item: #1 of 660 id: sajems-1031 author: Wordsworth, R; Erasmus, BJ title: The views of HR practitioners on ethical issues within organisations: A South African perspective date: 2014-05-22 words: 7816 flesch: 41 summary: 13 LACHNIT, C. (2002) “Why ethics is HR’s issue”, Workforce, 81(3): 10. 14 MARTIN, G. & WOLDRING, K. (2001) “Ready for the mantle: Australian human resource managers as stewards of ethics”, International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12(2): 243-255. 15 MCNAMARA, C. (2001) “Complete guide to ethics management: An ethics toolkit for managers”, Unpublished guidebook, www.mapnp. 4 BUSS, D. (2004) “Corporate compasses: The increasingly important corporate ethics function doesn’t have to be a challenge to HR’s role in upholding ethical business behaviour”, HR Magazine, 49(6): keywords: behaviour; business ethics; ethics; function; hr function; human; management; organisation; resource; respondents; role cache: sajems-1031.pdf plain text: sajems-1031.txt item: #2 of 660 id: sajems-1062 author: Horn, GS title: Black economic empowerment in the Eastern Cape automotive industry: Challenges and policies date: 2014-05-22 words: 8367 flesch: 42 summary: The objectives of this article are therefore to outline: • practical problems experienced by BEE and small suppliers in the Eastern Cape automotive supply chain; • the possible effects of these problems on risk and complexity in the South African automotive supply chain; • policies and procedures currently in place to assist BEE and small suppliers in the South African automotive industry to secure more contracts; and • challenges faced by higher education and other training institutions in their efforts to develop the required human resource capacity among BEE suppliers. This paper outlines these practical problems experienced by BEE suppliers, the effects of these problems on risk and complexity in the South African automotive industry and policies that address these problems and assist BEE suppliers to become A-rated suppliers. keywords: africa; automotive; bee; bee suppliers; business; chain; development; industry; oems; problems; production; quality; skills; south; suppliers; supply cache: sajems-1062.pdf plain text: sajems-1062.txt item: #3 of 660 id: sajems-1065 author: Van Niekerk, AJ title: Globalisation and global economic governance: Contextualising the interpretations and the debate. A review of literature date: 2014-05-22 words: 8380 flesch: 41 summary: If economic globalisation is associated with the integration of separate national economies, so that the actual organisation of economic activity transcends national frontiers, then a global economy might be said to have emerged. In essence, the article provides a survey of the literature concerned with theories and the historical context for globalisation and global economic governance. keywords: debate; economic; economy; globalisation; governance; international; new; order; process; processes; trade; world; world economy cache: sajems-1065.pdf plain text: sajems-1065.txt item: #4 of 660 id: sajems-1088 author: Gouws, DG; Habtezion, A; Vermaak, FNS; Wolmarans, H P title: The relationship between employee and customer satisfaction in the balanced scorecard date: 2014-06-05 words: 6480 flesch: 45 summary: 4.2.2 Single and multiple regression analysis The regression results presented in Table 4 indicate that the level of the independent variables, employee satisfaction measures and customer satisfaction measures act as a factor of the dependent variables of employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction respectively. This indicates that, as employee satisfaction increases, there is a likelihood that customer satisfaction measures will also increase. keywords: business; customer; customer satisfaction; employee; employee satisfaction; factors; flight; measures; relationship; satisfaction; study; working cache: sajems-1088.pdf plain text: sajems-1088.txt item: #5 of 660 id: sajems-1091 author: Steyn, Elanie; Steyn, TFJ title: Managerial competencies among first-line newsroom managers at small to medium-sized mainstream media enterprises in South Africa date: 2014-06-05 words: 9615 flesch: 44 summary: However, the traditional notion that journalists work independently makes this a difficult task for media managers (see Fink, 1996: 80). However, the multicultural nature of the South African society additionally requires media managers to be sensitive towards these differences in the local context (see Nsidi, 2002). keywords: agencies; competencies; competency; difference; effect; implementation; management; managers; media; news; news agencies; newspapers; radio; reporters; south; stations cache: sajems-1091.pdf plain text: sajems-1091.txt item: #6 of 660 id: sajems-1136 author: Swart, Barbara title: Fair pricing, and pricing paradoxes date: 2016-05-13 words: 5088 flesch: 70 summary: The “fair” pricing formula (1.4) for St Petersburg games does not appear to satisfy all the criteria of fair pricing. In summary: The “fair” pricing formula (1.4) for St Petersburg games does not satisfy all the criteria in respect of fair pricing. keywords: game; paradox; payoff; petersburg; price; pricing cache: sajems-1136.pdf plain text: sajems-1136.txt item: #7 of 660 id: sajems-1148 author: Hwang, E-G; Guo, R title: Cultural similarity and international trade in a panel of nations date: 2014-07-10 words: 40914 flesch: -780 summary: �� :�� ������ ��# �����������<���� �� �'��; ������ ��9�;; �9 ���!�����; E����D��������:� ����D����� ��# �C����!�������������#�� �������� ������ ��� ������� � ���� ��� ���� � ��� � �� ����� ��� ��� ����� ���������� ��� ������� ��� ���� + ��:����� �#����+���@ ��'�%��������+�� N����O� %���������� �����&��������� � �������� � �� �� ���� �� ���� ���������� ����� � ���� � � � � �� ?� ������ ��� �������� � ����� � � ���������� ����� ���������������������������� �� ���������������� �������������� ���� ������ � ���������� ����� �������� ����� �������� � ����� � � ������ �� !���� ������������� ������ �� ��#$�#%��&�'��(#� # )����������� ������ � � ���������������� �*���� *����+�� ����� ����������� ��� ���������� +� �� ���������!� ������,-������ � � ������ �� ! � ���������� ����*� ���������,$���,%��&�' ��(.#��/��������������� ����� � ���������������� ����� ���0��������� ��������������� �������� ������ ��� � ������������� �� !�� ������� 1 ������������������������ �+��!��� ������ ������� ���������� �������������� ���!����� ��� ��� ��2��������� ����������1.������-��� ��������- 3���-���1��)��*� �-���1,��� �/�� -���1��� ( ����� ���������� ���������2�� �������� ���������� ��2���� ����� ����...�� )�����4� ���!��� �5 ����-��*����6� ����!� ���� ����*� � �������!-����� ����� ��� ��� ��� �������� ����������,(0������� �� -�*� ���� � ��������*���� �� ����� �����������!���� � /������� ������������2�����,�-����������� ����0 ��������� �������� ���� ������7 ������ �������������8 ���9):��� �;����-� ��������� ��� �� ����� ����� : �� ��-�;<����5�� ���-��� ���=� ��-�����-����! � ��� � �� ������������� ������ ��� � �� , ���������� ��������������� �������� � ������ � ������ ��!���� ���� ���+���� ���� �������� ��� � ���� �> ���� � )����������!-�?��������������������������� ���������������%. ���� �� ��� 8� ����9��)����-�;���� �����*�K� 2�9��+� ���! B ���I���*�K� 2� �# =594@:�-�B�5������(��74 �*����*� � �� � �I �� ������ ������> �����-8����������� $ ����� �� � ����� � % ��0���-��I�#��0�� �1 ?/�DE5-�)����������%�� ��� �� ��� �� ��� �� �� ������ ����-���*�K� 2I�H����N���!��� �)���� �( ?/��E@:��-�C�������%�� � �������� � &���� ��� ������ ���� � �� ��� ������-��� ��0C����� I :���� ��� � @:�)�/E?D-�E��J�@/?�E5-�C���� ���������� ���� $� ��� � � ������ ��� ������ ���-�;�� � �� 9��+� ���!�B ���I���*�K� 2� �� @:�)�/E?D-�E��J��5A�)A�-�5�������� 7��������������������!������6� 0��*� �� � � ���*�-8�/������ $� ��� � � ������ ��� ������ ���- @������� -�E��J�@���� -�C���� ����;�� � �� 9��+� ���!�B ���I���*�K� 2� �, @:5=9)E�-�H�����,��7E��������������+�� �� ���� � �I�:�������������� ����-8�%���� � � ����� � ��0���-��I��..�0��� �� A49?EDA-�M��J�@:;BCEE-�;������1� 74 �+��!��� ���I�:� ��� � ��������� ��� ��������������� ��� ������� !�� � ��� ��������-8 %�� ���� � ����� �-��I��.�0�.� #. keywords: e � cache: sajems-1148.pdf plain text: sajems-1148.txt item: #8 of 660 id: sajems-1150 author: Yirga, C; Hassan, RM title: Poverty and soil conservation efforts among smallholder farmers in the central highlands of Ethiopia date: 2014-07-10 words: 54843 flesch: -871 summary: ����(�����)������������ )���� ��������� ����� �#� ������� ��� �� ���� ���������������������� �������� ������#� ��� ������(��������������� ���� � ���6�8������ & � �'� � ������#� �� ���)�����2�������& �� �������������������������� ��������������+�,��� �������,��-!!9���������������������������� ��������������������1������������������ ������ ��(���������������� ������������������������ ���������� ������������(���������������' �������� ��� �� � ���� �(�����,��� ��� ��� ���������������� �������������,����)������(���# �������������������������'������ �����(���#� ������� �� ����� �� ��� �� ������������ �������������������������������� �����������(����������5�����#������������������ ������������������� ��������#�������������#��� ��� ����� ��� �������� ������������'� ��(���#� �� ���(���(������������������������������������ �� ���������� �����������������������,����� ��(���#�� � �� ��� ����� ��� �,�)��� ������� �� ���� ���(�� ���� ������ ���,���� ���� ����� � ��������� ���(����'� ������ ����������� � ���������� ����������������(�������������# ������������������������� ��������� �����'�0� ������� ������� ��������������� �#�����������)�� ����������������������#��������������C ����� � ���(���#�������������������������� ��������� �������������� ������������(�����������������# ������������ ������� ��� ���� ���������� � ��������' � ��� � ����������������� ����� B�����������������)��� ����������'�B��� ����� �� ������������� �������������������������������� ���������� �#� �����������������������C ������� ��(���#�������������������������� ��������� ���������� ������������(�������#������������ ������������������������� ���������'�B��������� � �������������� ���������(������������� ������ ��������������������' � �� ������������� *�� ����� ����� #� �� ����������� ������ ���� ������������ �������������� � ���������������� ������D� �)�������� � � ���� ���������������� �������'�B������B�������������� ������������� �������,�����)������(���#�������������� ����� ������������ ���� ��������#� � � ��� � � ����� ������(�����������������#������������� ������' ����� ������ ���� ������ � ���� ��� B��� ������������ �� ������#�����������������)��� ���� ��������� � ����������������������� ����� ������������������������������ ������������� ������������������� ���������'�������������(�� ������������� ���������� ������������������ ����� ��� ������� ��(����� ������ ������ � � ���� � �������������(���� ����������� �������������' 2#�����������#� ������ ������������ ������D ������������ ��������������������������������# �� ��� ��������������������������������������(�� ������������� ������������������������,��#��� ���������� )���� ���� ��� � � �����������(����� ���������'� B�� ��(��������� ���� �� � ����� � �#�������1���(������������������������� ����� ������������ ������ ������������ �������� � �����#��������������������� ���' 11 ’ 0 * 1 εγγ ++= XZ � otherwise 0 ,0 if 1 *11 >= ZZ ��� )���� *1Z �������������(����������������������� ���������� ����� �H � �������������(��������4 F � �����������#�(���������������������������(�� ��(����#�� �������������������)�����&����������� ��������;��(��������������������!������)���4 �� ��� �� (������ � � ��� �������4� ��� 1ε � ��� �� ������������#������������#�������� ��������� �����)���������!�����(�������� 2σ '���������� ����(������������� ���������������������������� �������������� �����������������'-'& ����� ����� ��� ��� ���� ���� ��� ��� ��� B������������������������������������� ���� ������������������ �������'� 0�� ����#���� ��� �� � ������ ���(���#������������(������������� � � ����� ������������ ��� ��������� � � ���� ������(������ ��� ���� �������� ���������� � ��������'� B��� ��������#� � � ��� � � �����;���� � ��������� ������������������� ������;���� � ������������������������� � ��(�������'�B�� ���������� ������� ���� ��� ���� ���� ������ �� �������� ��������;������ ���'��(�������� �� �������� )��� ������� ��(���� ������ ���� �����;������ ������#�������(������������������ ���������� ���������������������'������������ � ��������#��������C �����=: ������ ����������� ����� �������� ���� ���������� ������' � B�� ������������������� ������������� ���� ������ ����������� �����������������������:�����& 34 A������& �4��������-!!!�'�B����������������� ����� �������� (������� � � ���� ������� ������ �����������������#���������������#�� ��������� �������������������������� �����������(�� ��� ���������� � ����������� ������������)���G 22 ’* 2 εβ += XZ otherwise 0 ,0 if *2 * 22 >= ZZZ �7� )�����H � � ������?�K�&�(������� ����������# ������4��������(������� ���� �������4���� 2ε ��� ������������#������������#�������� ��������� ��� ������� �� ����� �� ��� �����)���������!�����(�������� 2σ ' � :;����� �� ���� � ��� ����� �H������� ����� ���� �� ������ �� � ���� � � � �� �>�� �� $��������� ����� ��� �7��*���������;�� ���; �� ��=�%�� ��%����� � � 8�%8�@(�� ��� 7� G@;��� ;�%�� �--/!� :5 $� �� ��� ������������ ��� �� ���� � �� �� � ������� ����� � ��=����� ��� ���� ���� � ��� �� � ����� �>�� ����� $�������� �� �& -!= �)-/��/91� � & ;<*�8%6�� 3�� 7� <@5��(�� ;�� �99�!� :*���� �������� �� �� �� ��� �� ������ �� ���� � ������� � =���� � ������ �� ��������� � �� �>� ��������� ��� $�������� ����������� 1= &&/�&/.� � ) ;<*�8%6�� 3�� 7� <@5��(�� ��;�� �--.! :8��������������� � �� ������ � ������ � �� ����� � � ��� ���� ��� � ��� � � �� � � ���� ��=��������� ���� �% � �� ���(�� � ;����>�� ������� ���� ����������� �.=� �&&��)?� � / ;@((�G�5��� 3�D�+�;�� 7� 4�J,�8�� C�%� �99&!�:5� ��� ������������=��� ���� ����� � �� ��� �� � �� ����� � ��� ���� � � �� �>�� &��� $������ ��� < $�������� �� �)=� /��&� � 1 ;@F5��� C�+�B� %3�3%J��� �������� /������ �# ������� ���� ����������� .� )! keywords: � � cache: sajems-1150.pdf plain text: sajems-1150.txt item: #9 of 660 id: sajems-1193 author: Sethibe, Tebogo Gilbert; Steyn, Renier title: The relationship between leadership styles, innovation and organisational performance: A systematic review date: 2015-08-25 words: 7025 flesch: 26 summary: The model investigates how transformational leadership style can influence organisational innovation and organisational performance. More recently, Noruzy et al. (2013) developed a model using transformational leadership style, organisational learning, knowledge management, organisational innovation and organisational performance. keywords: articles; innovation; knowledge; leadership; leadership style; performance; relationship; review; studies; transactional cache: sajems-1193.pdf plain text: sajems-1193.txt item: #10 of 660 id: sajems-1198 author: Alimi, T; Bamire, AS; Ayanwale, AB title: Socio-economic consequences of technical change in palm fruit processing in Osun State, Nigeria date: 2014-08-19 words: 39334 flesch: -1254 summary: ��� �����'�� ������ ��)�� �����)� ��� ���� �� ��������� ����������� �%% �� �������������� � ���� ���� � �� �������� ��� ����� ��� ��� �������� �� �� � ���� �� ��� ��� ������� ��� ������� �� ������� ��� ����� ������ �!� ������� ��� �������� �� ����� �� ���� � ��� ��������������� �������� ������� � ��� ���� �� �� �� � � � �� �� 8���2 ���&4 ��2���4 ��2���4 ����� 7�����# �2 ���&4 ���2���4 ���2���4 ����� ��#�&&����������&�9� ���2���4 ���2���4 ����� $� '����(����#�&&�������&+���#�&&������������# #�� ���2���4 ���2���4 ������ $� '����(�����&�)����+ ���+����#�&&��������� ����2����4 �����2����4 ������ �����������(���� �����&�� ����2����4 ����2����4 ������ $� '����(����#�&&���������&+ ��� ��2���4 ��2���4 ������ 1��!� &��(���'���+��� �����2���4 ���2���4 ������ � � ������ � � � ���� � � 1�#)����)���+��� �2���4 �����������(����#�&&��&��-�������� ����&& ����� ����� 1��!� &��(�)������'���+��� ���2���4 ���2���4 ����� �-���&)���������� �&����� ��� ��� ��5 �(� ��� ��� ��� ���������� �� �#�������� ������ ��������%� �� ����!�!������ ����� ���� � 2������������������������������������ ��� � �� ������������� ���� �'����� ������� �������� �����������������5���������������������� ��� ��������� �)����� ����)��� ����)�������������� ������ ���������� �������������� ����� ���� � �� �������������� �����)����� ��������)��� �� � ���)���� ���� �� ��� ������� 2��� ���� +����������� ������� �������������������� ����� ����� ���������� � ���������������������������� � ! %' �������������������� ������������� ���� ���� $%%:��2��� � ���������������������������� ���� ���������� ������� ������������D������ �*��� ��� 2��� ������� ������ ���� ���� ������������ � ���� ����������� ������������ �� ������ ���������� ���� ������� ����������� ����������������� D���������� ���������� ������ ������� �������� ������ ����� ������ �������������������������-� �������7������ �� ��������'��������������� ���� � ������������� ���� ����������� ������������� �����������������4%��� ������� ������ �������� ���� ���� �� �� �� ���������� 2��� � �������� ���� ���� ����������������������������� �������� ���������� ������� ����������������� ������� ������������������ ���� ������������� ���� ���� �� �� ����� ���� ��������� � ��� ���� ' � �� �� ����� �� ������ ������������������� ����� �� 2��� ������� ����������������� ��� �������� ���� ���� � ��� ���� ������ � ����������� �� ���� �� ���� ����� ������ �� ����� ��� 2�� +���������� ������������ �������������������� ������������������ ���� �������� ������������ � � � ������������ 7�� �������� � � �������� ���� ���� ��� ����������������������������� �������� � � � ��������� ���� ���� � ��� �� � ������ �����������'��������������� ������� � � ����������������� � � ����� ����������� ��� ������ ,���������� �������� ����� ��� � ��� �� ���� ���������� �� �� ���� ������� ���� �� � ������ ���������� � ���� � ���� ���������� ������+�� ���������� ���� ������������ �������� � ��� ����������������� �� ����� ���� �� ������ ��� ��� ������� �� �� F��� ������������������� ������� ������������ �+������ ���� ������� � ���� ���� ����� ��� ������ �������������������� � ���������� ������ � � ���� ����� ���� � ��������� ��������� 2�� �� � ������� ����������� � � ������� � � �� � ����� ����������������������������������4��� ����� ������� ������ ��������� �������������� ���� �� � �������������������������� �������� ����� � ����� ����� ���������� ��������������������� �F������0�2� ��� �� . keywords: � � cache: sajems-1198.pdf plain text: sajems-1198.txt item: #11 of 660 id: sajems-1238 author: Barros, Carlos; Wanke, Peter title: Cost efficiency of African insurance companies using a finite mixture model date: 2016-03-02 words: 8048 flesch: 55 summary: Key words: Africa; insurance companies; stochastic cost frontier; latent class model, technical efficiency; panel data JEL:G22, 14, L1 1 Introduction This study paper aims to contribute to the literature by analysing the efficiency of a sample of African insurance companies from Angola and Mozambique, as internalisation is a growing trend in this sector (Outreville, 2008). First, this research fills a gap in the literature by analysing insurance companies in Angola and Mozambique, because, to the best of our knowledge, no papers have been published on this subject. keywords: angola; companies; cost; efficiency; frontier; group; industry; insurance; insurance companies; insurance industry; journal; life; model; mozambique cache: sajems-1238.pdf plain text: sajems-1238.txt item: #12 of 660 id: sajems-1239 author: Ziaullah, Muhammad; Yi, Feng; Akhter, Shumaila Naz title: The synergistic and complementary effects of supply chain justice and integration practices on supply chain performance: A conceptual framework and research propositions date: 2015-11-27 words: 8947 flesch: 45 summary: The contingent perspective in supply chain management maintains that it is necessary to observe the interaction between SCI practices and supply chain justice. In order to contribute to this research problem, we analysed supply chain justice instances in order to determine the importance of supply chain justice, as well as highlights complementary role in SCI and its influences on supply chain performance. keywords: chain integration; chain justice; chain performance; integration; journal; justice; management; partners; performance; practices; relationship; sci; sci practices; scp; supply chain cache: sajems-1239.pdf plain text: sajems-1239.txt item: #13 of 660 id: sajems-124 author: Paul Dachapalli, Leigh-Anne; Parumasur, Sanjana Brijball title: The prevalence and magnitude of job insecurity date: 2012-08-22 words: 8956 flesch: 56 summary: Key words: job insecurity, job threats, powerfulness, powerlessness, importance of job features, total job JEL: J280, 630 1 Introduction South Africa is undergoing tremendous changes in the political, economic, legal, social and educational environments. Hence, this study aims to: • investigate the prevalence and magnitude of job insecurity on the part of employees in an organisation undergoing major transformation; and • assess whether significant intercorrelations exist among the sub-dimensions of job insecurity (the importance of job features, the existence of job features, perceived threats to job features, the importance of the total job, perceived threats to the total job and feelings of power/powerlessness). keywords: cent; employees; existence; importance; items; job; job features; job insecurity; level; mean; organisation; study; threats; total cache: sajems-124.pdf plain text: sajems-124.txt item: #14 of 660 id: sajems-1247 author: None title: sajems-1247 date: None words: 6167 flesch: 38 summary: Earnings management The tools of earnings management are detailed as follows. Moreover, Wang, Jiang, Liu and Wang (2015) demonstrated that managers of listed firms consider that investors cannot identify earnings management through DAs; therefore, to generate a favourable image of businesses among investors, such as reduced capital cost, they are highly likely to attempt to adopt earnings management through DA items, inducing EVA to increase: H1: Earnings management through DA manipulation of earnings has a significantly positive relationship with EVA. keywords: african; capital; earnings; earnings management; eva; g20; journal; management; nations; relationship; rem; value; year t cache: sajems-1247.htm plain text: sajems-1247.txt item: #15 of 660 id: sajems-1249 author: Bussin, Mark; Blair, Chris title: Financial indicators of company performance in different industries that affect CEO remuneration in South Africa date: 2015-11-27 words: 9074 flesch: 54 summary: May 2015 In an attempt to address the growing gap between chief executive officer (CEO) remuneration and that of the general worker, reign in rising CEO remuneration, and justify the portion of long-term incentive pay that makes up the bulk of CEO remuneration, shareholders and other stakeholders are trying to find definitive factors that will link CEO remuneration to company performance. This study investigated eleven financial indicators of company performance to determine which of them have significant and positive relationships to CEO remuneration in different industries in South Africa. keywords: 2013; ceo; ceo remuneration; company; company performance; industry; lti; pay; performance; portion; relationship; remuneration; share; south; term cache: sajems-1249.pdf plain text: sajems-1249.txt item: #16 of 660 id: sajems-1251 author: Saville, Adrian David; White, Lyall title: Bringing Pankaj Ghemawat to Africa: Measuring African economic integration date: 2016-03-02 words: 10638 flesch: 52 summary: Third, the definition of economic integration adopted here identifies four specific dimensions along which to measure global economic integration, namely the movement of goods and services, or trade (T); financial integration, represented by the movement of capital (C); the movement of information and knowledge (I), such as access to information, ideas and technology; and the SAJEMS NS 19 (2016) Figure 7 Global and regional elements of Visa Africa integration index (2012) keywords: africa; africa integration; breadth; countries; country; data; depth; flows; foreign; global; index; integration; integration index; trade; visa cache: sajems-1251.pdf plain text: sajems-1251.txt item: #17 of 660 id: sajems-1258 author: Viljoen, Kotie; Blaauw, Phillip Frederick; Schenck, Rinie title: “I would rather have a decent job”: Potential barriers preventing street-waste pickers from improving their socio-economic conditions date: 2016-04-11 words: 9179 flesch: 55 summary: The work and lives of street waste pickers in Pretoria – a case study of recycling in South Africa’s urban informal economy. Economic and social aspects of street waste pickers in South Africa. keywords: activities; africa; barriers; capital; cent; data; economic; economy; income; labour; levels; research; school; schooling; social; south; street; waste pickers cache: sajems-1258.pdf plain text: sajems-1258.txt item: #18 of 660 id: sajems-1260 author: Fourie, Erika; Verster, Tanja; van Vuuren, Gary Wayne title: A proposed quantitative credit-rating methodology for South African provincial departments date: 2016-05-13 words: 11641 flesch: 44 summary: total expenditure to total provincial expenditure) (x4) • ln(departmental personnel expenditure to departmental adjusted budget) (x8) • ln(departmental personnel expenditure to total provincial personnel expenditure) (x9) • Grouped(departmental annual appropriation of revenue to total departmental revenue) (x27) • ln(departmental An increase in the ratio departmental capital expenditure to total provincial expenditure, ln_x14, leads to a deterioration of payment behaviour. keywords: credit; data; expenditure; linear; model; national; provincial; rating; regression; revenue; south; total; variable cache: sajems-1260.pdf plain text: sajems-1260.txt item: #19 of 660 id: sajems-1292 author: Darroch, MAG; Hardman, PA; Ortmann, GF title: An assessment of apple orchard investments in South Africa under uncertainty and irreversibility date: 2004-11-30 words: 40865 flesch: -354 summary: ����.$.�� ��� ��5 �����/����� � �����7��� 8���������� �� �������� ����� ���� ���������$ 0�� � �� B7C� ����� � � �� � �� 7���� 8��� �� ���� ���� ������ � ���� � ������� � %�� ���������������� � ��19�!*A����� ������ �� ����������� �������� ��������111� ��9���� ����� ��� �� ����� ������ ��1!H�A A�� ����� � A9����������� ��� �� �� ���#$���& ���������.$. � ���������������19�!*A�� �� �����-���� ��� # ������ ���� ����������� ��������������� �� � 1 A�99,����� ������$���& ���������.$.�� �� �� �������������I�9������������� ��-���� ���A#����� ���� ��������� ������� ������������ ��� ��7��� 8���������� �� �������� ��������� �� �� �� $*, ��������$�� � ��� ������ �������� ���� ���( ������ �� ����� � ��� � �� 4� ����� +���� ��� 8����� ��?� ������ � � ���(�� �������� � ��� ��� �� �� ���������� ���������7����8��� ������ �� ������ �� ���������������������211 ��������� ��� $*,����������� ����-����������� ������������������� ���������� ������������� ���������� ��& ���1 A�99,����� ����������� ���� � ������������� �����������������$������������ � ��I�9������������ ��������5 �����/����� � ������ �� �������� ����� ����� ��4� �����+������� 8����� ��?� ���� �� ���������������������211 ��������� ���!$*9����������� �� ��������������� ��� ���������� ������������������������ ��& �� 1 ,� ,H� ���� �������� ��� ����� � � ������� ���� �����������������$ ��� ������ � � �� �� � � ������ � #�� ) ����)�� ��� �����)������ ������������ � ��&� ����� ���������� ���& ������������� ���� ���� ���� ��� ������� � ��� �����)����� ����� �������! ��� ���� �������# ������ ������$�����%� &����� ��������������<�������.����������������������������� 7�������� �������� ��4�(�� ��4��� ��4�#�� ����� ����� �� ����������������������������� ��� ���� ���� ��������������������������������� ���� ���� ��� � ��!���!��������������������� ��� ������ ������ ��!���!����!���������� �� ��� # �� # �����# ��������� ����������������������������� ��� ���� ���� ��������������������������������� � � �� � �� �� ��!���!��������������������� ����� ��� � � ���� ��!���!����!���������� �� �� # ��� �# � ���# � ��7����8���������� �� �������� ������ � ���� ��������� ������� ������������ ���� � �� �� � ��� � ��� �� � �� 5 ����� /����� � � �� ��� ���� ������������������ � ��������������� ����( ��� ������������� �� �������� �� ��� ��� ���� �� ������ ��������������-����������������� �� ����������������� ���������� ��� ��7����8��� ������ �� ������� ������ ����� ��� �$�� � � �� ��� � ��� ��� � �� �� ��� �� � � � � ���������� ��� � � ������ ���� �� ������ � ���� ��A��& ��$�� ����������������������������� ��� �� �� ���������������������������������� � ��� ��7����8�������� �������� ��� ������ �� &�������������� �� � �� �� $�' ����������� � ������ � � �������� ������������� �����&������� ������ �� �� ��� �� ��������� �������� �� �� �=�� ��� � �� � �� ������$�� � ��������� ������ � � ���� ��� �� ��� ������ ����� ��>�� ����� �&��?���� �����$��.,, #��7���� ������$�� !! AF� 9#����������� ������������������������� ��*9�� � ����� ������� ����� �� �� ���������� � & � ��������� ��� ��� ����������� ����� ���� � � �� �� ��������� �� �����������������$�� � �� ��������������� ��� ��7����8���� �� ��� �1A�* H���� � �1.�9H#�������� �� ���������� ���������� ����� ������ �������������������� � ���������� �������������� � $�0��������� ��7��� 8��������������������� ������������� ����������� ������ � ������ �������� ������� ��� ��&�� �� �� ����� ����9,����������&������� ,#�:��� � �� �� ��� ��� �� �� � �� ��� ��������� � � � ��� ������$�� � ���� ��� � ���� ��� �����7����8��� ������ �� �������� ������� ����&��� ������������ � ����� ����&���������������� ��� ���� ����� � �� � � � �� ���������� ��� � � ��������� ����� �� ���� ��.��& ��$ ��� ����� ��� �� ��� ����� ��� ����� � ����� ��� � ������ � �� ��� ��&���A� ������ � �� ���� ��� � ��� �� �� ������� ����� � �� ��� ��� ��������� ����& ������ � ������������������& ��������� � ���) � ����� ������ � ��� ���� ������� �� �������� ����� ������� ������ ���$�� ��� ��� � �������) ���� � ������ � � ����������� ��� ��� ����� ��������� �� ���� � �) � �� ������ ��� ��� �� ���� ��&�������� ������ � ����� ����� ���#$�� ��7����8��������������) � ������) ��� # � � ������ ����� �� ������� ����� ������� ������ � ��� � �� 5 ����� /����� � � ������ �:�� ������ ��������� � �� ��������� ������ � ������ � � � ���� �������� �� ����� &� ��� ��� �$ ������������ ��� ����� ��� ������ �� �� ������,��������&�)����� ����� ����������������� � ���� ) ����������������� ���� �� � ���� ��� ������� � ��� �����)����� ������ �������! ��� ���� �������# ������ ������$���� %� ��� ����� ��� � ������ ����������*&�+� ���-����� ���&����� %������� �6��*78'', � 9���/ ��� : ��������� ;�����/ ��� ����� ����� ���*�, ����� �� ��� ��� ���� � � ��� ����� �� �� ��� ����������*�, ����� ��� ��� ��� ���� ��� �� ��� ����� � � � �� ��� ������ � ��� �� �� ����� � ��� � �� ����� ��� > ����� ��� ���������� �� ������ ���� ����� ���� � �� O12��� ������� �� � ��� � � � � ������ �-���� � ��*#�� � �� ��!#�������-���� ���.#� ��&���*� � �� ���� ��� �������� ��� ������� ���������� ��������������I�9������������ � $! keywords: � � cache: sajems-1292.pdf plain text: sajems-1292.txt item: #20 of 660 id: sajems-1312 author: Kamala, Peter Nasiema; Wingard, Christa; Cronje, Christo title: Users’ corporate environmental information needs date: 2016-11-25 words: 7550 flesch: 39 summary: No 4:579-591 5.5.2 Where environmental information should be reported To determine which medium was preferred by the respondents, they were asked to indicate how often they read environmental reports from two types of media, namely print media and company websites. Using a questionnaire, this study investigated the environmental information needs of South African users of environmental reports. keywords: 2010; accounting; cent; companies; environmental; information; needs; reading; reporting; reports; users cache: sajems-1312.pdf plain text: sajems-1312.txt item: #21 of 660 id: sajems-1317 author: Greyling, Talita title: The expected well-being of urban refugees and asylum-seekers in Johannesburg date: 2016-05-13 words: 10730 flesch: 54 summary: Key words: expected well-being, Johannesburg, forced migrants, refugees, Asylum-seekers, South Africa, well-being JEL: D6, F23, J11, O15 1 Introduction Since South Africa’s transition to democracy, the influx into the country of asylum-seekers from across Africa has increased almost tenfold. On studies relating to xenophobia in South Africa, Neocosmos (2008) and Crush and Dodson (2007) found that South Africans had a negative attitude to foreigners and that such an attitude negatively affected the well-being of forced migrants. keywords: africa; asylum; cent; country; factors; income; migrants; migration; refugees; seekers; south; south africa; study; variable cache: sajems-1317.pdf plain text: sajems-1317.txt item: #22 of 660 id: sajems-1324 author: Matthee, Marianne; Idsardi, Ernst; Krugell, Waldo title: Can South Africa sustain and diversify its exports? date: 2016-05-13 words: 7890 flesch: 52 summary: Intensive export diversification, on the other hand, involves the shares of export volumes across existing export products or partners. The analysis shows that export products that are further from the country’s comparative advantage, make smaller contributions to growth in the intensive margin. keywords: africa; capital; cent; country; endowment; exports; growth; manufactures; margin; products; south; south africa; technology cache: sajems-1324.pdf plain text: sajems-1324.txt item: #23 of 660 id: sajems-1327 author: Katombe, Madi; Munapo, Elias title: The quest for process operations variability reduction in manufacturing firms in South Africa date: 2016-09-05 words: 10001 flesch: 38 summary: Grant (1991) observes that the repertoire of routines provides a means for manufacturing firms to implement their value-creation strategy, and, as a result, is critical to performance capability improvement. Klassen and Menor (2007) studied trade-offs between inventory, manufacturing firm capacity, and operations variability, and suggested that further study where integrative conceptual models, such as competitive capability models, could be better informed by using a different approach to process operations’ variability. keywords: capabilities; delivery; firms; journal; management; manufacturing; model; operations; operations management; operations variability; performance; process; process operations; quality; reduction; reliability; skills; speed; throughput; variability cache: sajems-1327.pdf plain text: sajems-1327.txt item: #24 of 660 id: sajems-1329 author: Rossouw, Jannie title: Private shareholding: An analysis of an eclectic group of central banks date: 2016-03-02 words: 6250 flesch: 61 summary: No 1:150-159 How to cite DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2222-3436/2016/v19n1a10 ISSN: 2222-3436 PRIVATE SHAREHOLDING: AN ANALYSIS OF AN ECLECTIC GROUP OF CENTRAL BANKS Jannie Rossouw School of Economics and Business Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand Accepted: October 2015 Although the title seems to be a contradictio in terminis, this paper identifies a small, eclectic number of central banks with private shareholders about which little has been published. keywords: banks; central; dividend; federal; reserve; shareholders; shareholding; shares cache: sajems-1329.pdf plain text: sajems-1329.txt item: #25 of 660 id: sajems-1345 author: Hill, Nicholas; Maroun, Warren title: Assessing the potential impact of the Marikana incident on South African mining companies: An event method study date: 2015-11-27 words: 13032 flesch: 59 summary: −2.465% −0.632% −2.585% AQP Aquarius Platinum Ltd 0.973% 6.242% 19.932%* SAH South African Coal Mining Holdings 0.909% 3.499% 1.146% KBO Kibo Mining Plc 0.740% 1.734% 0.374% UUU Uranium One Inc. −0.880% −2.457% WGR Witwatersrand Consolidated Gold Resources −0.157% 1.011% 1.037% SEP Sephaku Holdings Ltd 0.753% 3.181% 1.476% TSX Trans Hex Group Ltd −1.452% 2.926% keywords: 2013; african; cent; companies; company; event; gold; incident; journal; jse; level; lonmin; ltd; marikana; marikana incident; market; mining; platinum; plc; prices; research; returns; share; south cache: sajems-1345.pdf plain text: sajems-1345.txt item: #26 of 660 id: sajems-1349 author: None title: sajems-1349 date: None words: 5876 flesch: 36 summary: Alene, D.A. & Zeller, M., 2005, ‘Technology adoption and farmer efficiency in multiple crops production in eastern Ethiopia: A comparison of parametric and non-parametric distance functions’, Agricultural Economics Review 6(1), 5–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2012.00343.x Greene, W.H., 2003, ‘Simulated likelihood estimation of the Normal-Gamma Stochastic Frontier function’, Journal of Productivity Analysis 19(2), 179–190. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022853416499 Haji, J., 2006, ‘Production efficiency of smallholders’ vegetable-dominated mixed farming system in eastern Ethiopia: A non-parametric approach’, Journal of African Economies 16(1), 1–27. keywords: development; efficiency; ethiopia; extension; farmers; frontier; households; impact; level; participant; production; research; results; service; stochastic cache: sajems-1349.htm plain text: sajems-1349.txt item: #27 of 660 id: sajems-1352 author: Van Heerden, CH; du Plessis, PJ title: Identifying associations between sport sponsorship decision-making variables date: 2004-04-08 words: 29535 flesch: -294 summary: ���� (2 5����������������(������ �� ��� ,�� ���� &��0������� &��0 ��� %������ � ��+ �(����� �� 5����������������(������ �� ��� ��� � ���0������ � � � �(����� �� *���� ������������������������������0�(���� �%&�������1�������0���(��&��������� � �� �(����� �� 5����������������(������ �� ��� �%&�������1�������0���(��&��������� �# # �(����� �� 7���� ������������ ��� ������ ��� ���������� � ����� �������� ��� ��������� �� ������ � � � ������� ������� �������� ��� ��� � ���� � ������ ���� +���� ��� �������� 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� ������5����� )� ������� � ����������� � ��� ���� �� �� �� �� $%*$�� �� �� ������ ����� 5������ #� ����� � � � ������������������ ���� ������������������� ������% 7 ����� � ����&�����8�������� ������������ ���� ����� ������� � � ��������� �%� &����� ���� ���D� � � 7���� *� J� �7� ����� ������ ��� � 7� �� � ������ � � ��� ���!%�� &� �� ���� ��� � � � ����� ���������������� ����� �����!�%�� �7��� )$�J��7�������� �����������!������7� �%��&� � ������������ � �� � ����� ���������������� ��� � �����!�%�� �7����)+�J��7��������� � �������� ������!%��5����� ������� �� ������� � �� ����� ����������� ��� ����� � ����� �����$%@# �� �5����� #� ���������!������% 3����� �������� ��� ���� ������ ������ �� � ���� �������� ������������� ���� ���� %�&�������� ������ �� �� ������������ ��������������� �� ���� � �F$%). keywords: � � cache: sajems-1356.pdf plain text: sajems-1356.txt item: #29 of 660 id: sajems-1374 author: Robinson, Z title: An overview of commodity tax reform in Southern Africa date: 2004-04-28 words: 15928 flesch: 52 summary: 5 In the event of directing various requests for information from the different SADC members, it was interesting to find that these countries do not have information about one another’s tax systems and tax rates which indicates a lack of either cooperation or communication. Separate tax and spending powers have allowed subnational governments to incur only a fraction of the political and financial costs of their expenditures, especially when most local resources are funded from a common national pool of tax revenues creating a commons problem. keywords: africa; cent; commodity; countries; government; members; rate; region; revenue; sadc; sajems; sales; south; south africa; system; tax; taxation; taxes; terms; trade; vat; vol cache: sajems-1374.pdf plain text: sajems-1374.txt item: #30 of 660 id: sajems-1375 author: Olufemi, SM title: Trade openness and economic growth in Nigeria: Further evidence on the causality issue date: 2004-04-28 words: 6273 flesch: 53 summary: The idea that trade openness affects economic growth is not new again. Muhammed and Sampath (1999) also empirically examined the causality between exports (as a measure of trade openness) and economic growth for 97 countries using data for the period 1960 to 1992. keywords: causality; countries; export; gdp; growth; nigeria; openness; relationship; test; trade; trade openness; variables cache: sajems-1375.pdf plain text: sajems-1375.txt item: #31 of 660 id: sajems-1377 author: Pretorius, M; Shaw, G title: Business plans in bank decision-making when financing new ventures in South Africa date: 2004-04-28 words: 7632 flesch: 48 summary: When talking to entrepreneurs, much debate occurs about credit applications accompanied by business plans that are submitted to banks and financial institutions for financing. Another contribution of the findings is that it gives guidance to applicants when they submit business plans, especially about the information critical to the decision-making process of the banks and thereby enhancing the success rate of applications. keywords: application; banks; business; business plan; credit; creditworthiness; finance; plan; potential; sajems; small; south; vol cache: sajems-1377.pdf plain text: sajems-1377.txt item: #32 of 660 id: sajems-1379 author: Msweli-Mbanga, P title: Modeling switching behaviour of direct selling customers date: 2004-04-28 words: 6908 flesch: 58 summary: This study identifies twelve factors that drive the switching behaviour of direct sales customers and examines the extent to which these factors influence switching. This study seeks to examine the switching behaviour of direct sales customers. keywords: behaviour; customers; direct; factor; loyalty; marketing; model; research; sales; selling; service; study; switching cache: sajems-1379.pdf plain text: sajems-1379.txt item: #33 of 660 id: sajems-1381 author: Aziakpono, M; B-Obasa, S title: Financial liberalization, currency substitution and savings in Nigeria: Evidence from cointegration and error correction modeling date: 2004-04-28 words: 9449 flesch: 52 summary: For equation (1), the financial saving function, the VAR model consists of five variables, namely: log of real financial savings ( ), log of real income ( ), real interest rates in Nigeria ( ), real interest rate differential ( RFSln RGDPln RIRN RIRD ) and the ratio of currency held outside banks to M1 ( ). Between 1980 and 1986 before the reform measures were introduced, the stock of financial savings (SFS) stood, on average, at 1.4 per cent of the GDP annually. keywords: cent; currency; exchange; interest; interest rate; leakage; model; rate; sajems; savings; significant; substitution; variables cache: sajems-1381.pdf plain text: sajems-1381.txt item: #34 of 660 id: sajems-1382 author: Du Toit, H; Cloete, CE title: Appraisal of the Fischer-DiPasquale-Wheaton (FDW) real estate model and development of an integrated property and asset market model date: 2004-04-28 words: 8856 flesch: 46 summary: As such, it advanced beyond mere conceptualisation of these relationships to a quantified interpretation and application of the theoretical premises of modern- day economics that represent the micro-foundations of economic behaviour in property markets. The effects of land grants and other types of government incentives that impact on real estate markets are not factored into the model. keywords: asset; construction; demand; equilibrium; estate; ipamm; market; model; pretoria; property; quadrant; rate; space; stock cache: sajems-1382.pdf plain text: sajems-1382.txt item: #35 of 660 id: sajems-1383 author: Koch, SF title: Duopoly competition for rational addicts date: 2004-04-28 words: 7303 flesch: 54 summary: Because each of these changes happens to each firm’s reaction function similarly, and, therefore, the change in market prices will be symmetric, as was the equilibrium, unless a change only affects one of the firms in the market. Rational addiction models have also relied upon single consumer types in their formulations, although it is clear that the demand side can be split into many different types of cigarette consumers. keywords: addiction; cigarettes; consumers; demand; excise; firm; future; market; model; price; profits cache: sajems-1383.pdf plain text: sajems-1383.txt item: #36 of 660 id: sajems-1385 author: Pretorius, Marius title: The debtor-friendly fallacy in business rescue: Agency theory moderation and quasi relationships date: 2016-11-25 words: 11248 flesch: 52 summary: Key words: business rescue, conflict, turnaround, agency dilemma, auto-ethnography JEL: D74, 23: 1 Introduction Meet John and Jane. When both their lawyer and their accountant proposed business rescue as an option for addressing the financial distress of their business, this is not what they had understood the process would be like. keywords: act; agency; agent; banks; brp; brps; business; business rescue; conflict; creditors; information; practice; principal; process; relationships; rescue; research; theory cache: sajems-1385.pdf plain text: sajems-1385.txt item: #37 of 660 id: sajems-1395 author: Black, David; Turpie, Jane K; Rao, Nalini title: Evaluating the cost-effectiveness of ecosystem-based adaptation: Kamiesberg wetlands case study date: 2016-12-09 words: 6733 flesch: 47 summary: Conventional approaches to climate change adaptation typically include artificial, engineered solutions. An economic analysis of ecosystem-based adaptation and engineering options for climate change adaptation in Lami Town, Republic of the Fiji Islands. keywords: 2012; adaptation; africa; alternatives; area; change; climate; cost; eba; ecosystem; kamiesberg; south; study; wetlands cache: sajems-1395.pdf plain text: sajems-1395.txt item: #38 of 660 id: sajems-1397 author: Botha, Ferdi; Snowball, Jen; Scott, Brett title: Art investment in South Africa: Portfolio diversification and art market efficiency date: 2016-09-05 words: 5557 flesch: 61 summary: Table 2 VAR estimates Art price index All share index Bond price index House price index All share indext-1 0.6708*** (0.2267) 0.3739*** (0.1507) -0.0406 (0.0610) 0.0252 (0.0291) Key words: diversification, financial instability, art investment, wealth, Citadel art price index JEL: Z11, G10 1 Introduction Portfolio diversification is widely accepted as an effective strategy to reduce the risk of investment for both businesses and households (Teresiene & Paskevicius, 2009; Hagin, 2003) – a strategy also emphasised in South African media reports (Greeley, 2013; Kerrigan, 2013). keywords: art; art price; bond; citadel; index; investment; market; price; price index; return; share cache: sajems-1397.pdf plain text: sajems-1397.txt item: #39 of 660 id: sajems-1401 author: None title: sajems-1401 date: None words: 9020 flesch: 37 summary: Methods: Using a sample of 48 international cooperation projects carried out in two African countries considered priorities in the Spanish Cooperation Master Plan, we analyse project efficiency using DEA. Results: The findings suggest that some schemata are more efficient than others when applied to international cooperation projects (ICS). TABLE 5: Instrument efficiency: General model. keywords: analysis; cooperation; countries; dea; development; efficiency; ics; inputs; instruments; non; outputs; projects; results; sample; spanish; subsidies cache: sajems-1401.htm plain text: sajems-1401.txt item: #40 of 660 id: sajems-1416 author: None title: sajems-1416 date: None words: 8770 flesch: 32 summary: This article seeks to stress the importance of drawing insights from the way viral social media and internet communications operate, as well as the way flash mobs work, in order to add to a synthesis of theory to develop a theoretical model of how the crowd can be used to solve knowledge problems on the scale of global epidemics. Galton’s (1907) betting market analysis has been taken up in work such as Hanson’s (1995, 2000, 2003), which argues that betting markets are very effective at solving knowledge problems and that the principles that underlie them can also be applied to the research process itself as well as many other applications. keywords: crowd; development; innovation; knowledge; literature; management; problem; process; research; solving; theory; time; work cache: sajems-1416.htm plain text: sajems-1416.txt item: #41 of 660 id: sajems-1425 author: Struwig, FW; Van Scheers, L title: The effect of privatisation on front line employees in a service organisation date: 2004-07-23 words: 7612 flesch: 49 summary: Customers are an obvious requirement for doing business, and the importance of customer service is emphasised by, amongst others, Harris (1996: 2). No 1 5 Customers, services and customer service Customers can be defined as individuals or businesses that provide revenue for your business (Jenkins, 1997: 45). keywords: business; customer; customer service; employees; line; line employees; management; organisation; privatisation; research; service; vol cache: sajems-1425.pdf plain text: sajems-1425.txt item: #42 of 660 id: sajems-1426 author: Lalthapersad-Pillay, P title: A socio-economic analysis of african female street traders in the Johannesburg CBD date: 2004-07-23 words: 7325 flesch: 65 summary: The study focussed only on African women street traders that sold foodstuffs, namely, fruits, vegetables, nuts and cooked foods. Whilst it is difficult to formulate an incisive picture of the hardship experienced by women in the informal sector, it is hoped that such information would accentuate the predicament of African women street traders. keywords: cent; children; income; respondents; sector; south; street; traders; trading; women; work cache: sajems-1426.pdf plain text: sajems-1426.txt item: #43 of 660 id: sajems-1427 author: Strydom, AJ title: The introduction of service fees by travel agencies: A case study in Bloemfontein date: 2004-07-23 words: 3528 flesch: 55 summary: The research results regarding respondents who made use of travel services in the past year may, however, convince managers of travel agencies to include travel insurance and cancellation of client reservations amongst the services for which a service fee may be charged. This includes their willingness to pay for professional travel services, as well as the amount payable and types of services that should be subjected to service fees. keywords: agencies; fees; figure; percent; respondents; service; travel cache: sajems-1427.pdf plain text: sajems-1427.txt item: #44 of 660 id: sajems-1428 author: Rudansky-KlopperS, S; Strydom, J title: Customer service in the residential property market of South Africa date: 2004-07-23 words: 5975 flesch: 57 summary: No 1 62 whether estate agencies consider the service orientation of estate agents during the selection, appointment and training of agents; the differentiation methods used by estate agencies to establish a competitive advantage; the after-sales services offered by estate agents; specific activities engaged in by estate agencies in order to ensure customer service; the corporate climate and internal marketing activities of estate agencies; the policies of estate agencies on customer complaints. ABSTRACT An increasing number of estate agencies are entering the real estate market in South Africa and many are struggling to survive as competition grows stronger. keywords: agencies; agency; agents; cent; customer; customer service; estate; estate agents; service cache: sajems-1428.pdf plain text: sajems-1428.txt item: #45 of 660 id: sajems-1429 author: du Plessis, PJ; Mostert, PG; North, EJ title: Period of internet usage: An indicator of the buying behaviour of internet users? date: 2004-07-23 words: 4482 flesch: 47 summary: The study also determined if the length of Internet usage could be considered an influence, when Internet users search for product and service information on the Internet prior to purchasing from non-Internet-based sellers. The period of Internet usage significantly influences the decision of Internet shoppers and non-shoppers to search for product and service information on the net prior to purchasing from non-Internet-based sellers. keywords: information; internet; non; period; product; purchasing; usage cache: sajems-1429.pdf plain text: sajems-1429.txt item: #46 of 660 id: sajems-1430 author: Co, MJ title: Perceived institutional obstacles in doing business: A comparative study of South Africa and the Philippines date: 2004-07-23 words: 3517 flesch: 44 summary: This research investigates whether there are differences between South African and Filipino entrepreneurs in their perceptions of institutional obstacles in doing business - specifically the government-business interface. This paper will deal with only one aspect of institutional obstacles specifically the government-business interface. keywords: business; countries; entrepreneurs; obstacles; regulations; south; world cache: sajems-1430.pdf plain text: sajems-1430.txt item: #47 of 660 id: sajems-1431 author: Solomon, M; de Wet, WA title: The effect of a budget deficit on inflation: The case of Tanzania date: 2004-07-23 words: 5796 flesch: 54 summary: At the same time, increased transparency and coordination with donors on macroeconomic policies and structural reforms helped mobilise financial support and kept the share of budget deficit to GDP below 5 per cent. According to the monetarist view, budget deficits can lead to inflation, but only to the extent that they are monetised (Hamburger and Zwick (1981)). keywords: budget deficit; cent; deficit; government; increase; inflation; level; money; rate; supply; tanzania cache: sajems-1431.pdf plain text: sajems-1431.txt item: #48 of 660 id: sajems-1432 author: Amusa, HA title: A macroeconomic approach to estimating effective tax rates in South Africa date: 2004-07-23 words: 5048 flesch: 43 summary: From equation (7) above, calculation of effective income tax rates encompasses payroll taxes and expands the tax base to include all social security contributions as part of revenues obtained from taxing labour income. Correlation analysis reveals that savings (as a percentage of GDP) is negatively correlated with both capital income and labour income tax rates. keywords: africa; capital; consumption; income; labour; rates; revenue; south; tax; taxes cache: sajems-1432.pdf plain text: sajems-1432.txt item: #49 of 660 id: sajems-1433 author: Le Roux, P; Ismail, B title: Modelling the impact of changes in the interest rates on the economy: An Austrian perspective date: 2004-07-23 words: 5024 flesch: 49 summary: Top-down earnings forecast the need to capture all the demand-side aspects of interest rate impacts on sector-specific components of GDP or GDE. From an Austrian school perspective on interest rates, empirical evidence suggests that the profitability of heavy industries further downstream outperforms that of light industries in the initial stages of monetary easing, due to a rising demand for investment goods and a rise in capacity utilisation levels. keywords: curve; economy; impact; interest; interest rates; investment; rates; yield cache: sajems-1433.pdf plain text: sajems-1433.txt item: #50 of 660 id: sajems-1435 author: Olomola, PA title: The FDI-growth hypothesis: A VAR model for Nigeria date: 2004-07-23 words: 5295 flesch: 54 summary: Thus, the objective of this study is to examine the direction of causality between foreign direct investment and economic growth within the framework of endogenous growth model for Nigeria using data from 1970 to 2002. In attempt to take care of these methodological problems, Ericsson and Irandoust (2001) adopted the Vector Autoregression (VAR) approach to examine the causal effects between FDI growth and output growth for four OECD countries. keywords: capital; causality; economic; fdi; growth; investment; model; nigeria; relationship; run; variables cache: sajems-1435.pdf plain text: sajems-1435.txt item: #51 of 660 id: sajems-1436 author: None title: sajems-1436 date: None words: 6110 flesch: 37 summary: Abstract Introduction Problem statement, research objective and question Significance of the study The concept of competencies Research methodology Results Discussion Conclusion Ethical consideration Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Msizi V. Mkhize College of Law and Management Studies, School of Accounting, Economics and Finance, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Citation Mkhize, M.V., 2017, ‘Accounting firms’ managers’ and trainees’ perceptions of managerial competencies required to manage diversity in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 20(1), a1436. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v20i1.1436 Original Research Accounting firms’ managers’ and trainees’ perceptions of managerial competencies required to manage diversity in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Msizi V. Mkhize Received: 14 July 2015; Accepted: 28 June 2017; Published: 27 Oct. 2017 Copyright: © 2017. Therefore, managers in accounting firms need to be skilled in managerial competencies rooted in general management to be effective in their job and managing diverse workforce because this will result in improved productivity, reduced absenteeism, decreased staff turnover and increased employee job satisfaction (Swanepoel 2000). keywords: accounting; competencies; competency; diversity; firms; management; managers; south; table; tasks; trainees cache: sajems-1436.htm plain text: sajems-1436.txt item: #52 of 660 id: sajems-145 author: Mkhethwa, Mkhize; Msweli, Pumela title: The impact of female business leaders on the performance of listed companies in South Africa date: 2011-03-17 words: 4116 flesch: 49 summary: In order to achieve the purpose of this research paper, the following hypotheses are tested: H0: There is no difference between the financial performance of listed companies with 25 per cent or more women in leadership positions (highs) and the financial performance of listed companies with 0 per cent to 9 per cent women in leadership positions (lows). Key words: financial performance, female business leaders, business women, employment equity. keywords: cent; companies; management; performance; positions; south; study; women cache: sajems-145.pdf plain text: sajems-145.txt item: #53 of 660 id: sajems-1454 author: van Oordt, Marius Louis title: A nutritional goods and a complete consumer demand system estimation for South Africa using actual price data date: 2016-11-25 words: 8081 flesch: 57 summary: The two demand systems allow for the estimation of a two-stage budgeting process followed by households concerning nutritional goods expenditures. It stands to reason that goods and services on which more is spent by the average consumer should carry a greater weight towards the expenditure category or nutritional goods group price. keywords: africa; consumer; data; demand; estimation; expenditure; goods; household; model; price; services; south; system cache: sajems-1454.pdf plain text: sajems-1454.txt item: #54 of 660 id: sajems-1457 author: None title: sajems-1457 date: None words: 6553 flesch: 50 summary: Descriptive analysis and unit root analysis Figure 4 depicts the relationship between monthly BDI price and JSE ALSI price movements for the period 1985–April 2016. A one unit change in difference BDI series results in a 0.55 shift in the differenced value of the ALSI (p < 0.0001). keywords: alsi; baltic; bdi; break; data; demand; dry; economic; index; period; price; research; shipping; test cache: sajems-1457.htm plain text: sajems-1457.txt item: #55 of 660 id: sajems-1460 author: None title: sajems-1460 date: None words: 12671 flesch: 35 summary: Brown, G., 2010, ‘An exploratory study of the elements to develop a coaching model’, Published doctoral thesis, Capella University, Minneapolis, MN, viewed 12 December 2012, from http://0-search.proquest.com.innopac.up.ac.za/docview/500018986?accountid=14717/ Butler, C.J. & Chinowsky, P.S., 2006, ‘Emotional intelligence and leadership behavior in construction executives’, Journal of Management in Engineering 22(3), 119–125. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(2006)22:3(119) Carey, W., Philippon, D.J. & Cummings, G.G., 2011, ‘Coaching models for leadership development: An integrative review’, Journal of Leadership Studies 5(1), 51–69. Distinguishing between emotional intelligence models Numerous models and measures of EI exist. keywords: bar; coaching; coaching intervention; control; development; experimental; group; intelligence; intervention; leaders; leadership; model; research; self; study cache: sajems-1460.htm plain text: sajems-1460.txt item: #56 of 660 id: sajems-1462 author: None title: sajems-1462 date: None words: 5686 flesch: 29 summary: For the purpose of this research, effective bank conduct risk regulation means the following: the bank conduct risk regulation model is developed, with consideration to all relevant influencing criteria, and leads to a situation where banks are compliant (manage and mitigate conduct risk according to the laws and regulations set out). Reviewing (seemingly) indirect influencing factors (Cs and Os) for effective conduct risk regulatory model As mentioned previously, in order for regulators to achieve the end goal of a positive outcome for the customer, they also need to examine and understand the variables shown in Table 2. TABLE 2: Cs and Os for consideration by the regulator. keywords: banking; banks; conduct; conduct risk; factors; financial; march; model; regulation; risk; south cache: sajems-1462.htm plain text: sajems-1462.txt item: #57 of 660 id: sajems-1464 author: None title: sajems-1464 date: None words: 8952 flesch: 39 summary: The findings of this study could also help regulating authorities to get insights into supply chain cost reduction and develop appropriate mobile phone policies in South Africa. This study suggests that supply chain cost reduction can be achieved by maintaining balanced inventory levels, increased inventory returns and better resource utilisation. keywords: chain cost; companies; cost; cost reduction; data; industry; mnos; mobile; network; phone; phone companies; phone industry; phone supply; reduction; services; south; study; supply chain cache: sajems-1464.htm plain text: sajems-1464.txt item: #58 of 660 id: sajems-1472 author: None title: sajems-1472 date: None words: 8805 flesch: 40 summary: However, sensitivity analysis of the left-hand side coefficients of both the BP and the VP demonstrates that – under the relevant conditions of imperfect markets (according to the background section of this article, investments into environmental protection technologies imply that they are given) – rising carbon taxes may be ‘counterproductive for GHG mitigation investments’. Then, calculating ‘ordinary’ (net) present values by discounting expected cash flows with exogenous interest rates (even if adjusted to uncertainty) and real options values become inadequate for the financial valuation of technology investments. keywords: activity; carbon; emissions; fuel; ghg; investment; markets; mitigation; price; production; taxes; technologies cache: sajems-1472.htm plain text: sajems-1472.txt item: #59 of 660 id: sajems-1474 author: None title: sajems-1474 date: None words: 8150 flesch: 39 summary: The results suggest that, while policies aimed at reducing transaction costs would increase smallholder market participation, attention should be paid on how to reduce social grants’ dis-incentive effects. Introduction There is a general consensus in the literature (e.g. Alene et al. 2008; Barrett & Swallow 2006; Carter & Barrett 2006; De Janvry, Fafchamps & Sadoulet 1991; Von Braun 1995) that promoting smallholder market participation is an important pathway towards poverty reduction, economic growth and development in developing countries. keywords: access; africa; costs; et al; farmers; grants; households; income; maize; market; market participation; model; participation; smallholder; social; south; studies cache: sajems-1474.htm plain text: sajems-1474.txt item: #60 of 660 id: sajems-1476 author: None title: sajems-1476 date: None words: 5735 flesch: 49 summary: Although this tax change aligned the tax preferences of individual and corporate investors, the South African government simultaneously announced its future intentions in respect of dividend tax changes. Prior research on dividend tax changes has been criticised by some, as these tax changes only affected individuals who make up a minority of shareholders (Amromin et al. 2008). keywords: change; dividend; firms; growth; investors; preferences; sample; tax; tax preferences cache: sajems-1476.htm plain text: sajems-1476.txt item: #61 of 660 id: sajems-1481 author: de Beer, Leon T; Tims, Maria; Bakker, Arnold B title: Job crafting and its impact on work engagement and job satisfaction in mining and manufacturing date: 2016-09-05 words: 7416 flesch: 52 summary: Furthermore, increasing S-JR with C-JD also had a significant relationship to job satisfaction, which is in line with research that has shown that an increase in job resources and challenging demands may lead to increased job satisfaction (LePine et al., 2005; Sousa-Poza & Sousa-Poza, 2000). Contrary to expectations decreasing hindering job demands was a negative predictor of job satisfaction in the mining group. keywords: bakker; crafting; demands; engagement; job; job demands; job resources; job satisfaction; resources; satisfaction; work; work engagement cache: sajems-1481.pdf plain text: sajems-1481.txt item: #62 of 660 id: sajems-1486 author: None title: sajems-1486 date: None words: 8818 flesch: 42 summary: As a result, women often do not conduct investment planning until it is too late, and they are confronted with a financial crisis or a life predicament such as a divorce or death. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on investment planning by better understanding the unique financial needs and challenges of women. keywords: attitudes; cycle; factor; horizon; investment; investment knowledge; investment planning; journal; knowledge; life; research; respondents; risk; study; time; values; women cache: sajems-1486.htm plain text: sajems-1486.txt item: #63 of 660 id: sajems-1487 author: None title: sajems-1487 date: None words: 11308 flesch: 35 summary: Understanding and mitigating flextime and flexplace bias at work’, Work and Occupations 41(1), 40–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/0730888413515894 Mušura, A., Korican, M. & Krajnovic, S., 2013, ‘Work–life and life-work conflicting Croatian companies: Some perspectives’, International Journal of Organization Theory and Behavior 16, 42–67. Nadeem, S. & Henry, C., 2003, ‘Power dynamics in the long-term development of employee-friendly flexible working’, Women in Management Review 18(1/2), 32–49. https://doi.org/10.1108/09649420310462316 Narayanan, V.K. & Nath, R., 1982, ‘Hierarchical level and the impact of flexitime’, Industrial Relations 21, 216–230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-232X.1982.tb00229.x Nazem, F. & Seifi, A., 2014, ‘Presenting the structural math model of productivity based on the quality of work life in universities’, Advances in Environmental Biology 8(10), 886–890. Netemeyer, R.G., Boles, J.S. & Mcmurrian, R., 1996, ‘Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales’, Journal of Applied Psychology 81(4), 400–410. High rates of employee job satisfaction are associated with high commitment levels and elevated productivity (Rama Devi & Nagini 2013). keywords: alternative; effect; employees; experiences; family; fransman; job satisfaction; journal; life balance; management; model; productivity; relationship; research; role; south; study; variables; women; work cache: sajems-1487.htm plain text: sajems-1487.txt item: #64 of 660 id: sajems-149 author: Klug, Philippa; Vigar-Ellis, Debbie title: Gender differences in student attitudes towards sexual appeals in print advertising date: 2012-11-20 words: 44 flesch: 42 summary: No 4 381 Appendix to accompany Gender differences in Student perceptions of sexual appeals in print adverting Advertisement 1: The French Rugby Team Advertisement 2: Durex XXL Advertisement 3: Peugeot Advertisement 4: Tom Ford Advertisement 5: Gucci Microsoft Word - Document2 SAJEMS NS 15 (2012) keywords: advertisement cache: sajems-149.pdf plain text: sajems-149.txt item: #65 of 660 id: sajems-1490 author: None title: sajems-1490 date: None words: 8642 flesch: 31 summary: A set of scorecards – detailing the principles of model validation governance, model validation policies and model validation processes – was proposed. Methods: This comprehensive literature study provided a background to the complexities of effective model management and focussed on model validation as a component of model risk management. keywords: august; financial; framework; governance; management; model; model risk; model validation; occ; policy; process; risk; scorecard; section; validation; validation framework; validation governance; validation policy; validation process cache: sajems-1490.htm plain text: sajems-1490.txt item: #66 of 660 id: sajems-1497 author: None title: sajems-1497 date: None words: 12131 flesch: 30 summary: https://doi.org/10.1108/08858621211251497 Ballantyne, D., 2003, ‘A relationship-mediated theory of internal marketing’, European Journal of Marketing 37(9), 1242–1260. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560310486979 Bejou, D., Ennew, C.T. & Palmer, A., 1998, ‘Trust, ethics, and relationship satisfaction’, International Journal of Bank Marketing 16(4), 170–175. This is specifically in relation to ensuring satisfaction, coordination, cooperation and continuity in business relationships. keywords: b2b; building; business; buyer; commitment; constructs; continuity; cooperation; coordination; customer; customer satisfaction; journal; management; marketing; model; parties; relationship; relationship marketing; replication; research; satisfaction; south; study; supplier; trust cache: sajems-1497.htm plain text: sajems-1497.txt item: #67 of 660 id: sajems-1498 author: None title: sajems-1498 date: None words: 9124 flesch: 40 summary: The results show that interim book value of equity is value relevant while interim earnings are not. If interim book values represent to a large extent the book values at financial reporting date, then they would be positively and significantly associated with market value of equity at year end, and the movement between book value of equity from interim reporting date to annual reporting date would not be value relevant. keywords: accounting; accounting information; book; earnings; equity; information; interim; reporting; statements; study; value; value relevance cache: sajems-1498.htm plain text: sajems-1498.txt item: #68 of 660 id: sajems-151 author: van Zyl, Marlise; du Plessis, Yvonne title: Exploring coping strategies of business leaders during an economic downturn date: 2012-11-20 words: 6597 flesch: 50 summary: In addition, a combina- tion of coping strategies seemed to be used to cope with a combination of individual and/or derived team and organisational stressors and one should not incorrectly presume that, for example, individual coping strategies are used merely for coping with individual stressors. 5 Conclusion and recommendations The main objective of this study was to develop a guiding framework for use by South African business leaders to help them cope with adverse conditions like an economic downturn. In addition, the extent to which leaders influence other team members, combined with the team’s maturity, could determine the extent to which leaders use team coping strategies as opposed to individual coping strategies. keywords: coping; downturn; individual; leaders; mining; organisation; research; south; strategies; stressors; team cache: sajems-151.pdf plain text: sajems-151.txt item: #69 of 660 id: sajems-1510 author: None title: sajems-1510 date: None words: 7828 flesch: 27 summary: Howell and Haii-Merenda (1999) explain that in leadership research, an affiliation of some sort between leader and follower is anticipated. Abstract Introduction Research design Analyses Validity and reliability of the results of the analyses Findings Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Christiaan G. Joubert Air Traffic and Navigation Services, South Africa Joseph A. Feldman Graduate School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa, South Africa Citation Joubert, C.G. & Feldman, J.A., 2017, ‘The effect of leadership behaviours on followers’ experiences and expectations in a safety-critical industry’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 20(1), a1510. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v20i1.1510 Note: keywords: ansp; behaviours; case; context; data; development; expectations; experiences; focus; followers; followership; journal; leadership; leadership behaviours; management; qualities; research; study; trait cache: sajems-1510.htm plain text: sajems-1510.txt item: #70 of 660 id: sajems-1511 author: Rangasamy, L; Harmse, C title: Trade liberalisation, competitiveness and the real exchange rate (RER): An analysis of developments in South Africa during the 1990s date: 2003-11-15 words: 8230 flesch: 61 summary: [15] Agr, forestry & fishing E E E,I E E E E E E E E E Coal mining E E E E E E E E E E E E,I Gold and uranium mining E E E E E E E E E E E E Other mining L E,I E,I E,I E,I E,I E,I E,I E,I E,I E,I E,I E,I Food NT NT NT NT NT NT E I E,I E E,I E,I Beverages NT NT NT NT NT NT E E NT E E E Tobacco NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT E E E E Textiles E,I E,I E,I E,I E,I E,I E,I E,I E,I E,I E,I E,I Wearing apparel L NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT Wholesale and retail trade NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT NT Catering & accomm. keywords: africa; competitiveness; e e; e nt; l e; liberalisation; non; price; sectors; south; tariff; trade cache: sajems-1511.pdf plain text: sajems-1511.txt item: #71 of 660 id: sajems-1519 author: None title: sajems-1519 date: None words: 6923 flesch: 38 summary: Nonetheless, tourism destinations also have internal and external attributes that influence the tourism competitiveness of the destinations (Blanke & Chiesa 2013; Hong 2009; Ritchie & Crouch 2003). According to Crouch (2010), the competitiveness of tourism destinations is influenced by a variety of forces, influences and events, many of which are very difficult to manage. keywords: africa; attributes; competitiveness; country; destination; factors; management; research; south; south africa; strengths; tourism; weaknesses cache: sajems-1519.htm plain text: sajems-1519.txt item: #72 of 660 id: sajems-152 author: Chipeta, Chimwemwe; Wolmarans, Hendrik; Vermaak, Frans title: Financial liberalisation and the dynamics of firm leverage in a transitional economy: evidence from South Africa date: 2012-06-05 words: 11120 flesch: 53 summary: Gupta (1969) uses the annual compounded growth rate in sales and finds that growth firms tend to have higher leverage than non-growth firms. This evidence is consistent with the prediction that growth firms add value to the firm and hence increase the firm’s debt capacity. keywords: capital; capital structure; coefficient; debt; debt ratio; financial; firms; growth; leverage; liberalisation; ratio; structure; tax; total; value cache: sajems-152.pdf plain text: sajems-152.txt item: #73 of 660 id: sajems-1522 author: None title: sajems-1522 date: None words: 5780 flesch: 44 summary: Abstract Introduction Research questions Literature survey Research design Results Discussion of the results Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Hoffie Cruywagen Department of Construction Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa Josephine Llale Department of Construction Economics, University of Pretoria, South Africa Citation Cruywagen, H. & Llale, J., 2017, ‘The role of quantity surveyors in public–private partnerships in South Africa’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 20(1), a1522. