# bib

id: sajr-2668
title: sajr-2668
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5400
sentence: 302
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-2668.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2668.txt
summary:
  A linear regression analysis was done to determine the change in lesion dimensions over time. A regression analysis was performed to determine the change in lesion dimensions over time.


id: sajr-239
author: Matzdorff, Robert
title: CPD questionnaire
date: 2012-02-07
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1009
sentence: 60
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-239.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-239.txt
summary:
  A. Spontaneous or primary cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula is a rare cause of CSF rhinorrhoea. C. The presence of CSF rhinorrhoea often indicates the existence of an abnormal communication between the intracranial CSF spaces and the nasal cavity or via the eustachian tube from a temporal bone fracture.


id: sajr-296
title: SAJR 656
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1061
sentence: 73
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-296.htm
txt: txt/sajr-296.txt
summary:
  The disease is classified into 3 types: • cerebral Alexanders (type 1), which primarily has an infantile onset with the presence of seizures, psychomotor developmental retardation, macrocephaly and abnormalities in the superior frontal cerebral white matter observed in a brain MRI • bulbospinal Alexanders (type 2), which primarily has an adult onset with the presence of muscle weakness, hyperreflexia, bulbar or pseudobulbar symptoms, signal abnormalities and atrophy observed in an MRI of the medulla oblongata and upper cervical spinal cord • intermediate form (type 3) which has the characteristics of both the preceding.3 The MR imaging patterns of Alexander disease have been described to be quite specific, dissimilar from patients observed in other white matter abnormalities either of known4 or unknown origin. SAJR 656 MRI diagnosis of Alexander disease C G Muralidharan, MB BS, MD, Dip NB (Radiodiagnosis) R P S Tomar, MB BS, MD (Paediatrics) M H Jalandhar Hospital, Jalandhar, Punjab, India   R Aggarwal, MB BS, MD (Radiodiagnosis) A F Hospital, Halwara, Punjab   Corresponding author: C Muralidharan (murali.cg@rediffmail.com) Alexander disease (fibrinoid leucodystrophy; originally described by Alexander in 1949) is a rare, fatal, nonfamilial leucoencephalopathy caused by astrocyte dysfunction characterised by missense mutation in the genes coding for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).


id: sajr-244
title: SAJR 761
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1015
sentence: 59
flesch: 33
cache: cache/sajr-244.htm
txt: txt/sajr-244.txt
summary:
  J Maharajh, MB ChB, FFRad (D) SA, MMed Rad (D) Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal and King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, South Africa Corresponding author: P Naidoo (pumersh@hotmail.com) Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunts are rare vascular anomalies that may be detected in asymptomatic patients, given the recent advances in radiological imaging techniques. 1. (a) Axial post contrast CT image demonstrating intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt between the right portal vein and middle hepatic vein.


id: sajr-2578
title: sajr-2578
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4937
sentence: 275
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-2578.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2578.txt
summary:
  This will require an upgrade to a private cloud-based PACS which is more cost-effective, reliable and secure.13 Off-site access to PACS is a challenge for onsite PACS systems due to security and privacy requirements; therefore, onsite PACS solutions have trouble transmitting secure data outside of their immediate area.14 Contrarily, cloud PACS is designed for offsite access and providers follow stringent security and privacy guidelines.14 Budget constraints, funding, current PACS vendor’s contractual obligations and government decisions may influence the hospitals’ decisions on which PACS system to upgrade to. The most frequent recommendations were: increase PACS access in wards, clinics and bedside with 157 out of 466 (37%), enable PACS access via portable devices with 143 out of 466 (31%), install advanced image viewing software 36 out of 466 (8%), introduce an online booking system integrated with PACS (7%), integrate systems with other hospital PACS or set up a provincial PACS system (5%), increase the number of PACS training workshops and technical support (5%), and offsite access to PACS (4%).


id: sajr-2344
title: sajr-2344
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2338
sentence: 148
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-2344.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2344.txt
summary:
  Imaging demonstrated left temporal subpial haemorrhage with the classic ‘yin-yang sign’ on MRI. Factor XIII deficiency in a neonate presenting as subpial haemorrhage.


id: sajr-305
title: Image quality.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 3167
sentence: 187
flesch: 60
cache: cache/sajr-305.htm
txt: txt/sajr-305.txt
summary:
  Image quality.html Image quality dependence on image processing software in computed radiography Lourens J Strauss, BMedSc (Hons) (Medical Physics) Four aspects of image quality were evaluated.


id: sajr-361
title: the dural.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 677
sentence: 36
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-361.htm
txt: txt/sajr-361.txt
summary:
  It was therefore proposed that dural tails represented reactive changes to the dura mater, adjacent to but not in contiguity with the tumour.4 Hypervascular meningiomas result in additional adjacent reactive changes such as hyperostosis to adjacent bone. The dural tail sign is thought to have a 60 - 72% specificity for the diagnosis of meningioma.3 It was initially proposed that dural tails resulted from direct tumour invasion, but investigators have not been able to demonstrate direct tumour involvement.


id: sajr-280
title: SAJR 870
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1151
sentence: 86
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-280.htm
txt: txt/sajr-280.txt
summary:
  Computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest revealed bilateral paravertebral masses. Chest radiography depicted bilateral posterior mediastinal masses (Fig. 1).


id: sajr-2548
title: sajr-2548
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2959
sentence: 186
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-2548.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2548.txt
summary:
  The first case of a primary thyroid teratocarcinosarcoma in a 17-year-old male patient was reported by Abayie et al., implying that teratocarcinosarcomas can occur in primary tissues other than the sinonasal tract.16 Sinonasal tumours usually lack specific CT and MRI features, and the imaging is similar to common malignant sinus tumours such as olfactory neuroblastomas, small cell carcinomas, immature teratomas, carcinosarcomas and adenocarcinomas. An advantage of FDG-PET/CT, however, is that regional and distant metastases can be detected.17 The infrequency, complex phenotypic composition and radiological similarities with other malignant sinonasal tumours often lead to misdiagnoses and management difficulties.


id: sajr-346
author: Els, Hein; Andronikou, Savvas
title: Neurological case: Cognitive decline and depressed level of consciousness in AIDS
date: 2011-02-21
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 302
sentence: 23
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-346.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-346.txt
summary:
  T2WI shows hyperintense signal in white matter right parietal lobe with involvement of the subcortical U-fibres and mild mass effect. Prior to the acute deterioration, he had shown progressive decline in his cognitive functioning.


id: sajr-289
title: SAJR 678
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1773
sentence: 114
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-289.htm
txt: txt/sajr-289.txt
summary:
  M van Rensburg, FRCR, FRANZCR Neuroradiologist in private practice, Life Wilgers Hospital, Pretoria   Corresponding author: P van Rensburg (pjvanr@gmail.com) Gliomas are central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms with specific histological characteristics that comprise almost 60% of all CNS malignancies.1 They are subdivided into astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas.1 The most common form of gliomas are the astrocytomas, and the most aggressive type of astrocytoma is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).1 Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy achieve little success in the management of glioblastoma. Alatakis S, Malhamand M, Thien C. Spinal leptomeningeal metastasis from cerebral glioblastoma multiforme presenting with radicular pain.


id: sajr-262
title: SAJR 708
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 929
sentence: 42
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-262.htm
txt: txt/sajr-262.txt
summary:
  Left vertebral artery (white arrows) arising from the aortic arch between the left carotid and the left subclavian arteries was demonstrated in 4 patients. Stent coverage of the left subclavian origin in such procedures results in perfusion of the left subclavian artery by way of the subclavian steal phenomenon from a normally positioned left vertebral artery, as demonstrated in Fig. 4b.


id: sajr-313
title: pycnodysostosis.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1562
sentence: 89
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-313.htm
txt: txt/sajr-313.txt
summary:
  This report is of a young man with a history of long bone fractures. He also provided a history of multiple previous long bone fractures over the course of the previous 4 years, including bilateral femur fractures, bilateral tibia fractures and a right humerus fracture.


id: sajr-2251
title: sajr-2251
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4579
sentence: 270
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-2251.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2251.txt
summary:
  In the last decade, an estimated 1245 imaging investigations per 1000 people were performed in the United States, of which 949 made use of ionising radiation, including 149 CT scans; European Commission countries averaged 505 ionising radiation investigations per 1000 people, including 79 CT scans; OECD countries averaged 144 CT scans per 1000 people.4,13,23 By contrast, an analysis of imaging utilisation in the public healthcare sector of South Africa’s (SA) Western Cape Province (WCP) in 2017 documented 262 radiological examinations per 1000 people, 218 utilising ionising radiation, including 16 CT scans.24 However, little is known about temporal trends in LMIC public-sector imaging utilisation. It is acknowledged that analyses of registered diagnostic imaging equipment in resource-constrained environments provide useful insights into healthcare access and equity.25,26 Trends in imaging utilisation allow appreciation of advances in LMIC healthcare infrastructure, assist in defining population-based norms, guide healthcare planning and policy and potentially serve as a yardstick for sustainable imaging practice.


id: sajr-2294
title: sajr-2294
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5028
sentence: 299
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-2294.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2294.txt
summary:
  Abnormal CTB findings were also more prevalent in patients with a CSF protein above 0.45 g/L (p = 0.033); CSF lymphocytosis was significantly associated with abnormal CTB findings (p = 0.004). Clinical factors associated with abnormal CTB findings were age ≥ 40 years, HIV infection, hypertension, focal seizures, low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), raised cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein and presence of lymphocytes.


id: sajr-378
author: Mahomed, Nasreen
title: The hyperdense MCA sign and the MCA dot sign
date: 2011-08-15
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 997
sentence: 39
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-378.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-378.txt
summary:
  The sign represents a thromboembolus within a segmental branch of the MCA, M2 or M3 segment, located within the sylvian fissure.3 As the M2 and M3 segmental vessels tend not to course in the transverse plane of imaging, the occluded vessel is seen in cross section, appearing as a hyperattenuating dot within the sylvian fissure.3 While the HMCA sign and MCA dot sign are similar in that they both depict thromboembolus at different levels of the MCA, there are important clinical and prognostic distinctions. Jha B, Kothari M. Pearls & Oysters: Hyperdense or pseudohyperdense MCA sign: A Damocles sword?


id: sajr-431
author: Sperryn, C
title: Radioactive News
date: 2010-06-07
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1329
sentence: 50
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-431.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-431.txt
summary:
  RADIOACTIVE NEWS Professor Zarina Lockhat and Dr David Stoller (Photo: Dr Hein Els, TBH) Professor Leon Janse van Rensburg achieved the near-incredible: firstly, in getting Dr David Stoller (MD, FACR), the internationally renowned San Francisco musculoskeletal radiologist, to agree to lecture outside the USA, and secondly, in actually getting Dr Stoller to Cape Town despite high drama and acute stress initiated by the British Airways strike – the start had to be rescheduled to accommodate the arrival of the BA flight.


id: sajr-425
author: Suleman, Farhana Ebrahim; Kisansa, Margaret
title: Imaging of a rare disorder: macrodystrophia lipomatosa
date: 2010-06-07
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2086
sentence: 126
flesch: 62
cache: cache/sajr-425.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-425.txt
summary:
  Soft tissues are lucent, suggestive of fat. Clinically, there was marked increase in soft tissue of the entire right lower limb.


id: sajr-2048
title: sajr-2048
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2548
sentence: 134
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-2048.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2048.txt
summary:
  Three types of inguinal hernias of the urinary bladder have been described with regard to their relation to the peritoneum: (1) paraperitoneal hernia, in which the bladder remains extraperitoneal and medial to the peritoneal reflection, (2) intraperitoneal hernia, in which the bladder is completely covered by the peritoneum, and (3) extraperitoneal hernia, in which the peritoneum remains in the abdomen and the bladder alone herniates.5 Risk factors for inguinal bladder hernia include male gender, advanced age, chronic urinary obstruction and obesity.2 The majority of patients with inguinal bladder hernia remain asymptomatic, thus making clinical diagnosis challenging, and dependent upon imaging findings.


