Open access journal: http://periodicos.uefs.br/index.php/sociobiology
ISSN: 0361-6525

DOI: 10.13102/sociobiology.v69i3.8151Sociobiology 69(3): e8151 (September, 2022)

Introduction

Hymenoptera is one of the most diverse insect orders 
with more than 150,000 described species (Aguiar et al., 
2013). Members of this group are known for their important 
ecological role as pollinators and regulators of arthropods 
populations through parasitism and predation (Michez et 
al., 2019). The hymenopteran pollinators belong mainly to 
the superfamily Anthophila which has a crucial role in the 
reproduction of most flowering plants. For example, 70% of 
cultivated plants worldwide directly depend on the Anthophila 
(Apoidea) (Klein et al., 2007).

Anthophila is represented worldwide by more than 
20,000 described species belonging to seven families 
(Michener, 2007; Ascher & Pickering, 2021). Despite its 
diversity and its significance in the biodiversity and the 

Abstract  
Based on a review of the available literature, the state of the art and a checklist 
of the fauna of the Apidae family of Tunisia is presented. The first list of the 
species of the family is given. 184 species and subspecies belonging to 19 
genera, 12 tribes and three subfamilies were listed. Distribution of recorded 
taxa from Tunisia and from the world is provided. Apinae is the subfamily with 
the highest species richness with 89 species. Nomada has the highest number 
of species represented by 62 taxa. The Tunisian East center is the least species-
diversified regions with only 16 species and subspecies reported so far. Five 
species are endemic to Tunisian fauna. Eight Nomada and one Anthophora 
species were collected from Tunisia, but their identity should be re-confirmed. 
The presence of Thyreomelecta sibirica (Radoszkowski, 1893) in Tunisia is 
doubtful and a re-examination and confirmation are needed.

Sociobiology
An international journal on social insects

Hassib Ben Khedher, Mohamed Braham, Ikbal Chaieb

Article History

Edited by
Felipe Vivallo, Museu Nacional, Brazil
Received                        28 April 2022
Initial acceptance      23 May 2022
Final acceptance      15 August 2022
Publication date           07 September 2022 

Keywords 
Apidae, distribution, fauna-checklist, 
Hymenoptera, Tunisia.

Corresponding author 
Hassib Ben Khedher
Research Laboratory LR21AGR03
Regional Research Center for Horticulture 
and Organic Agriculture (CRRHAB)
Chott Meriem, Sousse University, 4042 
Sousse-Tunisia. 
E-Mail: benkhedherhassib@gmail.com 

terrestrial ecosystems, studies on this group, particularly 
within Apidae, are scarce in Tunisia. Most species records in 
Tunisian ecosystem were outdated (Schulthess, 1924; Dusmet 
& Alonso, 1928, 1932; Daly, 1983; Sonet & Jacob-Remacle, 
1987). Luckily, during the last years have been conducted 
some studies focusing on pollination of wild and cultivated 
plants (Rjiba, 2014; Chouchaine, 2015; Ben Abdelkader et al., 
2020). Some records of species belonging to Apidae were 
cited by Chouchaine (2015) which reported 10 genera of 
Apidae, indicating the genus Eucera with a high number of 
species. Also, Rjiba (2014) reported the presence of Nomada, 
Eucera and Anthophora in Sousse and Bizerte provinces. The 
study conducted by Ben Abdelkader et al. (2020) in Northern 
Tunisia (Goubellat, Beja province) indicated the presence of 
two families of bees, Apidae represented by Apis mellifera 
Linnaeus, 1758 and Megachilidae represented by Megachile sp.  

Research Laboratory LR21AGR03, Regional Research Center for Horticulture and Organic Agriculture (CRRHAB) at Chott Meriem, Sousse 
University, Sousse, Tunisia

RESEARCH ARTICLE - BEES

The State of the Art of the Tunisian Apidae Fauna (Hymenoptera: Anthophila)



Hassib Ben Khedher, Mohamed Braham, Ikbal Chaib – Tunisian Apidae Fauna (Hymenoptera: Anthophila)2

These studies are still seldom and do not determine the 
complete identity of captured specimens, in addition to have 
been carried out on a regional scale, not covering the entire 
country. 

Here in, we provide an up to date list based on the 
screening of different literature review on the occurrence of 
species of Apidae recorded in Tunisia. 

 Materials and Methods

Available data existing in old and recent literature 
about Apidae family in Tunisia (Fig 1) were examined 
and summarized in a list as follows: for each species or 
subspecies, its valid name followed by the reference to its 
original description and its distribution in Tunisia and in 
the world were given. The classification and nomenclature 
follow Michener (2007) with some updates, as the case of the 
genus Tetraloniella Ashmead, 1900 which was synonymized 
under Tetralonia Spinola, 1838 by Michener (2007) and 
subsequently treated as a junior synonym of Eucera by Dorchin 
et al. (2018). General distribution follows mainly Ascher 

and Pickering (2021). Species and subspecies within genera 
were ordered alphabetically. References of the distribution 
in Tunisia in published data were provided chronologically 
from the oldest to the most recent. “No specific locality” was 
mentioned when no reference about the excat location have 
been provided. 

Abbreviations used in the list are: M.R.: Main Road; 
S.R.: Secondary Road; N: North; S: South; E: East; SE: 
Southeast; SW: Southwest; NW: Northwest and km: Kilometer.

Results

In this study and based on published data a total of 
184 species and subspecies belonging to 19 genera, 12 tribes 
and three subfamilies of Apidae are recorded in Tunisia. The 
most species-rich subfamilies were Apinae (89 species; 10 
genera; six tribes), Nomadinae (81 species; seven genera; 
four tribes) and Xylocopinae (14 species; two genera; two 
tribes). The most diverse genus is Nomada with 62 species, 
followed by Eucera and Anthophora with 33 and 26 species, 
respectively (Fig 2). 

Fig 1. Provinces of Tunisia: 1. Bizerte; 2. Mannouba; 3. Ariana 4. Ben Arous; 5. Zaghouan; 6. Tunis; 7. Nabeul; 8. 
Beja; 9. Jendouba; 10. Le Kef; 11. Siliana; 12. Sousse; 13. Monastir; 14. Mahdia; 15. Sfax; 16. Kairouan; 17. Sidi 
Bouzid; 18. Kasserine; 19. Gabes; 20. Medenine; 21. Gafsa; 22. Tozeur; 23. Kebili; 24. Tataouine.



Sociobiology 69(3): e8151 (September, 2022) 3

Subfamily: Apinae Latreille, 1802
Tribe: Anthophorini Dahlbom, 1835
Genus: Amegilla Friese, 1897
Amegilla (Amegilla) ochroleuca (Pérez, 1879)
Anthophora ochroleuca Pérez, 1879. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: France, Greece, Italy, Morocco, 
Russia, Tunisia, and Ukraine (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Amegilla (Amegilla) quadrifasciata (de Villers, 1789)
Apis quadrifasciata de Villers, 1789. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Ben Arous (Hammam Lif), Gafsa, 
Kairouan, Kasserine (Sbeitla), Sfax (Schulthess, 1924 as 
Anthophora quadrifasciata); Sousse (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).   
General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Austria, Bulgaria, 
Myanmar, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, 
Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, 
Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Libya, Luxemburg, Malta, 
Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, 
Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, 
Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, 
Ukraine, and Uzbekistan (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Amegilla (Micramegilla) andresi (Friese, 1914)
Anthophora andresi Friese, 1914. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Gabes (Schwarz & Gusentleiner, 2001).
General distribution: Egypt, Israel, Libya, Morocco, Portugal, 
Spain, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Amegilla (Micramegilla) fasciata (Fabricius, 1775)
Apis fasciata Fabricius, 1775.
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).

General distribution: Egypt, France, Italy, Libya, Morocco, 
Portugal, Spain, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Amegilla (Zebramegilla) albigena (Lepeletier, 1841)
Anthophora albigena Lepeletier, 1841. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Sfax (Schulthess, 1924 as Anthophora 
albigena); Le Kef (Ascher & Pickering, 2021). 
General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Austria, Bulgaria, 
Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Georgia, Greece, 
Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, 
Macedonia, Malta, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Russia, 
Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, 
Turkey, and Ukraine (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Amegilla marqueti (Pérez, 1895)
Anthophora marqueti Pérez, 1895. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tozeur (Schulthess, 1924 as 
Anthophora marqueti).
General distribution: North Africa (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
Genus: Anthophora Latreille, 1803

Anthophora (Anthophora) canescens Brullé, 1832
Anthophora canescens Brullé, 1832. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kairouan (Schulthess, 1924 as 
Anthophora nigrocincta); Ariana, Tunis (Ascher & Pickering, 
2021). 
General distribution: Algeria, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, 
Greece, Israel, Italy, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and 
Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021). 

Anthophora (Anthophora) crinipes Smith, 1854
Anthophora crinipes Smith, 1854. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).