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v20i1.1522 Original Research The role of quantity surveyors in public–private partnerships in South Africa Hoffie Cruywagen, Josephine Llale Received: 14 Dec. 2015; Accepted: 10 Oct. 2016; Published: 26 May 2017 Copyright: © 2017. keywords: africa; ppps; project; quantity; quantity surveyors; respondents; role; south; surveying; surveyors cache: sajems-1522.htm plain text: sajems-1522.txt item: #74 of 660 id: sajems-1525 author: Ndiyo, NA title: On productivity and technology diffusion in Nigeria date: 2003-11-15 words: 7130 flesch: 48 summary: These factors measure the differences in productive efficiency, the scale of production, and the state of production technology employed. Lucas (1988), Young (1991) and Stokey (1988; 1991) attribute productivity growth to learning processes, which facilitate the production of increasingly sophisticated products and the accompanying knowledge spillovers. keywords: capital; economic; factor; function; growth; knowledge; labour; nigeria; output; production; productivity; technology cache: sajems-1525.pdf plain text: sajems-1525.txt item: #75 of 660 id: sajems-1526 author: Sing, D title: Changing approaches to financing and financial management in the South African local government sector date: 2003-11-15 words: 4256 flesch: 31 summary: ABSTRACT Sections 152 and 153 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 (Act 108 of 1996) have given local government a developmental mandate. Local government has a constitutional obligation to participate in national and provincial development programmes. keywords: department; development; government; information; municipalities; national; programme; project; south cache: sajems-1526.pdf plain text: sajems-1526.txt item: #76 of 660 id: sajems-153 author: de Witte, Hans; Rothmann, Sebastiaan; Jackson, Leone TB title: On the psychological consequences of unemployment in South-Africa date: 2012-08-22 words: 10020 flesch: 54 summary: Unemployed people in Europe still receive a reasonably good income, which cannot be said of unemployed people in South Africa. May 2012 The objective of this study was to investigate the affective experiences, attitudes to work, and job application behaviour of unemployed people. keywords: application; behaviour; cent; experiences; job; life; participants; people; self; study; time; unemployed; unemployment; work cache: sajems-153.pdf plain text: sajems-153.txt item: #77 of 660 id: sajems-1531 author: None title: sajems-1531 date: None words: 8060 flesch: 44 summary: Impulse responses with informal financial sector interest rates and total credit (aggregated formal and informal financial sector credit). When IFS interest rates are raised, total loans decline significantly. keywords: bank; credit; data; ifs; increase; interest; interest rates; loans; malawi; ngalawa; policy; rates; sector; shock cache: sajems-1531.htm plain text: sajems-1531.txt item: #78 of 660 id: sajems-1532 author: None title: sajems-1532 date: None words: 7215 flesch: 41 summary: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0960-1627.2004.00200.x Li, K.Q. & Chen, R., 2014, ‘Implied Hurst exponent and fractional implied volatility: Finally, we test the FBSI model empirically against Li and Chen’s (2014) volatility term structure model using implied volatility surfaces on South African listed Top40 index futures options and on listed USD/ZAR currency futures options. keywords: arbitrage; black; exponent; fbsi; fractional; hurst; market; model; option; scholes; surface; term; volatility cache: sajems-1532.htm plain text: sajems-1532.txt item: #79 of 660 id: sajems-1534 author: None title: sajems-1534 date: None words: 6740 flesch: 32 summary: While the relational model by Kahn and Heaphy is conceptually appealing to explain work engagement, it lacks empirical support. The aims of this study were to investigate the associations among relational factors, psychological conditions (psychological meaningfulness, availability and safety) and work engagement and to test a structural model of work engagement. keywords: availability; engagement; job; kahn; meaningfulness; model; relationships; rothmann; safety; work; work engagement cache: sajems-1534.htm plain text: sajems-1534.txt item: #80 of 660 id: sajems-1537 author: Hammond, Darrell; Luiz, John title: The co-operative model as a means of stakeholder management: An exploratory qualitative analysis date: 2016-11-25 words: 9836 flesch: 52 summary: The principle underlying the governance role of the governing board of a co-operative is to service the interests of co-operative members. International experience indicates some success with co-operative models but they are not easy to implement effectively and face severe obstacles. keywords: business; diepsloot; governance; government; management; manager; members; model; operatives; social; stakeholder; support; trust; ujimabakwena; worker cache: sajems-1537.pdf plain text: sajems-1537.txt item: #81 of 660 id: sajems-1538 author: None title: sajems-1538 date: None words: 9686 flesch: 40 summary: Domestic skilled labour is required for sector support, as there is currently criticism about the large influx of foreign labour used to erect and develop renewable energy projects in South Africa. Physical location of renewable energy projects is also important since IPPs need to locate in areas with optimal renewable energy resources, and manufacturers need to be close to their customers so as to minimise logistical costs (these can be quite high for the larger and abnormal loads that characterise some technologies, e.g. large wind turbine blades and towers). keywords: africa; content; energy; epc; impact; investment; ipp; lcrs; market; policy; respondents; sector; south; south africa; survey cache: sajems-1538.htm plain text: sajems-1538.txt item: #82 of 660 id: sajems-1543 author: None title: sajems-1543 date: None words: 7362 flesch: 31 summary: Privatisation and economic reform in Afghanistan, viewed 16 November 2011, from http://www.areu.org.af Rodriguez, P., Uhlenbruck, K. & Eden, L., 2005, ‘Government corruption and the entry strategies of multinationals’, Academy of Management Review 30(2), 383–396. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMR.2005.16387894 Sikwila, N.M., 2010, Privatisation in Africa: The case of Zimbabwe, viewed 24 June 2010, from http://www.my-world-guide.com Tambudzai, Z., 2003, Privatisation: A review of the Zimbabwean experience (1991–2002), viewed 15 September 2010, from http://www.wgsr.uw.edu.pl Vo, T.Q. & Nguyen, D.K., 2011, ‘Corporate ownership structure and organisational culture in a transition economy, The case of Vietnam’, International Journal of Economics and Finance 3(4), 36–47. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v3n4p36 Von Weizsacker, E.U., Young, O.R., Finger, M. & Beisheim, M., 2005, Limits to privatisation, how to avoid too much of a good thing, Earthscan, London. Waigama, S.M.S., 2008, ‘Privatisation process and asset valuation, a case study of Tanzania’, doctoral thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm. Stakeholders could offer valuable input when designing and implementing privatisation processes, and the participation of stakeholders fosters government commitment, while the availability of relevant information could lead to a credible process. keywords: analysis; factors; government; management; organisations; parastatals; perceptions; privatisation; privatisation process; process; public; results; study; variables; zimbabwe cache: sajems-1543.htm plain text: sajems-1543.txt item: #83 of 660 id: sajems-1545 author: None title: sajems-1545 date: None words: 7173 flesch: 42 summary: Central Bank of Egypt, 2015, Publications, accessed on 16 June 2015 from http://www.cbe.org.eg/en/EconomicResearch/Publications/Pages/MonthlyStatisticaclBulletin.aspx Central Bank of Nigeria, 2015, Data and Statistics, accessed on 15 June 2015 from https://www.cbn.gov.ng/documents/data.asp Cheng, X. & Degryse, H., 2007, The impact of bank and non-bank financial institutions on local economic growth in China, Volume Discussion Paper 22, Bank of Finland: Institute for Economies in Transition, Helsinki. Davis, P. & Hu, Y.-W., 2008, ‘Does funding of pensions stimulate economic growth?’ On the contrary, a virtuous cycle arises when a high level of economic growth supports the development of the financial sector, which, in turn, stimulates further economic growth. keywords: africa; bank; development; economic; egypt; growth; nbfi development; nbfis; relationship; results; south cache: sajems-1545.htm plain text: sajems-1545.txt item: #84 of 660 id: sajems-1552 author: None title: sajems-1552 date: None words: 7720 flesch: 41 summary: Robin Snelgar Department of Industrial and Organisational Psychology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa Stacy A. Shelton Department of Industrial and Organisational Psychology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa Anne Giesser Department of Industrial and Organisational Psychology, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa Citation Snelgar, R., Shelton, S.A. & Giesser, A., 2017, ‘A comparison of South African and German extrinsic and intrinsic motivation’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 20(1), a1552. Abstract Background: Various researchers have identified a trend of individuals shifting their preference from extrinsic to intrinsic motivation. keywords: africa; age; differences; employees; factors; income; motivation; research; respondents; rewards; south; study; table; work cache: sajems-1552.htm plain text: sajems-1552.txt item: #85 of 660 id: sajems-1554 author: None title: sajems-1554 date: None words: 7121 flesch: 41 summary: So, a challenge for South Africa is to increase the number of export destination countries. Indeed, South Africa exports more than 20% of the product categories to only 27 out of 196 countries and less than 5% of the product categories to 111 importing countries – pointing to a varied export product mix but a concentrated collection of export destinations.2 Clearly, there is potential for South Africa to expand the number of export markets. keywords: africa; country; export; exporting; gravity; impact; importing; margin; model; south; south africa; trade; variables cache: sajems-1554.htm plain text: sajems-1554.txt item: #86 of 660 id: sajems-1556 author: None title: sajems-1556 date: None words: 5407 flesch: 24 summary: The JSE listing requirements therefore also influence the level of mine closure obligation disclosure. The study specifically concentrates on the level of mine closure obligations disclosure. keywords: closure; closure obligations; companies; disclosure; information; jse; mining; obligations; platinum; reporting cache: sajems-1556.htm plain text: sajems-1556.txt item: #87 of 660 id: sajems-1560 author: None title: sajems-1560 date: None words: 8399 flesch: 42 summary: Meyerowitz, D., 2008, Meyerowitz on income tax (2007–2008), The Taxpayer, Cape Town. Meyerowitz, D. & Spiro, E., 1995, Meyerowitz and Spiro on income tax, The Taxpayer, Cape Town. keywords: act; africa; income; income tax; meaning; section; south; term cache: sajems-1560.htm plain text: sajems-1560.txt item: #88 of 660 id: sajems-1569 author: None title: sajems-1569 date: None words: 8929 flesch: 32 summary: Internal control activities One of the elements in an internal control system which will be influenced by managerial conduct is that of internal control activities. Abstract Introduction Conceptualisation Research design Ethical consideration Results and discussion Conclusion and recommendation Acknowledgements References Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 About the Author(s) Juan-Pierre Bruwer School of Accounting Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, South Africa Philna Coetzee College of Accounting Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa Jacolize Meiring College of Accounting Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa Citation Bruwer, J-P., Coetzee, P. & Meiring, J., 2017, ‘The empirical relationship between the managerial conduct and internal control activities in South African small, medium and micro enterprises’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 20(1), a1569. keywords: box; business; conduct; control; control activities; correlations; employees; entities; environment; management; members; research; respondents; smmes; south; system cache: sajems-1569.htm plain text: sajems-1569.txt item: #89 of 660 id: sajems-1571 author: None title: sajems-1571 date: None words: 8493 flesch: 38 summary: Credit scorecards are based on large data samples, include legally acceptable characteristics and demonstrate correlation between variables and repayment or bad behaviour. Credit scorecards are based on real historical data and the interrelation between characteristics is considered (Abdou & Pointon 2011:61–62). keywords: anderson; application; application scorecard; bureau; clients; credit; credit scoring; cut; development; figure; information; scorecard; scoring; table cache: sajems-1571.htm plain text: sajems-1571.txt item: #90 of 660 id: sajems-1573 author: None title: sajems-1573 date: None words: 7603 flesch: 24 summary: A survey of labour relationship and supervisory behaviour articles in leading South African labour relations and human resource management journals, confirmed that no unique theory on the quality of employment or labour relationship behaviour in supervisory relationships was published in the last 10 years. However, the term primary labour relations will be preferred in this study to ensure focus on labour relationship behaviour in supervisory relationships. keywords: behaviour; compliance; faith; good; labour; labour relationship; perceptions; plq; plq perceptions; primary; quality; relationship; research; subordinates; trust cache: sajems-1573.htm plain text: sajems-1573.txt item: #91 of 660 id: sajems-1574 author: None title: sajems-1574 date: None words: 11505 flesch: 35 summary: Ethical business values shape and inform management behaviour and can directly influence employee satisfaction and their job performance (Holme 2008). Abstract Background: Although the subject of ethical business practices has a well-established tradition in large corporations where shareholder value maximisation is largely dependent on such entities’ conduct of good business ethics, its investigation in small businesses in agile, economically depressed economies such as that of Zimbabwe has targeted business owners and managers but excluded their employees. keywords: 2013; behaviour; business; business ethics; conduct; customer; employees; ethics; journal; management; managers; organisation; perceptions; respondents; scenarios; social; study; values; work; wrong cache: sajems-1574.htm plain text: sajems-1574.txt item: #92 of 660 id: sajems-1582 author: None title: sajems-1582 date: None words: 4619 flesch: 31 summary: Literature review The awareness of the lack of sustained research of followership to complement leadership research, prompted by Vecchio, Eden and Leviathan above, was also felt by Joubert and Feldman (2017). Abstract Introduction Literature review Problem statement Purpose and objectives of the research Research design Ethical consideration Results Conclusions Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Joseph A. Feldman Graduate School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa, South Africa Citation Feldman, J.A., 2018, ‘An archival review of preferred methods for theory building in follower research’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 21(1), a1582. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v21i1.1582 Original Research An archival review of preferred methods for theory building in follower research Joseph A. Feldman Received: 30 Apr. 2016; Accepted: 01 Mar. 2018; keywords: approach; followership; journal; leadership; methods; qualitative; research; review; south; studies; study; theory cache: sajems-1582.htm plain text: sajems-1582.txt item: #93 of 660 id: sajems-1591 author: None title: sajems-1591 date: None words: 7255 flesch: 38 summary: This article aims to develop a new data time series of provincial public capital stock for the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa, and then apply it to investigate the extent to which physical capital stock can promote economic growth in this province. Methods: From a theoretical framework, this article develops an endogenous growth model, which investigates the association between provincial public capital stock expenditure and economic growth. keywords: capital; capital stock; expenditure; government; growth; infrastructure; labour; national; production; provincial; skill; stock; supply; term cache: sajems-1591.htm plain text: sajems-1591.txt item: #94 of 660 id: sajems-1600 author: None title: sajems-1600 date: None words: 10238 flesch: 42 summary: The CCB, introduced by Basel III, aims to reduce bank capital procyclicality by increasing capital requirements in favourable economic conditions (BCBS 2010b). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2003.09.003 National Treasury, 2011, A safer financial sector to serve South Africa better, National Treasury Policy Document, viewed 12 March 2015, from www.treasury.gov.za. Nikolov, P.T., 2010, ‘Procyclical effects of the banking system during the financial and economic crisis 2007–2009’, Finance and Investments, viewed 26 March 2016, from http://hdl.handle.net/2105/22738 Peicuti, C., 2013, ‘Securitization and the subprime mortgage crisis’, Journal of Post-Keynesian Economics 35(3), 443–455. https://doi.org/10.2753/PKE0160-3477350306 Pennacchi, G., 2011, A structural model of contingent bank capital, Manuscript, University of Illinois. keywords: african; bank; basel; bcbs; bonds; capital; ccb; cet1; coco; contingent; credit; crisis; data; economic; equity; filter; ratio; south; trigger cache: sajems-1600.htm plain text: sajems-1600.txt item: #95 of 660 id: sajems-1603 author: Vundla, Thulile; Blignaut, James; Nkambule, Nonophile; Morokong, Tshepo; Mudavanhu, Shepherd title: The opportunity cost of not utilising the woody invasive alien plant species in the Kouga, Krom and Baviaans catchments in South Africa date: 2016-12-12 words: 8067 flesch: 62 summary: The URV, which represents the cost of water per cubic metre over the lifetime of a water infrastructure project and is estimated for comparability with other study areas regarding the cost-effectiveness of various clearing operations is therefore calculated as: URV = 𝑃𝑉 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 / 𝑃𝑉 𝑜𝑓 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦 Grand initial alien area Dmnl Proportion of Acacia saligna Initial area Acacia saligna/Grand initial alien area Dmnl Proportion of Hakea species Initial area Hakea species/Grand initial alien area Dmnl Proportion of other species Initial area other species/Grand initial alien area Dmnl Proportion of Pinus species Initial area Pinus species/Grand initial alien area Dmnl Pulp Utilizable biomass Pinus species*Proportion of Pinus species to pulp*Biomass conversion ratio into pulp*Losses ton/yr PV clearing cost Total clearing cost/Present value factor R/yr PV clearing cost rate PV clearing cost R/yr PV water volume Aliens water consumption/Present value factor m3/yr PV water volume rate PV water volume m3/yr Sequestrated carbon Acacia saligna Acacia saligna biomass*Acacia saligna clearance*Percent carbon*C:CO2 ratio ton/yr Sequestrated carbon Atriplex donax clearance Atriplex donax clearance biomass*Atriplex donax clearance*Percent keywords: acacia; area; carbon; clearance; clearing; cost; iaps; model; pinus; saligna; species; spp; study; value; water; wattle cache: sajems-1603.pdf plain text: sajems-1603.txt item: #96 of 660 id: sajems-1607 author: None title: sajems-1607 date: None words: 7652 flesch: 40 summary: https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2014.v3n2p17 Valeriani, E. & Peluso, S., 2011, ‘The impact of institutional quality on economic growth and development: Empirical evidence’, Journal of Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology 6, 1–25. Weil, D.N., 2008, Economic growth, Pearson, London. Abstract Introduction Theoretical and empirical literature review Research methodology Results and analysis Summary and concluding remarks Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Lazarus Z. Wanjuu Department of Economics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa Pierre le Roux Department of Economics, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, South Africa Citation Wanjuu, L. & Le Roux, P., 2017, ‘Economic institutions and economic growth: Empirical evidence from the Economic Community of West African States’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 20(1), a1607. keywords: countries; data; ecowas; growth; impact; institutions; model; regression; results; rgdppc; study; tests; variables cache: sajems-1607.htm plain text: sajems-1607.txt item: #97 of 660 id: sajems-1612 author: None title: sajems-1612 date: None words: 10500 flesch: 39 summary: The seminal work of Bitner (1990, 1992) on the impact of physical surroundings, including the appearance of frontline staff, has shown that the physical appearance of service providers strongly influences customers’ evaluations and perceptions in a service delivery context. No research has been done to assess whether the physical attractiveness of service providers can play a role in an emotion-laden situation such as service failure–customer complaint interaction. keywords: attractiveness; complaint; customer; female; gender; journal; level; male; research; respondents; responses; service; service encounter; service failure; service provider; service recovery; study cache: sajems-1612.htm plain text: sajems-1612.txt item: #98 of 660 id: sajems-1617 author: None title: sajems-1617 date: None words: 9736 flesch: 46 summary: Spaza shops are predominately male-run businesses, a finding that might seem surprising given that spaza shops were historically thought of as business enterprises run equally by men and women (indeed, as family run entities). Aim: In response to the developmental need to stimulate micro-enterprise growth in South African townships, the paper poses the question: what approaches are most likely to have a positive impact on township businesses, given current micro-enterprise dynamics? keywords: activities; african; business; data; economy; enterprise; entrepreneurs; growth; ivory; ivory park; micro; park; research; sector; shops; south; spaza; street; tembisa; township cache: sajems-1617.htm plain text: sajems-1617.txt item: #99 of 660 id: sajems-1619 author: None title: sajems-1619 date: None words: 7411 flesch: 44 summary: Caruana, J., 2010, Systemic risk: How to deal with it, Bank for International Settlements (BIS), viewed 20 March 2016, from http://www.bis.org/publ/othp08.htm Christoffersen, P.F., 2011, Elements of financial risk management, Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Claessens, S. & Ghosh, S.R., 2013, ‘Capital flow volatility and systemic risk in emerging markets: The policy toolkit’, in O. Canuto & S.R. Ghosh (eds.), Dealing with the challenges of macro financial linkages in emerging markets, pp. Abstract Introduction Contextualising and defining systemic risk Measuring systemic risk Data and results Summary and conclusions Acknowledgements References Footnotes About the Author(s) Gregory M. Foggitt Department of Risk Management, School of Economics, North-West University, South Africa Andre Heymans Department of Risk Management, School of Economics, North-West University, South Africa Gary W. van Vuuren Department of Risk Management, School of Economics, North-West University, South Africa Anmar Pretorius Department of Risk Management, School of Economics, North-West University, South Africa Citation Foggitt, G.M., Heymans, A., Van Vuuren, G.W. & Pretorius, A., 2017, ‘Measuring the systemic risk in the South African banking sector’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 20(1), a1619. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v20i1.1619 Original Research Measuring the systemic risk in the South African banking sector Gregory M. Foggitt, Andre Heymans, Gary W. van Vuuren, Anmar Pretorius Received: 08 June 2016; Accepted: 18 May 2017; Published: 24 Oct. 2017 Copyright: © 2017. keywords: bank; capital; crisis; data; market; period; returns; risk; sector; south; tail; value cache: sajems-1619.htm plain text: sajems-1619.txt item: #100 of 660 id: sajems-1621 author: None title: sajems-1621 date: None words: 7933 flesch: 44 summary: Setting: Small and medium-sized enterprises in South Africa do not view risk management as a key component of organisational success, despite evidence that businesses that adopt risk management strategies are more likely to survive and grow. The four process steps of risk management were used as a reference point and form the foundation for the operational risk management framework. keywords: assessment; business; example; framework; journal; market; process; production; quality; risk; risk management; smes; supply cache: sajems-1621.htm plain text: sajems-1621.txt item: #101 of 660 id: sajems-1622 author: None title: sajems-1622 date: None words: 10548 flesch: 42 summary: The intertwined nature of these questions calls for a framework to enhance business rescue evaluation in line with Trahms, Ndofor and Sirmon’s (2013) call for further research in this field. from http://sajems.org/index.php/sajems/issue/view/37 Pretorius, M. & Rosslyn-Smith, W., 2014, ‘International guidelines for business rescue plans’, South African Business Review 18(2), 108–139. keywords: analysis; bre; brp; brps; business; business rescue; criteria; decision; evaluation; evaluation criteria; framework; plan; pretorius; process; rescue; research; success; variables cache: sajems-1622.htm plain text: sajems-1622.txt item: #102 of 660 id: sajems-1626 author: None title: sajems-1626 date: None words: 8755 flesch: 52 summary: A relationship might thus exist between the changes of US yield curves and the changes of South African yield curves. During certain periods, South African yield curve changes were largely driven by variations in United States interest rates and the rand/dollar exchange rate. keywords: african; analysis; curve; data; interest; movements; period; principal; rate; shifts; slope; south; yield cache: sajems-1626.htm plain text: sajems-1626.txt item: #103 of 660 id: sajems-1630 author: None title: sajems-1630 date: None words: 9808 flesch: 41 summary: Abstract Introduction Consumer information-processing Social marketing Types of persuasive messages Emotion-based social marketing campaigns Fear-appeals in advertising A theoretical perspective on consumer responses to fear Text-based versus picture-based fear-appeals Gender-based responses to advertising stimuli Objectives Methodology The neuro-physiological measurement of consumers’ subconscious responses Galvanic skin response Eye-tracking Empirical results Summary and conclusions Implications of the study Limitations of the study Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Christo Boshoff Department of Business Management, Stellenbosch University, South Africa Lucea Toerien Department of Business Management, Stellenbosch University, South Africa Citation Boshoff, C. & Toerien, L., 2017, ‘Subconscious responses to fear-appeal health warnings: An exploratory study of cigarette packaging’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 20(1), a1630. A theoretical perspective on consumer responses to fear When facing a threatening situation or event, Protection Motivation Theory suggests that how humans respond depends on four considerations: (1) how severe the threat is perceived to be; (2) how capable the person judges themselves to deal with the potential threat should it occur (self-efficacy); (3) the chance or probability of the threat actually occurring (in other words, vulnerability); and (4) how effective the methods considered for dealing with the threat are expected to be (Rogers 1975). keywords: advertising; appeals; arousal; consumer; eye; fear; gender; gsr; health; journal; marketing; message; picture; research; responses; results; smokers; smoking; text; warnings cache: sajems-1630.htm plain text: sajems-1630.txt item: #104 of 660 id: sajems-1631 author: None title: sajems-1631 date: None words: 8915 flesch: 40 summary: Abstract Introduction Research questions Literature survey Research design Research results Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements References Appendix 1 About the Author(s) Haydn du Plessis Postgraduate School of Engineering Management, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, South Africa Annlize L. Marnewick Postgraduate School of Engineering Management, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, South Africa Citation Du Plessis, H. & Marnewick, A.L., 2017, ‘A roadmap for smart city services to address challenges faced by small businesses in South Africa’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 20(1), a1631. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v20i1.1631 Original Research A roadmap for smart city services to address challenges faced by small businesses in South Africa Haydn du Plessis, Annlize L. Marnewick Received: 18 July 2016; Accepted: 09 June 2017; Published: 29 Sept. 2017 Copyright: keywords: businesses; challenges; cities; city; city services; decision; figure; impact; literature; process; research; results; services; south; time cache: sajems-1631.htm plain text: sajems-1631.txt item: #105 of 660 id: sajems-1634 author: None title: sajems-1634 date: None words: 6765 flesch: 37 summary: Dole, W., 2013, ‘Strategic planning and assessment: Pigs of the same sow?’, The Journal of Library Administration 53, 283–292. https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2013.865397 Dubilihla, J. & Sandada, M., 2014, ‘Impact of strategic planning on small and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) performance: The role of employee participation, implementation incentives and evaluation and control’, Journal of Economics 5(1), 45–55. Abstract Introduction Literature review Research question, purpose, hypotheses and conceptual framework Research methodology Results Discussion, implications, limitations and future study Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Shingirai Gomera Department of Business Management, University of Fort Hare, South Africa Willie T. Chinyamurindi Department of Business Management, University of Fort Hare, South Africa Syden Mishi Govan Mbeki Research and Development Centre, Department of Economics, University of Fort Hare, South Africa Citation Gomera, S., Chinyamurindi, W.T. & Mishi, S., 2018, ‘Relationship between strategic planning and financial performance: The case of small, micro- and medium-scale businesses in the Buffalo City Metropolitan’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 21(1), a1634. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v21i1.1634 Original Research Relationship between strategic planning and financial performance: The case of small, micro- and medium-scale businesses in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Shingirai Gomera, Willie T. Chinyamurindi, Syden Mishi Received: 24 July 2016; Accepted: 19 Dec. 2017; Published: 09 May 2018 Copyright: © 2018. keywords: business; management; organisation; performance; planning; planning process; process; relationship; research; smmes; strategy; study cache: sajems-1634.htm plain text: sajems-1634.txt item: #106 of 660 id: sajems-1636 author: None title: sajems-1636 date: None words: 6891 flesch: 24 summary: Abstract Introduction Employability Research design Results Discussion and recommendations Limitations and conclusions Ethical consideration Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Jo-Anne Botha Department of Human Resource Management, College of Economic and Management Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa Mariette Coetzee Department of Human Resource Management, College of Economic and Management Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa Citation Botha, J-A. & Coetzee, M., 2017, The significance of employee biographics in explaining employability attributes’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 20(1), a1636. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v20i1.1636 Note: This article is partially based on Botha’s dissertation for the degree of Master of Commerce, in the subject Human Resource Management, at the University of South Africa, South Africa, with supervisors Prof. Melinde Coetzee and Prof. Mariette Coetzee, received January 2014, available here: http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/13598/dissertation_botha_j-a.pdf?sequence=1 Original Research The significance of employee biographics in explaining employability attributes Jo-Anne Botha, Mariette Coetzee Received: 28 July 2016; Accepted: 01 Aug. 2017; Published: 04 Dec. 2017 Copyright: © 2017. Participants older than 50 years scored the highest on self-efficacy. Conclusion and implications: The findings of this research could ensure that previously disadvantaged individuals are not further marginalised because of a lack of employability attributes and that the required employability attributes can be cultivated to ensure advancement and success in the work place. keywords: attributes; career; coetzee; employability; employability attributes; employees; journal; management; race; research; self; skills; south; work cache: sajems-1636.htm plain text: sajems-1636.txt item: #107 of 660 id: sajems-1638 author: None title: sajems-1638 date: None words: 8104 flesch: 48 summary: Again the value of the lag parameter that minimises the AIC for all values of k is 0; however, there are some noticeable differences between the inflation and GDP models. This indicates that it is unlikely that the RYGEY as a linear predictor of GDP growth will be a reasonably useful single tool to the SARB when considering the use of different models over upwards and downwards business cycles. keywords: forecasting; gdp; gdp growth; growth; inflation; linear; models; results; ryg; south; yield cache: sajems-1638.htm plain text: sajems-1638.txt item: #108 of 660 id: sajems-1640 author: None title: sajems-1640 date: None words: 9650 flesch: 36 summary: Eigenvalues for entrepreneurial competencies efficiency regression model. Simone Nieuwoudt Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, South Africa Johannes I.F. Henning Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, South Africa Henry Jordaan Department of Agricultural Economics, University of the Free State, South Africa Citation Nieuwoudt, S., Henning, J.I.F. & Jordaan, H., 2017, ‘Entrepreneurial competencies and financial performance of farmers in South Africa’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 20(1), a1640. keywords: analysis; business; competencies; component; efficiency; factor; farmers; farms; increase; operating; operating efficiency; performance; relationship; score; variables cache: sajems-1640.htm plain text: sajems-1640.txt item: #109 of 660 id: sajems-1642 author: None title: sajems-1642 date: None words: 10383 flesch: 33 summary: Classifying knowledge transfer mechanisms and tools: Earlier research The problems and hurdles of across project knowledge transfer are acknowledged by many in the field and a large proliferation of transfer mechanisms or tools are identified by several studies (Boh & Wong 2013; Jasimuddin 2007; Jasimuddin & Zhang 2009; Ruuska & Vartiainen 2005). Efficient and successful across project knowledge transfer can be considered as a combination of the characteristics and the type of knowledge being transferred and the transfer mechanisms and tools used. keywords: analysis; characteristics; class; cluster; journal; knowledge management; knowledge transfer; latent; learning; management; model; organisations; project; project knowledge; project management; research; study; table; tools; transfer mechanisms cache: sajems-1642.htm plain text: sajems-1642.txt item: #110 of 660 id: sajems-1644 author: None title: sajems-1644 date: None words: 7584 flesch: 39 summary: Abstract Introduction Research questions Literature review Research design Empirical results and discussion Limitations of this study and areas for further research Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Mark H.R. Bussin Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa Marvin Ncube Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa Citation Bussin, M.H.R. & Ncube, M., 2017, ‘Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer compensation relationship to company performance in state-owned entities’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 20(1), a1644. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v20i1.1644 Original Research Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer compensation relationship to company performance in state-owned entities Mark H.R. Bussin, Marvin Ncube Received: 06 Aug. 2016; Accepted: 14 July 2017; Published: 30 Oct. 2017 Copyright: keywords: ceo; cfo; company performance; executive; measures; pay; performance; relationship; remuneration; soes; south; study; term cache: sajems-1644.htm plain text: sajems-1644.txt item: #111 of 660 id: sajems-1645 author: None title: sajems-1645 date: None words: 7836 flesch: 43 summary: Lusardi, A. & Mitchell, O.S., 2007, ‘Baby boomers’ retirement security: The role of planning, financial literacy and housing wealth’, Journal of Monetary Economics 54, 205–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2006.12.001 Lusardi, A. & Mitchell, O.S., 2011a, ‘The outlook for financial literacy’, in O.S. Mitchell & A. Lusardi (eds.), Financial literacy: Implications for retirement security and the financial marketplace, pp. 181–205, Oxford University Press, Oxford. This is problematic as grant recipients are often offered many financial products.11 Finally, financial literacy scores increase as income levels increase, a result similar to that found in most studies conducted elsewhere, reflecting either the increase in demand for financial products and services that require financial proficiency, or an increase in affordability of investment in acquiring financial literacy. keywords: africa; average; characteristics; data; education; financial; income; individuals; knowledge; levels; literacy; lusardi; research; scores; south; table cache: sajems-1645.htm plain text: sajems-1645.txt item: #112 of 660 id: sajems-1647 author: None title: sajems-1647 date: None words: 7514 flesch: 38 summary: Abstract Introduction Literature review Innovation and economic growth in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa Data and empirical model specification Ethical consideration Estimation results Conclusion Acknowledgements References Appendix 1 Footnotes About the Author(s) Brima Sesay School of Economics, Wuhan University of Technology, China Zhao Yulin School of Economics, Wuhan University of Technology, China Fang Wang School of Economics, Wuhan University of Technology, China Citation Sesay, B., Yulin, Z. & Wang, F., 2018, ‘Does the national innovation system spur economic growth in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa economies? Evidence from panel data’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 21(1), a1647. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v21i1.1647 Original Research Does the national innovation system spur economic growth in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa economies? keywords: brics; china; countries; data; economic; effect; growth; innovation; model; nis; panel; r&d; study; variables cache: sajems-1647.htm plain text: sajems-1647.txt item: #113 of 660 id: sajems-1650 author: None title: sajems-1650 date: None words: 6564 flesch: 50 summary: Furthermore, administrative weaknesses and errors of design, contribute towards inefficiency regarding the collection of income tax due. A main feature of tax reforms thus far was the restructuring of the South African Revenue Service (SARS) in order to improve on the collection of taxes and also the shift towards value-added tax in support of income tax. keywords: africa; brackets; capita; countries; gdp; income; income tax; model; south; tax; threshold cache: sajems-1650.htm plain text: sajems-1650.txt item: #114 of 660 id: sajems-1655 author: None title: sajems-1655 date: None words: 8803 flesch: 54 summary: The impact of European Union Free Trade Agreement on South Africa imports (US$ 1000) Based on Smart simulation, South Africa is expected to record an increase of US$ 1.266 billion, which is merely of trade creation effect. Table 9 shows South Africa imports before the EU-FTA, imports after the EU-FTA and changes in imports revenue. keywords: agreement; exports; free; fta; impact; imports; products; revenue; south africa; trade; trade agreement; trade creation; welfare cache: sajems-1655.htm plain text: sajems-1655.txt item: #115 of 660 id: sajems-1658 author: None title: sajems-1658 date: None words: 9427 flesch: 42 summary: In other words, simply ascribing private hospital expenditure increases to hospital price increases is incorrect. Marine Erasmus Econex, Stellenbosch, South Africa Department of Economics, Stellenbosch University, South Africa Helen Kean Econex, Stellenbosch, South Africa Citation Erasmus, M. & Kean, H., 2018, ‘Private hospital expenditure and relation to utilisation: Observations from the data’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 21(1), a1658. keywords: age; beneficiaries; data; expenditure; hospital; increases; medical; scheme; scheme expenditure; study; utilisation cache: sajems-1658.htm plain text: sajems-1658.txt item: #116 of 660 id: sajems-1660 author: None title: sajems-1660 date: None words: 8494 flesch: 46 summary: In Ghana, Abradu-Otoo, Amoah and Bawumiah (2003), using generalised impulse responses, could not find any effects of monetary policy shocks on aggregate demand or output. Long lived assets, such as residential investment and consumption of durables which should respond to real long-term rates, equally responded to monetary policy shocks, which ideally impacts on short-term rates (Bernanke and Gertler 1995). keywords: africa; consumption; credit; household; household consumption; household credit; inflation; interest; policy; rate; repo; south; south africa; time; var cache: sajems-1660.htm plain text: sajems-1660.txt item: #117 of 660 id: sajems-167 author: Oberholzer, Merwe title: The relative importance of financial ratios in creating shareholders’ wealth date: 2012-11-20 words: 7939 flesch: 55 summary: T a b l e 3 Spearman’s rank-order correlation between technical efficiency and profitability and market value ratios December year-end companies (n = 22) Profitability ratios Market value ratios PM ROA ROE DY PE PB PNAV PCF 2008 0.313 0.486** 0.486** 0.035 -0.318 0.183 0.309 -0.024 2007 -0.236 0.415* 0.384* 0.061 Total 0.112 0.413* 0.592*** 0.005 -0.160 0.238 0.378* -0.070 June year-end companies (n = 33) Profitability ratios Market value ratios PM ROA ROE DY PE PB PNAV PCF 2008 0.113 0.441** 0.382* 0.252 0.008 0.279 0.352* 0.143 2007 0.132 0.300 0.698*** 0.212 0.132 0.383* 0.303 0.088 2006 0.034 0.501** 0.690*** 0.297 -0.216 0.033 0.159 -0.301 2005 0.241 0.446** 0.574*** 0.152 -0.096 0.236 0.198 -0.035 2004 0.041 0.237 0.462** -0.239 -0.120 0.318 0.333 -0.163 keywords: companies; data; dea; efficiency; firm; market; market value; performance; price; profitability; ratios; study; value; value ratios cache: sajems-167.pdf plain text: sajems-167.txt item: #118 of 660 id: sajems-1680 author: None title: sajems-1680 date: None words: 8863 flesch: 31 summary: Although a positive correlation was found between providing initiatives such as orientation programmes to expatriates prior to their repatriation and lower repatriation turnover rates, addressing the negative effect of financial changes once repatriated needs to receive special attention during such a programme with this being the primary cause of repatriation turnover. Repatriation support and repatriation turnover rates A moderately positive statistically significant correlation was found between an expatriate manager perceiving offering repatriation support to repatriates as being important during repatriation and the repatriation turnover rates of expatriates in year 2 after repatriation (r = 0.446, p < 0.01) (Spearman’s correlation coefficient) (see Table 13). keywords: assignment; correlation; enterprises; expatriate; international; mnes; repatriation; repatriation process; repatriation turnover; south; support; turnover rates; year cache: sajems-1680.htm plain text: sajems-1680.txt item: #119 of 660 id: sajems-1681 author: None title: sajems-1681 date: None words: 8602 flesch: 42 summary: We examine the link between financial innovation in the form of branchless banking models and bank financial performance in Kenya’s commercial banks. Methods: We use the Koyck dynamic distributed lag model to estimate the relationship between financial innovations and bank financial performance. keywords: banking; banks; data; firm; industry; innovation; journal; kenya; performance; relationship; research; results; studies; study; variables cache: sajems-1681.htm plain text: sajems-1681.txt item: #120 of 660 id: sajems-1685 author: None title: sajems-1685 date: None words: 6419 flesch: 34 summary: Comparative advantages of Senegal Revealed comparative advantage of Senegal (and also appropriate comparator economies – see below), based on the concept of normalised revealed comparative advantage index (NI), was determined as follows. Dedicated studies analysing Senegalese comparative advantages are rare. keywords: advantage; apparel; comparator; economic; economies; economy; growth; industries; lin; rca; senegal; senegalese; trade cache: sajems-1685.htm plain text: sajems-1685.txt item: #121 of 660 id: sajems-1689 author: None title: sajems-1689 date: None words: 8135 flesch: 42 summary: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2231(94)00012-3 Comin, D. & Gertler, M., 2006, ‘Medium term business cycles’, The American Economic Review 96(3), 523–551. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.96.3.523 Comin, D., Loayza, N., Pasha, F. & Serven, L., 2012, Medium term business cycles in developing countries, NBER Working Paper Series Working Paper No. 15428, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(94)90049-3 King, R. & Rebelo, S.T., 1999, ‘Resuscitating real business cycles’, in J.B. Taylor & M. Woodford (eds.), Handbook of macroeconomics, Elsevier, Amsterdam. keywords: business; business cycle; cycles; deviation; deviation cycles; frequency; medium; output; shocks; south; term; term deviation cache: sajems-1689.htm plain text: sajems-1689.txt item: #122 of 660 id: sajems-1695 author: None title: sajems-1695 date: None words: 7606 flesch: 39 summary: Much of the body of knowledge is devoted to consider how different balanced fund asset allocation strategies and life cycle fund asset allocation strategies fair as well as to critically compare the efficacy of traditional life cycle versus balanced funds. Pfau, W.D., 2011, ‘The portfolio size effect and lifecycle asset allocation funds: A different perspective’, The Journal of Portfolio Management 37, 44–53. keywords: allocation; asset; cycle; distribution; funds; life; life cycle; retirement; risk; wealth cache: sajems-1695.htm plain text: sajems-1695.txt item: #123 of 660 id: sajems-17 author: Akanbi, Olusegun Ayodele title: The macroeconomic determinants of technological progress in Nigeria date: 2011-08-25 words: 7790 flesch: 55 summary: Based on the growth accounting literature, an economy’s production function is explained by the inputs of labour and capital and any residual not explained by these inputs is considered as total factor productivity growth, which also measures technological progress broadly (Hayani, 2001). This gives an indication of why the level of human development has been deteriorating in Nigeria, which can have an adverse effect on the rate of productivity growth in the economy (Abel & Bernanke, 2005:215). keywords: capital; cent; country; development; economic; factor; growth; labour; level; nigeria; poverty; productivity; progress; technology; variables cache: sajems-17.pdf plain text: sajems-17.txt item: #124 of 660 id: sajems-1701 author: None title: sajems-1701 date: None words: 9205 flesch: 35 summary: It is evident from the review of subnational credit rating methodologies documented by Fourie et al. Firstly, the variables used in subnational credit rating methodologies can be grouped into five broad factors, namely, the subnational’s economic conditions, the fiscal performance of the subnational, the financial and debt position of the subnational, the management quality and strength of subnational institutions, as well as the influence of the sovereign factors, intergovernmental relations and fiscal arrangements on the subnational. keywords: africa; credit rating; data; department; education; health; methodologies; methodology; models; rating methodologies; south; subnational cache: sajems-1701.htm plain text: sajems-1701.txt item: #125 of 660 id: sajems-1703 author: None title: sajems-1703 date: None words: 8244 flesch: 45 summary: Pension benefits are expected to be inversely related to the rates of inflation such that an increasing INF would cause a decline in the value of pension benefits. Grace Ofori-Abebrese Department of Economics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana Robert Becker Pickson College of Economics and Management, Sichuan Agricultural University, China Sherifatu Abubakari Department of Economics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana Citation Ofori-Abebrese, G., Pickson, R.B. & Abubakari, S., 2017, ‘Assessing the impact of macroeconomic variables on pension benefits in Ghana: keywords: ghana; impact; inflation; national; pension benefits; pension reform; pension scheme; retirement; run; security; study; variables cache: sajems-1703.htm plain text: sajems-1703.txt item: #126 of 660 id: sajems-1706 author: None title: sajems-1706 date: None words: 7343 flesch: 42 summary: For example, market risk models capture complete return distributions whereas credit risk models account mostly for losses stemming from defaults and ignore gains. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(99)00053-9 Denzlera, S.M., Dacorognaa, M.M., Müllera, U.A. & McNeil, A.J., 2006, ‘From default probabilities to credit spreads: Credit risk models do explain market prices’, Finance Research Letters 3(2), 79–85. keywords: bcbs; buvar; capital; credit; default; figure; market; model; rate; risk; south; spread; wong cache: sajems-1706.htm plain text: sajems-1706.txt item: #127 of 660 id: sajems-1710 author: None title: sajems-1710 date: None words: 7825 flesch: 37 summary: Consumer households perceive higher prices of imported rice brands as a reflection of better quality attributes, and this perception reinforces their preference and WTP for imported rice brands. Conclusion: Rice consumers in Nigeria compare price and quality differentials before making a choice between local and imported rice brands. keywords: attributes; choice; consumer; food; household; journal; market; nigeria; perception; preference; price; probability; product; quality; rice brands; study; wtp cache: sajems-1710.htm plain text: sajems-1710.txt item: #128 of 660 id: sajems-1715 author: None title: sajems-1715 date: None words: 10200 flesch: 42 summary: An additional rigorous test of construct validity is the so-called factorial validity, which is based on the results of factor analysis, with the primary purpose of defining the underlying structure among the variables included in the analysis (Hair et al. 2010). The results of the assessment of the a priori PCQ factor structure (original factor structure) of Luthans et al. (2007) as used in South African studies by Görgens-Ekermans and Herbert (2013), Pillay et al. (2014), Shaik and Buitendach (2015) and Hansen et al. keywords: capital; construct; efficacy; factor; hope; items; luthans; optimism; psycap; resilience; results; self; table; validity cache: sajems-1715.htm plain text: sajems-1715.txt item: #129 of 660 id: sajems-1717 author: None title: sajems-1717 date: None words: 6949 flesch: 44 summary: Aim: This article proposes a relative dynamic two-stage network data envelopment analysis model for measurement of bank efficiency based on the slack-based measure. We also present useful suggestions for improvement in bank efficiency based on the empirical results. keywords: analysis; bank efficiency; banking; banks; dea; efficiency; ghana; journal; model; performance; period; profitability; stage cache: sajems-1717.htm plain text: sajems-1717.txt item: #130 of 660 id: sajems-1723 author: None title: sajems-1723 date: None words: 9319 flesch: 37 summary: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.08.031 Mychajluk, M., 2015, e-mail, 01 June, MariaMy@jse.co.za Nathan-MSI Group, 2004, Effectiveness and economic impact of tax incentives in the SADC region, viewed 17 April 2014, from http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/Pnacy929.pdf Niesing, G., 2012, ‘Assessing the barriers companies face towards the implementation of corporate energy efficiency strategies’, Master thesis, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa. Nortje, D., 2009, ‘A literature study of renewable energy tax incentives’, Master thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. Nteo, L.D., 2012, ‘Role of market based instruments in transitioning to a low carbon economy: TABLE 1: Energy efficiency or renewable energy tax incentives in South Africa. keywords: african; businesses; energy; government; instruments; investment; projects; republic; respondents; south; south africa; tax incentives; use cache: sajems-1723.htm plain text: sajems-1723.txt item: #131 of 660 id: sajems-1725 author: De Wit, Martin title: Another look at economic approaches to environmental management and policy with reference to developments in South Africa date: 2016-12-09 words: 7360 flesch: 41 summary: No 5:690-701 How to cite DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2222-3436/2016/v19n5a1 ISSN: 2222-3436 ANOTHER LOOK AT ECONOMIC APPROACHES TO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND POLICY WITH REFERENCE TO DEVELOPMENTS IN SOUTH AFRICA EDITORIAL Martin de Wit School of Public Leadership, University of Stellenbosch The wide acceptance of economic approaches to environmental management and policy, masks increasing heterogeneity in the field. 6 Discussion on the opportunities and limitations of economic approaches The main opportunity for economic approaches to environmental management and policy is its general acceptability and application in the formulation of environmental policy. keywords: africa; approach; blignaut; capital; development; economics; management; policy; research; resource; sajems; south; sustainability; systems cache: sajems-1725.pdf plain text: sajems-1725.txt item: #132 of 660 id: sajems-1726 author: None title: sajems-1726 date: None words: 8834 flesch: 45 summary: In this sequential study it was therefore important to first, review current research on the topic of business rescue success for any additional indicators of success, and second, consult South African business rescue practitioners, as experts in this field, to assist with compiling a South African relevant set of business rescue success indicators. The indicator is therefore included in the list of business rescue success indicators. keywords: africa; business rescue; experts; indicators; questionnaire; rescue practitioners; rescue success; research; south; study; success; success indicators cache: sajems-1726.htm plain text: sajems-1726.txt item: #133 of 660 id: sajems-1728 author: None title: sajems-1728 date: None words: 6083 flesch: 35 summary: Abstract Introduction Problem statement: The lack of financial indicators on quality management system Study objectives Theoretical consideration for this study Methodology Study results Discussion Implications of results Limitations of the study Conclusion Future research required Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Robert W.D. Zondo Faculty of Management Sciences, Durban University of Technology, South Africa Citation Zondo, R.W.D., 2018, ‘Assessing the financial implications of quality management system accreditation on small training providers in KwaZulu-Natal’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 21(1), a1728. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v21i1.1728 Original Research Assessing the financial implications of quality management system accreditation on small training providers in KwaZulu-Natal Robert W.D. Zondo Received: 14 Dec. 2016; keywords: accreditation; accredited; business; management; performance; practices; providers; qms; quality; study; training; training providers cache: sajems-1728.htm plain text: sajems-1728.txt item: #134 of 660 id: sajems-1729 author: None title: sajems-1729 date: None words: 9127 flesch: 33 summary: The local accounting journal, South African Journal of Accounting Research (SAJAR), is assessed because of its status as the premier South African accounting journal among South African accounting academics. https://doi.org/10.1080/10291954.2006.11435121 Acaravci, S.K., Ozturk, I. & Acaravci, A., 2009, ‘Financial development and economic growth: Literature survey and empirical evidence from sub-Saharan African countries’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 12(1), 11–27. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v12i1.258 Ackers, B., 2009, ‘Corporate social responsibility assurance: How do South African publicly listed companies compare?’, Meditari Accountancy Research 17(2), 1–17. keywords: accountancy; accounting; accounting journal; accounting research; african; analysts; analysts journal; articles; business; investment; journal; management; meditari; meditari accountancy; reporting; research; sciences; south; south africa; study cache: sajems-1729.htm plain text: sajems-1729.txt item: #135 of 660 id: sajems-1738 author: None title: sajems-1738 date: None words: 6946 flesch: 41 summary: Recommendations Although there is no evidence to suggest that South African female entrepreneurs’ business concepts or ideas are evaluated differently from those of male entrepreneurs by venture capital fund managers, for the purposes of funding, in many instances, societies benefit overall from venture capital firms with women partners (Brush, Carter, Gatewood, Greene & Hart 2006). In a global community with at least half of the working population being self-employed, there is a high probability that venture capital firms with women partners are more likely to fund women-founded SMEs (Brush et al. 2006; Cho, Robalino & Watson 2016). keywords: access; africa; business; capitalists; entrepreneurs; female; finance; gender; south; study; venture; venture capital; women cache: sajems-1738.htm plain text: sajems-1738.txt item: #136 of 660 id: sajems-1741 author: None title: sajems-1741 date: None words: 7592 flesch: 35 summary: The validation of strategic thinking sub-constructs is in line with similar studies that singled out lack of strategic thinking competency in organisations as a major source of leadership ineffectiveness (Bonn 2001; Jelenc 2008; Liedtka 1998; Rosche 2003). Strategic thinking competency: From the CFA performed on strategic thinking sub-constructs, four sub-constructs loaded successfully, namely strategic thinking (general), intent-focused, intelligent opportunism and hypothesis-driven. keywords: bank; competency; constructs; effectiveness; leadership; leadership effectiveness; model; relationship; results; study; sub; table; thinking; thinking competency cache: sajems-1741.htm plain text: sajems-1741.txt item: #137 of 660 id: sajems-1743 author: None title: sajems-1743 date: None words: 6556 flesch: 39 summary: Abstract Introduction Literature review Methods and procedures Results and discussion Limitations of the study and areas for further research Conclusions and implications for policy Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Olebogeng Marumo Department of Agricultural Economics, North-West University, South Africa Majola L. Mabuza Department of Agricultural Economics, North-West University, South Africa Citation Marumo, O. & Mabuza, M.L., 2018, ‘Determinants of urban consumers’ participation in informal vegetable markets: Evidence from Mahikeng, North West province, South Africa, and implications for policy’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 21(1), a1743. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v21i1.1743 Original Research Determinants of urban consumers’ participation in informal vegetable markets: Evidence from Mahikeng, North West province, South Africa, and implications for policy Olebogeng Marumo, Majola L. Mabuza Received: 08 Jan. 2017; Accepted: 13 Dec. 2017; Abstract Background: This article seeks to examine the perceptions of urban dwellers towards participating in informal vegetable markets and determine the underlying factors shaping their decisions to participate in such markets. keywords: africa; consumers; food; households; markets; model; perceptions; quality; results; south; study; urban; vegetable cache: sajems-1743.htm plain text: sajems-1743.txt item: #138 of 660 id: sajems-1744 author: None title: sajems-1744 date: None words: 8807 flesch: 41 summary: (2001) argued that the worst excesses of financial cycles can be mitigated; however, this requires the acknowledgement of increased risk in boom periods and that the materialisation of bad loans does not necessarily imply an increase in risk. (2016) assert that previous investigations into financial cycles and their statistical properties focussed on three approaches. keywords: african; buffer; business; capital; ccb; credit; cycle; data; filter; gap; gdp; kalman; kalman filter; series; south; time; trend cache: sajems-1744.htm plain text: sajems-1744.txt item: #139 of 660 id: sajems-1756 author: None title: sajems-1756 date: None words: 6387 flesch: 36 summary: This article mainly focused on the literature review of business ethical practices of SMEs particularly in developing countries. Hence, future scholars and researchers should conduct empirical qualitative and quantitative studies covering both SMEs and large companies globally with regard to ethical business practices and dilemmas. keywords: behaviour; business; business ethics; challenges; countries; employees; enterprises; ethics; good; journal; practices; smes; values cache: sajems-1756.htm plain text: sajems-1756.txt item: #140 of 660 id: sajems-1757 author: None title: sajems-1757 date: None words: 6563 flesch: 42 summary: These drivers of electricity demand add complexity in electricity demand forecasting and create uncertainties around the forecasts. Electricity demand forecasts can be developed for short, medium- or long-term horizons, and they could be provided as point forecasts, which give one value at each time interval, or as probabilistic forecasts which give a full distribution of future values and therefore allow the assessment of uncertainties around the forecasts. keywords: africa; demand; demand distribution; distribution; electricity; electricity demand; forecasting; forecasts; hourly; regression; south cache: sajems-1757.htm plain text: sajems-1757.txt item: #141 of 660 id: sajems-1766 author: None title: sajems-1766 date: None words: 11010 flesch: 36 summary: As far as policy formation is concerned, this belief is in line with the suggestion that any policies aimed at reducing area level vulnerability should not rely solely on increasing incomes. Abstract Background: The authors of this article ‘Measuring the vulnerability of sub-national regions in South Africa’ (Naudé, McGillivray and Rossouw 2009b) present an exploration into economic vulnerability from a sub-national perspective. keywords: africa; areas; data; development; districts; economic; income; index; lvi; naudé; policy; poverty; results; south; spillovers; vulnerability cache: sajems-1766.htm plain text: sajems-1766.txt item: #142 of 660 id: sajems-1768 author: None title: sajems-1768 date: None words: 6514 flesch: 35 summary: Entrepreneurial intentions A number of models have been used to explain entrepreneurial intention, such as the Maximization of the Expected Utility Model (Douglas & Shepherd 2000), the Entrepreneurial Event Model, the Model of Implementing Entrepreneurial Ideas (Bird 1988) or Shapero’s (1982). https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v15i4.213 Fayolle, A. & Liñán, F., 2014, ‘The future of research on entrepreneurial intentions’, Journal of Business Research 67(5), 663–666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.11.024 Fayolle, A., Liñán, F. & Moriano, A.J., 2014, ‘Beyond entrepreneurial intentions: Values and motivations in entrepreneurship’, International Entrepreneurial Management Journal 10, 679–689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-014-0306-7 Gathungu, J.M. & Mwangi, P.W., 2014, ‘Entrepreneurial intention, culture, gender and new venture creation: Critical review’, International Journal of Business and Social Research (IJBSR) 4(2), 112–132. Kalitanyi, V. & Visser, K., 2016, ‘Social values as determinants of entrepreneurial intentions among university students in Cape Town-South Africa’, Problems and Perspectives in Management 14(3), 185–193. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(3-1).2016.05 Keong, L.C., 2008, ‘Entrepreneurial intention: An empirical study among Open University Malaysia Students’, Unpublished thesis, Open University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. Krueger, N.F., 2007, ‘What lies beneath? keywords: business; development; employment; entrepreneurship; income; intentions; people; research; south; students; study; table; variable cache: sajems-1768.htm plain text: sajems-1768.txt item: #143 of 660 id: sajems-1772 author: None title: sajems-1772 date: None words: 5708 flesch: 42 summary: Abstract Background: The Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) faces pervasive income stagnation, high inequality, increasing population growth rates and poverty. Aim: There is a dearth of strong empirical evidence that shows empirical linkages between population growth rates, incomes and savings in the SADC and this article aims to investigate these linkages. keywords: capita; growth; income; model; population; population growth; rates; sadc; savings cache: sajems-1772.htm plain text: sajems-1772.txt item: #144 of 660 id: sajems-1773 author: None title: sajems-1773 date: None words: 5358 flesch: 36 summary: The OLS model used was as follows: Labour productivity = Bo + B1 Spoilage + B2 Absenteeism + B3 Number of workers involved in production + B4 Investment + B5 Pre and Post-dummy The above model assumes that labour productivity is a function of spoilage rate, absenteeism rate, the number of workers involved in production, investment and gainsharing strategy. Labour productivity results Table 5 presents the results for labour productivity as a dependent variable to absenteeism and spoilage rates, the number of workers involved in production, as well as gainsharing. keywords: absenteeism; companies; employee; gainsharing; labour; labour productivity; performance; productivity; programme; relationship; results; study cache: sajems-1773.htm plain text: sajems-1773.txt item: #145 of 660 id: sajems-1789 author: None title: sajems-1789 date: None words: 11327 flesch: 45 summary: Abstract Introduction Current income tax treatment of trusts in South Africa Benefits and costs of establishing a trust Clarification of the taxation of trust reform proposals Trust reform proposals versus amendments Summary, conclusion and recommendations Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Sophia M. Brink School of Accountancy, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa Citation Brink, S.M., 2017, ‘An investigation into the future of discretionary trusts in South Africa: An income tax perspective: Part 2’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 20(1), a1789. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v20i1.1789 Note: For tax purposes trusts are being used as an estate planning mechanism, including the avoidance of estate duty and donations tax. keywords: disposer; donations tax; estate; income tax; interest; loan; proposals; reform proposals; tax; trust; trust reform cache: sajems-1789.htm plain text: sajems-1789.txt item: #146 of 660 id: sajems-179 author: Jibao, Samuel; Schoeman, Niek; Naraidoo, Ruthira title: Fiscal regime changes and the sustainability of fiscal imbalance in South Africa: a smooth transition error-correction approach date: 2012-06-05 words: 7779 flesch: 58 summary: u r e 6 Time varying parameter, budget deficit regime The sustainability of government deficits: implications of the present value borrowing constraint. keywords: + +; africa; budget; cent; deficit; expenditure; gdp; government; linear; model; non; series; south; test; transition cache: sajems-179.pdf plain text: sajems-179.txt item: #147 of 660 id: sajems-1799 author: None title: sajems-1799 date: None words: 6846 flesch: 32 summary: Limitations and future research Boaventura et al. (2012) highlight the fact that theoretical empirical studies on the affiliations between corporate financial performance and corporate social performance have encouraged an increasing trend over the years, which emphasises the need for continuous research in this field. