Page 4 P H Y S I O T H E R A P Y SEPTEMBER, 1972 advantage o f the stre n g th s o f her staff a n d by m ak in g them aw are o f their sta n d in g in th e to ta l p ictu re, h e r sta ff will o b tain a higher degree o f jo b sa tisfac tio n . T he th e ra p is t w ho enjoys her w ork is a fa r m o re p ro d u c tiv e th e ra p is t w ho frequently applies a m o re in q u irin g a ttitu d e . T his, again, leads to fu rth e r d e v elopm ent in the d e p a rtm e n t to the m utual benefit o f a l l . 5 Perform ance is the key w ord in th e a p p ra isa l p ro g ram m e and it is necessary th at all co n ce rn ed u n d e rsta n d th a t it is perform ance only th a t is being ra te d a n d n o t p e rsonality. T he therapist should be a w a re o f h e r e v alu a tio n , her stre n g th s and w eaknesses, a nd how she can im prove her p e rfo rm a n c e - the em phasis sh ould alw ays be positive. G o o d c o m m u n ic a ­ tion techniques a re o f p a ra m o u n t im p o rta n c e to the overall program m e. Summary In conclusion the w rite r lias a tte m p te d to sh o w th at therapist ev alu atio n is necessary. T h e a p p ra isa l fo rm a t, frequency, a nd u tilisa tio n h a v e been discussed. A ll p a rtic i­ pants m ust have com p le te u n d e rsta n d in g o f the reasons, aim s and objectives o f the sta ff a p p ra isa l a n d these m ust be clearly defined a t the beginning o f the p ro g ram m e. The successful im p le m e n tatio n a n d c o n tin u a n c e o f the staff evaluation p ro g ram m e is d ep en d e n t u p o n th e e x istence o f open channels o f c o m m u n ic a tio n . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS T he a u th o r w ould like to th a n k D r. T . E. H u n t, P rofessor and H ead o f th e D e p a rtm e n t o f R e h a b ilita tio n M edicine, University H o spital, S a sk a to o n , S a sk a tch e w a n , fo r his assistance in p re p a rin g this paper. I am also g rateful fo r the assistance o f the Personnel D e p a rtm e n t at the U niversity H ospital, a n d the p h y sio th e ra p y sta ff o f the D e p a rtm e n t o f R e h ab ilitation M edicine. A p p re cia tio n , to o , is expressed to my colleague, M iss D o re e n M o o re , fo r h e r help and encouragem ent. REFERENCES 1. Heyel, C. (1962). “ M a n a g em en t fo r M o d e rn S u p e r­ visors” , A m erican M a n a g em en t A ssociation. 2. H ofkosh, J. M . “ O rg a n isa tio n a l B e h av io u r” , J. Am er. Phys. Thcr. Assoc.-, Vol. 50, 8 (1157-1161). 3. Lister, M . J. “ P e rfo rm an c e E v alu atio n o f the N ew Staff M em ber” , J . A m er. P hys. Ther. A sso c .; Vol. 46, 4 (387-390). 4. L ogan, Spencer. “ C o m m u n ic a tio n ” , J . A m er. P hys. Ther. A sso c .; Vol. 50, 8 (1153-1156). 5. L uck, T h o m a s. (1955). “ Personnel A u d it a n d A p p ra isa l” M c G raw -H ill, New Y o rk . 6. M cD aniel, L. V. “ T h e C ritic al In c id e n t M e th o d in E v alu atio n ” , J . A m er. Phys. Ther. A ssoc.] Vol. 44, 4 (235-242) 7. M cG ibony, J o h n R. “ Principles o f A d m in is tra tio n ” , C. P. P u tn a m a n d S ons, N ew Y o rk , 2nd e d ition. 8. Paulsen, F. R. “ C o m m u n ic a tio n in th e Im p ro v em en t of P rofessional P e rfo rm a n c e ” , J. A m er. Phys. Ther. A s s o c .; Vol. 43, 9 (650-655). 9. Sayles, L. R .,a n d S tra u ss, G . (1966). “ H u m a n B e haviour in O rg a n isa tio n ” , P rentice-H all In c ., E nglew ood Cliffs, New Jersey. 10. T ay lo r, J. H . (1959). “ P ersonnel A d m in is tra tio n ” , M c G raw -H ill B ook C o . L td ., New Y ork. 11. W eim er, E. W. “ K e y n o te A d d ress to In s titu te on A d m in istra tio n , S upervision a n d C o n su lta tio n - A m e ri­ c an Physical T h e ra p ists A s so c ia tio n ” , J . A m er. Phys. Ther. A ssoc.; Vol. 50, 8 (1145-1147). 12. W ood, M a rtin . “ A p p ra isa l o f P rofessional P e rfo rm an c e - O ne A spect o f P hysical T h e ra p y A d m in is tra tio n ” , J. A m er. P hys. Ther. A sso c .; Vol. 42, 9 (565-569). 13. Y oder, D . (1957). “ P ersonnel M a n a g e m e n t a nd In d u stria l R e la tio n s” , P re n tic e-H all, In c ., E nglew ood Cliffs, New Je rse y ; 4th e dition. 