Fig 2. Apidae species number per genus in Tunisia.



Hassib Ben Khedher, Mohamed Braham, Ikbal Chaib – Tunisian Apidae Fauna (Hymenoptera: Anthophila)4

General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech 
Republic, Egypt, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iran, 
Iraq, Israel, Italy, Hungary, Kyrgyzstan, Morocco, Portugal, 
Romania, Russia, Spain, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, 
Tunisia, Turkey, and Ukraine (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora (Anthophora) fulvitarsis Brullé, 1832
Anthophora fulvitarsis Brullé, 1832. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Austria, China, France, Georgia, 
Germany, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Morocco, 
Pakistan, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, 
Ukraine, and Uzbekistan (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora (Anthophora) plumipes (Pallas, 1772)
Apis plumipes Pallas, 1772. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Zaghouan (Thuburbo Majus ruins, 
2 km N Al Fahs) (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Afghanistan, Azerbaijan, Belarus, 
China, Cyprus, Czek Republic, Denmark, England, Finland, 
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, 
Lithuania, Morocco, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Syria, 
Tunisia, and Turkey (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora (Anthophora) senescens Lepeletier, 1841
Anthophora senescens Lepeletier, 1841. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kairouan, Kasserine (Sbeitla), 
Tunis (Carthage) (Schulthess, 1924); Medenine (Zarzis) 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021). 
General distribution: Algeria, China, France, Israel, Italy, 
Morocco, Spain, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora (Caranthophora) pubescens (Fabricius, 1781)
Anthophora pubescens Fabricius, 1781. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Gafsa, Kasserine (Sbeitla) 
(Schulthess, 1924).  
General distribution: China, Germany, Israel, Morocco, 
Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Tunisia, and Ukraine 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora (Heliophila) bimaculata (Panzer, 1798)
Apis bimaculata Panzer, 1798. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Sfax, Kairouan (Schulthess, 1924).
General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Bulgaria, China, 
Croatia, Czech Republic, England, Estonia, France, Georgia, 
Germany, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, 
Kyrgyzstan, Libya, Lithuania, Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, 
Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, 
Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, and Turkmenistan (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora (Heliophila) humilis (Spinola, 1838)
Saropoda humilis Spinola, 1838. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tozeur (Schulthess, 1924 as 
Anthophora albocinerea).

General distribution: Algeria, Egypt (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora (Lophanthophora) dispar Lepeletier, 1841
Anthophora dispar Lepeletier, 1841. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Carthage) (Schulthess, 
1924); Medenine (Zarzis), Tunis (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Egypt, France, Germany, 
Israel, Italy, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Syria, 
and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora (Lophanthophora) hispanica (Fabricius, 1787)
Apis hispanica Fabricius, 1787. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Carthage) (Schulthess, 1924). 
General distribution: Egypt, Israel, Libya, Morocco, 
Portugal, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, and Turkey (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora (Lophanthophora) mucida Gribodo, 1873
Anthophora mucida Gribodo, 1873. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Maidl, 
1922 as Podalirius mucidus).
General distribution: Bulgaria, Egypt, France, Greece, Italy, 
Kazakhstan, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, 
Turkey, and Ukraine (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora (Paramegilla) astragali Morawitz, 1879  
Anthophora astragali Morawitz, 1879. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tozeur (Nefta) (Schulthess, 1924).  
General distribution: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and 
Russia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora (Paramegilla) blanda Pérez, 1895
Anthophora blanda Pérez, 1895. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kairouan, Kasserine (Sbeitla), 
Tunis (Carthage) (Schulthess, 1924).
General distribution: Algeria and Israel (Ascher & Pickering, 
2021). 

Anthophora (Paramegilla) planca Pérez, 1895
Anthophora planca Pérez, 1895. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Sfax (Schulthess, 1924).
General distribution: Algeria (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora (Paramegilla) quadricolor (Erichson, 1840)
Megilla quadricolor Erichson, 1840. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Carthage) (Schulthess, 1924).
General distribution: France, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, and 
Spain (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora (Petalosternom) calcarata Lepeletier, 1841
Anthophora calcarata Lepeletier, 1841. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Ben Arous (Hammam Lif), Kairouan, 
Kasserine (Sbeitla), Tunis (Carthage) (Schulthess, 1924).
General distribution: Algeria, France, Italy, Morocco, 
Spain, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).



Sociobiology 69(3): e8151 (September, 2022) 5

Anthophora (Petalosternom) rivolleti Pérez, 1895
Anthophora rivolleti Pérez, 1895. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Egypt, Israel, and Tunisia 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora (Pyganthophora) albosignata (Friese, 1896)
Podalirius albosignatus Friese, 1896b. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Egypt, Greece, Italy, Libya, Morocco, 
Syria, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora (Pyganthophora) atriceps Pérez, 1879
Anthophora atriceps Pérez, 1879. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Egypt, Iran, Israel, Libya, Morocco, 
Portugal, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora (Pyganthophora) atroalba Lepeletier, 1841
Anthophora atro-alba Lepeletier, 1841. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Cockerell, 1920); Tunis 
(Centre, Carthage), Kairouan (Schulthess, 1924).
General distribution: Algeria, Croatia, France, Greece, India, 
Iran, Italy, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Pakistan, Portugal, Spain, 
Tunisia, Turkey, and Ukraine (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora (Pyganthophora) caroli Pérez, 1895
Anthophora caroli Pérez, 1895. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kasserine (Sbeitla) (Schulthess, 1924).
General distribution: Algeria, Palestine, and Tunisia.

Anthophora (Pyganthophora) facialoides Brooks, 1988
Anthophora facialoides Brooks, 1988. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Egypt and Tunisia (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora (Pyganthophora) holoxantha Pérez, 1895
Anthophora holoxantha Pérez, 1895. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora (Pyganthophora) libyphaenica Gribodo, 1893
Anthophora libyphaenica Gribodo, 1893. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Israel, Libya, Morocco, and 
Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora (Pyganthophora) scopipes Spinola, 1838
Anthophora scopipes Spinola, 1838. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Sfax (Schulthess, 1924). 
General distribution: Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Morocco, and 
Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora (Pyganthophora) ventrilabris Lepeletier, 1841
Anthophora ventrilabris Lepeletier, 1841. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality 
(Schulthess, 1924; Ascher & Pickering, 2021). 
General distribution: Algeria, Greece, Italy, Morocco, Spain, 
and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Anthophora sp. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tozeur (Schulthess, 1924). 
Genus: Habropoda Smith, 1854

Habropoda oraniensis (Lepeletier, 1841)
Anthophora oraniensis Lepeletier, 1841. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality 
(Schwarz & Gusentleitner, 2001); Medenine (Zarzis) (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021). 
General distribution: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, and Tunisia 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
Tribe: Ancylaini Michener, 1944 
Genus: Ancyla Lepeletier, 1841

Ancyla brevis Dours, 1873
Ancyla brevis Dours, 1873. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Friese, 1922 as Ancyla punica).
General distribution: Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).

Ancyla oraniensis Lepeletier, 1841
Ancyla oraniensis Lepeletier, 1841. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Greece, Morocco, and Tunisia 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
Tribe: Apini Latreille, 1802
Genus: Apis Linnaeus, 1758

Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758
Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Everywhere.
General distribution: Worldwide (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
Tribe: Bombini Latreille, 1802  
Genus: Bombus Latreille, 1802

Bombus (Bombus) terrestris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Apis terrestris Linnaeus, 1758. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality 
(Schulthess, 1924 as var. with scopa red on hind tibiae); 
Jendouba (Hotel les Chines, 5 km South Ain Draham) (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).    



Hassib Ben Khedher, Mohamed Braham, Ikbal Chaib – Tunisian Apidae Fauna (Hymenoptera: Anthophila)6

General distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Argentina, 
Australia, Belarus, Brazil, Canary Islands, Chile, China, 
Georgia, Iceland, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, 
Libya, Mongolia, Morocco, New Zeeland, Palestine, Russia, 
South Korea, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, United 
States, and Uzbekistan, very common in Europe (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Bombus (Megabombus) ruderatus (Fabricius, 1775)
Apis ruderata Fabricius, 1775. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Czech 
Republic, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Canary 
Islands, Chile, Czech Republic, England, France, Germany, 
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Italy, Luxemburg, Morocco, 
New Zeeland, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, 
Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, and Ukraine (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Bombus (Thoracobombus) laesus Morawitz, 1875
Bombus laesus Morawitz in Fedtschenko, 1875. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, 
Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Georgia, 
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, 
Lithuania, Macedonia, Morocco, Poland, Romania, Russia, 
Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, 
Ukraine, and Uzbekistan (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Bombus (Thoracobombus) ruderarius (Müller, 1776)
Apis ruderaria Müller, 1776. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, 
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tunisia, and Turkey, very 
common in Europe (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Tribe: Eucerini Latreille, 1802
Genus: Eucera Scopoli, 1770
Eucera (Eucera) alopex Risch, 1999
Eucera alopex Risch, 1999. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Medenine (30 km N Medenine, 
Zarzis, 20 km S Zarzis, 30 km S Zarzis), Nabeul (Hammamet, 
Grombelia) (Risch, 1999).
General distribution: Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Eucera) dimidiata Brullé, 1832
Eucera dimidiata Brullé, 1832. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kairouan (Dusmet & Alonso, 1928). 
General distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, 
Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, 
Tunisia, and Turkey (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Eucera) ferruginea Lepeletier, 1841
Eucera ferruginea Lepeletier, 1841.