id: sajr-354
title: Uterine.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 2623
sentence: 174
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-354.htm
txt: txt/sajr-354.txt
summary:
  Meta-analyses comparing results of HSG and laparoscopy and dye test for the diagnosis of tubal pathology demonstrated that over one-third of the tubes found to be occluded at laparoscopy and dye test showed patency at HSG.8 Therefore, it could be said that the diagnosis of tubal occlusion can not be made with absolute certainty unless it is checked and probably confirmed by HSG, unless it is argued that the actual procedure of one or the other procedure was instrumental in affecting tubal patency, owing to the actual hydrostatic pressure exerted on the tubes during the procedure. A variety of investigation modalities are available that include hysterosalpingography (HSG), laparoscopic dye hydrotubation, hysterosalpingo contrast sonography (HyCoSy), selective salpingography, MR hysterosalpingography with an angiographic time-resolved 3D pulse sequence, radiography/MRI, 2D HyCoSy with contrast-tuned imaging, and falloposcopy.2 Traditionally, HSG and laparoscopy with dye have been used in the diagnosis of tubal pathology.


id: sajr-218
author: Matzdorff, Robert
title: The First RSSA/SASPI Paediatric Imaging Congress, Sandton, Johannesburg, 9 – 11 November 2012
date: 2012-10-22
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 10690
sentence: 559
flesch: 39
cache: cache/sajr-218.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-218.txt
summary:
  Assessment of MRI accuracy in predicting operability and tumour stage in Wilms’ tumours (nephroblastomas) when correlated with surgical findings and histopathology T Pillay, T Kilborn, S Cox, K Pillay (Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital) Pre-operative imaging of Wilms’ tumours is critical in determining the timing of surgery, by providing detailed anatomical information to decide on operability and aid in planning a surgical approach. Imaging studies are useful not only for defining the extent of the infection, but also to act as a guide for the clinician as to the correct pathology.


id: sajr-33
author: Harmse, W; Smith, V; Stoker, A
title: Intramural gastric air - gastric pneumatosis of emphysematous gastritis?
date: 2007-11-27
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1232
sentence: 76
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-33.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-33.txt
summary:
  Intramural gastric air – gastric pneumatosis or emphysematous gastritis? Intramural gastric air was subsequently demonstrated on plain abdominal X-rays, fluoroscopy (water-soluble contrast meal), and on an abdominal CT scan.


id: sajr-3
title: SAJR 1008
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 797
sentence: 70
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-3.htm
txt: txt/sajr-3.txt
summary:
  Developing skills to deliver health research is necessary for every country’s development. Ijsselmuiden C, Marais DL, Becerra-Posada F, Ghannem H. Africa’s neglected area of human resources for health research – the way forward.


id: sajr-2347
title: sajr-2347
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 269
sentence: 17
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-2347.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2347.txt
summary:
  https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2347 Note: DOI of original article published: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v25i1.2168 Correction Corrigendum: Radiology subspecialisation in Africa: A review of the current status Efosa P. Iyawe, Bukunmi M. Idowu, Olasubomi J. Omoleye Published: 30 June 2022 Copyright: About the Author(s) Efosa P. Iyawe College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria Bukunmi M. Idowu Department of Radiology, Union Diagnostics and Clinical Services PLC, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria Olasubomi J. Omoleye Department of General Medicine, LouisMed Hospital and Fertility Centre, Lekki Phase 1, Lagos State, Nigeria Citation Iyawe EP, Idowu BM, Omoleye OJ.


id: sajr-272
title: SAJR 853
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1737
sentence: 112
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-272.htm
txt: txt/sajr-272.txt
summary:
  We report on the progression of the disease in a 3-year-old boy, confirmed to have idiopathic moyamoya disease, over 6 ensuing years, using serial magnetic resonance imaging with MR angiography. We present progressive imaging of a 3-year-old boy confirmed to have idiopathic moyamoya disease, over 6 years using serial MRI with MR angiography, and compare with conventional angiography at the last visit.


id: sajr-281
title: SAJR 934
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 157
sentence: 17
flesch: 63
cache: cache/sajr-281.htm
txt: txt/sajr-281.txt
summary:
  SAJR 934 Neonatal imaging S K Misser,1 MB ChB, FC Rad (D) SA; T A Mitha,2 BSc, MB ChB, FCP (SA) Paed; A S Shaik,3 MB ChB, FCS (SA), Cert (Paed Surg) SA 1 Lake Smit and Partners, Durban, South Africa 2 Specialist Paediatrician, Parklands Hospital, Durban, South Africa 3 Paediatric Surgeon, Parklands Hospital, Durban, South Africa Corresponding author: S K Misser (misser@lakesmit.co.za) Portable babygram radiograph.


id: sajr-297
title: SAJR 769
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 893
sentence: 72
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-297.htm
txt: txt/sajr-297.txt
summary:
  The possibility of post-chemotherapy- (infective or immunologic) related lung disease was thought a less likely differential diagnosis. When the pulmonary vessels are uniform in size, this is probably due to parenchymal lung disease (Table 2).


id: sajr-23
author: du Plessis, A; Georgiou, E; Andronikou, S
title: Choledochal cysts - an unusual cause of jaundice in adults
date: 2007-01-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1175
sentence: 62
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-23.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-23.txt
summary:
  Conclusions: The complete resection of choledochal cysts is mandatory because of risk of malignant transformation. It is also associated with hepatic fibrosis.2-4 The aetiology of choledochal cysts remains unproven but an anoma- lous pancreaticobiliary junction has been reported in choledochal cyst disease.


id: sajr-323
author: van Heerden, J; Lockhat, Z; Bam, D; Fletcher, L; Sommerville, J
title: PACS: Do clinical users benefit from it as a training adjunct?
date: 2011-05-31
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2713
sentence: 114
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-323.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-323.txt
summary:
  Easy image retrieval PACS down-time (especially at times of power supply interruptions and system upgrade difficulties). Fig. 5 demonstrates the percentage of clinicians who had image viewing opportunities more than half of the available teaching time at the various institutions (the balance of clinicians viewed images less than half the time). From Fig. 5, it is clear that, in most of the academic teaching scenarios, a larger percentage of clinicians reported image viewing opportunities at SBAH (using the PACS) than at other training institutions without a PACS.


id: sajr-330
author: Lotz, Jan
date: 2011-05-31
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2896
sentence: 124
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-330.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-330.txt
title:
  RSSA council and EXCO 2011 - 2013; congress and workshop reports; Travel Award report-back; RSSA book donations and academic prizes; neuroradiology subgroup

summary:
  58 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2011 RADIOACTIVE NEWS RSSA-CME book donation Clive Sperryn (RSSA President) To quote Leon Janse van Rensburg (RSSA Congress Chair), ‘The RSSA CME association will support and provide a sustainable, affordable, appropriate, visionar y and constantly expanding programme of education, teaching and training with support for academic research.’ Neuroradiology subgroup A small group of RSSA members are wanting to form a neuroradiology subgroup.


id: sajr-266
title: SAJR 781
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 2069
sentence: 82
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-266.htm
txt: txt/sajr-266.txt
summary:
  Drs Clive Sperryn (RSSA President) and Sally Candy (SASNI Chair), Professor Dr Robert Hermans (Leuven), Dr Zimele Mngoma (RSSA CME Association Trustee) and Professor Leon Janse van Rensburg (RSSA Congress Chair). SAJR 781 RADIOACTIVE NEWS RSSA - MIP ultrasound mini conference highly successful Zarina Lockhat University of Pretoria The RSSA’s Medical Imaging Partnership (MIP) Visiting International Professors Programme for Winter 2012 took the form of a mini-conference on ultrasound hosted by the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Imaging at the University of Limpopo’s Medunsa Campus, in conjunction with the RSSA’s CME Association, on 6 and 7 August 2012.


id: sajr-440
author: Khan, Nausheen; van de Werke, Irma; Ismail, Farzanah
title: Neurofibromatosis revisited: A pictorial review
date: 2010-03-11
pages: 17
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3619
sentence: 226
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-440.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-440.txt
summary:
  Frontal chest X-ray showing multiple cutaneous neurofibromas pro- jecting over the lung fields and a posterior mediastinal mass on the left. Fig. 12b. Fig 7a. → → → → → → → → ORIGINAL ARTICLEORIGINAL ARTICLE 18e SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • March 2010 Fig 7b.


id: sajr-229
title: THE COPPER.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 889
sentence: 48
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-229.htm
txt: txt/sajr-229.txt
summary:
  In children <18 months, the presence of a diffuse copper-beaten pattern on skull radiography, together with narrowing of the basal cisterns and obliteration of the anterior sulci, increases the likelihood of raised intracranial pressure.2 , 4 Of interest, Van Der Meulen et al. concluded that the presence of the copper-beaten skull pattern did not significantly affect long-term intelligence levels.2 However, there appeared to be a negative influence on more subtle areas of development, such as reading, spelling and behaviour.2 These convolutional markings should be differentiated from Lückenschädel (lacunar skull), which is due to mesenchymal dysplasia of calvarial ossification. Consequently, the growing brain exerts a continuous pulsatile pressure on the malleable cranium, producing a gyral pattern evidenced on plain skull X-rays most commonly known as the copper-beaten skull appearance.3


id: sajr-347
author: Janse van Rensberg, Leon
title: MDCT/CTA essentials course, Report by ESOR musculoskeletal visiting scholarship
date: 2011-02-21
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1094
sentence: 44
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-347.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-347.txt
summary:
  ESOR musculoskeletal visiting scholarship report Hanief Moosa (Dr Moosa was awarded the first European School of Radiology (ESOR) visiting MSK scholarship for South Africa, and spent 3 months at the University Hospital of Strasbourg from 15 September - 15 December 2010.) As the bulk of the work was interventional and a small component diagnostic and predominantly spine imaging, Professor Gangi arranged in the second month for me to spend 2 days a week at the sister hospital in Hautpierre, under the tutelage of Dr Jean-Claude Dosch, an esteemed MSK radiologist with over 30 years’ experience in the field.


id: sajr-432
author: Fani, Gertrude
title: CPD questionnaire
date: 2010-06-07
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 818
sentence: 41
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-432.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-432.txt
summary:
  Causes of neonatal pulmonary oedema include all of the following, except: A. Infantile coarctation B. Congenital aortic stenosis C. Acquired mitral stenosis D. Obstructed TAPVR. 5. The most likely cause of severe pulmonary congestion and a normal heart is: A. Mitral stenosis B. Persistent fetal pulmonary circulation C. Large VSD D. TAPVR.


id: sajr-2454
title: sajr-2454
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3224
sentence: 171
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-2454.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2454.txt
summary:
  The study resulted in the safe exclusion of pulmonary emboli, with a 14% reduction in required CT pulmonary angiogram studies.15 The YEARS algorithm has also been adapted for use in pregnancy, with one study showing a 39% reduction in CT pulmonary angiogram utilisation with the safe exclusion of pulmonary thromboembolism.16 Methods This was a cross-sectional study performed at Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital Department of Radiology. The effectiveness of the pregnancy adapted YEARS algorithm to safely identify patients for CT pulmonary angiogram in pregnant and puerperal patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism.


id: sajr-379
author: Mercouris, P; Scheepers, S
title: Radioactive news
date: 2011-08-15
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1021
sentence: 47
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-379.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-379.txt
summary:
  The latter is especially promising, as it enables extra-low dose imaging with minimal loss in image quality. Highlights included an excellent session on breast imaging and what the radiologist should report on.


id: sajr-314
title: Cubital.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1341
sentence: 66
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-314.htm
txt: txt/sajr-314.txt
summary:
  All were found to be suffering from cubital tunnel syndrome, with one having carpal tunnel syndrome in addition. Cubital.html Cubital tunnel syndrome: A report of two cases F E Suleman, MB ChB, FCRad(D)(SA), MMedRad(D) Department of Radiology, University of Pretoria M Velleman, MB ChB, FCRad(D)(SA), MMedRad(D) Radiology Department, Little Company of Mary Medical Centre, Pretoria Corresponding author: F Suleman (fesuleman@gmail.com) Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common peripheral neuropathy of the upper limb.


id: sajr-28
author: Ekins, J
title: What is STATdx
date: 2007-01-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1137
sentence: 56
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-28.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-28.txt
summary:
  STATdx™, a product of Amirsys Inc., is a new on-line diagnostic decision support system that boasts a serious response to the aforementioned issues and then takes the concept of an on-line POC imaging reference a step further (Fig. 1). As a well-reputed representative of on-line references, STATdx™ is managed in a way that allows it to offer a nearly unabridged and continually growing wealth of cases and diag- noses.