14. Z im m erm an , J . P. “ T h e Physical T h e ra p is ts S ta k e in A d m in is tra tio n Proficiency” , J. A m er. Phys. Ther. A ssoc.; Vol. 48, 3 (223-227). D Y N A M IC MUSCLE TESTING and PROGRESSIVE RESISTANCE EXERCISES S H E E N A I R W I N - C A R R U T H E R S U niversity o f Stellenbosch, D ept. Phys. AVERAGE REPETITION MAXIMUMS IN YOUNG WOMEN D u rin g the last fo u r years the U n iversity o f Stellenbosch has c arried o u t dy n a m ic niusclc tests o n all physiotherapy stu d e n ts e n te rin g th eir th ird y e a r o f train in g . Sincc we have been u n a b le to trac e tables fo r w om en in the av ailab le lite ra tu re , it w as th o u g h t th a t th e results o l these tests m ight be o f interest to o th e r p h y sio th era p ists. Ther tables have been found to be o f use w hen tra in in g students in tec hniques o f progressive re sistan c e exercises as well as w hen e stim a tin g the re q u ire d re p e titio n m axim um in patients. METHODS E ight m a jo r m uscle g ro u p s were tested. T h e sta rtin g p o sitio n s c h o se n were basically th o se acjvocated by D aniels, W illiam s a n d W o rth in g h a m 1 fo r m a n u a l testing o f muscles c a p a b le o f p ro d u c in g m ovem ent a g ain st gravity. The ex ce p tio n s w ere the q u a d ric e p s a nd the h ip extensors, the sta rtin g p o sitio n s fo r w hich a re show n below (Figs. I a n d 2). Fig. I. Starting position for quadriceps testing. R ep ro du ce d by S ab in et G at ew ay u nd er li ce nc e gr an te d by th e P ub lis he r (d at ed 2 01 3. ) Table I. Average ten repetition maximum (10 R.M.) and on repetition maximum (1 R.M.) of major muscle groups in young women. SEPTEMBER, 1 972 P H Y S I O T H E R A P Y Page 5 M uscle G ro u p 1969 1970 1971 1972 A verage 1 R .M . 10 R .M . 1 R .M . 10 R .M . 1 R .M . 10 R .M . 1 R .M . 10 R .M . 1 R .M . 10 R .M . R e c t u s a b d o m i n i s . . . 43 22 48 22 44 23 57 32 48 25 M i d d l e d e l t o i d . . . . 12 10 13 9 13 8 14 10 13 9 T r i c e p s ( w i t h a n c o n e u s ) 19 14 20 14 20 13 25 19 21 15 B i c e p s ( w i t h b r a c h i a l i s ) . G l u t e u s m a x . 30 22 25 17 24 19 26 17 26 19 (c h a m strin g s) . . . G lu teu s m edius & 35 20 42 25 33 21 34 26 36 23 m i n i m u s .......................... 28 20 31 21 27 17 29 21 29 20 Q u a d r i c e p s ..................... 53 40 44 33 47 31 61 50 51 39 H a m s t r i n g s ...................... 42 32 41 27 44 32 33 29 40 30 Fig. II. Starting position for testing the hip extensors. iThe ten re p etitio n m axim um a n d o n e rep etitio n m axim um were tested a c c o rd in g to the definition given by G a r d in e r 2. Each test w as preceded by light “ w a rm in g u p ” exercises for the respective m uscle g ro u p . In the first y e ar u n d e r review sandbags w ere used fo r testing p u rp o se s; in the follow ing three years a de L o rm e b o o t w as used. T h e re w as no signi- cant difference betw een the results o b ta in e d by the tw o methods. T here a p p e a re d to be re aso n a b ly g ood c o rre la tio n betw een the results o b ta in e d o ver th e fo u r-y e a r p eriod (T able I). T he average age o f the stu d e n ts w as 20 years 8 m o n th s, ranging from 19 y ears to 2 2 i y ears. O nly a relatively sm all p ro p o rtio n o f th e stu d e n ts actively p a rtic ip a te d in s p o rt. In a d d itio n to the d ynam ic tests, sta tic tests w ere c arried o u t on th ree m uscle g ro u p s: the q u a d ric e p s , the e re c to r spin a e a n d the finger flexors (in a p ow er grip). T h e first tw o w ere tested by m eans o f a S a lte r s p rin g b a lance with the jo in ts p o sitio n e d a b o u t 10° s h o rt o f the fully sh o rte n e d p o sitio n fo r the respective m uscle g ro u p s. G rip w as tested by m ean s o f a d in a m o m e te r w hich a c te d on a sim ilar p rinciple. T h e resu lts a re show n in T a b le II. T h e p o o r c o rre la tio n betw een the fo u r results fo r the q u a d ric ep s c a n n o t be explained. Table II. Average values for static muscle tests. M uscle G ro u p 1969 1970 1971 1972 A verage Q u a d ric e p s . . 47 110 48 78 71 E re c to r spinae 145 124 118 131 130 G rip . . . . 20 24 23 22 22 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. D a n iels, L., W illiam s, M ., a n d W o rth in g h a m , C. (1964). “ M uscle T esting, T e c h n iq u e s o f M a n u a l E x am i­ n a tio n ” . P h ilad e lp h ia a n d L o n d o n . W. B. S a u n d e rs C o. 2. G a rd in e r, M . D . (1960). “ T h e Principles o f Exercise T h e ra p y ” . L o n d o n . G . Bell a n d Sons, L td. R ep ro du ce d by S ab in et G at ew ay u nd er li ce nc e gr an te d by th e P ub lis he r (d at ed 2 01 3. )