Distribution in Tunisia: Jendouba (10 km E Ain Draham) 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Eucera) grisea Fabricius, 1793
Eucera grisea Fabricius, 1793. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kairouan, Kasserine (Sbeitla), 
(Schulthess, 1924; Dusmet & Alonso, 1928). 
General distribution: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Portugal, 
Spain, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Eucera) interrupta Bäer, 1850
Eucera interrupta Bäer, 1850. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, 
Bulgaria, China, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, 
Hungary, Italy Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Poland, Romania, 
Russia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, and 
Ukraine (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Eucera) nigrilabris Lepeletier, 1841
Eucera nigrilabris Lepeletier, 1841. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Carthage) (Schulthess, 1924); 
Kairouan (Dusmet & Alonso, 1928); Gabes (10 km SE 
Matmata), Kasserine (Bouchebka) (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).  
General distribution: Azerbaijan, Algeria, France, Germany, 
Greece, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, 
Russia, Spain, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, 
and Uzbekistan (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Eucera) numida Lepeletier, 1841
Eucera numida Lepeletier, 1841. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kairouan (Dusmet & Alonso, 1928); 
Jendouba (Tabarka), Tozeur (Oasis Tozeur) (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, France, Italy, Malta, Morocco, 
Portugal, Spain, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Hetereucera) algira Brullé, 1840
Eucera algira Brullé, 1840. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tozeur (Oued Melah between Gafsa 
and Tozeur) (Schulthess, 1924); Kairouan, Tunis (Dusmet & 
Alonso, 1928). 
General distribution: Algeria, Greece, Israel, Italy, Malta, 
Morocco, and Spain (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Hetereucera) atricornis Fabricius, 1793
Eucera atricornis Fabricius, 1793. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Iran, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021).



Sociobiology 69(3): e8151 (September, 2022) 7

Eucera (Hetereucera) bequaerti Alfken, 1914
Eucera bequaerti Alfken, 1914. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Jendouba (Tabarka, 15 km S 
Jendouba), Kasserine (20 km S Thala), Nabeul (Hammamet, 
Grombelia), Tunis (Risch, 2001). 
General distribution: Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Hetereucera) clypeata Erichson, 1835
Eucera clypeata Erichson, 1835. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Jendouba (4 km S Ain Draham, 10 
km E Ain Draham) (Risch, 2003). 
General distribution: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, 
Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, 
Germany, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, 
Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Morocco, Pakistan, 
Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Syria, 
Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and 
Uzbekistan (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Hetereucera) elongatula Vachal, 1907
Eucera elongatula Vachal, 1907. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Sfax (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, France, Morocco, Portugal, 
Spain, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Hetereucera) genovefae Vachal, 1907
Eucera Genovefae Vachal, 1907. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Gafsa (15 km N Metlaoui, 20 km N 
Metlaoui, 20 km N Gafsa, Sidi Boubaker), Kasserine, Medenine 
(30 km SW Medenine), Tataouine (55 km S Tataouine, 56 km S 
Tataouine, Ksar Hadada) (Risch, 2001); Kasserine (Bouchebka), 
Tozeur (8 km S Tamerza) (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Hetereucera) notata Lepeletier, 1841
Eucera notata Lepeletier, 1841. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kasserine (Sbeitla), Tunis 
(Schulthess, 1924); Tunis (Ascher & Pickering, 2021). 
General distribution: Algeria, Egypt, Germany, Italy, Libya, 
Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia, and Turkey (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Hetereucera) obliterata Pérez, 1895
Eucera obliterata Pérez, 1895. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Beja (15 km SE Teboursouk, 10 
km S Beja), Jendouba, Kairouan (20 km N Kairouan, 17 km 
N Kairouan), Kasserine (Bouchebka), Kebili (Douz), Le Kef 
(Tajerouine, 30 km S Le Kef), Siliana (Makthar), Sousse 
(Msaken), Zaghouan (Mograne, 20 km NW Zaghouan, 30 km 
S Zaghouan) (Risch, 2003).
General distribution: Algeria, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, 
and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Hetereucera) oraniensis Lepeletier, 1841
Eucera oraniensis Lepeletier, 1841. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kasserine (Bouchebka), Tataouine 
(5 km E Djouama) (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and 
Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Hetereucera) polita Pérez, 1895
Eucera polita Pérez, 1895. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Gafsa (40 km NW Gafsa), Kasserine 
(10 km NW Thelepte) (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Libya, Morocco and Tunisia (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Hetereucera) saundersi Friese, 1899
Eucera saundersi Friese, 1899b. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Friese, 1899b; Schulthess, 
1924; Dusmet & Alonso, 1928).
General distribution: North Africa (Lhomme et al., 2020).

Eucera (Hetereucera) seminuda Brullé, 1832
Eucera seminuda Brullé, 1832. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kairouan (Schulthess, 1924 as 
Eucera trivittata).
General distribution: Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, 
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Greece, Hungary, Macedonia, 
Czech Republic, Russia, Slovakia, Turkey, and Ukraine 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Hetereucera) spatulata Gribodo, 1893
Eucera spatulata Gribodo, 1893. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Beja (10 km S Beja, 15 NW 
Teboursouk, 15 km SE Teboursouk, 5 km NW Teboursouk), 
Gabes (Matmata), Jendouba (Fernana, 15 km S Jendouba, 
10 km N Jendouba, 21 km N Jendouba, 10 km S Tabarka), 
Medenine (Djerba, Houmt Souk 5 km S Richtung Midoun), 
Nabeul (5 km NW Grombelia, Korba, Nabeul), Siliana (15 
km SW Makthar, 15 km N Makthar), Sousse (Msaken), Tunis 
(NE Tunis Jebel Amarbei Jabbes), Gafsa (Bou Hedma), 
Zaghouan (30 km SE Zaghouan, 20 km NW Zaghouan) 
(Risch, 2003).
General distribution: Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Hetereucera) vachali Pérez, 1895
Eucera vachali Pérez, 1895. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Beja (10 km NW Teboursouk), 
Gabes (5 km SE Matmata, 10 km SE Matmata, Matmata), 
Kairouan (10 km W Sbikha), Kasserine (10 km NNW 
Thelepte), Medenine (Zarzis, S Djerba, 14 km SE Houmt Souk, 
20 km SW Medenine), Nabeul (Hammamet, Grombelia), Sfax 
(30 km SW Sfax), Sidi Bouzid, Siliana (Makthar), Sousse 
(Msaken), Tataouine (Ksar Hadada, Chenini), Tunis (La 
Marsa?), Zaghouan (20 km NW Zaghouan) (Risch, 2003). 
General distribution: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).



Hassib Ben Khedher, Mohamed Braham, Ikbal Chaib – Tunisian Apidae Fauna (Hymenoptera: Anthophila)8

Eucera (Hetereucera) warnckei Risch, 1999
Eucera warnckei Risch, 1999. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Medenine (30 km E Medenine), 
Nabeul (Hammamet, Grombelia) (Risch, 1999); Gabes (50 
km W Matmata, 10 km SE Matmata), Nabeul (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).  
General distribution: Morocco and Tunisia (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Pteneucera) eucnemidea Dours, 1873
Eucera eucnemidea Dours 1873. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality 
(Schulthess, 1924; Risch, 1997); Gafsa (Oasis Gafsa) (Dusmet 
& Alonso, 1928).  
General distribution: Algeria, Armenia, France, Italy, 
Kazakhstan, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Portugal, Russia, Spain, 
Syria, Tunisia, and Turkey (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Pteneucera) nigrifacies Lepeletier, 1841
Eucera nigrifacies Lepeletier, 1841. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Beja, Mannouba (Tebourba) 
(Schulthess, 1924); Tunisia: no specific locality (Risch, 1997); 
Jendouba (10 km E Ain Draham) (Ascher & Pickering, 2021). 
General distribution: Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, France, 
Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, 
Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Russia, 
Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, 
Turkey, and Uzbekistan (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Synhalonia) cuniculina Klug, 1845
Eucera cuniculina Klug, 1845. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tozeur (Schulthess, 1924 as Eucera 
(Macrocera) cuniculina) 
General distribution: Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Libya, Morocco, 
Spain, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Synhalonia) mediterranea Friese, 1895
Eucera mediterranea Friese, 1895. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality 
(Schulthess, 1924).
General distribution: Greece, Israel, Italy, Spain, and 
Turkey (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Synhalonia) metallescens (Morawitz, 1888)
Tetralonia metallescens Morawitz, 1888. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tozeur (Oued Melah between Gafsa 
and Tozeur) (Schulthess, 1924). 
General distribution: Pakistan and Turkmenistan (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Synhalonia) ruficollis (Brullé, 1832)
Macrocera ruficollis Brullé, 1832. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Gafsa, Kasserine (Sbeitla), Tunis 
(Carthage) (Schulthess, 1924).

