Page 16 P H Y S I O T H E R A P Y JUNE, 1971 O .F .S . S C H O O L O F P H Y S IO T H E R A P Y It seems as if the First Years are getting into the sw ing o f things already and settling dow n— the party they gave us went dow n very well. W e d o thank them for all the trouble they went to to m ake it a success. Our heartiest congratulations and g o o d w ishes to Lucill Oertel— a Second Y ear— w ho is to be married to M artin van Schalkwyk on 22nd M ay. W e w ish them the very best o f luck for the future. Three o f our girls m ade Varsity hockey teams this year— T oni Smit and A rlene Kruger w ho played first and toured R hodesia during the holidays— and Jane Vorster w h o played for the second team in East L ondon. K eep it up girls— we are proud o f y o u ! T o those w ho passed their sups— well done— and good luck to all for the m id year exams. D IE U N IV E R SIT E IT V A N ST E L L E N B O SC H Ons wil alm al vir mnr. G oedhart, ons nuwe lektor, baie w elkom heet hier in on s M atie-geledere. V olgens hom het hy met „sy neus in die hotter geval” wat betref die fisio- terapiedans. Ons h o o p egter hy voel net so oor die klasgee. O ok baie w elkom aan mej. Stephan wat na tw ee jaar se afwesigheid, besluit het om ’n bietjie vir die derdejaars onderhande te neem. Ons h o o p net die groot klas k iy haar nie onder nie. Ja, die jaarlikse fisioterapiedinee-dans het gekom en gegaan, en was weer so o s altyd ’n g root sukses. D ie Bracken- fell M otel hei uitgehang met heerlike geregte, die atmosfeer k o n memand iets aan verander nie, en die derdejaar- studente, w at die funksie gereel het, het gesorg dat alles so glad so o s seep verloop het. S o o s gew oonlik het o o k ’n paar harte in die slag gebly. Veral die derdejaars is die ergste getref. Cupido het egter onder die vierdejaars sy grootste slag geslaan. Baie geluk aan Anna-M are Steyn en Esther le Grange met hulle verlowings en ’n groot geluk aan Elsab6 M aree wat reeds haar eerste roeping vervul het, naamlik om van van te verander. D ie tee by Stellenbosch, gereel deur die tweedejaar- studente het alm al baie geniet. D ie eetgoed was heerlik! Baie dankie Carol de Villiers vir al julle moeite. D ie fisioterapeute van H uis Francie van Zijl w as vanjaar baie bly om mej. R unnalls vir ete in die koshu is te kon ontvang. Ons h o o p die ander lektrises sal haar voorbeeld volg, en ons b e lo o f dat almal dan die verskil tussen letter- lik en figuurlik sal weet! A B S T R A C T S Am. J . Physiol., 219, 5, N ov., 1970: M o r t i m e r , J. T ., M a g n u s s o n , R ., and P e t e r s e n , I:. C on du ction velocity in ischem ic muscle: effect on E .M .G . frequency spectrum. S u m m a ry : A study o f the effects o f ischaem ia o n red m uscle (soleus) and white m uscle (gastrocnemius) w as m ade by recording the condu ction times during and follow in g periods o f repeated contractions whilst the m uscle was ischaem ic. T he action-potential condu ction velocity de­ creased significantly during ischaemia, the decrease being m ore pronounced in gastrocnem ius than in soleus. M uch smaller changes in condu ction velocity resulted o n pro­ longed stim ulation o f dextran-perfused m uscle, and the authors concluded that the maintenance o f norm al con ­ duction velocity was dependent upon the b lood flow for the rem oval o f m etabolic by-products (probably lactic acid) rather than for an energy supply. Ibid., 219, 6, D e c., 1970: Z a l e w s k i , A . A .: Effects o f reinnervation o n denervated skeletal m uscle by axons o f m otor, sensory, and sym pathetic neurons. S u m m a ry : T his study was undertaken to establish which type o f nerve fibre w as responsible for the trophic action o f nerve o n m uscle, it having been noted that the effects o f denervation are reversed follow in g reinnervation by axons o f m otor neurons, but not follow in g reinnervation by sensory neurons. Denervated rat sternom astoid m uscles were reinnervated by axon s o f (1) the original m otor nerve, (2) the m