id: sajr-298
title: SAJR 773
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 206
sentence: 18
flesch: 76
cache: cache/sajr-298.htm
txt: txt/sajr-298.txt
summary:
  SAJR 773 Trauma imaging of the cranio-cervical junction S K Misser, MB ChB, FC RAD (D) SA T Z Mngoma, MBA, MB ChB, FFRAD (SA) Lake Smit and Partners, Durban   M Roux, MB ChB, FCS (SA) Entabeni Hospital, Durban   Corresponding author: S Misser (misser@lakesmit.co.za) Presentation A 5-year-old boy presented to A&E after a motor vehicle accident in which he was an unrestrained passenger. S Afr J Rad 2012;16(3):111-113.


id: sajr-2516
title: sajr-2516
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4714
sentence: 223
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-2516.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2516.txt
summary:
  In case 2, recognition and decision-making errors were made as cervical spine fractures were mistaken for degenerative changes. In a postmortem setting, missed fractures were shown to be partially due to a lack of radiological experience and training.9


id: sajr-44
author: Sharma, V; Gumbi, DN; Mbhele, M; Donde, B
date: 2007-11-27
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1551
sentence: 84
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-44.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-44.txt
title:
  Comparison of barium and gastrograffin swallow for radiation therapy planning in carcinoma of the oesophagus

summary:
  Gastrograffin has been used for diagnosis of dissecting intramural haematoma in patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus following chemotherapy5 as well as to rule out the leaks following surgery.6 Levine et al.7 reported 96% accuracy in diagnosing or suspecting a diagnosis of carcinoma of the oesophagus using barium as contrast medium. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare barium sulphate and gastrograffin as two contrast mediums in simula- tion for delineation of exact site and length of lesion and to analyse the cost of the materials used.


id: sajr-457
author: Meerkotter, Debra Ardath; Rubin, Grace
title: Diabetic mastopathy: A clinical and radiological challenge
date: 2010-12-07
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1206
sentence: 83
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-457.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-457.txt
summary:
  Diabetic mastopathy accounts for less than 1% of benign breast lesions. A few cases of diabetic mastopathy have demonstrated no radiotracer uptake with scintimammography;4 this requires further evaluation.


id: sajr-464
author: Velleman, Mark
title: SAMSIG seeks growth
date: 2010-12-07
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1456
sentence: 61
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-464.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-464.txt
summary:
  The new frontier is molecular imaging (MI), and a revolutionary new chapter in the history of medical imaging is about to be written. The role that MR will play in molecular imaging was also discussed, and it is very promising.


id: sajr-2556
title: sajr-2556
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2340
sentence: 125
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-2556.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2556.txt
summary:
  The imaging features of secondary bladder tumours closely resemble primary bladder cancers. Bladder neuroendocrine tumours are less common than the other conventional histological genitourinary variants, namely urothelial carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, constituting only 0.7% – 1% of malignant bladder cancers.5,6 They can present with haematuria and pelvic pain.


id: sajr-362
title: Experiences.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 3477
sentence: 237
flesch: 67
cache: cache/sajr-362.htm
txt: txt/sajr-362.txt
summary:
  Our previous protocol for scanning the urinary tract for pathology included four phases: a pre-contrast, corticomedullary, nephrographic and delay excretory phase. A repeat scoutview is taken, a new scan planned, and the next 2 phases of contrast are set up to inject via the automated pump, and injected as follows: 6.


id: sajr-370
author: Korir, Geoffrey K; Wambani, Jeska Sidika; Korir, Ian K
date: 2011-08-15
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4187
sentence: 199
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-370.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-370.txt
title:
  Establishing a quality assurance baseline for radiological protection of patients undergoing diagnostic radiology

summary:
  Analysis of the measured quality control results indicated that X-ray equipment performance in the 4 hospitals can be ranked as follows: hospital 4 – 90%, hospital 1 – 80%, hospital 2 – 70%, and hospital 3 – 67%. X-ray equipment performance can be improved by training, establishing a QA programme and not relying on QC tests performed by service and maintenance engineers alone.


id: sajr-2630
author: Office, Editorial
title: Table of Contents Vol 26, No 1 (2022)
date: 2022-12-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1691
sentence: 9
flesch: -113
cache: cache/sajr-2630.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-2630.txt
summary:
  ISSN: 1027-202X (print)  |  ISSN: 2078-6778 (online)South African Journal of Radiology http://www.sajr.org.za Open Access Table of Contents Original Research Radiation induced cataracts in interventionalists occupationally  exposed to ionising radiation André Rose, William I.D. Rae, Margaret A. Sweetlove, Lumko Ngetu, Mohamed A. Benadjaoud, Wayne Marais South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2495 | 30 September 2022 Original Research Differentiation between various types and subtypes of intracranial  meningiomas with advanced MRI Mousam Panigrahi, Narendra K. Bodhey, Saroj K. Pati, Nighat Hussain, Anil K. Sharma, Arvind K. Shukla South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2480 | 26 October 2022 Original Research Spontaneous bleeding in COVID-19: A retrospective experience of an  Italian COVID-19 hospital Mirko Trentadue, Plinio Calligaro, Gianluigi Lazzarini, Fabio Bonomi Boseggia, Elena Residori, Jennifer Hu, Silvana Vanti, Linda Lillo, Giovanna Varischi, Roberto Cerini South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2509 | 31 October 2022 Review Article A review of teleradiology in Africa – Towards mobile teleradiology  in Nigeria Mohammed Y. Tahir, Maurice Mars, Richard E. Scott South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2257 | 11 January 2022 Case Report Spinal Chloroma – Herald of blast crisis in a patient with chronic  myeloid leukaemia: A case report Stuti Chandola, M. Sarthak Swarup, Radhika Batra, Alpana Manchanda South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2286 | 27 January 2022 Case Report A case of carotid web: Cause of stroke in healthy and  young patients Sanjay M. Khaladkar, Darshana Dilip, Rahul Arkar, Vijetha Chanabasanavar, Purnachandra Lamghare South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2291 | 28 January 2022 Case Report Otosyphilis: A rare cause of acute bilateral sensorineural  hearing loss in a HIV-negative patient Johan Sothmann, Shaun Adam, Gideon van Tonder, Razaan Davis, Leon Janse van Rensburg South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2351 | 29 March 2022 Case Report Primary giant cell tumour of the breast with recurrence:  A rare case report Farhana E. Suleman, Moipone N. Vilakazi, Meshack Bida, Richard Edwards South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2393 | 20 April 2022 Case Report Sellar spine: A rare Bony variant of the Sella Turcica Luke D. Metelo-Liquito, Thandi E. Buthelezi South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2371 | 28 April 2022 105 112 121 130 139 144 148 153 157 Case Report Diagnosing rare intraductal biliary neoplasms – Intraductal  papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: A case report with  typical imaging findings Saumya Pandey, Nitin Agarwal, Vidushi Gupta, Ashok Sharma, Anil Aggarwal, Sunita Gupta, Ram Krishan South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2387 | 29 April 2022 SAJR 26-1_2022_Contents.indd http://www.sajr.org.za Open Access Table of Contents Original Research Paediatric minor head injury applied to Paediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network CT recommendations:  An audit Jacques du Plessis, Sharadini K. Gounden, Carolyn Lewis South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2289 | 14 April 2022 Original Research Diagnostic accuracy and inter-reader reliability of the MRI Liver  Imaging Reporting and Data System (version 2018) risk stratification  and management system Ranjit Singh, Mitchell P. Wilson, Florin Manolea, Bilal Ahmed, Christopher Fung, Darryn Receveur, Gavin Low South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2386 | 19 May 2022 Original Research Appropriateness of imaging modality choice by doctors at the  Kenyatta National Hospital’s Accident and Emergency  Department Salman S. Ahmed, Callen K. Onyambu, Eunice Omamo, Alfred Odhiambo South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2367 | 29 June 2022 Original Research A 6-year audit of public-sector MR utilisation in the Western Cape  province of South Africa Yusuf Parak, Razaan Davis, Michelle Barnard, Amanda Fernandez, Keith Cloete, Matodzi Mukosi, Richard D. Pitcher South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2464 | 22 July 2022 Original Research The effectiveness of the pregnancy adapted YEARS algorithm to  safely identify patients for CT pulmonary angiogram in pregnant  and puerperal patients suspected of having pulmonary  embolism Riaan Potgieter, Piet Becker, Farhana Suleman South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26,


id: sajr-40
author: Modi, Mala
title: The future impact of the SAJR
date: 2007-11-27
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 932
sentence: 37
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-40.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-40.txt
summary:
  The IF of a journal is deter- mined by the number of times a particular journal is cited over a given period – usually a 3-year period.2 Although the IF has created controversy in many circles, one has to bear in mind that in some countries it is used to evaluate grant applications, staff promotions, job applications, and bonuses.3,4 The controversies are largely based on inherent biases in the system which include English language preference; review articles (being more citable than case reports, so if a journal does not publish case reports it automatically becomes more citable, e.g. the American Journal of Radiology); free journals – for obvious reasons; longer articles; and of course the poor yield of citations from regional journals with highly specialised topics, for example Antarctic Science.1,5 Basic science journals usually carry a high impact factor (Nature has an IF of 27.0740), whereas the clinical journals less so. Dr Humza Carim, a first-year radiology registrar from Johannesburg, together with the Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital Interventional Radiology Department, has described our experiences with bronchial artery embolisation for massive haemoptysis.


id: sajr-21
author: Govind, M; Maharajh, J
title: Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system
date: 2007-01-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1414
sentence: 69
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-21.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-21.txt
summary:
  We present a case of superficial siderosis presenting with hearing loss and cerebellar signs highlighting the imaging findings. Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system Mayuri Govind, MB ChB, FCRad Diag (SA) Department of Radiology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban J Maharajh, MB ChB, FC Rad Diag (SA), MMed Department of Radiology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, and University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban Figs 1 and 2. MRI - T2W axial images demonstrating hypointense lining along the pial surface of the cerebellum indicative of haemosiderin deposition and brain- stem.


id: sajr-473
author: Khan, N; Ismail, F; van de Werke, I; Gongxeka, H
title: Mermaid baby
date: 2010-08-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 905
sentence: 43
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-473.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-473.txt
summary:
  There are 3 known variants of the different degrees of lower extremities fusion: Mermaid baby N Khan, MB BS, FCRad (D) F Ismail, MB BCh, FCRad (D) Abstract We were recently intrigued by a baby born at Kalafong Hospital with fused lower extremities resembling a mermaid, which caused us to search for the background and origin of this entity called sirenomelia.


id: sajr-257
title: SAJR 652
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 3589
sentence: 236
flesch: 59
cache: cache/sajr-257.htm
txt: txt/sajr-257.txt
summary:
  In addition, cases in which patients with HIV are receiving antiretroviral therapy can be followed up to determine if the patients regain white matter volume and CC thickness. Future work planned will compare CC thickness, measured using this technique, with brain volume (segmented into white matter and grey matter) in an attempt to use CC thickness as an indicator of white matter volume loss in children with HIV and hypoxic ischaemic injury. Acknowledgements.


id: sajr-282
title: SAJR 936
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1223
sentence: 78
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-282.htm
txt: txt/sajr-282.txt
summary:
  The paramalignant syndromes are divided into paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) and non-neurological syndromes. An increasing number of onconeural antibodies have been identified in patients with PNS, including anti-Hu, anti-CV2, anti-Ma and anti-Ta (Ma2), among several others.1 Anti-Ta (Ma2) typically occurs in young men with testicular germ cell tumours (including extragonadal sites).


id: sajr-340
title: Gorlin syndrome - an incidental radiographic detection
date: 2011-02-21
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 787
sentence: 48
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-340.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-340.txt
author:
  Shetty, Shishir Ram; Veena, K M; Chatra, Laxmikanth; Shenai, Prashanth; Rao, Prasanna Kumar; Chandra, Jagadish

summary:
  Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. It is an hereditary autosomal dominant disease with a prevalence estimated in various studies to be between 1/57 000 and 1/256 000, and a male:female ratio of 1:1.2 We describe in brief the important radiological features of an accidentally detected case of Gorlin syndrome in the form of a pictorial interlude.


id: sajr-267
author: Matzdorff, Robert
title: CPD questionnaire
date: 2012-11-28
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 510
sentence: 42
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-267.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-267.txt
summary:
  The presence of pneumoperitoneum allows free intra-peritoneal air to be contrasted with intraluminal gas, accentuating the wall of gas- containing viscera. Is characterised by decreased bone mass, increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures.