General distribution: Greece, France, Italy, Kazakhstan, 
Romania, Russia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, 
and Uzbekistan (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Synhalonia) tricincta Erichson, 1835
Eucera tricincta Erichson, 1835. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Gafsa, Kasserine (Sbeitla) 
(Schulthess, 1924)
General distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Azerbaijan, 
Egypt, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan 
Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, 
Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Tetralonia) alticincta (Lepeletier, 1841)
Macrocera alticincta Lepeletier, 1841. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021 as Tetraloniella alticincta).
General distribution: Albania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, 
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kyrgyzstan, 
Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, 
Slovenia, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, 
Ukraine, and Uzbekistan (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Tetralonia) cinctella Saunders, 1908
Eucera (Macrocera) cinctella Saunders, 1908. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021 as Tetraloniella cinctella).
General distribution: Algeria, Portugal, Spain, and Tunisia 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Tetralonia) dentata Germar, 1839
Eucera dentata Germar, 1839. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021 as Tetraloniella dentata).
General distribution: Algeria, Armenia, Austria, Belarus, 
Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, 
Germany, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, 
Macedonia, Mongolia, Morocco, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, 
Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Romania, Russia, Syria, 
Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).

Eucera (Tetralonia) fulvescens (Giraud, 1863)
Tetralonia fulvescens Giraud, 1863. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021 as Tetraloniella fulvescens).
General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, 
Bulgaria, China, Croatia, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, 
Kazakhstan, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, 
Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, and Uzbekistan (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
Tribe: Melectini Westwood, 1840
Genus: Melecta Latreille, 1802



Sociobiology 69(3): e8151 (September, 2022) 9

Melecta (Melecta) aegyptiaca Radoszkowski, 1876
Melecta aegyptiaca Radoszkowski, 1876. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kasserine (Feriana), Tunis 
(Carthage) (Lieftinck, 1980).
General distribution: Algeria, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, 
Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, Slovakia, 
Spain, Syria, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Melecta (Melecta) albifrons (Forster, 1771)
Apis albifrons Forster, 1771. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Croatia, Denmark, 
Egypt, England, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, 
Iran, Libya, Macedonia, Montenegro, Morocco, Poland, 
Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, 
Turkey, and Ukraine (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Melecta (Melecta) duodecimmaculata (Rossi, 1790)
Nomada duodecimmaculata Rossi, 1790. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, 
Greece, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, 
Libya, Malta, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, 
Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Melecta (Melecta) grandis Lepeletier, 1841
Melecta grandis Lepeletier, 1841.
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Italy, Libya, 
Morocco, Spain, Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Melecta (Melecta) italica Radoszkowski, 1876 
Melecta italica Radoszkowski, 1876. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, 
France, Greece, Italy, Jordan, Libya, Macedonia, Malta, 
Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia, and Turkey (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Melecta (Melecta) leucorhyncha Gribodo, 1893
Melecta luctuosa var. leucorhyncha Gribodo, 1893.
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Ascher & Pickering, 2021). 
General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, 
France, Greece, Italy, Jordan, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Spain, 
Tunisia, Turkey, and Ukraine (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Melecta (Melecta) luctuosa (Scopoli, 1770)
Apis luctuosa Scopoli, 1770. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Schulthess, 1924).
General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, 
Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, 

England, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, 
Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, 
Montenegro, Morocco, Pakistan, Poland, Portugal, Romania, 
Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, 
Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Turkey, and Turkmenistan (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Melecta (Paracrocisa) guilochei Dusmet & Alonso, 1915
Melecta guilochei Dusmet & Alonso, 1915. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Greece, Morocco and Tunisia (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
Genus: Thyreus Panzer, 1806

Thyreus affinis (Morawitz, 1874)
Crocisa affinis Morawitz, 1874. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kasserine (Feriana) (Pérez, 1895 as 
Crocisa tunensis).
General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, 
Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, Greece, Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, 
Kyrgyzstan, Libya, Montenegro, Morocco, Pakistan, Portugal, 
Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, 
Ukraine, and Uzbekistan (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Thyreus elegans (Morawitz, 1878)
Crocisa elegans Morawitz, 1878. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tozeur (Lieftinck, 1968).
General distribution: Algeria, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Egypt, 
Eritrea, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, 
Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, 
and United Arab Emirates (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Thyreus hirtus (de Beaumont, 1939) 
Crocisa hirta de Beaumont, 1939. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Le Kef (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, France, Greece, Italy, Morocco, 
Portugal, Russia, Spain, Tunisia, and Turkey (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Thyreus histrionicus (Illiger, 1806)
Melecta histrionica Illiger, 1806. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kairouan (Schulthess, 1924 as 
Crocisa major), Nabeul (Hammamet) (Lieftinck, 1968).
General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, 
Bulgaria, China, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, 
Germany, Georgia, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, 
Kyrgyzstan, Libya, Macedonia, Malta, Morocco, Poland, 
Portugal, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Spain, 
Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and 
Uzbekistan (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Thyreus orbatus (Lepeletier, 1841)
Crocisa orbata Lepeletier, 1841. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Carthage), Kairouan, 



Hassib Ben Khedher, Mohamed Braham, Ikbal Chaib – Tunisian Apidae Fauna (Hymenoptera: Anthophila)10

Kasserine (Sbeitla) (Schulthess, 1924 as Crocisa orbata), 
Tunis (Lieftinck, 1968). 
General distribution: Algeria, Israel, Libya, Morocco, 
Russia, Tunisia, and Turkey (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Thyreus ramosus (Lepeletier, 1841)
Crocisa ramosa Lepeletier, 1841. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kairouan, Gafsa (Schulthess, 1924 
as Crocisa ramosa); Monastir, Tunis (Carthage) (Lieftinck, 
1968); Bizerte (25 km S Bizerte) (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Albania, Afghanistan, Algeria, 
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Egypt, France, Georgia, 
Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, 
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Libya, Macedonia, Moldova, 
Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Portugal, Romania, Russia, 
Slovakia, Spain, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, 
Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab Emirates, 
Ukraine, and Uzbekistan (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Thyreus tricuspis (Pérez, 1883)
Crocisa tricuspis Pérez, 1883. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Nabeul (Hammamet) (Schulthess, 
1924 as Crocisa tricuspis).
General distribution: Algeria, Israel, Italy, Libya, Morocco, 
Syria, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
Genus: Thyreomelecta Rightmyer & Engel, 2003

Thyreomelecta sibirica (Radoszkowski, 1893)
Crocisa sibirica Radoszkowski, 1893. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Gafsa (Oasis Gafsa) (Meyer, 1921 
as Crocisa sibirica (doubtful identity))
General distribution: Armenia, China, Russia and Turkey 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021). 
Subfamily: Nomadinae Latreille, 1802
Tribe: Ammobatini Handlirsch, 1925  
Genus: Ammobates Latreille, 1809

Ammobates (Ammobates) assimilis (Warncke, 1983)
Pasites assimilis Warncke 1983. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Jendouba (10 km N Jendouba) 
(Warncke, 1983 as Pasites assimilis). 
General distribution: Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Ammobates (Ammobates) hipponensis Pérez, 1902
Ammobates hipponensis Pérez, 1902. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria and Tunisia (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Ammobates (Ammobates) minor (Pérez, 1902)
Phileremus minor Pérez, 1902. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).

General distribution: Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).

Ammobates (Ammobates) rufiventris Latreille, 1809
Ammobates rufiventris Latreille, 1809.
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and 
Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Ammobates (Ammobates) syriacus Friese, 1899
Ammobates syriacus Friese, 1899a. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Morocco, Israel, Jordan, and 
Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Ammobates (Ammobates) vinctus Gerstäcker, 1869
Ammobates vinctus Gerstäcker, 1869. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, 
Greece, Italy, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, 
Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Ukraine (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).

Ammobates (Euphileremus) muticus Spinola, 1843
Ammobates muticus Spinola, 1843. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kairouan (Schulthess, 1924 as 
Ammobates carinatus).
General distribution: Algeria, France, Italy, Libya, Morocco, 
Portugal, Romania, Spain, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 
2021).

