M ARCH , 1971 P H Y S I O T H E R A P Y Page 11 2 J o n e s , R . F ., B u r k e , D ., M a r o s s z e k y , J . ' E . arid G i l l i e s , J . D . : A New A gent for the C ontrol o f Spasticity. Authors' summary: In a prelim inary controlled trial, CIBA 3 4 647-Ba, a gam m a am inobutyric acid derivative, was found to be more effective th an placebo in reducing spasticity due to spinal injuries. In an uncontrolled trial, it also appeared m ore effective th an diazepam. T he intensity of spasticity was m easured electrom yographically by the amplitude o f the stretch reflex at various velocities, an d the results were correlated with those obtained by clinical assessment. 34, 647-Ba was effective in both com plete and incomplete spinal cord lesions and it is suggested th a t it has an action at the spinal level. N o significant side-effects were encountered. 3 . L a itin en, L. V. N eurosurgery in Cerebral Palsy. Summary: This paper sum marizes th e results o f neuro­ surgery in 58 selected patients w ith cerebral palsy. Stereo­ taxic subthalam otom y was perform ed on 55 patients and gave good results in 65 per cent o f the cases. T he best results, were obtained in th e case of rapid involuntary movements or intention trem or, whilst rigidity and spasticity were little affected. Three patients underw ent a longitudinal spinal myelotomy, which was effective in relieving spasticity and thus assisting further rehabilitation, although tem porary incontinence was observed in two patients and a probable sensory deficit in the third. It was stressed th a t reasonable intelligence was an essential prerequisite for neurosurgery. N o patients o f low intelligence benefitted from th e steriotaxic surgery, probably because o f their inability to co-operate in post-operative rehabilitation. J . Neurosurg., 33, 1, July, 1970: L o e s e r , J. D . : H istory o f Skeletal T raction in the T reat­ m ent o f Cervical Spine Injuries. - • • . Summary: A n interesting historical survey o f various methods of dealing w ith cervical fractures an d fracture-dislocations from 4000 B.C. to the present day. J . Physiol., 209, 3, Aug. (2) 1970: N e w s o m D a v i s , J. an d S e a r s , T . A .: T h e Proprioceptive Reflex C ontrol o f the Intercostal Muscles D uring their V oluntary A ctivation. Summary: T he m echanical load on th e intercostal muscles was increased or decreased by applying a pressure source to the airway so th a t respiratory movem ent could be resisted o r assisted. A “silent period” was observed on sudden unloading, which was thought due to withdrawal o f m onosynaptic excitation from the muscle spindle. On loading, it was found th a t a short inhibitory response was followed by a n excitatory response. I t is postulated that the inhibitory response is due to autogenic inhibition arising from tendon organs, whilst the excitatory response arises from muscle spindle stim ulation. T he initial inhibitory response was unexpected, since a servomechanism has been assumed to exist, an d the authors propose th a t it is a result of conditioning in relation to previous experience. The authors talk . o f ..“ inspiratory” and “ expiratory” intercostal muscles, but add no explanation o f these terms. J . Physiol., 210, 1, Sept., 1970: R e is , D . J. and W o o t e n , G . F . : The R elationship o f Blood Flow to M yoglobin, C apillary D ensity and Twitch C haracteristics in R ed an d W hite Skeletal Muscle in a Cat. Summary: B oth blood flow an d myoglobin concentration were found to be higher in red muscles th an in white, varying directly with each other. B lood flow was, in fact, three times greater in red th an in white limb muscles. C ontraction time was 2-3 times longer in red th an in white muscles, again varying directly w ith the fractional blood flow. However, the direct linear relationship was lost during sleep o r excite­ ment, suggesting th a t skeletal muscle m etabolism is adapted for its activity during quiet alert behaviour. Neurol.,’ 20, 7, July, 1970: - S c o t t , R . M ., B r o d y , J. A., S c h w a b , R . S . and C o o p e r , I. S . : Progression o f unilateral trem or and rigidity in Parkinson’s disease. Sum m ary: This survey o f a large num ber o f cases which originally presented w ith unilateral sym ptom s showed th at the m ajority eventually h a d bilateral involvement. T his was so w hether the patients had been treated medically o r surgi­ cally. T hose which rem ained unilateral tended to have a history o f a definite illness or accident preceding the onset o f symptoms. Physiol. Reviews, 50, 3, July, 1970: C a t t o n , W . T . : M echanoreceptor Function. Sum m ary: A very well-documented m onograph sum marizing types o f m echanoreceptors — b o th cutaneous and p ro p rio ­ ceptive — and characteristics of m echanoreceptor function.. This m onograph is well w orth reading by physiotherapists interested in rieurophysiology and, m ore specifically, in techniques based o n activation or deactivation of receptors. O T H E R A RT IC L ES O F IN T ER E ST Amer. J . Occup. Ther. 24, 5, July-Aug. 1970: D e v o r e , G. and S m i t h , H . : A N ew M ethod fo r M easuring M otion o f Flexor T endon G rafts. W e r n e r , J. L. and O m e r , G . E .: E valuating Cutaneous." Pressure Sensation o f the H and. Scientific American, July, 1970: D e a n , G .: T he multiple Sclerosis Problem. S.A. M ed. J . 