id: sajr-324
author: Ismail, F; Khan, N; van de Werke, I; Ahmed, R
date: 2011-05-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1222
sentence: 62
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-324.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-324.txt
title:
  A severe case of astrogliosis and encephalomalacia in a neonate with a massive vein of Galen malformation (VGM)

summary:
  In the search for a high-volume extra-cardiac shunt, cerebral ultrasound revealed a vein of Galen malformation (VGM) with massive hydrocephalus with no normal brain parenchyma (Fig. 3). There was hypertrophy of the left atrium (LA) and right myocardium, and right heart failure A severe case of astrogliosis and encephalomalacia in a neonate with a massive vein of Galen malformation (VGM) F Ismail, FC Rad (D) N Khan, FC Rad (D)


id: sajr-441
title: Large uncomplicated hydropneumopericardium
date: 2010-03-11
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 433
sentence: 20
flesch: 33
cache: cache/sajr-441.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-441.txt
author:
  Rakotoarivelo, R A; Razafimahefa, S H; Ramanalimanana, P; Ranoharison, D; Johnson, A D; Rakotoarimanana, S

summary:
  PICTORIAL ESSAY A 45-year-old Malagasy man, with a 2-month medical history of chronic pericarditis, presented to the Department of Cardiology at Joseph Raseta Hospital with cardiac tamponade. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006; 29: 422-424. 3. Kabukcu M, Demircioglu F, Yanik E, Basarici I, Ersel F. Pericardial tamponade and large pericardial effu- sion: causal and efficacy of percutaneous catheter drainage in 50 patients.


id: sajr-331
author: Els, H; Andronikou, S
title: Cognitive decline and depressed level of consciousness in AIDS: Diagnosis
date: 2011-05-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1547
sentence: 86
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-331.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-331.txt
summary:
  1a demonstrates a right fronto-parietal, right basal ganglia and left anterior capsula externa hypodense lesions without significant mass effect and no contrast enhancement (Fig. 1b). WM lesions are usually bilateral, symmetric, varied in size and manifest as hypodensities.


id: sajr-355
title: NORMAL.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 2847
sentence: 160
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-355.htm
txt: txt/sajr-355.txt
summary:
  NORMAL.html Normal variance in renal size in relation to body habitus Werner S Harmse, MB ChB Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein Corresponding author: W Harmse (wsharmse@mweb.co.za) Abstract Objective. A secondary aim was to evaluate the relationship of renal size to gender and race.


id: sajr-2485
title: sajr-2485
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5943
sentence: 320
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-2485.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2485.txt
summary:
  As ancillary techniques evolve and become easier and more affordable, we are certain that FNAB with cell block material will be able to play a larger and more important role in tumour diagnosis and management. Preparation of FNAB cell blocks allows the identification of some biomarkers, making the use of FNAB even more compelling and a very viable alternative.


id: sajr-2406
title: sajr-2406
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2279
sentence: 140
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-2406.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2406.txt
summary:
  Keywords: tuberous sclerosis complex; renal cell carcinoma; paediatric; neuro-cutaneous; hamartomas. Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are very rare in patients with TSC (1% – 4%) (2).


id: sajr-435
author: Lotz, Jan
title: Radiation free-for-all is imminent
date: 2010-03-11
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 585
sentence: 22
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-435.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-435.txt
summary:
  Properly trained specialists in imaging diagnosis, radiation protection and the process of weighing the potential hazards of ionising radiation against diagnostic gain, constantly ensure our international rating. A unilateral process has been instituted by the HPCSA to embark on opening the diagnostic use of ionising radiation to all medical disciplines (specialist and non-specialist).


id: sajr-299
title: RADIOACTIVE NEWS
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 313
sentence: 11
flesch: 35
cache: cache/sajr-299.htm
txt: txt/sajr-299.txt
summary:
  My attendance at the 49th Annual Meeting of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology, held in Athens, Greece, from 28 May to 1 June 2012, was made possible by the generosity of the Radiological Society of South Africa CME Association grant. Dr M Riccabona, the chair of the ESPR Uroradiology Task Force and ESUR Paediatric Uroradiology Working Group, with Dr N Govender and Professor S Andronikou, both from the University of the Witwatersrand, and Dr P Rao, a paediatric subspecialist from the Royal Children’s Hospital in Australia.


id: sajr-251
title: SAJR 890
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 302
sentence: 29
flesch: 76
cache: cache/sajr-251.htm
txt: txt/sajr-251.txt
summary:
  Axial ADC map MR image at a slightly inferior level. Coronal FLAIR MR images at the level of the temporal lobes.


id: sajr-480
author: Fani, Gertrude
title: CPD questionnaire
date: 2010-08-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1232
sentence: 73
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-480.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-480.txt
summary:
  Although axial CT images are sufficient for evaluating most airway abnormalities, there are inherent limita- tions of axial sections for assessing the airways: • limited ability to detect subtle airway stenoses • underestimation of the craniocaudal extent of the disease • difficulty in displaying the complex 3-D relationships of the airway to adjacent mediastinal structures • inadequate representation of airways oriented obliquely to the axial plane • difficulty in assessing the interfaces and surfaces of airways that lie parallel to the axial plane. D. The degree of central airway stenoses is accurately assessed on axial images, obviating the need to perform MPR to obtain a true axial diameter of the airways in children.


id: sajr-491
author: Misser, S K
title: Cranial MRI diagnosis
date: 2009-11-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 154
sentence: 22
flesch: 70
cache: cache/sajr-491.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-491.txt
summary:
  Cranial MRI diagnosis QUIZ CASE 105 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • December 2009 S K Misser, MB ChB, FCRad (D) 105 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2009 Presentation A 50-year-old woman, known to have been recently diagnosed with advanced colonic carcinoma, and on palliative therapy, presented with an acute confusional state and associated seizures.


id: sajr-290
title: SAJR 633
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1121
sentence: 70
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-290.htm
txt: txt/sajr-290.txt
summary:
  Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery: A rare cause of myocardial infarction in children. Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery: A rare cause of myocardial infarction in children.


id: sajr-245
title: SAJR 820a
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1566
sentence: 106
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-245.htm
txt: txt/sajr-245.txt
summary:
  Tracheal bronchus, also referred to as bronchus suis or pig’s bronchus, is a rare tracheobronchial anomaly in which an ectopic bronchus arises from the lateral wall of the trachea above the carina and supplies the entire upper lobe or a segment of the upper lobe. In the past, tracheal bronchus was diagnosed using bronchoscopy or bronchography.


id: sajr-458
author: Goodier, Matthew; Rubin, Grace
title: Echinococcal disease of the bone: An unusual cause of a pathological fracture
date: 2010-12-07
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1046
sentence: 50
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-458.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-458.txt
summary:
  Conclusion Echinococcal cyst of bone is a rare manifestation of echinococcal disease, with involvement of long bones, such as the radius, especially rare. Echinococcosis of the bone is an unusual manifestation of echinococcal disease and a rare cause of a lytic lesion of bone.


id: sajr-348
author: Fani, Gertrude
title: CPD Questionnaire
date: 2011-02-21
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 801
sentence: 50
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-348.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-348.txt
summary:
  D. Children with chronic diseases are at greater risk of non-accidental injury. A. Renal biopsy plays a pivotal role in determining the diagnosis in patients with impaired renal function and with other renal diseases.


id: sajr-371
author: Ebrahim, Zaeem Ismail; Lockhat, Zarina Ismail; Ismail, Farzanah
title: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) - a rare entity
date: 2011-08-15
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1188
sentence: 72
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-371.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-371.txt
summary:
  SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • September 2011 79 REVIEW ARTICLE Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) – a rare entity Zaeem I Ebrahim, MB BCh Farzanah Ismail, FCRad (D) (SA) Department of Radiology, University of Pretoria Corresponding author: Z Ebrahim (zaeem@iafrica.com) Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare complication of mucinous tumours of appendiceal or ovarian origin that results in peritoneal and omental implants.


id: sajr-332
author: Misser, S
title: Arm pain after syncope - new case
date: 2011-05-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 168
sentence: 19
flesch: 67
cache: cache/sajr-332.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-332.txt
summary:
  SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2011 63 QUIZ CASE Presentation A chronically ill 49-year-old woman presented to the trauma unit with acute on chronic right arm pain after a syncopal episode. Arm pain after syncope S K Misser, MB ChB, FCRad (D)


id: sajr-501
author: Meerkotter, D
title: Mammographic normal variant : the sternalis muscle
date: 2009-08-20
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1110
sentence: 77
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-501.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-501.txt
summary:
  The CT scan demonstrated a flattened band of muscle density lying anterior to the medial margin of the pectoralis muscle. Sternalis muscle coronal CT image.


id: sajr-325
author: Ismail, F; van de Werke, I; Khan, N; Levay, P; Davel, G
title: Radiological chest manifestations in diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome (DILS)
date: 2011-05-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 650
sentence: 32
flesch: 35
cache: cache/sajr-325.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-325.txt
summary:
  Axial high resolution computed tomography (HRCT ) of the chest demonstrates lymphatic distribution of a nodular infiltrate with interlobular septal thickening. 4a 4b Figs 5a and b. Histological stains of lung biopsy demonstrate thickening of the interalveolar septae with focal peribronchiolar collections of lymphocyte infiltration in keeping with interstitial lung disease. Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome.


id: sajr-427
author: Emby, D J
title: Radiologists and radiographers must remain the custodians of diagnostic radiation
date: 2010-06-07
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 730
sentence: 33
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-427.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-427.txt
summary:
  In raising the alarm against what appears to be an unbelievably irresponsible move by the HPCSA (which appears bent on removing all control over diagnostic radiation in South Africa) at a time when the rest of the world is tightening control, the editorial surely speaks not only for the Radiological Society but for the entire radiological fraternity in South Africa. These hearings were prompted by a rising tide of articles in the medical literature drawing attention to the danger posed by the increasing use of ionising radiation in medical diagnostic imaging, mainly a result of an explosive increase in the number of CT scans that are performed annually.


id: sajr-474
author: Pretorius, Phil
title: Use of MR sialography and T2W fat-suppressed series in parotitis
date: 2010-08-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1195
sentence: 52
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-474.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-474.txt
summary:
  The case highlights two important MRI techniques: MR sialography and T2W fat-suppression sequence. These can be modified Use of MR sialography and T2W fat-suppressed MR in parotitis Phil Pretorius, FFRad (Diag) SA Drs Visser, Vawda, Erasmus and Partners, Greenacres Hospital, Port Elizabeth Fig.


id: sajr-2589
title: sajr-2589
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2281
sentence: 117
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-2589.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2589.txt
summary:
  While MRI findings overlap in many of the bacterial and viral aetiologies, the presented case of human parechovirus infection in this report increases radiologists’ awareness of the characteristic MR brain imaging findings, providing a unique opportunity to be able to make a definitive diagnosis in clinically suspected cases of neonatal meningoencephalitis. While MR brain imaging findings overlap in bacterial and viral aetiologies of meningitis, human parechovirus infection displays characteristic findings which can support a definitive diagnosis in clinically suspected cases.


id: sajr-356
title: Metastatic.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1041
sentence: 61
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-356.htm
txt: txt/sajr-356.txt
summary:
  Distinguishing between a primary GI mucosal melanoma and melanoma metastases to the GI tract from an unknown or regressed cutaneous primary may be difficult.2 , 4 The most common sites of metastases are lymph nodes (73%) and lung (71%), followed by the liver, brain, bone and adrenal glands; GI metastasis stands at 43%. Primary melanoma of the GI tract is rarely diagnosed at an early stage.


id: sajr-450
author: Mohammed, S; Tahir, A; Ahidjo, A; Mustapha, Z; O, Franza
title: Sonographic gallbladder wall thickness in normal adult population in Nigeria
date: 2010-12-07
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3096
sentence: 156
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-450.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-450.txt
summary:
  Differences in gallbladder wall thickness were determined using the chi- square test, while the relationship between the ultrasound-measured gallbladder wall thickness and the subjects’ age, sex, height and weight were analysed using the Pearson product moment correlation. There was no correlation between gallbladder wall thickness and age and height of subjects (r=0.34, p<0.09). Conclusion.


id: sajr-442
author: Misser, S K
title: Cranial MIR: findings and diagnosis
date: 2010-03-11
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 416
sentence: 22
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-442.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-442.txt
summary:
  Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, part 2: Controversies surrounding patho- physiology of vasogenic edema. Despite several theories, the pathogenesis of vasogenic oedema in PRES is not clear.2 Relative paucity of sympathetic innervation of the ver- tebrobasilar circulation when compared with the internal carotid territo- ries has been suggested as an explanation for the distribution frequently observed.