Ammobates (Euphileremus) oraniensis (Lepeletier, 1841)
Phileremus oraniensis Lepeletier, 1841. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Belvédère) (Schulthess, 
1924); Tunis (Ascher & Pickering, 2021). 
General distribution: Algeria, Armenia, Egypt, Greece, 
Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Libya, Morocco, Romania, Spain, 
Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Ukraine (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Ammobates (Xerammobates) minutissimus 
Mavromoustakis, 1959
Ammobates minutissimus Mavromoustakis, 1959. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Medenine (Djerba) 
(Mavromoustakis, 1959).
General distribution: Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
Genus: Pasites Jurine, 1807

Pasites maculatus Jurine, 1807
Pasites maculatus Jurine, 1807. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).



Sociobiology 69(3): e8151 (September, 2022) 11

General distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Azerbaijan, 
Belarus, Bulgaria, China, Egypt, France, Greece, Hungary, 
Iran, Italy, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Morocco, Pakistan, 
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, 
Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, and 
Ukraine (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
Genus: Spinopasites Warncke, 1983

Spinopasites spinotus (Warncke, 1983)
Pasites spinotus Warncke 1983. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Gabes (10 km S Gabes) (Warncke, 
1983 as Pasites spinotus).
General distribution: Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
Tribe: Ammobatoidini Michener, 1944
Genus: Ammobatoides Radoszkowski, 1867

Ammobatoides abdominalis (Eversmann, 1852)
Phileremus abdominalis Eversmann, 1852. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Maidl, 
1922 as Phiarus abdominalis). 
General distribution: Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, 
Belarus, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, 
Germany, Georgia, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, 
Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, Russia, Syria, 
Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Ammobatoides schachti Schawarz, 1988
Ammobatoides schachti Schawarz, 1988. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kasserine (10 km E Kasserine) 
(Schwarz, 1988a). 
General distribution: Morocco, Tunisia (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).
Genus: Schmiedeknechtia Friese, 1896

Schmiedeknechtia oraniensis Friese, 1896
Schmiedeknechtia oraniensis Friese, 1896b. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Jendouba (10 km N Jendouba), 
Tunis (Schwarz, 1993); Beja, Jendouba, Tunis (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Spain and Tunisia (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Schmiedeknechtia verhoeffi Mavromoustakis, 1959
Schmiedeknechtia verhoeffi Mavromoustakis, 1959. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Medenine (Djerba) (Mavromoustakis, 
1959).
General distribution: Egypt, Israel and Tunisia (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).
Tribe: Epeolini Robertson, 1903 
Genus: Epeolus Latreille, 1802

Epeolus aureovestitus Dours, 1873
Epeolus aureovestitus Dours, 1873. 

Distribution in Tunisia: Jendouba (South Tabarka), Ben 
Arous (Hammam Lif) (Bogusch, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Portugal, Spain and Tunisia 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Epeolus collaris Pérez, 1884
Epeolus collaris Pérez, 1884. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Bizerte (Ghar El Melh, East 
Bizerte), Tunis (Ezzahra, 15 km S Tunis) (Bogusch, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).

Epeolus fallax Morawitz, 1872
Epeolus fallax Morawitz, 1872. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (La Marsa) (Dusmet & 
Alonso, 1932); Jendouba, Tunis (Bogusch, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, France, Germany, Italy, Morocco, 
Portugal, Spain, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Epeolus flavociliatus Friese, 1899
Epeolus flavociliatus Friese, 1899a. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kebili (Blidet), Tozeur (Nefta, 
Tozeur), Tataouine (Bogusch, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Mauritania, 
Morocco, Pakistan, Spain, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 
2021).
Tribe: Nomadini Latreille, 1802
Genus: Nomada Scopoli, 1770

Nomada accentifera Pérez, 1895 
Nomada accentifera Pérez, 1895. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Jendouba (Ain Draham) (Schwarz, 
1977); Tunis (Ascher & Pickering, 2021). 
General distribution: Morocco, Portugal, Spain, and Tunisia 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada agrestis Fabricius, 1787
Nomada agrestis Fabricius, 1787. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality 
(Dusmet & Alonso, 1932); Kasserine (Bouchebka) (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021) 
General distribution: Algeria, Egypt, France, Greece, Iran, 
Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Libya, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, 
Syria, Tunisia, and Turkey (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).  
Nomada algira Mocsáry, 1883
Nomada algira Mocsáry, 1883. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (La Marsa) (Dusmet & 
Alonso, 1932 as Nomada platyzona); Tunis (Carthage), 
Kairouan (Schwarz, 1978 as Nomada platyzona).
General distribution: Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).

Nomada barbilabris Pérez, 1895
Nomada barbilabris Pérez, 1895. 



Hassib Ben Khedher, Mohamed Braham, Ikbal Chaib – Tunisian Apidae Fauna (Hymenoptera: Anthophila)12

Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Dusmet 
& Alonso, 1932 as Nomada dido); Ben Arous (Hammam Lif), 
Zaghouan (Fahs, Thuburbo Majus) (Schwarz, 1965 as Nomada 
cabrerai); Tunis (Carthage) (Schwarz, 1977 as Nomada dido).
General distribution: Algeria and Morocco (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).  

Nomada basalis Herrich-Schäffer, 1839
Nomada basalis Herrich-Schäffer, 1839. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Belvédère) (Schulthess, 
1924 as Nomada flavomaculata var. tripunctata); Tunisia: no 
specific locality (Dusmet & Alonso, 1932 as Nomada astarte).
General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Austria, Bosnia and 
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, 
Greece, Hungary, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, 
Kyrgyzstan, Macedonia, Montenegro, Morocco, Portugal, 
Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, 
Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and 
Uzbekistan (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada beaumonti Schwarz, 1967 
Nomada beaumonti Schwarz, 1967. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, France, Greece, Italy, Morocco, 
Portugal, Spain, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada biblica Schwarz, Smit & Ockermüller, 2019
Nomada biblica Schwarz, Smit & Ockermüller, 2019. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Jendouba (Tabarak), Kasserine (Thala 
20 km S), Medenine (30 km Zarzis), Tataouine (55 km S Foum 
Tataouine), Tozeur (15 km W Nefta) (Schwarz et al., 2019). 
General distribution: Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).

Nomada bifasciata Olivier, 1811
Nomada bifasciata Olivier, 1811. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Gabes (Matmata), Kasserine 
(Bouchebka) (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, 
Czech Republic, France, Germany, Hungary, Libya, 
Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Malta, Morocco, Netherlands, 
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, 
Turkey, and Ukraine (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada bispinosa Mocsáry, 1883
Nomada bispinosa Mocsáry, 1883. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, 
Iran, Macedonia, Montenegro, Morocco, Poland, Portugal, 
Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, and Ukraine 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada blepharipes Schmiedeknecht, 1882 
Nomada blepharipes Schmiedeknecht, 1882. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, 
France, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Morocco, 
Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Spain, 
Tunisia, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada brevis Saunders, 1908
Nomada brevis Saunders, 1908. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (La Marsa) (Dusmet & 
Alonso, 1932 as Nomada meyeri); Tataouine (10 km SE 
Foum Tataouine), Tunis (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).

Nomada carnifex Mocsáry, 1883
Nomada carnifex Mocsáry, 1883. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Medenine (Djerba, SE Houmt 
Souk) (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, France, Italy, Libya, 
Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, and Tunisia (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).

Nomada carthaginensis Dusmet & Alonso, 1932 
Nomada carthaginensis Dusmet & Alonso, 1932. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (La Marsa) (Dusmet & 
Alonso, 1932); Tunisia: no specific locality (Alexander & 
Schwarz, 1994: 240).
General distribution: Algeria, Libya and Tunisia (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Nomada chrysopyga pyrosoma Dours, 1873
Nomada pyrosoma Dours, 1873. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kairouan (Schulthess, 1924 as 
Nomada scutellata and as Nomada umbripennis); Tunis 
(Schwarz, 1977 as Nomada nigrita).
General distribution: North Africa (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada conjungens Herrich-Schäffer, 1839 
Nomada conjungens Herrich-Schäffer, 1839. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021). 
General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, 
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, 
England, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kazakhstan, 
Lithunaia, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, 
Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, and 
Ukraine (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada coronata Pérez, 1895
Nomada coronata Pérez, 1895. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Carthage) (Schwarz, 1977).



Sociobiology 69(3): e8151 (September, 2022) 13

General distribution: Algeria, France, Morocco, Portugal, 
Spain, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).  

Nomada cristata Pérez, 1895
Nomada cristata Pérez, 1895. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Schwarz, 1977; Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, 
and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada discedens Pérez, 1884
Nomada discedens Pérez, 1884. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Le Kef (Schulthess, 1924). 
General distribution: France, Germany, Morocco, Portugal, 
and Spain (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada discrepans Schmiedeknecht, 1882
Nomada discrepans Schmiedeknecht, 1882. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality 
(Dusmet & Alonso, 1932).
General distribution: Algeria, France, Hungary, Israel, Italy, 
Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Tunisia, 
Turkey, and Turkmenistan (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada distinguenda Morawtiz, 1874
Nomada distinguenda Morawtiz, 1874. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (La Marsa) (Dusmet & 
Alonso, 1932). 
General distribution: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, 
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, 
Denmark, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, 
Iran, Italy, Lebanon, Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, 
Morocco, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, 
Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, 
Turkmenistan, and Ukraine (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).  