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2006.09.004 Boaventura, J.M.G., Da Silva, R.S. & Bandeira-de-Mello, R., 2012, ‘Corporate financial performance and corporate social performance: Methodological development and the theoretical contribution of empirical studies’, Revista Contabilidade & Finanças 23(60), 232–245. keywords: business; companies; company; governance; index; investment; journal; jse; market; performance; relationship; responsibility; responsible; south; sri; study cache: sajems-1799.htm plain text: sajems-1799.txt item: #148 of 660 id: sajems-1816 author: None title: sajems-1816 date: None words: 6868 flesch: 41 summary: Marino, T. & Russo, M., 2008, ‘Italian restyling of interest deduction rules: The amendments of the Italian finance bill for 2008’, Intertax 36(5), 204–210. It is submitted that this trend identified for foreign-held entities may be an indication of more aggressive tax behaviour in the form of high interest deductions. keywords: companies; debt; ebitda; entities; foreign; interest; oecd; percentile; ratios; south; tax cache: sajems-1816.htm plain text: sajems-1816.txt item: #149 of 660 id: sajems-1821 author: None title: sajems-1821 date: None words: 7724 flesch: 42 summary: The relationship between government revenue and expenditure would then be interpreted within four hypotheses: (1) the tax-and-spend hypothesis by Friedman (1978), where causality is unidirectional from revenue to expenditure; (2) the spend-and-tax hypothesis by Peacock and Wiseman (1979), where causality is unidirectional from expenditure to revenue; (3) the fiscal synchronisation hypothesis, which means government revenues and expenditures are determined simultaneously (bi-directional causality); and (iv) the institutional separation hypothesis, when there is no causality between revenue and expenditure. The Hakkio and Rush (1991) methodology for fiscal policy sustainability uses co-integration tests. keywords: debt; expenditure; gap; gdp; government; growth; hypothesis; policy; results; revenue; sustainability; swaziland; tax cache: sajems-1821.htm plain text: sajems-1821.txt item: #150 of 660 id: sajems-1823 author: Kellik, V. title: Neosynthesis in economic theory date: 1998-03-31 words: 3098 flesch: 59 summary: General systems theory was stilI unknown in Marshall's day. The precondition for the neosynthesis in economic theory proposed in this article, has been the disappearance of erunity between the rival economic systems of the world. keywords: economy; theory; time; vol cache: sajems-1823.pdf plain text: sajems-1823.txt item: #151 of 660 id: sajems-1824 author: Reekie, W. D. title: A view on the treatment of collusive and restrictive practices in competition policy date: 1998-03-31 words: 11739 flesch: 59 summary: Market price is determined impersonally by the interaction of the total supply of the product and the total demand. and a high degree of knowledge of market prices among sellers and buyers. keywords: act; board; competition; e gr; e p; li ce; market; nc e; policy; price cache: sajems-1824.pdf plain text: sajems-1824.txt item: #152 of 660 id: sajems-1825 author: Gering, M. title: A note on an alternative approach to affirmative action date: 1998-03-31 words: 2245 flesch: 59 summary: It is shown how these ideas are being extended as a proactive tool in the context of changing management projects. The direct approach to affirmative action places affinnative action candidates directly into positions freed up either passively or through active intervention. keywords: action; management cache: sajems-1825.pdf plain text: sajems-1825.txt item: #153 of 660 id: sajems-1826 author: Bisschoff, C. A. title: The role of openly communicated motives during the rationalization process of irrigation system buying behaviour date: 1998-03-31 words: 3067 flesch: 56 summary: The dualistic influence of motives in buying behaviour calls for a study of consumer motives, and since the underlying motives have already been discussed. Nr 1 43 such a state of affairs could be that a person may claim that he bought an expensive German vehicle due its vast safety features and durability (communicated motives). keywords: irrigation; motives; system; variance cache: sajems-1826.pdf plain text: sajems-1826.txt item: #154 of 660 id: sajems-1837 author: None title: sajems-1837 date: None words: 9589 flesch: 33 summary: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.11.002 Demirgüç-Kunt, A. & Klapper, L., 2012a, Measuring financial inclusion: The global findex database, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 6025 (April), pp. 1–61, viewed 25 February 2017, from http://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/book/10.1596/978-0-8213-9509-7 Demirgüç-Kunt, A. & Klapper, L., 2012b, Financial inclusion in Africa: An overview, Policy Research Working Paper No. 6088, World Bank, Washington, DC. Financial Inclusion Centre UK, 2016, The causes of financial exclusion, viewed 2017, from http://inclusioncentre.co.uk/wordpress29/the-financial-inclusion-challenge/the-causes-of-financial-exclusion FINCA International, 2016, Financial inclusion, viewed 27 February 2017, from http://www.finca.org/our-impact/improved-lives/financial-inclusion/Finscope Consumer Survey Zimbabwe. Ghatak, A., 2013, ‘Demand side factors affecting financial inclusion’, Research Journal of Social Science & Management, 3(1), 2251–2157. keywords: analysis; bank; confidence; factors; financial; inclusion; research; sector; services; study; supply; table; traders; values; variables; zimbabwe cache: sajems-1837.htm plain text: sajems-1837.txt item: #155 of 660 id: sajems-1841 author: None title: sajems-1841 date: None words: 8109 flesch: 39 summary: To find an adequate instrument for Internet access, thus a variable that is exogenous, which is uncorrelated with the error term and sufficiently strongly correlated with the endogenous variable, was a challenge and the options of variables to instrument Internet access were limited. Abstract Introduction Theoretical approach and literature review Methodology Data and the selection of the variables Results Conclusion Acknowledgements References Appendix 1 Footnotes About the Author(s) Talita Greyling School of Economics, University of Johannesburg, South Africa Citation Greyling, T., 2018, ‘Internet access and its relationship to subjective well-being in a developing region’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 21(1), a1841. keywords: access; age; groups; internet; internet access; life; life satisfaction; people; race; results; satisfaction; south; variable cache: sajems-1841.htm plain text: sajems-1841.txt item: #156 of 660 id: sajems-1848 author: None title: sajems-1848 date: None words: 8245 flesch: 43 summary: Hattingh, T.S., Sheer, T.J. & Du Plessis, A.G., 2010, ‘Human factors in mine mechanisation’, in The 4th International Platinum Conference, Platinum in transition ‘Boom or Burst’, The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Johannesburg. Theoretical contributions This research has provided a base framework for classifying different levels of the understanding of mechanisation and automation in RSA mining. keywords: effects; industry; labour; level; mechanisation; mines; mining; modernisation; participants; research; rsa; socio; south; stakeholders cache: sajems-1848.htm plain text: sajems-1848.txt item: #157 of 660 id: sajems-1849 author: None title: sajems-1849 date: None words: 9371 flesch: 36 summary: Secondly, prior studies that tested the relationship between CSR performance and earnings management (Gargouri, Shabou & Francoeur 2010; Kim, Park & Wier 2012; Lassaad & Khamoussi 2012) did not control for the effect of CSR disclosure in their analyses. CSR disclosure has been shown to be significantly correlated with earnings management (Martínez-Ferrero, Garcia-Sachez & Cuadrado-Ballesteros 2013; Suteja, Gunardi & Mirawati 2016; Yip, van Staden & Cahan 2011). keywords: accruals; companies; company; csr; csr disclosure; csr performance; earnings; earnings management; managers; rem; research; responsibility; study cache: sajems-1849.htm plain text: sajems-1849.txt item: #158 of 660 id: sajems-185 author: Mkhize, Mkhethwa; Bekwa, Vuyani title: An investigation into the role of listed property shares in a retirement fund portfolio in South Africa date: 2011-04-21 words: 4114 flesch: 58 summary: As a result, it would be more profitable to combine listed property assets with debt owing to low correlation than it would be to combine listed property assets with equity. It could therefore be inferred that portfolio/investment managers must invest either directly in real estate (property) or indirectly in real estate shares (listed property) in order to maximise benefits (in the form of diversification and inflation-hedging) of their investment portfolios. keywords: asset; cent; investment; market; portfolio; property; returns; risk cache: sajems-185.pdf plain text: sajems-185.txt item: #159 of 660 id: sajems-1852 author: None title: sajems-1852 date: None words: 8277 flesch: 38 summary: Hoerl, R.W. & Gardner, M.M., 2010, ‘Lean Six Sigma, creativity, and innovation’, International Journal of Lean Six Sigma 1(1), 30–38. Snee, R.D., 2010, ‘Lean Six Sigma – Getting better all the time’, International Journal of Lean Six Sigma 1(1), 9–29. keywords: improvement; journal; lean; management; organisations; process; quality; question; results; sigma; standalone; study; table; technique cache: sajems-1852.htm plain text: sajems-1852.txt item: #160 of 660 id: sajems-1854 author: None title: sajems-1854 date: None words: 6269 flesch: 54 summary: We evaluate the relationship between the implied measures (asset value and asset volatility) and the value and volatility derived from the proxy indices. The value of the debt is arrived at by way of put call parity, rearranging terms and recognising that the debt value is equal to the asset value reduced by the equity value: where P is the value of a put option on the assets A struck at the face value of the debt K. This approach provides a mechanism for relating asset value and asset volatility to values for equity and debt. keywords: agl; asset; bhp; debt; equity; proxy; series; strategy; trading; value; volatility cache: sajems-1854.htm plain text: sajems-1854.txt item: #161 of 660 id: sajems-1868 author: Swanepoel, D. S.; Ortmann, G. F.; Darroch, M. A.G. title: Causes of bankruptcy amongst maize and extensive beef farmers in South Africa: 1970-1994 date: 1998-03-31 words: 7520 flesch: 64 summary: Therefore, maize and extensive beef farm bankruptcies impose major adjustment costs on the agricultural economy and give rise to demands for government assistance to alleviate financial stress for farmers. Therefore, the rise in maize and extensive beef farm bankruptcies in South Africa during 1970 to 1994 could have been a necessary fmancial adjuStment. keywords: bankruptcy; beef; cent; farm; farmers; interest; maize; rates; south cache: sajems-1868.pdf plain text: sajems-1868.txt item: #162 of 660 id: sajems-1869 author: Boshoff, A. B.; Hoole, C. title: Portability of the job involvement and job satisfaction constructs between the United States of America and South Africa date: 1998-03-31 words: 3571 flesch: 71 summary: Factor analysis now produced eigenvalues between 3.97 and .40, with one eigenvalue (3.97) > 1be factor pattern obtained from a Principal Components Analysis with one factor specified indicated factor loadings for the different aggregates of .84, .84, .83 •. 80 and .79. keywords: factor; items; job cache: sajems-1869.pdf plain text: sajems-1869.txt item: #163 of 660 id: sajems-1870 author: Kamfer, L.; Venter, D.; Boshoff, A. B. title: The portability of American job involvement and job satisfaction scales to non-English speaking South Africans date: 1998-03-31 words: 5930 flesch: 78 summary: Where more than one possible structure was obtained, they were compared by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis, using the EQS computer package (Bentler, 1996) was performed for one-, two- and three-factor solutions for both scales. keywords: factor; fit; items; solution cache: sajems-1870.pdf plain text: sajems-1870.txt item: #164 of 660 id: sajems-1871 author: Viviers, W.; Steyn, T F.J. title: Economic and political initiatives of European integration for the period 1945-1992 date: 1998-03-31 words: 5213 flesch: 60 summary: No I Economic and Political Initiatives of European Integration for the Period 1945-1992 W Vivien Department of Economics, Potchefstroom University for CHE TF J Steyn Departme1l1 of Business Manageme1l1, Potchefstroom University for CHE ABSTRACT The integration of the European Communities (EC, today EU) has been described as one of the most successful examples of economic integration worldwide. However, to put the analysis into context, the concept of economic integration and the EC as an example thereof, will firstly be defined. keywords: economic; ecsc; eec; european; integration; market; political; treaty; union cache: sajems-1871.pdf plain text: sajems-1871.txt item: #165 of 660 id: sajems-1872 author: Stockil, R. C.; Ortmann, G. F. title: Free trade and deregulated domestic markets: Attitudes of commercial farmers in KwaZulu-Natal date: 1998-03-31 words: 8527 flesch: 59 summary: The perceived knowledge of tariff levels (TLEVEL) negatively affects attitudes towards free trade because more farmers knew about the negative effect of reduced import tariffs on their product prices than about the cost-saving effect (positive) of lower tariffs on imported inputs. No I Free Trade and Deregulated Domestic Markets: Attitudes of Commercial Farmers in K waZulu- Natal R C Stockil and G F Ortmann Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Natal, Pietennaritzburg ABSTRACT This study analyses farmers' attitudes towards free trade and deregulated domestic product and input markets using a survey conducted in 1996 among 112 commercial farmer~ in KwaZulu-Natal. keywords: attitudes; farmers; percent; prices; respondents; risk; trade cache: sajems-1872.pdf plain text: sajems-1872.txt item: #166 of 660 id: sajems-1873 author: de Villiers, C. title: The willingness of South Africans to support more green reporting date: 1998-03-31 words: 6806 flesch: 65 summary: These information rights should be entrenched by making environmental corporate disclosure compulsory. peer pressure and pressure from the capital markets as further reasons for making environmental disclosures. keywords: disclosure; responses cache: sajems-1873.pdf plain text: sajems-1873.txt item: #167 of 660 id: sajems-1874 author: Cilliers, G. le R.; de Jager, H. title: A framework for improving the quality of management information date: 1998-03-31 words: 7714 flesch: 53 summary: This study submitted that it is feasible to identify the attributes of quality information and clarified the main and supponive attributes of such information. 'This study considered these tools and the role they play to suppon the production of quality information. keywords: attributes; computer; e gr; e p; information; li ce; nc e; quality; study; tools cache: sajems-1874.pdf plain text: sajems-1874.txt item: #168 of 660 id: sajems-1875 author: George, E A.J. title: Maintaining financial stability date: 1998-06-30 words: 5123 flesch: 49 summary: But there is little doubt, it seems to me, that rising public expectations, in the context of the rapid evolution of financial markets, are causing the tide to run in favour of greater protection. Financial markets were not well developed, leaving the system heavily dependent upon the banks. keywords: bank; market; stability; system cache: sajems-1875.pdf plain text: sajems-1875.txt item: #169 of 660 id: sajems-1876 author: Townsend, R. F.; van Zyl, J. title: Stages of growth in the South African economy: The role of agriculture date: 1998-06-30 words: 6171 flesch: 61 summary: Agriculture dominated the economy until 1868 prior to the discovery of diamonds with economic growth remaining minimal (van der Berg, 1993). This suggests that agriculture is currently at the initial stages of phase three of Timmer's (1990) evolution of agriculture model discussed above, while it also shows some characteristics of stage four. keywords: african; agriculture; causality; economic; economy; growth; manufacturing; sector; south; stages cache: sajems-1876.pdf plain text: sajems-1876.txt item: #170 of 660 id: sajems-1877 author: Horner, Jim; Taylor, Wagiha title: The 1994 ICPD in Cairo: Draconian measures vs. the empowerment of women date: 1998-06-30 words: 6254 flesch: 64 summary: It is true that world population now stands at 5.7 billion with some 100 million being added each year. The United Nations Population Fund predicts world population to be 8.5 billion by the year 2025. keywords: control; countries; development; new; population; resources; technology; women; world cache: sajems-1877.pdf plain text: sajems-1877.txt item: #171 of 660 id: sajems-1878 author: Boshoff, A. B.; Hoole, C. title: Measuring entrepreneurial attitudes inter-culturally: Is it possible? date: 1998-06-30 words: 6432 flesch: 69 summary: RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis was firstly carried out using the factor analysis subroutine in the EQS. Of the 52 items included in this analysis three did not meet the requirements (as stated before) for inclusion in further analyses and were therefore eliminated from the nest round of exploratory factor analysis. keywords: analysis; factor; fit; index; items cache: sajems-1878.pdf plain text: sajems-1878.txt item: #172 of 660 id: sajems-1879 author: Wessels, G. M. title: On the meaning of central bank independence date: 1998-06-30 words: 5961 flesch: 53 summary: The field of central bank independence has received much attention during the past two decades and attracted a considerable amount of research. In line with recent tendencies and discussions of central bank independence, independence, though not absolute, is to be understood as strong independence. keywords: bank; bank independence; central; economic; government; independence; monetary; policy; public cache: sajems-1879.pdf plain text: sajems-1879.txt item: #173 of 660 id: sajems-1880 author: Fourie, D. title: Assessment of the financial resources of municipalities date: 1998-06-30 words: 6133 flesch: 52 summary: No 2 Assessment of the Municipalities D Fourie Financial Resources School for Public Management and Administration, University of Pretoria ABSTRACT 268 of The challenges with which municipalities are currently faced, include the fulfilment of the expectations of many new communities to whom they must render services, while they must simultaneously improve the quality of existing services and eliminate backlogs. This paper provides an overview of the issues that have led to the current state of municipal finances and the factors that influence the revenue and expenditure of municipalities. keywords: government; municipalities; revenue; services cache: sajems-1880.pdf plain text: sajems-1880.txt item: #174 of 660 id: sajems-1881 author: Truu, M. L. title: South Africa: Political economy or virtual economics date: 1998-06-30 words: 9283 flesch: 59 summary: 289 SATEBNR Vol I (J998)Nr2 LONG-TERM ECONOMIC GROWTH The classic method how productive capacity expands over time, is by means of economic growth. Samuelson and Nordhaus boldly state in their best-selling textbook : Economic growth is the single most important factor in the economic success of nations in the long run. keywords: africa; economy; growth; labour; market; policy; south; unemployment; vol cache: sajems-1881.pdf plain text: sajems-1881.txt item: #175 of 660 id: sajems-1894 author: None title: sajems-1894 date: None words: 9104 flesch: 29 summary: https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670503005004005 Garbarino, E. & Johnson, M.S., 1999, ‘The different roles of satisfaction, trust, and commitment in customer relationships’, Journal of Marketing 63(2), 70–87. https://doi.org/10.2307/1251946 Gilde, C., Pace, S., Pervan, S. & Strong, C., 2011, ‘Examining the boundary conditions of customer citizenship behaviour: A focus on consumption ritual’, Journal of Strategic Marketing 19(7), 619–631. Jones, T., Fox, G.L., Taylor, S.F. & Fabrigar, L.R., 2010, ‘Service customer commitment and response’, Journal of Services Marketing 24(1), 16–28. keywords: advocacy; banking; behaviour; citizenship behaviour; customer; customer citizenship; customer commitment; customer satisfaction; effect; helping; internet; journal; marketing; model; quality; relationship; research; service; study cache: sajems-1894.htm plain text: sajems-1894.txt item: #176 of 660 id: sajems-1914 author: Jordaan, Yolanda title: Potential influence of social and technological developments on direct marketing in South Africa date: 1998-06-30 words: 6826 flesch: 57 summary: Beyond Direct marketing Marketing Mix, Direct Marketing Supplement. Although this paper mainly concentrates on direct marketing, it also tries to explain the potential role of direct marketing in an economic system approach, as a driving force of economic progress in developing countries. keywords: direct; information; mail; marketing; media; new; order; technology cache: sajems-1914.pdf plain text: sajems-1914.txt item: #177 of 660 id: sajems-1915 author: Beaumont Smith, Marolee title: Sector effect on working capital measures in South African industrial firms date: 1998-06-30 words: 3076 flesch: 55 summary: These findings suggest that inter-industry differences in working capital measures in South Africa might not be as significant as claimed in previous local and international research findings. The significance of these findings is that the sector effect in working capital measures in the participating South African industrial firms appears less significant than claimed by the literature and other research findings. keywords: accounts; capital; firms; measures; sector; working cache: sajems-1915.pdf plain text: sajems-1915.txt item: #178 of 660 id: sajems-1916 author: Hoole, C.; Boshoff, A. B. title: The job involvement construct and its measurement date: 1998-06-30 words: 7051 flesch: 62 summary: Although other job involvement instruments were developed and several other definitions of job involvement have been offered, the Lodahl and Kejner (1965) and Kanungo (1982) instruments have been the most widely used (and also criticised). Numerous definitions of job involvement exist and it is still not clear of what job involvement is and how it should be viewed, despite the multitute of studies investigating job involvement. keywords: involvement; items; job; job involvement; kanungo; kejner; lodahl; scale; work cache: sajems-1916.pdf plain text: sajems-1916.txt item: #179 of 660 id: sajems-1920 author: None title: sajems-1920 date: None words: 8619 flesch: 30 summary: Ethical leadership encourages OCB on both individual and group levels (Brown et al. 2005:130; Kalshoven et al. 2011:65; Mayer et al. 2009:8–11), with trustworthiness in supervisory ethical leadership being especially important in relation to OCB (Brown & Treviño 2006:612; Ruiz-Palomino, Ruiz-Amaya & Knörr 2011:252–253). Abstract Introduction Purpose and research objectives of the study First research objective: Defining the constructs Second research objective: Reporting and explaining the relationship between the three variables Method Findings Conclusion Acknowledgement References About the Author(s) Anton Grobler Graduate School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa, South Africa Maggie M.E. Holtzhausen Department of Human Resource Management, College of Economic and Management Sciences, University of South Africa, South Africa Citation Grobler, A. & Holtzhausen, M.M.E., 2018, ‘Supervisory trust to be earned: The role of ethical leadership mediated by person-organisational fit’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 21(1), a1920. keywords: behaviour; brown; employees; fit; journal; leadership; o fit; organisation; person; relationship; research; trust; values cache: sajems-1920.htm plain text: sajems-1920.txt item: #180 of 660 id: sajems-1927 author: None title: sajems-1927 date: None words: 9707 flesch: 44 summary: It is argued that if the exporting country is already specialised in export product j as measured by the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index, the cut-off values for the demand in the importing country can be less stringent (Cuyvers et al. 1995:179). Literature review A brief review of international trade literature establishes the theoretical basis of this article and consists of three parts: the first part focuses on export growth, the second on export sustainability and the third on export structure and factor endowments. keywords: combinations; countries; country; country combinations; export; export potential; growth; import; potential; product; south africa; ssa; step; trade cache: sajems-1927.htm plain text: sajems-1927.txt item: #181 of 660 id: sajems-195 author: Tarawalie, Abu title: Real exchange rate behaviour and economic growth: evidence from Sierra Leone date: 2011-05-04 words: 8790 flesch: 52 summary: The literature identifies two channels by means of which real exchange rate affects GDP; these are the aggregate demand and aggregate supply channels. In addition, the study employed a bivariate Granger Causality test to determine the direction of causality between real exchange rate and real GDP. keywords: cent; depreciation; economic; exchange rate; gdp; growth; leone; model; output; output growth; policy; reer; run; sierra cache: sajems-195.pdf plain text: sajems-195.txt item: #182 of 660 id: sajems-1951 author: None title: sajems-1951 date: None words: 10007 flesch: 47 summary: Even though such property lottery transactions might not take place regularly, it is important to consider the tax consequences thereof as the benefits seem to be attractive upfront, although it might not necessarily be the case once the tax consequences are taken into account. As such residential property lottery transactions are unconventional, especially in South Africa, no academic literature currently exists on the topic in South Africa. keywords: capital; lottery; owner; property; property lottery; tax; tax consequences; value; winner cache: sajems-1951.htm plain text: sajems-1951.txt item: #183 of 660 id: sajems-1959 author: None title: sajems-1959 date: None words: 9562 flesch: 33 summary: Assessing the quality of biodiversity disclosures Assessing the quality of biodiversity reporting based on the themes provided in Table 2 is both complex and subjective. To provide an easy-to-use disclosure framework or scorecard to assess the quality of biodiversity reporting, this research draws on the prior CSR literature that points to the following quality dimensions, each of which is adapted for assessing biodiversity disclosures: a quantity indicator (QI) – a measure of the total amount of information provided on biodiversity according to a defined reporting framework (see Beretta & Bozzolan 2004; Wolniak & Hąbek 2016) a density indictor – the total biodiversity reporting relative to the length of the integrated or sustainability report (see Dagiliene, Leitoniene & Grencikova 2014; Michelon et al. 2015). keywords: 2013; accounting; african; atkins; biodiversity; biodiversity reporting; companies; company; disclosures; maroun; quality; reporting; reports; research; south; sustainability cache: sajems-1959.htm plain text: sajems-1959.txt item: #184 of 660 id: sajems-196 author: Akanbi, Ayo; Schoeman, Niek title: The determinants of public expenditure and expenditure on education in particular in a selection of African countries date: 2011-05-04 words: 5217 flesch: 52 summary: No 1 51 2 Trends in education spending In most African countries a few basic trends have emerged over the past few years with regard to the patterns of education expenditure and total government expenditure as a share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The statistical significance of this coefficient shows that education expenditure still comprises a small share of total government expenditure in these countries. keywords: countries; education; expenditure; gdp; government; imf; share; spending cache: sajems-196.pdf plain text: sajems-196.txt item: #185 of 660 id: sajems-1962 author: None title: sajems-1962 date: None words: 11076 flesch: 42 summary: It is recommended that small business retailers set par levels for stock items (i.e. the minimum number of items that should be on hand at all times) and closely monitor items with expiry dates to avoid unnecessary wastage. With the entrance of bigger retail stores, many owners of small retail businesses lost market share, struggling to adapt, compete and survive due to lack of business skills (Lebusa 2013:76; Ligthelm 2008:52). keywords: business; cluster; customers; group; growth; inventory; items; level; management; research; retailers; shopping; small; soweto; stock; township; years cache: sajems-1962.htm plain text: sajems-1962.txt item: #186 of 660 id: sajems-1964 author: None title: sajems-1964 date: None words: 10297 flesch: 40 summary: https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0704_3 Orazalin, N., Mahmood, M. & Lee, K.J., 2016, ‘Corporate governance, financial crises and bank performance: Lessons from top Russian banks’, Corporate Governance 16(5), 798–814. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-10-2015-0145 Pamburai, H.H., Chamisa, E., Abdulla, C. & Smith, C., 2015, ‘An analysis of corporate governance and company performance: A South African perspective’, South African Journal of Accounting Research 29(2), 115–131. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-05-2017-0106 Tshipa, J., Brummer, L.M., Wolmarans, H. & Du Toit, E., 2018b, ‘Corporate governance and financial performance in the midst of exogenous shocks: A study of companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange’, Management Dynamics 27(1), 20–38. Tshipa, J. & Mokoaleli-Mokoteli, T., 2015, ‘The South African code of corporate governance: The relationship between compliance and financial performance: Evidence from South African publicly listed companies’, Corporate Ownership and Control 12(2), 149–169. keywords: africa; board; companies; company; crisis; directors; governance; industry; performance; period; relationship; roa; south; study; theory; tobin cache: sajems-1964.htm plain text: sajems-1964.txt item: #187 of 660 id: sajems-1965 author: None title: sajems-1965 date: None words: 6261 flesch: 35 summary: This study contributes towards addressing limitations in the existing literature of innovation climate measurement as the results support the construct validity of the BCEAI elements among South African men and women. Abstract Introduction Literature review Method Ethical consideration Results Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Renier Steyn Graduate School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa, South Africa G.P. (Deon) de Bruin Centre for Work Performance, University of Johannesburg, South Africa Citation Steyn, R. & De Bruin, G.P., 2018, ‘The structural validity and measurement invariance across gender of the Brief Corporate Entrepreneurship Assessment Instrument’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 21(1), a1965. keywords: bceai; entrepreneurship; factor; gender; innovation; invariance; journal; management; measurement; research; south; study; women cache: sajems-1965.htm plain text: sajems-1965.txt item: #188 of 660 id: sajems-1966 author: None title: sajems-1966 date: None words: 7098 flesch: 34 summary: Compared to the bid-ask spread as information asymmetry proxy, few studies have used the price impact ratio as measure of information asymmetry giving rise to mixed empirical results. Abstract Introduction Literature review Methodology Results Conclusion Acknowledgements References Footnotes About the Author(s) George F. Nel School of Accountancy, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa Eon Smit University of Stellenbosch Business School, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa Leon M. Brummer Department of Financial Management, University of Pretoria South Africa Citation Nel, G.F., Smit, E. & Brummer, L.M., 2018, ‘The link between Internet investor relations and information asymmetry’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 21(1), a1966. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v21i1.1966 keywords: analyst; association; asymmetry; disclosure; following; iir; information; information asymmetry; price; share; spread cache: sajems-1966.htm plain text: sajems-1966.txt item: #189 of 660 id: sajems-1968 author: None title: sajems-1968 date: None words: 8429 flesch: 50 summary: References Anagnostidis, P., Varsakelis, C. & Emmanouilides, C.J., 2016, ‘Has the 2008 financial crisis affected stock market efficiency? A country-level analysis’, Macroeconomic Dynamics 14(S1), 3–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1365100509090397 Lim, K.P., Brooks, R.D. & Kim, J.H., 2008, ‘Financial crisis and stock market efficiency: Empirical evidence from Asian countries’, International Review of Financial Analysis 17(3), 571–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2007.03.001 Lim, K.P., Luo, W. & Kim, J.H., 2013, ‘Are US stock index returns predictable? keywords: data; efficiency; hypothesis; index; indices; journal; kim; market; market efficiency; returns; stock; test; time cache: sajems-1968.htm plain text: sajems-1968.txt item: #190 of 660 id: sajems-197 author: Burger, Philippe title: The South African business cycle: what has changed? date: 2011-05-04 words: 10927 flesch: 58 summary: When comparing the second and third periods, the government consumption and export gaps, which are also the variables that displayed the lowest correlations with the real GDP gap, do not display the same large decrease in their standard deviations. As such, the paper examines changes in volatility as well as the co-movement between several national account variables and real GDP. keywords: cent; consumption gap; gdp gap; granger; investment; investment gap; period; variables; variance cache: sajems-197.pdf plain text: sajems-197.txt item: #191 of 660 id: sajems-1970 author: None title: sajems-1970 date: None words: 6281 flesch: 42 summary: Fjeldstad, O.H., 2003, ‘Fighting fiscal corruption: Lessons from the Tanzania revenue authority’, Public Administration and Development 23, 165–175. They found that heavy capital account restrictions involved higher corruption in the earlier years up to 1993, but reduced corruption in later years. keywords: corruption; countries; freedom; hypothesis; income; level; pressure; quality; results cache: sajems-1970.htm plain text: sajems-1970.txt item: #192 of 660 id: sajems-1978 author: None title: sajems-1978 date: None words: 7018 flesch: 29 summary: The original contribution to knowledge of this study is the identification of a set of competencies that can be utilised to accredit business rescue practitioners and the emphasis on an accounting qualification and effective cash management skills that a successful practitioner must possess. Conclusion: The knowledge generated from this research will benefit business rescue practitioners, the financial sector and stakeholders of companies intending to go into a legislated business rehabilitation. keywords: accounting; accreditation; business; business rescue; competencies; management; practitioner; qualification; rescue practitioner; research; skills; turnaround cache: sajems-1978.htm plain text: sajems-1978.txt item: #193 of 660 id: sajems-1979 author: None title: sajems-1979 date: None words: 6493 flesch: 46 summary: The results of this article reveal that rising food prices negatively affect the welfare of households in South Africa and, similarly, a study completed by Mackinnon (1998) acknowledges the decline in household welfare that occurred in Ethiopia during 1984 and 1985 due to excessive increases in food prices. Abstract Introduction Literature review Methods Model specification Key findings Conclusion Acknowledgements References Appendix 1 About the Author(s) Roscoe B. van Wyk University of Stellenbosch Business School, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa Cliff S. Dlamini University of Stellenbosch Business School, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa Citation Van Wyk, R.B. & Dlamini, C.S., 2018, ‘The impact of food prices on the welfare of households in South Africa’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 21(1), a1979. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v21i1.1979 Original Research keywords: africa; food; food prices; household; household welfare; policy; prices; run; south; south africa; study; test; variables; welfare cache: sajems-1979.htm plain text: sajems-1979.txt item: #194 of 660 id: sajems-1985 author: None title: sajems-1985 date: None words: 6048 flesch: 47 summary: It is, therefore, submitted that ‘value’ in Section 30(6)(e) should be interpreted as grant date fair value and, possibly, also reporting date fair value and gain on exercise. Scrutiny of some listed companies’ annual financial statements confirmed that companies interpret this disclosure requirement differently, with values varying between ‘gross’ values, such as fair value on grant date or annualised grant date fair values, to ‘net’ values, such as gains on exercise of share options only or of all share incentives exercised (or combinations thereof) (Dippenaar & Steenkamp 2017). keywords: act; companies; date; meaning; section; share; term; value cache: sajems-1985.htm plain text: sajems-1985.txt item: #195 of 660 id: sajems-199 author: Killian, Cornelius title: Making sense of the disclosure of latent defects in financial statements and company acquisition contracts date: 2011-05-04 words: 5344 flesch: 55 summary: The economic viewpoint is that company value is determined by future uncertainties rather than historic profit or earnings per share calculations. In view of the uncertainty attached to company value and to avoid confusion over terminology, a forward contract should be used to describe company acquisition contracts (Kilian, 2005; Hurter, 1988). keywords: actions; asset; company; enterprise; future; law; legal; price; share; south; value cache: sajems-199.pdf plain text: sajems-199.txt item: #196 of 660 id: sajems-1990 author: None title: sajems-1990 date: None words: 10462 flesch: 47 summary: Kanyinga, K., 2016, Kenya experience in land reform: The million-acre settlement scheme, Workshop discussion paper, viewed 22 May 2017, from http://siteresources.worldbank.org/RPDLPROGRAM/Resources/459596-1168010635604/WBI-KenyaLandReform-WorkshopVersion.pdf Kinsey, B.H., 1999, ‘Land reform, growth and equity: Abstract Background: With reports of widespread failures in South Africa’s land reform programmes, the levels of policy uncertainty in the political rhetoric that influences land reform have been increasing. keywords: africa; cases; farmers; farms; government; kenya; land; land reform; ownership; process; redistribution; reform; restitution; rights; south; south africa; zimbabwe cache: sajems-1990.htm plain text: sajems-1990.txt item: #197 of 660 id: sajems-1994 author: None title: sajems-1994 date: None words: 5390 flesch: 42 summary: The relationship in Table 7 for determining the variables of self-motivated business owners who exert an effort based on business growth interest was analysed: The self-motivation of business owners has a directly proportional correlation with the four variables relating to them exerting effort based on their interest for business growth. They include the SME owners who find solutions to business problems because they want to achieve business growth, the SME owners who are driven by a belief to produce the desired outcomes of their businesses, the need for advancement that has great impact on business growth and the SME growth aspirations that enable business owners to take risk in order to grow their businesses. keywords: business; business growth; business owners; factors; growth; motivation; owners; self; sme; sme growth cache: sajems-1994.htm plain text: sajems-1994.txt item: #198 of 660 id: sajems-1995 author: None title: sajems-1995 date: None words: 8404 flesch: 41 summary: For the purposes of this article, it is accepted that the method individuals use to accumulate capital is in line with the life-cycle hypothesis on the basis that recent empirical evidence has shown retirement fund asset allocation to be consistent with this hypothesis (Bikker et al. 2012) although there are inherent limitations, which are discussed in the next section. Regulation 28 imposes limits on the investments of retirement funds; the purpose of these limits is to protect the funds from making imprudent investments (National Treasury 2011). keywords: asset; compliant; funds; income; individuals; investment; investor; regulation; retirement; return; risk; savings; south; tax cache: sajems-1995.htm plain text: sajems-1995.txt item: #199 of 660 id: sajems-1996 author: None title: sajems-1996 date: None words: 10106 flesch: 29 summary: Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between green supply chain management activities, operational performance and supply chain performance in manufacturing SMEs in South Africa. Extending green supply chain management activities to manufacturing small and medium enterprises in a developing economy’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 21(1), a1996. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v21i1.1996 Original Research Extending green supply chain management activities to manufacturing small and medium enterprises in a developing economy Chengedzai Mafini, Welby V. Loury-Okoumba Received: 24 June 2017; Accepted: 20 Feb. 2018; Published: 22 May 2018 Copyright: © 2018. keywords: activities; business; chain; chain management; chain performance; environmental; green; implementation; journal; logistics; management; manufacturing; performance; production; purchasing; reverse; smes; study; supply; supply chain cache: sajems-1996.htm plain text: sajems-1996.txt item: #200 of 660 id: sajems-20 author: Boshoff, Douw; Cloete, Chris E title: Can listed property shares be a surrogate for direct property investment behaviour? date: 2012-03-16 words: 12235 flesch: 61 summary: No 1 6 Correlation of share price with economy In the previous section it was shown that the fluctuations in the share prices of PLS companies are caused largely due to the JSE sentiment, in other words, factors affecting the JSE as a whole rather than the operations of the companies itself, although the long-term growth in share prices could be determined by the growth in assets, divided by the number of shares issued. This study investigates the relationship between listed property share prices and the property values in listed property funds. keywords: assets; capitalisation; companies; company; correlation; estate; gdp; investment; level; market; prices; property; share; share prices; total; value cache: sajems-20.pdf plain text: sajems-20.txt item: #201 of 660 id: sajems-200 author: Hall, John; Millard, Solly title: Capital budgeting practices used by selected listed South African firms date: 2011-05-04 words: 6439 flesch: 52 summary: Furthermore, compared to previous studies, risk is incorporated into evaluating capital budgeting projects more often. As one can see from the above table, legal requirements were the biggest non-financial factor when respondents evaluate capital budgeting projects. keywords: analysis; capital budgeting; cent; process; projects; respondents; risk; study cache: sajems-200.pdf plain text: sajems-200.txt item: #202 of 660 id: sajems-2001 author: None title: sajems-2001 date: None words: 4537 flesch: 50 summary: Understanding the inherent risks of this sector is vital from a portfolio risk management perspective, as such insights can aid in protecting against capital loss in the event of exposure to risk factors in this sector. The findings suggest that the heterogeneity of risk factors within the financial sector has burgeoned in the past five years, explaining a large proportion of risk during this period. keywords: analysis; factor; financial; risk; sector; stocks; term; time; variables; volatility cache: sajems-2001.htm plain text: sajems-2001.txt item: #203 of 660 id: sajems-2004 author: None title: sajems-2004 date: None words: 7394 flesch: 37 summary: However, it is widely acknowledged that the relationship between company performance and executive remuneration is weak. Even though the economic theories of efficient compensation forecast a positive relationship between company performance and executive remuneration, the efforts of researchers to document this relationship have been mostly unsuccessful. keywords: companies; company; compensation; data; director; director remuneration; executive; journal; management; performance; relationship; remuneration; results; share; south; study cache: sajems-2004.htm plain text: sajems-2004.txt item: #204 of 660 id: sajems-201 author: Jooste, Leonie title: Accounting ethics – an empirical investigation of managing short-term earnings date: 2011-05-04 words: 6453 flesch: 57 summary: The ethics of managing short-term earnings: Business managers and business students have few problems with earnings management practices. Therefore, the accounting profession has emphasised the importance of the concepts of earnings-management and, as a result, many accounting journals have invited and published research articles that deal with earnings management (Elias, 2002). keywords: accounting; business; earnings; ethics; management; managers; practices; students; values cache: sajems-201.pdf plain text: sajems-201.txt item: #205 of 660 id: sajems-2011 author: None title: sajems-2011 date: None words: 10197 flesch: 23 summary: Section B established the extent of SSABs’ engagement in foreign business, type of foreign business activities, and the number of foreign alliances or partnerships or collaborations the business engaged in. Foreign alliances The study also examined SSABs’ extent of establishment of foreign alliances. keywords: africa; agro; alliances; business; development; figure; firms; international; internationalisation; management; markets; performance; products; research; results; scale; skills; south; ssabs; study cache: sajems-2011.htm plain text: sajems-2011.txt item: #206 of 660 id: sajems-203 author: Khodeir, Aliaa title: Towards inflation targeting in Egypt: the relationship between exchange rate and inflation date: 2012-08-22 words: 4555 flesch: 60 summary: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXCHANGE RATE AND INFLATION Key words: inflation, inflation targeting, exchange rate, pass-through effect JEL: E31 1 Introduction Egypt has recently decided to adopt price stability as an explicit monetary policy objective. keywords: egypt; egyptian; exchange; exchange rate; inflation; rate; targeting cache: sajems-203.pdf plain text: sajems-203.txt item: #207 of 660 id: sajems-2030 author: None title: sajems-2030 date: None words: 9088 flesch: 33 summary: Furthermore, we have predicted that knowledge transfer, work engagement, dynamic capability and decision making may become future research focuses for organisational culture research. Abstract Introduction Theory and literature Methodology and data Results and discussion of citing papers analysis Results and discussion of cited papers analysis Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Yi Cui School of Economics and Management, Xidian University, China Yanping Liu School of Economics and Management, Xidian University, China Jian Mou School of Economics and Management, Xidian University, China Citation Cui, Y., Liu, Y. & Mou, J., 2018, ‘Bibliometric analysis of organisational culture using CiteSpace’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 21(1), a2030. keywords: analysis; articles; business; culture; field; figure; innovation; journal; management; performance; research; schein; science; studies; study; table cache: sajems-2030.htm plain text: sajems-2030.txt item: #208 of 660 id: sajems-2044 author: None title: sajems-2044 date: None words: 5915 flesch: 44 summary: Aim: The levels of knowledge management maturity in the Tax Audit Business Unit of a revenue services institution had to be identified in order to provide guidance on how to improve and contribute to future information and communication technology (ICT) strategy planning. Suggestions for future studies require cognisance that validating or disproving assumptions of a benefit such as cost saving may help in gaining KM maturity levels at a specific point in time but it is not necessarily a true representation of facts representing behaviour of the institution over a long period of time. keywords: business; improvement; knowledge; level; management; maturity; research; sharing; study; trust; value cache: sajems-2044.htm plain text: sajems-2044.txt item: #209 of 660 id: sajems-2046 author: None title: sajems-2046 date: None words: 5507 flesch: 40 summary: The 360-degree appraisal for superior performance Typically, performance appraisal has been limited to a feedback process between employees and supervisors (Mukhopadhyay 2016). Labour productivity results with past capital investment data lagged by one quarter Table 3 illustrates labour productivity data as a dependent variable to past capital investment (lagged by one quarter), spoilage rate, absenteeism rate, number of workers involved in production and dummy variables. TABLE 3: Labour productivity results with past capital investment (lagged by one quarter) for spoilage and absenteeism rates, number of workers involved in production, and post 360-degree dummy. keywords: appraisal; degree; degree performance; feedback; labour; labour productivity; performance; performance appraisal; productivity; results cache: sajems-2046.htm plain text: sajems-2046.txt item: #210 of 660 id: sajems-2059 author: None title: sajems-2059 date: None words: 10954 flesch: 31 summary: In applying content analysis to these strategic management and competitive intelligence publications studied, certain themes relating to strategic management and competitive intelligence practices or praxis emerged. Further research could be conducted on the application of competitive intelligence practices in the organisation and their influence on the strategy of the organisation. keywords: activities; analysis; business; information; intelligence; journal; making; management; practice; praxis; process; research; strategising; strategy; strategy process; themes cache: sajems-2059.htm plain text: sajems-2059.txt item: #211 of 660 id: sajems-2083 author: None title: sajems-2083 date: None words: 9081 flesch: 43 summary: Abstract This study aimed to review qualitative studies on the contextual factors affecting the experience of unemployed individuals. It was recommended that unemployed individuals be organised into community subgroups, constructed to participate in projects aimed at empowering the community to improve cohesion, equality among members, and a collaborative attitude. keywords: 2012; community; experience; factors; individuals; people; research; social; society; south; studies; study; unemployed; unemployment; work cache: sajems-2083.htm plain text: sajems-2083.txt item: #212 of 660 id: sajems-2087 author: None title: sajems-2087 date: None words: 7520 flesch: 47 summary: The results from the first (and up until now only) countrywide survey of day labourers in South Africa were used as the basis for the study. While making an important and more nuanced contribution to the literature on subjective well-being among marginalised groups of people, the findings from this study also offer a number of practical insights into the factors that influence the ability of marginalised groups in the labour force, such as day labourers, to take control of their lives. keywords: africa; day; day labourers; economic; function; income; labourers; provinces; south; south africa; variables cache: sajems-2087.htm plain text: sajems-2087.txt item: #213 of 660 id: sajems-209 author: Jacobs, Johann title: The regulatory treatment of liquidity risk in South Africa date: 2012-08-22 words: 9210 flesch: 52 summary: Liquidity risk in South Africa seems to be well mitigated by banks as they make use of a wide variety of instruments and strategies to mitigate liquidity risk. Liquidity risk differs from bank to bank and a general capital charge for all banks may not be sensible, therefore liquidity risk should be analysed on a bank-by-bank basis. keywords: assets; banking; banks; basel; capital; column; liabilities; line; liquidity; liquidity risk; management; risk; south; total cache: sajems-209.pdf plain text: sajems-209.txt item: #214 of 660 id: sajems-2091 author: None title: sajems-2091 date: None words: 8886 flesch: 33 summary: Leadership coaching has developed as a way of assisting leadership in coping with its complexity (Passmore, Peterson & Freire 2013). Leadership coaching is generally defined as a regular, short-term, highly focussed, contractual organisational learning opportunity. keywords: anxiety; coachees; coaching; leadership; leadership coaching; london; organisation; psychology; research; role; self; splc; systems; task; unconscious cache: sajems-2091.htm plain text: sajems-2091.txt item: #215 of 660 id: sajems-21 author: Serfontein, Kobus; Hough, Johan title: Nature of the relationship between strategic leadership, operational strategy and organisational performance date: 2011-12-06 words: 7005 flesch: 43 summary: No 4 393 NATURE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP, OPERATIONAL STRATEGY AND ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE Kobus Serfontein PSG Konsult, Cape Town Johan Hough Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch Accepted: September 2011 Since the mid-1980s a growing body of leadership research has focused on strategic leadership, in contrast to managerial and visionary leadership. This article identifies some of the direct and indirect pathways in which strategic leadership influences the operational strategy and performance of business organisations in South Africa. keywords: action; analysis; business; correlation; leadership; organisations; performance; relationship; south; strategy; study cache: sajems-21.pdf plain text: sajems-21.txt item: #216 of 660 id: sajems-210 author: Wei, Hao; Wang, Xi title: Trade structure, trade mode and the urban-rural income gap in China date: 2013-05-31 words: 10251 flesch: 59 summary: This paper analyses the effect of foreign trade in China on the urban-rural income gap from certain angles including trade scale, trade structure and trade mode at the national and provincial levels. Consequently, when the South African Government is working out trade multiplicative and corresponding policy, they should consider the development of foreign trade and should pay attention to the labour market structure. keywords: china; effect; export; income gap; labour; level; openness; processing trade; products; regions; regression; results; trade; urban cache: sajems-210.pdf plain text: sajems-210.txt item: #217 of 660 id: sajems-2103 author: None title: sajems-2103 date: None words: 8654 flesch: 50 summary: There-fore, (1 – qp – d1)wp represents the expected wage of those workers employed in the primary sector (i.e. who have not been laid off and have not quit the primary sector), while (qp + d1)ws represents the expected wage of primary sector workers who are laid off in or quit from the primary sector and move to the secondary sector. (It still is an effort supply function: the mark-up or premium is what needs to be paid to primary sector workers to ensure effort.) keywords: barriers; entry; labour; model; primary; sector; sector model; unemployment; wage; workers cache: sajems-2103.htm plain text: sajems-2103.txt item: #218 of 660 id: sajems-2104 author: None title: sajems-2104 date: None words: 7263 flesch: 47 summary: Thus, over the longer term a 1% increase in formal sector employment is associated with roughly a 1% increase in informal sector employment, meaning that formal and informal sector employment grow in tandem over the longer run. The value of -0.392 in the equation for the change in informal sector employment (first line of second panel) shows that 39.2% of a shock causing a deviation from the long-run component is corrected within one quarter, while the value of 0.162 for formal sector employment shows that 16.2% of a shock is corrected within one quarter. keywords: barriers; entry; labour; model; rate; run; sector; sector employment; unemployment; workers cache: sajems-2104.htm plain text: sajems-2104.txt item: #219 of 660 id: sajems-2106 author: None title: sajems-2106 date: None words: 12614 flesch: 49 summary: In examining the impact of market size, economy size and real exchange to SA–China trade flows the explanatory variables are the GDP (proxy for economy size), the population size (proxy for economic size) and real exchange. Kowalski, Lattimore and Bottini (2009:35) show that in order to assess SA trade performance in a comparative framework, an econometric model based on the gravity model of international trade was developed. keywords: africa; china; countries; country; economic; exchange; flows; model; population; rate; size; south; south africa; theory; trade; trade flows cache: sajems-2106.htm plain text: sajems-2106.txt item: #220 of 660 id: sajems-2109 author: None title: sajems-2109 date: None words: 6643 flesch: 35 summary: Lonell Coetzee Air Traffic and Navigational Services S.O.C. Ltd (ATNS), Johannesburg, South Africa Sanchen Henning Department of Leadership and Organisational Behaviour, School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa Citation Coetzee, L. & Henning, S., 2019, ‘A tale of two ships: Follower attributions of leadership with reference to team morale in an air traffic control centre’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 22(1), a2109. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v22i1.2109 Original Research A tale of two ships: Follower attributions of leadership with reference to team morale in an air traffic control centre Lonell Coetzee and Sanchen Henning Received: 20 Sept. 2017; Accepted: 25 June 2019; Published: 26 Aug. 2019 Copyright: © 2019. keywords: air; attributions; discrepancy; follower; follower attributions; followership; leadership; morale; perceptions; research; safety; study; team; theory; traffic cache: sajems-2109.htm plain text: sajems-2109.txt item: #221 of 660 id: sajems-2113 author: None title: sajems-2113 date: None words: 9170 flesch: 33 summary: Moreover, it is our conviction in this article that the relationships between organisation structure and operating environment could be explained using more variables other than market and technology. Abstract Introduction Location of Burns and Stalker’s ideas in management and organisational fields Burns and Stalker’s works: Theoretical foundations Conceptualisation of organisational structure and structural variables Theoretical framework Presenting Burns and Stalker’s propositions External (macro) environment as an independent variable Methods Results Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) keywords: article; burns; business; complexity; environment; formalisation; management; operating; organisations; research; stalker; structure; study; table; theory; variables; zimbabwe cache: sajems-2113.htm plain text: sajems-2113.txt item: #222 of 660 id: sajems-2120 author: None title: sajems-2120 date: None words: 6573 flesch: 36 summary: Complexities in work procedures create complications in the application of procedures for completing tasks. Aim: To ascertain whether the application of Taylorism in the workplace could improve performance and to access the utilisation of work procedure in municipalities in the Eastern Cape. keywords: communication; employees; figure; management; municipalities; performance; procedure; research; south; study; task; taylorism; time; work cache: sajems-2120.htm plain text: sajems-2120.txt item: #223 of 660 id: sajems-2129 author: None title: sajems-2129 date: None words: 5993 flesch: 35 summary: Finally, as CbC reporting is only applicable to companies with at least one foreign subsidiary (narrow MNE Group definition) or at least one foreign subsidiary or associate or joint venture (wider MNE Group definition), three companies were removed as these companies had neither a foreign subsidiary, associate nor joint venture and could therefore not be classified as an MNE Group. Methodology To ascertain whether the conflicting revenue and MNE Group definitions, as discussed, have a significant impact on business practice in South Africa, a two-stage methodology is followed. keywords: cbc; companies; definition; group; mne group; reporting; revenue; south; tax cache: sajems-2129.htm plain text: sajems-2129.txt item: #224 of 660 id: sajems-213 author: Farrington, Shelley; Venter, Danie; Schrage, Christine; van der Meer, Peter title: Entrepreneurial attributes of undergraduate business students: a three country comparison revisited date: 2012-11-08 words: 10553 flesch: 49 summary: T a b l e 1 Literature pertaining to entrepreneurial attributes Entrepreneurial attributes References Planning and perseverance Scarborough, 2011; Barringer & Ireland, 2010; Wilner, 2009; Timmons & Spinelli, 2009; Scarborough, Wilson & Zimmerer, 2009; Nieman & Nieuwenhuizen, 2009; Wickham, 2006; Nieman & Bennet, 2005; Bowler, 1995. The rationale was that, if entrepreneurial attributes could be identified as more developed in one country than in another, solutions could be provided for developing these attributes in others. keywords: 2009; ability; attributes; business; development; entrepreneurial; entrepreneurship; knowledge; level; sample; students; study; usa cache: sajems-213.pdf plain text: sajems-213.txt item: #225 of 660 id: sajems-2157 author: None title: sajems-2157 date: None words: 5630 flesch: 37 summary: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v48i3.36 Ooi, K.B. & Tan, W.H., 2016, ‘Mobile technology acceptance model: An investigation using mobile users to explore smartphone credit card’, Expert Systems with Applications 59, 33–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2016.04.015 Riemenschneider, C.K., Harrison, D.A. & Mykytn, P.P. Jr. 2003, ‘Understanding IT adoption decisions in small business: Integrating current theories’, Information & Management 40(4), 269–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7206(02)00010-1 Szajna, B., 1996, ‘Empirical evaluation of revised technology acceptance model’, Management Science 42(1), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.42.1.85 Tzeng, S., 2014, ‘Applying DEMATEL to investigate the relationship between factors affecting parole boards’ decision-making in Taiwan’, Prison Journal 94(1), 118–136. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMDM.2006.009140 Davis, F.D., 1989, ‘Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology’, MIS Quarterly 13(3), 319–340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008 Davis, F.D. & Venkatesh, V.A., 1996, ‘A critical assessment of potential measurement biases in the technology acceptance model: Three experiments’, International Journal of Human–Computer Studies 45(1), 19–45. https://doi.org/10.1006/ijhc.1996.0040 Dutot, W., 2014, ‘Adoption of social media using technology acceptance model the generational effect’, International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction 10(4), 18–35. keywords: acceptance; computer; ease; influence; intention; level; model; relation; technology; use; variables cache: sajems-2157.htm plain text: sajems-2157.txt item: #226 of 660 id: sajems-2159 author: None title: sajems-2159 date: None words: 6425 flesch: 31 summary: In organisational knowledge research, the theory of CI is significant in that it emphasises group tacit and explicit knowledge as important organisational factors for achieving competitive performance (Leimeister 2010). The CI theory of organisational knowledge propagates relational thinking, which means a way of human intellectual interactions within a social context, as an essential for enhancing organisational and workforce productivity, as well as goal achievement. keywords: centres; customer; firms; group; industry; journal; knowledge; knowledge management; management; nigeria; organisations; output; performance; productivity; research; service; telecommunication cache: sajems-2159.htm plain text: sajems-2159.txt item: #227 of 660 id: sajems-216 author: Brent, Alan; Hietkamp, Sibbele; Wise, Russell; O’Kennedy, Kenney title: Estimating the carbon emissions balance for South Africa date: 2011-06-17 words: 8514 flesch: 44 summary: Step 2: Assign carbon emissions from the EIO-LCA database The EIO-LCA model of the Green Design Institute at Carnegie Mellon (2008) defines carbon emissions factors for different industry sectors, as described by the United States Department of Commerce (Hendrickson et al., 2006). This will become increasingly important as international limitations will become stricter and binding, and developed countries will either not buy South African less-beneficiated high-carbon products or will demand discounts, in order to cover the taxes they may face for importing South African carbon. keywords: africa; available; carbon; cent; economy; emissions; energy; environmental; policy; products; south; south africa; total; trade cache: sajems-216.pdf plain text: sajems-216.txt item: #228 of 660 id: sajems-2162 author: None title: sajems-2162 date: None words: 7254 flesch: 48 summary: To evaluate the above, the South African requirements for a transaction to be subject to output tax are analysed in the next section to assist formulation of the potential output tax treatment of bitcoin transactions (as set out in the two research questions) for South African VAT vendors. Against the background of the above, the following recommendations are made to the South African authorities to issue appropriate guidelines to taxpayers in terms of the output tax treatment of bitcoin transactions in South Africa: Treat both the receiving of bitcoins in exchange for the selling of goods or rendering of services, as well as the exchange of bitcoins for South African rand, as transactions that are subject to output tax at the standard rate of 14%. keywords: act; african; bitcoin; exchange; goods; output; services; south; supply; tax; vat cache: sajems-2162.htm plain text: sajems-2162.txt item: #229 of 660 id: sajems-2164 author: None title: sajems-2164 date: None words: 11014 flesch: 38 summary: Other factors contributing to the failure of business rescues are management’s delay in filing for business rescue, either due to the resistance of filing or their lack of awareness of their distressed status. Ensor, L., 2014, ‘Business rescue under scrutiny as remedies fail to save stricken firms’, Business Day Live, 06 August, n.p. Fleming, G., Heaney, R. & McCosker, R., 2005, ‘Agency costs and ownership structure in Australia’, Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 13(1), 29–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2004.04.001 Government Gazette, 2009, Companies Act, No 71 of 2008, Cape Town, viewed 24 May 2018, from http://www.acts.co.za/companies-act-2008 Institute of Directors in Southern Africa (IoDSA), 2009, Practice Notes: Guidance on Business Rescue, Institute of Directors in Southern Africa, Pretoria. Jensen, M. & Meckling, W., 1976, ‘Theory of the firm: Managerial behaviour, agency costs and ownership structure’, Journal of Financial Economics 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X Jones Day, 2007, Comparison of Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code with: The system of administration in the United Kingdom, the rescue procedure in France, Insolvency proceedings in Germany and The extraordinary administration for large insolvent companies in Italy, viewed 28 February 2016, from http://www.jonesday.com/files/Publication/1ec093d4-66fb-42a6-8115-be0694c59443/Presentation/PublicationAttachment/e5b46572-7aeb-4c34-ab2e-bee2f8f3d3c2/Comparison%20of%20Chapter%2011%20(A4).pdf Joubert, T., 2013, ‘Reasonable possibility versus “Reasonable Prospect”: Did business rescue succeed in creating a better test than Judicial Management?’, Journal of Contemporary Roman-Dutch Law 76, 550–563. keywords: africa; business rescue; chapter; companies; company; funding; management; practitioners; pretorius; rescue legislation; rescue practitioners; rescues; research; south; study; success cache: sajems-2164.htm plain text: sajems-2164.txt item: #230 of 660 id: sajems-218 author: Grande, Marlene; Teixeira, Aurora AC title: Corruption and multinational companies’ entry modes. Do linguistic and historical ties matter? date: 2012-08-22 words: 7157 flesch: 50 summary: A MNC’s choice of market entry mode depends on several determinants. The nature of multinational firm boundaries: Transaction costs, firm capabilities and foreign market entry mode. keywords: 2009; choice; corruption; countries; entry; entry mode; equity; fdi; firms; host; international; market; mncs; modes cache: sajems-218.pdf plain text: sajems-218.txt item: #231 of 660 id: sajems-2210 author: Hargarter, Antje; van Vuuren, Gary title: Corrigendum: Assembly of a conduct risk regulatory model for developing market banks date: 2017-11-30 words: 225 flesch: 42 summary: South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences ISSN: (Online) 2222-3436, (Print) 1015-8812 Page 1 of 1 Corrigendum http://www.sajems.org Open Access Authors: Antje Hargarter1,2 Gary van Vuuren1 Affiliations: 1Department of Risk Management, School of Economics, North-West University, South Africa 2School of Investment and Banking, Milpark Education, South Africa Corresponding author: Antje Hargarter, antje.hargarter@milpark.ac.za Dates: Her first affiliation is the Department of Risk Management, School of Economics, North-West University, South Africa. keywords: south cache: sajems-2210.pdf plain text: sajems-2210.txt item: #232 of 660 id: sajems-2230 author: None title: sajems-2230 date: None words: 10155 flesch: 20 summary: Lack of support in the literature for a bidirectional relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and entrepreneurial intentions Self-efficacy It is well known that self-efficacy is a predictor of entrepreneurial intention (Bronowitz & Rader 2008; Krueger, N.F., 2017, ‘Entrepreneurial intentions are dead: Long live entrepreneurial intentions’, in M. Brännback & A.L. Carsrud (eds.), Revisiting the entrepreneurial mind, pp. keywords: action; article; business; competencies; efficacy; entrepreneurship; individual; intention; journal; management; opportunity; relationship; research; self; start; theory; value cache: sajems-2230.htm plain text: sajems-2230.txt item: #233 of 660 id: sajems-2236 author: None title: sajems-2236 date: None words: 8447 flesch: 34 summary: Three measures of CSR disclosure and three of CSR assurance are used in this study. We incorporate more refined measures for CSR disclosure and also of CSR assurance, over a more recent period. keywords: association; assurance; companies; csr; csr assurance; csr disclosure; csr reporting; disclosure; firm; reporting; value cache: sajems-2236.htm plain text: sajems-2236.txt item: #234 of 660 id: sajems-224 author: Van der Poll, Huibrecht; Gouws, Daan title: Issues surrounding the classification of accounting information date: 2011-06-17 words: 9372 flesch: 48 summary: A new classification framework for accounting information in the balance sheet and income statement is proposed. Keywords: Accounting information, attribute, classification, reclassification. keywords: accounting; accounting information; analysis; assets; attributes; cash; classification; framework; information; new; statement; users; y n; y y cache: sajems-224.pdf plain text: sajems-224.txt item: #235 of 660 id: sajems-2256 author: None title: sajems-2256 date: None words: 6214 flesch: 34 summary: Abstract Background: The study background looked at the advent of supply chain management in the last generation which ushered in technology that drives information-sharing within, and across enterprises. The information flow facilitates synchronisation of business activities, such as relationship-building, supply chain management among others. keywords: chain; customer; enterprises; information; integration; management; sharing; smes; south; study; supplier; supply; supply chain; technology cache: sajems-2256.htm plain text: sajems-2256.txt item: #236 of 660 id: sajems-2257 author: None title: sajems-2257 date: None words: 5699 flesch: 39 summary: TABLE 2: Descriptive statistics for the pre-real estate investment trust and real estate investment trust periods. TABLE 3: Mean differences between the pre-real estate investment trust and real estate investment trust period. keywords: estate; financial; firm; growth; investment; leverage; period; profit; real; reit; value cache: sajems-2257.htm plain text: sajems-2257.txt item: #237 of 660 id: sajems-2259 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2017-12-22 words: 858 flesch: 19 summary: Jo Zeelie Joel H. Eita Johan Marx Johane Dikgang Johann Kirsten Jose M. Fernandez-Crehuet Josue Mbonigaba Judith Simonyan Juniours Marire Jurie van Vuuren Kanshukan Rajaratnam Acknowledgement to reviewers http://www.sajems.org� http://www.sajems.org� http://www.sajems.org� http://www.sajems.org� http://www.sajems.org� http://www.sajems.org� mailto:publishing@aosis.co.za http://www.sajems.org Open Access Reviewer AcknowledgementPage 2 of 2 Knowledge Chinhamu Kore M.A. Guei Lambert Jerman Lawrence M. Mabuza Leana Esterhuyse Leendert Haasbroek Leila L. Goedhals-Gerber Leon T. de Beer Leonard Willemse Lezelle Jacobs Liezl-Marie Kruger Lize Hoek Lloyd J.S. Baiyegunhi Lonell Coetzee Lynette Louw Madelyn Geldenhuys Malefa R. Malefane Mangakane L. Pududu Manoel Bittencourt Marcel Kohler Marek Matejun Mareli Dippenaar Margaret Nieuwoudt Margie Sutherland Marianne Matthee Marine Erasmus Marius Pretorius Marius Ungerer Mark Ellyne Mark Bussin Martin L. Combrinck Martin Breitenbach Martin Cameron Martin de Wit Melodi Botha Michael Harber Mihaela Herciu Mihalis G. Chasomeris Milivoje Davidovic Monica Kirsten Msizi V. Mkhize Muhammad Hassan Muhammad N. Akhtar Muntean Neli Murad A. Bein Neels Erasmus Ni Tian Niek Schoeman Nisreen I. Albanawi Noleen Pisa Norman Arshed Nyasha Mahonye Orpha Cilliers Ozel Sebetci Pascal Dumontier Paul Smit Peter Kilbourn Peter K. Turyakira Phillip F. Blaauw Pieter Conradie Pieter Buys Pieter J. van Schalkwyk Rafiu A. Aregbeshola Ralitza Dobreva Rene Pellissier Retha Scheepers Riaan Rossouw Rob Smorfitt Rob Stuart Rob Smorfitt Robert W.D. Zondo Roger S. Brown Ronald H. Mynhardt Saima Batool Salome van Coller-Peter Samuel Jibao Sandra Perks Sanjana B. Parumasur Sanlie Middelberg Sebastiaan Rothmann Seeku A.K. Jaabi Segnon Aguey Sergey I. Krylov Shagufta Parveen Sibindi Ntandoyenkosi Sonja Grater Stefanie Kuhn Stephanus J. Joubert Stephen M. Duffield Stephen Zhanje Surika van Rooyen Syden Mishi Taeyoung Yoo Talita Greyling Tanya du Publisher: publishing@aosis.co.za Tel: +27 21 975 2602 Fax: +27 21 975 4635 Abdul L. Alhassan Ailie Charteris Alain P. Bala Alexander O. Ikupolati Allan Feldman Anak A.G.S. Utama Andre C. Jordaan Andre Heymans Ankur Nandedkar Antje Hargarter Anton Grobler Ardi Gunardi Awais Anwar Aye M. Alemu Aylit T. Romm Ben Smit Bongani Ngwenya Callie Theron Calvin M. Mabaso Caren Scheepers Carika Fritz Carla Morris Cecile N.G. Proches Cecile Schultz Cecile Nieuwenhuizen Chux Iwu Charl J. de Villiers Charlene Lew Chengedzai Mafini Chris W. Callaghan Christa Wingard Christiaan Lamprecht Christian Rogerson Christian L. van Tonder Chun-Kai Huang Claudette Rabie Cobus Oosthuizen Cornelia Pop Crizelle Els Daniel P. Schutte Daniela-Tatiana Agheorghiesei (Corodeanu) David Badenhorst David Chisunga David Uchezuba David A.L. Coldwell Derek Yu Derik Steyn Dirk Visser Douglas Taylor Douglas Mbululu Edwin Theron Ekaete E. Benedict Elda du Toit Elena Barbu Eliada S. Griffin-EL Elina Amadhila Elroy E. Smith Enang B. Udah Erica de Villiers Ethel N. Abe Evan Gilbert Evelyn Derera Ewert P.J. Kleynhans Fanie Buys Ferdi Botha Ferdinand Niyimbanira Francis Kemegue Francois Steyn Goosain Solomon Gary W. van Vuuren Gavin Fraser Geoffroy Enjolras Gerhard K. Coetzee Gideon Els Giseli V. Rocha Graham Barr Harald Winkler Hendrik Wolmarans Henny Romijn Henry Jordaan Herman Viviers Ian Stuart Isolde Lubbe Itayi Chikowore Ivan van der Merwe Jabulile Galawe Jack J. Zulu Jaco Pienaar Jaco Fouche Ja’nel Esterhuysen Janus Henning Jin-Sang Lee Jiska Degroot keywords: access; david; http://www.sajems.org; journal; management; reviewer; sciences; van cache: sajems-2259.pdf plain text: sajems-2259.txt item: #238 of 660 id: sajems-2286 author: None title: sajems-2286 date: None words: 8296 flesch: 48 summary: (2010) concluded that CoCos should be substituted for straight debt in bank capital. For subordinated bond holders and CoCo bond investors, however, the SRB decision triggered the decimation of value for CoCo bond investors who witnessed the value of their initial investment decline by over 60% in a few weeks. keywords: bank; bond; capital; coco; coerc; contingent; conversion; equity; investors; market; price; shares; trigger; value cache: sajems-2286.htm plain text: sajems-2286.txt item: #239 of 660 id: sajems-2291 author: None title: sajems-2291 date: None words: 10644 flesch: 44 summary: In this case, competition reduces bank efficiency. Sarpong-Kumankoma, Abor and Aboagye (2017) also looked at competition and bank efficiency in sub-Saharan Africa, employing SFA and finding results inconsistent with the quiet life hypothesis. keywords: african; bank; banking; boone; competition; cost; efficiency; financial; hypothesis; index; indicator; lerner; market; relationship; results; sector; south cache: sajems-2291.htm plain text: sajems-2291.txt item: #240 of 660 id: sajems-2309 author: None title: sajems-2309 date: None words: 5450 flesch: 41 summary: Klenow and Rodriguez-Clare (1997) argue that one has to be careful when decomposing output growth because decisions to invest in physical and human capital are themselves likely to depend on TFP growth, and that a simple growth decomposition may ignore the portion of growth in inputs induced by productivity growth. To evaluate the role of TFP in growth, we calculate the share of TFP growth in total output growth. Jorgensen and Griliches (1967) calculate the rate of growth of TFP as the difference between the rate of change of real product and the rate of growth of inputs. keywords: capital; countries; country; economic; frontier; growth; output; output growth; results; ssa; table; tfp cache: sajems-2309.htm plain text: sajems-2309.txt item: #241 of 660 id: sajems-2334 author: None title: sajems-2334 date: None words: 9349 flesch: 40 summary: https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115 Bakker, A.B. & Leiter, M.P., 2010, ‘Where to go from here: Integration and future research on work engagement’, in Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research, pp. Storm and Rothmann (2003a) and Naudé (2003) established that there are high correlations between work engagement dimensions (Vigour-Dedication and Absorption) by which they suggested that work engagement as measured by the UWES is a two-factor construct. keywords: absorption; customer; dimensions; employees; engagement; management; organisation; quality; quality management; research; results; study; total; tqm; work; work engagement cache: sajems-2334.htm plain text: sajems-2334.txt item: #242 of 660 id: sajems-2338 author: None title: sajems-2338 date: None words: 6047 flesch: 28 summary: The results indicate the following path sequences in predicting employee turnover intention: transformational leadership through perceived organisational support and transformational leadership through organisational justice impact intention to quit. Development of hypotheses The relationship between perceived organisational support and intention to quit Perceived organisational support (POS) concerns the estimation by employees regarding the importance attached to their inputs and the extent to which the organisation cares for their well-being in the course of employment (Riggle, Edmondson & Hansen 2009). keywords: employees; intention; journal; justice; leadership; management; organisation; relationship; research; study; support; trust; turnover cache: sajems-2338.htm plain text: sajems-2338.txt item: #243 of 660 id: sajems-2345 author: None title: sajems-2345 date: None words: 7577 flesch: 49 summary: Aim: Prior research found inconsistencies in the market pricing of fair value levels. It also focuses on the period after comprehensive guidance on how to measure fair value levels was issued. keywords: assets; crisis; hierarchy; ifrs; level; liabilities; period; pricing; value; value assets cache: sajems-2345.htm plain text: sajems-2345.txt item: #244 of 660 id: sajems-235 author: van Vuuren, Gary Wayne title: Basel III countercyclical capital rules: implications for South Africa date: 2012-08-22 words: 8484 flesch: 52 summary: The authors assert that current levels of bank capital determine future lending since banks anticipate that earnings shocks during economic down-turns may impair their capacity for future lending. While it is true that most banks enjoy capital ratios in excess of these levels, in severe economic downturns, capital is depleted and ratios plummet. keywords: banks; basel; bcbs; capital; credit; data; economic; filter; gdp; growth; procyclicality; ratio; rules; south; trend cache: sajems-235.pdf plain text: sajems-235.txt item: #245 of 660 id: sajems-236 author: Chipeta, Chimwemwe; Gladysek, Olga title: The impact of socially responsible investment index constituent announcements on firm price: evidence from the JSE date: 2012-11-20 words: 5943 flesch: 59 summary: Future research could analyse the share price and operating performance of SRI Index listed firms over a longer time period to gauge whether the industry is becoming a more prominent feature in the South African market. This booming industry has prompted various researchers to analyse SRI performance in Europe. keywords: announcement; day; event; index; jse; market; performance; returns; sri; sri index; years cache: sajems-236.pdf plain text: sajems-236.txt item: #246 of 660 id: sajems-2368 author: None title: sajems-2368 date: None words: 9131 flesch: 31 summary: It is necessary to develop an understanding of the risk factors that act as both constraints and barriers to the successful performance of public supply chains before applying solutions to improve both the efficiency and effectiveness of public sector SCM. An enabling policy framework (Hanks, Davies & Perera 2008; Turley & Perera 2014) usually supports public supply chains that can adapt and respond to changes with minimum costs regarding time, cost, quality and performance. keywords: africa; chain flexibility; chain management; chain performance; chain risks; government; information; journal; management; procurement; public; research; scm; sector; south; south africa; study; supply chain cache: sajems-2368.htm plain text: sajems-2368.txt item: #247 of 660 id: sajems-2377 author: None title: sajems-2377 date: None words: 12644 flesch: 18 summary: Huang, Y. & Sternquist, B., 2007, ‘Retailer’s foreign market entry decisions: An institutional perspective’, International Business Review 16, 613–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2007.06.005 INE (Instituto Nacional de Estatística de Cape Verde), 2017, Población y Condiciones de Vida en Cabo Verde, viewed from http://www.ine.cv Jayawarna, D., Rouse, J. & Kitching, J., 2013, ‘Entrepreneur motivations and life course’, International Small Business Journal 31(1), 34–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242611401444 Kautonen, T., Gelderen, M. & Fink, M., 2015, ‘Robustness of the theory of planned behavior in predicting entrepreneurial intentions and actions’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 39(3), 655–674. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12056 Krueger, N.F., Reilly, M.D. & Carsrud, A.L., 2000, ‘Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions’, Journal of Business Venturing 15(5–6), 411–432. Empresa y Turismo, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain Jeremias Dias-Furtado Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Cape Verde Citation Garcia-Cabrera, A.M., Garcia-Soto, M.G. & Dias-Furtado, J., 2018, ‘The individual’s perception of institutional environments and entrepreneurial motivation in developing economies: Evidence from Cape Verde’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 21(1), a2377. keywords: 2013; business; component; economies; entrepreneurs; et al; factors; individual; institutions; motivation; necessity; non; opportunity; social; variance cache: sajems-2377.htm plain text: sajems-2377.txt item: #248 of 660 id: sajems-2390 author: None title: sajems-2390 date: None words: 5287 flesch: 45 summary: The output of any regional economy (for example, the Pietermaritzburg economy) is needed as an input to many other regional economies, or even for that regional economy itself; therefore, the ‘correct’ (i.e. shortage-free, as well as surplus-free) level of regional economic output will depend on the input requirements of all the regional economies (n). The survey contains questions relating to the proportion of products and services by businesses in a particular regional economy sold to other regional economies. keywords: demand; economic; economies; economy; flows; input; output; regions; table; trade cache: sajems-2390.htm plain text: sajems-2390.txt item: #249 of 660 id: sajems-2412 author: None title: sajems-2412 date: None words: 5247 flesch: 39 summary: With the development of Tanwar and Prasad’s (2017) employer branding scale, they questioned whether specific factors like gender, occupation or managerial level have an influence on employer branding perceptions. Employer branding perceptions differ between age groups H1b: keywords: branding; compensation; employees; employer; employer branding; management; perceptions; research; retention; study cache: sajems-2412.htm plain text: sajems-2412.txt item: #250 of 660 id: sajems-243 author: Farrington, Shelley title: Does personality matter for small business success? date: 2012-11-20 words: 10891 flesch: 48 summary: The relationship between personality and performance is well supported by several meta- analyses (Bergner, Neubauer & Kreuzthaler, 2010; Barrick, Mount & Judge, 2001), and personality traits are agreed to be valid predictors of managerial performance (Bergner et al., 2010). Previous efforts to investigate the relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurship have centred on the use of narrow traits such as risk-taking, locus of control and need for achievement (Llewellyn & Wilson, 2003). keywords: agreeableness; barrick; business; conscientiousness; dimensions; experience; extraversion; factor; growth; mount; openness; performance; personality; study; success; traits cache: sajems-243.pdf plain text: sajems-243.txt item: #251 of 660 id: sajems-244 author: Cronje, Christo Johannes; Moolman, Sindiswa title: Intellectual capital: Measurement, recognition and reporting date: 2013-02-26 words: 6307 flesch: 34 summary: 4.2 Measurement of intellectual capital Intellectual capital assets are strategic resources that should be properly managed in order to derive maximum benefits from them. Brännström and Giuliani (2009:23) describe intellectual capital as follows: Intellectual capital = identified intangible assets + purchased goodwill keywords: accounting; assets; attributes; business; capital; companies; company; iasb; information; reporting; reports; value cache: sajems-244.pdf plain text: sajems-244.txt item: #252 of 660 id: sajems-2450 author: None title: sajems-2450 date: None words: 7771 flesch: 41 summary: Abstract Introduction Methodology and data Empirical results Conclusion and policy implication Acknowledgements References Appendix 1 About the Author(s) Yessica C.Y. Chung Department of Agribusiness Management, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan, Republic of China Citation Chung, Y.C.Y., 2019, ‘Knowledge exchange and ethnic networks of clustered small-scale enterprises in Africa: Aim: This study aims to investigate the effect of ethnic network between ethnic majority and minority on knowledge exchange in clustered micro and small-scale enterprises in Africa. keywords: arusha; assembly; cluster; effect; enterprises; ethnic; ethnicity; furniture; group; knowledge; majority; minority; networks; producers; skills; study; variables cache: sajems-2450.htm plain text: sajems-2450.txt item: #253 of 660 id: sajems-2455 author: None title: sajems-2455 date: None words: 9596 flesch: 34 summary: In fact, with Fintech competitors such as TymeDigital and Bank Zero relying solely on digital platforms to interact, retail banks will be forced to aggressively migrate clients to digital channels in order to compete. Furthermore, the wealth of information banks have on clients will allow them to profile and segment clients beyond mere biographical and financial information to include medical and even health-related financial solutions. keywords: african; banking; banks; branches; clients; data; fintech; group; ltd; march; nedbank; new; risk; services; solutions; south; technology; use cache: sajems-2455.htm plain text: sajems-2455.txt item: #254 of 660 id: sajems-246 author: Alagidede, Paul title: Month of the year and pre-holiday effects in African stock markets date: 2013-02-26 words: 6459 flesch: 61 summary: Also, stock returns are found to be systematically higher or lower depending on the time of the day, the day of the week, and the month of the year. These regularities in stock returns, otherwise known as calendar anomalies (effects), have Abstract SAJEMS NS 16 (2013) keywords: anomalies; day; effect; evidence; holiday; january; markets; month; nigeria; returns; seasonality; stock; year cache: sajems-246.pdf plain text: sajems-246.txt item: #255 of 660 id: sajems-2477 author: None title: sajems-2477 date: None words: 6509 flesch: 52 summary: The results from our research indicate that ethical wine consumers are less concerned about the price of the product and more about the quality. Therefore, we conclude that the ethical wine consumer typically falls in the first two categories identified by Bird and Hughes (1997), although it would be worthwhile to profile the different segments of ethical wine consumers in South Africa better – also an aspect for future research. keywords: africa; behaviour; consumers; consumption; products; research; respondents; south; trade; wine; workers; wtp cache: sajems-2477.htm plain text: sajems-2477.txt item: #256 of 660 id: sajems-251 author: Urban, Boris title: Tracking the venture creation phases in terms of entrepreneurial self-efficacy: links to competitiveness of South African ventures date: 2012-11-20 words: 8937 flesch: 43 summary: T a b l e 2 Regression results for ESE venture phases on venture competitiveness β Std. No 4 TRACKING THE VENTURE CREATION PHASES IN TERMS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL SELF-EFFICACY: LINKS TO COMPETITIVENESS OF SOUTH AFRICAN VENTURES Boris Urban Wits Business School Accepted: May 2012 Examining entrepreneurial self-efficacy across venture creation phases is important as research indicates that behaviours to which self-efficacy corresponds are largely concerned with new-venture formation processes and as such are required of entrepreneurs well beyond the point of founding. keywords: 2009; business; competitiveness; creation; efficacy; entrepreneurship; ese; journal; management; new; phases; research; self; south; study; venture; venture creation cache: sajems-251.pdf plain text: sajems-251.txt item: #257 of 660 id: sajems-252 author: Fourie, Helanya; de Wit, Martin P.; Van der Merwe, Albert title: The role and value of water in natural capital restoration on the Agulhas Plain date: 2013-02-26 words: 6416 flesch: 53 summary: At this upper estimate of water value, 3-6 per cent of water released by alien clearing and restoration will have to be provided as consumable runoff in order for such a project to be efficient. Restoration costs include seed collection, seed preparation and sowing. keywords: agulhas; alien; clearing; cost; ecosystem; fynbos; goods; plain; restoration; services; species; value; vegetation; water cache: sajems-252.pdf plain text: sajems-252.txt item: #258 of 660 id: sajems-254 author: Lopez-Perez, Maria Victoria; Perez-Lopez, Maria Carmen; Rodriguez-Ariza, Lazaro title: Ownership governance and performance in Spanish-Moroccan joint ventures date: 2013-09-02 words: 7767 flesch: 52 summary: The aim of this research is to analyse how the mechanisms of control exerted by the owners of an SME created as an IJV may enhance company performance. Our con- clusions and the limitations acknowledged are stated in section 6. 2 Literature review and hypotheses The goal of this study is to analyse how ownership affects company performance, via the different mechanisms of governance. keywords: board; company; control; governance; ijvs; management; managers; ownership; partners; performance; size; smes cache: sajems-254.pdf plain text: sajems-254.txt item: #259 of 660 id: sajems-2542 author: None title: sajems-2542 date: None words: 8511 flesch: 56 summary: References Becker, W.E. & Johnston, C., 1999, ‘The relationship between multiple choice and essay response questions in assessing economic understanding’, Economic Record 75(4), 348–357. Ben Shakar, G. & Sinai, Y., 1991, ‘Gender differences in multiple choice tests: The role of differential guessing tendencies’, Journal of Educational Measurement 28(1), 23–25. Bereby-Meyer, Y., Meyer, J. & Flascher, O.M., 2002, ‘Prospect theory analysis of guessing in multiple choice tests’, Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 15(4), 313–327. Appendix 1: Test Questionnaire: Student number: ____________________ Gender: ____________________ keywords: assessment; behaviour; choice; experiment; group; points; risk; score; students; test cache: sajems-2542.htm plain text: sajems-2542.txt item: #260 of 660 id: sajems-2550 author: Bosbof, A. B.; Theron, S. W.; Schutte, J. L. title: Prediction of the success level of entrepreneurial ventures by means of biographical and business variables in a third world setting date: 1998-09-30 words: 4863 flesch: 58 summary: Studying business variables as predictors of entrepreneurial success seems to be in line with Gartner's (1988) view that the entrepreneurial process should be studied in more depth. Four of these variables are classified as biographical variables and four as business variables (Schutte, Bennett, and Boshoff, 1993: keywords: account; business; number; status; success; variables; venture cache: sajems-2550.pdf plain text: sajems-2550.txt item: #261 of 660 id: sajems-2551 author: North, E. title: The portrayal of children in magazine advertising: A post-apartheid study date: 1998-09-30 words: 6021 flesch: 65 summary: The results of the three studies indicate that child models are portrayed as social beings in more than half of the cases. No 3 372 Table 2: Race of child models in magazine advertisements 1983 1987 1997 Race of models (n=238) (n=I72) (n=224 keywords: advertisements; advertising; children; magazine; marketers; models; product; south; use cache: sajems-2551.pdf plain text: sajems-2551.txt item: #262 of 660 id: sajems-2552 author: Jorgensen, L. I.; Rothmann, S. title: Die evaluering van 'n opleidingsprogram ten opsigte van interpersoonlike doeltreffendheid date: 1998-09-30 words: 4528 flesch: 62 summary: Wat die kwalitatiewe indrukke betref, blyk dit sekere faktore struikelblokke kan wees in die weg van die ontwikkeling van • Uit die evaluering van die verskillende opleidingsprograrnme ten opsigte van interpersoonlike doeltreffendheid wat in die literatuur opgespoor kon word (bv. keywords: cilliers; dat; die; doeltreffendheid; het; interpersoonlike; opleidingsprogram; opsigte; optimaliteit; psigologiese; training; van; van die; vir; wat; word cache: sajems-2552.pdf plain text: sajems-2552.txt item: #263 of 660 id: sajems-2553 author: Brynard, P.; van Rooyen, E. title: Die strategiese bestuur van regstellende aksie in plaaslike regering in Suid Afrika date: 1998-09-30 words: 5754 flesch: 54 summary: Met die inwer:kingstelling van die Grondwet van die Republiek van Suid Afrika, 1993 (Wet 200 van 1993) is 'n altematiewe beslaywing van die inhoud en oogmerk van die regstellende abieprogram wat deur die Stadsraad geloods word, instaatstellingsaksie. keywords: aan; afrika; aksie; aksieproses; behoort; bepaalde; bestuur; bestuurders; dat; die; hulle; kan; plaaslike; regering; regstellende; regstellende aksie; strategiese; suid; tydens; van; van die; vir; vol; wat; wees; word cache: sajems-2553.pdf plain text: sajems-2553.txt item: #264 of 660 id: sajems-2554 author: Yadavalli, L. title: International income growth and convergence and the South African economy date: 1998-09-30 words: 5926 flesch: 73 summary: This tendency clearly suggests divergence among lower income countries and convergence among the higher income countries Figure 2: The Coefficient of Variation for a Sample of Countries, 1965- 1991 The Coefficient of Variation-t 965-1991 0.08 0.07 ! Paul M. Romer (1989) and Sergio Rebelo (1991) again emphasised the lack of correlation between initial per capita GOP and per capita growth rate for a sample of 100 countries, as evidence against convergence. keywords: capita; convergence; countries; growth; income; productivity; south cache: sajems-2554.pdf plain text: sajems-2554.txt item: #265 of 660 id: sajems-2555 author: Hosking, S. title: An economic case for regulating against the use of non-deposit carrying glass containers of beverage in South Africa date: 1998-09-30 words: 9341 flesch: 59 summary: Despite the development of this industry, the problem of glass bottle waste still remains an acute environmental problem in South Africa. Fortunately, under some circumstances it is profitable to recycle glass bottles, and as a result, a recycling glass bottle industry has evolved. keywords: beverage; bottles; containers; cost; deposit; e gr; e p; glass; market; nc e; recycling; south; waste cache: sajems-2555.pdf plain text: sajems-2555.txt item: #266 of 660 id: sajems-2556 author: Mahadea, D. title: The fiscal system and objectives of GEAR in South Africa: Consistent or conflicting? date: 1998-09-30 words: 7816 flesch: 58 summary: 449 SATEB NR Vol I (1998) Nr 3 from 3.5% in 1996 to 3.8% in 1998,4.90/0 in 1999 and 6% in 2000, and an increase in employment growth from 1.3% in 1996 to 4.3% 1n 2000. Redistribution on a large scale is however possible to the extent that the economy registers high growth and the national product grows in proportion to the population. keywords: africa; employment; gear; government; growth; investment; rate; south; tax; vol cache: sajems-2556.pdf plain text: sajems-2556.txt item: #267 of 660 id: sajems-2557 author: Sõrg, M. title: Estonian currency board and economic performance date: 1998-09-30 words: 8303 flesch: 63 summary: Permission was given to use foreign currency alongside the rouble in buying and selling goods and services. The rise in prices was mostly the effect of merging two goods markets (foreign currency and rouble shops) and eliminating the cash shortage experienced by the population. keywords: bank; currency; currency board; estonia; exchange; foreign; kroon; monetary; policy; rate; system cache: sajems-2557.pdf plain text: sajems-2557.txt item: #268 of 660 id: sajems-2558 author: Bothma, L. J.; Jordaan, C. J. title: 'n Minimum loon vir huishulpe: Antwoorde vir beleidmakers date: 1998-09-30 words: 4678 flesch: 78 summary: Die res van die huishulpe woon op hoewes en in die ttadisioneel nie-blanke woonbuurte rondom Bloemfontein, wat Huishulpe se Take TAKE IDAG 2DAE 3DAE VOLTYDS N=52 N=50 N=30 N=45 Huisskoon- 1000/0 100% 100% 100% maak Wasgoedwas 88% 96% 97% 96% enlof st:rvk Koskook 2% 4% 11% 42% Kinder-en 00/0 6% 8% 38% beiaardesonl Hierdie resultate stem baie ooreen met die van 'n studie van Davidson en Grossett (1995:95) wat in die Gauteng-provinsie gedoen is. keywords: dag; dat; die; dit; het; hierdie; huishulpe; hulle; loon; minimum; moet; nie; ook; van; vir; voltydse; wat; week; word cache: sajems-2558.pdf plain text: sajems-2558.txt item: #269 of 660 id: sajems-2559 author: Kleynhans, E. title: Komparatiewe voordeel in die landbou date: 1998-09-30 words: 5931 flesch: 70 summary: Indien dit gelyk aan een is, Ie die absolute waarde, van die produk se aandeel in internasionale uitvoere, op die kritieke grens omdat die produk se aandeel in die land se uitvoer, gelyk is aan sy aandeel in werelduitvoer. Enkele van die produkte word in Tabel 1 getoon. keywords: afrikaanse; ander; balassa; dat; die; dit; het; intemasionale; kan; kommoditeite; komparatiewe; land; landbou; mededingendheid; metode; nie; sal; suid; tot; van; vir; voordeel; wat; word cache: sajems-2559.pdf plain text: sajems-2559.txt item: #270 of 660 id: sajems-2560 author: Hart, J. S. title: Origins of economic instability: Real, financial or both? - Part I: An account of Minsky's financial instability hypothesis date: 1999-03-31 words: 8385 flesch: 60 summary: This leads them to the thesis that the roots of investment instability are to be found in the stock exchange and other financial markets. To understand the determination of investment spending and theorize investment instability, we must study and model the managerial enterprise [i.e., the real sector] as well as financial markets; there is no legitimate shortcut through the conflation of agents. keywords: capital; debt; instability; investment; minsky; price; theory cache: sajems-2560.pdf plain text: sajems-2560.txt item: #271 of 660 id: sajems-2561 author: Joubert, C. S.; Schoeman, N. J.; Blignaut, J. N. title: Small, Medium and Micro-Sized Enterprises (SMMEs) and the housing construction industry: A possible solution to South Africa's socio-economic problems date: 1999-03-31 words: 4531 flesch: 64 summary: No 1 27 4 HOUSING PROVISION AND CONSTRUCTION SMMEs It appears to have a greater capacity to absorb large numbers of people seeking employment, whereas formal sector business only has a limited capacity to provide jobs for the unemployed and new labour market entrants. keywords: economy; smmes; south cache: sajems-2561.pdf plain text: sajems-2561.txt item: #272 of 660 id: sajems-2562 author: Herbst, F. J.; Schreuder, A. N. title: The influence of marketing effectiveness on building long-term relationships in a sport environment date: 1999-03-31 words: 5195 flesch: 58 summary: Relationship marketing has yet to progress beyond topics for articles and speeches with little real action (Pruden, 1995), This view is supported by Perrien (1995) and Paley (1996) who believe that the implementation of relationship marketing within organisations, including service organisations, has R ep ro du ce d by S ab in et G at ew ay u nd er li ce nc e gr an te d by th e P ub lis he r (d at ed 2 00 9) . JEL M 31 The heart and soul of relationship marketing is marketing to the customers after they have become customers (Berry, ]994). keywords: e gr; e p; marketing; nc e; quality; relationship; spectators cache: sajems-2562.pdf plain text: sajems-2562.txt item: #273 of 660 id: sajems-2564 author: Mbowa, S.; Nieuwoudt, W. L.; Despins, P. M. title: Size efficiency of sugarcane farms in KwaZulu-Natal date: 1999-03-31 words: 8110 flesch: 59 summary: 3 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 3.1 The measurement of farm efficiency The analysis of farm efficiency has typically centred on the technical, allocative and scale R ep ro du ce d by S ab in et G at ew ay u nd er li ce nc e gr an te d by th e P ub lis he r (d at ed 2 00 9) . keywords: cost; efficiency; farms; land; production; scale; size; sugarcane cache: sajems-2564.pdf plain text: sajems-2564.txt item: #274 of 660 id: sajems-2565 author: Reddy, Mahendra; Yanagida, John F. title: Technical efficiency analysis of Fiji's sugar industry: An application of the stochastic frontier production function approach date: 1999-03-31 words: 5709 flesch: 57 summary: Battese et al. (1996) apply a single stage model for estimating technical inefficiencies of production for wheat farmers in four districts of Pakistan. Apart from some variables having mixed results, the two key variables, age and education had consistent effects on technical inefficiency for all four districts. keywords: farmers; frontier; inefficiency; journal; land; production cache: sajems-2565.pdf plain text: sajems-2565.txt item: #275 of 660 id: sajems-2568 author: Fletcher, M. title: Internal service quality enhancement for external appeal: A South African perspective date: 1999-03-31 words: 7432 flesch: 53 summary: No 1 93 Internal Service Quality Enhancement for External Appeal: A South African Perspective M Fletcher Department of Marketing, University of Pretoria ABSTRACT The main problems in service quality programmes seem to stem from methods and strategies used rather than actual service quality improvement itself. The third objective is of an operational nature, seeking to determine the impact of service quality programmes and to test whether the practitioners did receive the benefits held out by their academic supporters. keywords: = =; employee; market; organisations; programmes; quality; research; service; service quality cache: sajems-2568.pdf plain text: sajems-2568.txt item: #276 of 660 id: sajems-2569 author: Govender, K. K. title: Customers' perception of bank service quality: The importance of employee service quality date: 1999-03-31 words: 4274 flesch: 60 summary: In view of this, the present research attempts to discover whether the customers' perception of employee service quality [EQUAL] is associated with their perception of the overall service quality [SQUALl. procedure produced a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.5153, and a Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0.6045, both of which implied that there is a positive association between overall service quality and employee service quality. keywords: bank; customers; employee; quality; research; service cache: sajems-2569.pdf plain text: sajems-2569.txt item: #277 of 660 id: sajems-2570 author: Jooste, L. G.; Dekker, G. M. title: An evaluation of listed companies by means of cash flow ratios date: 1999-03-31 words: 5712 flesch: 57 summary: It has been suggested, inter alia, by Giacomino and Mielke (1993), that cash flow ratios should serve as a starting point for the development of ratios which are based on cash flow and furnish a basis for general analysis. Relative performance evaluation is one of the uses of cash flow ratios, which evaluate the sufficiency and efficiency of the cash flow. keywords: cash; cash flow; flow; institutions; ratios cache: sajems-2570.pdf plain text: sajems-2570.txt item: #278 of 660 id: sajems-2571 author: llorah, Richard title: Petroleum and its consequences for prices, employment and wages in Nigeria date: 1999-03-31 words: 5197 flesch: 61 summary: Therefore we shall rely on primary crops prices and urban formal wages as proxies for tradeable goods and non-tradeable goods prices, respectively. Devaluation of the nominal exchange rate should have been one of the best policy options for the Nigerian authorities during the period.s To the extent that devaluation has the effect of improving the domestic prices of tradeable goods relative to non-tradeable goods prices, this device can achieve, albeit temporarily, protection of the agricultural exports. keywords: exchange; goods; nigeria; non; oil; percent; prices; sector cache: sajems-2571.pdf plain text: sajems-2571.txt item: #279 of 660 id: sajems-2572 author: Petersen, R. J.; Vermeulen, L. P. title: Managing diversity in Israel: Some applications for South Africa date: 1999-03-31 words: 6753 flesch: 50 summary: As more South African companies operate across national and cultural borders, managing diversity is moving from being a social ideal to being a practical business mandate (Thomas, 1996: 17). The purpose of this article is to describe the Israeli approach to managing diversity, with the view to identifying possible applications for South Africa. keywords: business; diversity; israeli; management; national; south cache: sajems-2572.pdf plain text: sajems-2572.txt item: #280 of 660 id: sajems-2573 author: Hart, J. S. title: Origins of economic instability: Real, financial or both? - Part II: An appraisal of Minsky's financial instability hypothesis date: 1999-06-30 words: 8608 flesch: 63 summary: Dow and Earl (1982) adopt a structural-portfolio approach to money supply and demand. Pollin (1991) has distinguished two theories of money supply endogeneity: the 'accommodative' and the 'structural' approaches. keywords: approach; bank; financial; interest; investment; minsky; money; rate; supply; theory cache: sajems-2573.pdf plain text: sajems-2573.txt item: #281 of 660 id: sajems-2574 author: van Heerden, J. H.; Blignaut, J. N.; Groenendijk, N. S. title: On the shady side of economics date: 1999-06-30 words: 6468 flesch: 61 summary: the debate on the merits of economic crime could be related to what Elster calls one of the most persistent cleavages in the social R ep ro du ce d by S ab in et G at ew ay u nd er li ce nc e gr an te d by th e P ub lis he r (d at ed 2 00 9) . Japan, for example, has only started to admit during the last few years that they, too, have experienced major economic crimes like fraud and organised syndicates. keywords: costs; crime; fraud; market; rent; sajems cache: sajems-2574.pdf plain text: sajems-2574.txt item: #282 of 660 id: sajems-2575 author: Oberholster, Johan title: Financial accounting and reporting in developing countries: A South African perspective date: 1999-06-30 words: 7086 flesch: 49 summary: Different users Oni (1986: 26) states that the difference between the objectives of financial reporting in developed as opposed to developing countries, lies in the fact that the most important user groups in developing countries are different from the most important user groups in developed countries. Briston (1984: 12-26) is also of the opinion that the accounting objectives of developed countries are different from those of developing countries, and that conventional accounting statements are investor-driven and therefore of little relevance to countries with few private investors, no stock exchange and very strong government involvement in the economy. keywords: accountants; accounting; african; chartered; countries; country; international; south; standards; vol cache: sajems-2575.pdf plain text: sajems-2575.txt item: #283 of 660 id: sajems-2576 author: Mainardi, Stefano title: Geological occurrence and economic feasibility in closing decisions by gold mines date: 1999-06-30 words: 7267 flesch: 52 summary: Following a review of theoretical interpretations, and a reformulation of associated hypotheses, binary-response models are applied to a sample of gold mines in mainly three major southern hemisphere producers (Australia, South Africa and Chile). The empirical analysis has focused on gold mines, with particular attention to those located in Australia, South Africa and Chile. keywords: economic; gold; grade; mineral; mines; mining; ore; reserves; resources cache: sajems-2576.pdf plain text: sajems-2576.txt item: #284 of 660 id: sajems-2577 author: Brand, H. E.; Joubert, N. title: The evaluation of client service provided by the human resource division of a national service organisation date: 1999-06-30 words: 3431 flesch: 44 summary: The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of internal client service of the human resource division of a national service organisation. No 2 of Maryland in the early 1980s already showed an important relation between the external and internal client satisfaction of different departments in various organisations, indicating that the quality of internal client service can clearly promote or damage the external client service of an organisation (Hoffman, 1997). keywords: client; division; human; resource; service; study cache: sajems-2577.pdf plain text: sajems-2577.txt item: #285 of 660 id: sajems-2578 author: van Rensburg, Larette; Naudé, Willem title: Productivity and export growth in the South African manufacturing sector date: 1999-06-30 words: 8542 flesch: 58 summary: In the case of tobacco and furniture there would seem to be a strong positive association between export growth and productivity; however, the iron and basic steel industry achieved high export growth despite a negative growth in MFP. Table 3 Augmented Dickey-Fuller Tests for Stationarity of Multifactor Productivity in Soutb African Manufacturing Sector Produe- Export- Cbaagein Change in tivity levels levels productivity exports Food 0.179 -U88 -2.356 -2.476 Beverages -2.028 0.281 -0.916 -2.049 Tobacco Products -1.676 -1.190 -1.959 -1.934 Textiles keywords: causality; export; growth; manufacturing; output; productivity; products; south; wood cache: sajems-2578.pdf plain text: sajems-2578.txt item: #286 of 660 id: sajems-2579 author: Reekie, W. Duncan title: South African competition law and the diamond "cartel" date: 1999-06-30 words: 7357 flesch: 61 summary: The social costs of noncontestable monopoly (for example lower volumes and higher consumer prices than would otherwise exist) would theretore be incurred. The issue is whether the De Beers: CSO agreement exists to maintain profits as if' it were a monopoly (the conventional cartel rationale implying higher prices due to withheld quantities) or whether it exists to maximise profits subject to competitive market forces. keywords: cartel; cso; demand; diamond; government; market; price; vol cache: sajems-2579.pdf plain text: sajems-2579.txt item: #287 of 660 id: sajems-258 author: Acaravci, Songul Kakilli; Ozturk, Ilhan; Acaravci, Ali title: Financial development and economic growth: literature survey and empirical evidence from sub-Saharan African countries date: 2011-08-12 words: 10645 flesch: 45 summary: Key Words: Financial development, growth, panel causality, sub-Saharan Africa JEL C33, O11, O16, O55 1 Introduction Academic research on the finance-growth nexus dates back at least to Schumpeter (1911) who emphasised the positive role of financial development on economic growth. Another look at the evidence, International Economic Journal, 13: 19-35. DE GREGORIO, G & GUIDOTTI, PE (1995) Financial development and economic growth, World Development, 23: 433-448. DEMETRIADES, PO & HUSSEIN, KA (1996) Does financial development cause economic growth? keywords: causality; countries; credit; development; economic; finance; financial; gdp; growth; hypothesis; levine; panel; relationship; test cache: sajems-258.pdf plain text: sajems-258.txt item: #288 of 660 id: sajems-2580 author: Hwang, Eui-Gak title: A note on the effects of public finance on the economy date: 1999-06-30 words: 2511 flesch: 58 summary: No 2 Lastly, the welfare (or wealth) effects of government deficit financing were explored by regressing total private consumption expenditure (PCT) on sets of explanatory variables including permanent income (Y), private assets value (W), social insurance assets (SW), government expenditure (G), taxes (T), and government bonds outstanding (D). As briefly discussed in the beginning of this note, Keynesians emphasize the short-run direct etTect of public bond financing on real income, but monetarists argue that the wealth effect of government bonds will increase the demand for money by private wealth holders, which in tum increases interest rates, thus resulting in crowding- out effects of government expenditure by a fall in private investment. keywords: effects; expenditure; government; growth cache: sajems-2580.pdf plain text: sajems-2580.txt item: #289 of 660 id: sajems-2581 author: van Wyk, R.; Boshoff, A. B.; Bester, C. L. title: Correlates of type a behaviour among professionals date: 1999-06-30 words: 9006 flesch: 58 summary: No 2 Correlates of Type A Behaviour Among Professionals R van Wyk and A B &Shoff Department of Business Management, University of Pretoria C L Bester Department of Psychology, University of the Orange Free State ABSTRACT A review of the relevant literature indicates that a study of the relationships between Type A behaviour and personal as well as organizational variables is necessary. Information was gathered from 375 professionals on a number of demographic and personality variables, as well as Type A behaviour. keywords: behaviour; control; job; locus; relationship; scale; scores; study; sub; type cache: sajems-2581.pdf plain text: sajems-2581.txt item: #290 of 660 id: sajems-2584 author: Harmse, Chris; Du Toit, Charlotte title: An empirical capital market rate function for an emerging market economy in international financial crisis date: 1999-09-30 words: 7482 flesch: 64 summary: The yield curve turned negative as capital market rates started to lead interest rate movements, rather than following short-run money market rates. Capital market rates R ep ro du ce d by S ab in et G at ew ay u nd er li ce nc e gr an te d by th e P ub lis he r (d at ed 2 00 9) . keywords: ce nc; e gr; e p; li ce; market; rate; run; south; variables cache: sajems-2584.pdf plain text: sajems-2584.txt item: #291 of 660 id: sajems-2585 author: Terblanche, N. S.; Boshoff, C.; Smit, E. V.D.M. title: Risk relievers in mail-order catalogue retailing: The case of the high-frequency purchaser of low-involvement products date: 1999-09-30 words: 5147 flesch: 59 summary: These findings are important to mail-order catalogue managers because they confirm that a variety of risk relievers need to be offered to ensure that perceived risks are properly addressed. A number of risk relievers such as infonnation seeking, store image and major brand image that are freely available to in-shop consumers, are however not available to mail-catalogue consumers. keywords: catalogue; mail; order; product; relievers; risk cache: sajems-2585.pdf plain text: sajems-2585.txt item: #292 of 660 id: sajems-2586 author: Ekpo, Akpan H. title: Public expenditure and economic growth in a petroleum-based economy: Nigeria 1960-1992 date: 1999-09-30 words: 6088 flesch: 52 summary: However, if government tax and revenue-raising measures as well as the financing of government expenditures cause the investible surplus of the private sector to decrease, then an increase in government capital expenditure could slow down economic growth. The study analyses the contribution of government expenditure to the economic growth process in Nigeria over the period 1960-1992. keywords: capital; countries; current; development; expenditure; government; growth; investment; sector cache: sajems-2586.pdf plain text: sajems-2586.txt item: #293 of 660 id: sajems-2587 author: Wiesner, R.; Vermeulen, L. P.; Littler, C. R. title: Survivor syndrome: Effects on middle managers in South Africa date: 1999-09-30 words: 6888 flesch: 54 summary: The purpose of this article is to discuss the extent of survivor syndrome in organisations that have restructured and downsized in South Africa. We ask the questions: does downsizing inevitably result in high levels of survivor syndrome; which factors intensify and modify survivor syndrome; and is there a restructuring cycle? keywords: brockner; downsizing; effects; job; management; restructuring; south; survivor; syndrome cache: sajems-2587.pdf plain text: sajems-2587.txt item: #294 of 660 id: sajems-2588 author: Rousseau, G. G.; Venter, D. J. title: Measuring consumer attitudes toward money date: 1999-09-30 words: 5800 flesch: 62 summary: CONCEPTUALISATION OF ATTITUDES TO MONEY Many conceptualisation studies of money attitudes by economists (Finn, 1992), anthropologists (Crump, 1992), sociologists (Baker & Jimerson, 1992) and psychoanalysts (Bornemann, 1977 and Doyle, 1992) have despite their different approaches, concluded that understanding behaviour related to money is hardly rational; it is rather the result of powerful and often unrecognised (emotional) forces that reside deep in the psyches of individuals. EMPIRICAL STUDIES ON MONEY ATTITUDES Empirical research in the field has focused mainly on developing a suitable instrument for measuring money attitudes as well as comparing the attitudes of different cultural groups towards the construct. keywords: attitudes; factor; groups; income; money; scale cache: sajems-2588.pdf plain text: sajems-2588.txt item: #295 of 660 id: sajems-2589 author: Snaddon, D. R.; Probert, D. R. title: A theory for industrial make-buy decisions? date: 1999-09-30 words: 6380 flesch: 61 summary: However, there may be questions whether this theory enlarges, or conflicts with, neo-classical theorys. Penrose's theory is a growth dynamic theory whilst neo-classical theory is a static profit maximisation theory. keywords: buy; decision; factors; firm; managers; table; theory cache: sajems-2589.pdf plain text: sajems-2589.txt item: #296 of 660 id: sajems-2590 author: de Villiers, David title: Interest based bargaining: The role of the trust relationship between employer and employee date: 1999-09-30 words: 3849 flesch: 50 summary: Interest based bargaining developed as an approach to collective bargaining to meet the need for more productive and less costly alternatives. The paper then examines a number of cases where Interest Based Bargaining was used to create a positive, co-operative collective bargaining climate, and derives a number of guiding principles. keywords: bargaining; interest; parties; process; relationship; trust cache: sajems-2590.pdf plain text: sajems-2590.txt item: #297 of 660 id: sajems-2591 author: Turner, C. R.; Ortmann, G. F. title: Quality management amongst South African agribusiness firms: The role of ISO 9000 Quality Assurance Standards date: 1999-09-30 words: 9361 flesch: 51 summary: The result might be explained by the fact that alternative (substitute) quality assurance systems are in place in non-certified firms and at present these satisfy European customer requirements. However, there may be increasing pressure on non-certified firms to adopt the ISO 9000 standards as the future demand for such standards increases among importing countries. keywords: assurance; certification; companies; costs; finns; firms; iso; percent; quality; standards cache: sajems-2591.pdf plain text: sajems-2591.txt item: #298 of 660 id: sajems-2592 author: Olivier, M. J.; Rothmann, S. title: The stimulation of an internal locus of control in employees in a manufacturing industry date: 1999-09-30 words: 6031 flesch: 50 summary: According to Plug, Louw, Gouws and Meyer (1997) the concept locus of control is a personality dimension which has to do with the extent to which people feel that they themselves (internal control) or factors within the situation (external control) determine their behaviour. No 3 With reference to the development of an internal locus of control, Meichenbaum and Goodman (1971) found that the addition of explicit self-instruction to modelling techniques adds to a significant change in behaviour because the individual develops the sensation of internal control. keywords: control; group; locus; programme; self; training cache: sajems-2592.pdf plain text: sajems-2592.txt item: #299 of 660 id: sajems-2593 author: van Heerden, C. H. title: Developing a corporate image model date: 1999-09-30 words: 5823 flesch: 49 summary: 2.2 Corporate identity creates corporate image Bernstein (1986:39 & 40) explains that Corporate image is the net result of the interaction of all the experiences, beliefs, feelings, knowledge and impressions that people have about a corporation and •• identity means the sum of all the ways a corporation chooses to identifY itself to all its publics. 2.5 What is the marketing value of corporate image and identity? keywords: factor; identity; image; logo; marketing; research cache: sajems-2593.pdf plain text: sajems-2593.txt item: #300 of 660 id: sajems-2594 author: Okeahalam, Charles C. title: An econometric analysis of the impact of the RDP on the demand for construction materials in South Africa date: 1999-09-30 words: 5045 flesch: 53 summary: The coefficient for D-RDPXrO is significant, suggesting that the RDP will have an impact even if the trend in construction demand is constant at the underlying rate. This paper examines the expected demand for construction materials, assesses the supply capacity of South African suppliers of construction materials, and develops an econometric model which can be used to evaluate the impact that growth of the internal construction activity will have on construction industry suppliers. keywords: africa; construction; data; demand; materials; model; rdp cache: sajems-2594.pdf plain text: sajems-2594.txt item: #301 of 660 id: sajems-2595 author: Wolmarans, H. P. title: Financial management education: Is there a gap between academics and practitioners? date: 1999-09-30 words: 4736 flesch: 62 summary: Tables 2 and 3 give the relative rankings of financial topics by academics and financial directors respectively, indicated by the average score on a seven-point scale. No 3 531 If the fIrst ten places are compared, more topics are added to this list, namely, the time value of money (Q6), accounts receivable and inventory (Q20) and the cost of capital (QIl). keywords: finance; management; practitioners; topics cache: sajems-2595.pdf plain text: sajems-2595.txt item: #302 of 660 id: sajems-2596 author: Asante, S. K.B. title: Overcoming the development problem of the Nation-State in Africa through regionalism date: 2000-03-31 words: 8060 flesch: 39 summary: So much is this the case that nowhere in the world today, do the policy makers and economists tackle any problem of economic development without first taking into consideration theories and trends of economic integration both at home and abroad. Linking the concept of regionalism with development has become so important that scholars like John Sloan would prefer to substitute the term developmental regionalism for that of regional economic integration, because the latter, they contend, is imprecise, static, and irrelevant to the development issue (Sloan, 1971: 142). keywords: africa; cooperation; countries; development; economic; integration; regionalism; trade; world cache: sajems-2596.pdf plain text: sajems-2596.txt item: #303 of 660 id: sajems-2597 author: Brink, S.; Koekemoer, R. title: The economics of exchange rates: A South African model date: 2000-03-31 words: 11349 flesch: 59 summary: Such· tests of exchange rate models with sticky prices met with initial success, but eventually fell apart both in and out-of-sample (op. cit.: 11). Exchange rates thus adjust instantly, with the empirical implication that they may exhibit a degree of variability exceeding that of their underlying determinants (Frankel, 1980: 1). keywords: e gr; e p; equilibrium; exchange rate; li ce; model; nc e; run cache: sajems-2597.pdf plain text: sajems-2597.txt item: #304 of 660 id: sajems-2598 author: Torr, Christopher title: The Whig interpretation of history date: 2000-03-31 words: 2896 flesch: 63 summary: Butterfield (1944) later acknowledged that we all harbour some or other whig interpretation, and perhaps one of the chief virtues of Butterfield's original polemic was to draw attention to the fact that if we are writing whig history, we should be aware that we are so doing, and caution our readers accordingly. Whig history and the intellectual origins of the American revolution, Chapel Hill: North Carolina Press. keywords: butterfield; history; interpretation; whig cache: sajems-2598.pdf plain text: sajems-2598.txt item: #305 of 660 id: sajems-2599 author: Grote, M.; Schoeman, N. J.; Truu, M. L.; van Heerden, J. H.; van Tonder, J. J. title: Aspects of fiscal devolution in South Africa date: 2000-03-31 words: 6214 flesch: 50 summary: 5.1 Constitutional flaw The Katz Committee took the view (1998: 5) that the proposed surcharge ... contravenes the provisions of section 228( I) of the Constitution in that it effectively constitutes a flat rate surcharge on national tax rates as opposed to the constitutional requirement of the tax base (Le. taxable income). The redistribution of tax revenue between the national and provincial levels of government depends, at least partly, on whether or not a province is able to recoup the grant revenue it loses from the tax surcharge revenue it gains. keywords: government; national; provinces; south; surcharge; tax cache: sajems-2599.pdf plain text: sajems-2599.txt item: #306 of 660 id: sajems-2600 author: Brown, A.; Ortmann, G. F.; Darroch, M. A.G. title: Factors affecting the use of price risk management tools by large commercial maize producers in South Africa date: 2000-03-31 words: 8642 flesch: 54 summary: Price Risk Commercial School of Agricultural Sciences & Agribusiness, University· of Natal, Pietermaritzburg ABSTRACT Ordinary Least Squares regression was used to examine what characteristics affect the use of maize price risk management tools by a sample of large commercial South African maize producers in 1998. The more reliant the farm business is on maize for its income, the more likely it will be for any risk averse producer to use maize price risk management tools. keywords: farmers; forward; maize; management; management tools; marketing; price; price risk; producers; risk; risk management; tools; use cache: sajems-2600.pdf plain text: sajems-2600.txt item: #307 of 660 id: sajems-2601 author: Brand, H. E.; Wilson, J. title: The impact of organisational restructuring on organisation climate and employee attitudes date: 2000-03-31 words: 3879 flesch: 50 summary: It is widely accepted that an intervention such as organisation restructuring or change, can significantly contribute towards attitude changes among employees, which in turn affects employee loyalty, productivity and motivation either positively or negatively, depending on the nature and direction of the attitude changes (Donaldson, 1994; Heyrnans, 1997; Robbins, 1996). The results of the study also support the findings of Zimbardo and Leippe (1991) that organisation restructuring is often tantamount to radical organisation climate or culture changes, with accompanying employee feelings of insecurity, resulting in attitude shifts and changed perceptions of jobs and work. keywords: climate; employees; organisation; process; restructuring cache: sajems-2601.pdf plain text: sajems-2601.txt item: #308 of 660 id: sajems-2602 author: Mahadea, D. title: On the emergence of firms and sick institutions date: 2000-03-31 words: 6869 flesch: 53 summary: No 1 On the Emergence Institutions D Mahadea of Firms and Department of Economics, University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg ABSTRACT 109 Sick Organisations and firms are formed by people and entrepreneurs. Firms can become sick just as people do. keywords: costs; economic; environment; firm; market; organisation; transaction cache: sajems-2602.pdf plain text: sajems-2602.txt item: #309 of 660 id: sajems-2603 author: van Heerden, C. N.; Schreuder, A. N.; Gouverneur, M. title: Factors that determine the corporate image of South African fast food restaurants date: 2000-03-31 words: 5408 flesch: 53 summary: No 1 Four-factor solution for corporate identity variables of fast food restaurants Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4 0.816 807 0.748 0.611 0.552 0.828 0.540 0.834 0.616 7.048 1.379 1.135 1.112 Cumulative % of variance 35.24% ex lained 42.13% 47.80% 53.360/0 The following variables were not included because their loading were below 0.05: Honesty (B), Reputation (B), Attractiveness (V), Believability of advertisements (V) and Convenience (C) A set of bipolar adjectives was therefore used to test various visual, behavioural and core product elements of restaurant corporate image. keywords: factor; food; identity; nc e; visual cache: sajems-2603.pdf plain text: sajems-2603.txt item: #310 of 660 id: sajems-2606 author: Akpan, Imoh E. title: Regulation, deregulation and bank marketing in Nigeria date: 2000-03-31 words: 4768 flesch: 56 summary: Wadiri (1981), looking at the problem at an annual seminar organized by the Nigerian Institute of Bankers (NIB) in 1980, summarized it as follows: (a) poor counter services arising from a low degree of efficiency by bank officials and the inability of Nigerian banks to adopt innovations which have eased bank services elsewhere in the world; (b) indifferent and discourteous attitude of bank staff; (c) the absence of a convenient network of bank branches in most rural parts of the country; (d) the slow procedure in granting bank facilities; (e) cumbersome processes associated with the opening of accounts; (t) low capital base; R ep ro du ce d by S ab in et G at ew ay u nd er li ce nc e gr an te d by th e P ub lis he r (d at ed 2 00 9) . Mixed with the limited number of banks which made customers scramble for the existing few, the controls engendered an uncaring attitude in bank staff, who would rather delight in long customer queues and an enormous bureaucracy in bank transactions. keywords: banking; banks; deregulation; development; marketing cache: sajems-2606.pdf plain text: sajems-2606.txt item: #311 of 660 id: sajems-2607 author: Fényes, T. I.; Lalthapersad, P. title: The casualization of black female labour in South Africa date: 2000-06-30 words: 8030 flesch: 60 summary: Also in manufacturing industry black women are responsible for the safety of others. Such information exposes the nature of work black women do, whether they have to contend with dangerous, exploitative working conditions, the health and safety of workers and their place in the job hierarchy. keywords: e p; industries; jobs; manufacturing; nc e; retail; women; work cache: sajems-2607.pdf plain text: sajems-2607.txt item: #312 of 660 id: sajems-2608 author: Simukonda, Pacharo H. title: The labour supply conditions for the transformation of peasant agriculture in Africa: Lessons from a Malawian experience date: 2000-06-30 words: 11046 flesch: 53 summary: How far this simultaneous production arrangement could serve the interests of scheme commodity production is not obvious. And scheme commodity production was certainly no substitute for livestock production, for instance, as the latter was to a significant extent socially determined. keywords: cent; commodity; development; farmers; income; labour; land; level; peasant; production; scheme; time cache: sajems-2608.pdf plain text: sajems-2608.txt item: #313 of 660 id: sajems-2609 author: Schoeman, N. J.; Clausen Robinson, Z.; de Wet, T. J. title: Foreign direct investment flows and fiscal discipline in South Africa date: 2000-06-30 words: 4073 flesch: 54 summary: Not only has the ability of governments to tax capital diminished, tax competition has also led to a global reduction of profit taxes (Abedian, 1998: 24). However, the tax burden is still relatively high and, due to its impact on foreign direct capital flows, requires urgent attention. keywords: africa; capital; fdi; foreign; investment; south; tax cache: sajems-2609.pdf plain text: sajems-2609.txt item: #314 of 660 id: sajems-2610 author: Ilorah, Richard title: A classification of different phases of development in the export sector of Nigerian agriculture date: 2000-06-30 words: 11060 flesch: 62 summary: Non-agricultural goods, including imported ones, acquired by fanners through the exploitation of the surplus productive capacity are regarded as a clear net gain attained merely by putting extra labour and land into export crops production. Obviously, increases in labour and land alone cannot explain the remarkable increases in Nigerian export crops production during the peak phase. keywords: cocoa; crops; export; farmers; nigerian; output; palm; percent; period; production; rubber; tons cache: sajems-2610.pdf plain text: sajems-2610.txt item: #315 of 660 id: sajems-2611 author: Lubbe, B. title: The changing role of the travel intermediary date: 2000-06-30 words: 7096 flesch: 54 summary: This article gives an overview of the changes and developments in the travel industry and the way travel intennediaries like travel agents are responding to them. The responses by travel agents include rapid integration and consolidation within the industry, the use of technology to streamline operations and expand market reach, and the review of traditional revenue models to make way for new approaches to revenue generation. keywords: africa; agencies; agents; airlines; distribution; industry; south; technology; tourism; travel cache: sajems-2611.pdf plain text: sajems-2611.txt item: #316 of 660 id: sajems-2612 author: van der Merwe, R. P. title: The application of psychometric tests in human resource management date: 2000-06-30 words: 6641 flesch: 55 summary: Information was gathered to establish which psychometric tests are presently used, and for what purpose. The role of psychometric tests in the selection procedure is discussed, as well as the levels at which the tests were applied. keywords: organisation; selection; testing; tests; use cache: sajems-2612.pdf plain text: sajems-2612.txt item: #317 of 660 id: sajems-2613 author: Pienaar, A. J.; Shotter, M. title: A South African perspective on the existence of an interest tax shield date: 2000-06-30 words: 4205 flesch: 62 summary: The following four studies have directly or indirectly investigated the effect of the use of debt on the value of South African companies. 4.2 Davidson and Rapp Davidson and Rapp (1995: 90) made an inquiry into the use of debt amongst South African companies. keywords: capital; company; debt; interest; south; tax cache: sajems-2613.pdf plain text: sajems-2613.txt item: #318 of 660 id: sajems-2614 author: Struwig, F. W.; Smith, E. E. title: The organisational culture types of South African firms date: 2000-06-30 words: 4808 flesch: 56 summary: 2.4 Types of organisational culture Although F ombrum (1983: 139) asserts that the culture of each finn is unique in scope and content, some researchers (see e.g. Deshpande & Parasuraman, 1986; Kono, 1990; Rue & Holland, 1986 and Silvester & Anderson, 1999) divide organisational cultures into various types. Figure 2 shows the classification of organisational culture types. keywords: culture; firm; power; role; task; types cache: sajems-2614.pdf plain text: sajems-2614.txt item: #319 of 660 id: sajems-2615 author: Olivier, I.; Fletcher, M. title: Atmospherics and the establishment of long-term customer relationships in a retail environment date: 2000-06-30 words: 3510 flesch: 50 summary: INFLUENCE OF CONSUMER MOOD ON EXPENDITURE AND SATISFACTION Several rationa1es support a relationship between positive emotions and purchasing. Visitors to shopping centres, who had experimentally induced positive moods, tended to make a greater number of purchases than those whose mood had not been altered (Isen, 1987). keywords: behaviour; consumer; environment; mood; odour; store cache: sajems-2615.pdf plain text: sajems-2615.txt item: #320 of 660 id: sajems-2616 author: Wyk, R. van; Boshoff, A. B. title: The relationships of type A behaviour, organisational and personality variables among pharmacists and accountants: A further analysis date: 2000-06-30 words: 7885 flesch: 58 summary: The Locus of Control and Self-Concept variables seem to be quite consistently related to Type A Behaviour variables, as was also observed by Van Wyk et al. (1999a). The relationship between Achievement Type A and Internal Locus of Control is confinned by Furnham (1983), Volkmer and Feather (1991) and Spector and O'Connell (1994), reporting common variances of respectively 7.3,22,1 and 3.2 per cent. keywords: job; type; variable cache: sajems-2616.pdf plain text: sajems-2616.txt item: #321 of 660 id: sajems-2617 author: Saayman, Andrea; Saayman, Melville; Naudé, Wim title: The impact of tourist spending in South Africa: Spatial implications date: 2000-09-30 words: 6165 flesch: 58 summary: No 3 378 important finding is that the overall multiplier effect of domestic tourism is not significantly different from that of international tourism. No 3 The Impact of Tourist Spending in South Africa: Spatial Implications Andrea Saayman, Melville Saayman and Wim Naude Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, Potchefstroom University for CHE ABSTRACT In South Africa tourism is regarded as a growth catalyst and a contributor towards the economic upliftment of poorer regions. keywords: africa; development; impact; south; spending; table; tourism cache: sajems-2617.pdf plain text: sajems-2617.txt item: #322 of 660 id: sajems-2618 author: Vermeulen, Leopold; Wiesner, Retha title: Downsizing and the survivor syndrome: The South African case date: 2000-09-30 words: 5694 flesch: 58 summary: 24 STEVENSON, M. (1998) Career Transition Counselling, People Dynamics, October, 16(10): 40-7. 25 SWART, H. (1998) Staatsdiens se Personeeltal het Met 150 000 Gekrimp, Sake-Beeld, April 15, 8. 26 THOMAS, W. (1996) Downsizing Survivor Syndrome, Proceedings of the 1996 National Occupational Stress Conference: 197-99. Downsizing survivor syndrome The toll of job elimination and downsizing on human resources in a company is often extremely negative. keywords: downsizing; public; sector; south; survivor; syndrome cache: sajems-2618.pdf plain text: sajems-2618.txt item: #323 of 660 id: sajems-2619 author: Stuart, R. A.; Black, P. A. title: External shocks, financial markets and the real economy: Policy options in South Africa date: 2000-09-30 words: 4434 flesch: 51 summary: The additional domestic borrowing and spot purchases of dollars would increase the pressure on both interest rates and exchange rates. From a practical point of view, however, it may be argued that some form of intervention should be considered, and the question that needs to be addressed concerns the extent of intervention in the money and foreign exchange markets that should be undertaken in an attempt to affect the relative magnitudes of changes in short term interest rates and the exchange rate. keywords: exchange; exchange rate; interest; interest rates; market; rate cache: sajems-2619.pdf plain text: sajems-2619.txt item: #324 of 660 id: sajems-2620 author: Breytenbach, A.; North, E. J. title: The role of marketing and advertising in the legal profession date: 2000-09-30 words: 3157 flesch: 58 summary: Churchill and Peter (1998: 288) summarise the nature and importance of services marketing as follows: ... The above-mentioned problems and other factors that hamper the positive communication of legal services (such as a lack of marketing knowledge, and the strict professional code of the profession) emphasise the need for legal firms to engage in sound and effective marketing practices. keywords: advertising; attorneys; firms; marketing; services; use cache: sajems-2620.pdf plain text: sajems-2620.txt item: #325 of 660 id: sajems-2621 author: Jooste, A.; Groenewald, J. A. title: Market information to promote agricultural investment: The challenge date: 2000-09-30 words: 5255 flesch: 49 summary: He also argues that differences in human capital could easily lead to the exclusion of certain users in information markets. The very nature of intersectoral agricultural linkages, as well as the differences that exist amongst specific interest groups suggest that information needs are likely to differ. keywords: africa; information; market; needs; south; vol cache: sajems-2621.pdf plain text: sajems-2621.txt item: #326 of 660 id: sajems-2622 author: Basdevant, Olivier; de Wet, Theuns title: Debt sustainability and exchange stabilisation: Towards a new theory date: 2000-09-30 words: 3491 flesch: 60 summary: These imbalances may give rise to destabilising movements in exchange rates and may also increase protectionist pressures. This study does not analyse debt sustainability in the long run only, but also motivates the need to keep exchange rate expectations constant in the short run, especially in the case where a country's debt significantly comprises foreign debt. keywords: debt; exchange; exchange rate; rate; sustainability cache: sajems-2622.pdf plain text: sajems-2622.txt item: #327 of 660 id: sajems-2623 author: Coldwell, D. A.L. title: Factors influencing perceptions and expectations of corporate social performance in South Africa: An exploratory empirical study date: 2000-09-30 words: 4380 flesch: 58 summary: This suggests that for white females business in South Africa is perceived as acting socially responsibly. 1 INTRODUCTION The importance of ethics in business has never been greater than today both within South Africa and overseas. keywords: business; csp; expectations; gender cache: sajems-2623.pdf plain text: sajems-2623.txt item: #328 of 660 id: sajems-2624 author: McCoy, S.; du Plessis, P. J. title: The role of exhibitions in the marketing mix in South Africa date: 2000-09-30 words: 3765 flesch: 49 summary: The feedback of leading South African, and effectively southern African, exhibition organisers is typical of the current status of the industry and the perceived role that it plays in the marketing mix in this region. Exhibition organisers feel that this problem condemns an exhibition campaIgn even before it has started. keywords: business; exhibitions; marketing; medium; research; south cache: sajems-2624.pdf plain text: sajems-2624.txt item: #329 of 660 id: sajems-2625 author: Umoh, Gabriel S. title: Formal rural financial markets in Nigeria: An attractive or deceptive development alternative? date: 2000-09-30 words: 6259 flesch: 50 summary: 2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND LITERATURE REVIEW Frequent reference is made in this paper to the following terminology: Rural financial markets (RFMs) or rural financial institutions (RFls), which embrace both formal rural financial markets (FRFMs) or institutions (FRFls), and informal rural financial markets (lRFMs) or institutions (IRFIs). An attempt to answer these important questions, has been the basis for assessing the performance of formal rural financial institutions. keywords: areas; bank; credit; development; institutions; loans; markets; nigeria; outreach cache: sajems-2625.pdf plain text: sajems-2625.txt item: #330 of 660 id: sajems-2626 author: Gay, S. H.; Nieuwoudt, W. L. title: Influences of the free trade agreement between South Africa and the European Union on the South African fresh orange industry date: 2000-09-30 words: 5675 flesch: 69 summary: South Africa is generally a price taker on the European market but during the months of July until October South Africa can influence EU prices significantly. Khuele and Darroch (1997) estimate the export supply elasticity for South African oranges to the United Kingdom at 0.248. keywords: african; exchange; model; oranges; price; production; rate; south cache: sajems-2626.pdf plain text: sajems-2626.txt item: #331 of 660 id: sajems-2627 author: Summers, Lawrence H. title: The challenge of forward progress in South Africa and across the region date: 2000-09-30 words: 4144 flesch: 62 summary: There is almost no question that the next two or three decades will see substantial convergence between the economy of South Africa and the other economies of sub-Saharan Africa. Let me conclude by just stressing three themes in economic development policy that I think are perhaps less centrally stressed and less frequently stressed by those concerned with finance and economics, but that I believe are crucial if South Africa and sub-Saharan Africa are to succeed in the future. keywords: africa; country; education; south cache: sajems-2627.pdf plain text: sajems-2627.txt item: #332 of 660 id: sajems-2628 author: Spindler, Zane A. title: The political economy of capital gains taxation in South Africa - Part I: The public finance of capital gains taxation date: 2001-03-31 words: 11237 flesch: 57 summary: Taxing this gain is equivalent to attempting to tax income at a higher rate if saved (invested) than if consumed. 4 This example, with a slight change in identity to protect or impugn the innocent, was told to me by C. Prlsman of Cape Town, who further states: Of course, the revenue department was seeking to tax income and to treat the whole venture as a profit making exercise - but how could it be? keywords: capital; capital gains; cgt; gains; income; market; tax; taxation; value cache: sajems-2628.pdf plain text: sajems-2628.txt item: #333 of 660 id: sajems-2629 author: Rothmann, S. title: Sense of coherence, locus of control, self-efficacy and job satisfaction date: 2001-03-31 words: 9751 flesch: 51 summary: Although global job satisfaction is not related to job performance, there are strong relationships between job satisfaction and organisational citizenship R ep ro du ce d by S ab in et G at ew ay u nd er li ce nc e gr an te d by th e P ub lis he r (d at ed 2 00 9) . Sense of coherence, locus of control and self-efficacy were found to be related constructs, but only sense of coherence and locus of control were significantly related to job satisfaction. keywords: coherence; control; correlation; efficacy; external; internal; job; job satisfaction; locus; satisfaction; self; sense cache: sajems-2629.pdf plain text: sajems-2629.txt item: #334 of 660 id: sajems-2630 author: Pretorius, Elna; du Toit, Charlotte title: An empirical capital market rate function for South Africa date: 2001-03-31 words: 9299 flesch: 57 summary: Reinvestment risk is the variability in the reinvestment rate of a given strategy because of changes in market interest rates (Fabozzi & Modigliani, 1996: 5). In practice, money flows in large amounts from lenders to different borrowers on the basis of fairly small changes in interest rates. keywords: african; capital; interest rate; international; market; rates; securities; south; term interest; term rate cache: sajems-2630.pdf plain text: sajems-2630.txt item: #335 of 660 id: sajems-2631 author: Adawo, M. A. title: Women in agriculture and appropriate technology in Nigeria date: 2001-03-31 words: 3180 flesch: 52 summary: In livestock farming women are not left out. The mean value of women participation in agriculture is approximately 60 per cent. keywords: agriculture; cent; food; nigeria; technology; women cache: sajems-2631.pdf plain text: sajems-2631.txt item: #336 of 660 id: sajems-2632 author: Terblanche, N. S.; Boshoff, C. title: The measurement of consumer satisfaction with selected elements of the total retail experience: An exploratory study of fast food and supermarket retailers date: 2001-03-31 words: 6052 flesch: 53 summary: Apart from the common dimensions that are likely to be shared by pure service environments and retail environments, this instrument also captures additional dimensions of retail service quality unique to the retail environment. No 1 2.3 Perceived product quality as a dimension oftbe total retail experience Perceived product quality has been identified as a detenninant of a consumer's perceived value of a product (Dodds, Monroe & Grewal, 1991; Kerin, Jain & Howard, 1992: 382) and will therefore have an influence on the TRE of a consumer. keywords: consumer; experience; food; quality; satisfaction; service; variety cache: sajems-2632.pdf plain text: sajems-2632.txt item: #337 of 660 id: sajems-2633 author: Brand, H. E.; Stoltz, S. title: An analysis of affirmative action in a South African public sector department date: 2001-03-31 words: 4616 flesch: 51 summary: Clause 9(2) of the Constitution addresses the issue of affirmative action and clearly indicates that affirmative action does not infringe on a person's fundamental right not to be discriminated against on the basis of race, sex, religion, etc. According to Gerber, Nel and van Dyk (1998), the broad concept of affirmative action can be viewed as an instrument in the process of national reconstruction or even transformation, to eliminate the inequality due to discrimination in the past. keywords: action; action process; department; perceptions; process; respondents cache: sajems-2633.pdf plain text: sajems-2633.txt item: #338 of 660 id: sajems-2634 author: Birkholtz, M.; Rousseau, G. G. title: Attitudes towards credit buying among the youth: An exploratory study date: 2001-03-31 words: 5982 flesch: 61 summary: The main objective of the study is to investigate attitudes of young consumers towards credit purchasing behaviour by means of store charge cards. Results indicate that young consumers differ across gender, age, and home language in terms of attitudes towards credit. keywords: account; attitudes; credit; debt; factor; table cache: sajems-2634.pdf plain text: sajems-2634.txt item: #339 of 660 id: sajems-2635 author: Malan, C. W.; Breitenbach, M. C. title: Youth participation in the economy date: 2001-03-31 words: 13874 flesch: 53 summary: 8 LIVELmOOD AND EMPLOYMENT ISSUES IN SOUTH AFRICA8 There is substantial political commitment by the NYC in South Africa to award youth livelihood and self-employment skills development priority. The lessons learned from these experiences, placed in the context of the livelihood conditions, circumstances and capabilities of young men and women, have the potential to lead to the development of a coherent non-formal training programme framework for the development of youth livelihood, enterprise and employment capabilities. keywords: africa; cent; development; e gr; e p; employment; government; livelihoods; national; nc e; people; situation; skills; youth cache: sajems-2635.pdf plain text: sajems-2635.txt item: #340 of 660 id: sajems-2636 author: Frank, Ashley G. title: Is the South African business cycle time dependent? date: 2001-03-31 words: 4616 flesch: 64 summary: Business cycles refer to short-run fluctuations in general prices which are characterized by business prosperity, recession, depression and recovery (James, 1958). Early on, Irving Fisher (1925) argued that business cycles had no such tendency, but rather resembled Monte Carlo cycles, the phantom cycles of luck perceived by gamblers at a casino. keywords: business; cycle; duration; function; hazard; probability cache: sajems-2636.pdf plain text: sajems-2636.txt item: #341 of 660 id: sajems-2637 author: Fourie, D. J. title: Mechanisms to improve citizen participation in government and its administration date: 2001-03-31 words: 7334 flesch: 50 summary: The dynamics and the relationships of citizen participation on all levels are unique, due to the fact that many problems and solutions have their roots in the activities of local government and its administration. The dynamics and the relationship of citizen participation on all levels of government are unique due to the fact that many problems and solutions have their roots in public administration activities. keywords: administration; citizen; community; government; participation; people; public cache: sajems-2637.pdf plain text: sajems-2637.txt item: #342 of 660 id: sajems-2638 author: Human, J. S.; Shotter, M. title: Factors contributing to the success of benchmarking: A South African perspective date: 2001-03-31 words: 5376 flesch: 45 summary: No 1 Factors Contributing to the Success of Benchmarking: A South African Perspective JSHuman Momentum Group Limited, Centurion M Shotter School of Accountancy, University of Pretoria ABSTRACT This study aims to identify the factors that have an influence on the success of benchmarking projects, and finds that listed South African manufacturing companies achieve a high degree of success with their benchmarking projects. 