id: sajr-248
title: SAJR 704
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1264
sentence: 89
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-248.htm
txt: txt/sajr-248.txt
summary:
  We present a case where bronchial artery embolisation had to be augmented by pulmonary artery coil embolisation for a Rasmussen’s aneurysm after recurrent haemoptysis. when substantial.6 Since 1973, the use of bronchial artery embolisation (BAE) has become customary management for recurrent and massive haemoptysis.2 Recurrent haemoptysis occurs in approximately 20% of patients.1 , 7 Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has established itself as a very useful tool in identifying the precise location of the source of bleeding.8 Additionally, it may assist in identifying signs suggesting that the pulmonary artery is the source of bleeding, such as the presence of a proximal cavity, visualisation of a pulmonary artery bordering a cavity and a Rasmussen aneurysm.8 The present case serves to emphasise the fact that, in cases of recurrent haemoptysis, complicating pulmonary TB, a CT angiogram of the pulmonary vessels should be considered, to exclude aneurysms that might lead to catastrophic haemoptysis.


id: sajr-2634
title: sajr-2634
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3366
sentence: 214
flesch: 34
cache: cache/sajr-2634.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2634.txt
summary:
  Aneurysm characteristics, study population, and endovascular techniques for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms in a large, prospective, multicenter cohort: Results of the analysis of recanalization after endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysm study. Abstract Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Herchel Clarke Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Trevor Nefale Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Victor Mngomezulu Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Citation Clarke H, Nefale T, Mngomezulu V. Endovascular management of intracranial aneurysms at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital.


id: sajr-2559
title: sajr-2559
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3747
sentence: 240
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-2559.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2559.txt
summary:
  Procedures with the widest variation in dose were unilateral nephrostomy (5) for KAP, UAE (3) for Ka,r and PICC (2.3) for FT. Comparison with published diagnostic reference levels Tables 2a–c represent CHBAH LDRLs in comparison to published local and international DRLs. Results Frequency of interventional radiology procedures The total number of IR cases performed during the study period was 564.


id: sajr-363
title: RADIOACTIVE.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 3129
sentence: 125
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-363.htm
txt: txt/sajr-363.txt
summary:
  He also cited the Society’s highly successful Conference Programme convened by Professor Leon Janse van Rensburg, which had culminated in the formation of the RSSA’s CME Fund, from which the national library donations had been made. The active congress programme organised by Professor Leon Janse van Rensburg is anticipated to cover major areas of the syllabus over a 4 - 5-year cycle, giving all radiologists, and particularly those in training, the opportunity to continually update knowledge with renowned international speakers visiting South Africa.


id: sajr-532
author: de Witt, Juruan; Stoker, A F
title: Multi-organ echinococcosis in a paediatric patient
date: 2009-03-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1112
sentence: 79
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-532.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-532.txt
summary:
  Multi-organ involvement is common, and cysts may develop in various organs. Plain films will reveal unruptured pulmonary cysts as rounded masses of uniform density, while ruptured cysts result in complex cavitary lesions with variable radiographic features, which include an air-fluid level, a floating membrane (water-lily sign), a double wall, an essentially dry cyst with crumpled membranes (serpent sign, rising sun sign) or an empty cyst.2,3 Plain films may also be helpful in detecting cysts in other organs, e.g. calcified cysts in the liver.


id: sajr-493
author: Fani, Gertrude
title: CPD Questionnaire
date: 2009-11-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 892
sentence: 58
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-493.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-493.txt
summary:
  7. Regarding radiation dose in mammography, all the following are false except: A. Exposure time is not decreased by immobilisation. C. Decreasing breast thickness does not necessarily reduce radiation dose.


id: sajr-484
author: Schultze, Otto
title: A digital thumbs-up for PACS & RIS
date: 2009-11-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 929
sentence: 38
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-484.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-484.txt
summary:
  The focus of the conference is not to set out why one should pur- chase a PACS & RIS or which system to buy – the PACS & RIS vendors are best suited to do this and to explain their benefits and special fea- tures. Jan Lotz Editor-in-chief First African PACS & RIS Edu-Conference: A practical approach to PACS & RIS within Africa Picture archiving and communications systems and radiology informa- tion systems (PACS & RIS) is not a new technology, either interna- tionally or in South Africa.


id: sajr-341
author: Etheredge, Harriet Rosanne
title: Rethinking responsibility in radiography: Some ethical issues in South Africa
date: 2011-02-21
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3645
sentence: 192
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-341.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-341.txt
summary:
  Radiographers, legislation and informed consent This section considers the legal and professional status of the radiographer, examining informed consent requirements for practising radiographers in South Africa. But are radiographers healthcare providers?


id: sajr-316
author: Misser, Shalendra Kumar
title: Musculoskeletal imaging of a painful knee: Diagnosis
date: 2012-06-12
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 807
sentence: 40
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-316.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-316.txt
summary:
  Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2007:685-692. SONK Atraumatic osteonecrosis Synonyms Primary necrosis, osteonecrosis Secondary, idiopathic osteonecrosis Age group Older patients, usually >55 years Younger patients, usually <55 years Patient profile Elderly female, with moderate OA Young active Presentation Acute pain/acute-on-chronic pain Insidious onset and slow progression Risk factors None Steroid/ethanol use, renal disease Joints involved Weight-bearing, usually unilateral Non-weight-bearing, commonly bilateral Location of bone involvement Epiphyseal to subchondral surface Diaphyseal, metaphyseal, epiphyseal T2-weighted MRI Increased signal at margin, decreased signal at centre of lesion Decreased signal at margin with increased signal of inner border – double-line sign Articular surface hyperintensity of both femoral condyles and the medial tibial condyle with subchondral fracture at the latter is noted.


id: sajr-307
title: Experiences.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 2643
sentence: 127
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-307.htm
txt: txt/sajr-307.txt
summary:
  Biphasic contrast injection single post-contrast injection series. Other advantages from reducing unnecessary series of post-contrast CT scans have been discussed in a previous article using a single post-contrast CT scan of the urinary tract after triphasic contrast injection.1 These advantages include: • more efficient reading of the scans owing to more information presented on a single post-contrast series • ease of viewing of a single scan post-contrast series for the referring clinician • reduction in radiation to the patient from unnecessary extra scan series • reduced wear and tear on scanner hardware • reduction in the number of images needing electronic archiving.


id: sajr-459
author: Joseph, Febin; Lockhat, Zarina I; Janse van Rensburg, Malan; Smal, Janet; Moja, Tshepo Peter
title: Acute pituitary apoplexy complicating a pituitary macroadenoma
date: 2010-12-07
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1291
sentence: 72
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-459.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-459.txt
summary:
  These include anticoagulation, dynamic pituitary function tests, radiation, bromocriptine therapy for existing macro-adenoma, trauma, surgery, peri- or post-partum state, elevated oestrogen levels and diabetes.4 Up to 20% of pituitary apoplexy cases may be sub-clinical, but with radiological and pathological evidence of a haemorrhagic infarction. Pituitary tumour apoplexy: characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.


id: sajr-380
author: Misser, S K
title: Arm pain after syncope: Diagnosis
date: 2011-08-15
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 772
sentence: 46
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-380.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-380.txt
summary:
  There are numerous radiographic features of hyperparathyroidism (see Table I). Table I. Radiographic features of hyperparathyroidism and common sites at which they occur Radiographic feature Common sites 1.


id: sajr-466
author: Fani, Gertrude
title: CPD questionnaire
date: 2010-12-07
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1109
sentence: 63
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-466.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-466.txt
summary:
  The finding itself is non-specific and can be found in a wide range of gallbladder diseases and extracholecystic pathological conditions. Regarding thickening of the gallbladder wall, which of the following statements is false? 2. Which of the following statements is false? A. Tumoral calcinosis may be defined as metastatic peri- articular calcification that can be found in a wide variety of conditions such as primary hyperthyroidism and connective tissue diseases, as well as an idiopathic form.


id: sajr-34
author: Mulwafu, W; Furlan, G; Jonas, N
title: Ethmoid mucocele in a 5-year-old patient without cystic fibrosis
date: 2007-11-27
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1105
sentence: 63
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-34.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-34.txt
summary:
  Endoscopic treatment of paranasal sinus mucoceles in children. They may also produce frontal headaches and proptosis.2 Differential diagnoses of ethmoid sinus mucoceles in the paediatric population include meningocele, rhabdomyosarcoma, haemangioma, neuroblastoma and bony lesions such as fibrous dysplasia and osteo- mas.5 Mucoceles of the frontal sinus can often be diagnosed on plain X-ray films.


id: sajr-372
author: Suleman, Farhana Ebrahim; Scheepers, Pieter Albrecht
date: 2011-08-15
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1260
sentence: 79
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-372.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-372.txt
title:
  Multiple skeletal lesions and pleural effusion owing to Histoplasma capsulatum infection in an immunocompetent patient from a non-endemic region

summary:
  Pleural effusion and skeletal lesions are both rare manifestations of H. capsulatum infection. None of the radiographic findings raised any suspicion of H. capsulatum infection, and it was thanks to the astute histopathologist that the diagnosis was made.


id: sajr-545
author: Fani, Gertrude
title: CPD questionnaire
date: 2009-06-15
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1083
sentence: 59
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-545.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-545.txt
summary:
  In line with the ALARA principle, the Directorate of Radiation Control (DRC) in the Department of Health, South Africa, has mandated all facilities having fixed fluoroscopy X-ray units to have a dose- area-product (DAP) meter installed on their units. A. Most sonographic abnormalities correlate with CD4+ counts, indicating that there is a strong direct association between the infec- tion stage, the CD4+ count and ultrasound findings.


id: sajr-2684
title: sajr-2684
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3847
sentence: 209
flesch: 39
cache: cache/sajr-2684.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2684.txt
summary:
  Axial post-contrast soft tissue window CT image in a patient with a right occipital craniectomy (a, thick white arrow) indicates extensive leptomeningeal enhancement (b, thin white arrows). Later on, the edges become smooth and rounded as the flap undergoes resorption and remodelling.4 FIGURE 2: Axial bone window CT brain image (a) demonstrates a left parietal craniotomy (short white arrows) in a patient who underwent surgery for a left parietal space occupying lesion.


id: sajr-421
author: Lotz, Jan
title: The state of academic radiology in South Africa in 2010
date: 2010-06-07
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 679
sentence: 33
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-421.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-421.txt
summary:
  The Frank Doyle Medal is a personal achievement, but I believe that it also represents the state of excellence of radiology in South Africa. Dr Janse van Rensburg’s achievement is equally a great achievement for South African radiology.


id: sajr-273
title: SAJR 778
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 7967
sentence: 586
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-273.htm
txt: txt/sajr-273.txt
summary:
  The diagnostic algorithm for sinus disease continues to evolve along with advances in imaging modalities, and this review discusses suggested imaging guidelines for sinus imaging in children. 2. Lymphoma is a common neoplasm of childhood, accounting for approximately 50% of all head and neck malignancies.27 Lymphomas arising primarily in the nose and paranasal sinuses are of the non-Hodgkin’s type, but are uncommon.


id: sajr-291
title: SAJR 669
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1286
sentence: 75
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-291.htm
txt: txt/sajr-291.txt
summary:
  Thomas, M. The global experience with percutaneous aortic valve replacement. Thomas, M. The global experience with percutaneous aortic valve replacement.


id: sajr-443
author: Misser, S K
title: Abdominal imaging diagnosis
date: 2010-03-11
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 126
sentence: 18
flesch: 72
cache: cache/sajr-443.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-443.txt
summary:
  Lake Smit and Partners, Durban A 53-year-old woman, of otherwise excellent health, presented with acute abdominal pain, severe cramping and vomiting. Axial post-IV contrast CT of abdomen.


id: sajr-436
author: Perumal, Nalini Sindy; Willy Vangu, Mboyo-Di-Tamba Heben
date: 2010-03-11
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2991
sentence: 150
flesch: 62
cache: cache/sajr-436.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-436.txt
title:
  Radioiodine therapy in skeletal metastases from well-differentiated thyroid cancer: a Johannesburg experience

summary:
  The methods used more than 15 years ago for diagnosis and treatment differ from present-day management.2 More recent stud- ies show that survival drops to 13 - 21% when bone metastases are pres- ent.3-5 Bone metastases represent a frequent complication, especially of follicular thyroid cancer, and severely reduce quality of life, causing pain, fractures and spinal cord compression. Seven patients died – 4 from neurological disease directly associated with bone metastases.