otor hyp oglossal nerve, (3) sensory neurons o f the ragal n o d o se ganglion, and (4) preganglionic cervical sym pathetic nerve fibres. Functional reinnervation only occurred in the cases o f (1) and (2); m uscles reinnervated by sensory or sym pathetic fibres continued to resemble chronically denervated m uscle. J . Neurol. S ci., 11, 6, D ec., 1970: 1. E d s t r o m , L.: Selective changes in the sizes o f red and w hite m uscle fibres in upper m otor lesions by Parkinson­ ism. S u m m a ry : H istochem ical studies were made o f m uscle biopsy material from on e group o f-p a tie n ts with upper m otor neurone lesions and another group with Parkin­ sonism . W hite m uscle fibres dem onstrated atrophy whilst red m uscle fibres either remained unchanged or showed hypertrophy. It w as suggested that this was directly related to the disuse o f phasic m otor units in these conditions, due to paresis or akinesia, and increased input to tonic m otor units as a result o f spasticity or rigidity. 2. E d s t r o m , L .: Selective atrophy o f red m uscle fibres in the quadriceps in long-standing knee-joint dysfunction: Injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament. S u m m a ry : Vastus m edialis was biopsied in 10 long-standing and one acute case o f anterior cruciate ligament injury. The majority show ed a marked difference in size between red and white m uscle fibres, demonstrating — in contrast to the ab ove study o n upper m otor neuron lesion s and Parkinsonism — a selective atrophy o f the red fibres. This atrophy is com pared to that follow in g soleus tenotom y (M cM in n and Vrbova, 1962) and various reasons for its occurrence are postulated, the m ost probable being that joint instability follow in g anterior cruciate injury approxi­ mates the results o f a tenotom y in interfering with proprio­ ceptive function. Inhibition due to pain, where present, would also reduce proprioceptive input. R ep ro du ce d by S ab in et G at ew ay u nd er li ce nc e gr an te d by th e P ub lis he r (d at ed 2 01 3. ) JUNE, 1971 P H Y S I O T H E R A P Y Page 17 J . Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 33, 5, O ct., 1970: G i l l i a t t , R . W ., i .e Q u e s n e , P. M ., L o g u e , V ., e t a l . : W asting o f the hand associated with a cervical rib or band. S u m m a ry : N in e patients presented unilateral w asting o f the hand m uscle associated with either an elongated trans­ verse process o f C /7 or a cervical rib. In alm ost all cases sensory disturbances preceded the m otor changes. A t operation, all cases show ed a fibrous band extending from C /7 transverse process or the rudimentary rib to the region o f the scalene tubercle, which had caused angulation and often visible path ological changes in either the lower roots or the lower trunk o f the brachial plexus. W hilst sensory sym ptom were relieved follow in g operation, weakness and wasting were o n ly arrested and appeared little improved even after periods o f up to eight years after the operation. J . Neurosurg., 33, 4, O ct., 1970: S c h n e i d e r , R . C ., G o s c h , H . H . , N o r r e l l , H . , e t al.: Vascular insufficiency and differential distortion o f brain and cord caused by cervicom edullary footb all injuries. S u m m a ry : A rather horrifying account o f injuries sustained at A m erican fo otb all, interesting because the m echanism s o f injury are n o t o n ly discussed, but also illustrated by photographs taken at the m om ent o f the accident. J . Appl. P hysiol., 29, 6, D e c., 1970: P e t r o , J. K ., H o l l a n d e r , A . P ., and B o u m a n , L. N .: Instantaneous Cardiac A cceleration in M an induced by a Voluntary M uscle Contraction. S u m m a ry : In a study o f health subjects the authors con ­ sistently foun d an instantaneous acceleration in the heart rate follow in g u p on a short static biceps contraction. They cite other literature to support their hypothesis that the m uscle spindles m ay be the receptors for a