44, p.1011, 1970: K a p l a n , I . : T he M anagem ent o f H an d Injuries. S.A. M ed. J . 44, p.1028, 1970: L i p m a n , L . : M anagem ent o f th e A utistic Child. S.A. M ed. J . 44, p.1054, 1970: V a n d e r M e r w e , G . W . and V a n r o o y e n , R . J . : A nato- miese en Fisiologiese E ienskappe van die Vrou van Belang by Sport. J . Neurophysiol., 33, 4, July, 1970: T h a t c h , W . T . : D ischarge o f Cerebellar neurons related to tw o m aintained postures an d two p rom pt move­ ments, I N uclear cell output. D ischarge o f cerebellar neurons related to tw o m aintained postures an d two p ro m p t m ovem ents II Purkinje cell o u tp u t and input. Ned. Tijdschrift voor Fysiotherapie, 587-591, 1970: M o l , W . : H et m eten van de spierkracht. Ibid, 592-594, 1970: V a n d e r R e e , M .: Fysiotherapie bij patienten m et rheum a- toids artritis. Ibid, 599-603: Vis, A. J. J . : O rtopedisch zwemmen. BOOK REVIEW P E R IP H E R A L M A N IPU L A T IO N by G . D . M aitland, A .U .A ., Associate o f the U niversity o f A delaide; M em ber o f the C hartered Society o f Physiotherapy an d the A ustralian Physiotherapy A ssociation; Part-tim e tu to r in Physiotherapy, University o f Adelaide. O btainable from B utterw orth & Co. (S.A.) (Pty.) Ltd., P.O. Box 792, D u rb an . Price R6.00. T his boo k is o f very great value as a complement to his book Vertebral Manipulation, and also as there is the present interest in m obilisation an d m anipulation. T h e procedures o f passive movem ents in th e past did not respect pain sufficiently, and com bined often w ith poorly perform ed techniques, they fell into disuse. N ow M r. M aitland uses very carefully graded oscillatory movem ents frequently in the painless p a rt o f the range. H is approach is so much m ore scientific and his careful exam ination o f the joints, w hether spinal or peripheral, m akes this particular aspect o f Physio­ therapy very interesting and rew arding. R ep ro du ce d by S ab in et G at ew ay u nd er li ce nc e gr an te d by th e P ub lis he r (d at ed 2 01 3. ) Page 12 P H Y S I O T H E R A P Y MARCH, 1971 Physiotherapists should find this boo k very helpful in every aspect o f M r. M aitland’s techniques. I like his chapter on E xam ination which stresses the im portance o f a thorough subjective and objective exam ination, which at th e first session m ay take a long time, b u t is rew arded by the results o f being able to give a n accurate treatm ent afterw ards. His description o f the accessory m ovem ents in the jo in ts is very interesting, an d in th e subsequent chapters he gives the details o f how to examine for these movements. In this first chapter I am very pleased to see th a t Movem ent D iagram s have been explained so fully. M r. M aitland says th a t their value is as a teaching aid an d as a means o f com m unication in technical discussion. I th in k th a t they help one to understand w hat one is looking for in the exami­ nation o f a jo in t. T hey should be carefully studied by the Physiotherapists attending M r. M aitland’s course in M ay. I t is n o t easy to fully understand from a boo k how to do the techniques o f the treatm ents, b u t they are so detailed, an d M r. M aitland has done an excellent diagram fo r every procedure described, th a t they can be followed step by step. T he grades o f oscillatory treatm ent m ovem ents are clearly set o u t b u t like m ost techniques need practice an d practical tuition. T he chapter o n the shoulder girdle is very good an d should be o f great help to Physiotherapists who have to treat this complicated an d often difficult region. All the other joints are equally well done and o f invaluable assistance in treating them . T he way in which M r. M aitland divides his patients into five groups according to their different com binations o f sym ptom s an d signs for treatm ent purposes is very explicit, a n d I like his discussion o f th e treatm ents. These tw o books, Peripheral M anipulation an d Spinal M anipulation, will, I hope, stim ulate Physiotherapists to follow these techniques which I have found so rew arding since I did the course in A ustralia: T here are times when it is sufficient to apply ice and give active m ovem ents but there are the times when a little nudge a t the extreme range 9 f a m ovem ent or to loosen an accessory m ovem ent will m ake all the difference. We are very fo rtunate th a t M r. M aitland is putting forw ard his views on these very im portant subjects o f M obilization an d M anipulation of Joints. Jo a n W hittaker. B O O K S T O BE R EV IEW ED LATER P H Y SIC A L TH E R A P Y E X A M IN A TIO N REV IEW BO O K Vol. 2. Clinical A pplication. E dited by R onald A . Hershey, B A M .A ., R .P .T ., Associate Professor o f Physical T herapy, School o f H ealth R elated Problem s, L om a L inda University, L om a L inda, California. Price $7.00. Published by M edical Exam ination Publishing Co. Inc., 65-36 F resh M eadow Lane, Flushing, N .Y . 