id: sajr-333
author: Fani, Gertrude
title: CPD questionnaire
date: 2011-05-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 913
sentence: 56
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-333.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-333.txt
summary:
  Regarding radiation effects, identify a single false statement. Frontal CXR 0.11 mSv B. Abdominal CT 10 mSv C. Lung CT 1.33 mSv D. Annual background radiation 0.3 mSv 3.


id: sajr-326
author: Emby, D; Lancaster, A
date: 2011-05-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1464
sentence: 85
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-326.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-326.txt
title:
  Delayed post-surgical sepsis from Teflon felt: The diagnostic value of CT scanning, and a reminder for theatre staff

summary:
  Biocompatibility in terms of such implants really denotes that the implants are non-toxic.1 If the operative field is potentially infected (as in Case 1), or potentially contaminated (as in Case 2), the implantation of non-absorbable Teflon felt into the soft tissues results in a foreign body reaction that is prone to secondary infection. 3. de la Fuente A, Augudo O, Sanchez R, Fernandez JL, Moriones I. Repair of left ventricular rupture after mitral valve replacement: use of Teflon patch and glue.


id: sajr-258
title: SAJR 751
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 971
sentence: 72
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-258.htm
txt: txt/sajr-258.txt
summary:
  Discussion Less than 3% of salivary gland tumours occur in children.4 The most common salivary gland lesion in childhood is a haemangioma.3 Sialoblastomas are rare, locally aggressive perinatal or congenital salivary gland tumours that occur predominantly in the parotid gland3 and were initially classified as benign.1 , 3 The biological behaviour of this lesion is incompletely defined because of its rarity, and early surgery is recommended.3 In the literature, only 4 cases with lung metastases and 1 case with nodal neck metastases have been reported.5 Surgical resection with negative margins is the mainstay of treatment, with some centres using neoadjuvant chemotherapy.5 This report presents a case of congenital sialoblastoma of the accessory parotid gland.


id: sajr-502
author: Andronikou, S
title: Spinal segmental dysgenesis
date: 2009-08-20
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 889
sentence: 51
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-502.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-502.txt
summary:
  SSD and CRS probably represent two faces of a single spectrum of segmental malformations of the spine and spinal cord. It is important to distinguish SSD from CRS and other spinal mal- formations as SSD is unlikely to benefit from untethering procedure, since the neurological disturbance is related to the congenital hypoplasia or absence of roots or segment of the spinal cord, rather than from cord tethering.1 1. Tortori-Donati P, Fondelli MP, Rossi A, Raybaud CA, Cama A, Capra V. Segmental spinal dysgenesis: Neuroradiologic findings with clinical and embryologic correlation.


id: sajr-475
author: Emby, D J
date: 2010-08-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1696
sentence: 90
flesch: 59
cache: cache/sajr-475.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-475.txt
title:
  The fallacy of comparing diagnostic radiation with background radiation; and the need to learn from past mistakes

summary:
  Regarding the red herring of background radiation as argued by the radiation dissidents, I would quote the following: ‘A criticism of a conservative approach in the use of ionising radia- tion is that we are all daily exposed to background radiation and have evolved cellular mechanisms capable of repairing damage caused by ionising radiation. The fallacy of comparing diagnostic radiation with background radiation; and the need to learn from past mistakes To the Editor: The subject of radiation exposure for diagnostic purposes is currently a ‘hot’ topic, and it is appropriate that the debate around this issue is given exposure in the pages of the SAJR.


id: sajr-364
title: paediatric neuropatho.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 882
sentence: 65
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-364.htm
txt: txt/sajr-364.txt
summary:
  Table I. White matter diseases according to cellular organelle involved Lysosomal storage diseases with white matter involvement Peroxisomal disorders Mitochondrial dysfunction with leukoencephalopathy Other white matter dysmyelinating disorders Metchromatic leukodystrophy Zellweger syndrome Leigh disease Canavan disease Krabbe disease X-Linked adrenoleukodystrophy MELAS Alexander disease Niemann-Pick disease Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) MERRF Congenital muscular dystrophy (Fukuyama) After gadolinium administration, symmetrical cranial nerve enhancement was demonstrated of the optic, oculomotor and trigeminal nerves.


id: sajr-2564
title: sajr-2564
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1563
sentence: 80
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-2564.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2564.txt
summary:
  Novel, congenital iliac arterial anatomy: Absent common iliac arteries and left internal iliac artery. Bilateral absence of common iliac artery:


id: sajr-2520
title: sajr-2520
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5057
sentence: 240
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-2520.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2520.txt
summary:
  Increased number of haemosiderin zones on SWI correlated with older patient age (p = 0.0003). No statistically significant relationship was identified between the number of haemosiderin zones and initial CT modified Fisher score (p = 0.34) or the causative aneurysm location (p = 0.37).


id: sajr-451
author: Suleman, F E; Mngomezulu, V; Ebrahim, N
date: 2010-12-07
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2751
sentence: 136
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-451.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-451.txt
title:
  Uraemic tumoral calcinosis in patients on haemodialysis in the renal unit at Dr George Mukhari Hospital, Pretoria

summary:
  but some cases report a degree of bone erosion in extensive calcinosis.8 The differential diagnosis for soft tissue calcifications should include idiopathic tumoral calcinosis, collagen vascular diseases (scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosis and dermatomyositis), myositis ossificans, metabolic causes (hyperparathyroidism) and neoplasms (osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma).1,4 These diseases can usually be differentiated radiologically from uraemic tumoral calcinosis and a biopsy is rarely warranted. Uraemic tumoral calcinosis in patients on haemodialysis in the renal unit at Dr George Mukhari Hospital, Pretoria Abstract Objective.


id: sajr-381
author: Misser, S K; Roos, J F
title: Paediatric neuropathology
date: 2011-08-15
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 167
sentence: 14
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-381.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-381.txt
summary:
  QUIZ CASE SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • September 2011 101 Paediatric neuropathology S K Misser, MB ChB, FCRad (D) Lake Smit and Partners, Durban J F Roos, MB ChB, MMed (Paed) Parklands Hospital, Durban Corresponding author: S Misser (shalendramisser@hotmail.com)


id: sajr-55
author: Ackermann, C; Andronikou, S; Erlank, E; Parsons, JJ; Cilliers, G
title: CT for upper abdominal pathology - is imaging of the pelvis necessary?
date: 2007-11-26
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3886
sentence: 213
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-55.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-55.txt
summary:
  The most common indications for abdominal CT at our institu- tion include: obstructive jaundice, pancreatitis, complicated renal cysts and liver lesions - all upper-abdominal pathology. It has also been found that abdominal CT performed for generalised abdominal pain with poor clinical examination and laboratory results has a very low positive yield.7


id: sajr-569
author: Naidoo, L
title: Imaging findings of meconiuim peritonitis
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1604
sentence: 90
flesch: 35
cache: cache/sajr-569.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-569.txt
summary:
  This case report serves also to describe the pathogenesis, radiological spectra, role of imaging and causes of meconium peritonitis. An abdominal radiograph, ultrasound and CT scan were performed by the on-call registrar and were reviewed by the consultant with the suggested diagnosis of meconium peritonitis.


id: sajr-351
title: editorial.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 683
sentence: 27
flesch: 32
cache: cache/sajr-351.htm
txt: txt/sajr-351.txt
summary:
  With articles chosen as those most appropriate to developing nations and medically underserved areas, GO RAD helps to increase the visi-bility and global outreach of co-operating journals and the authors of selected articles, as well as to bring together senior editors of the sponsoring organisations. An example from SAJR Vol. 15 No. 3 is: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) - a rare entity http://www.sajr.org.za/index.php/sajr/article/view/344   Eric Stern states the following in his invitation: ‘In summary, although your journal is open access, we warmly welcome you and your publisher to be active participants and stake-holders in GO RAD, helping us to create a more valuable and coordinated global outreach effort.’  


id: sajr-429
author: Misser, S K
title: Abdominal imaging - findings and diagnosis
date: 2010-06-07
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 565
sentence: 32
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-429.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-429.txt
summary:
  Tc-99m pertechnetate (Meckel scan) scintigraphy has an overall diagnostic accuracy of 90% in MD with ectopic gastric mucosa,1 but has been less utilised with multi-slice CT advances prompting improved detection on CT scan. Other differential diagnoses include inflammatory bowel disease, colitis, typhlitis, carcinoid or other bowel tumour, and pelvic inflammatory disease in females.


id: sajr-550
author: Durand, M; Abrahams, J C
title: MRI signal changes in the liver following multiple transfusions.
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 700
sentence: 35
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-550.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-550.txt
summary:
  The effect of haemosiderosis and blood transfusions on the T2 relaxation time and 1/T2 relaxation rate of liver tissue. No relationship has been demonstrated between bone marrow T2 relaxation rates and serum ferritin levels, or between liver and spleen 1/T2 relaxation.6 Iron deposition may be seen as increased density in the liver and spleen on CT, but is less readily quantifiable (Fig. 2).


id: sajr-2493
title: sajr-2493
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4110
sentence: 202
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-2493.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2493.txt
summary:
  Scar endometriosis has also been reported in post-hysterotomy scars, perineal episiotomies, post-Bartholin’s gland excisions, in laparoscopic trocar tracts and even in amniocentesis needle tracts.3 Involvement of the scar in the uterus is an even more rare entity, with limited case reports described in literature.4 With the aim of highlighting the importance of imaging in the assessment of scar endometriosis, four patients are presented, all of whom were provisionally diagnosed with scar endometriosis through a combination of clinical and radiological features with subsequent pathological confirmation. Other differential diagnoses that may be seen in the context of previous surgery and hence merit consideration are tabulated in Table 1. TABLE 1: Differential diagnoses of surgical scar endometriosis.


id: sajr-503
author: Fani, Gertrude
title: CPD Questions
date: 2009-08-20
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 687
sentence: 57
flesch: 61
cache: cache/sajr-503.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-503.txt
summary:
  Identify one false statement below: A. 50% of patients with t large PDA will devel- op pulmonary hypertension. 5. With regard to mammography, which one of the following statements is incorrect? A. Subtle signs of breast cancer can be missed by radiologists.


id: sajr-533
author: Modi, M; Kramer, L
title: Conjoined twins with a horseshoe kidney
date: 2009-03-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 937
sentence: 47
flesch: 60
cache: cache/sajr-533.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-533.txt
summary:
  There are many types of conjoined twins, usually classified according to the site of fusion. There are many types of conjoined twins, usually classified according to the site of fusion.


id: sajr-496
author: JP V Niekerk
title: sajr-496
date: 2009-08-15
pages: 2
extension: .docx
mime: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
words: 465
sentence: 20
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-496.docx
txt: txt/sajr-496.txt
summary:
  The web and more The switch of SAJR to a fully online journal has been most successfully managed by Jan Lotz, editor of the journal. In his editorial of April 2008 he explained the process of readers, authors and others accessing the SAJR in this format via www.sajr.org.za He promised that CPD would also be available for members.


id: sajr-342
author: Kruger, M; Loggenberg, E
date: 2011-02-21
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2266
sentence: 104
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-342.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-342.txt
title:
  Complications, disease profile and histological yield from percutaneous renal biopsy under real-time US guidance: A retrospective analysis

summary:
  Relative contraindications include: • bleeding diathesis • solitary kidney • end-stage or near end-stage renal disease with bilaterally small kidneys • although severe hypertension is universally listed as a contraindication to renal biopsy owingdue to risk of haemorrhage, no clinical studies are available to support this view.3 The difference in the diagnostic yield and complications of coaxial versus non-coaxial biopsy methods is a further consideration, but so far there is no evidence of any difference between the two methods in different studies.4 By international standards, over 99% of percutaneous renal biopsies are diagnostic. The objective of the study was to evaluate (i) the technique used at Universitas Hospital in comparison with other international centres also performing renal biopsies, (ii) the disease profile in patients undergoing renal biopsies, (iii) the complications experienced during and/or after the procedure, and (iv) the histological yield of the biopsies (amount of nephrons per biopsy taken) using this technique.


id: sajr-365
title: paediatric vascular.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 180
sentence: 16
flesch: 67
cache: cache/sajr-365.htm
txt: txt/sajr-365.txt
summary:
  paediatric vascular.html Paediatric vascular imaging S K Misser, MB ChB, FCRad (D) SA Lake Smit and Partners, Durban J N Narsai, MB ChB, FC Paed SA Crompton Hospital, Durban Corresponding author: S Misser (misser@lakesmit.co.za) Presentation An early neonate presented with stridor, and the following images were obtained. Figs 1 and 2 are axial post-contrast CT angiogram images at the level of the aortic arch.