3 FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE SUCCESS OF BENCHMARKING A literature review of case studies and surveys conducted in Europe, the USA and Japan indicates that a number of factors have contributed to the success of benchmarking projects. keywords: benchmarking; companies; company; factors; information; partners; project; success cache: sajems-2638.pdf plain text: sajems-2638.txt item: #343 of 660 id: sajems-2639 author: Spindler, Zane A. title: The political economy of capital gains taxation in South Africa - Part II: The public choice of capital gains taxation and public policy date: 2001-06-30 words: 8863 flesch: 57 summary: However, we also must stress that this may not be an avoidable cost and that efficient political parties and political interest groups will have a joint interest in minimizing such costs, if they can capture and share the resulting surplus. It is, of course, in the interest of a country with a high tax regime, that other countries co-ordinate their taxes and tax rates with theirs so as to reduce avoidance by their citizens moving their capital and/or themselves to countries with more favourable tax regimes (See Jones, 2000). keywords: africa; capital; cgt; government; interest; public; south; tax cache: sajems-2639.pdf plain text: sajems-2639.txt item: #344 of 660 id: sajems-264 author: Lubbe, Sam; Jokonya, Osden title: Using information technology governance, risk management and compliance (GRC) as a creator of business values – a case study date: 2011-08-12 words: 6444 flesch: 51 summary: IT GRC is seen as a framework that ensures that IT decisions consider the business goals and values. No 1 115 Using information technology governance, risk management and compliance (grc) as a creator of bUsiness valUes – a case stUdy Osden Jokonya and Sam Lubbe School of Computing, UNISA Abstract The relationship between information technology (IT) governance, risk management and compliance (GRC) and organisation business values continues to interest academics and practitioners (IT Governance Institute, 2003). keywords: business; business values; cent; departments; grc; organisation; respondents; results; units; values cache: sajems-264.pdf plain text: sajems-264.txt item: #345 of 660 id: sajems-2640 author: Koornhof, Carolina title: A systems approach to research inquiry in accounting: A research note date: 2001-06-30 words: 3395 flesch: 47 summary: From a methodological perspective, Accounting research therefore has a narrow base (Tomkins and Groves, 1983). One result is that Accounting research is still dominated by ontological and epistemological assumptions acceptable within the founal scientific method. keywords: accounting; mitroff; model; research cache: sajems-2640.pdf plain text: sajems-2640.txt item: #346 of 660 id: sajems-2641 author: Bothma, L. J.; Thomas, K. title: The enforcement of the BCEA and waiters: Will they gain or lose? date: 2001-06-30 words: 3641 flesch: 71 summary: LAWS vs. REST AURANTS: DISCREPANCIES As seen from the results, it appears that there are wide discrepancies between the stipulations of the BCEA and the actual working conditions of restaurant waiters in Bloemfontein. No 2 The Enforcement of the BCEA and Waiters: Will They Gain or Lose? keywords: hours; waiters; week; working cache: sajems-2641.pdf plain text: sajems-2641.txt item: #347 of 660 id: sajems-2642 author: North, Ernest; Poggio, Brenda title: Consumer socialization agents for young children: An exploratory study date: 2001-06-30 words: 5219 flesch: 59 summary: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The execution and results of this exploratory study confirm that it is a challenging task to research children. Although marketers in South Africa are beginning to realise that the youth market is a segment that cannot be ignored, only a limited number of studies have thus far been conducted to examine the consumer behaviour of children. keywords: behaviour; children; consumer; family; mcneal; mothers; research; shopping; socialization cache: sajems-2642.pdf plain text: sajems-2642.txt item: #348 of 660 id: sajems-2643 author: de Villiers, J. U. title: A financial model to determine the distortions in Economic Value Added (EVA) caused by inflation date: 2001-06-30 words: 7244 flesch: 69 summary: Current assets and non-depreciable assets have wound-up values equal to the initial investment in real terms, In any year n of the project initiated in year k, the annual cash flow (Fn,k) consists of the cash received minus the cash paid out during that year. In any year n of the project started in year k, the taxable income of the ftrm equals annual sales (S •. t) minus the deductible expenses. keywords: assets; eva; firm; project; value; year cache: sajems-2643.pdf plain text: sajems-2643.txt item: #349 of 660 id: sajems-2644 author: Ngqaka, Kaya title: Economic basics of tourism date: 2001-06-30 words: 3893 flesch: 50 summary: While it is acknowledged that tourism development is one of the growth options for these countries, it is a policy often pursued against a background of a narrow resource base and serious balance of payments difficulties. Tourism development in these countries has often reflected these priorities. keywords: countries; development; industry; jobs; tourism cache: sajems-2644.pdf plain text: sajems-2644.txt item: #350 of 660 id: sajems-2645 author: Groenewald, J. A.; Frick, A. title: South African farmers' needs of agricultural data date: 2001-06-30 words: 5980 flesch: 57 summary: Mail surveys have previously been used to determine agricultural data needs in other countries too, for example, the USA (Ebling & Ahlgren, 1954: 1226-39; Blanch, 1955: 1038-46; American Agricultural Economics Association Committee on Economic Statistics, 1972: 1072) and New Zealand (New Zealand, 1998: 10). No 2 need for accurate and valid data, there is a lack of documented evidence on the actual requirements of those who need agricultural data (Barnard, 1979: 74; Russel, 1983: 40). keywords: agricultural; cent; data; information; respondents; statistics cache: sajems-2645.pdf plain text: sajems-2645.txt item: #351 of 660 id: sajems-2646 author: Theron, S. W.; Viljoen, M. R. title: An affirmative action audit for affirmative change: A management perspective date: 2001-06-30 words: 4427 flesch: 53 summary: Human (1993) views affirmative action as temporary intervention designed to achieve equal employment opportunity, without lowering standards and unduly trammelling the career aspirations or expectations of current organisational members competent in their jobs. No 2 The RDP endorses affirmative action to empower communities and individuals from previously disadvantaged groups in society. keywords: action; company; groups; management; years cache: sajems-2646.pdf plain text: sajems-2646.txt item: #352 of 660 id: sajems-2647 author: Mostert, J. H.; Steel, S. J.; Mostert, F. J. title: Portfolio management practices of investment practitioners active in the long-term insurance industry date: 2001-06-30 words: 5546 flesch: 48 summary: These practices are of prime importance to the long-term insurance industry as they provide the basis for financial investment decisions. The majority of financial investment decisions taken in respect of long-term insurance assets are therefore based on the research R ep ro du ce d by S ab in et G at ew ay u nd er li ce nc e gr an te d by th e P ub lis he r (d at ed 2 00 9) . keywords: companies; investment; number; portfolio; practitioners cache: sajems-2647.pdf plain text: sajems-2647.txt item: #353 of 660 id: sajems-2649 author: Struwig, F. W.; Smith, E. E.; Venter, D. J. title: The learning organisation: A means of facilitating training for change in South African organisations date: 2001-06-30 words: 6562 flesch: 50 summary: Traditional versus learning organisations Function Traditional organisations Learning organisations Detennine overall Vision provided by top Shared vision emerges from direction ! Senge (1997: 4) maintains that learning organisations are possible because all people are learners. keywords: change; learning; learning organisation; new; organisation; training cache: sajems-2649.pdf plain text: sajems-2649.txt item: #354 of 660 id: sajems-2650 author: Hall, J. H. title: Risk analysis and evaluation of capital investment projects date: 2001-06-30 words: 5344 flesch: 52 summary: Academics have, over the years, pleaded the use of more sophisticated approaches to capital investment analysis, and it has been strongly suggested that adjustments for risk should be made. There are different methods to evaluate capital investment decisions. keywords: analysis; capital; capital investment; companies; investment; risk cache: sajems-2650.pdf plain text: sajems-2650.txt item: #355 of 660 id: sajems-2651 author: Hall, J. H. title: Investigating aspects of the capital budgeting process used in the evaluation of investment projects date: 2000-09-30 words: 5420 flesch: 55 summary: Further, in the evaluation of capital investment projects, South African companies seem to prefer Return on Investment and Internal Rate of Return as methods to determine the feasibility of a project. This resulted in vast expansions of capital investment projects as many companies increased their production capacities at home and abroad. keywords: budgeting; capital; investment; project cache: sajems-2651.pdf plain text: sajems-2651.txt item: #356 of 660 id: sajems-2653 author: Scholtz, F. J. title: The reaction to globalisation: A case of the "true believer"? date: 2001-09-30 words: 3301 flesch: 60 summary: When the editorship started planning this special issue some 18 months ago, there were in excess of 700 titles on the topic of globalisation available on the website of Amazon.com. The decision to devote an entire issue of SAJEMS to globalisation did not flow from a need to investigate a new field in the political economy, but was rather intended to contextuaIise the effects of globalisation for the Southern African region. keywords: globalisation; protesters; sajems; world cache: sajems-2653.pdf plain text: sajems-2653.txt item: #357 of 660 id: sajems-2654 author: van der Hoek, M. P. title: Post-Soviet globalisation date: 2001-09-30 words: 6123 flesch: 64 summary: Growth per- spectives for OECD countries are bleak, while non-OECD countries grow fast at high environmental costs. OECD countries have similar endowments of high- skilled labor and capital, while non-OECD countries have similar endowments of low-skilled labor. keywords: countries; globalisation; growth; oecd; scenario; trade; union; world cache: sajems-2654.pdf plain text: sajems-2654.txt item: #358 of 660 id: sajems-2655 author: Sadie, J. L. title: The demography of globalisation date: 2001-09-30 words: 8614 flesch: 58 summary: The arrearage of E countries in respect of this fans et origo of economic growth and development spells an insufficiency of enterprise to produce the tradeable goods and services required, or to create job opportunities adequate to prevent large scale unemployment and/or underemployment and poverty. If E countries have well-educated and -trained labour, whose potential compara- tive advantage is not negated by wage levels not related to volume of supplies, they may attract entrepreneurs from I countries whose employment creation will reduce the inducement and the outward movement. keywords: africa; countries; globalisation; labour; ldrs; mdrs; migration; population; south; world cache: sajems-2655.pdf plain text: sajems-2655.txt item: #359 of 660 id: sajems-2656 author: Schrire, Robert A. title: Globalisation: The political dynamics date: 2001-09-30 words: 5754 flesch: 55 summary: The conflicts will not be based upon traditional state conflicts or ideologies but upon a clash of civilisa- tions. More generally, the problem lies in the failure of states to develop a mechanism for global political governance. keywords: economy; globalisation; market; power; states; system; united; world cache: sajems-2656.pdf plain text: sajems-2656.txt item: #360 of 660 id: sajems-2657 author: Brink, S. M. title: Some perspectives on globalisation date: 2001-09-30 words: 8188 flesch: 49 summary: In virtually every year since the Second World War, the growth in international trade has outstripped the expansion in world gross domestic product (GDP). The size, direction and composition of FDI affect the size, direction and composition of world trade and vice versa. keywords: capital; countries; economies; fdi; globalisation; growth; investment; technology; trade; world cache: sajems-2657.pdf plain text: sajems-2657.txt item: #361 of 660 id: sajems-2658 author: Asante, S. K.B. title: Africa and the challenges of globalisation: Agenda for action date: 2001-09-30 words: 8020 flesch: 48 summary: Given the importance of trade and foreign direct investment (FOI) flows in stimulating and facilitating technological innovations, the impli- cation of this marginalisation is that African countries and the other least devel- oped countries will fall even further behind the rest of the world in terms of their technological capacities. Against this background, African countries are faced with the challenge of striving to reduce their protectionist measures and reform the trade policies that have been a major factor in Africa's declining share in world trade over the past decade. keywords: africa; challenges; countries; economic; economy; globalisation; investment; new; policies; trade; world cache: sajems-2658.pdf plain text: sajems-2658.txt item: #362 of 660 id: sajems-2659 author: Naudé, Willem; Krugell, Waldo title: Global integration of Africa versus regional integration in Africa date: 2001-09-30 words: 4944 flesch: 52 summary: From this literature, it seems fair to draw out the follow- ing stylised facts of African regional integration. No 3 The conclusion from the above analysis, when combined with the stylised facts on African regional integration is that regional integration schemes amongst Af- rican countries could lead to divergence in incomes due to agglomeration forces, as well as the comparative advantages that will be enjoyed be only a few coun- tries. keywords: african; countries; economic; growth; integration; regional; trade cache: sajems-2659.pdf plain text: sajems-2659.txt item: #363 of 660 id: sajems-2660 author: Maasdorp, Gavin title: Globalisation, economic policy and the new dualism in the South African economy date: 2001-09-30 words: 8880 flesch: 56 summary: By contrast, a survey (Statistics South Africa, 2000) found that ine- quality between the richest and poorest On the basis of pay increased between 1994-99. Measuring Poverty in South Af rica Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. 28 TODARO, M.P. (1971) Income Expectations, Rural-Urban Migration and Employment in Africa, International Labour Review, 104 (5), 391- 95,411-13. keywords: africa; countries; development; economy; growth; labour; poor; poverty; sector; south; trade cache: sajems-2660.pdf plain text: sajems-2660.txt item: #364 of 660 id: sajems-2661 author: Gidlow, R. M. title: Foreign capital flows and economic policies in South Africa date: 2001-09-30 words: 8683 flesch: 50 summary: The desire to attract such foreign capital also helps to explain why privatisation of state assets is sweeping through some of these countries. This has accordingly raised questions concerning the appropriate mix of economic policies which should be adopted to discourage periodic large out- flows on the capital account of the balance of payments, while encouraging in- flows of foreign capital. keywords: africa; balance; capital; countries; exchange; rand; south; south africa; tax cache: sajems-2661.pdf plain text: sajems-2661.txt item: #365 of 660 id: sajems-2662 author: Heath, E. title: Globalisation of the tourism industry: Future trends and challenges for South Africa date: 2001-09-30 words: 12171 flesch: 52 summary: The pressure of globalisation is having a major impact on tourism destinations throughout the world. • Consumers will place increasing importance on sustainable tourism devel- opment and ethical business practices when deciding on tourism destinations and the tourism facilities they patronise. keywords: destinations; e gr; e p; future; global; industry; key; li ce; nc e; new; sajems; tourism; travel; world cache: sajems-2662.pdf plain text: sajems-2662.txt item: #366 of 660 id: sajems-2663 author: Fedderke, Jobannes; Pirouz, Farah title: The role of mining in the South African economy date: 2002-03-31 words: 12741 flesch: 57 summary: The three aggre,ate mining sectors: Coal, Gold and Uranium, and Diamond and Other Mining are analysed in terms of their contribution to total value added in the South African economy, total tax revenue, and export earnings. The evidence of the present section is thus more consistent with an interpretation that suggests that the rising real wage in mining sectors has led to labour shedding, and an effort on the part of mining to increase average labour productivity in order to justify the higher wage structure. keywords: coal mining; economy; employment; gold; gold mining; labour; mining sector; output; real; sectors; south; uranium mining cache: sajems-2663.pdf plain text: sajems-2663.txt item: #367 of 660 id: sajems-2664 author: Basson, M.; Rothmann, S. title: Sense of coherence, coping and burnout of pharmacists date: 2002-03-31 words: 9860 flesch: 54 summary: Sense of coherence and coping strategies explained 44 per cent, 35 per cent and 41 per cent of the variance in emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment respectively. Practically significant:/2 ~ 0.35 (large effect) Table 6 demonstrates that the independent variables (including sense of coherence and coping strategies) predict a total of 44 per cent of the variance in emotional exhaustion of pharmacists (as measured by the MBI). keywords: accomplishment; burnout; coherence; coping; depersonalisation; exhaustion; pharmacists; sense cache: sajems-2664.pdf plain text: sajems-2664.txt item: #368 of 660 id: sajems-2665 author: Ilorah, Richard title: Examining the crises in the food sector of Nigerian agriculture date: 2002-03-31 words: 10258 flesch: 54 summary: Sadly though, investments in government owned and managed projects (irrigation facilities, agricultural banks, food farms, roots and grain producing establishments, etc.) continued to be prioritized in government agricultural budget allocations. Among the reasons for lack of reliable data on food output is the fact that the marketing of food is not as officially organized as is the marketing of cash crops (primary export commodities). keywords: country; farmers; farming; farms; food; government; imports; land; nigeria; output; policy; production; productivity cache: sajems-2665.pdf plain text: sajems-2665.txt item: #369 of 660 id: sajems-2666 author: Frank, Ashley G. title: Style action and emerging-market securities imperfections: An Asean study date: 2002-03-31 words: 9350 flesch: 64 summary: Growth styles, as shown in Table 3, are at their least volatile in a bear market. No 1 99 Table 3 Volatility of growth styles Style Market Phase Early Bull Late Bull Flat Bear EPS growth 23 62 0 100 Sustainable growth rate 68 50 23 72 Total assets growth 0 keywords: bull; e gr; e p; equity; growth; market; nc e; rate; returns; styles; value cache: sajems-2666.pdf plain text: sajems-2666.txt item: #370 of 660 id: sajems-2667 author: Lalthapersad, P. title: Occupational segregation of work and income disparities among South African women date: 2002-03-31 words: 4268 flesch: 52 summary: The sectoral distribution of women workers revealed a low share of employment in all sectors, namely: 70 per cent in textiles and garments; • 28 per cent in paper and printing; 22 per cent in chemicals; 21 per cent in food processing; 15 per cent in metals and engineering; 14 per cent other. Women workers were located mainly in the service occupations (69.9 per cent) and clerical and sales (69.8 per cent). keywords: cent; jobs; labour; occupations; segregation; south; women cache: sajems-2667.pdf plain text: sajems-2667.txt item: #371 of 660 id: sajems-2668 author: Moodley, Sagren title: Steering in uncertain territory: E-Business, globalisation and the South African automotive components industry date: 2002-03-31 words: 10944 flesch: 54 summary: Moreover, achieving these efficiency gains is contingent on a number of factors, including: (I) access to e-business systems and the needed skills; (2) firms' willingness to open up their internal systems to suppliers and customers; (3) a significant re-engineering of the firm's current organisational structure, i.e. its complex combination of assets, legacy systems, resources and managerial processes and (4) more generally, a firm's evolutionary path dependencies. No I The progression of component finns to higher levels of e-business capabilities is likely to be slow and incremental. keywords: automotive; business; ce nc; chain; component; figure; industry; internet; li ce; lis; south; suppliers; supply; value cache: sajems-2668.pdf plain text: sajems-2668.txt item: #372 of 660 id: sajems-2669 author: von H Kasselmann, B.; de Beer, Johannes J.; Vermeulen, Leopold P. title: Personality attributes of successful franchisees in the fast foods sector in South Africa date: 2002-03-31 words: 10536 flesch: 49 summary: Franchisee performance as measured by the identified (two) performance measures was assessed by the franchisor over a period of one year for each restaurant. It is also notable that the franchisor generally rates franchisee performance (restaurant evaluation) higher than independent outsiders (customer satisfaction evaluation) do. keywords: business; e gr; e p; franchisees; nc e; personality cache: sajems-2669.pdf plain text: sajems-2669.txt item: #373 of 660 id: sajems-2670 author: Booysen, F. le R.; Molelekoa, J. title: The benefits of HIV/AIDS intervention in the workplace: A case study date: 2002-03-31 words: 9533 flesch: 62 summary: No 1 193 4.11 Average cost per employee and per AIDS death Estimates of AIDS costs can also be presented as the average AIDS cost per employee (Table 4) and the average cost per AIDS death (Table 5). The individual components of AIDS costs are treated in the following manner in calculating the cost of future AIDS deaths to business in Bloemfontein and Welkom. keywords: aids; aids deaths; average; business; cost; deaths; employees; hiv; impact; number cache: sajems-2670.pdf plain text: sajems-2670.txt item: #374 of 660 id: sajems-2672 author: Fourie, D. J. title: The public finance management act as a reform measure to capacitate public officials date: 2002-03-31 words: 5646 flesch: 47 summary: The PSETA has been established by the Government to play a part in the design, delivery and evaluation of public service training and development. 3.6 Community-based and non-government organizations Community-based and Don-government organizations possess knowledge, practical experience and expertise that should be utilized directly and continuously as a resource base for public service training. keywords: act; department; development; education; management; public; service; training cache: sajems-2672.pdf plain text: sajems-2672.txt item: #375 of 660 id: sajems-2673 author: Bloom, J. Z. title: The use of neural networks and rule induction for customer segmentation and target market profiling date: 2002-03-31 words: 9765 flesch: 58 summary: On the basis of the research problem specification and the objectives of the research, the use of an unsupervised learning algorithm to group the data into segments and a decision tree algorithm for the profiling of tourist segments was required. The need for in-depth knowledge of customer or tourist segments and the need to overcome the limitations of non-linear problems require a different approach. keywords: cape; data; decision; e p; induction; nc e; network; neural; rule; segment; som; trees cache: sajems-2673.pdf plain text: sajems-2673.txt item: #376 of 660 id: sajems-2674 author: Slabbert, A. D. title: Managerial modes of conflict resolution in the banking industry date: 2002-03-31 words: 4621 flesch: 45 summary: No 1 Managerial Modes of Conflict Resolution in the Banking Industry AD Slabbert Faculty of Management, Cape Technikon ABSTRACT The Thomas Killman Conflict Mode Instrument is widely used to assess conflict management styles. In addition, as was alluded to earlier, conflict management styles are directly affected by interpersonal relationships and decision-making. keywords: conflict; management; managers cache: sajems-2674.pdf plain text: sajems-2674.txt item: #377 of 660 id: sajems-2675 author: Dixon, John A.; Acharya, Gayatri title: Can the environment wait in a developing country? date: 2002-06-30 words: 4604 flesch: 52 summary: Is there an optimal mix between growth, development, and environmental management? Third, all too often it has taken a major environmental jolt to focus attention on environmental management. keywords: costs; countries; development; environment; growth; income; water cache: sajems-2675.pdf plain text: sajems-2675.txt item: #378 of 660 id: sajems-2677 author: Blignaut, J. N.; Anderson, H. J. title: The integration of economics and the environment through incentives: An overview of the Costa Rican success story date: 2002-06-30 words: 4115 flesch: 54 summary: The above scenario was also evident in Costa Rica, but after decades of deforestation, bold steps have been taken to internalise the benefits provided by forestry environmental services (see Castro, 1999; Castro et aI., 2000 and R ep ro du ce d by S ab in et G at ew ay u nd er li ce nc e gr an te d by th e P ub lis he r (d at ed 2 00 9) . 8 CONCLUSION After decades of deforestation, Costa Rica has taken bold steps to internalise the benefits provided by forestry environmental services. keywords: chomitz; costa; environmental; forestry; landowners; rica; services cache: sajems-2677.pdf plain text: sajems-2677.txt item: #379 of 660 id: sajems-2678 author: de Wit, M. P. title: Economic policy making for environmental problems as an interactive learning process date: 2002-06-30 words: 12039 flesch: 51 summary: The objective of this paper is to present a framework to approach economic policy making in a case of such complex and dynamic environmental problems. The literature on economic and public policy theories, the need for a systematic policy design process and approaches to complexity and dynamics in policy making is framework available to one where the focus is on the best learning process to facilitate economic policy making on complex and dynamic environmental problems. keywords: analysis; approach; complexity; design; economics; framework; learning; making; policy; policy making; problems; process; public; systems cache: sajems-2678.pdf plain text: sajems-2678.txt item: #380 of 660 id: sajems-2679 author: Wilson, Jessica title: Trade, environment and sustainable development: What changed in Doha date: 2002-06-30 words: 7435 flesch: 50 summary: The aim of this paper is to examine whether or not the inclusion of WTO environmental negotiations, as outlined in the Doha Ministerial Declaration, advances or retards sustainable development. Thirdly, there are numerous processes happening outside the WTO that could be compromised if environment becomes a focus of trade negotiations within the WTO. keywords: countries; development; environmental; lis; negotiations; people; trade; wto cache: sajems-2679.pdf plain text: sajems-2679.txt item: #381 of 660 id: sajems-2680 author: Moilanen, Mikko; Schulz, Carl-Erik title: Water pricing reform, economic welfare and inequality date: 2002-06-30 words: 9159 flesch: 69 summary: The two-step increasing block tariff pricing implicates that water utility on the margin can price discriminate between the two households. JEL Q25, D63, H42 INTRODUCTION In most countries, water pricing has been determined mainly on the basis of financial or accounting criteria. keywords: case; demand; e p; group; price; pricing; utility; water; water utility; welfare cache: sajems-2680.pdf plain text: sajems-2680.txt item: #382 of 660 id: sajems-2681 author: van Zyl, Hugo; Leiman, Anthony title: Hedonic approaches to estimating the impacts of open spaces: A case study in the Cape date: 2002-06-30 words: 6375 flesch: 62 summary: No 2 379 Hedonic Approaches to Estimating the Impacts of Open Spaces: A Case Study in the Cape HugovanZyl Independent Economic Researchers cc, Cape Town Anthony Leiman SchoolojEconomics, University ojCape Town ABSTRACT Preliminary desktop studies have been carried out to illustrate the potential value of metropolitan open space areas in Durban and Cape Town using speculative estimates derived mainly from values in the international literature. The property price premiums or discounts associated with open spaces are found to be case specific, but certain trends are discernable that should apply to all areas. keywords: areas; estate; house; open; premium; price; property; space; vlei cache: sajems-2681.pdf plain text: sajems-2681.txt item: #383 of 660 id: sajems-2682 author: Spalding-Fecher, Randall; Moodley, Shomenthree title: Economic valuation of increased malaria due to climate change: A South African case study date: 2002-06-30 words: 7548 flesch: 60 summary: The second major challenge of this work is how to realistically describe an impact before adaptation has occurred - because, in reality, adaptation to malaria risks has already occurred in South Africa. For mortality estimates, we used the average share of malaria cases resulting in death in the last three years in South Africa, or 0.7 per cent of cases (DOH, 2000). keywords: africa; cases; change; climate; climate change; economic; malaria; population; risk; south cache: sajems-2682.pdf plain text: sajems-2682.txt item: #384 of 660 id: sajems-2683 author: Winkler, Harald; Thorne, Steve title: Baselines for suppressed demand: CDM projects contribution to poverty alleviation date: 2002-06-30 words: 6397 flesch: 64 summary: The following sections outline how this might be achieved in calculating CDM project baselines. Calculate emissions intensity of baseline scenario and CDM project (kg CO2/ unit output). keywords: cdm; demand; development; emissions; energy; project; service cache: sajems-2683.pdf plain text: sajems-2683.txt item: #385 of 660 id: sajems-2684 author: Armour, R. J.; Vlljoen, M. F. title: The leaching paradox and return flow management options for sustainable irrigated agriculture date: 2002-06-30 words: 8761 flesch: 65 summary: Increasing the price of irrigation water results in less return-flows, but only after a 6-fold increase in the cost of irrigation water, at which rate all the extra water is no longer viable to use to leach. The price currently charged for irrigation water in the OVIB region is far below that paid by industry and municipal users. keywords: crop; drainage; irrigation; management; quality; return; soil; table; vol; water cache: sajems-2684.pdf plain text: sajems-2684.txt item: #386 of 660 id: sajems-2685 author: Cooper, Jennifer; Schroenn, Jessica; Quinn, Nevil title: Economic analysis of the eradication and management of invasive alien vegetation in the Mhlatuze river catchment (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) date: 2002-06-30 words: 7718 flesch: 54 summary: No 2 6.2 Benefit now of alien vegetation eradication It is necessary to distinguish between private and social benefits in this analysis, to establish the positive impacts of alien plant eradication and to highlight the distribution of these benefits. At the very least, this analysis offers insight into the feasibility of alien plant eradication and ascertains whether or not this eradication is beneficial to both landowners and the broader society. keywords: alien; area; benefits; costs; eradication; plant; study; vegetation cache: sajems-2685.pdf plain text: sajems-2685.txt item: #387 of 660 id: sajems-2686 author: Trikam, A. title: Greenhouse gas mitigation options in the industrial sector date: 2002-06-30 words: 8344 flesch: 62 summary: This report identifies the major opportunities for climate change mitigation through industrial energy efficiency and fuel switching in South Africa. 1.2 Scope of study Owing to the complexity of the industrial sector and some generic assumptions are necessary that limit the detail of the work due to the poor availability of energy consumption data. keywords: cent; e gr; e p; energy; gas; li ce; nc e cache: sajems-2686.pdf plain text: sajems-2686.txt item: #388 of 660 id: sajems-2688 author: None title: sajems-2688 date: None words: 8686 flesch: 33 summary: Abstract Introduction Insights from the literature Theoretical framework Methodology Results and discussion Summary and conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Romanus Osabohien Department of Economics and Development Studies, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria Centre for Economic Policy and Development Research (CEPDeR), Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria Eze Osuagwu Department of Economics and Development Studies, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria Evans Osabuohien Department of Economics and Development Studies, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria Centre for Economic Policy and Development Research (CEPDeR), Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria Uche Eseosa Ekhator-Mobayode Division of Management and Education, University of Pittsburgh, Bradford, United States Oluwatoyin Matthew Department of Economics and Development Studies, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria Obindah Gershon Department of Economics and Development Studies, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria Centre for Economic Policy and Development Research (CEPDeR), Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria Citation Osabohien, R., Osuagwu, E., Osabuohien, E., Ekhator-Mobayode, U.E., Matthew, O. & Gershon O., 2020, ‘Household access to agricultural credit and agricultural production in Nigeria: A propensity score matching model’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 23(1), a2688. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v23i1.2688 Original Research Household access to agricultural credit and agricultural production in Nigeria: A propensity score matching model Romanus Osabohien, Eze Osuagwu, Evans Osabuohien, Uche Eseosa Ekhator-Mobayode, Oluwatoyin Matthew, Obindah Gershon Received: 09 July 2018; Households’ access to agricultural credit has been known to be the main input in the development of the agricultural sector (Adjognon et al. 2017). keywords: access; agriculture; credit; credit policies; development; et al; farmers; households; labour; nigeria; osabohien; policies; poverty; production; study cache: sajems-2688.htm plain text: sajems-2688.txt item: #389 of 660 id: sajems-2689 author: None title: sajems-2689 date: None words: 199 flesch: 34 summary: Note: DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v21i1.1717 Corrigendum Corrigendum: Quantitative efficiency assessment based on the dynamic slack-based network data envelopment analysis for commercial banks in Ghana Zhixiang Zhou, Nelson Amowine, Dechun Huang Published: 10 Dec. 2018 Copyright: © 2018. About the Author(s) Zhixiang Zhou School of Economics, Hefei University of Technology, China Nelson Amowine School of Business, Hohai University, China Dechun Huang Department of Economics and International Trade School of Business, Hohai University, China Citation Zhou, Z., Amowine, N. & Huang, D., 2018, ‘Corrigendum: Quantitative efficiency assessment based on the dynamic slack-based network data envelopment analysis for commercial banks in Ghana’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 21(1), keywords: university cache: sajems-2689.htm plain text: sajems-2689.txt item: #390 of 660 id: sajems-2703 author: None title: sajems-2703 date: None words: 6993 flesch: 34 summary: Abstract Introduction Literature review Methodology Results Discussion Limitations of the study Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Emma-Louise Webber Department of Business Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Adolf J. Vögel Department of Business Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Citation Webber, E-L. & Vögel, A.J., 2019, ‘The preparation, training and support requirements of expatriate trailing spouses’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 22(1), a2703. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v22i1.2703 Original Research The preparation, training and support requirements of expatriate trailing spouses Emma-Louise Webber, Adolf J. Vögel Received: 20 July 2018; Accepted: 11 Sept. 2019; Published: 27 Nov. 2019 Copyright: © 2019. keywords: adjustment; assignment; country; expatriate; host; international; journal; management; preparation; resource; spouses; study; support; training cache: sajems-2703.htm plain text: sajems-2703.txt item: #391 of 660 id: sajems-2706 author: None title: sajems-2706 date: None words: 7109 flesch: 35 summary: They explain three dimensions of resource value which they consider as paramount in facilitating sustained performance. The three dimensions of resource value are (1) by either allowing a firm to enter the selection system or prevent its rivals from doing so, (2) by creating product characteristics that have value according to product selectors, and (3) by either allowing a firm to engage in competitive imitation or preventing its rivals from doing so (Mol & Wijnberg 2011:79). keywords: capabilities; capability; firm; franchise; franchising; journal; management; market; outlet; performance; rbt; research; resources; sensing; value cache: sajems-2706.htm plain text: sajems-2706.txt item: #392 of 660 id: sajems-2727 author: None title: sajems-2727 date: None words: 10271 flesch: 38 summary: Callan, S.J. & Thomas, J.M., 2009, ‘Corporate financial performance and corporate social performance: An update and reinvestigation’, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management 16(2), 61–78. The CSR concept could be considered as a building block for corporate social performance (CSP) (Carroll 1999). keywords: accounting; africa; aspects; cfp; corporate; disclosure; esg; firms; governance; management; market; measures; performance; relationship; scores; social; south; value cache: sajems-2727.htm plain text: sajems-2727.txt item: #393 of 660 id: sajems-2738 author: Boraine, H.; van Staden, P. J. title: Memory properties of the forward premium: A study on South African exchange rates date: 2002-09-30 words: 4366 flesch: 64 summary: I Jan-INI Mar-9a May-9a Jul-98 Sap-INI Nov-98 CONCLUSION Recent empirical estimation results indicate that the widely accepted assumption of a short memory forward premium is invalid (for example Crowder, 1994). As explained in detail by Baillie and Bollerslev (2000), the rejection of unbiasedness is due to the persistent autocorrelations of the long memory forward premium. keywords: memory; premium; rate; series; time cache: sajems-2738.pdf plain text: sajems-2738.txt item: #394 of 660 id: sajems-2739 author: Kotze, J. G. title: Aligned commitment and the high performance organisation date: 2002-09-30 words: 5562 flesch: 48 summary: No 3 511 Aligned Commitment and the High Performance Organisation JG Kotze Potchefstroom Business School, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education ABSTRACT In attempting to achieve high performance levels within the enterprise, the manifestation of aligned commitment is a very desirable goal to aim for. 1995: 162; Mowday, et al., 1982: 27) or as aligned commitment (Kotze. 2001: 11; Coetsee, 1996: 23). keywords: business; commitment; model; organisation; performance; values; vision cache: sajems-2739.pdf plain text: sajems-2739.txt item: #395 of 660 id: sajems-2740 author: Moolman, Elna; McCoskey, Suzanne title: On the long-run interdependence of stock markets: A tale of correlations, autoregressions and decompositions date: 2002-09-30 words: 8913 flesch: 58 summary: But to what extent are stock markets between these groups interdependent? This will show whether it is still possible to diversify between the stock markets of these groups of economies, since stock markets within these groups seem to be interdependent to such an extent that diversification within these groups is no longer possible. keywords: america; asia; european; groups; interdependence; latin; markets; stock; stock markets cache: sajems-2740.pdf plain text: sajems-2740.txt item: #396 of 660 id: sajems-2741 author: Rousseau, G. G.; Jansingh, L. title: Sales call anxiety: Investigating the role of fear in a selling situation date: 2002-09-30 words: 5886 flesch: 64 summary: No 3 549 Sales Call Anxiety: Investigating the Role of Fear in a Selling Situation G G Rousseau and L Jansingb Department of Industrial Psychology, University of Port Elizabeth ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to investigate sales call anxiety (SCA) amongst insurance sales staff in Port Elizabeth. The main objective of the present study was to investigate sales call anxiety amongst insurance sales staff in Port Elizabeth. keywords: anxiety; calling; closing; cold; table cache: sajems-2741.pdf plain text: sajems-2741.txt item: #397 of 660 id: sajems-2742 author: Swanepoel, A. S.; Schoeman, N. J. title: Tax revenue as an automatic fiscal stabiliser: A South African perspective date: 2002-09-30 words: 8611 flesch: 53 summary: The main focus is on the magnitude and composition of general government tax revenue and its role and potential as an automatic fiscal stabiliser in South Africa. Some aspects of South African fiscal policy are discussed in Section 4 while Section 5 evaluates the role of general government tax revenue as an automatic fiscal stabiliser in South Africa since the 1970s. keywords: africa; government; output; policy; revenue; south; stabilisers; tax; tax revenue; taxes cache: sajems-2742.pdf plain text: sajems-2742.txt item: #398 of 660 id: sajems-2743 author: Engelbrecht, A. S. title: The effect of organisational leadership on value congruence and effectiveness: An integrated model date: 2002-09-30 words: 6509 flesch: 39 summary: Based on the conceptual model, the study explored the relationships between transactional and transformational leadership, altruistic and trading values, leaders' and followers' value congruence, leadership and motivation of followers, core values of transactional and transformational leaders, leader values and organisational values, leadership and ethics, as well as leadership and leader effectiveness. The ultimate point of studying leadership is to identity good leadership leaders that are both morally and technically good (Ciulla, 1998). keywords: bass; congruence; effectiveness; followers; leadership; performance; transactional; value; value congruence cache: sajems-2743.pdf plain text: sajems-2743.txt item: #399 of 660 id: sajems-2744 author: Brand, H. E.; Silberman, M. T. title: Perceptions of sexual discrimination, sexual harassment and job satisfaction among female employees in the public sector date: 2002-09-30 words: 6104 flesch: 55 summary: It appears that the majority of single women (51.9 per cent), in comparison to 25.5 per cent of married women and 11.1 per cent of divorcees/widows, strongly believe that women who are experiencing sexual harassment will have a negative attitude towards their work environment. It appears that married women (38.2 per cent) generally more often think of quitting their jobs than single women (29.6 per cent) and divorcees/widows (23.5 per cent). keywords: cent; group; harassment; job; majority; women; work cache: sajems-2744.pdf plain text: sajems-2744.txt item: #400 of 660 id: sajems-2745 author: Mahadea, D. title: Street vending in the Eastern Cape: Survival strategy or conduit to entrepreneurship? date: 2002-09-30 words: 7076 flesch: 66 summary: In terms of the official definition, the unemployment rate increased from 20.3 per cent to 25.2 per cent over the same period, and to 26.4 per cent in 200 I (Stats SA, 200 I ) Of the 475 traders, 304 (64 per cent) were internal migrants within the province, 139 (29 per cent) were born in the district of the interview, only 13 (2.7 per cent) were born in another province of South Africa, and 19 (4 per cent) were born outside South Africa. keywords: business; cent; employment; sector; south; street; traders cache: sajems-2745.pdf plain text: sajems-2745.txt item: #401 of 660 id: sajems-2746 author: Mostert, J. H.; Steel, S. J.; Mostert, F J. title: Importance of external environmental labour-related risk factors for financial investment decision-making date: 2002-09-30 words: 7550 flesch: 47 summary: The range of 4 (minimum value of I and maximum value of 5) in the case of manual worker enterprises and a range of 2 (minimum value of I and maximum value of 3) for knowledge worker enterprises highlight that there was less agreement among the respondents regarding this labour-related risk factor when manual workers are involved than in the case of enterprises employing mainly knowledge workers. The numbers above the diagonal line (zero in this case) represent those respondents who indicated that external environmental labour-related risk factors are more important for knowledge worker enterprises than for manual worker enterprises. keywords: importance; knowledge worker; labour; manual; respondents; risk; value; worker enterprises cache: sajems-2746.pdf plain text: sajems-2746.txt item: #402 of 660 id: sajems-2747 author: Madu, J. C.; Madu, S. N. title: Destination attributes affecting tourists' readiness to recommend Lagos State (Nigeria) for tourism date: 2002-09-30 words: 7719 flesch: 55 summary: No 3 663 Destination Attributes Affecting Tourists' Readiness to Recommend Lagos State (Nigeria) for Tourism JCMadu Architect and Urban and Regional Planner, Vienna SNMadu Department of Psychology, University of the North ABSTRACT This is an investigation into tourists' readiness to recommend Lagos State of Nigeria as a tourist destination and the destination attributes (factors) affecting their readiness. keywords: business; destination; factor; lagos; problems; readiness; safety; state; table; tourism; tourists; transportation cache: sajems-2747.pdf plain text: sajems-2747.txt item: #403 of 660 id: sajems-2748 author: Schutte, Petri; Loots, Jozua title: Transfer pricing as strategic planning tool for multinational enterprises in a post-isolation South Africa date: 2002-09-30 words: 10598 flesch: 50 summary: Following accepted practice in diversification research, company risk was measured by the standard deviation ofROA over the study period, 1995 to 2000. However, the remaining portion of risk, market risk, stems from factors that influence all participants in the economy including war, recessions, inflation and interest rates. keywords: africa; e gr; e p; global; industry; li ce; nc e; pricing; return; risk; south; transfer cache: sajems-2748.pdf plain text: sajems-2748.txt item: #404 of 660 id: sajems-2749 author: Smit, A. M. title: Franchisors on the financing and other problems of prospective franchisees date: 2002-09-30 words: 3709 flesch: 61 summary: 14 per cent of the respondents indicated financing as a problem occurring a/ways, while 41.9 per cent mentioned that financing problems occur often. 14 per cent also indicated that financing problems are never experienced. keywords: business; financing; franchise; problems cache: sajems-2749.pdf plain text: sajems-2749.txt item: #405 of 660 id: sajems-275 author: Wolmarans, Hendrik; Sartorius, Kurt title: Corporate social responsibility: the financial impact of black economic empowerment transactions in South Africa date: 2011-08-22 words: 7660 flesch: 57 summary: 5 Empirical results 5.1 Abnormal returns and BEE events The first research question of this study asks whether announcements of BEE transactions are related to shareholder value creation. What one would expect if BEE events did indeed lead to a positive effect on share price for a reasonable sample of firms is that the average values of both R2 and R3 would be significantly positive. keywords: bee; black; csr; event; journal; management; research; responsibility; returns; shareholder; south; studies; study; transactions; value cache: sajems-275.pdf plain text: sajems-275.txt item: #406 of 660 id: sajems-2780 author: None title: sajems-2780 date: None words: 7173 flesch: 33 summary: Sosa, Roy and Bautista (2015) concur that social media business networks are central in demonstrating what the business stands for and this indicates that they are involving their internal and external networks. Moreover, the findings indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between social media business networking and competitiveness of these firms. keywords: business; competitiveness; customers; internal; journal; media; networking; networks; smmes; smts; social; stakeholders; study; tourism; tourism smmes; use cache: sajems-2780.htm plain text: sajems-2780.txt item: #407 of 660 id: sajems-2790 author: Blignaut, J. N. title: The search for a new economic system continues date: 2002-06-30 words: 2142 flesch: 52 summary: During the same period, the closely-related Industrial Revolution laid the foundation of a patriarchal mode of economic development in industrial capitalism. Without detracting from these successes, actually in an effort to support and intensify the current research and policy trend, this editorial adopts a rather different view, asking the question: has economic theory changed symbiotically to the change in world philosophy that took place during the last number of years? keywords: new; search cache: sajems-2790.pdf plain text: sajems-2790.txt item: #408 of 660 id: sajems-2791 author: Davidson, Ogunlade R. title: Business opportunities and sustainable development date: 2002-06-30 words: 3492 flesch: 42 summary: Businesses should cooperate with local agencies to undertake useful research and development and demonstration programmes that will support business development. Promoting market development in some countries in the short run requires development of new partnerships and nurturing the local cooperate sector, but long-term gains can be substantial. keywords: business; countries; development; market; sector cache: sajems-2791.pdf plain text: sajems-2791.txt item: #409 of 660 id: sajems-2794 author: None title: None date: None words: 2726 flesch: 39 summary: Government policies started shifting in favour of a developmental state. Introduction Effective institutions are not only important in determining the success or failure of economic development but they are significant in shaping economic policy while exerting discipline on government via institutionalised checks and balances to secure a consistent implementation of economic policy measures. keywords: business; capitalism; government; policy; south; state cache: sajems-2794.htm plain text: sajems-2794.txt item: #410 of 660 id: sajems-280 author: Du Preez, Mario; Lottering, T title: Determining the negative effect on house values of proximity to a landfill site by means of an application of the hedonic pricing method date: 2011-08-22 words: 3594 flesch: 54 summary: A few studies have shown that the impact of landfill sites on house values is negligible. JEL Q57 1 Introduction Whether, and to what degree, solid waste landfills have an adverse effect on residential property prices has received a great deal of attention over the years (see, for example, Bouvier, Halstead, Conway & Manalo, 2000; Havlicek, Richardson & Davies, 1971; Reichert, 1991). keywords: function; house; landfill; landfill site; price; property; site; value cache: sajems-280.pdf plain text: sajems-280.txt item: #411 of 660 id: sajems-2815 author: None title: sajems-2815 date: None words: 8368 flesch: 42 summary: Aim: This study aimed to determine the effect of a play-at-work intervention on psychological detachment, work enjoyment, employee performance, and workplace boredom of work teams. Discussion This study aimed to determine the effect of a play-at-work intervention on organisational outcomes of work teams by specifically investigating psychological detachment, work enjoyment, team performance and workplace boredom. keywords: boredom; control; detachment; employees; group; intervention; performance; play; research; study; work; work intervention; workplace cache: sajems-2815.htm plain text: sajems-2815.txt item: #412 of 660 id: sajems-2817 author: None title: sajems-2817 date: None words: 5535 flesch: 47 summary: Keywords: Tax gap; non-compliance; tax evasion; personal income tax; micro-simulation; salaried income; non-salaried income. In fact, tax gap estimates from the macro-approach provide little insight into how to improve compliance. keywords: africa; compliance; data; gap; income; revenue; sars; south; tax; tax gap cache: sajems-2817.htm plain text: sajems-2817.txt item: #413 of 660 id: sajems-2818 author: None title: sajems-2818 date: None words: 8199 flesch: 40 summary: So, although an FIRB/AIRB bank will have internal rating systems, it will often continue using rating agency ratings for sub-portfolios where there is insufficient data to build an internal system. Credit rating agencies typically rate all institutions within a country at or below the sovereign rating. keywords: agencies; agency; credit; debt; methodologies; methodology; model; moody; ratings; risk; south; sovereign cache: sajems-2818.htm plain text: sajems-2818.txt item: #414 of 660 id: sajems-2852 author: None title: sajems-2852 date: None words: 12587 flesch: 36 summary: Relative efficiency and the general data envelopment analysis model The literature provides no consensus regarding which method is more appropriate in measuring bank efficiency (Titko, Stankevičienė & Lāce 2014). The only existing literature in this field includes, amongst others, the use of DEA as a portfolio selection criterion (Dia 2009; Edirisinghe & Zhang 2008; Huang et al. 2015; Joro & Na 2006; Mashayekhi & Omrani 2016; Pätäri, Leivo & Honkapuro 2010, 2012), to measure portfolio efficiency in a mean-variance framework (Liu et al. 2015), to evaluate fund managers’ efficiency (Banker, Chen & Klumpes 2016), as a mutual fund performance assessor (Abad, Thore & Laffarga 2004; Alexakis & Tsolas 2011; Basso & Funari 2016; Chen 2008; Kuosmanen 2007), to evaluate portfolio risk in the forex spot market (Amiri et al. 2010), to evaluate the link between bank efficiency and share performance (Beccalli, Casu & Girardone 2006; Sufian & Majid 2007), to evaluate the relationship between portfolio diversification and efficiency (Choi & Min 2017), as a complementary share performance tool to the traditional set of fundamental factors (Van Heerden & Heymans 2013), as an investment tool to predict Japanese bank share performance (Avkiran & Morita 2010), and to evaluate an investment fund’s or portfolio’s performance (Lim, Oh & Zhu 2014; Tarim & Karan 2001). keywords: ability; african; analysis; approach; average; banking; banks; data; dea; efficiency; future; industry; investment; journal; ltd; management; measures; model; non; performance; ratios; returns; risk; scale; share; south; study cache: sajems-2852.htm plain text: sajems-2852.txt item: #415 of 660 id: sajems-2860 author: None title: sajems-2860 date: None words: 7484 flesch: 40 summary: A review of the literature reveals that there is a growing body of research on African tourism, which necessitates an investigation into the drivers of intra-African tourism – the main destination of African travellers. Adam H. Viljoen Tourism Research in Economics, Environs and Society, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa Andrea Saayman School of Economics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa Melville Saayman Tourism Research in Economics, Environs and Society, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa Citation Viljoen, A.H., Saayman, A. & Saayman, M., 2019, ‘Examining intra-African tourism: A trade theory perspective’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 22(1), a2860. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v22i1.2860 Original Research Examining intra-African tourism: A trade theory perspective Adam H. Viljoen, Andrea Saayman, Melville Saayman Received: 26 Oct. 2018; Accepted: 22 May 2019; Published: 22 July 2019 Copyright: keywords: african; countries; country; destination; gravity; intra; linder; model; results; theory; tourism; trade; travel; variables cache: sajems-2860.htm plain text: sajems-2860.txt item: #416 of 660 id: sajems-2872 author: None title: sajems-2872 date: None words: 9305 flesch: 34 summary: The influence of person-organizational fit on job attitudes’, Journal of Business Ethics 77, 323–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9352-1 Arthur, W., Bell, S.T., Villado, A.J. & Doverspike, D., 2006, ‘The use of person-organization fit in employment decision making: An assessment of its criterion-related validity’, Journal of Applied Psychology 91(4), 786–801. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.4.786 Avey, J.B., 2014, ‘The left side of psychological capital: New evidence on the antecedents of PsyCap’, Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 21(2), 141–149. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051813515516 Bedi, A., Alpaslan, C.M. & Green, S., 2015, ‘A meta-analytic review of ethical leadership outcomes and moderators’, Journal of Business Ethics 139, 517–536. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2625-1 Brown, M.E., Trevino, L.K. & Harrison, D., 2005, ‘Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing’, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 97, 117–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2005.03.002 Byrne, B., 2010, Structural equation modelling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ. Abstract Introduction Literature review Method Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Anton Grobler Department of Leadership and Organisational Behaviour, Graduate School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa, Midrand, South Africa Yvonne T. Joubert Department of Human Resource Management, Faculty of the College of Economic and Management Sciences (CEMS), University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa Citation Grobler, A. & Joubert, Y.T., 2020, ‘The relationship between hope and optimism, ethical leadership and person-organisation fit’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 23(1), a2872. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v23i1.2872 Research Project Registration: keywords: analysis; capital; employees; fit; hope; journal; leadership; optimism; organisation; organisation fit; person; relationship; research; study; values; variables cache: sajems-2872.htm plain text: sajems-2872.txt item: #417 of 660 id: sajems-2873 author: None title: sajems-2873 date: None words: 6940 flesch: 41 summary: The 25 managers expressed their viewpoints, after which their experiences about trust in business alliances between TCs and PDIs were classified into six nuanced clusters, labelled as follows: sincerity trust alliances, values trust alliances, duped trust alliances, vigilant trust alliances, deceitful trust alliances and propensity to trust alliances. Abstract Introduction Background and context Trust as an essential ingredient in business alliances Goal of the study Method Sample and setting Data collection Data analysis Results and discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) keywords: africa; alliances; black; business; business alliances; empowerment; group; managers; partners; pdis; south; tcs; trust cache: sajems-2873.htm plain text: sajems-2873.txt item: #418 of 660 id: sajems-2880 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2018-11-26 words: 822 flesch: 16 summary: Adelia Jansen van Rensburg Adrian D. Saville Alam Rehmal Alexander Zimper Alexander O. Ikupolati Alicia Fourie Anak A.G.S. Utama Andre Heymans Andre C. Jordaan Andrea Herron Ankur Nandedkar Anmar Pretorius Antje Hargarter Anton Grobler Badar N. Ashraf Beatrice Allirol Bongani Ngwenya Brian T. Mazorodze Brima Sesay Calvin M. Mabaso Caren Scheepers Cecile Nieuwenhuizen Cecile Schultz Cecile N.G. Proches Charl J. de Villiers Charlene Lew Chengedzai Mafini Chris W. Callaghan Christa Wingard Christian Tipoy Christina Swart-Opperman Chun-Kai Huang Claudette Rabie Cornelia Pop Dalu Ncube Daniel P. Schutte Daniela-Tatiana Agheorghiesei (Corodeanu) David Badenhorst David Chisunga David Pooe David Uchezuba David A.L. Coldwell Dawie de Jongh Delson Chikobvu Deon Scott Derik Steyn Dirk Visser Elda du Toit Elena Barbu Ellane van Wyk Engelina du Plessis Erica de Villiers Ermie Steenkamp Ernst Idsardi Ethel N. Abe Evan Gilbert Evelyn Derera Ferdi Botha Ferdinand Niyimbanira Francis Kemegue Gary W. van Vuuren Geoffroy Enjolras Goran M. Vukmirovic Graham Barr Hardus van Zyl Hayley Reynolds Heinrich Gerwel Henco C. van Schalkwyk Hendrik Wolmarans Henry Jordaan Herman D. Boikanyo Iris M. Velez Osorio Ivan van der Merwe Iwona Staniec Jacques Nel Ja’nel Esterhuysen Jen Snowball Jessica Fraser Johan Marx Johann Jacobs Johann Kirsten Jonathan Calof Jose Barreria Jovan Zubovic Juniours Marire Jurie van Vuuren Kai-Ying A. Chan Karthikeyan Parthasarathy Kerry Chipp Kidanemariam Gebrehiwot Kore M.A. Guei Kotie Viljoen L. Grobbelaar Lauren A. Jordaan Lawrence M. Mabuza Leana Esterhuyse Leon Oerlemans Leon B. Sanderson Lize Hoek Lizelle Brink Lloyd J.S. Baiyegunhi Lonell Coetzee http://www.sajems.org https://sajems.org https://sajems.org https://sajems.org/index.php/sajems/user https://sajems.org/index.php/sajems/user mailto:publishing@aosis.co.za Page 2 of 2 Reviewer Acknowledgement http://www.sajems.org Open Access00 Lukas I. Ehlers Lynette Louw Madelyn Geldenhuys Malefa R. Malefane Manoel Bittencourt Marcel Kohler Marek Matejun Margie Sutherland Marilene van Biljon Marissa Brouwers Marius Pretorius Marius Ungerer Marius Venter Mark Bussin Mark G. Hayes Marko Kwaramba Martin Butler Melodi Botha Michael Harber Mihaela Herciu Mihalis G. Chasomeris Mohammad A.F. Chowdhury Mohanasundaram Thangamuthu Mornay Roberts-Lombard Msizi V. Mkhize Muhammad N. Akhtar Mulatu Zerihun Muntean Neli Nasrat S. Edoo-Sirkissoon Nedia Mackay Nerine Stegmann Ni Tian Nickson H. Odongo Niek Schoeman Noleen Pisa Obert Matlala Oluwarotimi A. Owolabi Omolola O. Adeola Orpha Cilliers Panagiotis Andrikopoulos Pascal Dumontier Pedro Mendi Peter K. Turyakira Phillip F. Blaauw Pieter Buys Pieter J. van Schalkwyk Puja C. Sharma Retha Scheepers Riaan Rossouw Riel C.D. Franzsen Rob Smorfitt Robert W. Vivian Robert W.D. Zondo Roger S. Brown Ronald H. Mynhardt Rose Matikiti Saima Batool Samuel M. Muriithi Sandra Perks Sanlie Middelberg Sebastiaan Rothmann Shireen van Zyl Sibindi Ntandoyenkosi Sonja Grater Sophia Brink Stefanie Kuhn Stephen Zhanje Stephen M. Duffield Sumari O’Neil Surika van Rooyen Tej N.P. Varma Taeyoung Yoo Thabang Mokoaleli-Mokoteli Thokozani P. Mbhele Tinah Moyo Tinashie Ndoro Tucker McGrimmon Vassili Joannides de Latour Vivence Kalitanyi Volker Schoer Waldo Krugell Wessel M. Badenhorst Willem H. Boshoff William Akoto Willie T. Chinyamurindi Yaeesh Jasseem Yoshihiko Nishiyama Yudhvir Seetharam Yvonne Saini Zebulun Kreiter http://www.sajems.org Read online: Scan this QR code with your smart phone or mobile device to read online. keywords: cecile; david; http://www.sajems.org; journal; management; marius; reviewer; sciences; van cache: sajems-2880.pdf plain text: sajems-2880.txt item: #419 of 660 id: sajems-2905 author: None title: sajems-2905 date: None words: 6844 flesch: 47 summary: The high level of openness of the economy raised an important question on the relationship between export and economic growth in Namibia. Aim: In order to fill the gap in previous research, this study investigates the asymmetric or non-linear relationship between the main export sectors and economic growth in Namibia. keywords: export; growth; increase; linear; namibia; non; relationship; results; run; study; test cache: sajems-2905.htm plain text: sajems-2905.txt item: #420 of 660 id: sajems-2912 author: None title: sajems-2912 date: None words: 10043 flesch: 35 summary: Keywords: Auditing; Corporate governance; Audit quality; Auditor independence; Professional scepticism; Auditor rotation. Abstract Introduction Literature review Study purpose and research questions Methods Results Conclusion Acknowledgements References Footnotes About the Author(s) Michael Harber Department of Accounting and Finance, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Ben Marx Department of Accountancy, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa Citation Harber, M. & Marx, B., 2020, ‘Auditor independence and professional scepticism in South Africa: Is regulatory reform needed?’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 23(1), a2912. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v23i1.2912 Original Research Auditor independence and professional scepticism in South Africa: Is regulatory reform needed? Michael Harber, Ben Marx Received: 01 Dec. 2018; Accepted: 11 Dec. 2019; Published: 26 Mar. 2020 Copyright: © 2020. keywords: audit; audit quality; auditing; auditor; auditor independence; findings; firm; independence; irba; mafr; professional; quality; research; rotation; scepticism; south; statement cache: sajems-2912.htm plain text: sajems-2912.txt item: #421 of 660 id: sajems-2915 author: None title: sajems-2915 date: None words: 7831 flesch: 34 summary: The article begins to develop a conceptual framework for inclusive economic theory. Theoretical framework: Inclusive economic theory keywords: capital; collective; community; economics; economy; framework; growth; human; market; neo; new; progress; realist; theory cache: sajems-2915.htm plain text: sajems-2915.txt item: #422 of 660 id: sajems-2936 author: None title: sajems-2936 date: None words: 8547 flesch: 42 summary: The concept of a FTA and its role in refining regional trade integration originated from the Abuja Treaty which seeks to use RECs as building blocks of regional integration and economic development in Africa. Results Potential export opportunity matches among the Tripartite Free Trade Agreement countries The proposed TFTA has clearly set high goals and expectations for regional trade integration. keywords: africa; countries; country; economic; export; growth; import; integration; intra; opportunities; potential; product; regional; tfta; trade; trade opportunities cache: sajems-2936.htm plain text: sajems-2936.txt item: #423 of 660 id: sajems-2938 author: Office, Editorial title: Table of Contents Vol 21, No 1 (2018) date: 2018-12-11 words: 3355 flesch: -108 summary: The relationship between remuneration and financial performance for companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange Elize Kirsten, Elda du Toit South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a2004 | 24 April 2018 Original Research The practice turn within strategy: Competitive intelligence as integrating practice Rachel Maritz, Adeline du Toit South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a2059 | 25 April 2018 Original Research A critical analysis of the meaning of the term ‘value’ in Section 30(6)(e) of the Companies Act Mareli Dippenaar South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1985 | 26 April 2018 Original Research Management perceptions regarding factors impacting privatisation of parastatals in a developing country Noxolo E. Mazibuko, Elroy E. Smith, Eddie Tshuma South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1543 | 26 April 2018 Original Research The subjective well-being of day labourers in South Africa: The role of income and geographical location Phillip F. Blaauw, Ilse Botha, Catherina Schenck South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a2087 | 30 April 2018 Original Research Relationship between strategic planning and financial performance: The case of small, micro- and medium-scale businesses in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Shingirai Gomera, Willie T. Chinyamurindi, Syden Mishi South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1634 | 09 May 2018 377 391 405 413 423 437 446 458 469 Original Research The socio-economic effects of mechanising and/or modernising hard rock mines in South Africa Hlangabeza Gumede South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1848 | 16 May 2018 Original Research Extending green supply chain management activities to manufacturing small and medium enterprises in a developing economy Chengedzai Mafini, Welby V. Loury-Okoumba South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1996 | 22 May 2018 Original Research High inventory levels: The raison d’être of township retailers J. Orpha Cilliers South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1962 | 23 May 2018 Original Research Procyclicality in tradeable credit risk: Consequences for South Africa Dirk Visser, Gary W. van Vuuren South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1706 | 24 May 2018 Original Research Measuring and profiling financial literacy in South Africa Elizabeth L. Nanziri, Murray Leibbrandt South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1645 | 28 May 2018 Original Research Influence of self-motivation and intrinsic motivational factors for small and medium business growth: A South African case study Thandukwazi R. Ncube, Robert W.D. Zondo South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1994 | 29 May 2018 Original Research An optimised credit scorecard to enhance cut-off score determination Nico Kritzinger, Gary W. van Vuuren South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1571 | 07 June 2018 Original Research An archival review of preferred methods for theory building in follower research Joseph A. Feldman South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1582 | 11 June 2018 Original Research The influence of behavioural intention on third-party e-commerce payment Jih K. Chen South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a2157 | 13 June 2018 478 489 501 514 527 544 551 566 573 Page iii of v http://www.sajems.org Open Access Table of Contents iv Original Research The structural validity and measurement invariance across gender of the Brief Corporate Entrepreneurship Assessment Instrument Renier Steyn, G.P. (Deon) de Bruin South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1965 | 19 June 2018 Original Research An exploratory study of the effect of country-by-country reporting ambiguities on Johannesburg Stock Exchange-listed companies Cara Thiart, George F. Nel South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a2129 | 25 June 2018 Original Research Perceptions of post-multicurrency regime financial inclusion confidence challenges in Zimbabwe Bongani Ngwenya, Theuns Pelser, Talent Chivaura South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1837 | 26 June 2018 Original Research An evaluation of interest deduction limitations to counter base erosion in South Africa Pieter van der Zwan, Daniel P. Schutte, Waldo Krugell South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1816 | 30 July 2018 Original Research The influence of a 360-degree performance appraisal on labour productivity in an automotive manufacturing organisation Robert W.D. Zondo South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a2046 | 30 July 2018 Original Research Evaluating South Africa’s utilisation of sustained export potential in sub-Saharan Africa Gabriel Mhonyera, Ermie Steenkamp, Marianne Matthee South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1927 | 31 July 2018 Original Research A comparison of retirement saving using discretionary investment and Regulation 28 Gizelle D. Willows, Thomas Burgers, Darron West South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1995 | 31 July 2018 Original Research An investigation into the ability of the reverse yield gap to forecast inflation and economic growth in South Africa Keren A. Gossman, Mark G. Hayes South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1638 | 16 August 2018 Original Research Using Taylorism to make work easier: A work procedure perspective Emeka A. Ndaguba, Ogochukwu I. Nzewi, Edwin C. Ijeoma, Matemba Sambumbu, Modeni M. Sibanda South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a2120 | 20 August 2018 582 590 598 613 622 629 642 653 666 Original Research Exploring contingent convertible bond alternatives for African banks Francois J.N. Liebenberg, Gary W. van Vuuren, André Heymans South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a2286 | 20 August 2018 Original Research The association between corporate social responsibility reporting and firm value for South African firms Riana Horn, Marna de Klerk, Charl de Villiers South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a2236 | 28 August 2018 Original Research What do deviation cycles measure? Ask the business rescue practitioners Shaneen Conradie, Christiaan Lamprecht South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1726 | 11 April 2018 Original Research Business rescue decision-making: Post-mortem evaluation of an ‘orgy’ Marius Pretorius South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1622 | 11 April 2018 Original Research Competencies for the effective management of legislated business rehabilitations Rajendra Rajaram, Anesh M. Singh South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1978 | 12 April 2018 Original Research The link between Internet investor relations and information asymmetry George F. Nel, Eon Smit, Leon M. Brummer South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1966 | 12 April 2018 Original Research Filter selection for countercyclical capital buffers Dirk Visser, Gary van Vuuren South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1744 | 12 April 2018 185 194 202 210 222 234 248 257 267 Original Research Determinants of urban consumers’ participation in informal vegetable markets: Evidence from Mahikeng, North West province, South Africa, and implications for policy Olebogeng Marumo, Majola L. Mabuza South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1743 | 12 April 2018 Original Research Exploring the South African tax consequences of a residential property lottery Silke de Lange, Danielle van Wyk South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1951 | 12 April 2018 Original Research A Lean Six Sigma framework to enhance the competitiveness in selected automotive component manufacturing organisations Raveen Rathilall, Shalini Singh South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a1852 | 17 April 2018 Original Research Determinants of pricing objectives and price flexibility policies of pork-based agro-businesses in Mashonaland Central province, Zimbabwe Saul Ngarava, Abbyssinia Mushunje South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 21, No 1 | a2029 | 18 April 2018 Original Research keywords: african journal; analysis; april; journal; management sciences; march; october; research; south; south african; van; vol cache: sajems-2938.pdf plain text: sajems-2938.txt item: #424 of 660 id: sajems-2974 author: None title: sajems-2974 date: None words: 12244 flesch: 31 summary: Keywords: Non-profit financial condition; university financial health; Higher education finance. Thirdly, this article offers a contribution to a South African frame of reference which is characterised by an absence of comparably comprehensive academic studies of university financial health. keywords: accounting; african; analysis; assets; condition; data; education; equity; financial; health; indicators; profit; public; ratios; research; south; study; surplus; total; universities; university; year cache: sajems-2974.htm plain text: sajems-2974.txt item: #425 of 660 id: sajems-2996 author: None title: sajems-2996 date: None words: 7759 flesch: 44 summary: Model 1 To account for the socio-demographic and socio-economic factors that determine life satisfaction, we employ a pooled ordinary least square regression (POLS) which is modelled as follows: yi is life satisfaction for individual i, OAP is a dummy 1 for receiving pension income and 0 for not receiving pension. Although the desired policy outcome of social grants in South Africa – inclusive of the OAP – has been to redistribute income to the poor, elderly population and reduce income inequality, its role in life satisfaction has either been equated to or neglected in favour of economic well-being. keywords: africa; age; gender; impact; income; life; oap; pension; results; satisfaction; south; study; treatment; variable; women cache: sajems-2996.htm plain text: sajems-2996.txt item: #426 of 660 id: sajems-30 author: Luiz, John; Mariotti, Martine title: Entrepreneurship in an emerging and culturally diverse economy: a South African perspective date: 2011-03-23 words: 8600 flesch: 54 summary: Table 6 characterises the parents’ incomes in order to determine whether income has an effect on entrepreneurship perceptions. No 1 55 21 3.18 3.23 22 2.39 2.76 23 2.39 2.67 24 2.50 2.94 25 3.76 3.78 26 2.18 2.42 Campus entrepreneurship environment 27 3.22 3.17 28 3.59 3.45 29 3.08 3.16 30 3.26 3.07 31 1.97! 