Nomada dolosa Mocsáry, 1883 
Nomada dolosa Mocsáry, 1883. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Zaghouan (Fahs, Thuburbo Majus) 
(Schwarz & Gusenleitner, 2013).
General distribution: Algeria, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, 
and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada duplex Smith, 1854
Nomada duplex Smith, 1854. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Schwarz, 1977 as Nomada 
cirtana). 
General distribution: Algeria, France, Italy, Morocco, 
Portugal, and Spain (Ascher & Pickering, 2021). 

Nomada fallax Pérez, 1913
Nomada fallax Pérez, 1913. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Medenine (Djerba, SE Houmt 
Souk) (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

General distribution: Algeria, France, Italy, Morocco, 
Portugal, Spain, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada felici Schawarz, 1977 
Nomada felici Schawarz, 1977. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Schwarz, 1977).
General distribution: Greece and Tunisia (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Nomada femoralis Morawitz, 1869
Nomada femoralis Morawitz, 1869. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (La Marsa) (Dusmet & 
Alonso, 1932).
General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, 
Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, 
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Kyrgyzstan, 
Lithuania, Macedonia, Morocco, Poland, Portugal, Romania, 
Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, 
and Ukraine (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada fenestrata Lepeletier, 1841
Nomada fenestrata Lepeletier, 1841. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality 
(Schwarz, 1965 as Nomada vicarioi); Kasserine (10 km NW 
Thelepte) (Ascher & Pickering, 2021). 
General distribution: Afghanistan, Algeria, Egypt, Iran, 
Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Pakistan, Portugal, 
Spain, Tunisia, and Turkey (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada ferruginata Linnaeus, 1767
Nomada ferruginata Linnaeus, 1767.
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (La Marsa) (Dusmet & 
Alonso, 1932). 
General distribution: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, 
Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, 
Hungary, Italy, England, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, 
Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, 
Spain, and Ukraine (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada flavoguttata Kirby, 1802
Nomada flavoguttata Kirby, 1802. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality 
(Dusmet & Alonso, 1932).
General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, 
Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, 
Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Estonia, Finland, France, 
Germany, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, 
Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Macedonia, 
Morocco, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, 
Slovenia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, 
Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Ukraine (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada fulvicornis maroccana Pérez, 1895
Nomada maroccana Pérez, 1895. 



Hassib Ben Khedher, Mohamed Braham, Ikbal Chaib – Tunisian Apidae Fauna (Hymenoptera: Anthophila)14

Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Bardo) (Schwarz, 1965 as 
Nomada pintosi).
General distribution: Northwest Africa (Ascher & Pickering, 
2021).  

Nomada glaucopis Pérez, 1890
Nomada glaucopis Pérez, 1890. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kairouan (Schulthess, 1924 as 
Nomada pusilla); Tunis (La Marsa) (Dusmet & Alonso, 1932 
as Nomada pusilla).
General distribution: Algeria, Czech Republic, France, 
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Libya, 
Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Tunisia, and 
Turkey (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada ibanezi Dusmet & Alonso, 1915
Nomada ibanezi Dusmet & Alonso, 1915. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tataouine (10 km SE Foum 
Tataouine) (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Morocco and Tunisia (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Nomada inermis Pérez, 1895
Nomada inermis Pérez, 1895. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tataouine (Ascher & Pickering, 
2021).
General distribution: Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada integra imperfecta Schwarz, 1967
Nomada cinctiventris ssp. imperfecta Schwarz, 1967. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality 
(Alexander & Schwarz, 1994).
General distribution: Algeria, Israel and Tunisia (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).  

Nomada judaica Schwarz & Smit, 2018 
Nomada judaica Schwarz & Smit, 2018. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tataouine (Schwarz & Smit, 2018).
General distribution: Algeria, Israel, Jordan, Syria, Tunisia, 
and Turkey (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada keroanensis Pérez, 1895
Nomada keroanensis Pérez, 1895. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality 
(Dusmet & Alonso, 1932); Kairouan, Tunis (Schwarz, 
1977); Kairouan, Kasserine (10 km NW Thelepte) (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021). 
General distribution: Morocco and Tunisia (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Nomada kohli Schmiedeknecht, 1882
Nomada kohli Schmiedeknecht, 1882. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality 
(Dusmet & Alonso, 1932).

General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Austria, Bosnia and 
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, 
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Macedonia, Malta, 
Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, 
Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, and Ukraine 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021). 

Nomada lathburiana Kirby, 1802
Nomada lathburiana Kirby, 1802. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, 
Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, England, Finland, 
France, Germany, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, 
Latvia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, 
Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, 
and Ukraine (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada linsenmaieri Schwarz, 1974
Nomada linsenmaieri Schwarz, 1974. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, France, Italy, Morocco, 
Portugal, Spain, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada litigiosa Gribodo, 1893
Nomada litigiosa Gribodo, 1893. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Italy and Tunisia (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Nomada maculicornis Pérez, 1884
Nomada maculicornis Pérez, 1884. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kasserine (Bouchebka) (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, France, Italy, Morocco, 
Portugal, and Spain (Ascher & Pickering, 2021). 

Nomada marshamella Kirby, 1802
Nomada marshamella Kirby, 1802. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, 
Czech Republic, England, Estonia, Denmark, Finland, France, 
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, 
Macedonia, Montenegro, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, 
Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, 
Turkey, and Ukraine (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada mauritanica Lepeletier, 1841
Nomada mauritanica Lepeletier, 1841. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Medenine (Schwarz, 1977 as 
Nomada poecilonota); Kairouan, Kasserine (10 km NW 
Thelepte) (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).



Sociobiology 69(3): e8151 (September, 2022) 15

General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, 
Chad, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, France,, Greece, Hungary, 
Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Libya, Morocco, Romania, 
Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, 
Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, United Arab 
Emirates, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada numida Lepeletier, 1841
Nomada numida Lepeletier, 1841.
Distribution in Tunisia: Sfax (Schulthess, 1924 as Nomada 
mauritanica manni) 
General distribution: Algeria, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, France, 
Greece, Hungary, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Libya, Montenegro, 
Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Tunisia, 
Turkey, and Ukraine (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada melanura Mocsáry, 1883
Nomada melanura Mocsáry, 1883. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kairouan (Schwarz, 1976 as 
Nomada gracilipes).
General distribution: Algeria, Japan and Morocco (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021). 

Nomada mideltiaca Schwarz, Smit & Ockermüller, 2019
Nomada mideltiaca Schwarz, Smit & Ockermüller, 2019. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kebili (Bir Soltane, 46 km E Douz) 
(Schwarz et al., 2019).
General distribution: Morocco and Tunisia (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Nomada minuscula Noskiewicz, 1930
Nomada minuscula Noskiewicz, 1930.  
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Croatia, France, 
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Morocco, Poland, Portugal, 
Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Spain, Tunisia, and Ukraine 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada mutabilis Morawitz, 1870 
Nomada mutabilis Morawitz, 1870. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, 
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, 
Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, 
Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Macedonia, Morocco, Nepal, 
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, 
Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, 
Ukraine, and Uzbekistan (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada nobilis Herrich-Schäffer, 1839
Nomada nobilis Herrich-Schäffer, 1839. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Jendouba (15 km E Tabarka) (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Austria, Bulgaria, 
Croatia, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, 

Iran, Israel, Italy, Macedonia, Montenegro, Morocco, Poland, 
Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Spain, 
Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, and Ukraine (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Nomada panurgina Morawitz, 1869
Nomada panurgina Morawitz, 1869. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Maidl, 
1922 as Nomada julliani); Kairouan, Kasserine (Sbeitla), 
Tunis (Carthage) (Schulthess, 1924 as Nomada julliani).
General distribution: Algeria, Croatia, France, Italy, Morocco, 
Spain, Switzerland, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada panurginoides Saunders, 1908
Nomada panurginoides Saunders, 1908. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (La Marsa) (Dusmet & Alonso, 
1932); Gabes (Matmata) (Ascher & Pickering, 2021). 
General distribution: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Nomada pectoralis Morawitz, 1877
Nomada pectoralis Morawitz, 1877. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Jendouba (1 km S Ain Draham) 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, France, 
Greece, Hungary, Iran, Morocco, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, 
Spain, Tunisia, Turkmenistan, and Ukraine (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Nomada pleurosticta Herrich-Schäffer, 1839
Nomada pleurosticta Herrich-Schäffer, 1839. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, France, 
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, 
Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, and Turkey 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada podagrica Gribodo, 1893
Nomada podagrica Gribodo, 1893. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality 
(Alexander & Schwarz, 1994). 
General distribution: Algeria and Tunisia (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Nomada pruinosa Pérez, 1895
Nomada pruinosa Pérez, 1895. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kairouan, Kasserine (10 km NW 
Thelepte) (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Libya, Morocco, 
Spain, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada rubiginosa Pérez, 1884
Nomada rubiginosa Pérez, 1884. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Dusmet 
& Alonso, 1932: 233; Alexander & Schwarz, 1994).



