3layman'sabstracts.pmd Layman’s Abstracts 1 SCIENCE DILIMAN (JULY-DECEMBER 2018) 30:2, 1-3 LAYMAN’S ABSTRACTS Survival and Growth of Re-attached Storm-generated Coral Fragments Post Super-typhoon Haiyan (a.k.a. Yolanda) Jonathan A. Anticamara and Barron Cedric A. Tan ISSN 0115-7809 Print / ISSN 2012-0818 Online After super-typhoon Haiyan (a.k.a. Yolanda) hit Eastern Samar, many of the coral reefs in the area were devastated due the strong waves and c u r r e n t b r o u g h t a b o u t b y t h e s t o r m . I n f a c t , s o m e o f t h e s h a l l o w branching coral reefs were broken into pieces and in some areas vast expanse of reefs were transformed i n to co r a l r u b b l e o r f r a g m e n t s . To h e l p r e v i v e a n d r e c o v e r s o m e o f t h e d y i n g c o r a l f r a g m e n t s , w e r e - a t t a c h ed t h o s e t h a t a r e s t i l l a l i v e o n t o s t u r d y s u b s t r a t e ( e . g . , d e a d massive corals) using concrete nails and cable ties. We monitored the survival and growth of these re-attached coral fragments for about a year and we found that most of these fragments star ted to cement (i.e. , bio-mineralize) themselves onto the substrate and survived. In addition, w e f o u n d t h a t m a n y o f t h e s p e c i e s t h a t w e r e - a t t a c h e d s h o w e d f a s t g r o w t h r a t e s . T h e s e r e s u l t s p r o v i d e h o p e a n d a f f o r d a b l e s o l u t i o n f o r a c t i ve r ecove r y of s to r m - d ev a s t a ted r e e f s . We r eco m m e n d t h a t Lo c a l Government Units invest in active recovery of degraded coral reefs using t e c h n i q u e s d e m o n s t r a t e d i n t h i s s t u d y i n o r d e r t o p r e v e n t t h e l o c a l extinction of many reef f ishes that are dependent on live coral cover for food and habitat. Short-term Assessment of Phytoplankton Composition and Abundance in Cebu and Subic Bay Por ts, Phil ippines Nero M. Austero and Rhodora V. Azanza In May 2015 and July 2015, two major ports in the country were evaluated for composition and abundance of marine diatoms and dinoflagellates. F o r t h e M a y 2 0 1 5 s a m p l i n g , t h e d i a t o m s P s e u d o - n i t s z c h i a s p p . a n d Chaetoceros spp. were the most abundant in Cebu International Port (CIP) and in the Naval Supply Depot (NSD), respectively. Moreover, diatoms like Layman’s Abstracts 2 T h a l a s s i o n e m a s p p . a n d L e p t o c y l i n d r u s s p p . a l s o r e c o r d e d h i g h c e l l d e n s i t i e s i n N S D Te r m i n a l i n J u l y 2 0 1 5 . O t h e r m i c r o a l g a e o b s e r v ed i n c l u d e d i a t o m s l i ke Co s c i n o d i s c u s s p p . , N i t z s c h i a s p p. , a n d P s e u d o - nitzschia spp. , and dinoflagellates, such as Ceratium spp. , Ceratium furca, Gonyaulax spp. , Gymnod inium spp. , Lingul ud inium spp. , Phalacroma spp. , Prorocentrum micans, Prorocentrum spp. ,and Dinophysis caudata. The results o f t h i s s t u d y c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f b a s e l i n e d a t a f o r phytoplankton composition and abundance, which are necessary for the identif ication of potentially toxic/harmful microalgae which pose risks of ballast water inclusion and transport. Polyelectrolyte Complex of Chitosan and -Carrageenan as Potential Scaffold for T issue Engineering Soma Chakrabor ty, Kristina Angel ica M. Yatco, Edward King Lim Chua and Modesto T. Chua S c a f f o l d s a r e s u p p o r t s t h a t a r e e x p e c t e d t o a i d i n c e l l g r o w t h i n s i d e the body to facilitate the healing process of fractured bones or any other ruptured tissue. They should be nontoxic, have suff icient space within (porous) to allow the cells to expand, and should not collapse during the growth of the cells. They should undergo degradation inside the body once optimal cell growth takes place. In this study, two biopolymers, namely chitosan (can be extracted from t h e s h e l l o f c r u s t a c e a n s ) a n d c a r r a g e e n a n ( c a n b e o b t a i n e d f r o m r e d s e a w e e d s ) , w e r e u s e d t o m a k e t h e s c a f f o l d s . T h e t w o p o l y m e r c h a i n s we r e a l l owed to fo r m a co m p l ex w i t h e a c h o t h e r, a n d t h e i r p o s i t i o n s w e r e l o c k e d b y t e t h e r i n g ( c r o s s l i n k i n g ) t h e c a r r a g e e n a n c h a i n s w i t h calcium chloride. The scaffolds were further strengthened through the addition of nano-size hydroxyapatite (a fortifying component of bones). T h e r e s u l t i n g s c a f f o l d s w e r e p o r o u s w i t h d e s i r a b l e s t r e n g t h , a n d underwent very slow degradation under human physiological conditions while providing suff icient time for promoting cell growth. Overall, the system has the potential to heal bones and damaged tissues. κκκκκ Layman’s Abstracts 3 Fuzzy on Ideal Sets and a Fuzzy on Ideal Hahn-Banach Theorem Lezel N. Mernilo-Tutanes and Randy L. Caga-anan In set theory, an ideal is a collection of sets that are considered to be small or negligible. On the other hand, a fuzzy set is a class of objects that can be used to mathematically represent uncertainty and to provide a formal tool to deal with imprecisions present in many problems. We u s e i d e a l s t o d e f i n e f u z z y o n i d e a l s e t s , w h i c h c a n b e s e e n a s a g e n e r a l i z a t i o n o f t h e f u z z y s e t s . W e e s t a b l i s h s o m e o f t h e b a s i c properties. We also state and prove an extension theorem involving fuzzy on ideal sets. Prel iminary Development of Thoron Exposure System in the Phil ippines Kazuki Iwaoka, Lorna Jean H. Palad, El iza B. Enriquez, Fe M. dela Cruz, Christopher O. Mendoza, Masahiro Hosoda, Shinji Tokonami, Juanario U. Ol ivares, Ryan Joseph Aniago and Christian L. dela Sada The influence of 220Rn (thoron) which is a gaseous radioisotope like 222Rn ( r a d o n ) h a s b e e n t h e f o c u s o f a t t e n t i o n o f r e c e n t s t u d i e s c o n c e r n i n g the protection of the general public from natural radiation. Hence, it is n e c e s s a r y t o i n v e s t i g a t e t h e p o s s i b i l i t y o f e x p o s u r e t o t h o r o n i n t h e P h i l i p p i n e s . Pa s s i ve d e tecto r s , w h i c h d o n o t n eed exte r n a l p owe r, a r e o f t e n u s e d f o r m e a s u r e m e n t s f o r t h o r o n c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n t h e environment . However, it is necessary to check if the passive detectors can appropriately work by being exposed to thoron at several thoron concentrations before conducting the investigation. In this study, a thoron exposure system was developed in the Philippines to validate the passive d e t e c t o r s f o r t h o r o n m e a s u r e m e n t a n d t o t e s t i t s p e r f o r m a n c e . T h e thoron exposure system in this study can control the thoron concentration at the range of 5.9 x 104 to 1.5 x 105 Bq m”3. The thoron exposure system will be utilized to validate the passive detectors for the investigation of thoron exposure in the Philippines in the future.