2.13! 32 1.72 1.89 33 1.75! 1.87! 34 1.86 1.92 35 1.95! 2.09! South African entrepreneurship environment 36 1.93 2.18 37 2.85 2.81 38 2.69! 2.86! 39 2.89 3.22 40 3.09 3.41 Notes: Means in bold denote significance at the 5 per cent level, ! keywords: africa; business; cent; entrepreneurship; income; perceptions; respondents; school; south; start; study cache: sajems-30.pdf plain text: sajems-30.txt item: #427 of 660 id: sajems-301 author: Harris, Geoff; Van der Merwe, Alexander Dawid title: The scope for mobilising public opinion against corruption: The attitudes of KwaZulu-Natal university students date: 2012-08-22 words: 7167 flesch: 54 summary: The aim of this study is to ascertain perceptions of public sector corruption that university students, as potentially influential members of society, hold. Descriptive and non-parametric bivariate analysis suggests that students overwhelmingly regard public sector corruption as an important issue. keywords: africa; behaviour; cent; corruption; government; perceptions; public; respondents; sector; society; south; students; study cache: sajems-301.pdf plain text: sajems-301.txt item: #428 of 660 id: sajems-3014 author: None title: sajems-3014 date: None words: 10681 flesch: 45 summary: Wage inequality can therefore be illustrated through this within-firm wage distribution, where a more unequal distribution of wages thoughout the percentiles shows higher wage inequality. Keywords: Exporters; firm-level administrative data; wage premium; wage inequality; wage distribution; South Africa; inclusive growth. keywords: african; distribution; exporters; exporting; figure; firm wage; firms; inequality; non; premium; wage; wage distribution; wage inequality cache: sajems-3014.htm plain text: sajems-3014.txt item: #429 of 660 id: sajems-3028 author: None title: sajems-3028 date: None words: 9157 flesch: 40 summary: References Almalki, M., FitzGerald, G. & Clark, M., 2012, ‘The relationship between quality of work life and turnover intention of primary health care nurses in Saudi Arabia’, BMC Health Services Research 12(1), 314. Whereas many of these relationships can be predicted, using a general theoretical model drawn across work contexts, we suggest that this cohort is not typical of general workers across contexts, given the unique historical context of the country which may have resulted in a new paradigm of work post 1994. keywords: conflict; context; family; intentions; job; levels; life; life balance; relationship; satisfaction; study; support; turnover; turnover intentions; wlbc; work cache: sajems-3028.htm plain text: sajems-3028.txt item: #430 of 660 id: sajems-3043 author: None title: sajems-3043 date: None words: 6120 flesch: 36 summary: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.174 Bersin, J., 2015, Becoming irresistible: A new model for employee engagement, viewed 19 September 2017, from, www.dupree.deloitte.com. Bhuvanaiah, T. & Raya, R.P., 2014, ‘Employee engagement: Key to organizational success’, Journal of Indian Management 11(4), 61–71. Brewster, C., Carey, L., Dowling, P., Globler, P. & Wärnich, S., 2003, Contemporary issues in human resource management: Gaining a competitive advantage, Oxford University Press, Cape Town. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091235 Berdarkar, M. & Pandita, D., 2014, ‘A study on the drivers of employee engagement impacting employee performance’, Procedia – Social and Behavioural Sciences 1(33), 106–115. keywords: absenteeism; employee; employee engagement; engagement; labour; labour productivity; organisation; productivity; quality; rate; south; work cache: sajems-3043.htm plain text: sajems-3043.txt item: #431 of 660 id: sajems-3049 author: None title: sajems-3049 date: None words: 8982 flesch: 41 summary: Programme participants also showed higher motivation to persist in job search efforts (Caplan et al. 1989), were employed in better jobs (in terms of earnings and job satisfaction) A solution that may fill both of these voids could be to consider fostering an entrepreneurial mindset among programme participants. keywords: africa; employment; et al; evaluation; health; intervention; jobs; jobs programme; journal; participants; price; programme; search; south; vinokur; vinokur et; vuori cache: sajems-3049.htm plain text: sajems-3049.txt item: #432 of 660 id: sajems-308 author: Ozturk, Ilhan title: Evaluating the macroeconomic ımpacts of IMF programmes in Latin America, 1975-2004: a GEE analysis date: 2011-09-28 words: 6961 flesch: 50 summary: No 2 Evaluating thE MacroEconoMic iMpacts of iMf prograMMEs in latin aMErica, 1975-2004: a gEE analysis Ilhan Ozturk Faculty of Business and Economics, Cag University, Turkey Abstract Using panel data for 21 Latin American countries over the period 1975–2004, this paper analyses macroeconomic effects of IMF programmes by using GEE methodology. Although IMF programmes have many different objectives, certain characteristics of Fund programmes are linked to its mandate to confront external payment problems. keywords: balance; countries; effects; fund; growth; imf; imf programmes; latin; macroeconomic; payments; programmes; variables cache: sajems-308.pdf plain text: sajems-308.txt item: #433 of 660 id: sajems-3123 author: None title: sajems-3123 date: None words: 7269 flesch: 43 summary: Column 2 of the table tests the hypothesis which suggests that the non-bribing firms’ outcome distributions contain smaller values than the distributions for bribe firms, while the hypothesis under test in column 3 suggests the opposite. A panel analysis by Vial and Hanoteau (2010) based on manufacturing firms in Indonesia also find a positive relationship between firm bribery, output and labour productivity. keywords: bribery; bribes; bribing; corruption; data; firms; level; nigeria; performance; productivity; results; variable; wages; workers cache: sajems-3123.htm plain text: sajems-3123.txt item: #434 of 660 id: sajems-3153 author: None title: sajems-3153 date: None words: 6382 flesch: 46 summary: Keywords: Social accounting matrix; economic impact; university; consumer expenditure; higher education. It is also possible to illustrate the differences in economic impact between universities in metropolitan areas and rural areas. keywords: campus; economic; economy; expenditure; impact; provincial; sam; spending; students; university; year cache: sajems-3153.htm plain text: sajems-3153.txt item: #435 of 660 id: sajems-3219 author: None title: sajems-3219 date: None words: 9328 flesch: 35 summary: In their seminal work on corporate political strategy (CPS) formulation, Hillman and Hitt (1999) elaborated on the theoretical constructs of CPA with specific reference to: (1) response strategies, (2) strategy types, (3) types of CPA – proactive or reactive – and (4) approach to CPA. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0351.2010.00402.x Mathur, I. & Singh, M., 2011, ‘Corporate political strategies’, Accounting & Finance 51(1), 252–277. keywords: activity; african; agribusinesses; associations; cpa; government; land; participants; policy; sector; south; strategies; strategy; uncertainty cache: sajems-3219.htm plain text: sajems-3219.txt item: #436 of 660 id: sajems-3248 author: None title: sajems-3248 date: None words: 9126 flesch: 40 summary: Keywords: Foreign services reportable arrangement; service fee; Government Gazette no. 309650; arrangement; anticipated; Tax Administration Act. OECD, 2013, Addressing base erosion and profit shifting, OECD Publishing, Paris, viewed 06 March 2020, from https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264192744-en OECD, 2015a, Mandatory disclosure rules, Action 12 – 2015, OECD Publishing, Paris, viewed 25 January 2018, from https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264241442-en OECD, 2015b, Model Tax Convention on income and on capital 2014 (full version), OECD Publishing, Paris, viewed 14 November 2017, from https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264239081-en Oxford English Dictionary (OED), 2017, Oxford English Dictionary Online, viewed 27 October 2017, from https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition. PWC, 2016, Foreign services reportable arrangements giving rise to uncertainties, viewed 25 August 2017, from https://www.pwc.co.za/en/assets/pdf/synopsis/synopsis-june-2016.pdf. South African Revenue Service (SARS), 2005, Reportable arrangement guide, viewed 10 April 2017, from http://www.sars.gov.za. keywords: arrangement; arrangement provision; non; reportable; reportable arrangement; resident; services; services reportable; south; south africa; tax; terms cache: sajems-3248.htm plain text: sajems-3248.txt item: #437 of 660 id: sajems-325 author: Coldwell, David AL; Callaghan, Chris W title: The role of internal and external factors on management students’ subject choices date: 2013-09-02 words: 7369 flesch: 46 summary: No 3: 244-257 253 Gottfredson’s (1981) hypothesis; that the process of confronting career perceptions leads to adjustments in career choices. There is no significant difference between perceptions of external career factors and major academic field subject choice. keywords: career; choice; factors; hrm; individual; interest; job; major; management; perceptions; prospects; students; subject; work cache: sajems-325.pdf plain text: sajems-325.txt item: #438 of 660 id: sajems-3251 author: None title: sajems-3251 date: None words: 8110 flesch: 37 summary: https://doi.org/10.5465/apbpp.2002.7517511 Masiya, T., 2014, ‘Social movement trade unionism: Case of the Congress of South African Trade Unions’, Politikon 41(3), 443–460. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589346.2014.975932 Mchunu, S., 2019, ‘Shareholders get tough on executive pay’, Business Report, 08 July, viewed 16 August 2019, from https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/companies/shareholders-get-tough-on-executive-pay-28875344. Nordén, L. & Strand, T., 2011, ‘Shareholder activism among portfolio managers: Rational decision or 15 minutes of fame?’, Journal of Management Governance 15(3), 375–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-009-9114-9 Keywords: Executive remuneration; public shareholder activism; negative press coverage; total pay; bonuses; performance-based incentives. keywords: activism; africa; bussin; challengers; companies; company; compensation; executive; journal; management; pay; performance; public; remuneration; research; shareholder; south cache: sajems-3251.htm plain text: sajems-3251.txt item: #439 of 660 id: sajems-3255 author: None title: sajems-3255 date: None words: 11273 flesch: 43 summary: Al Jifri, K. & Citron, D., 2009, ‘The value-relevance of financial statement recognition versus note disclosure: Evidence from goodwill accounting’, European Accounting Review 18(1), 123–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180802324351 Baldi, F. & Trigeorgis, L., 2009, ‘Assessing the value of growth option synergies from business combinations and testing for goodwill impairment: A real options perspective’, Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 21(4), 115–124. Appendix 3 Statistics for goodwill accounting themes Table 1-A3 represents the statistics relating to the accounting policy themes (columns) in the correspondence table. keywords: accounting; analysis; assets; axis; benefits; business; characteristics; combination; correspondence; goodwill; iasb; ifrs; international; research; standards; value cache: sajems-3255.htm plain text: sajems-3255.txt item: #440 of 660 id: sajems-3269 author: None title: sajems-3269 date: None words: 6029 flesch: 45 summary: Keywords: Automotive parts manufacturing organisation; employee shop floor engagement; employee motivation; labour productivity; shop floor management. Thus, shop floor employee engagement is a psychological and physical demonstration of what the employee understands of their role in the organisation, and the commitment of stewardship that manifests in high productivity levels in their work (Geldenhuys, Laba & Venter 2014). keywords: data; employee; engagement; floor; labour; labour productivity; management; manufacturing; productivity; results; sfm; shop; study cache: sajems-3269.htm plain text: sajems-3269.txt item: #441 of 660 id: sajems-3272 author: None title: sajems-3272 date: None words: 9319 flesch: 41 summary: Chen, C. & Huang, J., 2009, ‘Strategic human resource practices and innovation performance – The mediating role of knowledge management capacity’, Journal of Business Research 62(1), 104–114. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ebd.6400375 Lin, C.Y.Y & Liu, F.C., 2012, ‘A cross-level analysis of organisational creativity climate and perceived innovation: The mediating effect of work motivation’, European Journal of Innovation Management 15(1), 55–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/14601061211192834 Ling, T.C. & Nasurdin, A.M., 2011, ‘Human resource management practices and organisational innovation: Assessing the mediating role of knowledge management effectiveness’, Electronic Journal of Knowledge Management 9(2), 155–167. Matookchund, N.G., 2019, ‘Performance appraisal as driver of individual innovation within and across organisations’, Doctoral thesis, School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa. keywords: effect; iib; innovation; journal; leadership; management; organisations; performance; relationship; results; south; study cache: sajems-3272.htm plain text: sajems-3272.txt item: #442 of 660 id: sajems-3285 author: None title: sajems-3285 date: None words: 10271 flesch: 28 summary: Keywords: entitlement; anticipatory psychological contract; graduates; expectations; obligations. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.549 Janani, S., 2019, Perception of anticipatory psychological contract: A study among postgraduate students, MPhil dissertation, Christ University, Bengaluru. keywords: contract; employees; employer; employment; entitlement; expectations; gresse; items; journal; obligations; pev; relationship; research cache: sajems-3285.htm plain text: sajems-3285.txt item: #443 of 660 id: sajems-3294 author: Ekanem, N. Frank title: US trade and investment in Africa: What are the prospects for the 21st century? date: 2002-03-31 words: 6968 flesch: 59 summary: No 1 for 63 per cent of US exports to the region in 1996. US export of miscellaneous manufactured articles to Egypt and to Nigeria during the period grew at an annual rate of 21.2 per cent and 8.3 per cent respectively. keywords: africa; capita; cent; countries; export; imports; nigeria; products; trade cache: sajems-3294.pdf plain text: sajems-3294.txt item: #444 of 660 id: sajems-3295 author: Blignaut, J. N.; De Wet, T. title: Some recommendations towards reducing electricity consumption in the South African manufacturing sector date: 2001-06-30 words: 7410 flesch: 64 summary: This paper investigates the means of reducing electricity consumption in the South African manufacturing sector. Within the context of global climate change and the negative environmental impact of the externalities associated with the generation of electricity, it is increasingly important to reduce the levels of electricity consumption without jeopardising the manufacturing base of the economy. keywords: africa; capital; change; consumption; e p; electricity; manufacturing; price; south cache: sajems-3295.pdf plain text: sajems-3295.txt item: #445 of 660 id: sajems-3298 author: Govender, K. K. title: Employees' perception of service orientation: An exploratory study date: 2000-03-31 words: 3136 flesch: 54 summary: Service customers were asked to rate each of the twenty-two items on a scale ranging from 1 (worse than expected) to 5 (better than expected). This implies that when employees perceive that the banks are supportive of customer service, this will be reflected in their contact with customers, who then experience service of high quality. keywords: customers; employees; orientation; quality; scale; service cache: sajems-3298.pdf plain text: sajems-3298.txt item: #446 of 660 id: sajems-3299 author: Blackmore, F. L.E. title: A panel data analysis of crime in South Africa date: 2003-09-30 words: 9003 flesch: 54 summary: Secondly, in traditionally black communities where crime rates are higher than in other areas, there is still a distrust of the police and vigilante justice is still common. On-line at the Office of International Criminal Justice: http//www.acsp.uic.edu/oicj/ pubs/cje/060101.htm. 6 CHERRY, T.L. & LIST, J.A. (2002) �Aggregation bias in the economic model of crime�, Economic Letters, 75: 81-86. keywords: africa; crime; crime rate; data; economic; expenditure; income; model; rate; south; types; variable cache: sajems-3299.pdf plain text: sajems-3299.txt item: #447 of 660 id: sajems-3300 author: Ågren, Janet; Nyyssölä, Carita; Stage, Jesper title: The potential for monopoly rents from Etosha National Park, Namibia date: 2003-09-30 words: 5638 flesch: 60 summary: Since there is a risk that higher fees can lead to a loss of visitors to other parks in the region, an additional option might be to increase park fees in collusion with other governments, i.e. form a cartel in order to increase overall revenue from parks. We find that the Namibian government could raise park fees substantially and increase profits from foreign tourists by approximately N$ 2,3 million per year. keywords: costs; countries; etosha; fees; park; percent; roads; tourists cache: sajems-3300.pdf plain text: sajems-3300.txt item: #448 of 660 id: sajems-3301 author: de Wet, T. J.; van Heerden, J. H. title: The dividends from a revenue neutral tax on coal in South Africa date: 2003-09-30 words: 7704 flesch: 52 summary: 2.3.5 The foreign elasticity of demand for South African products South African policy makers will have to consider the objective of increasing future economic growth within a framework that ensures the sustainability of the current economic achievements. keywords: african; coal; economy; effect; increase; labour; model; policy; price; products; south; south africa; tax cache: sajems-3301.pdf plain text: sajems-3301.txt item: #449 of 660 id: sajems-3302 author: Lee, Gregory J. title: Evaluating sectoral training: A utility tool for Setas date: 2003-09-30 words: 5745 flesch: 60 summary: Table 1 Wages as percentage of GDP, whole of S.A. and government services South Africa General government services Output Wages % Output Wages % 1993 R426,132 R218,159 51.2% R62,375 R55,255 88.6% 1994 R482,119 R242,166 50.2% R71,278 R63,435 89.0% 1995 R548,099 R274,676 % 1993 keywords: cent; level; output; percentage; schmidt; skills; training; utility; wages cache: sajems-3302.pdf plain text: sajems-3302.txt item: #450 of 660 id: sajems-3303 author: Pretorius, Marius; van Vuuren, Jurie title: Contribution of support and incentive programs to entrepreneurial orientation and start-up culture in South Africa date: 2003-09-30 words: 4530 flesch: 40 summary: The paper concludes that despite the number of different programs that exist, the concept of entrepreneurial culture to improve EO is not addressed. The focus of this paper, thus, centres on entrepreneurial culture and its role and effect within the society under the premises that when it exists or is high, growth in numbers of entrepreneurs and their associated business ventures will benefit economic development. keywords: african; business; culture; development; entrepreneurship; orientation; programs; south cache: sajems-3303.pdf plain text: sajems-3303.txt item: #451 of 660 id: sajems-3304 author: Vermeulen, Leo title: Line managements involvement in people management: A comparison between South Africa and Australia date: 2003-09-30 words: 3940 flesch: 49 summary: The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical data on expected shifts of people management activities from human resources managers to line managers. The research questions addressed in this study are the following: � To what extent do human resources managers and chief executive officers in South Africa and Australia perceive that line managers will be involved with people management functions in the future? keywords: africa; human; line; management; managers; people; resources; south cache: sajems-3304.pdf plain text: sajems-3304.txt item: #452 of 660 id: sajems-3305 author: van der Walt, R. title: Sharing business information with employees date: 2003-09-30 words: 7534 flesch: 44 summary: Information disclosure is, in fact, an essential element in joint decision-making and in labour relations processes such as dispute resolution, collective bargaining and consultation. Legislation and judicial rulings dealing with information disclosure emerged at different times in different countries. keywords: bargaining; data; disclosure; employees; information; information disclosure; labour; management; representatives; trade; union cache: sajems-3305.pdf plain text: sajems-3305.txt item: #453 of 660 id: sajems-3306 author: Frank, Ashley G. title: Contagion: Does it really exist or is it simply pseudo systemic risk? date: 2003-09-30 words: 6457 flesch: 46 summary: In the wake of the Mexican meltdown, the ability for currency crises to spill contagiously has been hotly debated. Ascertaining whether contagion exists in foreign exchange markets and under what conditions it would inspire currency crises should thus be a high priority for research in open-economy macroeconomics. keywords: attack; contagion; countries; crises; currency; exchange; foreign; fundamentals; model; policy; rate cache: sajems-3306.pdf plain text: sajems-3306.txt item: #454 of 660 id: sajems-3307 author: Brand, H. E.; Pretorius, O. J. title: Employees’ perceptions of performance evaluation in the manufacturing industry date: 2003-09-30 words: 4202 flesch: 44 summary: The aim of performance evaluation systems should be to provide teams with meaningful information to be utilised in decision making. Performance evaluation systems also contain criteria which could relate closely to labour relations. keywords: employees; evaluation; management; organisation; performance; question; system cache: sajems-3307.pdf plain text: sajems-3307.txt item: #455 of 660 id: sajems-3308 author: Struwig, F. W.; Smith, E. E.; Venter, D. J.L. title: Organisational training perspectives in a changing South Africa date: 2003-09-30 words: 6838 flesch: 48 summary: Buckley and Caple (1992: 229), however, argue that many of the ideas and beliefs about training �represent a Utopian world of training� which they cannot imagine ever being realised. � Training should assist people to become change agents in the organisation. keywords: change; development; human; learning; management; organisation; relationship; resources; role; sajems; training; variables cache: sajems-3308.pdf plain text: sajems-3308.txt item: #456 of 660 id: sajems-3309 author: Wessels, Martin; Luiz, John title: The future of the South African retail pharmacy industry in the light of international experience and the changing healthcare market date: 2003-09-30 words: 5842 flesch: 61 summary: In addition, the competition from large discount pharmacies offering big discounts on medicines are also having a negative effect on their businesses. The paper evaluates how the changing South African healthcare market is likely to affect the future of retail pharmacy. keywords: africa; aids; doctors; healthcare; market; medicines; pharmacies; pharmacy; sector; south cache: sajems-3309.pdf plain text: sajems-3309.txt item: #457 of 660 id: sajems-331 author: Conradie, Beatrice; Garcia, Maria title: An estimate of the recreational value of the Agulhas Plain, South Africa, with special reference to the value of plant biodiversity date: 2013-05-31 words: 7791 flesch: 61 summary: No 2 T a b l e 2 Summary statistics of a sample of Agulhas Plain visits in 2010 Variable n Mean SD Min Max Age 368 43 13 18 78 Gender (1 = female) 368 0.53 0.50 0 1 Education 349 Incomplete high school 2% High school completed 16% Trade certificate 28% Bachelor’s or honours degree 36% Master’s or PhD 13% Other 4% Origin 370 Western Cape Province 61% Gauteng Province 10% Rest of South Africa 11% International 19% Duration of Agulhas visit 370 5 7 1 90 Duration of full journey 370 14 36 1 365 First visit D 370 0.36 0.48 0 1 Income distribution 312 Inc1 ≤ Key words: recreational value, biodiversity valuation, individual travel cost model, Agulhas Plain JEL: Q260, 210 1 Introduction Recreational sites are recognised as public goods which are undervalued by the market and therefore depend on public investment for their support. keywords: agulhas; annum; biodiversity; cost; demand; model; nature; plain; site; total; travel; trip; value; variable; visitors; visits cache: sajems-331.pdf plain text: sajems-331.txt item: #458 of 660 id: sajems-3310 author: Tustin, D. H.; Strydom, J. W. title: Measuring the impact of advertising and promotion expenditure at national, industry and company levels in South Africa date: 2003-09-30 words: 5228 flesch: 53 summary: ABSTRACT Sound record-keeping of advertising expenditure figures in South Africa allows for a relative accurate assessment of the impact of advertising expenditure at national, industry and company level. The first part of the study aimed to access the impact of advertising expenditure at national, industry and company level. keywords: advertising; africa; company; expenditure; industry; mail; marketing; promotion; south cache: sajems-3310.pdf plain text: sajems-3310.txt item: #459 of 660 id: sajems-3311 author: Loots, Elsabe title: Globalisation and economic growth in South Africa: Do we benefit from trade and financial liberalisation? date: 2003-06-30 words: 9082 flesch: 49 summary: A leading study on capital account liberalisation, published in the political science field by Quinn (1997), is widely used by economists. No 2 228 between capital account liberalisation and GDP per capita growth and questions whether capital flows enhance economic efficiency. keywords: account; average; capital; cent; countries; gdp; growth; liberalisation; market; openness; period; south; trade cache: sajems-3311.pdf plain text: sajems-3311.txt item: #460 of 660 id: sajems-3312 author: Cameron, Robert; Sewell, Bill title: The implementation of performance management in the Cape Town Municipality: 1996-2000 date: 2003-06-30 words: 6915 flesch: 35 summary: Possibly because of their inexperience in the design and implementation of performance management processes, political leadership and executive management did not adequately build in fundamental PM processes. PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT – DEFINITIONS Armstrong (1994: 23) defines performance management as a method of establishing shared understanding about what is to be achieved, and an approach to managing and developing people in a way that increases the probability that defined outputs will be achieved in both the short and longer terms. keywords: business; cape; city; council; ctm; development; indicators; management; objectives; performance; performance management; town cache: sajems-3312.pdf plain text: sajems-3312.txt item: #461 of 660 id: sajems-3313 author: Lalthapersad, Pinky title: Historical analysis of African women workers in South Africa during the period 1900 to 2000 date: 2003-06-30 words: 4554 flesch: 58 summary: The interlocking effects of racism, classism and sexism exposed African women to income and job insecurity. Historically, access of African women to the labour market was shaped by the gendered nature of the migrant labour system and by legal measures that restricted women’s entry into urban areas and waged work. keywords: african; jobs; labour; market; south; vol; women; work; workers cache: sajems-3313.pdf plain text: sajems-3313.txt item: #462 of 660 id: sajems-3314 author: Mostert, F. J. title: Internal risk financing with special reference to contingency funds date: 2003-06-30 words: 5119 flesch: 51 summary: As this paper focuses on the latter of these concepts, due attention is paid to the main forms of internal risk financing. Charging losses to current operating profit, arranging loan facilities and implementing equity financing programmes are different forms of internal risk financing. keywords: contingency; contingency fund; fund; insurance; rate; risk; value cache: sajems-3314.pdf plain text: sajems-3314.txt item: #463 of 660 id: sajems-3315 author: Moolman, Elna title: Predicting turning points in the South African economy date: 2003-06-30 words: 5108 flesch: 55 summary: Despite the existence of macroeconomic models and composite indices of leading business cycle indicators, policymakers and market participants can benefit significantly if it is possible to look at only a single indicator such as the stock exchange or an interest rate in predicting business cycle turning points. 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Estrella and Mishkin (1998) compared the performance of various financial variables, including four term structures of interest rates, stock prices, monetary aggregates, indices of leading indicators and other economic variables such as GDP, CPI and exchange rates, as predictors of US recessions. keywords: business; index; indicators; interest; rate; recession; term; year cache: sajems-3315.pdf plain text: sajems-3315.txt item: #464 of 660 id: sajems-3316 author: Lubbe, Berendien title: A study of corporate travel management in selected South African organisations and a conceptual model for effective corporate travel management date: 2003-06-30 words: 8328 flesch: 49 summary: No 2 307 Furthermore Wilkinson (2001) stresses the importance of working relationships in effective corporate travel management: “Travel management has never been for the faint of heart. In this article the key elements of corporate travel management are identified and the results of a survey conducted on the way in which corporate travel is managed in terms of each of these elements in selected South African organisations is reported. keywords: companies; expenditure; figure; management; organisations; policy; sajems; suppliers; travel; travel management; travellers; use; value; vol cache: sajems-3316.pdf plain text: sajems-3316.txt item: #465 of 660 id: sajems-3317 author: Vivian, Robert W. title: Solving Daniel Bernoulli’s St Petersburg paradox: The paradox which is not and never was date: 2003-06-30 words: 6646 flesch: 74 summary: No 2 336 happen if he accepts $8 per game and M games are played. If Peter is prepared to accept $8 per game, millions of Pauls may be prepared to play games for that amount. keywords: emv; game; number; paradox; paul; petersburg; term cache: sajems-3317.pdf plain text: sajems-3317.txt item: #466 of 660 id: sajems-3318 author: Kandiero, Tonia; Wadhawan, Satish title: Institutional quality, openness, and investment in Africa date: 2003-06-30 words: 6798 flesch: 53 summary: Overall, the 7 models have demonstrated that for trade openness to be more successful, the quality of institutions plays an important role. Overall, the 7 models in Table 2 have demonstrated that for trade openness to be more successful, the quality of institutions plays an important role. keywords: corruption; countries; data; economic; government; growth; impact; investment; model; openness; quality; trade; vol cache: sajems-3318.pdf plain text: sajems-3318.txt item: #467 of 660 id: sajems-3319 author: Djolov, George G. title: South African pharmaceutical prices: An international price comparison date: 2003-06-30 words: 5833 flesch: 58 summary: The results provide little support for the view that South African prices are in need of controls over and above those already existing through competition. For instance in 2001, for directly comparable products, relative to South African prices US prices were 220 per cent higher, UK prices were 40 per cent higher, German prices 19 per cent higher, Danish prices 24 per cent higher, and for the Netherlands 29 per SAJEMS NS Vol 6 (2003) keywords: africa; country; income; international; prices; products; public; sector; south; tender cache: sajems-3319.pdf plain text: sajems-3319.txt item: #468 of 660 id: sajems-3320 author: Jordaan, A. C.; Jordaan, Y. title: An inter-disciplinary perspective on the information privacy issue in a global environment date: 2003-06-30 words: 6014 flesch: 44 summary: The paper concludes that consumer information privacy will always remain an issue of protection for consumers, an ethical issue for marketers, and is fast becoming an issue of social responsibility for government. In this paper, using an inter-disciplinary approach, some effort is made to address consumer information privacy from a marketing, economic, and global perspective, with reference to South Africa as one of the role players in the global environment. keywords: businesses; consumers; data; exchange; information; information privacy; issue; marketing; privacy; protection; rights cache: sajems-3320.pdf plain text: sajems-3320.txt item: #469 of 660 id: sajems-3321 author: Fourie, Leon de W.; Jager, Johan de title: The impact of legislative changes in the tobacco industry on South Africans: Clearing the air date: 2003-06-30 words: 7461 flesch: 58 summary: This is done by conducting an empirical investigation of the attitudes and behaviour of smokers and non-smokers regarding the national government campaigns against tobacco products. This has led to the Tobacco Products Control Amendment Act, 1999 (Act 12 of 1999), prohibiting the advertising and promotion of tobacco products; prohibiting the free distribution of tobacco products; limiting smoking in public places including the workplace and; allowing for the regulation of the nicotine and tar levels of tobacco. keywords: act; amendment act; control; health; industry; percent; products; smokers; smoking; south; tobacco; tobacco products cache: sajems-3321.pdf plain text: sajems-3321.txt item: #470 of 660 id: sajems-3322 author: Booysen, F. le R. title: HIV/AIDS and poverty: Evidence from the Free State province date: 2003-06-30 words: 7731 flesch: 55 summary: Figure 4 Incidence of poverty in affected and non-affected households by incidence of illness and/or death (wave I) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 Poverty line (Rand per adult equivalent) H ea d co u n t P ov er ty I n d ex ( % ) Affected households suffering illness/death Affected households not suffering illness/death Non-affected households suffering illness/death Non-affected households suffering no illness/death In the case of affected households (i.e. households including at least one person known to be HIV-positive), the incidence of poverty indeed is higher amongst affected households that have experienced illness and/or death than in affected households where this is not the case, regardless of the poverty line employed in quantifying the extent of poverty. This could be the result of these households being in a better position than affected households to cope with the resulting loss of supply of labor and household income, e.g. having access to medical aid and having other household members in employment. keywords: adult; aids; death; hiv; households; illness; income; line; non; poverty; total; wave cache: sajems-3322.pdf plain text: sajems-3322.txt item: #471 of 660 id: sajems-3324 author: Dickinson, David title: Managing HIV/AIDS in the South African workplace: Just another duty? date: 2003-03-31 words: 10573 flesch: 53 summary: 21 SCHNEIDER, H. & STEIN, J. (2001) “Implementing AIDS policy in post-apartheid South Africa,” Social Science and Medicine, 52:723-31. AIDS constitutes a critical threat to the development of South Africa, yet the response to date has been slow and often confused. keywords: aids; business; cent; company; deco; employees; hiv; management; number; programme; response; sajems; south; vol; workplace cache: sajems-3324.pdf plain text: sajems-3324.txt item: #472 of 660 id: sajems-3325 author: Pienaar, J.; Rothmann, S.; Rothmann, J. C. title: The evaluation of a self-development programme for managers in a corporate pharmacy group date: 2003-03-31 words: 7655 flesch: 46 summary: Möller, Rothmann, Rothmann, Coetzer and Swart (2000) recommended that development programmes for managers in pharmacy groups should start with self-development. Two further themes that received support were the need for continuous self-development and ongoing evaluation of personal development needs, as well as greater tolerance for and empathy with other people. keywords: control; development; development programme; group; learning; managers; participants; post; programme; rothmann; sajems; self; test; vol cache: sajems-3325.pdf plain text: sajems-3325.txt item: #473 of 660 id: sajems-3326 author: Umoren, Ntiedo J. title: Does trust influence the informal lending decision? An investigative analysis date: 2003-03-31 words: 5666 flesch: 47 summary: In order to address these two issues, this paper attempts to develop a framework for the clarification of the concepts of instant trust and instant cooperation. In the sections that follow, a theoretical concept of instant trust and instant cooperation and their relevance in the informal lending/investing process is discussed. keywords: analysis; cooperation; decision; high; instant; investment; lending; low; trust cache: sajems-3326.pdf plain text: sajems-3326.txt item: #474 of 660 id: sajems-3327 author: Snelgar, R. J.; Potgieter, T. title: An exploratory study of group Adverse Impact in a recruitment and selection strategy date: 2003-03-31 words: 3326 flesch: 47 summary: If group Adverse Impact is disregarded, the elimination of unlawful employ- ment practices will be compromised. 19 WOLLACK, S. (1994) “Confronting Adverse Impact in cognitive examinations”, Public Personnel Management, 23. keywords: analysis; employment; impact; job; selection; stage; strategy cache: sajems-3327.pdf plain text: sajems-3327.txt item: #475 of 660 id: sajems-3328 author: Kotzé, J. G. title: Strategic supremacy in the hypercompetitive 21st Century date: 2003-03-31 words: 6497 flesch: 41 summary: According to this viewpoint, competitive strategy entails the deliberate choice of a different set of activities to deliver a unique mix of value. This author provides a good prescription for a dynamic positioning strategy, under extremely uncertain conditions, which may serve as the first guideline for strategic supremacy: Guideline 1 In highly-competitive, 21st century conditions: • Identify, exploit and protect a distinctive strategic position in an attractive industry; • Continuously search for new strategic positions in established, as well as other industries, on a national as well as an international level; • Manage and balance the shifting requirements of both positions simultaneously; • Make a well-managed transition to the new strategic position, and then • Start the cycle again. keywords: advantage; business; century; competencies; industry; management; organisation; review; strategy; value cache: sajems-3328.pdf plain text: sajems-3328.txt item: #476 of 660 id: sajems-3329 author: Kebonang, Zein title: Value-Added Tax and its implication for the provision of private health services in Botswana date: 2003-03-31 words: 2865 flesch: 55 summary: The escalation in costs confines patients to the following options: either to switch over to government health services or to stop treatment altogether. Except for certain drugs, the Act provides for a uniform tax rate of 10 percent3 that must be paid by patients and collected by medical practitioners in respect of private health services. keywords: care; government; health; sector; services; vat cache: sajems-3329.pdf plain text: sajems-3329.txt item: #477 of 660 id: sajems-3330 author: van Rooyen, Enslin J. title: A new approach to managing community participation and stakeholder negotiation in South African local government date: 2003-03-31 words: 6350 flesch: 31 summary: Municipal-community partnerships As community participation processes become increasingly institutionalized, practical municipal-community partnership ventures will become more prevalent. STAKEHOLDER NEGOTIATION AS PART OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION While municipal integrated development planning-processes are unfolding and local economic development-projects are being launched, local communities should be afforded the opportunity to participate in processes to articulate their expectations and to prioritize their needs. keywords: community; development; government; municipal; negotiation; participation; partnerships; process; public; south; stakeholder cache: sajems-3330.pdf plain text: sajems-3330.txt item: #478 of 660 id: sajems-3331 author: Terblanche, N. S.; Boshoff, C. title: The controllable elements of the total retail experience: A study of clothing shoppers date: 2003-03-31 words: 4991 flesch: 48 summary: In a study of speciality store customers, Thorpe and Avery (1983) found that customers were willing to travel longer distances and pay higher prices in order to be served by knowledgeable sales personnel. These are: merchandise value, internal store environment, personal interaction with staff, merchandise variety and complaint handling. keywords: dimensions; elements; experience; factor; items; merchandise; quality; store; total; tre; variety cache: sajems-3331.pdf plain text: sajems-3331.txt item: #479 of 660 id: sajems-3332 author: North, E. J.; Kotzé, T.; Stark, O.; de Vos, R. title: The power of branding: Revisiting an “old friend” date: 2003-03-31 words: 6746 flesch: 60 summary: Brand types relate to a classification of the type of brand name used for a specific individual product, while brand strategy refers to a firm’s broader approach to the branding of its product range(s), or as Laforet & Saunders (1999: 51) explain, to: “… the ways firms mix and match their corporate, house, and individual brand names on their products”. Brands are also directly responsible for generating shareholder value. keywords: africa; brand; branding; chernatony; consumers; heineken; laforet; management; marketing; product; sajems; saunders; south; vol cache: sajems-3332.pdf plain text: sajems-3332.txt item: #480 of 660 id: sajems-3333 author: Bouare, Oumar; Tlabela, Khuli; Struwig, Jaré; Langa, Zakes title: The impact of economic globalisation on the South African auto industry date: 2003-03-31 words: 6860 flesch: 58 summary: Trade line values D1: And its engines are free trade and government hands-off economic policies. keywords: african; auto industry; employment; exit function; industry; south; stay; trade; trade line; trade zone; zone cache: sajems-3333.pdf plain text: sajems-3333.txt item: #481 of 660 id: sajems-3334 author: Osman, Abubaker; Groenewald, J. A. title: Agricultural development problems in a newly independent, war-ravaged country: Eritrea date: 2003-03-31 words: 7358 flesch: 50 summary: A host of factors have restricted agricultural development, leading to insufficient productio n to even satisfy an underdeveloped local market. No 1 213 education, agricultural training and health education must be regarded as the essential prerequisite for agricultural development. keywords: agriculture; cent; countries; development; eritrea; food; growth; imports; marketing; policy; production; sector; trade; vol cache: sajems-3334.pdf plain text: sajems-3334.txt item: #482 of 660 id: sajems-3338 author: Crockett, Andrew title: International financial stability: How can it be restored and maintained? date: 1999-06-30 words: 5495 flesch: 55 summary: A related development has been liberalisation in financial markets. Financial markets are now so open and innovative that it would be almost impossible to roll back the tide of liberalisation, even if it were judged to be desirable. keywords: capital; countries; financial; institutions; market; system cache: sajems-3338.pdf plain text: sajems-3338.txt item: #483 of 660 id: sajems-3346 author: None title: sajems-3346 date: None words: 8975 flesch: 35 summary: Abstract Introduction Theoretical background, prior research and hypotheses Research data, design and methodology Results Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References Footnotes About the Author(s) Frank Sampong School of Management and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China Office of the Dean of Students’ Affairs, Kumasi Technical University, Kumasi, Ghana Na Song School of Management and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China Gilbert K. Amoako Department of Accountancy and Accounting Information Systems, Business School, Kumasi Technical University, Kumasi, Ghana Kingsley O. Boahene School of Management and Economics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China Department of Liberal Studies, Business School, Kumasi Technical University, Kumasi, Ghana Citation Sampong, F., Song, N., Amoako, G.K. & Boahene, K.O., 2021, ‘Voluntary social performance disclosure and firm profitability of South African listed firms: Examining the complementary role of board independence and managerial ownership’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 24(1), a3346. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v24i1.3346 Original Research Voluntary social performance disclosure and firm profitability of South African listed firms: Examining the complementary role of board independence and managerial ownership Frank Sampong, Na Song, Gilbert K. Amoako, Kingsley O. Boahene Received: 09 Aug. 2019; Accepted: 07 Sept. 2020; Published: 11 Jan. 2021 Copyright: Aim: Firstly, the aim is to re-investigate voluntary social performance disclosure (SPD) and long-term profitability association from the perspective of international standards, using the Global Reporting Initiative G3.1 guidelines. keywords: csr; disclosure; firm; governance; journal; literature; management; performance; profitability; research; spd; study; table; term cache: sajems-3346.htm plain text: sajems-3346.txt item: #484 of 660 id: sajems-3350 author: None title: sajems-3350 date: None words: 7495 flesch: 38 summary: Bianchi, F., Ilut, C.L. & Schneider, M., 2017, Uncertainty shocks, asset supply and pricing over the business cycle, Working Paper 20081, National Bureau of Economic Research, viewed 14 July 2017, from http://www.nber.org/papers/w20081. Bloom, N., 2009, ‘The impact of uncertainty shocks’, Econometrica 77(3), 623–685, viewed 21 March 2017, from http://www.jstor.org.uplib.idm.oclc.org/stable/40263840. Bloom, N., 2014, ‘Fluctuations in uncertainty’, Journal of Economic Perspectives 28(2), 153–176, viewed 12 July 2017, from http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1257/jep.28.2.153. Time-varying impulse responses show that the impact of uncertainty shocks on the selected macroeconomic variables has declined systematically over time. keywords: epu; impact; index; model; period; policy; production; shock; time; uncertainty; var; variables; yield cache: sajems-3350.htm plain text: sajems-3350.txt item: #485 of 660 id: sajems-3353 author: None title: sajems-3353 date: None words: 7210 flesch: 35 summary: Labour relationship trust is a complex and dynamic social phenomenon that entails far more than mere compliance with laws and formalised work regulations (Searle & Skinner 2011). Definitions The following definitions were accepted for purposes of this article: Labour relationship trust can be defined as the willingness of a labour relationship stakeholder to rely on another relationship stakeholder to behave in an agreed upon or expected manner (Searle & Skinner 2011). keywords: compliance; ehlers; fairness; faith; labour; levels; perceptions; plrs; relationship; research; subordinate; trust levels cache: sajems-3353.htm plain text: sajems-3353.txt item: #486 of 660 id: sajems-34 author: Chan, Kai-Ying Alice; Oerlemans, Leon; Pretorius, Thinus title: Innovation outcomes of South African new technology-based firms: a contribution to the debate on the performance of science park firms date: 2011-12-06 words: 10417 flesch: 48 summary: The observations in the later section pointed to the various dimensions of innovation outcomes used in the science park literature and suggested that the outcomes of innovation processes of science park firms can be observed at different stages of this process. We therefore advise scholars researching the performance of science park firms to start their empirical research from a broad conceptualization of innovation outcomes and not to focus on just one outcome dimension, which is often the case in current research. keywords: capacity; firms; innovation; innovation outcomes; knowledge; new; outcomes; park; performance; products; research; sales; science; science park; services; studies; study cache: sajems-34.pdf plain text: sajems-34.txt item: #487 of 660 id: sajems-3413 author: None title: sajems-3413 date: None words: 7927 flesch: 32 summary: A 2010 study (reviewed in 2016) conducted by the Department of Energy (DOE) showed that the investment backlog in electricity distribution infrastructure investment stands at R68 billion. Abstract Introduction Literature review Research methodology Discussion of the results Recommendations Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Bongani Khonjelwayo National Energy Regulator of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa Thilivhali Nthakheni National Energy Regulator of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa Citation Khonjelwayo, B. & Nthakheni, T, 2020, ‘Investment in electricity distribution capital infrastructure in South Africa: keywords: africa; capital; cost; distribution; eds; electricity; energy; infrastructure; investment; municipalities; nersa; regulation; south; tariffs cache: sajems-3413.htm plain text: sajems-3413.txt item: #488 of 660 id: sajems-3416 author: None title: sajems-3416 date: None words: 9791 flesch: 47 summary: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818314000277 Bank of England (BoE), 1946, Bank of England Act 1946, viewed 04 October 2019, from https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1946/27/pdfs/ukpga_19460027_en.pdf. Caruana, J., 2013, The changing nature of central bank independence, speech delivered at the Bank of Mexico international conference on ‘Central bank independence – Progress and challenges’, Mexico City, 14–15 October 2013, viewed 04 October 2019, from https://www.bis.org/speeches/sp131017.pdf. https://doi.org/10.2307/2673879 Epstein, G., 2008, ‘An employment targeting framework for central bank policy in South Africa’, International Review of Applied Economics 22(2), 243–258. keywords: african; bank; employment; government; growth; independence; inflation; mandate; policy; price; reserve; sarb; shareholders; south; stability cache: sajems-3416.htm plain text: sajems-3416.txt item: #489 of 660 id: sajems-3421 author: None title: sajems-3421 date: None words: 268 flesch: 23 summary: Acknowledgement About the Author(s) Renier Steyn Centre for Work Performance, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa Graduate School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa, Midrand, South Africa G.P. (Deon) de Bruin Centre for Work Performance, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa Citation Steyn, R. & De Bruin, G.P., 2019, ‘Corrigendum: The structural validity and measurement invariance across gender of the Brief Corporate Entrepreneurship Assessment Instrument’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 22(1), a3421. Authors: Renier Steyn1,2 G.P. (Deon) de Bruin1 Affiliations: 1Centre for Work Performance, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa 2Graduate School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa, Midrand, South Africa Acknowledgement This article stems from Renier Steyn’s thesis, entitled ‘Antecedents of innovation in organisations: A gender perspective’ presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the PhD degree at the University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa. keywords: johannesburg cache: sajems-3421.htm plain text: sajems-3421.txt item: #490 of 660 id: sajems-3429 author: None title: sajems-3429 date: None words: 6299 flesch: 38 summary: Moral intelligence has a significant, positive influence on principled leader behaviour. Keywords: ethical leadership; moral intelligence; principled leadership; leader trust; organisational citizenship behaviour. keywords: behaviour; engelbrecht; et al; fit; intelligence; leadership; model; ocb; relationship; study; trust cache: sajems-3429.htm plain text: sajems-3429.txt item: #491 of 660 id: sajems-3430 author: None title: sajems-3430 date: None words: 7164 flesch: 48 summary: The functions of the RTMC range from training of traffic personnel, provision of road traffic information and vehicle registration and licensing to road traffic law enforcement and adjudication of road traffic offences. Abstract Introduction Conceptual framework The road safety situation in South Africa Adherence to road safety laws in South Africa Enforcement of road safety laws in South Africa Conclusion and policy implications Acknowledgements References Footnotes About the Author(s) Sophia du Plessis Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa Ada Jansen Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa Krige Siebrits Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa Citation Du Plessis, S., Jansen, A. & Siebrits, K., 2020, ‘The limits of laws: Traffic law enforcement in South Africa’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 23(1), a3430. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v23i1.3430 Original Research The limits of laws: Traffic law enforcement in South Africa Sophia du Plessis, Ada Jansen, Krige Siebrits Received: 18 Oct. 2019; Accepted: 21 Jan. 2020; Published: 20 Apr. 2020 Copyright: © 2020. keywords: africa; enforcement; institutions; law; laws; offences; road; road safety; safety; south; south africa; traffic cache: sajems-3430.htm plain text: sajems-3430.txt item: #492 of 660 id: sajems-3431 author: None title: sajems-3431 date: None words: 6951 flesch: 41 summary: It has implications for a variety of policy interventions, such as fiscal policy (using tax multipliers), labour policy (using employment multipliers), poverty and development policy (using income multipliers), investment policy (using investment multipliers), trade policy (using export multipliers), growth and industrial policy (output multipliers, GVA multipliers, GDP multipliers, and gross operating surplus [GOS] multipliers), small, medium and micro-sized enterprises policy (using small business corporation [SBS] instead of tax multipliers), and so on. Data and empirical framework Data Given a hypothetical R1 million increase in final demand, which economic sector would have yielded high tax multipliers? keywords: africa; economic; economy; employment; increase; industry; jobs; model; multipliers; output; policy; south; supply; tax cache: sajems-3431.htm plain text: sajems-3431.txt item: #493 of 660 id: sajems-3435 author: None title: sajems-3435 date: None words: 7404 flesch: 33 summary: Synthesizing a giant literature on causes and consequences of financial sector development’, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 6655, October, World Bank, Washington, DC. Abstract Background: There is now significant empirical literature suggesting that finance is good for growth only up to a threshold level of financial development, becoming harmful after that level, in developed and developing countries. keywords: countries; credit; development; economic; finance; growth; levels; literature; non; relationship; results; sector; threshold cache: sajems-3435.htm plain text: sajems-3435.txt item: #494 of 660 id: sajems-3437 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2019-12-12 words: 553 flesch: 34 summary: Alain Pholo Bala Alda Deas Alewyn Nel Anak A.G.S. Utama Ankur Nandedkar Anton Styger Asheer J. Ram Badar N. Ashraf Calvin M. Mabaso Carike Claassen Caro Janse van Rensburg Chantel Harris Charlene Lew Charles Machete Chris W. Callaghan Clarise Mostert Claudette Rabie Daniel Maduku Daniela-Tatiana Agheorghiesei (Corodeanu) Derek Yu Dider Bensadon Elroy E. Smith Emmanuel Orkoh Ermie Steenkamp Ewert P.J. Kleynhans Ferdinand Niyimbanira Gabriel Mhonyera Gary W. van Vuuren George F. Nel Gert Holtzhausen Gideon van Riet Giovanna Bertella Goosain Solomon Hester Spies Irsad Andriyanto Jacques Siebrits Jen Snowball Jiri Sejkora Joel H. Eita Johannes I.F. Henning John Hart Johnny van der Merwe Lauren A. Jordaan Leon T. de Beer Lizelle Brink Lukas I. Ehlers Margie Sutherland Maria Santana Marianne Matthee Marinda Pretorius Marius van Oordt Marius Venter Mark Bussin Melissa van der Merwe Mia Bothma Michael Buchling Michele Coletti Mihaela Herciu Mihalis G. Chasomeris Mike Nyawo Monica V. Achim Mornay Roberts-Lombard Moses M. Sichei Nhlanhla C. Mbatha Nickson H. Odongo Noleen Pisa Nyasha Mahonye Olorunjuwon M. Samuel Petrus D. Strydom Philip Steenkamp Phillip F. Blaauw Pieter Buys Pieter van der Zwan Pieter J. van Schalkwyk Priviledge Chenteni Raveen Rathilall Renier Steyn Riaan Rossouw Robert W.D. Zondo Samuel M. Muriithi Stephanie Rossouw Talita Greyling Veronique Blum Vivence Kalitanyi Willem Coetzee Willem H. Boshoff http://www.sajems.org� https://sajems.org� https://sajems.org� https://sajems.org� https://sajems.org/index.php/sajems/user https://sajems.org/index.php/sajems/user mailto:publishing@aosis.co.za Page 1 of 1 Reviewer Acknowledgement http://www.sajems.org Open Access Acknowledgement to reviewers In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https://sajems.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. keywords: journal; management; reviewer; sciences; van cache: sajems-3437.pdf plain text: sajems-3437.txt item: #495 of 660 id: sajems-3453 author: None title: sajems-3453 date: None words: 7176 flesch: 31 summary: The final hypothesis showed the positive and significant effect of trade facilitation on international trade through logistics performance (β = 0.240 P < 0.001), indicating that trade logistics performance mediated the effects of trade facilitation on international trade. This article investigates the role that trade logistics plays in the volume and value of international trade and the extent to which poor-quality logistics constitute a barrier to trade. keywords: analysis; costs; countries; data; effect; international; journal; logistics; logistics performance; mediation; performance; relationship; research; trade; trade facilitation; transport; world cache: sajems-3453.htm plain text: sajems-3453.txt item: #496 of 660 id: sajems-3467 author: None title: sajems-3467 date: None words: 11533 flesch: 35 summary: Sharpe ratio portfolios. Sharpe ratio portfolios, as they exhibited the lowest average correlation with all the top-performing portfolios under consideration. keywords: denominator; denotes; deviation; investment; journal; market; momentum; performance; perspective; portfolio; ratio; returns; risk; sharpe; sharpe ratio; strategy; study; year cache: sajems-3467.htm plain text: sajems-3467.txt item: #497 of 660 id: sajems-3479 author: None title: sajems-3479 date: None words: 12209 flesch: 51 summary: Department of Minerals Resources, 2010, Operating and developing black empowerment mining companies in the Republic of South Africa, DME, Pretoria. Based on the directories of operating and developing BEE companies provided by the Department of Minerals and Energy there is an indication that black-owned companies have grown from 67 in 2007 to 112 in 201021 as indicated in Figure 3. FIGURE 3: Number of black economic empowerment companies by commodities. keywords: africa; american; anglo; assets; bee; black; charter; coal; companies; company; deals; empowerment; equity; gold; government; johannesburg; mining; mining companies; people; platinum; policy; resources; shares; south cache: sajems-3479.htm plain text: sajems-3479.txt item: #498 of 660 id: sajems-3490 author: Office, Editorial title: Table of Contents Vol 22, No 1 (2019) date: 2019-12-19 words: 1567 flesch: -88 summary: A data envelopment analysis application Ayodotun S. Ibidunni, Joachim A. Abiodun, Oyebisi M. Ibidunni, Maxwell A. Olokundun South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 22, No 1 | a2159 | 29 January 2019 Original Research A high unemployment and labour market segmentation: A three-segment macroeconomic model Philippe Burger, Frederick Fourie South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 22, No 1 | a2103 | 25 February 2019 Original Research The unemployed and the formal and informal sectors in South Africa: A macroeconomic analysis Philippe Burger, Frederick Fourie South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 22, No 1 | a2104 | 25 February 2019 Original Research The effect of work engagement on total quality management practices in a petrochemical organisation Dinko H. Boikanyo, Marita M. Heyns South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 22, No 1 | a2334 | 26 February 2019 Original Research Modelling the link between supply chain risk, flexibility and performance in the public sector Khomotso Mhelembe, Chengedzai Mafini South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 22, No 1 | a2368 | 25 March 2019 Original Research A motivation for banks in emerging economies to adapt agency ratings when assessing corporate credit Tanja Verster, Riaan de Jongh, Simon Greenberg, Erika Fourie, Dries de Wet South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 22, No 1 | a2818 | 25 March 2019 1 5 14 23 35 47 60 72 Vol 22, No 1 (2019) The effect of transformational leadership on intention to quit through perceived organisational support, organisational justice and trust Amos Engelbrecht, Olorunjuwon M. Samuel South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 22, No 1 | a2338 | 12 June 2019 Original Research Access to micro- and informal loans: Evaluating the impact on the quality of life of poor females in South Africa Talita Greyling, Stephanié Rossouw South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 22, No 1 | a2944 | 27 June 2019 Original Research Modelling effect of valuable resources on franchise outlet performance: Dynamic sensing capability as mediator Jilson Zimuto, Rachel Maritz South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 22, No 1 | a2706 | 09 July 2019 Original Research Tax revenue mobilisation: Estimates of South Africa’s personal income tax gap Chengetai Dare, Sophia du Plessis, Ada Jansen South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 22, No 1 | a2817 | 15 July 2019 Original Research Examining intra-African tourism: A trade theory perspective Adam H. Viljoen, Andrea Saayman, Melville Saayman South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 22, No 1 | a2860 | 22 July 2019 Original Research A tale of two ships: Follower attributions of leadership with reference to team morale in an air traffic control centre Lonell Coetzee, Sanchen Henning South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 22, No 1 | a2109 | 26 August 2019 159 169 181 189 197 211 220 228 238 Original Research Economic impact assessment of a South African university campus: A case for promoting on-campus contact learning David Dyason, Riaan Rossouw, Ewert P.J. Kleynhans South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 22, No 1 | a3153 | 29 August 2019 Original Research Re-examining the ability to explain future South African banking share returns: A data envelopment analysis approach Chris van Heerden, Johan Coetzee South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 22, No 1 | a2852 | 16 September 2019 Original Research Public ‘say on pay’ activism in South Africa: Targets, challengers, themes and impact Suzette Viviers, Nadia Mans-Kemp, Linda Kallis, Kristen Mckenzie South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 22, No 1 | a3251 | 22 October 2019 Original Research The preparation, training and support requirements of expatriate trailing spouses Emma-Louise Webber, Adolf J. Vögel South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 22, No 1 | a2703 | 27 November 2019 Original Research Assessing the business case for environmental, social and corporate governance practices in South Africa Ruth Johnson, Nadia Mans-Kemp, Pierre D. Erasmus South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 22, No 1 | a2727 | 28 November 2019 Original Research A conceptual framework for inclusive economics Arno van Niekerk South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 22, No 1 | a2915 | 29 November 2019 Original Research Subjective well-being impact of old age pension in South Africa: A difference in difference analysis across the gender divide Umakrishnan Kollamparambil, Mfongeh N. Etinzock South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 22, No 1 | a2996 | 06 December 2019 Original Research Structure and an unstable business operating environment: Revisiting Burns and Stalker’s organisation-environment theory in Zimbabwe’s manufacturing sector Ntandoyenkosi Sibindi, Olorunjuwon M. Samuel South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 22, No 1 | a2113 | 10 December 2019 New Perspective keywords: african; journal; management sciences; research; south; vol cache: sajems-3490.pdf plain text: sajems-3490.txt item: #499 of 660 id: sajems-3496 author: None title: sajems-3496 date: None words: 8411 flesch: 39 summary: Abstract Introduction Materials and methods Results Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Benjamin Azembila Asunka School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China School of Business and Management Studies, Bolgatanga Technical University, Bolgatanga, Ghana Zhiqiang Ma School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China Mingxing Li School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China Oswin Aganda Anaba School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China School of Applied Science and Arts, Bolgatanga Technical University, Bolgatanga, Ghana Nelson Amowine School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China Weijun Hu Art College, Jilin University, Changchun, China Citation Asunka, B.A., Ma, Z., Li, M., Anaba, O.A., Amowine, N. & Hu, W., 2020, ‘Assessing the asymmetric linkages between foreign direct investments and indigenous innovation in developing countries: A non-linear panel auto-regressive distributed lag approach’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 23(1), a3496. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v23i1.3496 Research Project Registration: Project Number: 7167031130;18GLB024 Original Research Assessing the asymmetric linkages between foreign direct investments and indigenous innovation in developing countries: A non-linear panel auto-regressive distributed lag approach Benjamin Azembila Asunka, Zhiqiang Ma, Mingxing Li, Oswin Aganda Anaba, Nelson Amowine, Weijun Hu Received: 17 Dec. 2019; Accepted: 18 Sept. 2020; Abstract Background: The contributions of indigenous innovation and foreign direct investments (FDI) inflows are critical elements of economic growth and hence very important for developing economies. keywords: asymmetric; changes; cointegration; countries; fdi; inflows; innovation; non; panel; relationship; results; study; term; test; variables cache: sajems-3496.htm plain text: sajems-3496.txt item: #500 of 660 id: sajems-3498 author: None title: sajems-3498 date: None words: 8928 flesch: 25 summary: Non-technical innovation and entrepreneurship The extant research offering evidence of the practical relevance of non-technical innovation in regard to entrepreneurship is inconclusive. Abstract Introduction Market orientation and non-technical innovation Research methods and procedures Data interpretation and results Discussion and implementation Conclusion and recommendations Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Chen Wang Department of Construction Management, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China Yee Lin Lee Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Jeffrey Boon Hui Yap Department of Surveying, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Petaling Jaya, Malaysia Lincoln C. Wood Department of Business and Management, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Hamzah Abdul-Rahman Faculty of Built Environment, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Citation Wang, C., Lee, Y.L., Yap, J.B.H., Wood, L.C. & Abdul-Rahman, H., 2020, ‘Non-technical innovation and entrepreneurship in project-based small service firms’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 23(1), a3498. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v23i1.3498 Original Research Non-technical innovation and entrepreneurship in project-based small service firms Chen Wang, Yee Lin Lee, Jeffrey Boon Hui Yap, Lincoln C. Wood, Hamzah Abdul-Rahman Received: 18 Dec. 2019; Accepted: keywords: business; entrepreneurship; firms; innovation; journal; learning; management; market; market orientation; marketing; model; orientation; performance; project; research; service; study cache: sajems-3498.htm plain text: sajems-3498.txt item: #501 of 660 id: sajems-3533 author: None title: sajems-3533 date: None words: 10321 flesch: 35 summary: This is, in part, due to its’ potential to impact the online reputation of tourism destinations and to determine how people can virtually experience a tourist destination. Rodrigez-Diaz, M. & Espino-Rodriguez, F., 2018, ‘A methodology for a comparative analysis of the lodging offer of tourism destinations based on online customer reviews’, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 8(1), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2017.02.006 Rolfes, M., Steinbrink, M. & Uhl, C., 2009, ‘Townships as an attraction: An empirical study of township tourism in Cape Town’, Report by the University of Potsdam, viewed 21 July 2020, from http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/2894/pdf/pks46.pdf. Saleh, A. & Bista, K., 2017, ‘Examining Factors Impacting Online Survey Response Rates in Educational Research: Perceptions of Graduate Students’, Journal of Multidisciplinary Evaluation 13(29) keywords: 4ir; analysis; brand; business; customer; destination; et al; experience; industry; intentions; journal; loyalty; management; marketing; model; reputation; research; review; satisfaction; street; study; technology; tourism; tourists; vilakazi; visit cache: sajems-3533.htm plain text: sajems-3533.txt item: #502 of 660 id: sajems-3535 author: None title: sajems-3535 date: None words: 10508 flesch: 48 summary: The first presents the literature on the spousal wage premium and wage penalty. Estimates of spousal wage premium or penalty Table 1 and Table 2 present estimates of the effect of the wife’s hours of paid and unpaid work and other control variables on the husband’s hourly wage. keywords: allocation; ethnic; ghana; hours; household; husband; labour; market; men; premium; production; spousal; time; wage; wife; women; work cache: sajems-3535.htm plain text: sajems-3535.txt item: #503 of 660 id: sajems-354 author: Portmann, David; Mlambo, Chipo title: Private equity and venture capital in South Africa: A comparison of project financing decisions date: 2013-09-02 words: 13578 flesch: 57 summary: Investment by individuals in a SARS- approved VC company is tax deductible up to R750 000 per VC investment or R2.25 million aggregate lifetime limit. Do they use the same investment criteria that are used by PE and VC firms elsewhere? 