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research and Development, Lower Ground Floor, Phivolcs Bldg., C. P. Garcia Ave., University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines. Subscription Rates: P300.00/year (two issues), exclusive of postage US$ 25.00/year (two issues), exclusive of postage Tel. No: (632) 981-85-00 loc. 4048 (632) 436-87-20 TelFax: (632) 927-2568 E-mail: rduo.ovcrd@up.edu.ph Website: http://www.ovcrd.upd.edu.ph SCIENCE DILIMAN A Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences EDITORIAL ADVISORS Rigoberto C. Advincula, PhD. Dept. of Chemistry University of Houston radvincula@uh.edu Alfonso M. Albano, PhD. Dept. of Physics Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania aalbano@brynmawr.edu Jose B. Cruz, PhD. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ohio State University cruz@ece.osu.edu. Victor C. Gavino, PhD. Dept. of Nutrition University of Montreal, Canada victor.gavino@umontreal.ca Kelvin S. Rodolfo, PhD. Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois krodolfo@uic.edu Rudolf A. Roemer, PhD. Centre for Scientific Computing and Dept. of Physics University of Warwick r.roemer@warwick.ac.uk Luis G. Sison, PhD. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Institute University of the Philippines, Diliman luis.sison@up.edu.ph Raul K. Suarez, PhD. Dept. of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology University of California, Sta. Barbara suarez@lifesci.ucsb.edu COVER PHOTO “Samples of each morphotype of P. grandiflora (Hook). (a.1.) Double Orange Petal, (b.1.) Single Pink Petal (c.1.), Double Pink Petal (d.1.), Double Pink-White Petal (e.1.), Single Yellow Petal (a.2.), Double Orange Sepal (b.2.), Single Pink Sepal (c.2.), Double Pink Sepal (d.2.), Double Pink-White Sepal (e.2.),Single Yellow Sepal (a.3.), Double Orange Leaf (b.3.), Single Pink Leaf (c.3.), Double Pink Leaf (d.3.), Double Pink-White Leaf (e.3.),Single Yellow Leaf. Figure was taken from Cao et al. p. 41-53 of this issue.” Contents of this journal may not be reproduced without the publisher’s written permission except for fair use, i.e., for personal, educational and research purposes, in accordance with Copyright law. Reprinting and re-publication in any other journal or compilation is likewise prohibited except as provided in the Copyright Agreement when the author reprints his/her article for inclusion in any publication where he/she is the author or editor, subject to giving proper credit to the original publication of the article in the journal.