id: sajr-668
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1576
sentence: 95
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-668.htm
txt: txt/sajr-668.txt
summary:
  Intramuscular myxomas are usually solitary but may be multiple and, in this scenario, are usually associated with monostotic or polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, which is known as Mazabraud's syndrome.5 On ultrasound, the lesion may appear as a complex cystic mass (hypo- or anechoic with increased through-transmission and posterior acoustic enhancement) or may even appear solid. Introduction Top ↑ Myxomas are benign mesenchymal tumours characterised by the production of mucinous material in a scant spindle cell matrix.1 Juxta-articular myxoma (JAM) is a rare form of myxoma in the vicinity of a joint.2 JAM has an association with trauma or joint arthrosis.


id: sajr-437
author: Joubert, C J
title: A metal foreign body pulmonary embolism
date: 2010-03-11
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 549
sentence: 28
flesch: 61
cache: cache/sajr-437.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-437.txt
summary:
  Surgical treatment of post traumatic foreign bodies in the heart and great vessels. A CT scan of the chest confirmed a piece of metal in a pulmonary artery to the left lower lobe.


id: sajr-576
author: Shayah, A; Gadepalli, C; Loke, D; Knight, L C
title: Dysplastic bone disease mimicking exostoses of the ear canal
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1474
sentence: 85
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-576.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-576.txt
summary:
  No treatment was recommended apart Dysplastic bone disease mimicking exostoses of the ear canal A Shayah, MRCS, DOHNS C Gadepalli, MRCS D Loke, FRCS L C Knight, MPhil, FRCS Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK Fig. Introduction Patients with systemic bone disease presenting to the ENT department are rare.


id: sajr-274
title: SAJR 927
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 2174
sentence: 117
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-274.htm
txt: txt/sajr-274.txt
summary:
  The high value of obstetric claims, including those for missed abnormalities, is reflected in the cost of indemnity for obstetricians and those performing antenatal ultrasound. Most importantly, indemnifiers accepting the financial risks of claims for missed structural abnormalities need to ensure they have sufficient reserves to meet future administrative and claims costs.


id: sajr-469
author: Janse van Rensburg, Leon
title: Continuing medical education in Radiology in South Africa
date: 2010-08-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 952
sentence: 37
flesch: 33
cache: cache/sajr-469.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-469.txt
summary:
  All this was achieved by forming partnerships and securing RSSA participation in the satellite and outreach educational programmes of international societies such as the International Cancer Imaging Society (ICIS), International Society for Magnetic Resonance and Medicine (ISMRM) Global Outreach Program, Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), Visiting International Professors Program(VIP), the Society of Gastro-Intestinal Radiology (SGR), International Education Conference (IEC), the University of Leuven and leading international radiologists. On an international intersociety level, RSSA members have free corresponding membership of the ECR, and registrars and junior radiologists qualify for participation in the European School of Radiology visiting fellowship programmes.


id: sajr-358
title: the radiological.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1704
sentence: 97
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-358.htm
txt: txt/sajr-358.txt
summary:
  Both our patients presented post-chemotherapy with cystic pulmonary lesions and, in the case of the ETT patient, bilateral pneumothoraces appeared as a result of ruptured cavitations. Malignant lesions, including metastases, rarely present as cystic lesions; we report on two such cases: a man with advanced carcinoma of the left testis, and a woman with epithelioid trophoblastic tumour. Discussion.


id: sajr-444
author: van Rensburg, L Janse
title: Radioactive news
date: 2010-03-11
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1734
sentence: 81
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-444.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-444.txt
summary:
  However, in patients with TB meningitis IRIS, we found no evidence of more frequent leptomeningeal enhancement, compared with what is described in HIV-1 infected patients with TB meningitis not on ART. Our findings challenge the concept that miliary tuberculosis is only an incidental finding in TBM patients, and suggest that it plays an integral part in the pathogenesis.


id: sajr-308
title: MAGNETIC RESONANCE.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 3059
sentence: 189
flesch: 62
cache: cache/sajr-308.htm
txt: txt/sajr-308.txt
summary:
  The impact of breast MRI on surgical decision-making: are patients at risk for mastectomy? The impact of breast MRI on surgical decision-making: are patients at risk for mastectomy?


id: sajr-586
title: sajr-586
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2866
sentence: 175
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-586.htm
txt: txt/sajr-586.txt
summary:
  Published: 04 Apr. 2014 How to cite this article: Blignaut G, Loggenberg E, De Vries C. The radiological appearance of intracranial aneurysms in adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The radiological appearance of intracranial aneurysms in adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) In This Original Research... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Method • Results • Ethical considerations • Discussion • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests    • Authors’ contributions • References Abstract Top ↑ Background: The global prevalence of intracranial aneurysms is estimated at 2.3%.


id: sajr-373
author: Scholtz, Leonie; Van Tonder, Reinier
title: Arrythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy
date: 2011-08-15
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2707
sentence: 121
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-373.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-373.txt
summary:
  Discussion The term arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia was first used by Frank et al. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy: a review.


id: sajr-561
author: Moller, J S; Pieterse, W H; du Toit, P D; Bonnet, S; Diedericks, A; Brummer, W
title: Staging of breast cancer with PET/CT
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 817
sentence: 58
flesch: 61
cache: cache/sajr-561.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-561.txt
summary:
  Pre-operative FDG PET for axillary metastases in patients with breast cancer. Advantages and limitations of FDG PET in the follow-up of breast cancer.


id: sajr-422
author: Rabie, J A; Otto, S; le Roux, A J
date: 2010-06-07
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3000
sentence: 157
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-422.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-422.txt
title:
  Is computed tomography of the brain necessary in patients with clinically suspected depressed skull fracture and no focal neurological deficit?

summary:
  As a predictor of outcome, scores of 13 to 15 are considered to correspond with mild injury, 9 to 12 with moderate injury and 8 or lower with severe injury.1-3 Since the advent of computed tomography (CT) scans in the early 1970s, the demand from emergency room physicians for CT scans for minor head injury patients is a routine practice, although most of these investigations are normal and fewer than 1% of patients require neurosurgery.4,5 It is not known how many CT scans are done in South Africa but, according to one estimate in the USA, even a 10% reduction in the number of CT scans in patients with minor head injuries would save more than $20 million per year.6 Over the past decade, numerous studies have investigated and attempted to regulate the utility of head CT in patients with minor head injury, such as the New Orleans criteria, the Canadian CT head rule and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) head injury guidelines. Early and late outcome in head injury patients with radiological evidence of brain damage.


id: sajr-485
date: 2009-11-30
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3888
sentence: 187
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-485.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-485.txt
author:
  Daya, Rupesh Baloo; Kibel, Maurice A; Pitcher, Richard Denys; Workman, Lesley; Douglas, Tania S; Sanders, Virginia

title:
  A pilot study evaluating erect chest imaging in children, using the Lodox Statscan digital X-ray machine

summary:
  Statscan chest images therefore have the potential to play a role in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children, especially in high-prevalence countries, and also in the imaging of cases where air- way narrowing or compression are suspected but not clearly seen on CR images. Statscan images, however, demonstrated exposure and move- ment artifacts, with hemidiaphragms and ribs most prone to movement.


id: sajr-62
author: Spiegel, K; Joseph, E
title: Thoracic and abdominopelvic actinomycosis
date: 2005-04-04
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2499
sentence: 145
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-62.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-62.txt
summary:
  Common features of actinomycosis infections include abscess formation, granulation, dense fibrous tis- sue formation, and the classical cutaneous sinuses with yellow/sulphur granular dis- charge. Surgical intervention assists in recovery but is not usually curative on its own.2 We present the radiological findings for 4 patients presenting with different forms of actinomycosis infection and give a short review of the relevant literature.


id: sajr-596
title: sajr-596
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3853
sentence: 193
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-596.htm
txt: txt/sajr-596.txt
summary:
  With greater eye movement, optic nerve diffusion appears less anisotropic owing to greater radial diffusion. The impact of optic nerve movement on optic nerve magnetic resonance diffusion parameters In This Original Research... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Method • Statistics • Results • Discussion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests    • Authors’ contributions • References Abstract Top ↑ Background: Optic nerve diffusion imaging is a useful investigational tool of optic nerve microstructure, but is limited by eye-movement-induced optic nerve movement and artifacts from surrounding cerebrospinal fluid, fat, bone and air.


id: sajr-50
author: Sweidan, L
title: Pathological basal ganglia calcification in a patient with pseudohypoparathyroidism
date: 2007-11-27
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 253
sentence: 20
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-50.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-50.txt
summary:
  Pathological basal ganglia calcification in a patient with pseudohypoparathyroidism L Sweidan, MB ChB Division of Radiology, Department of Radiation Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Fig. Physiological basal ganglia calcification is usually punctate, localised in the globus pallidus and of no clinical significance.


id: sajr-382
author: Essentials Course, RSSA MDCT
title: RSSA MDCT Essentials Course 2011
date: 2011-08-15
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2054
sentence: 94
flesch: 35
cache: cache/sajr-382.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-382.txt
summary:
  An atypical appearance of pulmonary metastases Jacqueline du Toit (Stellenbosch University Radiology Department, Tygerberg Hospital), Pieter Barnardt (Clinical Oncology, Tygerberg Hospital) Adequacy of paediatric renal tract ultrasound Nishentha Govender (University of the Witwatersrand) The many faces of lymphobronchial TB Susan Lucas, Savvas Andronikou (University of the Witwatersrand), Pierre Goussard, Robert Gie (University Stellenbosch)


id: sajr-56
author: Hlongwane, ST; Louw, HB; Dekker, G; Naidu, KM; Pienaar, M; Andronikou, S
title: Multicentric epitheloid haemangioendothelioma of bone
date: 2007-11-26
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1198
sentence: 68
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-56.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-56.txt
summary:
  Pelvic, lumbosacral and chest X-rays revealed additional lytic bone lesions in the pelvis (Fig. 1d). Tumour enhances after IVI gadolinium injec- tion.2 CT can be used for assessment of cortical destruction and soft tissue penetration.2 Bone scintigraphy shows 'doughnut' lesions with increased uptake in the periphery and photopaenic zone in the central region of the tumour.2 Preoperative angiography may show unseen lesions on CT and MRI.


id: sajr-730
title: sajr-730
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1307
sentence: 74
flesch: 39
cache: cache/sajr-730.htm
txt: txt/sajr-730.txt
summary:
  Article Information Authors: Chris van Zyl1 Razaan Davis2 Delmé Hurter1 Gerhard van der Westhuizen3 Affiliations: 1Kimberley Hospital Complex, Department of Clinical Imagining Science, University of the Free State, South Africa 2Department of Radiology, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa 3Department of Anatomical Pathology, Universitas Hospital, South Africa Correspondence to: Chris van Zyl Email: chrisjvanzyl@gmail.com Postal address: Tembuku 11, Paddy Goodrick Street, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa Dates: Received: 31 Aug. 2014 Accepted: 20 Nov. 2014 Published: 27 Mar. 2015 How to cite this article: Van Zyl, C, Davis, R, Hurter, D, Van der Westhuizen, G. Giant peritoneal loose bodies. The differential diagnoses for loose peritoneal bodies include gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), fibroma, desmoid tumour, teratoma, mesenteric calcification, leiomyoma and urinary, gallbladder and appendix stones.


id: sajr-551
author: nejmeddine, Affes; Ahmed, Guirat; Khalil, Ben Salah; Issam, Beyrouti; Henda, Ketata
title: Management of hemorrhage secondary to a pseudoaneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1161
sentence: 59
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-551.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-551.txt
summary:
  However, some authors consider surgery as the treatment of choice for bleeding pseudoaneurysms in patients with chronic pancreatitis, arguing that embolisation does not cure the dis- eased pancreas and that subsequent surgery is always indicated, anyway. Although gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysms develop mainly secondarily to pancreatitis, other rare causes such as atherosclerosis, trauma, iatrogenic lesions, tuberculous inflammation and connective tissue diseases have been reported.