2) Are investment criteria used by PE firms that focus on later-stage investments and buyouts significantly different from those used by VC firms that focus on early-stage deals and if so where do the differences lie? keywords: 2007; africa; capital; criteria; equity; financial; firms; fund; investment; management; market; mean; pe firms; private; product; rankings; south; stage; vc firms; venture; venture capital cache: sajems-354.pdf plain text: sajems-354.txt item: #504 of 660 id: sajems-3572 author: None title: sajems-3572 date: None words: 7297 flesch: 32 summary: Future researchers could focus on banks and other financial companies in the advent of the fourth industrial revolution. Alrazi, De Villiers and Van Staden (2015) argued that legitimacy is conditional on public evaluation of company performance and reporting. keywords: accounting; companies; esg; high; integrated; irq; performance; reporting; results; scores; south; sustainability; table cache: sajems-3572.htm plain text: sajems-3572.txt item: #505 of 660 id: sajems-3577 author: None title: sajems-3577 date: None words: 7492 flesch: 39 summary: Bils and Klenow (2000) argue that there is a high correlation between education investments and economic growth owing to a reverse causality, where higher economic growth levels result in increased investment in education. Abstract Introduction Literature review Research methodology Empirical results and discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Nicholas Ngepah School of Economics, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa Charles S. Saba School of Economics, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa Ntombomzi G. Mabindisa School of Economics, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa Citation Ngepah, N., Saba, C.S. & Mabindisa, N.G., 2021, ‘Human capital and economic growth in South Africa: A cross-municipality panel data analysis’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 24(1), a3577. keywords: africa; capital; causality; economic; education; employment; growth; labour; levels; output; output growth; results; south; study cache: sajems-3577.htm plain text: sajems-3577.txt item: #506 of 660 id: sajems-3579 author: None title: sajems-3579 date: None words: 9213 flesch: 34 summary: The results will also help fill the gap in knowledge of the cognitive dimensions impacting the memorability of marine tourism experiences. Results: Knowledge, meaningfulness, novelty and social interaction positively influence the memorability of marine tourism experiences in South Africa. keywords: activities; africa; differences; dimensions; experiences; knowledge; marine; novelty; research; respondents; south; study; tourism; tourism experiences; watching; whale cache: sajems-3579.htm plain text: sajems-3579.txt item: #507 of 660 id: sajems-3581 author: None title: sajems-3581 date: None words: 7694 flesch: 37 summary: Job resources’ association with individual work performance To further test for construct (i.e. discriminant validity and nomological) validity (Hair et al. 2014), the context of the job-demands resources (JD-R) theory was used (Demerouti et al. 2001) in which job resources affects work performance via a motivational process (Bakker & Demerouti 2017). Guided by Campbell’s widely accepted definition of work performance and a thorough systematic review of the occupational health, work and organisational psychology, as well as management and economics literature, Koopmans et al. keywords: construct; et al; individual; instrument; items; iwpq; job; koopmans; koopmans et; model; performance; research; validity; work cache: sajems-3581.htm plain text: sajems-3581.txt item: #508 of 660 id: sajems-359 author: Boshoff, Douw Gert Brand title: Empirical analysis of space and capital markets in South Africa: A review of the REEFM- and FDW models date: 2013-11-29 words: 5446 flesch: 57 summary: Key words: FDW model, REEFM model, property economics, property market behaviour JEL: G140, 170, 100, 190, P470 1 Background The unique characteristics of real estate create, on the one hand, many opportunities for real estate investors, and, on the other, many difficulties. Du Toit (2002:10) describes the FDW model as being a static quadrant model that has the ability to trace the relationships between real estate market and asset market variables. keywords: construction; equation; estate; market; model; property; space; value; viezer cache: sajems-359.pdf plain text: sajems-359.txt item: #509 of 660 id: sajems-3601 author: None title: sajems-3601 date: None words: 8330 flesch: 29 summary: Xander van Lill Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa Gerhard Roodt Department of Industrial Psychology and People Management, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa Gideon P. de Bruin Department of Industrial Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa Citation Van Lill, X., Roodt, G. & De Bruin, G.P., 2020, ‘The relationship between managers’ goal-setting styles and subordinates’ goal commitment’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 23(1), a3601. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v23i1.3601 Original Research Aim: The primary aim of this article is to determine the relationship between managers’ goal-setting styles and subordinates’ goal commitment. keywords: et al; goal; goal commitment; goal setting; informational; justice; lill; managers; relationship; setting; styles; subordinates; van cache: sajems-3601.htm plain text: sajems-3601.txt item: #510 of 660 id: sajems-362 author: Douglas, Anneli; Lubbe, Berendien; Rotelli, Inger Fabris title: Travel or technology? Business factors influencing management decisions date: 2013-09-02 words: 9904 flesch: 48 summary: Table 2 Types of business interaction and organisational profile influencing the use of technology as a substitute for business meetings Types of business interaction Suited to the use of travel alternatives Internal meetings Urgent meetings Status meetings Client interaction Attending a conference Collecting information before approaching a client Second-meeting tool Not suited to travel alternatives Negotiations Disciplinary and performance hearings Sharing confidential information Organisational profile Size Location of offices Local/international Organisational culture Type of industry Using the identified factors as the theoretical foundation, this study aims to assess the importance of the advantages, disadvantages and barriers to the use of technology as an alternative to business travel, and to show the type of business interaction that is appropriate for the use of technology. March 2013 There is an on-going debate on the use of technology as an alternative to business travel, with industry and academia differing in their views on such substitution. keywords: alternatives; business; communication; company; face; factors; icts; information; meetings; r50mil; technologies; technology; travel; travel alternatives; use; videoconferencing cache: sajems-362.pdf plain text: sajems-362.txt item: #511 of 660 id: sajems-3637 author: None title: sajems-3637 date: None words: 6133 flesch: 36 summary: First, we discuss the regulating environment related to affordable housing development in South Africa, as well as the extant literature that relates to affordable housing provision and its effect on the surrounding built environment. As urbanisation increases, well-located land suitable for affordable housing development becomes more difficult to come by, especially in areas located close to economic nodes that provide employment opportunities (Du Preez & Sale 2012:1). keywords: affordable; characteristics; development; house; housing; housing development; market; post; price; property; south; value cache: sajems-3637.htm plain text: sajems-3637.txt item: #512 of 660 id: sajems-3652 author: None title: sajems-3652 date: None words: 7163 flesch: 41 summary: Even though these results may seem to contradict each other, they are in line with the findings of Bouslah, Kryzanowski and M’Zali (2012) who investigated the link between employee diversity concerns and company risk. One suggestion to level the playing field was to introduce legislation to promote Black Economic Empowerment (Acemoglu, Gelb & Robinson 2007; Jeffrey 2014). keywords: bbee; companies; development; economic; elements; empowerment; equity; relationship; risk; scores; south; table; total cache: sajems-3652.htm plain text: sajems-3652.txt item: #513 of 660 id: sajems-366 author: Angelopoulos, Georgios; Parnell, John A; Scott, Gregory J title: Performance satisfaction, shareholder and stakeholder orientations: Managers´ perceptions in three countries across continents date: 2013-05-31 words: 9158 flesch: 52 summary: ‘Good’ business people tend to be successful, and business ethics are not merely a public relations concept (Moore & Radloff, 1996; Sims & Gegez, 2004). Business ethics and social responsibility are critical to the survival of a business enterprise. keywords: 2005; 2007; 2010; africa; business; business ethics; corporate; ethics; firm; journal; management; managers; orientation; performance; peru; responsibility; satisfaction; shareholder; shareholder orientation; social; south; states; united cache: sajems-366.pdf plain text: sajems-366.txt item: #514 of 660 id: sajems-3661 author: None title: sajems-3661 date: None words: 10498 flesch: 35 summary: Aim: This article provides an analysis of the connection between SCM strategies, supply chain agility and supply chain performance among SMEs in South Africa. In turn, supply chain agility correlated with and predicted supply chain performance. keywords: africa; agility; analysis; business; chain management; chain performance; data; information; integration; international; journal; management; performance; practices; research; sca; scm; smes; south; study; supply chain; technology; tqm cache: sajems-3661.htm plain text: sajems-3661.txt item: #515 of 660 id: sajems-3683 author: None title: sajems-3683 date: None words: 7720 flesch: 51 summary: While the findings of the study are not consistent with those by Majoni et al. (2014) on the JSE who found negative abnormal returns for 250 and 500 days after spin-offs and sell-offs, they are consistent with the general trend of corporate unbundling performance. Prior studies of unbundling performance in South Africa are limited. keywords: event; firm; offs; parent; performance; returns; sell; south; spin; study; unbundling; wealth; years cache: sajems-3683.htm plain text: sajems-3683.txt item: #516 of 660 id: sajems-3703 author: None title: sajems-3703 date: None words: 12250 flesch: 38 summary: Abstract Background: The frequent occurrence of supply chain disruptions highlights the importance of sharing supply chain risk information (SCRI) among buyers and suppliers in third-party logistics (3PL) services. Supply chain risk information sharing When a firm implements RIS, the firm and its SCPs agree to exchange SCR-related information with one another in an accurate and timely manner. keywords: chain; et al; findings; information; information sharing; journal; logistics; management; participants; relationship; research; risk information; scps; sharing; study; supply; supply chain cache: sajems-3703.htm plain text: sajems-3703.txt item: #517 of 660 id: sajems-3710 author: None title: sajems-3710 date: None words: 9295 flesch: 32 summary: The following discussion will highlight those proposed relationships that have been empirically supported to launch interventions aimed at managing employee turnover intentions. Firth, L., Mellor, D.J., Moore, K.A. & Loquet, C., 2004, ‘How can managers reduce employee intention to quit?’, Journal of Managerial Psychology 19(2), 170–187. keywords: demands; development; employees; engagement; intention; job; journal; research; resources; self; study; support; time; turnover; van; work cache: sajems-3710.htm plain text: sajems-3710.txt item: #518 of 660 id: sajems-3711 author: None title: sajems-3711 date: None words: 9435 flesch: 32 summary: Institutional shareholder activism could hence be deemed a valuable governance mechanism to bring change in capital markets (Romano 2001). As mentioned, institutional shareholder activism is a valued corporate governance mechanism (Romano 2001). keywords: activism; africa; companies; covid-19; esg; governance; investee; investment; investors; management; participants; public; responsible; shareholder; shareholder activism; south; viviers cache: sajems-3711.htm plain text: sajems-3711.txt item: #519 of 660 id: sajems-3717 author: None title: sajems-3717 date: None words: 6911 flesch: 28 summary: These stakeholders not only provide the tourism products to visitors but also sell the Zimbabwean experience and have knowledge of destination competitiveness factors that will enhance marketing efforts. As stated before, destination competitiveness factors have predominantly been investigated in more mature destinations, with stable economies and political governments. keywords: attractiveness; competitiveness; competitiveness factors; destination; destination competitiveness; establishments; factors; management; research; study; supply; tourism; woyo; zimbabwe cache: sajems-3717.htm plain text: sajems-3717.txt item: #520 of 660 id: sajems-3721 author: None title: sajems-3721 date: None words: 10898 flesch: 46 summary: Keywords: Business rescue practitioner; business rescue value; Chapter 6; Companies Act; financial distress; going concern; liquidation; valuation. Firstly, it is recommended that BRPs consider TVM, by discounting both the liquidation value and business rescue value using, for example, the current prime interest rate plus a risk premium. keywords: approach; assets; brp; brps; business rescue; cash; companies; company; goal; going; liquidation; liquidation value; rescue value; research; south; study; valuation; value cache: sajems-3721.htm plain text: sajems-3721.txt item: #521 of 660 id: sajems-3739 author: None title: sajems-3739 date: None words: 10943 flesch: 25 summary: Abstract Introduction Background to the problem and purpose of the study Literature review Research methods Findings Discussion and implications Conclusion Acknowledgements References Footnotes About the Author(s) Johan Coetzee Department of Economics and Finance, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa Brownhilder Neneh Department of Business Management, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa Karlien Stemmet Department of Economics and Finance, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa Jana Lamprecht School of Accountancy, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa Constance Motsitsi Department of Public Administration and Management, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa Winnie Sereeco Department of Business Management, Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa Citation Coetzee, J., Neneh, B., Stemmet, K., Lamprecht, J., Motsitsi, C. & Sereeco, W., 2021, ‘South African universities in a time of increasing disruption’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 24(1), a3739. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v24i1.3739 Original Research South African universities in a time of increasing disruption Johan Coetzee, Brownhilder Neneh, Karlien Stemmet, Jana Lamprecht, Constance Motsitsi, Winnie Sereeco Received: 17 June 2020; Accepted: 30 Nov. 2020; Published: 26 Apr. 2021 Copyright: © 2021. Aim: This article identifies the impact of increasing disruption driven by the 4IR and COVID-19 on the content and curriculum design of degree programmes in economic and management sciences offered by South African universities. keywords: 4ir; african; business; content; covid-19; curricula; data; digital; education; environment; learning; management; modules; science; skills; south; students; teaching; technology; universities; university; world cache: sajems-3739.htm plain text: sajems-3739.txt item: #522 of 660 id: sajems-374 author: Esterhuysen, Ja'nel; Styger, Paul; van Vuuren, Gary Wayne title: Calculating operational value-at-risk (OpVaR) in a retail bank date: 2012-05-07 words: 6158 flesch: 48 summary: This section will also explain how regulatory and economic capital are calculated (using both the SA and AMA approaches) as well as the role that VaR plays in the calculation of these two types of operational risk capital. No 1 1 CalCulating operational value-at-risk (opvar) in a retail bank Ja’nel Esterhuysen Investec Bank Ltd and School of Economics, North West University Paul Styger School of Economics, North-West University Gary van Vuuren Financial Institutions, Fitch Ratings and School of Economics, North West University Abstract The management of operational value-at-risk (OpVaR) in financial institutions is presented by means of a novel, robust calculation technique and the influence of this value on the capital held by a bank for operational risk. keywords: ama; bank; capital; distribution; figure; loss; risk; var cache: sajems-374.pdf plain text: sajems-374.txt item: #523 of 660 id: sajems-3744 author: None title: sajems-3744 date: None words: 5482 flesch: 32 summary: Abstract Introduction Literature review: Mobile phone technology (information and communication) and agricultural development Data Methodology Results and discussion Conclusion and policy implications Study limitations Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Omotomiwa (Tommy) Adenubi UNE Business School, University of New England, Armidale, Australia Centre for Agricbusiness, Phambook Enterprise, Ondo State, Nigeria Omphile Temoso UNE Business School, University of New England, Armidale, Australia Isiaka Abdulaleem University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom Citation Adenubi, O., Temoso, O. & Abdulaleem, I., 2021, ‘Has mobile phone technology aided the growth of agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan Africa?’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 24(1), a3744. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v24i1.3744 Original Research Has mobile phone technology aided the growth of agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan Africa? Omotomiwa (Tommy) Adenubi, Omphile Temoso, Isiaka Abdulaleem Received: 19 June 2020; Accepted: 30 Aug. 2021; Published: 25 Nov. 2021 Copyright: © 2021. Aim: In this study the impact of mobile phone technology on agricultural productivity in SSA is examined. keywords: countries; data; development; economic; growth; impact; mobile; phone; phone technology; productivity; ssa; technology; tfp cache: sajems-3744.htm plain text: sajems-3744.txt item: #524 of 660 id: sajems-3749 author: None title: sajems-3749 date: None words: 5824 flesch: 38 summary: Work engagement and its features Schaufeli (2014) notes that work engagement and employee engagement are used interchangeably; however, work engagement refers to the relationship between the employees and their work, while employee engagement refers to the relationship between employees and the organisation. Work engagement, meaningfulness at work and the importance for perceived customer value Work engagement is becoming more important for business leaders and managers, due to its relevance to service-related outcomes; this is mainly due to work engagement being predictive in relation to performance (Barnes et al. 2014). keywords: customer; customer value; employees; engagement; meaningfulness; research; study; value; work; work engagement cache: sajems-3749.htm plain text: sajems-3749.txt item: #525 of 660 id: sajems-376 author: Ligthelm, Andre title: The impact of shopping mall development on small township retailers date: 2012-05-07 words: 7288 flesch: 52 summary: The net balance sheet on the impact of shopping mall development on small township retailers clearly suggests a decline in the township retailers’ market share. The article also explores the importance of retail development to improve consumer choices, the structure of the retail environment in South Africa and consumer income growth prior to conducting inferential analysis of shopping mall development on small township retailers. keywords: areas; businesses; cent; income; malls; retailers; shopping; shopping malls; shops; survival; table; township; township retailers cache: sajems-376.pdf plain text: sajems-376.txt item: #526 of 660 id: sajems-3764 author: None title: sajems-3764 date: None words: 7062 flesch: 52 summary: Abstract Introduction1 Literature review and definitions Overview of the System of National Accounts The income-statement approach The balance-sheet approach The link between household saving and wealth Conclusion Acknowledgements References Footnotes About the Author(s) Fanie Joubert Department of Economics, College of Economic and Management Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa Theo Van der Merwe Department of Economics, College of Economic and Management Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa Citation Joubert, F. & Van der Merwe, T., 2021, ‘Household saving and wealth in South Africa’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 24(1), a3764. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v24i1.3764 Original Research Household saving and wealth in South Africa Fanie Joubert, Theo Van der Merwe Received: 15 July 2020; Accepted: 30 Aug. 2021; Published: 26 Oct. 2021 Copyright: © 2021. Methods: A descriptive analytical methodology is applied to household saving (flow) and savings (stock or wealth) in the period 1995 to 2018, with the focus on macro-economics, while data are sourced from the South African System of National Accounts (SNA). keywords: accounts; africa; assets; gdp; household; household saving; income; net; period; saving; south; wealth cache: sajems-3764.htm plain text: sajems-3764.txt item: #527 of 660 id: sajems-378 author: Terblanche, Nic title: A study of customer commitment through the use of the conversion model in the South African motor vehicle industry date: 2012-05-07 words: 7716 flesch: 49 summary: Research shows that the most successful measures for achieving customer retention are customer delight, customer satisfaction and customer commitment. No 1 69 A study of customer commitment through the use of the conversion model in the south AfricAn motor vehicle industry Nic S Terblanche Dept of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch Abstract Consumer markets have become increasingly competitive. keywords: brand; commitment; consumers; customer; customer commitment; journal; marketing; motor; relationship; retention; rice; satisfaction; study; users cache: sajems-378.pdf plain text: sajems-378.txt item: #528 of 660 id: sajems-3784 author: None title: sajems-3784 date: None words: 9940 flesch: 40 summary: The difference in the application of audit standards From an agency theory perspective, external audits play a key role in addressing information asymmetry (Watts & Zimmerman 1983). Secondly, when an auditor’s expert is used, the nature, timing and extent of audit procedures should consider factors such as the nature of the matter to which that expert’s work relates, the associated risks of material misstatement and the significance of that expert’s work (IAASB 2009i:para 8(a)–(e)). keywords: accounting; audit; auditing; auditor; balances; expert; iaasb; international; isa510; isa620; procedures; quality; research; risk; standards; work cache: sajems-3784.htm plain text: sajems-3784.txt item: #529 of 660 id: sajems-3788 author: None title: sajems-3788 date: None words: 7228 flesch: 36 summary: The relationship between youth farm entrepreneurship intention and expected learning outcome was tested at the 5% level of significance. Abstract Introduction Methodology Findings and discussion Conclusion and recommendations Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Paschal B. Nade Department of Business Studies and Humanities, Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania Christian K. Malamsha Department of Co-Operative Studies, Faculty of Co-Operative and Community Development, Moshi Co-Operative University, Moshi, Tanzania Citation Nade, P.B. & Malamsha C.K., 2021, ‘The influence of agri-entrepreneurship courses studied on youth farm entrepreneurial intention: Evidence from Folk Development Colleges in Tanzania’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 24(1), a3788. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v24i1.3788 Original Research The influence of agri-entrepreneurship courses studied on youth farm entrepreneurial intention: Evidence from Folk Development Colleges in Tanzania Paschal B. Nade, Christian K. Malamsha Received: 01 Aug. 2020; Accepted: 15 Jan. 2021; keywords: agriculture; courses; development; education; entrepreneurship; farm; farm entrepreneurship; intention; items; learning; skills; students; study; table; youth cache: sajems-3788.htm plain text: sajems-3788.txt item: #530 of 660 id: sajems-379 author: Cuyvers, Ludo; Dumont, Michel; Viviers, Wilma; de Pelsmaker, Patrick; Muller, Marié-Luce; Jegers, Marc; Saayman, Andrea title: Export intensity and the competitive intelligence of exporting companies: evidence from South Africa1 date: 2012-05-07 words: 6282 flesch: 37 summary: They conclude that overall these studies failed to find substantial differences in information requirements between new and established exporters although in the earliest study by Ursic and Czintoka (1984) newer exporters are found to be more aggressive in seeking export information, and McAuley (1993) found that the more experienced exporting firms use fewer information providers. L eonidou and Theodosiou (2004) con- cluded their review of the literature on export information by stating that research could be improved by e.g. a cross-cultural approach, more representative samples and a more comprehensive operationalisation and measurement of constructs. keywords: export; export intensity; exporters; exporting; firms; information; intelligence; intensity; research; south cache: sajems-379.pdf plain text: sajems-379.txt item: #531 of 660 id: sajems-3791 author: None title: sajems-3791 date: None words: 10516 flesch: 31 summary: https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/15.3.239 Bryson, J.M., Crosby, B.C. & Bloomberg, L., 2014, ‘Public value governance: Moving beyond traditional public administration and the new public management’, Public Administration Review 74 (4), 445–456. Structural model and hypothesis testing Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) David Pooe Department of Business Management, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa Watson Munyanyi Department of Business Management, College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa Citation Pooe, D. & Munyany, W., 2022, ‘Delivering public value to selected government departments in South Africa – Perceptions of senior managers’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 25(1), a3791. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v25i1.3791 Original Research Delivering public value by selected government departments in South Africa – Perceptions of senior managers David Pooe, Watson Munyanyi Received: 04 Aug. 2020; Accepted: 16 Mar. 2022; Published: 25 Aug. 2022 Copyright: keywords: analysis; creation; engagement; governance; government; information; innovation; journal; management; managers; model; new; process; public; research; review; sector; services; sharing; stakeholders; study; value cache: sajems-3791.htm plain text: sajems-3791.txt item: #532 of 660 id: sajems-3795 author: None title: sajems-3795 date: None words: 8946 flesch: 49 summary: Conclusion: If policymakers want to increase happiness levels and the probability of achieving the same happiness levels as in 2019, they should consider factors related to the regulations that can increase happiness levels. In this regard, it is the first study that compares the probabilities to be happy in 2020, considering the mean levels of happiness in 2019 and the first study that simulates happiness levels, if we assumed that there were no lockdown in 2020. keywords: africa; cases; covid-19; data; happiness; levels; lockdown; number; period; probability; regulations; south cache: sajems-3795.htm plain text: sajems-3795.txt item: #533 of 660 id: sajems-3796 author: None title: sajems-3796 date: None words: 9785 flesch: 47 summary: Trade compliance costs of importing In this article, estimating the gains from reducing trade CC focuses only on reducing border and documentary CC, as these costs have been the focus of WTO and World Customs Organization efforts at reducing trade compliance cost. In conflict with this need is the heavier burden of trade costs in SSA compared to those in the rest of the world. keywords: africa; compliance; costs; countries; economic; exports; facilitation; imports; reforms; sacu; south; table; trade; trade facilitation; welfare cache: sajems-3796.htm plain text: sajems-3796.txt item: #534 of 660 id: sajems-381 author: Boshoff, Willem H title: Rethinking ASGISA and the rand exchange rate date: 2012-05-07 words: 3579 flesch: 46 summary: No 1 Table 1 Concordance of South African exchange rates and industrial production Concordance of industrial production with 6-month lagged exchange rate Concordance of industrial production with 12-month lagged exchange rate Exchange rate cycle Industrial production (levels) Industrial production (growth) Industrial production (levels) Industrial production (growth) Real effective rand (growth) –0.22* –0.11 –0.11* 0.20 Real rand-dollar (growth) 0.48** 0.09* 0.16* –0.18* * Table 2 Concordance of South African exchange rates and the business cycle Concordance of business cycle with 6-month lagged exchange rate Concordance of business cycle with 12-month lagged exchange rate Exchange rate cycle Official SARB cycle GDP growth Official SARB cycle GDP growth Real effective rand (growth) –0.02 0.01 0.04 0.01 Real rand-dollar (growth) 0.35 0.27 0.16 0.12 * keywords: african; cycle; exchange; growth; policy; rand; rate; south cache: sajems-381.pdf plain text: sajems-381.txt item: #535 of 660 id: sajems-384 author: Heymans, Andre; da Camara, Ricardo title: Measuring spill-over effects of foreign markets on the JSE before, during and after international financial crises date: 2013-11-29 words: 8432 flesch: 56 summary: The effects of financial market volatility through crises are seen in the relationship between financial market uncertainty and public confidence (Romer, 1990). However, the results further confirm that South Africa has progressed in shielding its stock market against financial crises in recent times. keywords: com; crisis; debt; debt crisis; dot; effects; financial; international; jse; markets; returns; spill; sub; volatility cache: sajems-384.pdf plain text: sajems-384.txt item: #536 of 660 id: sajems-3933 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2020-12-20 words: 566 flesch: 33 summary: Page 1 of 1 Reviewer Acknowledgement http://www.sajems.org Open Access Acknowledgement to reviewers In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, we request you to take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https://sajems.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. As such, the identification and selection of reviewers who have expertise and interest in the topics appropriate to each manuscript are essential elements in ensuring a timely, productive peer review process. keywords: access; details; journal; management; reviewer; sciences cache: sajems-3933.pdf plain text: sajems-3933.txt item: #537 of 660 id: sajems-3936 author: None title: sajems-3936 date: None words: 6642 flesch: 30 summary: Keywords: integrated reporting; value creation; qualitative value creation; quantitative value creation; stakeholders. Despite criticism of the continued focus on quantitative value creation in the IRF since its introduction, scholars have used this document to define and research the concept of value creation. keywords: august; capital; companies; gokten; literature; management; organisation; reporting; reports; stakeholders; value; value creation cache: sajems-3936.htm plain text: sajems-3936.txt item: #538 of 660 id: sajems-3940 author: None title: sajems-3940 date: None words: 9634 flesch: 40 summary: Abstract Introduction Literature review Methodology Findings and discussion Conclusions and recommendations Limitations of the study and future research Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Marna Landman Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria, Johannesburg, South Africa Morris Mthombeni Gordon Institute of Business Science, University of Pretoria, Johannesburg, South Africa Citation Landman, M. & Mthombeni, M., 2021, ‘Determining the potential of informal savings groups as a model for formal commitment saving devices’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 24(1), a3940. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v24i1.3940 Original Research Determining the potential of informal savings groups as a model for formal commitment saving devices Marna Landman, Morris Mthombeni Received: 08 Dec. 2020; Accepted: 02 June 2021; Published: 20 July 2021 Copyright: © 2021. Research suggests that informal savings groups are effective vehicles for encouraging saving among low-income individuals. keywords: behaviour; bias; commitment; csds; economic; et al; features; groups; income; interventions; members; research; savings; savings groups; study cache: sajems-3940.htm plain text: sajems-3940.txt item: #539 of 660 id: sajems-3943 author: None title: sajems-3943 date: None words: 8501 flesch: 33 summary: Retirement funds fall into a special category of entities whose prudential oversight is the responsibility of the FSCA, but the PA has indicated that it is expected to take responsibility for the prudential oversight of retirement funds from 01 April 2021 (PASA 2020). Abstract The rationale for the regulation of participants in financial markets, like retirement funds, is sound. keywords: africa; authority; fsca; funds; market; members; objectives; regulation; report; retirement; retirement funds; risk; south; south africa; system cache: sajems-3943.htm plain text: sajems-3943.txt item: #540 of 660 id: sajems-3991 author: Office, Editorial title: Table of Contents Vol 23, No 1 (2020) date: 2020-12-23 words: 1611 flesch: -165 summary: Liana Fourie, Crizelle Els, Leon T. de Beer South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 23, No 1 | a2815 | 27 May 2020 Original Research Corporate political activity as part of enterprise strategy in South African agribusinesses Liesel Botha, Susanna L. Middelberg South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 23, No 1 | a3219 | 28 May 2020 Original Research Challenging the accounting for goodwill in the context of a business combination Gary K. Marques, Warren Maroun, Robert Garnett South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 23, No 1 | a3255 | 28 May 2020 98 108 120 131 140 151 162 174 Page i of iii Table of Contents Original Research Household access to agricultural credit and agricultural production in Nigeria: A propensity score matching model Romanus Osabohien, Eze Osuagwu, Evans Osabuohien, Uche Eseosa Ekhator-Mobayode, Oluwatoyin Matthew, Obindah Gershon South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 23, No 1 | a2688 | 27 January 2020 Original Research Influence of a shop floor management system on labour productivity in an automotive parts manufacturing organisation in South Africa Robert W.D. Zondo South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 23, No 1 | a3269 | 18 February 2020 Original Research Macroeconomic implications of uncertainty in South Africa Theshne Kisten South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 23, No 1 | a3350 | 18 February 2020 Original Research Identifying regional trade potential between selected countries in the African tripartite free trade area Lorainne Ferreira, Ermie A. Steenkamp South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 23, No 1 | a2936 | 19 February 2020 Original Research A systematic literature review of the implementation and evaluation of the JOBS programme: A suggested framework for South Africa Rachéle Paver, Hans De Witte, Sebastiaan Rothmann, Anja Van den Broeck, Roland Blonk South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 23, No 1 | a3049 | 25 February 2020 Original Research Dimensions and indicators of non-profit financial condition: Evidence from South African public universities Mark Bunting South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 23, No 1 | a2974 | 11 March 2020 Original Research The influence of employee engagement on labour productivity in an automotive assembly organisation in South Africa Robert W.D. Zondo South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 23, No 1 | a3043 | 17 March 2020 Original Research How does bribery affect the wage performance of formal firms? Instrumental variables and matching evidence from Nigeria Tobechi F. Agbanike, George A. Agwu, Uwazie I. Uwazie, Kevin O. Onwuka, Lasbrey I. Anochiwa, Michael O. Enyoghasim, Anayochukwu Basil Chukwu, Kalu E. Uma South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 23, No 1 | a3123 | 19 March 2020 1 12 20 35 48 61 78 87 Vol 23, No 1 (2020) ISSN: 1015-8812 (print) | ISSN: 2222-3436 (online)South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences http://www.sajems.org Open Access Table of Contents Original Research Trust and perceptions of compliance, fairness and good faith in primary labour relationships Lukas I. Ehlers South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 23, No 1 | a3353 | 22 June 2020 Original Research Inclusive growth and wage inequality: The case of South African manufacturing exporters Carli Bezuidenhout, Marianne Matthee, Neil Rankin South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 23, No 1 | a3014 | 27 July 2020 Original Research A critical analysis of the foreign services reportable arrangement provision of the Tax Administration Act of South Africa Marlene Oosthuizen, Cara Thiart South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 23, No 1 | a3248 | 27 July 2020 Original Research Investment in electricity distribution capital infrastructure in South Africa: The role of regulation Bongani Khonjelwayo, Thilivhali Nthakheni South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 23, No 1 | a3413 | 28 July 2020 Original Research The significance of performance appraisal for innovation, in selected South African organisations Navin G. Matookchund, Renier Steyn South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 23, No 1 | a3272 | 12 August 2020 Original Research Linking integrated reporting quality with sustainability performance and financial performance in South Africa Nadia Mans-Kemp, Cornelis T. van der Lugt South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 23, No 1 | a3572 | 20 August 2020 Original Research Online reputation, virtual experience and tourists’ revisit intentions. keywords: african; african journal; journal; management sciences; research; south; vol cache: sajems-3991.pdf plain text: sajems-3991.txt item: #541 of 660 id: sajems-4004 author: None title: sajems-4004 date: None words: 7556 flesch: 45 summary: It targeted rural youths (18–35 years) who never had formal employment. Results and discussion Youth characteristics Tables 2 and 3 present results of the descriptive analysis of the characteristics of rural youths. keywords: africa; agriculture; analysis; data; farming; people; perceptions; potential; rural; sector; study; support; typologies; typology; youth cache: sajems-4004.htm plain text: sajems-4004.txt item: #542 of 660 id: sajems-404 author: Urban, Boris title: Product innovation of private health insurers in South Africa and the impact of entrepreneurial orientation date: 2013-09-02 words: 9796 flesch: 39 summary: Recognising that health insurer product innovation plays a critical role in aligning incentives among all stakeholders in the healthcare value chain, this study investigates the relationship between the level of health insurer product innovation and entrepreneurial orientation (EO). The results indicate that EO at organisational level is a strong predictor of health insurer product innovation and that external collaboration between health insurers and healthcare service providers is a weak predictor of health insurer product innovation. keywords: collaboration; factor; health; health insurer; healthcare; innovation; insurers; model; product; product innovation; providers; relationship; research; service; variable cache: sajems-404.pdf plain text: sajems-404.txt item: #543 of 660 id: sajems-408 author: Lee, Chun Chang title: Team characteristics, peer competition threats and individual performance within a working team: An analysis of realtor agents date: 2014-03-04 words: 10205 flesch: 51 summary: In the past, OLS estimates of individual agent performance have often treated the data that pertains to different hierarchical levels (such as branch characteristics and individual characteristics) as a single level. A significant level of random-error variance means the marginal values of level-1 agent characteristics are random and not fixed, indicating that there are other factors causing the differences in agent performance in various branches. keywords: agents; branch; brokerage; cent; compensation; impact; individual; level; model; number; peer; performance; scheme; team; variables cache: sajems-408.pdf plain text: sajems-408.txt item: #544 of 660 id: sajems-4093 author: None title: sajems-4093 date: None words: 7430 flesch: 45 summary: Pretorius, B., 2013, In the driving seat: Lessons in leadership, Tafelberg, Cape Town. Shimada, G. & Sonobe, T., 2021, ‘Impacts of Kaizen management on workers: Evidence from Central America and the Carribean Region’, Review of Development Economics 25(3), 1492–1514. https://doi.org/10.1111/rode.12773 Sonobe, T., 2018, ‘How Kaizen brightens Africa’s future’, in K. Otsuka, K. Jin & T. Sonobe (eds.), Applying Kaizen in Africa: A new avenue for industrial development, pp. Sonobe, T. & Otsuka, K., 2011, Cluster-based industrial development: A comparative study of Asia and Africa, Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire. Sonobe, T. & Otsuka, K., 2014, Cluster-based industrial development: Kaizen management for MSE growth in developing countries, Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire. keywords: africa; companies; efficiency; kaizen; kaizen training; management; production; productivity; south; time; training; workers cache: sajems-4093.htm plain text: sajems-4093.txt item: #545 of 660 id: sajems-4120 author: None title: sajems-4120 date: None words: 8118 flesch: 44 summary: Lu, Y., 2012, ‘Household migration, social support, and psychosocial health: The perspective from migrant-sending areas’, Social Science & Medicine 74(2), 135–142. Nevertheless, some studies in various country contexts have shown that remittances play a significant role in migrant households’ economic well-being, with remittances used for daily transactions, purchasing land, sending children to school, and improving living conditions (Semyonov & Gorodzeisky 2008). keywords: africa; economic; effects; household; household income; impact; income; migrant; migration; remittances; rural; south; swb; urban cache: sajems-4120.htm plain text: sajems-4120.txt item: #546 of 660 id: sajems-414 author: Clavier, Pamela; Lotriet, Hugo; Van Loggerenberg, Johan title: A first step towards service-dominant logic as a new approach to overcome challenges in business intelligence date: 2014-03-06 words: 7625 flesch: 55 summary: “Is the way BI is understood grounded in G-D or S-D logic?” and “Can BI challenges be linked to G-D logic or the way BI is under- stood?” are both answered through the linkage of G-D logic characteristics to BI perceptions and beliefs as well as BI challenges, tabulated in Table 3. No 2:220-231 A FIRST STEP TOWARDS SERVICE-DOMINANT LOGIC AS A NEW APPROACH TO OVERCOME CHALLENGES IN BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE Pamela Clavier and Johan van Loggerenberg Department of Informatics, University of Pretoria Hugo Lotriet School of Computing, University of South Africa Accepted: October 2013 High expectations are set for Business Intelligence (BI), yet it fails to consistently deliver accordingly: there are numerous reports of BI challenges and failures. keywords: business; challenges; data; exchange; literature; logic; lusch; review; service; use; vargo cache: sajems-414.pdf plain text: sajems-414.txt item: #547 of 660 id: sajems-4146 author: None title: sajems-4146 date: None words: 4296 flesch: 39 summary: Conclusion The analysis of patent and trade structures in South Africa shows that targeting an increase in PCT patent applications should improve the country’s economic situation. Two and a half years after the priority application, more information should be available on whether the invention will be successful in the market and this could justify the cost of patent applications in foreign countries. keywords: africa; applications; countries; goods; innovation; patent; pct; south; technology cache: sajems-4146.htm plain text: sajems-4146.txt item: #548 of 660 id: sajems-415 author: Griffin-EL, Eliada Wosu title: Network diversity structure, closeness and innovation of South African micro-entrepreneurs date: 2014-05-29 words: 7783 flesch: 42 summary: The qualitative relational dimension of entrepreneurial engage- ment that appeared to be of such high value to clothing entrepreneurs did not emerge in the data of service entrepreneurs. Business networks and transnational corporations: a study of Hong Kong firms in the Asean region. keywords: african; business; closeness; clothing; data; entrepreneurs; firms; innovation; network; process; relationships; structure; study; ties; value cache: sajems-415.pdf plain text: sajems-415.txt item: #549 of 660 id: sajems-4158 author: None title: sajems-4158 date: None words: 7688 flesch: 35 summary: Lingen, E. & Steyn, H., 2022, ‘Goals and benefits of digital transformation projects: Insights into project selection criteria’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 25(1), a4158. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v25i1.4158 Original Research Goals and benefits of digital transformation projects: Insights into project selection criteria Warren M. Gertzen, Elma van der Lingen, Herman Steyn Received: 03 May 2021; Accepted: 01 Dec. 2021; Published: 28 Feb. 2022 Copyright: © 2022. Digital transformation projects use new technologies to radically change the ways of working in an organisation to improve efficiency, reduce waste, manage data and information better, support better decision-making, and implement the DT of a business. keywords: business; criteria; customer; data; digital; dt projects; management; portfolio; projects; selection; south; technologies; transformation; value cache: sajems-4158.htm plain text: sajems-4158.txt item: #550 of 660 id: sajems-419 author: Rothmann, Sebastiaan; Baumann, Candice title: Employee engagement: The effects of work-home/home-work interaction and psychological conditions date: 2014-09-01 words: 8930 flesch: 47 summary: Maslach, Schaufeli and Leiter (2001) define employee engagement in terms of energy and involvement, while Schaufeli and Bakker (2004) regard vigour, absorption and dedication as central concepts in their definition of work engagement. Work-life interference, psychological conditions, and work engagement at a uranium mine in Namibia. keywords: 2014; availability; employee; employee engagement; engagement; home; home interaction; interaction; meaningfulness; model; role; work; work interaction cache: sajems-419.pdf plain text: sajems-419.txt item: #551 of 660 id: sajems-4191 author: None title: sajems-4191 date: None words: 7986 flesch: 50 summary: Aim: The aim in the study is to calculate the size of fiscal expenditure multipliers over the period 2009 to 2019, taking into account the specific economic conditions and the funding choices of government. Jooste and Naraidoo (2017) extend the DSGE approach further and show how labour dynamics affect the size of fiscal expenditure multipliers. keywords: africa; debt; economic; economy; expenditure; government; model; multipliers; period; policy; premium; rate; risk; south cache: sajems-4191.htm plain text: sajems-4191.txt item: #552 of 660 id: sajems-4192 author: None title: sajems-4192 date: None words: 10766 flesch: 28 summary: The application of integration to sustainability may improve the understanding of the actions which enhance supply chain sustainability and evaluate the effect of such actions on the sustainability performance (Seuring & Gold 2013:5). This represents a disconcerting gap in the body of knowledge, because such a holistic view of SSCM has the potential to improve supply chain sustainability and to evaluate the outcome of sustainability practices with regards to sustainability performance (Wolf 2011:222). keywords: chain integration; chain management; chain partners; chain sustainability; economic; firms; integration; management; partners; performance; study; suppliers; supply chain; sustainability; sustainability performance; wolf cache: sajems-4192.htm plain text: sajems-4192.txt item: #553 of 660 id: sajems-422 author: Boshoff, Douw Gert Brand title: Towards a listed real estate investment valuation model date: 2013-09-02 words: 9152 flesch: 56 summary: It is apparent from the above that the behaviour of listed property share prices is influenced by the involvement of institutional investors, and also by the amount of informa- tion that is available to them when they are making investment decisions. Do prices reflect market fundamentals in real estate markets? keywords: assets; estate; information; investment; market; model; observation; price; property; real; share; total; value cache: sajems-422.pdf plain text: sajems-422.txt item: #554 of 660 id: sajems-4232 author: None title: sajems-4232 date: None words: 10563 flesch: 34 summary: Entrepreneurial action literature and theories are conceptualised using the Rubicon model of action as a general phase indicator and action regulation theory as exact steps in the process of proceeding from entrepreneurial intention to entrepreneurial action. Entrepreneurial intention refers to an individual’s belief that they will start a new business venture in the future (Bird 1988:443; Thompson 2009:681), whereas entrepreneurial action is action through new products or processes, entry into new markets, or the creation of new ventures (McMullen & Shepherd 2006:132). keywords: action; action gap; business; entrepreneurs; gap; identity; individual; influence; intention; model; participants; self; study cache: sajems-4232.htm plain text: sajems-4232.txt item: #555 of 660 id: sajems-4235 author: None title: sajems-4235 date: None words: 8153 flesch: 51 summary: Ho, W., Zheng, T., Yildiz, H. & Talluri, S., 2015, ‘Supply chain risk management: A literature review’, International Journal of Production Research 53(7), 5031–5069. Findings based on a systematic, explorative analysis of existing literature’, International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development 11(2–3), 271–290. Rogers, H., Srivastava, M., Pawar, K.S. & Shah, J., 2015, ‘Supply chain risk management in India: Practical insights’, International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications 3(3), 1–22. keywords: business; chain; framework; management; naude; participant; process; producers; risk; risk management; south; supply; sustainability; wine; years cache: sajems-4235.htm plain text: sajems-4235.txt item: #556 of 660 id: sajems-424 author: Vivian, Robert title: Ending the myth of the St Petersburg Paradox date: 2013-09-02 words: 9805 flesch: 65 summary: Key words: Central Limit Theorem, deductive logic, inductive logic, Law of Large Numbers, simulation of games, economic paradoxes, St Petersburg game, St Petersburg Paradox JEL: B3, C44, 9, D81, N00 1 Introduction A game of chance, the St Petersburg game, when applied to decision theory involving risk1, is believed to produce a paradox, the St Petersburg paradox, which has been very influential, especially in economics fields involving theories of decision making. The EMV of playing St Petersburg games once Daniel Bernoulli’s error is corrected is thus: EMV = (k/2 + 1) + λ … (E10) or if expressed in the usual format of µ + λ EMV (M = 2k) keywords: bernoulli; decision; emv; gamblers; game; observation; paradox; petersburg game; series; st petersburg; theory; value cache: sajems-424.pdf plain text: sajems-424.txt item: #557 of 660 id: sajems-4302 author: None title: sajems-4302 date: None words: 7777 flesch: 43 summary: This study contributes to this debate by revealing the potential impact of trade liberalisation as proposed under the AfCFTA on South African agricultural trade. Abstract Introduction Methodology Results of the SMART simulation Conclusion Acknowledgements References Appendix 1 About the Author(s) Thembalethu M. Seti Department of Economics, Faculty of Economic and Management Science, North-West University, Mahikeng, South Africa Olebogeng D. Daw Department of Economics, Faculty of Economic and Management Science, North-West University, Mahikeng, South Africa Citation Seti, T.M. & Daw, O.D., 2022, ‘The implications of the African Continental Free Trade Area on South African agricultural trade: An application of the partial equilibrium mode’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 25(1), a4302. keywords: afcfta; african; agricultural; countries; economic; export; free; liberalisation; market; model; south; south africa; study; tariff; trade cache: sajems-4302.htm plain text: sajems-4302.txt item: #558 of 660 id: sajems-4303 author: None title: sajems-4303 date: None words: 10614 flesch: 35 summary: Conclusion: Leadership skills development is complex, especially in a rapidly changing environment. The study has two major research objectives: Theoretical objectives: conceptual model development (to determine theoretically relevant leadership constructs; theoretically relevant approaches to leadership skills development; and to conceptualise a model for leadership skills development). keywords: africa; business; construct; development; development model; fmcg; leadership; leadership development; leadership model; leadership skills; model; principles; research; results; skills development; study; theory cache: sajems-4303.htm plain text: sajems-4303.txt item: #559 of 660 id: sajems-4323 author: None title: sajems-4323 date: None words: 8800 flesch: 46 summary: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1813-6982.2007.00102.x Spencer, B., 1998, ‘Responding to student writing: Strategies for a distance-teaching context’, D. Litt thesis, University of South Africa. Results: Student evaluators in the peer review were much more positive than the other evaluators – in a potential confirmation of the Dunning-Kruger effect. keywords: agreement; data; dunning; economics; effect; evaluation; evaluators; kruger; quality; south; specialist; students; subject; writing cache: sajems-4323.htm plain text: sajems-4323.txt item: #560 of 660 id: sajems-4358 author: None title: sajems-4358 date: None words: 8632 flesch: 49 summary: In line with Al Aina and Atan (2020), private school management should be flexible in their policies and practices to adapt to the changing needs of their employees. Abstract Background: Private schools in South Africa are currently faced with the challenge of retaining a talented pool of teachers. keywords: degree; department; evp; experience; head; participant; profession; research; schools; teachers; teaching; work; years cache: sajems-4358.htm plain text: sajems-4358.txt item: #561 of 660 id: sajems-4397 author: None title: sajems-4397 date: None words: 8207 flesch: 35 summary: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021943607313990 PWC, 2013, Integrated reporting companies struggle to explain what value they create, viewed 15 January 2019, from https://www.pwc.nl/nl/assets/documents/ir-opmars-geintegreerde-verslaggeving-stagneert.pdf. PWC, 2014, Value creation: The journey continues: A survey of JSE Top – 40 companies’ integrated reports, viewed 15 January 2019, from https://www.pwc.co.za/en/assets/pdf/integrated-reporting-survey-2014.pdf. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11156-015-0536-y Makiwane, T.S. & Padia, N., 2013, ‘Evaluation of corporate integrated reporting in South Africa post King III release South Africa – An exploratory enquiry’, Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 6(2), 421–438. keywords: airs; analysis; companies; information; integrated; king; pages; pay; pick; reporting; reports; research cache: sajems-4397.htm plain text: sajems-4397.txt item: #562 of 660 id: sajems-44 author: Pienaar, Jaco title: Ethics in economic and management sciences: a researcher’s resource date: 2010-12-03 words: 7428 flesch: 39 summary: It is widely believed that these sciences cannot be held to the same practical requirements as those for biomedical research, although the principles of ethical research are surely universal. Dingwall (2008: 3) is of the opinion that humanities and social science (HSS) research poses: ‘…at most…a potential for causing minor and reversible emotional distress or some measure of reputational damage … risks that research participants are well able to assess for themselves’. keywords: consent; data; ethics; guidelines; information; national; participants; research; researchers; review; sbes; sciences; subjects; survey cache: sajems-44.pdf plain text: sajems-44.txt item: #563 of 660 id: sajems-4412 author: None title: sajems-4412 date: None words: 8438 flesch: 34 summary: Besides reflecting links with procedural justice and P–O fit, the results showed organisational trust to partially mediate the procedural justice and employee perceived P–O fit relationship. We considered organisational trust to be an apposite explanatory mechanism in the procedural justice and P–O fit relationship. keywords: employees; fit; journal; justice; management; o fit; organisations; perceptions; person; relationship; research; trust; variable; work cache: sajems-4412.htm plain text: sajems-4412.txt item: #564 of 660 id: sajems-4419 author: None title: sajems-4419 date: None words: 6566 flesch: 35 summary: Introduction The effect of ownership structure on a company’s capital structure, and therefore on company performance, was suggested for the first time in the agency theory of capital structure (Jensen 1986; Jensen & Meckling 1976). Black ownership and performance According to Aluchna and Kaminski (2017), the fundamental assumption that ‘different ownership structures may result in different production possibility sets and performance’ informed studies on the relationship between ownership structure and company performance while the company’s institutional context could influence this relationship’s strength and direction (Sánchez-Ballesta & García-Meca 2007). keywords: capital; capital structure; companies; company; debt; effects; journal; management; ownership; ownership structure; performance; relationship; structure cache: sajems-4419.htm plain text: sajems-4419.txt item: #565 of 660 id: sajems-4422 author: None title: sajems-4422 date: None words: 7153 flesch: 46 summary: They constructed a ‘news chatter’ measure of policy uncertainty, using a number of search algorithms to search the Dow Jones Factiva news aggregator to compile the index of economic policy uncertainty. Economic policy uncertainty, therefore, has potentially adverse consequences for an economy. keywords: africa; business; economic; economy; index; investment; paper; policy; policy uncertainty; pui; south; south africa; uncertainty cache: sajems-4422.htm plain text: sajems-4422.txt item: #566 of 660 id: sajems-4427 author: None title: sajems-4427 date: None words: 9675 flesch: 32 summary: Keywords: integrated reporting; sustainability reporting; legitimacy theory; stakeholder theory; institutional theory; agency theory; signalling theory; theoretical perspectives. Integrating legitimacy theory, stakeholder theory and institutional theory’, The Journal of Theoretical Accounting 10(1), 149–178. keywords: integrated; legitimacy; legitimacy theory; literature; papers; reporting; research; stakeholder; stakeholder theory; theories; theory cache: sajems-4427.htm plain text: sajems-4427.txt item: #567 of 660 id: sajems-4460 author: None title: sajems-4460 date: None words: 8376 flesch: 42 summary: This study identifies People, Organisation, Technology, Industry and Country (POTIC) as factors important in influencing blockchain technology adoption in South Africa. This study identifies People, Organisation, Technology, Industry and Country (POTIC) as factors important in influencing blockchain technology adoption in South Africa. keywords: adoption; blockchain; blockchain adoption; blockchain technology; factors; industry; jse; management; market; participant; settlement; south; study; system; technology; trust cache: sajems-4460.htm plain text: sajems-4460.txt item: #568 of 660 id: sajems-4465 author: None title: sajems-4465 date: None words: 8144 flesch: 31 summary: At least two caveats should be added to the current consensus that an increased focus on public infrastructure procurement can and should be effected in order to pull South African out of its pre- and post-pandemic blues. While this study explores institutional and public policy avenues through which the principle of value-for-money may be assured in public infrastructure procurement, there are factors that may interfere with that result. keywords: africa; construction; cost; delivery; infrastructure; infrastructure procurement; law; management; procurement; project; research; south; study; universities; value; watermeyer cache: sajems-4465.htm plain text: sajems-4465.txt item: #569 of 660 id: sajems-4483 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2021-12-22 words: 461 flesch: 42 summary: Page 1 of 1 Reviewer Acknowledgement http://www.sajems.org Open Access Acknowledgement to reviewers In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, we request you to take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https://sajems.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. As such, the identification and selection of reviewers who have expertise and interest in the topics appropriate to each manuscript are essential elements in ensuring a timely, productive peer review process. keywords: journal; management; reviewer cache: sajems-4483.pdf plain text: sajems-4483.txt item: #570 of 660 id: sajems-4486 author: Office, Editorial title: Table of Contents Vol 24, No 1 (2021) date: 2021-12-30 words: 1227 flesch: -136 summary: The influence of agri-entrepreneurship courses studied on youth farm entrepreneurial intention: Evidence from Folk Development Colleges in Tanzania Paschal B. Nade, Christian K. Malamsha South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 24, No 1 | a3788 | 07 April 2021 Original Research Valuation practices under business rescue circumstances in South Africa Shaneen Conradie, Christiaan Lamprecht South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 24, No 1 | a3721 | 26 April 2021 Original Research South African universities in a time of increasing disruption Johan Coetzee, Brownhilder Neneh, Karlien Stemmet, Jana Lamprecht, Constance Motsitsi, Winnie Sereeco South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 24, No 1 | a3739 | 26 April 2021 Original Research Happiness lost: Was the decision to implement lockdown the correct one? Stephanié Rossouw, Talita Greyling, Tamanna Adhikari South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 24, No 1 | a3795 | 28 April 2021 84 97 115 128 139 148 161 173 Page i of ii Table of Contents Research Note Regulating South Africa’s retirement funds: The case for clearer objectives Rob Rusconi South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 24, No 1 | a3943 | 30 November 2021 Original Research Voluntary social performance disclosure and firm profitability of South African listed firms: Examining the complementary role of board independence and managerial ownership Frank Sampong, Na Song, Gilbert K. Amoako, Kingsley O. Boahene South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 24, No 1 | a3346 | 11 January 2021 Original Research Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment and corporate financial health Jan A. Dreyer, Suzette Viviers, Nadia Mans-Kemp South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 24, No 1 | a3652 | 21 January 2021 Original Research Reflecting on the changing landscape of shareholder activism in South Africa Nadia Mans-Kemp, Marilee van Zyl South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 24, No 1 | a3711 | 25 January 2021 Original Research Assessing the effectiveness of an occupational health and safety system in a selected automotive assembly organisation in South Africa Robert W.D. Zondo South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 24, No 1 | a3553 | 26 January 2021 Original Research The performance measurement conundrum: Construct validity of the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire in South Africa Leoni van der Vaart South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 24, No 1 | a3581 | 27 January 2021 Original Research Tourism destination competitiveness: A view from suppliers operating in a country with political challenges Erisher Woyo, Elmarie Slabbert South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 24, No 1 | a3717 | 28 January 2021 Original Research Finance-growth nexus in sub-Saharan Africa Celsa M.D.C. Machado, António F.M.G. Saraiva, Paulo D.D. Vieira South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 24, No 1 | a3435 | 19 February 2021 1 11 23 33 44 52 63 73 Vol 24, No 1 (2021) The role of personal relationships in supply chain risk information sharing: Perspectives from buyers and suppliers of logistics services Marco van der Walt, Wesley Niemann, Arno Meyer South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 24, No 1 | a3703 | 30 July 2021 Original Research Estimation of the potential economic welfare to be gained by the South African Customs Union from trade facilitation Shahrzad Safaeimanesh, Glenn P. Jenkins South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 24, No 1 | a3796 | 16 August 2021 Original Research Balancing quantitative and qualitative value-creation reporting Cornelie Crous, Marike C. van Wyk South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 24, No 1 | a3936 | 31 August 2021 Original Research Household saving and wealth in South Africa Fanie Joubert, Theo Van der Merwe South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 24, No 1 | a3764 | 26 October 2021 184 198 208 220 235 249 257 Original Research Work engagement and perceived customer value, the mediating role of meaningfulness through work Marita Heyns, Sean McCallaghan, Werner Beukes South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 24, No 1 | a3749 | 27 October 2021 Original Research Has mobile phone technology aided the growth of agricultural productivity in sub-Saharan Africa? keywords: african; journal; management sciences; south; vol cache: sajems-4486.pdf plain text: sajems-4486.txt item: #571 of 660 id: sajems-450 author: Pretorius, Marius; Holtzhauzen, Gert title: Business rescue decision making through verifier determinants – ask the specialists date: 2013-11-29 words: 9803 flesch: 40 summary: The findings show support for the proposition that specialist rescue practitioners do use verifier determinants to confirm early warning signs and causes of turnaround situations and apply such verifier determinants to the rescue plans. 12 Findings The first research objective was to describe the concept of verifier determinants and their relation to early warning signs theory, to lead the identification of such verifier determinants in practice. keywords: business; case; causes; decision; determinants; failure; making; management; rescue; research; researchers; signs; specialists; subjects; verifier; verifier determinants; warning; warning signs cache: sajems-450.pdf plain text: sajems-450.txt item: #572 of 660 id: sajems-4506 author: None title: sajems-4506 date: None words: 7840 flesch: 38 summary: Sidjabat (2019) found, in a study which focused on the impact of effectiveness and efficiency on transit passenger satisfaction in an airport context, that efficiency has a predictive effect on passenger satisfaction. Keywords: bus transportation; efficiency; long-distance coaches; passenger satisfaction; peace of mind. keywords: africa; bus; coach; customer; distance; distance coach; journal; liners; passengers; research; satisfaction; service; south; study; transport; transportation cache: sajems-4506.htm plain text: sajems-4506.txt item: #573 of 660 id: sajems-4515 author: None title: sajems-4515 date: None words: 7854 flesch: 35 summary: Scatter plot of the overall index of globalisation and economic growth; Figure 1 (b): Scatter plot of economic globalisation and economic growth. Model (2) shows the main effect of overall globalisation, (3) examines the second-order polynomial or threshold effect of overall globalisation, (4) presents results on economic globalisation and (5) presents results regarding the threshold effect of economic globalisation on economic growth. keywords: africa; capital; countries; data; development; economic; effects; evidence; globalisation; growth; international; relationship; results; studies; trade cache: sajems-4515.htm plain text: sajems-4515.txt item: #574 of 660 id: sajems-453 author: Dingley, Daryl A; Ngcongo, Phumlani MP; Farlam, Paul BJ; Marwell, Jeremy C title: The battle for truth: control and non-voting preference shares date: 2012-10-19 words: 11016 flesch: 50 summary: 306 SAJEMS NS 11 (2008) No 3 The baTTle for TruTh: conTrol and non-voTing preference shares That said, one is nonetheless left with a certain unease about the potential costs of the Tribunal’s decision in CET v Sanlam and the potentially chilling effect it will have on certain kinds of corporate financing, not only with regard to non-voting preference shares, but possibly also debentures and certain kinds of secured transactions, venture capital funding, and the like. keywords: act; capital; cet; competition; competition act; control; preference shares; rights; sancino; sanlam; share capital; shares; voting cache: sajems-453.pdf plain text: sajems-453.txt item: #575 of 660 id: sajems-4534 author: None title: sajems-4534 date: None words: 8658 flesch: 31 summary: Based on dividend tax preference parameters displayed in Figure 2, the expected relationship between each of the categories of investor tax preference parameters and payout methods (dividends and payout methods other than dividends) was as follows: Individual investors taxed at the highest normal tax rates only had a marginal dividend tax preference during 2017, with a marginal preference for capital gains tax above dividends tax noted for other years since the introduction of dividends tax in 2012. The literature review commences with an overview of the definitions and findings of previous studies in respect of dividend tax preference parameters and investor tax preference parameters and concludes with an overview of the literature in respect of ownership concentration. keywords: changes; companies; data; dividends; investor tax; methods; parameters; payout; payout methods; preference parameters; shareholding; tax; tax preference cache: sajems-4534.htm plain text: sajems-4534.txt item: #576 of 660 id: sajems-4541 author: None title: sajems-4541 date: None words: 7182 flesch: 32 summary: Abstract Introduction Literature review Method Results Discussion Conclusion Limitations and recommendations Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Carolyn Easton Graduate School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa, Midrand, South Africa Renier Steyn Graduate School of Business Leadership, University of South Africa, Midrand, South Africa Citation Easton, C. & Steyn, R., 2022, ‘Leadership styles and effectiveness in the workplace: A perspective of the millennial generation’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 25(1), a4541. However, the correlation between leadership styles and leadership effectiveness and the consequences for leadership development have not been fully researched in the literature on millennial leaders. keywords: baby; data; effectiveness; employees; followers; generation; journal; leadership; leadership effectiveness; leadership styles; millennials; table; workplace cache: sajems-4541.htm plain text: sajems-4541.txt item: #577 of 660 id: sajems-455 author: Saayman, Melville title: The non-consumptive value of selected marine species at Table Mountain National Park: An exploratory study date: 2014-03-06 words: 5691 flesch: 62 summary: Its diverse and unique fauna offer tourists the opportunity to view a variety of marine species. The focus of this exploratory research is on the Park’s marine attractions and specifically tourists’ willingness to pay to see marine species. keywords: analysis; national; park; research; species; tourism; value; visitors; wildlife; willingness cache: sajems-455.pdf plain text: sajems-455.txt item: #578 of 660 id: sajems-4553 author: None title: sajems-4553 date: None words: 7068 flesch: 39 summary: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2010.00865.x Costa Pinto, D., Nique, W.M., Maurer Herter, M. & Borges, A., 2016, ‘Green consumers and their identities: How identities change the motivation for green consumption’, International Journal of Consumer Studies 40(6), 742–753. