Dermatology professionals, even prior to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, have identified that the use 
of prolonged PPE (i.e. masks, gloves, and gowns) is associated with high rates of various adverse skin reactions (ASRs).1 
Recently, ASRs incidence has been reported to range from 61% to 95% and with current CDC hygiene recommendations 
regarding hand washing and using a 60%-95% alcohol-based hand rub, it is expected to see skin damage.2,3 Characteristics 
most often include dryness, redness, itching, disease flares, and associated risk factors depending on the type of PPE (Table 1). 
With the size and scope of the current pandemic, the healthcare community is most susceptible to these ASRs and are often 
the ones who first seek treatment. 

Table 1: Clinical Symptoms following prolonged use of PPE1

SYNOPSIS

Type of PPE Used Symptom Identified

N95 Mask

Gown

Acne • Itch •  Rash •  Pigmentation •  Scar/Redness at nosebridge •  Dry Skin •  Wheals
Increased Pore Size •  Peeling Nose/Runny Nose •  Worsened Asthma
Dry Skin • Itch •  Rash •  Wheals

RESULTS

PRESENTATION: 30-year-old female nurse 
noticed a hand rash following PPE attire (repeat-
ed gloves) The rash became erythematous itchy 
scales with painful blistering and fissuring. Prior 
failed treatments included: variety of over-the-
counter ointment and creams utilized for weeks, 
mometasone and tacrolimus - all of which provided 
no relief.  

2-WEEKS: The patient was given clobetasol for 
2 weeks once daily and EpiCeram, a skin barrier 
repair emulsion containing ceramides, conjugated 
linoleic acid, and cholesterol (as a 3:1:1 ratio) in 
an emollient base, once to twice daily as a step-
up therapy. The patient stated improvement in 
pain, blistering, and fissuring within 2 to 3 days 
of use.  A few days later, the itching and erythema 
also began to improve.

MAINTENANCE PHASE (6MONTHS): 
The patient continues to use skin barrier repair 
emulsion daily as a preventative measure after 
each hand wash and reports no further PPE 
associated skin irritation on her hands and has 
incorporated lifestyle changes (i.e. chemical free 
soaps and detergents). 

Step-up Therapy with Skin Barrier Repair Emulsion in Personal Protective Equipment 
(PPE) Associated Adverse Skin Reactions during the COVID-19 Pandemic 

Itch •  Rash

Katlyn Anderson, PA-C Arkansas Dermatology and Skin Cancer Center, Little Rock, AR

OBJECTIVE
EpiCeram is a skin barrier repair emulsion containing ceramides, conjugated linoleic acid, and cholesterol (as a 3:1:1 ratio) 
in an emollient base. Lipid-based barrier repair therapy, if comprised of the 3 key stratum corneum lipids, in sufficient quantities 
and at an appropriate molar ratio, may have the potential to correct the barrier abnormality and reduce inflammation in a 
variety of dermatoses.4

The aim was to identify individual cases of PPE associated ASRs in healthcare workers and evaluate the step-up therapy 
and maintenance use of a lipid based barrier repair therapy.

Gloves

CONCLUSIONS

Step-up and maintenance therapy with a 3:1:1 skin barrier repair emulsion 
was associated with improved outcomes in PPE associated skin irritation on 
the hands. As COVID-19 has enhanced a focus on proper hygiene and PPE, 

ASRs are likely to become more prevalent not only in the healthcare 
community but at some point will move towards frontline workers, in general. 

It is therefore important to re-evaluate and evolve approaches in the 
prevention, treatment, and maintenance of PPE associated ASRs.  Further 

well controlled analyses are needed to elucidate the findings of this case report.

METHODS
This patient case report reviews the signs, 
symptoms, diagnostic work-up, treatment, and 
follow up of a 30-year old female nurse working 
in Allergy and Asthma.

DISCLOSURES
Katlyn Anderson is a paid consultant to 
Primus Pharmaceuticals.

REFERENCES
1.Foo CC, Goon A, Leow YH, et al. Adverse skin reactions to personal protective equipment against 
severe acute respiratory syndrome – a descriptive study in Singapore. Contact Dermatitis 2006: 55: 
291–294 2.Hu K, Fan J, Li X, Gou X, Li X, Zhou X. The adverse skin reactions of health care workers 
using personal protective equipment for COVID-19. Medicine 2020;99:24(e20603) 3.Centers for 
Disease Control and Prevention. Hand Hygiene Recommendations Guidance for Healthcare Providers 
about Hand Hygiene and COVID-19. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/hand-hygiene.
html. Accessed 21 Sept 2020 4.Elias PM, Wakefield JS, Man M. Moisturizers versus Current and 
Next-Generation Barrier Repair Therapy for the Management of Atopic Dermatitis. Skin Pharmacol 
Physiol 2019;32:1–7