Hassib Ben Khedher, Mohamed Braham, Ikbal Chaib – Tunisian Apidae Fauna (Hymenoptera: Anthophila)16

General distribution: Algeria, France, Israel, Italy, Morocco, 
Portugal, Spain, Tunisia, and Turkey (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada sabulosa Radoszkowski, 1876
Nomada sabulosa Radoszkowski, 1876. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Kasserine (10 km NW Thelepte) 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021). 
General distribution: Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Morocco, 
Spain, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada sanguinea Smith, 1854
Nomada sanguinea Smith, 1854. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, France, Italy, Morocco, 
Portugal, Spain, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada sexfasciata Panzer, 1799
Nomada sexfasciata Panzer, 1799. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, 
Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, England, France, 
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, 
Liechtenstein, Luxemburg, Montenegro, Morocco, 
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, 
Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, 
Turkmenistan, and Ukraine (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada sheppardana (Kirby, 1802)
Apis sheppardana Kirby, 1802. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Schwarz, 
1988b as Nomada microsticta).
General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, 
Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Egypt, England, France, 
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Japan, Morocco, 
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, 
Spain, Switzerland, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada stigma Fabricius, 1804
Nomada stigma Fabricius, 1804. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Jendouba (11 km S Tabarka, Kataria 
meadwo) (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, 
Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Croatia, Denmark, Finland, France, 
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, 
Latvia, Macedonia, Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Russia, 
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, 
Turkey, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Nomada succincta Panzer, 1798
Nomada succincta Panzer, 1798. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, 
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, 

France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Jordan, 
Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Macedonia, Morocco, Netherlands, 
Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Spain, Switzerland, 
Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Ukraine (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021). 

Nomada tridentirostris Dours, 1873
Nomada tridentirostris Dours, 1873. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Jendouba (11 km S Tabarka, Kataria 
meadow) (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Austria, Bosnia and 
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, France, 
Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, Italy, Macedonia, Morocco, 
Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, 
Switzerland, Tunisia, and Turkey (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
Subfamily: Xylocopinae Latreille, 1802 
Tribe: Ceratinini Latreille, 1802
Genus: Ceratina Latreille, 1802

Ceratina (Ceratina) cucurbitina (Rossi, 1792)
Apis cucurbitina Rossi, 1792. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Ben Arous (Hammam Lif) (Schulthess, 
1924); Beja (Teboursouk, 1 km S on M.R. 5; Teboursouk, 
Dougga ruins on S.R. 74; Nefza, Djebel Abiod, 12 km S on S.R. 
52), Bizerte (Utique ruins, Jefna on M.R.7; Jefna, 2.1 km W on 
M.R. 7), Jendouba (Ain Draham, 12.4 km S on M.R. 17; Ain 
Draham, 5.6 km S on M.R. 17; Ain Draham, Beni Métir Dam 
on S.R. 65; Tabarka, 14 km E on M.R. 7; Tabarka, 3.5 km S on 
M.R. 17; Tabarka, 16.5 km S on M.R. 17; Ain Sebaa, 6.2 km 
E on M.R. 7), Kasserine (Thala, on M.R. 17), Le Kef (Le Kef, 
26 km NE on M.R. 5), Nabeul (Grombalia, 1 km NW on M.R. 
1; Kélibia, 4 km NE on S.R. 27; Menzel Temime, 1.4 km SW 
on S.R. 27), Sousse (Bouficha, 10.4 km N on M.R. 1), Siliana 
(Makthar, North city limits; Makthar, 16 km E on M.R. 12 or 
0.5 km E junction la Kesra road), Tunis (La Marsa), Zaghouan 
(Pont du Fahs, 23 km NE on M.R. 3; Pont du Fahs, 19 km SW 
on M.R. 4; Pont du Fahs, 20 km SW on M.R. 4) (Daly, 1983).   
General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia, 
and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, 
Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Libya, Macedonia, Montenegro, 
Morocco, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, 
Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, 
Turkmenistan, and Ukraine (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Ceratina (Dalyatina) parvula Smith, 1854
Ceratina parvula Smith, 1854. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Jendouba (Ain Draham, 7 km S on 
M.R. 17 and 2 km NE on S.R. 65; Tabarka, 14 km E on M.R. 7), 
Zaghouan (Pont du Fahs, 23 km NE on M.R.3) (Daly, 1983).
General distribution: Algeria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, 
Egypt France, Greece, Italy, Libya, Macedonia, Montenegro, 
Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, and 
Turkmenistan (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Ceratina (Euceratina) acuta Friese, 1896
Ceratina acuta Friese, 1896a. 



Sociobiology 69(3): e8151 (September, 2022) 17

Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia no specific locality (Friese, 
1896a, 1901; Maidl, 1922). 
General distribution: Albania, Armenia, Austria, Bulgaria, 
Croatia, Czech Republic, Germany, Georgia, Greece, Iran, 
Israel, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Macedonia, Romania, Russia, 
Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Ukraine (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).

Ceratina (Euceratina) albosticta Cockerell, 1931
Ceratina dallatorreana albosticta Cockerell, 1931. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Bizerte (Jefna on M.R. 7), Jendouba 
(Ain Draham, 5.6 km S on M.R.17; Ain Draham, 12.4 km 
S on M.R. 17), Nabeul (Grombalia, 1 km NW on M.R1; 
Kélibia, 4 km NE on S.R. 27), Siliana (Makthar, North city 
limits), Tunis (La Marsa) (Daly, 1983).
General distribution: Algeria, Morocco, Spain and Tunisia 
(Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Ceratina (Euceratina) callosa (Fabricius, 1794)
Apis callosa Fabricius, 1794. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Ben Arous (Hammam Lif), Tunis 
(Carthage) (Schulthess, 1924); Beja (Teboursouk, 1 km S 
on M.R. 5; Teboursouk, Dougga ruins on S.R. 74), Gafsa 
(Ksour), Kairouan (Kairouan, 17 km NW ON M.R. 3), Le 
Kef (Le Kef, 22.5 km SW on M.R. 17; Le Kef, 26 km NE on 
M.R. 5), Nabeul (Grombalia, 1 km NW on M.R.1), Siliana 
(Makthar, 13 km E on M.R. 12), Zaghouan (Pont du Fahs, 23 
km NE on M.R. 3; Pont du Fahs, 19 km SW on M.R. 4; Draa 
Ben Jouder, junction M.R.3/S.R. 123) (Daly, 1983). 
General distribution: Algeria, Austria, France, Germany, 
Italy, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, and Tunisia (Ascher & 
Pickering, 2021).

Ceratina (Euceratina) chalybea Chevrier, 1872
Ceratina chalybea Chevrier, 1872. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Jendouba (Ain Draham, 5.6 km S on 
M.R.17; Ain Draham, 4.4 km S on M.R.17; Tabarka, 16.5 km 
S on M.R. 17), Nabeul (Menzel Temime, 1.4 km SW on S.R. 
27), Siliana (Makthar, North city limits; Makthar, 16 km E 
on M.R. 12 or 0.5 km E junction la Kesra road) (Daly, 1983).  
General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, 
Bulgaria, Croatia, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Iran, 
Italy, Jordan, Macedonia, Montenegro, Morocco, Portugal, 
Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, Syria, Spain, Tunisia, 
Turkey, Turkmenistan, and Ukraine,(Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Ceratina (Euceratina) cyanea (Kirby, 1802)
Apis cyanea Kirby, 1802. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Austria, Azerbaijan, 
Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech 
Republic, England, France, Germany, Georgia, Greece, Iran, 
Italy, Kazakhstan, Libya, Lithuania, Malta, Montenegro, 
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, 

Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, and 
Ukraine (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Ceratina (Euceratina) dallatorreana Friese, 1896
Ceratina dallatorreana Friese, 1896a. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Beja (Nefza, Djebel Abiod, 12 km 
S on S.R. 52), Bizerte (Jefna on M.R.7; Jefna, 2.1 km W on 
M.R. 7), Jendouba (Ain Draham, 5.6 km S on M.R. 17; Ain 
Draham, 12.4 km S on M.R. 17; Ain Sebaa, 6.2 km E on M.R. 
7; Fernana, 3.1 km NW on S.R. 65; Tabarka, 14 km E on M.R. 
7; Tabarka, 3.5 km S on M.R. 17), Le Kef (Le Kef, 26 km NE 
on M.R. 5), Nabeul (Grombalia, 1 km NW on M.R. 1; Menzel 
Temime, 1.4 km SW on S.R. 27; Kelibia, 4 km NE on S.R. 
27), Siliana (Makthar, North city limits; Makthar 16 km E on 
M.R. 12 or 0.5 km E junction la Kesra road), Sousse (Bouficha, 
10.4 km N on M.R. 1), Tunis (La Marsa) (Daly, 1983).
General distribution: Albania, Algeria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, 
France, Georgia, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Kyrgyzstan, Malta, 
Montenegro, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, 
Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United States, 
and Uzbekistan (Ascher & Pickering, 2021). 