reflex decrease o f vagal dom inance on the heart rate, but recognise that the pathway to the cardioinhibitory centre is not yet established. Annual Review Physiol.; 3 2 ,1 9 7 0 : S a n d o w , A .; Skeletal M uscle. Summarises research d on e and published o n skeletal m uscle during the tw o years ending July, 1969. Over 300 references are given. Yearbook o f Neurology and Neurosurgery, 1970: D e J o n g , R . N ., and S u g a r , O. (editors). R eview s literature published in the year endin g October, 1969, including b oth b ook s and journals. T he sections in this issue o f m ost interest to physiotherapists are probably those o n N euroanatom y and N europh ysiology, M yopathies and Parkinson’s D isea se (in the section o n N eurology) and those o n Trauma, D isk D isease and Involuntary M ove­ m ents (in the section o n N eurology). T he other sections, unfortunately, con tain little o f practical interest to the physiotherapist. S. IR W IN -C A R R U T H E R S O T H E R A R TIC LES O F IN T E R E S T Am. J . O cc. Ther., 14, 7, July, 1970: C u r r e r i , P . W ., and P r u i t t , B. A .: E valuation and Treatment o f the Burned Patient. Ibid., 14, 8, August, 1970: V o n P r i n c e , K . N . P., C u r r e r i , P. W ., and P r u i t t , B. A . : A p plication o f Fingernail H o o k s in Splinting o f Burned Hands. Am. J . P hysiol., 219, 5, N ov., 1970: O t s u k a , M ., and O n t s u k i , I.: M echanism o f muscular paralysis by insulin with special reference to periodic paralysis. Arch. Neurol., 23, 3, Sept., 1970: B r o d y , I. A ., and R o z e a r , M. P . : C ontraction R esp onse to M uscle Percussion — P hysiology and clinical significance. Develop. M ed. and Child Neurol., 12, 5, O ct., 1970: B r i n k , J. D ., G a r r e t t , A . L ., H a l e , W . R ., e t al.: R ecovery o f M otor and Intellectual F unction in Children Sustaining Severe H ead Injuries. J . Applied Physiol., 29, 4, O ct., 1970: K r o e m e r , K . H . E ., and G i e n a p p , E. M .: H and-held device to measure finger (thum b) strength. J . Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat., 33, 5, O ct., 1970: S t a l b e r g , E., and T r o n t e u , J. V.: D em onstration o f a xon reflexes in hum an m otor nerve fibres. N ed. tijd. voor fysio., 80, 11, N ov., 1970: R o z e n d a l , R . H ., en C h a t i n i e r , K . : A nalyse van het gangpatroon van jongens, m eisies en jon ge vol- wassenen. Ibid.: K l a s i n g , W . E . : Ultrageluid-therapie. Ibid., 80, 12, D e s., 1970: D r i e s e n s , D . J . : Een beknopt overzicht van de behande- ling m et tractie. S.A . M ed. J ., 44, 40, 1 1 4 7 , O ct., 1970: P i l k i n g t o n , P . : Sports and A th letic Injuries, a Physio­ therapist’s Approach. SP E C IA L L Y R E C O M M E N D E D Supplements to “ Neurology” : 1. The T orsion D ystonias (D ystoria M usculorum D efor­ m ans), N eu rology 20, 11, Part 2, N o v ., 1970. 2. Pharm acologic and clinical experiences with levod opa: A sym posium , N eurology, 20, 12, Part 2, D e c., 1970. BOOK REVIEW P H Y S IC A L T H E R A P Y E X A M IN A T IO N REV IEW B O O K , V O L U M E n . Clinical A pplication by R . A . Hershey, B .A ., M .A ., R .P .T . Publishers: M edical Exam ination Publishing C o. In c., 65-36 Fresh M eadow 'L a n e , F lushing, N .Y . 11365. Price $7.00. T his is a b o o k consisting o f 2 000 m ultiple choice ques­ tions, the answers o f which are referenced to standard textb ook o f P hysical Therapy in Am erica. This form o f testing and exam ining is n o t w idely used in the m edical and paramedical fields in Sou th A frica at present, however,, a trial run is being considered by our U niversities in the M .B .B .C h. exam inations in selected subjects. T he advantage o f m ultichoice questions is the tremendous fields that can be covered in any on e subject, but depth o f know ledge cannot be tested by this m ethod. R ep ro du ce d by S ab in et G at ew ay u nd er li ce nc e gr an te d by th e P ub lis he r (d at ed 2 01 3. )