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2011.54.1.64 Diamantopoulos, A., Schlegelmilch, B.B., Sinkovics, R.R. & Bohlen, G.M., 2003, ‘Can socio-demographics still play a role in profiling green consumers? keywords: claims; consumers; environment; greenwashing; journal; knowledge; marketing; products; purchase; research; willingness cache: sajems-4553.htm plain text: sajems-4553.txt item: #579 of 660 id: sajems-4572 author: None title: sajems-4572 date: None words: 9445 flesch: 37 summary: The mediating role of job satisfaction in the relationship between person–organisation fit and intention to leave Given the effective role of POF in directly mitigating turnover intention, researchers (Jin et al. 2018) have argued that understanding the indirect processes through which POF might explain ITL, may offer additional insight on the topic of employee turnover. Reasons for employee turnover in the SDS include seeking better employment opportunities, low job satisfaction (JS), poor employee fit with the organisation, and emotionally challenging working conditions such as working in vulnerable communities (Department of Social Development 2020). keywords: effect; employees; fit; intention; itl; job; journal; management; organisation; person; pof; relationship; satisfaction; study; turnover cache: sajems-4572.htm plain text: sajems-4572.txt item: #580 of 660 id: sajems-458 author: Saggers, Grant title: Vertical mergers – the European guidelines on non-horizontal mergers and their relevance for South Africa date: 2012-10-19 words: 10709 flesch: 44 summary: 5 Conclusions The EU Guidelines on Non-horizontal Mergers provide an excellent summary on the theories and frameworks that should be used in evaluating vertical mergers. Vertical mergers, by definition, mean an extension of control across different levels of a chain of products or services rather than an 248 SAJEMS NS 11 (2008) keywords: authorities; collusion; competition; downstream; firm; foreclosure; guidelines; market; merger; mondi; price; transaction; tribunal; upstream; vertical cache: sajems-458.pdf plain text: sajems-458.txt item: #581 of 660 id: sajems-4581 author: None title: sajems-4581 date: None words: 7551 flesch: 39 summary: The likely association between integrated report quality (IRQ) and EM was identified based on theoretical frameworks, including the stakeholder and agency theories. Given the aim of the framework and the distinctive qualities of integrated reporting, an investigation of the relationship between integrated report quality (IRQ) and EM is warranted. keywords: association; companies; earnings; et al; irq; management; quality; reporting; reports; south cache: sajems-4581.htm plain text: sajems-4581.txt item: #582 of 660 id: sajems-459 author: Theron, Nicola title: The Sasol/Engen (Uhambo) merger-foreclosure and white fuel demand growth rates date: 2012-10-19 words: 6410 flesch: 58 summary: Table 4 Shell demand forecasts for the Uhambo hearing 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 GDP growth 3.5% 3.7% 4.4% 3.3% 2.9% 3.0% Petrol demand growth 2.0% 2.2% 2.9% 1.8% 1.4% 1.5% Diesel demand growth 4.9% 5.1% 5.8% 4.7% 4.3% 4.4% Source: Uhambo, economic report filed by RBB for Shell, 2005. No 3 Table 3 Various estimates of petrol demand growth rates Source Petrol demand growth rate RBB (for BP) 3% Econometrix 2.2% Total (2005-2014) 2.2% RBB (for Shell) 2% ECONEX (for Masana) 3.6% Sasol (2006 budget) 1.4% Uhambo business plan 1% Source: Tribunal, 2006, p. 91 keywords: demand; diesel; foreclosure; growth; income; petrol; price cache: sajems-459.pdf plain text: sajems-459.txt item: #583 of 660 id: sajems-4592 author: None title: sajems-4592 date: None words: 8881 flesch: 35 summary: The traditional leader interviewed (Induna) (Participant 4, male) corroborated with the other participants concerning their influential role in sustaining local rural SMMEs. Strengths/ abilities, weaknesses of the local community leaders Local leaders have several strengths or abilities, as well as weaknesses that are crucial in sustaining or transforming rural SMMEs. Strengths and abilities of the local leaders that assist in sustaining or transforming rural small, medium and micro-enterprises There are several strengths or abilities (of local rural leaders) that are crucial in sustaining or transforming rural SMMEs as identified in both the JLM and MLM study areas. keywords: areas; business; development; leaders; leadership; livelihoods; municipality; processes; research; resources; rural; smmes; stakeholders; structures; study cache: sajems-4592.htm plain text: sajems-4592.txt item: #584 of 660 id: sajems-4605 author: None title: sajems-4605 date: None words: 7840 flesch: 47 summary: Aim: This study bridges the knowledge gap and contributes to the debate by evaluating the impact of the taxation of cigarettes on cigarette smuggling and assessing the correlates of cigarette smuggling. On the policy implications, the results suggest that tackling cigarette smuggling, using taxes only, may not be sufficient. keywords: cigarette; cigarette smuggling; correlation; corruption; data; excise; malawi; rate; smuggling; study; tax; taxes; tobacco; trade cache: sajems-4605.htm plain text: sajems-4605.txt item: #585 of 660 id: sajems-4617 author: None title: sajems-4617 date: None words: 10999 flesch: 38 summary: Lean supply chain management practices The first objective of lean management is to eliminate every kind of waste in the company to make the business more competitive, through good results about innovation, flexibility, cost, quality, and service (Kumar Singh & Modgil 2020; Rocha 2017). Kumar Singh, R. & Modgil, S., 2020, ‘Assessment of lean supply chain practices in Indian automotive industry’, Global Business Review 0(0), 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150919890234 Li, X., Wu, Q. & Holsapple, C.W., 2017, ‘An empirical examination of firm financial performance along dimensions of supply chain resilience’, Management Research Review 40(3), 254–269. keywords: africa; business; chain; chain management; culture; industry; jit; journal; management; manufacturing; performance; practices; quality; research; results; scc; south; steel; steel industry; study; supply; supply chain; tqm cache: sajems-4617.htm plain text: sajems-4617.txt item: #586 of 660 id: sajems-462 author: Charter, Chris title: The impact of post-merger cross-shareholdings on South African merger control policy date: 2012-10-19 words: 8767 flesch: 48 summary: However, the ultimate impact of the Primedia case on the approach of the authorities to passive investments may be limited as, rather disconcertingly, the Tribunal ultimately pulls the rug out from under the proponents of such enquiries, by arguing that they have no place in merger analysis under South Africa law. Consideration of mergers (1) Whenever required to consider a merger, the Competition Commission or Competition Tribunal must initially determine whether or not the merger is likely to substantially prevent or lessen competition, by assessing the factors set out in subsection (2) (2) When determining whether or not a merger is likely to substantially prevent or lessen competition, the Competition Commission or Competition Tribunal must assess the strength of competition in the relevant market, and the probability that the firms in the market after the merger will behave competitively or co-operatively, taking into account any factor that is relevant to competition in that market… keywords: board; case; competition; coordination; cross; directorships; effects; firm; kaya; market; merger; primedia; tribunal cache: sajems-462.pdf plain text: sajems-462.txt item: #587 of 660 id: sajems-463 author: Moodaliyar, Kasturi; Weeks, Keith title: Characterising price fixing: a journey through the looking glass with ANSAC date: 2012-10-19 words: 11343 flesch: 49 summary: Competition Tribunal case number 49/CR/ Apr00 and 12/CAC/Dec01. 9 Section 1 Sherman Act 15 US 1890: “Every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations, is declared to be illegal. 3 COMPETITION APPEAL COURT (2001) American Natural Soda Ash Corp et al. v the Competition Commission, Botswana Ash (Pty) Ltd et al., Competition Appeal Court Case Number 12/CAC/Dec01. 4 COMPETITION TRIBUNAL (2000 and 2001) American Natural Soda Ash Corp et al. v the Competition Commission, Botswana Ash (Pty) Ltd et al., Competition Tribunal case number 49/CR/ Apr00 and 12/CAC/Dec01. 5 CORREIA, E. (1998) “Joint ventures: Issues in enforcement policy” Antitrust Law Journal, 66: 737- 771. keywords: characterisation; competition; conduct; court; decision; fixing; market; price; reason; rule; sca; tribunal cache: sajems-463.pdf plain text: sajems-463.txt item: #588 of 660 id: sajems-4635 author: None title: sajems-4635 date: None words: 10406 flesch: 22 summary: That is, the simultaneous pursuit of exploitative and explorative initiatives does not decrease but increase social enterprise performance. Amongst these blind spots is the impact of OA on social enterprise performance, particularly in emerging economies. keywords: achievement; ambidexterity; business; capabilities; creation; enterprise performance; enterprises; et al; exploration; firm; journal; management; marketing; performance; research; study; terms; value cache: sajems-4635.htm plain text: sajems-4635.txt item: #589 of 660 id: sajems-4646 author: None title: sajems-4646 date: None words: 9307 flesch: 50 summary: Considering the positive externalities for households from individually received SWPs, we contribute to the literature by being the first study to investigate the relationship between SWPs and people’s SWB across household income quintiles. To derive a household income variable at constant 2014 prices, we deflate household income for 2017 and inflate household income for 2009 and 2011 with the applicable price index (Brophy et al. 2018). keywords: africa; effect; household; household income; income; income quintiles; poverty; propensity; quintiles; relationship; south; study; swb; swps; table; welfare cache: sajems-4646.htm plain text: sajems-4646.txt item: #590 of 660 id: sajems-465 author: Darroch, MAG; Lee, RB; Ortmann, GF title: The economic impact of a rural land tax on selected commercial farms in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa date: 2012-10-19 words: 10055 flesch: 51 summary: Sensitivity analysis is then used to assess whether or not the annual economic profit can finance a range of land tax rates that these municipalities could apply to the market value of land and fixed improvements (the basis for valuing land in terms of the LGMPRA (DPLG, 2004a)). However, the limited surplus available for reinvestment relative to the market value of land and fixed improvements at land tax rates of 2 per cent and greater, even with the 50 per cent rebate proposed by the Umgeni Municipality, would markedly reduce the incentive to make further capital improvements on this farm land. keywords: case; cent; dplg; farm; income; land; land tax; municipality; profit; property; rates; rebate; study; tax; value cache: sajems-465.pdf plain text: sajems-465.txt item: #591 of 660 id: sajems-4657 author: None title: sajems-4657 date: None words: 5606 flesch: 41 summary: Abstract Background: Transfer pricing manipulation diminishes revenue generation by the host countries. Aim: The study examines the effect of transfer pricing manipulation on economic growth in Nigeria. keywords: countries; data; growth; manipulation; nigeria; pricing; pricing manipulation; revenue; study; tax; transfer; transfer pricing; variables cache: sajems-4657.htm plain text: sajems-4657.txt item: #592 of 660 id: sajems-4666 author: None title: sajems-4666 date: None words: 9322 flesch: 38 summary: Abstract Introduction Literature review Research methodology Results and discussions Limitations of the study Conclusions and recommendations Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Beauty Zindi Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Commerce, University of Fort Hare, Bisho, South Africa Modeni M. Sibanda Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Management and Commerce, University of Fort Hare, Bisho, South Africa Citation Zindi, B. & Sibanda, M.M., 2022, ‘Educator performance and the strategic plan priorities of the Eastern Cape Department of Education’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 25(1), a4666. Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between educator performance and the strategic plan priorities of the ECDoE. Setting: Buffalo City Education District in Eastern Cape Province. keywords: department; development; ecdoe; education; educators; employees; goals; management; objectives; performance; plan; planning; programmes; public; results; skills; study; training cache: sajems-4666.htm plain text: sajems-4666.txt item: #593 of 660 id: sajems-4670 author: None title: sajems-4670 date: None words: 10896 flesch: 35 summary: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1001_6 Chenet, P., Dagger, T.S. & O’Sullivan, D., 2010, ‘Service quality, trust, commitment and service differentiation in business relationships’, Journal of Services Marketing 24(5), 336–346. https://doi.org/10.1108/08876041011060440 Chi, C.G.-Q., Wen, B. & Ouyang, Z., 2020, ‘Developing relationship quality in economy hotels: The role of perceived justice, service quality, and commercial friendship’, Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management 29(8), 1027–1051. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2020.1748158 Choi, L. & Lotz, S., 2016, ‘Motivations leading to customer citizenship behavior in services: Scale development and validation’, Journal of Consumer Marketing 33(7), 539–551. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-01-2016-1683 Choi, L. & Lotz, S.L., 2018, ‘Exploring antecedents of customer citizenship behaviors in services’, The Service Industries Journal 38(9–10), 607–628. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2017.1414194 Choi, L., Lotz, S.L. & Kim, M., 2014, ‘The impact of social exchange-based antecedents on customer organizational citizenship behaviors (COCBs) in service recovery’, Journal of Marketing Development & Competitiveness 8(3), 11–24. The most ground-breaking research was presented by Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry (1988:16), who defined perceived service quality as ‘a global judgment, or attitude, relating to the superiority of the service’. keywords: advocacy; baby; behaviours; brand; cohort; commitment; customer; customer advocacy; et al; generation; hailing; journal; justice; marketing; perceptions; relationship; research; ride; service; service quality; study; tnc cache: sajems-4670.htm plain text: sajems-4670.txt item: #594 of 660 id: sajems-47 author: Cronje, Christo title: A more subtle set of information in corporate annual reports for disadvantaged stakeholders date: 2010-12-03 words: 7239 flesch: 38 summary: Key words: Corporate annual reports, information needs of disadvantaged stakeholders, financial decision making JEL M14 1 Introduction This article indicates that full disclosure in corporate annual reports entails both mandatory and discretionary disclosures (Gouws & Cronjé, 2008; Stanton & Stanton 2002: 479) as well as disclosures to enable or empower disadvantaged stakeholders with ‘limited authority, ability, or resources’ (Objective No. 2 in AICPA, 1973). The research problem focuses on the issue whether full disclosure in corporate annual reports could entail mandatory and contextual disclosures as well as a more subtle set of information for disadvantaged stakeholders. keywords: accounting; contextual; decision; disclosures; information; making; reports; research; stakeholders; users cache: sajems-47.pdf plain text: sajems-47.txt item: #595 of 660 id: sajems-4703 author: None title: sajems-4703 date: None words: 5893 flesch: 51 summary: Harris, P., 2016, ‘Importing and exporting income tax law: The international origins of the South African Income Tax Act’, in J. Hatting, J. Roeleveld & C. West (eds.), Income tax in South Africa: The first 100 years (1914–2014), pp. The objective of the study was to determine if funding, received by businesses from alternative sources of funding, is subject to income tax in South Africa. keywords: commissioner; crowdfunding; funding; income; owner; project; revenue; south; tax cache: sajems-4703.htm plain text: sajems-4703.txt item: #596 of 660 id: sajems-4758 author: None title: sajems-4758 date: None words: 7395 flesch: 35 summary: Abstract Background Literature review Research method Findings Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Luckson Phiri Department of Operations Management, Faculty of Public Administration and Operations Management, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa Aletta S. Tolmay Department of Operations Management, Faculty of Public Administration and Operations Management, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa Riaan Dirkse van Schalkwyk Department of Operations Management, Faculty of Public Administration and Operations Management, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa Citation Phiri, L., Tolmay, A.S. & Van Schalkwyk, R.D., 2023, ‘Micro-economic drivers of the South African foundry industry’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 26(1), a4758. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v26i1.4758 Original Research Micro-economic drivers of the South African foundry industry Luckson Phiri, Aletta S. Tolmay, Riaan Dirkse van Schalkwyk Received: 12 July 2022; Accepted: 03 Nov. 2022; Published: 27 Jan. 2023 Copyright: © 2023. Setting: With micro-economic drivers identified, management can then compile a SCA strategy to retain the industry. keywords: advantage; africa; development; drivers; foundries; foundry; industry; journal; literature; management; micro; quality; research; sca; south; study; table cache: sajems-4758.htm plain text: sajems-4758.txt item: #597 of 660 id: sajems-4764 author: None title: sajems-4764 date: None words: 8341 flesch: 32 summary: Studies by Veliu and Manxhari (2017) support this observation, as the importance of managerial competencies to SME success is amplified, becoming increasingly relevant in the case of South Africa that is regularly burdened by education system inequalities, thereby emphasising the relevance of managerial competencies to SMEs trade credit management (Bosma et al. 2020). Collateral solves several financial problems derived from information asymmetry, namely monitoring and screening costs and moral hazard that result in uncertainty specific to debtors’ financial viability, given that collateral requirements mitigate the risk of debtors not committing to credit repayment improving SMEs trade credit management (Barbosa & Moraes 2004; Blumberg & Letterie 2008). keywords: africa; business; components; corruption; credit; enterprises; environmental; factors; information; management; medium; questionnaire; smes; south; trade; trade credit cache: sajems-4764.htm plain text: sajems-4764.txt item: #598 of 660 id: sajems-4766 author: None title: sajems-4766 date: None words: 7246 flesch: 45 summary: The Present Value of LNG exports is dependent on the price forecast for LNG export and the rate of return. Egypt as a regional natural gas export hub Many factors led Egypt to become a hub for NG export. keywords: consumption; egypt; energy; export; figure; gas; increase; lng; model; production; supply; time cache: sajems-4766.htm plain text: sajems-4766.txt item: #599 of 660 id: sajems-4832 author: None title: sajems-4832 date: None words: 9067 flesch: 44 summary: Abstract Background: A media statement issued by the South African Revenue Service (SARS) in 2018 represents the primary guidance available to South African taxpayers on the income tax consequences of crypto asset transactions. Aim: This study assessed the adequacy of the guidelines available to South African taxpayers on the consequences of crypto asset transactions, and identified the income tax consequences for transactions not addressed in these guidelines. keywords: asset transactions; assets; consequences; crypto; crypto asset; guidance; guidelines; income; income tax; revenue; sars; tax; taxpayer; transactions cache: sajems-4832.htm plain text: sajems-4832.txt item: #600 of 660 id: sajems-4835 author: None title: sajems-4835 date: None words: 7226 flesch: 44 summary: There is scope for further research on the addition of ESG factors in the development of asset pricing models in the future, especially during and after the COVID-19 period, which highlighted the importance of sustainability-related practices. Keywords: ESG; ESG performance scores; sustainability; Fama-French; JSE; asset pricing; ESG performance. keywords: esg; esg scores; factor; factor model; fama; ff5f; french; jse; market; model; performance; pricing; research; returns; scores cache: sajems-4835.htm plain text: sajems-4835.txt item: #601 of 660 id: sajems-4849 author: None title: sajems-4849 date: None words: 5702 flesch: 40 summary: Abstract Introduction Theoretical context and hypothesis development Data and methodology Results Event study results Conclusion Acknowledgements References Appendix 1 Footnotes About the Author(s) Lerato Mapela School of Economics and Finance, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Chimwemwe Chipeta Department of Finance, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Citation Mapela, L. & Chipeta, C., 2023, ‘Managerial confidence and capital structure announcement effects on share prices on the Johannesburg Share Exchange’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 26(1), a4849. To examine the impact of capital structure announcements on the share price, we utilise an event study methodology. keywords: announcements; capital; confidence; debt; equity; finance; financial; firm; issue; journal; market; share; structure cache: sajems-4849.htm plain text: sajems-4849.txt item: #602 of 660 id: sajems-4856 author: None title: sajems-4856 date: None words: 9812 flesch: 39 summary: On the other hand, UDO consists of cognitive (relativistic appreciation), behavioural (diversity of contact), and affective (sense of connection) factors that determine an individual’s orientation, behaviour and attitude towards diverse individuals (Miville et al. 1999). Universal-diverse orientation is measured by the Miville-Guzman Universality-Diversity Scale (M-GUDS) and was defined by Miville et al. keywords: diversity; et al; guds; miville; model; research; results; south; study; udo; validity cache: sajems-4856.htm plain text: sajems-4856.txt item: #603 of 660 id: sajems-4860 author: None title: sajems-4860 date: None words: 7360 flesch: 33 summary: More recently, scholars have expressed frustration at the agency theory’s lack of applicability in explaining a relationship between company performance and CEO remuneration (e.g. Boyd & Solarino 2016; Bussin & Modau 2015; Hou, Priem & Goranova 2017; Jensen & Meckling 1976; Martin, Wiseman & Gomez-Mejia 2016; Martin, Wiseman & Gomez-Mejia, 2019). King III moved from King II’s pure rule-based remuneration disclosure requirements, to the introduction of a principle that prescribes a clear link to be established between company performance and CEO remuneration. keywords: agency; ceo; ceo remuneration; company; company performance; governance; journal; model; pay; performance; remuneration; research; south; theory cache: sajems-4860.htm plain text: sajems-4860.txt item: #604 of 660 id: sajems-4866 author: None title: sajems-4866 date: None words: 8732 flesch: 35 summary: Abstract Introduction Literature review Data and method Results Conclusion Acknowledgements References Appendix 1 About the Author(s) Miriam Berenice Dikuua School of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Warren Maroun School of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Wayne van Zijl School of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Asheer Jaywant Ram School of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Citation Dikuua, M.B., Maroun, W., Van Zijl, W. & Ram, A.J., 2023, ‘Audit regulation and its relevance for audit quality in Namibia’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 26(1), a4866. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v26i1.4866 Original Research Audit regulation and its relevance for audit quality in Namibia Miriam Berenice Dikuua, Warren Maroun, Wayne van Zijl, Asheer Jaywant Ram Received: 29 Sept. 2022; Accepted: 27 Feb. 2023; Published: 25 Apr. 2023 Copyright: © 2023. The opinions of audit and regulation experts on the effect that external regulations have on audit quality were then sought, using correspondence analysis and interviews. keywords: analysis; audit; audit quality; competence; correspondence; firm; independence; measures; paab; plot; professional; quality; regulation; research; table cache: sajems-4866.htm plain text: sajems-4866.txt item: #605 of 660 id: sajems-4877 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2022-12-19 words: 655 flesch: 29 summary: Ailie Charteris Akyene Tetteh Alicia Fourie Anak A.G.S. Utama Andrew Phiri Anisha Ramsaroop Anmar Pretorius Anthony Stacey Arthur Mapanga Asif Khan Avani Sebastian Bismark Addai Brownhilder N. Neneh Callie Theron Calvin Mudzingiri Cara Thiart Carel J. van Aardt Caro Janse van Rensburg Cecile Duvenhage Chantel Harris Charmaine Lathleiff Clarise Mostert Claudiu Cicea Cornelia Pop Cornelie Crous Daniel P. Schutte Daniela-Tatiana C. Agheorghiesei Dannielle Cerbone Darma Mahadea David A.L. Coldwell Deborah Mokgojwa Emma Galli Estelle van Tonder Ewert P.J. Kleynhans Favourate Sebele-Mpofu Fredrick Oteng Agyeman Gavin Price Gavin Keeton George F. Nel Gerrit Penning Gladys C. Byegon Goran M. Vukmirovic Hafsa Mansoor Hao Chen Heinz E. Klingelhoefer Hendrik Wolmarans Hoffie Cruywagen Irsad Andriyanto Isabel Martins Jack J. Zulu Janine Krüger Johnny Jansen van Rensburg Kayleigh Greenslade Latha B. Lavanya Lehlohonolo E. Makhanya Leon Oerlemans Li Zhiguang Lilla M. Stack Loraine Mzini Lorainne Ferreira Lucian Pitt Lukas I. Ehlers Maggie M.E. Holtzhausen Makhosandile H. Kwaza Marisa von Fintel Marius Venter Marius Wait Maulid H. Bwabo Meshach J. Aziakpono Michael M. Willie Micheline J. Naude Mihaela Herciu Mohamad Alnafissa Mornay Roberts-Lombard Moses G.R. Pandin Mthokozisi Mlilo N. Mengesha Fentaw Najmul Hoda Nigel T.F. Page 1 of 1 Reviewer Acknowledgement http://www.sajems.org Open Access Acknowledgement to reviewers In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https:// sajems.org for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. keywords: access; journal; management; reviewer; user; van cache: sajems-4877.pdf plain text: sajems-4877.txt item: #606 of 660 id: sajems-4886 author: None title: sajems-4886 date: None words: 8342 flesch: 37 summary: The study attempts to add to the limited scholarly literature on tax as part of the ESG imperative by adding to the current body of knowledge on the correlation between ESG ratings and company tax transparency. Keller, G. & Warrack, B., 1997, Statistics for management and economics, 4th edn., Duxbury Press/ Wadsworth, Belmont, CA. KPMG, 2021, ESG tax transparency: The global journey, viewed 11 May 2022, from https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2021/12/esg-tax-transparency-the-global-journey.html. Kutner, M.H., Nachtsheim, C.J., Neter, J. & Li, W., 2005, Applied linear statistical models, 5th edn., McGraw-Hill, Irwin., NY. Knuutinen, R., 2014, ‘Corporate social responsibility, taxation and aggressive tax planning’, Nordic Tax Journal 2014(1), 36–75. keywords: companies; company; correlation; data; esg; esg rating; governance; jse; king; oecd; rating; reporting; tax; tax transparency cache: sajems-4886.htm plain text: sajems-4886.txt item: #607 of 660 id: sajems-4891 author: None title: sajems-4891 date: None words: 1289 flesch: 47 summary: Management scientists cannot be left behind - online, and social media research is here to stay, and it is not just for anthropologists. In essence it is a three-pronged qualitative data collection method; researchers can either collect online information directly, or they gather data generated through the capture and recording of online community events and interactions or lastly, it can be data the researcher sketches as field notes (Kozinets et al. 2010). keywords: data; information; netnography; research cache: sajems-4891.htm plain text: sajems-4891.txt item: #608 of 660 id: sajems-4900 author: None title: sajems-4900 date: None words: 419 flesch: 34 summary: About the Author(s) Sizwe Khoza Department of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa Chengedzai Mafini Department of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa Welby V. Loury Okoumba Department of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, Faculty of Management Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa Citation Khoza, S., Mafini, C. & Loury Okoumba, W.V., 2023, ‘Corrigendum: Lean practices and supply-chain competitiveness in the steel industry in Gauteng, South Africa’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 26(1), a4900. The original incorrect wording: Explanatory factor analysis A Harma’s one-factor score test was conducted by running the preliminary explanatory factor analysis (EFA) on the sample data. keywords: management cache: sajems-4900.htm plain text: sajems-4900.txt item: #609 of 660 id: sajems-4936 author: None title: sajems-4936 date: None words: 8809 flesch: 30 summary: Abstract Introduction Method Analysis Discussion Conclusion, limitations, and future research Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Emile S. Nkwei Department of Business Support Studies, Faculty of Management Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa Patient Rambe Department of Business Support Studies, Faculty of Management Sciences, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, South Africa Amon Simba Nottingham Business School, Nottingham, United Kingdom Citation Nkwei, E.S., Rambe, P. & Simba, A., 2023, ‘Entrepreneurial intention: The role of the perceived benefits of digital technology’, South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 26(1), a4936. However, the mediating role of EO in driving entrepreneurial intention (EI) amongst young adults, especially in the context of the digital revolution, remains largely underexplored. keywords: adults; attitude; benefits; business; capability; entrepreneurship; journal; model; proactiveness; research; risk; role; study; taking; technology cache: sajems-4936.htm plain text: sajems-4936.txt item: #610 of 660 id: sajems-494 author: Mabuza, Lawrence Majola; Ortmann, Gerald; Wale, Edilegnaw title: Effects of transaction costs on mushroom producers’ choice of marketing channels: implications for agricultural market access in Swaziland date: 2014-03-06 words: 7491 flesch: 51 summary: This study uses cross-section data obtained in 2011/2012 from mushroom producers in Swaziland to study the effects of transaction costs on producers’ choice of marketing channels and the quantity of mushrooms supplied. In attempting to get an indication of whether marketing decisions by mushroom producers in Swaziland are made simultaneously or sequentially, a likelihood ratio (LR) test was conducted wherein the Tobit was tested against Cragg’s model by respectively estimating the Tobit, Probit and Truncated regression using the same variables, and thereafter computing a likelihood ratio (LR) statistic as follows (Green, 2003): keywords: channel; costs; farm; farmers; gate; information; market; marketing; model; mushrooms; price; producers; retail; transaction; variables cache: sajems-494.pdf plain text: sajems-494.txt item: #611 of 660 id: sajems-4959 author: Office, Editorial title: Table of Contents Vol 25, No 1 (2022) date: 2022-12-31 words: 1414 flesch: -134 summary: The entrepreneurial intention-action gap and contextual factors: Towards a conceptual model Paul Roos, Melodi Botha South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 25, No 1 | a4232 | 26 April 2022 Original Research Rural-urban migration and the well-being of the migrant- sending households: An impact evaluation study Gracious Nyoni, Umakrishnan Kollamparambil South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 25, No 1 | a4120 | 29 April 2022 Original Research Sustainable supply chain integration: An exploration of South African fast-moving consumer goods manufacturers Sa’diyah Ebrahim, Wesley Niemann, Theuns Kotzé South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 25, No 1 | a4192 | 23 May 2022 Original Research Rethinking the regulatory environment in post-pandemic South Africa Jonathan Klaaren, Ron Watermeyer South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 25, No 1 | a4465 | 27 September 2022 Research Note Tax: The Pac-Man of funding received from the crowd Annelize Oosthuizen South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 25, No 1 | a4703 | 08 December 2022 Original Research The impact of Kaizen: Assessing the intensive Kaizen training of auto-parts suppliers in South Africa Keijiro Otsuka, Nkumbuzi Ben-Mazwi South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 25, No 1 | a4093 | 18 January 2022 Original Research A proposed leadership skills development model for African FMCG business-networks: Super-Cube® Craig R. Muller, Theuns G. Pelser South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 25, No 1 | a4303 | 24 January 2022 Original Research The significance of an employee value proposition in the retention of teachers at selected South African private schools Karen Swanepoel, Musawenkosi D. Saurombe South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 25, No 1 | a4358 | 23 February 2022 Original Research A proposed risk framework as a tool for sustainability for the South African wine industry Micheline J. Naude, Rodney T. Naude South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 25, No 1 | a4235 | 28 February 2022 Original Research Goals and benefits of digital transformation projects: Insights into project selection criteria Warren M. Gertzen, Elma van der Lingen, Herman Steyn South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences | Vol 25, No 1 | a4158 | 28 February 2022 1 3 12 18 27 42 53 64 Vol 25, No 1 (2022) keywords: african; african journal; journal; management sciences; research; south; vol cache: sajems-4959.pdf plain text: sajems-4959.txt item: #612 of 660 id: sajems-4964 author: None title: sajems-4964 date: None words: 8058 flesch: 37 summary: The findings that emerged from the study can inform: stakeholders on whether to subscribe to company Twitter accounts, companies of what their peers are doing and; regulators about possible risks which need managing, such as financial disclosure on SM and the sharing of fake news on SM to manipulate share prices. A few studies measured the sentiment of company tweets (Hamraoui & Boubaker 2022; Nyakurukwa & Seetharam 2022), whereas others went even further and categorised the tweets using automated methods such as supervised or unsupervised machine learning and advanced textual analysis techniques (Albarrak et al. 2020; Araujo & Kollat 2018; Majumdar & Bose 2019; Nekrasov et al. 2021). keywords: companies; dates; engagement; journal; media; release; research; results; stakeholders; table; tweets; twitter; use; year cache: sajems-4964.htm plain text: sajems-4964.txt item: #613 of 660 id: sajems-503 author: Agheorghiesei (Corodeanu), Daniela-Tatiana; Iliescu, Liliana; Gavrilovici, Cristina; Oprea, Liviu title: Why is an ethical and integrated audit accreditation process required for Romanian hospitals date: 2014-05-29 words: 7424 flesch: 40 summary: They believe that ethical monitoring is beneficial for the activity of healthcare institutions, but also that these institutions are as yet not sufficiently prepared to implement ethical audits. Key words: ethics in healthcare management, Romanian healthcare managers, ethical audit, accreditation JEL: I18, M00, M42 1 Introduction Institutions in the healthcare system now have responsibilities beyond just patient rights or even the rights of employees. keywords: accreditation; accreditation process; audit; cent; ethics; healthcare; hospitals; institutions; management; managers; process; quality; research cache: sajems-503.pdf plain text: sajems-503.txt item: #614 of 660 id: sajems-52 author: Farrington, Shelley; Boshoff, Christo; Venter, Elmarie title: The impact of intra-group processes on family business success date: 2011-03-17 words: 8962 flesch: 46 summary: In addition, this study provides an important first step in gaining insights into the intra- group processes influencing the effective functioning of family business teams. In addition, future studies could focus on other family business teams. keywords: business; et al; family; family business; members; partnership; performance; processes; relationship; sibling; study; success; team; work cache: sajems-52.pdf plain text: sajems-52.txt item: #615 of 660 id: sajems-525 author: Gerber, Marthinus Cornelius; Gerber, Aurona Jacoba; van der Merwe, Alta title: An analysis of fundamental concepts in the conceptual framework using ontology technologies date: 2014-08-29 words: 8321 flesch: 44 summary: Key words: accounting ontology, formal ontology, financial accounting standards, conceptual framework, knowledge representation JEL: M41 1 Introduction A clear, consistent and unambiguous world is not the reality which accountants encounter when they compile financial statements or reports governed by financial accounting standards (Bhimani, 2008; Schipper, 2003; Tweedie, 2007; Wüstemann & Wüstemann, 2010). The framework of financial accounting concepts and standards. keywords: accounting; asset; concepts; definitions; development; fasb; framework; iasb; language; ontology; owl; project; standards cache: sajems-525.pdf plain text: sajems-525.txt item: #616 of 660 id: sajems-528 author: Wentzel, Martha SI; Steyn, Maxi title: Investment promotion in the South African manufacturing industry: incentive comparisons with Malaysia and Singapore date: 2014-05-29 words: 9638 flesch: 44 summary: The 2003 World Investment Report (UNCTAD, 2003:85) and the OECD (2007:4) listed a number of host country determinants that influence FDI, such as economic, political and social stability, rules regarding entry and operations, market size, access to output markets, raw material, skilled labour, transport and communication costs, investment promotion, tax rates and investment incentives. A comparative study of investment incentives available to the manufacturing sector in South Africa, Malaysia and Singapore. keywords: 2012; africa; countries; country; development; fdi; incentives; investment; malaysia; manufacturing; singapore; south; south africa; tax; year cache: sajems-528.pdf plain text: sajems-528.txt item: #617 of 660 id: sajems-534 author: Struwig, Miemie; Plaatjes, W title: Developing a framework to investigate the personal financial management knowledge of individuals date: 2013-02-21 words: 5547 flesch: 41 summary: A qualitative validation process revealed that the framework indeed covers what the average South African citizen is required to know about personal financial planning. Swart (2002) describes a similar conceptual framework for personal financial planning, though he does not define personal financial management. keywords: credit; finances; framework; income; individuals; insurance; joehnk; management; planning; requirements; retirement; tax cache: sajems-534.pdf plain text: sajems-534.txt item: #618 of 660 id: sajems-537 author: Venter, Jan; de Clerq, B title: Tax compliance burden for small, medium and micro establishments in the business services industry date: 2013-02-21 words: 7993 flesch: 50 summary: The objectives of the study are to: • determine how business services establishments of different sizes manage and administrate the taxes, duties and/or levies for which they are responsible; • determine the significance of tax inputs and the usage of tax advice in business decisions in business services SMMEs; and • assess business services establishments’ preferences for various tax measures to reduce the administrative burden of managing tax matters, and determine whether different measures are preferred by the various categories of SMMEs. 4 Research methodology The research methodology used to construct a model able to meet the primary research objectives of the study is explained in this section. This study focuses on the impact taxation has on the administration and management of small business services establishments in Gauteng. keywords: business; business services; cent; establishments; income; medium; micro; sars; services; small; smmes; south; tax cache: sajems-537.pdf plain text: sajems-537.txt item: #619 of 660 id: sajems-538 author: Ziramba, Emmanuel title: Measuring exchange market pressure in South Africa: an application of the Girton-Roper monetary model date: 2013-02-21 words: 3736 flesch: 55 summary: Given the historical developments in exchange rate policy in South Africa, it is felt that the EMP model is particularly applicable. An era dominated by the Bretton Woods arrangements of fixed but adjustable exchange rates; • 1971-1979: A period characterised by the disintegration of the Bretton Woods system and attempts by South Africa to maintain a relatively stable exchange rate of the rand; • 1979-1985: A period of considerable reform of the exchange rate arrangements aimed at developing the market for foreign exchange and a floating exchange rate system; • 1985-1994: A period in which socio-political events forced the authorities to revert to more direct control measures to manage the exchange rate of the rand, and • 1994-1995: The first two years under the new Government of National Unity, during which South Africa’s international financial relations were normalised and steps were taken to develop a forward market with less central bank involvement and progressive relaxation of exchange control. keywords: emp; exchange; model; money; rate cache: sajems-538.pdf plain text: sajems-538.txt item: #620 of 660 id: sajems-540 author: Gupta, Rangan title: Rational expectations and the effects of financial liberalization on price level and output date: 2013-02-25 words: 4806 flesch: 59 summary: Moreover, given that the new structuralists assume that an increase in the nominal interest rate on deposits will result in higher interest rate in the curb market to clear the money market, we have to assume that the money demand function is more elastic to nominal interest rate on deposits than the money supply function. VAN WIJNBERGEN, S. (1985) “Macro- economic effects of changes in bank interest rates: Simulation results for South Korea”, Journal of Development Economics, 18: 541-554. 15. keywords: interest; rate; t t cache: sajems-540.pdf plain text: sajems-540.txt item: #621 of 660 id: sajems-541 author: Ocran, Matthew; Biekpe, Nicholas title: Trends and volatility in sub Saharan Africa’s key primary commodity exports date: 2013-02-21 words: 5917 flesch: 54 summary: Consequently the behaviour of commodity prices assumes increased importance in implementing meaningful economic policies and developing hedging strategies. Previous studies that considered trends in commodity prices present two main approaches. keywords: commodities; commodity; countries; exports; garch; model; oil; paper; prices; primary; ssa; volatility cache: sajems-541.pdf plain text: sajems-541.txt item: #622 of 660 id: sajems-580 author: Mkhize, Mkhethwa; Msweli-Mbanga, Pumela title: The risk-adjusted performance of companies with female directors: A South African case date: 2013-04-09 words: 4107 flesch: 47 summary: i e s without women directors (NO-WOMEN portfolio). The hypothesis this study seeks to test is that: H 0 : There is no difference between the per- formance of companies with women directors and the performance of companies without women directors. keywords: companies; directors; female; index; management; performance; sharpe; study; women cache: sajems-580.pdf plain text: sajems-580.txt item: #623 of 660 id: sajems-582 author: Van Scheers, Louise; Cant, Mike title: The correlation between cherry picking and the distance that consumers travel to do grocery shopping date: 2013-04-09 words: 4619 flesch: 58 summary: These results should help retailers to benefit from cherry picking by taking a proactive approach to store switching and store location, two of the main influences on cherry picking behaviour. Knowledge of cherry picking behaviour is also helpful to manufacturers, since most of the saving made through cherry picking comes from buying items on promotion, so ultimately this saving is subsidised by manufacturer discounting. keywords: cent; cherry; distance; grocery; picking; shopping; store cache: sajems-582.pdf plain text: sajems-582.txt item: #624 of 660 id: sajems-585 author: Scheepers, Retha; Hough, Johan; Bloom, Jonathan title: Entrepreneurial intensity: A comparative analysis of established companies in South Africa date: 2013-04-09 words: 8271 flesch: 40 summary: The findings suggest that ICT companies are more entrepreneurial than JSE companies. JSE companies scored 6.08, while ICT companies scored higher, at 6.35. keywords: age; business; cei; companies; company; degree; entrepreneurial; entrepreneurship; factors; frequency; ict; jse; research cache: sajems-585.pdf plain text: sajems-585.txt item: #625 of 660 id: sajems-586 author: Nyamongo, Esman; Schoeman, Niek; Sichei, Moses title: Government revenue and expenditure nexus in South Africa date: 2013-04-09 words: 5934 flesch: 59 summary: No 2 GOVERNMENT REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE NEXUS IN SOUTH AFRICA Morekwa Esman Nyamongo, Moses M Sichei and Niek J Schoeman Department of Economics, University of Pretoria Abstract This paper investigates the nexus between government expenditure and government revenue in South Africa within the framework of a vector autoregressive (VAR) approach. They looked for evidence of causality between government revenue and government expenditure within a multivariate framework using the Toda and Yamamoto (1995) test of Granger causality. keywords: causality; expenditure; government; government revenue; granger; hypothesis; revenue; unit cache: sajems-586.pdf plain text: sajems-586.txt item: #626 of 660 id: sajems-587 author: Kyereboah-Coleman, Anthony title: The determinants of capital structure of microfinance institutions in Ghana date: 2013-04-09 words: 5548 flesch: 50 summary: No 2 THE DETERMINANTS OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN GHANA Anthony Kyereboah-Coleman University of Ghana Business School, Legon Abstract Using a panel data methodology, this study examines the determinants of capital structure of 52 microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Ghana. 32 RHYNE, E (1998) “The yin and yang of microfinance: Reaching the poor and sustainability”, Microbanking Bulletin, 2. 33 STULZ, R. (1990) “Managerial discretion and optimal financing policies”, Journal of Financial Economics, 20: 3-26. 34 TITMAN, S. & WESSELS, R. (1988) “The determinants of capital structure choice”, The Journal of Economic Theory, 42: 209-243. 35 WALD, J.K. (1999) “How firm characteristics affect capital structure: An international comparison”, Journal of Financial Research, 22: 161-187. 36 WILLIAMS, J. (1987) “Perquisites, risk and capital structure”, Journal of Finance, 42: 29-49. 37 WILLIAMSON, O.E. (1988) “Corporate finance and corporate governance”, Journal of Finance, 43: 567-591. keywords: capital; capital structure; debt; finance; firm; leverage; mfis; structure; term cache: sajems-587.pdf plain text: sajems-587.txt item: #627 of 660 id: sajems-59 author: Mahadea, Darma; Ramroop, Shaun; Zewotir, Temesgen title: Assessing entrepreneurship perceptions of high school learners in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal date: 2011-03-23 words: 7289 flesch: 54 summary: This paper thus examines the socio-economic attributes of the secondary school learners in Pietermaritzburg, the capital of Kwazulu-Natal province, and seeks to isolate certain factors that may influence their dispositions to venture into small business entrepreneurship in the future. Key words: entrepreneurship, school learners, economic growth, gender, employment creation JEL J00, O17, 55, Z13 1 Introduction Although South Africa registered positive economic growth rates since the advent of democracy in 1994, this economic expansion has not been accompanied by significant growth in employment. keywords: africa; business; cent; economic; entrepreneurship; future; learners; model; regression; school; skills; south; table cache: sajems-59.pdf plain text: sajems-59.txt item: #628 of 660 id: sajems-593 author: Van Wyk, Lukas; Saayman, Melville; Rossouw, Riaan; Saayman, Andrea title: Regional economic impacts of events: A comparison of methods date: 2015-05-28 words: 13008 flesch: 57 summary: Source: Adapted from Frechtling (2011:13) 3.1 I-O model As early as 1995, Lundberg, Krishnamoorthy and Stavenga identified I-O analysis as the most commonly used method for assessing economic impacts of projects or events. In order to provide for the leakage principle (i.e. where expenditure that leaks out of the hosting community’s economy is excluded when assessing economic impact), the research follows the SAJEMS NS 18 (2015) keywords: arts; business; cge; economy; events; festival; impact; income; model; north; o model; research; results; saayman; sam; south; spending; total; tourism; visitors; west cache: sajems-593.pdf plain text: sajems-593.txt item: #629 of 660 id: sajems-595 author: Bekker, Michiel Christiaan title: Project governance: "Schools of thought" date: 2014-02-11 words: 5227 flesch: 42 summary: The terminology, definition and context of project governance have become a focal subject for research and discussions in project management literature. From these schools of thought it can be concluded that the definition of project governance is a function of stakeholder complexity and functional positioning in the organisation. keywords: firm; governance; journal; level; literature; management; project; project governance; school; thought cache: sajems-595.pdf plain text: sajems-595.txt item: #630 of 660 id: sajems-607 author: van Niekerk, Antoinette; Viviers, Wilma title: Promoting sustainable economic growth in South Africa through the production and export of low-carbon environmental goods date: 2014-08-29 words: 7179 flesch: 51 summary: The WTO’s Doha Ministerial Mandate aimed to improve the global environment through the technique effect by encouraging the free trade of environmental goods (Tamiotti et al., 2009). Low-carbon environmental goods are only one type of environmental good. keywords: africa; carbon; energy; environmental; export; gas; goods; greenhouse; growth; list; potential; product; south; trade cache: sajems-607.pdf plain text: sajems-607.txt item: #631 of 660 id: sajems-63 author: Esterhuysen, Ja'nel; van Vuuren, Gary; Styger, Paul title: The effect of stressed economic conditions on credit risk in Basel II date: 2011-06-06 words: 7966 flesch: 52 summary: 4 Analysis Figure 5 shows the frequency and severity of bank credit losses for banks using the SA. Figure 1 Brief overview of Basel II credit risk approaches Standardised Internal ratings based (IRB) Approaches • Apply prescribed risk-weights (which differ from Basel I) to exposures residing in asset classes to calculate RWA. keywords: advanced; approaches; banks; basel; basel ii; capital; credit; credit crisis; credit risk; crisis; losses; models; risk cache: sajems-63.pdf plain text: sajems-63.txt item: #632 of 660 id: sajems-639 author: Jyh-Rong, Chou title: A weighted linear combination ranking technique for multi-criteria decision analysis date: 2013-12-07 words: 6781 flesch: 48 summary: 2.1 Distance correlation and proximity matrix MCDA problems usually involve the ranking of a finite set of alternatives in terms of a finite number of decision criteria. It can be used to show the interaction between decision criteria. keywords: aggregation; alternatives; analysis; criteria; criterion; decision; linear; matrix; mcda; method; ranking; set; values; weights cache: sajems-639.pdf plain text: sajems-639.txt item: #633 of 660 id: sajems-641 author: Ramlee, Shamshubaridah; Berma, Madeline title: Financing gap in Malaysian small-medium enterprises: A supply-side perspective date: 2013-12-07 words: 6434 flesch: 48 summary: Efforts to securitize SME loans through the establishment of the National SME Development Council will enable banks to diversify its credit risks (Omar, 2006). Most research on SME financing cited background of SME borrowers, fund availability and accessibility as the key factors shaping the SME funding gap. keywords: borrowers; credit; finance; financing; funding; information; institutions; lending; loan; malaysia; sme; smes; supply cache: sajems-641.pdf plain text: sajems-641.txt item: #634 of 660 id: sajems-648 author: van Vuuren, Gary Wayne; Esterhuysen, Ja'nel title: A primer on counterparty valuation adjustments in South Africa date: 2014-11-28 words: 7771 flesch: 63 summary: Of the losses attributed to counterparty credit risk incurred during the financial crisis of 2008-9 were due to CVA risk; the remaining third were due to actual defaults. The capital implications of CVA risk in the South African milieu are explored, as well as the sensitivity of CVA risk components to market variables. keywords: counterparty; credit; cva; default; exposure; figure; interest; market; model; rate; risk; spreads; value cache: sajems-648.pdf plain text: sajems-648.txt item: #635 of 660 id: sajems-662 author: Khuzwayo, Bhekinkosi; Mare, Eben title: Aspects of volatility targeting for South African equity investors date: 2014-11-28 words: 3349 flesch: 56 summary: In Section 3 we compare risk and return of volatility controlled strategies to typical South African investment asset classes as well as risk controlled investment strategies typified by the Absolute Return peer universe. The latter authors note that a study of volatility controlled strategies leads to insights for fund managers typically constrained by targeted tracking error mandates which in turn are directly impacted by market volatility. keywords: asset; cent; equity; market; return; risk; strategies; volatility cache: sajems-662.pdf plain text: sajems-662.txt item: #636 of 660 id: sajems-666 author: Hong-Cheng, Liu title: A study on the performance of labor outsourcing in the public sector date: 2013-12-07 words: 3615 flesch: 53 summary: For organisational functions not related to core competitiveness, Quinn (1992) argued that labour outsourcing is not a critical strategy or an activity with special benefits. The success of labour outsourcing relies on the ability of an organisation to exercise control (Charles & James, 2000). keywords: average; cent; city; clean; district; efficiency; garbage; outsourcing cache: sajems-666.pdf plain text: sajems-666.txt item: #637 of 660 id: sajems-668 author: Hsiao, Luke; Hsiao, Ming-Chi; Wang, Yu-Lan title: Effects of office space and colour on knowledge sharing and work stress date: 2013-12-07 words: 5778 flesch: 55 summary: In addition to individual work space, public space is incorporated into the working environment of the organisation as a whole. Elsbach and Bechky (2007) suggest that office design could support the intention to share knowledge, and office space design could enhance social interaction between individuals and groups. keywords: brightness; colour; intention; knowledge; model; office; role; saturation; sharing; space; stress; work cache: sajems-668.pdf plain text: sajems-668.txt item: #638 of 660 id: sajems-675 author: Tandoh, Francis; Tewari, Devi Datt title: The income and price elasticity of demand for housing in Ghana: Empirical evidence from household level data date: 2016-04-11 words: 8177 flesch: 62 summary: Third, almost all demand estimations in literature utilise the OLS or other mean-based regression methods that may clad the effects of the various quantiles of housing demand, thereby either underestimating or overestimating the income and price elasticities of the various consumer units; thus wrong estimates can lead to policy failure. They argued that joint modelling of housing demand and neighbourhood choice leads to a consistent estimate despite its complexities, and concluded that ignoring the simultaneous nature of neighbourhood effects and demand for housing biased the estimates. keywords: demand; elasticity; estimates; ghana; household; housing; housing demand; income; localities; owner; price; rental; rural; urban cache: sajems-675.pdf plain text: sajems-675.txt item: #639 of 660 id: sajems-69 author: Urban, Boris title: Social capital configurations for necessity-driven versus opportunity-driven entrepreneurs date: 2011-12-06 words: 8387 flesch: 46 summary: In a review of business networks, Blundel and Smith (2001) conclude that during venture creation, most entrepreneurs rely on informal sources in their personal networks in order to mobilize resources, especially before a venture is set up. Nonetheless in spite of their poor social network infrastructure, African firms of varying size and structure make very effective use of business networks (Ahwireng-Obeng, 2006). keywords: business; capital; differences; entrepreneurs; journal; nde; necessity; networking; networks; ode; opportunity; research; south; support; ties cache: sajems-69.pdf plain text: sajems-69.txt item: #640 of 660 id: sajems-693 author: Urban, Boris title: Associations between entrepreneurial empowerment and reasons for self-employment date: 2013-07-11 words: 7541 flesch: 40 summary: No 3 313 AssociAtions between entrepreneuriAl empowerment And reAsons for self-employment B Urban Department of Entrepreneurship, University of Johannesburg Abstract Building on previous research relating to entrepreneurship, empowerment and self-employment, this article investigates the relationship between entrepreneurial empowerment, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and self-employment. This review aims to survey the key concepts behind the central research focus, which investigates the relationship between entrepreneurial empowerment (EE), explored using a model of entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), and identifies reasons for business start- ups and self-employment. keywords: business; correlation; efficacy; empowerment; entrepreneurship; management; reasons; research; risk; self; start; study; table; taking cache: sajems-693.pdf plain text: sajems-693.txt item: #641 of 660 id: sajems-696 author: Okurut, FN; Schoombee, GA title: Credit market access in Uganda: evidence from household survey data 1999/2000 date: 2013-07-11 words: 5902 flesch: 43 summary: Table 1 Variables used in this study Definition and unit of measurement Lessmo = credit rationing status (=1 if credit rationed in credit market, otherwise zero) Leve1 = credit demand status (=1 if applied for credit from credit markets) Ln(recivo) = natural log of amount of credit received in US dollars Ln(age) The results of the analysis of factors that influence the amount of credit supplied in credit markets are presented in Table 4. Table 4 Heckman two-step selection model for amount of credit supplied in the Ugandan national credit market Equation of interest: dependent variable lnrecivo (amount of loan received) Explanatory variables Coefficients Ln(age) 0.185 (1.42) Ln(hhexp) 1.251 (16.64)*** Ln(astva) 0.201 (4.04)*** Ln(lan) 0.040 (1.26) Ln(hhsize) 0.918 (10.26)*** Constant –6.047 (9.35)*** Selection equation: dependent variable leve1 (=1 if applied for a loan in credit market) Gender (Male=1) 0.396 (13.67)*** Dummy: Urban –0.087 (2.20)** Ln(depr) 0.200 (5.02)*** Dummy: Central region 0.438 (7.37)*** Dummy: Eastern region 0.636 (11.08)*** Dummy: Western region 0.765 (13.60)*** Constant –2.146 (35.73)*** Lambda –0.394 (2.40)** 382 SAJEMS NS 10 (2007) keywords: access; credit; household; lenders; level; markets; probability; rationing cache: sajems-696.pdf plain text: sajems-696.txt item: #642 of 660 id: sajems-709 author: Aregbeshola, Rafiu Adewale title: Foreign direct investment and policy framework: New Granger causality evidence from African countries date: 2014-11-28 words: 6364 flesch: 47 summary: FDINFL = foreign direct investment inflow, which is expressed as a percentage of GDP ECOPEN = economic openness, which is measured by merchandise trade to GDP (in percentage) No 5:557-568 557 FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND INSTITUTIONAL ADEQUACY: NEW GRANGER CAUSALITY EVIDENCE FROM AFRICAN COUNTRIES Adewale R Aregbeshola Department of Business Management, University of South Africa Accepted: April 2014 The strategic importance of foreign direct investment in the contemporary economies has been tremendous. keywords: africa; countries; country; fdi; government; inflow; international; investment; mncs; openness; study; test; trade; variables cache: sajems-709.pdf plain text: sajems-709.txt item: #643 of 660 id: sajems-720 author: Esposto, Alexis title: Labour market reform and potential inequality of outcomes: The Australian story date: 2013-12-07 words: 5863 flesch: 52 summary: The paper is thus divided as follows: section 1 provides an introduction; section 2 discusses changes in the Australian labour market; section 3 presents the various institutional reforms that occurred in Australia over the last three decades; section 4 examines labour market change over a 40 year period; section 5 analyses upskilling in employment growth and hours worked; and section 6 provided a discussion of results and conclusions. Two major factors have contributed towards a trend that promotes labour market change, namely, demand and supply factors, and institutional forces. keywords: casual; changes; employment; growth; hours; labour; market; skills; time; work cache: sajems-720.pdf plain text: sajems-720.txt item: #644 of 660 id: sajems-731 author: De Pelsmacker, Patrick title: Book review: Export promotion. A decision support model approach date: 2013-09-02 words: 646 flesch: 44 summary: To this end, Export Promotion – A Decision Support Model Approach offers a refreshingly practical, yet empirically sound and finely tuned, approach to export market selection. Export Promotion – A Decision Support Model Approach makes a timeous and important contribution to the literature in the export promotion and development fields, and is highly recommended for academics, foreign policy experts, export promotion officials and export managers. keywords: export; model cache: sajems-731.pdf plain text: sajems-731.txt item: #645 of 660 id: sajems-737 author: Alemu, Aye Mengistu; Lee, Jin-Sang title: Foreign aid on economic growth in Africa: A comparison of low and middle-income countries date: 2015-11-27 words: 6642 flesch: 52 summary: No 4:449-462 449 How to cite DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2222-3436/2015/v18n4a1 I S S N : 2 2 2 2 - 3 4 3 6 FOREIGN AID ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN AFRICA: A COMPARISON OF LOW AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES Aye Mengistu Alemu* SolBridge International School of Business, South Korea Jin-Sang Lee Duksung Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea Previous empirical studies on the effects of foreign aid on economic growth have generated mixed results that make it difficult to draw policy recommendations. keywords: african; aid; capital; countries; development; economic; exports; growth; impact; income; index cache: sajems-737.pdf plain text: sajems-737.txt item: #646 of 660 id: sajems-787 author: Mustapha, Nazeem; Mendi, Pedro title: Multinational corporations as channels for international technology transfer: Evidence from the South African innovation survey date: 2015-03-04 words: 7611 flesch: 44 summary: In this article, we investigate the importance of South African subsidiaries of foreign multinationals as channels to introduce foreign innovations in the South African market. However, we also find that they are not more likely to introduce foreign innovations developed in collaboration with or mostly by another firm outside their own multinational, or innovations that are new to the South African market. keywords: firms; foreign; forsub; industries; innovation; knowledge; mncs; south; subsidiaries; technology; variables cache: sajems-787.pdf plain text: sajems-787.txt item: #647 of 660 id: sajems-807 author: Packendorff, Johann; Lindgren, Monica title: Projectification and its consequences: Narrow and broad conceptualisations date: 2014-02-11 words: 8520 flesch: 39 summary: From its very inception, project management research has been defined through its focus on the Abstract 8 SAJEMS Special Issue 17 (2014) : 7-21 single project as unit of analysis, understood as a manageable and researchable item whose intrinsic mechanisms were to be uncovered in pursuit of project success (Packendorff, 1995). The increased use of projects and project management in almost all societal sectors has resulted in a powerful and well-established practical knowledge field that set out to provide project managers with tools and methodologies for achieving project success. keywords: 2006; 2014; cicmil; international; journal; lindgren; management; new; organisations; packendorff; project; project management; projectification; research; work cache: sajems-807.pdf plain text: sajems-807.txt item: #648 of 660 id: sajems-808 author: Jerbrant, Anna title: A maturation model for project-based organisations – with uncertainty management as an always remaining multi-project management focus date: 2014-02-11 words: 11417 flesch: 41 summary: At the Contract Division, on the other hand, a mature and comprehensive process for project management that had been developed during the last decade was already in place, so the PMO emerged as a more organic structure when the need for resource allocation and prioritisation increased because the number of projects in the portfolio increased significantly. The way in which both companies were using projects as a temporary organisational measure (Lundin & Söderholm, 1995) implies that they were managing a complex social interaction, which means that the focus of project management was mainly on the inte- gration of project activities conducted in different organisational units (Hobday, 2000). keywords: business; division; international; journal; management; managers; organisation; pmo; portfolio; portfolio management; project; project management; project managers; project portfolio; time; uncertainty; uncertainty management cache: sajems-808.pdf plain text: sajems-808.txt item: #649 of 660 id: sajems-818 author: Jenkins, Glenn P; Zeinali, Armin title: Cost-effective infrastructure choices in education: Location, build or repair date: 2015-03-04 words: 8456 flesch: 61 summary: No 1:70-83 71 incremental cost-effectiveness criterion was used to select the location of additional investment expenditures in building new school buildings and to repair the existing stock of school classrooms. Key words: education, cost-effectiveness, school location, school construction, school repair, South Africa JEL: D61, I28, H52, 75 1 Introduction One of the main problems for the education sectors in many developing countries is the lack of school buildings and other infra- structure. keywords: budget; classroom; construction; cost; effectiveness; number; primary; renovation; school; school district cache: sajems-818.pdf plain text: sajems-818.txt item: #650 of 660 id: sajems-838 author: Bussin, Mark title: CEO pay-performance sensitivity in the South African context date: 2015-05-28 words: 7228 flesch: 46 summary: Literature related to executive remuneration constructs, company performance measures and the underlying theories is critically reviewed in this article. This has created a natural disconnect between what executives are being paid and company performance resulting in inverse relationships between some of company performance measures with CEO total remuneration, especially fixed pay. keywords: african; ceo; company; company performance; compensation; executive; managerial; market; measures; pay; performance; relationship; remuneration; south cache: sajems-838.pdf plain text: sajems-838.txt item: #651 of 660 id: sajems-86 author: Jooste, Leonie title: A comparison of ethical perceptions of earnings-management practices date: 2011-12-06 words: 7693 flesch: 55 summary: Septemer 2011 In 1990, Bruns and Merchant (1990) surveyed earnings management practices and asked the readership of the Harvard Business Review to rate the acceptability of those practices. Despite increased research focusing on business ethics since 1990, there is little evidence that business schools and the profession are educating accountants about earnings management practices. keywords: accounting; business; earnings; earnings management; management; managers; merchant; practices; students; studies cache: sajems-86.pdf plain text: sajems-86.txt item: #652 of 660 id: sajems-885 author: None title: sajems-885 date: None words: 8336 flesch: 42 summary: After this brief introduction, a review of the literature on capital structure is described in the section ‘Capital structure: Literature review’. Handoo, A. & Sharma, K., 2014, ‘A study on determinants of capital structure in India’, IIMB Management Review 26, 170–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iimb.2014.07.009 Harris, M. & Raviv, A., 1990, ‘Capital structure and the informational role of debt’, The Journal of Finance 45(2), 321–349. keywords: angola; assets; capital structure; data; debt; determinants; finance; firms; journal; leverage; market; results; study; theory cache: sajems-885.htm plain text: sajems-885.txt item: #653 of 660 id: sajems-902 author: Buys, Pieter title: Editorial foreword: SAJEMS 25 year anniversary special edition date: 2014-02-11 words: 1422 flesch: 41 summary: South African research environment This requirement gained importance in the course of the South African academic research environment in the 1990s, as conditions for academic journals became more stringent in view of the impending system of journal accreditation, leading to stricter measures for academic publications across all the tertiary institutions in the country. keywords: journal; prof; sajems; university cache: sajems-902.pdf plain text: sajems-902.txt item: #654 of 660 id: sajems-914 author: Buys, Pieter title: Short CVs of contributors to the special issue date: 2014-02-11 words: 969 flesch: 32 summary: Microsoft Word - b Short bios of_Contributors_SI.doc iv SAJEMS Special Issue 17 (2014) : iv-v Short CVs of Contributors to the Special Issue Michiel C Bekker Michiel (Giel) Bekker is a senior lecturer in Project Management in the Graduate School of Technology Management, University of Pretoria, South Africa. Dr Packendorff’s research has been published in Journal of Management Studies, Human Relations, Scandinavian Journal of Management and International Journal of Project Management. keywords: management; project; research; university cache: sajems-914.pdf plain text: sajems-914.txt item: #655 of 660 id: sajems-935 author: Lee, Gregory John title: Seeking rigor in South African business research: Aspirational principles in contrast to a recent publication date: 2014-09-01 words: 7726 flesch: 47 summary: Small business research, for instance, may of course vest in ‘obvious’ categories of outlets such as management and business, less derivative but commonly referenced areas such as psychology, economics and sociology, and in areas perhaps less commonly accessed such as economic geography. In general, it is hoped that these comments may be interpreted as a more general call to greater methodological rigor in fields such as small business research, and that the illustrations given here may show that such enhancements are easily accessible to most researchers. keywords: article; bias; business; farrington; findings; journal; method; performance; personality; research; south; zhao cache: sajems-935.pdf plain text: sajems-935.txt item: #656 of 660 id: sajems-95 author: Musvoto, Saltiel Wedzerai; Gouws, Daan title: The concept of a scale in accounting measurement date: 2010-12-01 words: 8451 flesch: 50 summary: This study compares the practices of accounting measurement with the principles of the representational theory of measurement to determine whether the attributes of accounting phenomena are measured on well-founded scales. The nature of accounting measurements demands that the scales of measurement should be specified before they are compared. keywords: accounting; assets; concept; discipline; measurement; scale; theory; value cache: sajems-95.pdf plain text: sajems-95.txt item: #657 of 660 id: sajems-96 author: Farrington, Shelley; Venter, Elmarie; Eybers, Carey; Boshoff, Christo title: Task-based factors influencing the successful functioning of copreneurial businesses in South Africa date: 2011-03-17 words: 11802 flesch: 48 summary: An overview of the field of family business studies: current status and directions for the future. Although the concept of copreneurship has been around for almost twenty years (Barnett & Barnett, 1988), as they become more common these types of family businesses are receiving an increasing amount of attention in the small and family business literature (Marshack, 1994; Rutherford et al., 2006; Muske & Fitzgerald, 2006; Poza & Messer, 2001; Rowe & Hong, 2000). keywords: 2006; business; copreneurship; factors; family; family business; growth; involvement; leadership; performance; relationship; skills; spouses; study; success; team; variables cache: sajems-96.pdf plain text: sajems-96.txt item: #658 of 660 id: sajems-961 author: Dlamini, Mbusi; Sutherland, Margie; Werbeloff, Merle title: The effects of hybrid pay incentives on work-team performance: A longitudinal study date: 2015-11-27 words: 6954 flesch: 51 summary: Despite the prevalence of work teams within organisations (Devine et al., 1999), extant literature shows a gap in studies on the combined effects of direct and hybrid pay incentives on team performance over time. This study set out to examine the effects of using incentives to enhance team performance through the alignment of overall team goals by using a combination of individual team member pay incentives based on their own performance and a hybrid incentive pay structure for team supervisors based on a combination of their own and their team members’ individual performance. keywords: doi; effects; hybrid; incentives; journal; pay; performance; research; study; team; tellers; time; work cache: sajems-961.pdf plain text: sajems-961.txt item: #659 of 660 id: sajems-97 author: Du Toit, Adeline; Van Staden, Roelof title: Career development of South African knowledge workers date: 2011-03-23 words: 5902 flesch: 50 summary: The demand for knowledge workers is on the increase, yet little is known about their career perceptions and attitudes. The objective of this article is to determine the factors affecting the career development of knowledge workers in South Africa. keywords: career; cent; development; economy; knowledge; knowledge workers; learning; management; organisations; respondents; south; workers cache: sajems-97.pdf plain text: sajems-97.txt item: #660 of 660 id: sajems-98 author: Perks, Sandra title: Exploring the management abilities of spaza shop owners in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan Municipality date: 2010-12-01 words: 7789 flesch: 63 summary: Eleven per cent of spaza shop owners do not use any means of advertising. Small business management: An entrepreneurial emphasis. keywords: 2008; africa; business; cent; customers; functions; information; management; owners; respondents; shops; south; spaza; staff; stock; table cache: sajems-98.pdf plain text: sajems-98.txt