Ceratina (Euceratina) dentiventris Gerstäcker, 1869
Ceratina dentiventris Gerstäcker, 1869. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Croatia, France, Georgia, Germany, 
Greece, Israel, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, Romania, Spain, 
Tunisia, and Turkey (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Ceratina (Euceratina) maghrebensis Daly, 1983 
Ceratina maghrebensis Daly, 1983. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Jendouba (Tabarka), Kairouan 
(Kairouan, 17 km NW on M.R. 3), Kasserine (Sbeitla), 
Zaghouan (Pont du Fahs, 19 km SW on M.R. 4; Pont du Fahs, 
23 km NE on M.R. 3; Pont du Fahs, 20 km SW on M. R.4) 
(Daly, 1983). 
General distribution: Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).

Ceratina (Euceratina) mocsaryi Friese, 1896
Ceratina mocsaryi Friese, 1896a. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Jendouba (Ain Draham, 7 km S on 
M.R. 17 and 2 km NE on S.R. 65; Ain Draham, 15 km S on 
M.R. 17; Ain Draham, 7 km S on M.R. 17 and 2.8 km NE 
on S.R. 65; Ain Draham, 5.6 km S on M.R. 17; Ain Draham, 
12.4 km S on M. R.17; Ain Draham, 4.4 km S on M.R. 17; 
Ain Draham, Beni Métir Dam on S.R. 65; Tabarka, 14 km E 
on M.R. 7; Tabarka, 16.5 km S on M.R. 17; Ain Sebaa, 6.2 
km E on M.R. 7; Fernana, 11.3 km NW on S.R. 65), Nabeul 
(Grombalia, 1 km NW on M.R. 1), Siliana (Makthar, 16 km E 
on M.R. 12 or 0.5 km E junction la Kesra road) (Daly, 1983).
General distribution: Algeria, Armenia, France, Italy, 
Morocco, Portugal, Spain, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 
2021).



Hassib Ben Khedher, Mohamed Braham, Ikbal Chaib – Tunisian Apidae Fauna (Hymenoptera: Anthophila)18

Ceratina (Euceratina) saundersi Daly, 1983
Ceratina saundersi Daly, 1983. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Gabes (3 km SW Matmata) (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021); Beja (Nefza, Djebel Abiod, 12 km S on 
S.R. 52), Bizerte (Jefna on M.R. 7), Jendouba (Ain Sebaa, 6.2 
km E on M.R. 7, Fernana, 3.1 km NW on S.R. 65; Tabarka, 
16.5 km S on M.R. 17), Kasserine (Thala, 13 km SE on 
M.R. 17), Le Kef (Le Kef, 26 km NE on M.R. 5), Nabeul 
(Grombalia, 1 km NW on M.R. 1), Siliana (Makthar, North 
city limits; Makthar, 16 km E on M.R. 12 or 0.5 km E junction 
la Kesra road); Sousse (Bouficha, 10.4 km N on M.R. 1), 
Tunis (La Marsa), Zaghouan (Pont du Fahs, 19 km SW on 
M.R. 4; Pont du Fahs, 20 km SW on M.R. 4) (Daly, 1983).   
General distribution: Algeria, Italy, Libya, Morocco, Portugal, 
Spain, and Tunisia (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).
Tribe: Xylocopini Latreille, 1802
Genus: Xylocopa Latreille, 1802

Xylocopa (Copoxyla) iris (Christ, 1791)
Apis iris Christ, 1791. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunis (Quamart) (Vicidomini, 2005). 
General distribution: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Austria, 
Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, France, 
Bulgaria, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Israel, 
Italy, Kazakhstan, Libya, Macedonia, Moldova, Morocco, 
Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Spain, 
Switzerland, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, 
Ukraine, and Uzbekistan (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Xylocopa (Xylocopa) violacea (Linnaeus, 1758)
Apis violacea Linnaeus, 1758. 
Distribution in Tunisia: Tunisia: no specific locality (Ascher 
& Pickering, 2021).
General distribution: Algeria, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Georgia, 
Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Kazakhstan, Libya, Morocco, 
Russia, Syria, Tajikistan, Tunisia, Turkey, and Turkmenistan, 
very common in Europe (Ascher & Pickering, 2021).

Discussion

Our study states that the Tunisian fauna of Apidae 
is composed of 184 species and subspecies belonging to 19 
genera. The reported fauna is rich in terms of genera but not 
in species compared to Moroccan fauna where have been 
reported 15 genera and 241 species (Lhomme et al., 2020).

An uncertain identification for some species were 
noticed leading to the need for a re-examination of the 
specimens such as of Nomada femorata reported from Tunis 
province (Belvédère, Carthage) and Anthophora sp. from 
Tozeur (Schulthess, 1924). Also, Dusmet & Alonso (1932) 
reported Nomada species from Tunisia (Nomada discrepans 
Schmiedeknecht, 1882 var.?, Nomada n. sp. ? (furva Panz. 
var. ?), Nomada sp. ? (immaculata Mor. ?)) but without a 
clear identification. This may correspond to species already 
mentioned and for this reason they are excluded from the 
present list.

Some researchers (Maidl, 1922; Schulthess, 1924; 
Dusmet & Alonso, 1932; Ascher & Pickering, 2021) reported 
some species and subspecies from Tunisia, but without 
mentioning the specific locality. The total number of these 
taxa were 54 and the confirmation of their presence in Tunisia 
may be confirmed.

Geographically, Tunisia is divided into three main 
regions: North, Center and South regions (Fig 1). The North 
region is the most diverse in Apidae species with about 80% 
of the total number of species in the country (Fig 4). This 
may be related to edaphic, climatic and vegetation conditions 
characterizing this region which are favorable to the biology 
of those species. The East Center part of Tunisia including 
the Tunisian coast is the least rich area with only 16 species 
and subspecies. Future investigations in this area are required 
to contribute to knowledge of biodiversity of the apids in 
Tunisia (Figs 3, 4). A total of species recorded, only five are 
endemic to Tunisian fauna (Table 1).

Fig 3. Apidae species number per province in Tunisia.



Sociobiology 69(3): e8151 (September, 2022) 19

Table 1. Endemic and near endemic Apidae species in Tunisia. The symbol “+” means presence.

Species Algeria Libya Morocco Tunisia
Ammobates Latreille, 1809 
A. assimilis (Warncke, 1983) +
A. hipponensis Pérez, 1902 + +
A. minor (Pérez, 1902) + + +
A. minutissimus Mavromoustakis, 1959 +
Ammobatoides Radoszkowski, 1867 
A. schachti Schawarz, 1988 + +
Anthophora Latreille, 1803 
A. holoxantha Pérez, 1895 + + +
Ancyla Lepeletier, 1841
A. brevis Dours, 1873

+ + +

Ceratina Latreille, 1802 
C. maghrebensis Daly, 1983 + + +
Epeolus Latreille, 1802
E. collaris Pérez, 1884 + + +
Eucera Scopoli, 1770
E. alopex Risch, 1999 +
E. bequaerti Alfken, 1914 + + +
E. genovefae Vachal, 1907 + + +
E. polita Pérez, 1895 + + +
E. spatulata Gribodo, 1893 + + +
E. vachali Pérez, 1895 + + +
E. warnckei Risch, 1999 + +
Nomada Scopoli, 1770
N. algira Mocsáry, 1883 + + +
N. brevis Saunders, 1908 + + +
N. carthaginensis Dusmet & Alonso, 1932 + + +
N. ibanezi Dusmet & Alonso, 1915 + +
N. inermis Pérez, 1895 +
N. keroanensis Pérez, 1895 + +
N. mideltiaca Schwarz, Smit & Ockermüller, 2019 + +
N. panurginoides Saunders, 1908 + + +
N. podagrica Gribodo, 1893 + +
Spinopasites Warncke, 1983
S. spinotus (Warncke, 1983) +

Fig 4. Apidae species number per region in Tunisia.



Hassib Ben Khedher, Mohamed Braham, Ikbal Chaib – Tunisian Apidae Fauna (Hymenoptera: Anthophila)20

This list represents the first attempt to review Apidae 
fauna of Tunisia. More investigations on wild bees are necessary 
to improve our knowledge to this fauna in the country.

Acknowledgments 

We would like to thank anonymous referees and the 
Editor, who significantly improved the quality of the paper 
and all our colleagues, specifically Dr. Faten Abdelkader who 
gave us some old references.

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