11365. M O V E M E N T A C T IV IT IE S, M O T O R A BILITY AND T H E E D U C A T IO N O F C H IL D R E N by C ratty, Ikeda, M artin, Jennett an d M orris. Published by Charles C. T hom as, Publisher, 301-327 E ast Lawrence Avenue, Springfield, Illinois, U .S.A. Price $9.75. P H Y SIC A L T H E R A PY P R O C E D U R E S . Selected Tech­ niques by D ow ner. Published by C harles C. T hom as, 301-327 E ast Lawrence Avenue, Springfield, Illinois, U .S.A . Price $7.95. C H R IST M A S G REETIN G S Christm as G reetings were received from the following: T he Physiotherapy A ssociations of: A ustralia, A ustria, Belgium, C anada, Chile, D enm ark, F inland, F rance, G reat B ritain, Israel, Mexico, N etherlands, N ew Z ealand, Norway, R hodesia, U .S.A., W estern G erm any, Iceland. Miss D oreen M oore, President, W .C .P.T., Miss Elizabeth M cK ay, Secretary-G eneral, W .C .P.T., M iss Joyce Neilson, retired Secretary-G eneral, W .C .P.T., Miss A lison M unro, A ustralia, M r. B ob Williams, G reat B ritain. M rs. A ngela D eacon, Miss M arjory C att, M rs. A nne H odges, Miss Susie O osthuizen, M r. an d M rs. F re d R oth- berg. All the Branches o f the S.A.S.P. Miss A nne Savin, Miss Y vonne Spitz, Miss M arylen Stern- weiler. T he P retoria Physiotherapy College, T he S.A. A ssociation o f O ccupational T herapists, T he S.A. M edical an d D ental C ouncil an d T he N ational Council fo r th e Welfare o f the Aged. M A N IP U L A T IO N O F T H E S P IN E PO ST-G R A D U A T E C O U R SE 1971 A USTRALIA N PH Y S IO T H E R A P Y A SSO C IA TIO N T he next twelve-week full-time course will be conducted in Adelaide from M onday, Septem ber 27, to Saturday, D ecem ber 18, 1971, if sufficient suitable applications are received. This course has been carefully designed to provide an advanced training in m anipulative techniques an d their application in treatm ent. Lectures covering anatom y, physiology, pathology, radiology an d exam ination proce­ dures will be given by com petent medical lecturers. Tech­ niques an d clinical application will be taught an d supervised by physiotherapists a n d 'a physical medicine specialist, p i e course is open to all mem bers o f th e South A frican Society o f Physiotherapy, b u t preference will be given to those who have h ad m ore th a n one year o f experience. M em bers o f the M edical Profession m ay apply fo r the course o r they may attend certain sections o f th e course a t a fee. Participants will be expected to sit fo r exam inations a t the completion o f the course. T otal cost fo r each successful applicant will be $A350. PR O SPE C TU S and A P PL IC A T IO N F O R M S are available fro m :— Secretary, . A ustralian Physiotherapy A ssociation (S.A. Branch) Inc., 97 Palm er Place, N o rth Adelaide, South A ustralia, 5006. A pplications close, M ay 11, 1971. B R A N C H N E W S S O U T H E R N TRANSVAAL BRA N CH Lectures Jan u ary 26: M iss S. Cussel, H onary President o f the Johannesburg B ranch o f th e N ational Council fo r W omen a n d Miss S. O osthuizen, B ranch President o f the N .C.W ., gave us a very interesting talk entitled “T he N atio n al Council an d w hat it stands fo r” . T his was illustrated w ith slides. News of Members C ontratuations to the following mem bers o n their recent m arriages: Jill B aron to M r. Pow ter, R u th Zelicon to D r. P. Stem , E thne E va to M r. J. D odd. O u r congratulations too, to Jeanette C lark on her en­ gagement to M r. G raham M itchell an d to M rs. M arie C roucam p on the arrival o f another daughter. Travel News M iss M . M urphy has returned from A ustralia where she attended the M aitland C ourse o n M anipulations. Back, too, from E urope are M rs. M arianne Strein and Miss Jean H ayse-Gregson. M rs. Stewart will be going overseas in April. New Members T he following mem bers have joined our bran ch : Miss A . Bloom , Miss D . Stigling, M rs. J. M ehl, M rs. K . Bennetts an d Miss S. Pasvol. Reunion Cocktail P a rty A cocktail party is to be held on M arch 26 to m ark the 25th A nniversary o f the appointm ent o f Miss Jean Blair to the staff o f the U niversity o f the W itw atersrand, to which all Wits, graduates are invited. R ep ro du ce d by S ab in et G at ew ay u nd er li ce nc e gr an te d by th e P ub lis he r (d at ed 2 01 3. )