id: sajr-74
author: Corr, P; Seolall, P; Booth, H
title: Magnetic resonance imaging of breast prostheses
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1208
sentence: 58
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-74.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-74.txt
summary:
  Various radiological descrip- tions are associated with these two signs, 7 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • October 2005 REVIEW ARTICLE Magnetic resonance imaging of breast prostheses P Corr FFRad (D) SA P Seolall Nat Dip Rad (D) H Booth Nat Dip Rad (D) Department of Radiology Nelson Mandela School of Medicine and Inkosi Albert Luthuli Hospital Durban pg7-8 9/28/05 1:22 PM Page 7 such as the linguine sign, double wavy sign, key hole sign, noose sign, and inverted tear drop sign.7 Conclusions Breast MR imaging is a reliable and accurate investigation to detect the compli- cation of breast prosthesis implantation. Everson LI, Parantainen H, Detlie T, et al. Diagnosis of breast implant rupture: imaging find- ings and relative efficacies of imaging techniques.


id: sajr-452
author: Dahya, Vijay; Spottiswoode, Bruce S
title: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging - a pictorial review
date: 2010-12-07
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2607
sentence: 158
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-452.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-452.txt
summary:
  Short axis post-contrast T1 image showing diffuse RV infiltration, confirmed on catheter directed myocardial biopsy to represent primary cardiac lymphoma, bulging into and severely narrowing the RV outflow tract (arrow). Short axis image in cardiac amyloidosis.


id: sajr-534
author: du Toit, J; Bam, J A; Mngomezulu, V
title: Endovascular treatment of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation
date: 2009-03-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1638
sentence: 82
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-534.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-534.txt
summary:
  Adult choroidal vein of Galen malformation. CASE REPORT CASE REPORTCASE REPORT Introduction Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) accounts for up to 30% of paediatric vascular malformations.1


id: sajr-707
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3732
sentence: 197
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-707.htm
txt: txt/sajr-707.txt
summary:
  http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfs305 Reddy C, Dybbro PE, Guest S. Fluoroscopically guided percutaneous peritoneal dialysis catheter placement: Single centre experience and review of literature. Percutaneous peritoneal dialysis catheter placement for the management of end-stage renal disease:


id: sajr-366
author: Fani, Gertrude
title: CPD Questionnaire
date: 2011-12-07
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1090
sentence: 66
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-366.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-366.txt
summary:
  The mechanics are that GO RAD simply places hyperlinks from the selected GO RAD articles back to the respective home journal. B. Symptomatic metastasis to the GI tract is seen in 20% of patients.


id: sajr-477
author: Misser, S K
title: Musculoskeletal case - findings and diagnosis
date: 2010-08-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 621
sentence: 37
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-477.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-477.txt
summary:
  Final diagnosis of intradural fibrolipoma located at the conus with tight filum terminale and cord tethering was made. Associated incomplete retrogressive differentiation results in tethered cord syndrome.


id: sajr-607
title: sajr-607
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6421
sentence: 460
flesch: 60
cache: cache/sajr-607.htm
txt: txt/sajr-607.txt
summary:
  therapeutic OC.44 A screening CTC study should be undertaken every five years.1,2 Regardless of OC’s predominance, radiologists need to embrace the new technology, and be prepared and fully trained in all aspects of CTC. Should 40% w/v barium be used in CTC? Top ↑ Use of the relatively high-density barium has several disadvantages and is therefore not recommended for use in CTC examinations.


id: sajr-445
author: Fani, Gertrude
title: CPD Questionnaire
date: 2010-03-11
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 851
sentence: 61
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-445.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-445.txt
summary:
  5. With respect to hydropneumopericar- dium, which one of the following is incorrect? A. Traumatic causes of hydropneumopericardium are more frequent than non-traumatic causes. D. Traditionally, sonography has been used as the initial imaging technique for evaluating patients with sus- pected gallbladder disease.


id: sajr-275
title: SAJR 899
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1216
sentence: 67
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-275.htm
txt: txt/sajr-275.txt
summary:
  Şenocak EU, Oğuz KK, Haliloğlu G, Topçu M, Cila A. Structural abnormalities of the brain other than molar tooth sign in Joubert syndrome-related disorders. Şenocak EU, Oğuz KK, Haliloğlu G, Topçu M, Cila A. Structural abnormalities of the brain other than molar tooth sign in Joubert syndrome-related disorders.


id: sajr-374
author: Cantrell, John
title: Iatrogenic injury of an aberrant right posterior sectoral bile duct
date: 2011-08-15
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 722
sentence: 45
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-374.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-374.txt
summary:
  cbd=common bile duct, cd=cystic duct, chd=common hepatic duct, rhd=right hepatic duct, lhd=left hepatic duct, rasd=right anterior sectoral duct, rpsd=right posterior sectoral duct. Fig. Undiagnosed aberrant bile ducts are a common cause of bile duct injury.2 The incidence of aberrant biliary anatomy is approximately 13 - 25%, with anomalies of the right ducts being the most frequent.2-4 Aberrant right sectoral ducts usually drain into the common hepatic or cystic duct (Fig. 4).


id: sajr-577
author: Emby, Donald Jan; Lancaster, Andrew Harold Swinburne
title: Assessing Cervical Stability: A Reminder
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1128
sentence: 71
flesch: 62
cache: cache/sajr-577.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-577.txt
summary:
  Cervical spine radiographs and a CT scan demonstrate bilateral fractures which have resulted in disruption of the bony ring of C2. Although CT scanning is invaluable for defining bony injury, its inability to satisfactorily demonstrate the spinal soft-tissue structures, particularly the ligaments, makes it an unsuitable modality for excluding instability,2 as the following case illustrates.


id: sajr-45
author: du Plessis, V; Andronikou, S
date: 2007-11-27
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5019
sentence: 202
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-45.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-45.txt
title:
  Is selection for a registrar post in South Africa defined by a preconceived social profile or are candidates selected on academic credentials and work experience?

summary:
  Mid-year estimates for South Africa by population group and sex, 2006 Male Female Total Number % of total Number % of total Number % of total Population group population population population African 18 558 500 79.65 19 104 400 79.4 37 662 900 79.5 Coloured 2 060 000 8.8 2 138 800 8.9 4 198 800 8.9 Indian/Asian 570 200 2.4 593 700 2.5 1 163 900 2.5 White 2 138 900 9.2 2 226 400 9.3 4 365 300 9.2 Total 23 327 600 100 24 063 300 100 47 390 900 100 pg18-23.indd 22 6/13/07 9:21:24 AM ORIGINAL ARTICLEORIGINAL ARTICLE 23 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2007 1. South Africa has a unique political history, and as a result there are government directives pro- moting equal opportunities in order to correct the inequalities of the past.


id: sajr-438
author: Misser, Shalendra Kumar; Royston, Duncan; Motala, Farhana; Coetzee, Christo
title: The enigma of reversible spinal lesions
date: 2010-03-11
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1606
sentence: 94
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-438.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-438.txt
summary:
  With increasing use of MRI scanning in patients with epilepsy, encephalitis or other causes of encephalopathy, increasing numbers of reversible SCC lesions have been described. Whether the SCC contributes to secondary generalisation is a controversial hypothesis equally supported and refuted by various authors.3,4 Anticonvulsant therapies have also been shown to be a pos- sible cause leading to SCC lesion development.5


id: sajr-597
title: sajr-597
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 493
sentence: 38
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-597.htm
txt: txt/sajr-597.txt
summary:
  The martini glass is represented by triangular retrolental fibrovascular tissue and a central tissue stalk of hyaloid remnant extending to the optic disc in Cloquet’s canal (see Figure 1a).5 The retrolental fibrovascular tissue and stalk-like hyaloid remnant are hypointense to isointense on T1- and T2-weighted images and show enhancement post contrast administration. The globe may be hyperintense on T1-weighted images; this may represent either subhyaloid or subretinal fluid with blood degradation products (methaemoglobin) or high protein content (see Figure 1b).11 FIGURE 1: Axial T2-weighted (a) and axial T1-weighted (b) images show the triangular retrolental fibrovascular tissue (arrow 1) and a central tissue stalk of hyaloid remnant in Cloquet's canal (arrow 2) representing the 'martini glass' sign; (b) Micropthalmia and hyperintense vitreous (arrow) on T1-weighted image due to accumulation of blood degradation products or high protein content compared to normal right globe.


id: sajr-42
author: Braude, SC; Henning, LM; Lambert, MI
title: Accuracy of bone assessments for verifying age in adolescents - application in sport
date: 2007-11-27
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2771
sentence: 127
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-42.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-42.txt
summary:
  The limits of agreement between chronological age and skeletal age were -2.4 - 1.4 years. Relationship between the deviations between chronological age and skeletal age and percentiles for body mass (a) and stature (b).


id: sajr-46
author: Modi, M
title: The ectopic posterior pituitary - a short case series
date: 2007-11-27
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1665
sentence: 74
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-46.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-46.txt
summary:
  The sagittal T1-weighted MRI scan demonstrated the high signal intensity posterior pituitary lobe outside the confines of the sella, and a hypoplas- tic adenohypophysis. J Postgrad Med 1999; 45: 81-83. 2. Chen S, Leger J, Garel C, Hassan M, Czernichow P. Growth hormone deficiency with ectopic neurohypoph- ysis: anatomical variations and relationship between the visibility of the pituitary stalk asserted by magnetic resonance imaging and anterior pituitary function.


id: sajr-563
author: Fani, Gertrude
title: CPD Questionnaire
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 907
sentence: 57
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-563.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-563.txt
summary:
  Regarding PET/CT, identify a single false statement: A. PET has the ability to demonstrate abnormal metabolic activity (at the molecular level) in organs that as yet do not show an abnormal appearance based on morphologic criteria. B. Precisely co-registered functional and anatomical images are obtained by performing a PET study and a CT study on the same scanner without moving the patient.


id: sajr-78
author: Corr, P; Lockhart, F
title: Imaging of vertebral haemangiomas - contribution of MR imaging
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1500
sentence: 105
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-78.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-78.txt
summary:
  The prevalence of spinal haemangiomas varies from 10% to 12% from postmortem and radiographic studies.1,2 Sixty per cent of patients with haemangiomas are asympto- matic and are discovered as incidental find- ings on imaging.3 Twenty per cent of patients present with pain, which is usually not related to the spinal haemangioma.3 However approximately 20% of patients become symptomatic with increasing pain related to the haemangioma, or less com- monly with progressive neurological signs with or without signs of spinal cord com- pression.3,4 We present 4 cases to demon- strate the clinical spectrum and imaging findings of spinal haemangiomas.


id: sajr-587
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1887
sentence: 112
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-587.htm
txt: txt/sajr-587.txt
summary:
  Mar. 2014 Published: 08 Dec. 2014 How to cite this article: Singh SN, Sundar G, Satishchandra H. An unusual case of bilateral renal lymphangiectasia. An unusual case of bilateral renal lymphangiectasia In This Case Report... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Ethical considerations • Case presentation • Discussion • Management and outcome • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests    • Authors’ contributions • References Abstract Top ↑ Renal lymphangiectasia is a very rare benign disorder characterised by dilatation of the perirenal and peripelvic lymphatics.


id: sajr-359
title: RADIOGRAPHIC.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 2097
sentence: 121
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-359.htm
txt: txt/sajr-359.txt
summary:
  Differential diagnoses for bilateral symmetrical enlargement of the mandibular rami and anterior symphyseal lesions include ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, cherubism, torus, osteosarcoma and chronic osteomyelitis, but associated syndactyly is absent.8 Bilateral basal ganglia calcification is also present in Fahr syndrome, but it occurs between the age of 30 and 35 years of age. Differential diagnoses include a wide number of syndromes that present with skeletal, ocular, dental and neurological manifestations.


id: sajr-423
author: Ahmed, Aadil
title: Multimodality imaging and interventional management of a complex congenital vascular malformation
date: 2010-06-07
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2059
sentence: 108
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-423.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-423.txt
summary:
  Colour Doppler ultrasound shows vascular malformation (arrow) displacing spleen inferiorly. Vascular malformations are congenital lesions of vascular dysmor- phogenesis, are always present at birth, and enlarge in proportion to the growth of the child.


id: sajr-630
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1914
sentence: 127
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-630.htm
txt: txt/sajr-630.txt
summary:
  Thoracic cage injury imaging in rugby players Imaging approach Top ↑ Plain radiography is often not sufficient for the diagnostic assessment of thoracic cage injuries.


id: sajr-695
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5996
sentence: 406
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-695.htm
txt: txt/sajr-695.txt
summary:
  FIGURE 2: Axial (a) and coronal (b) CT images of a young adult showing acute appendicitis with appendicular wall enhancement and thickening (open arrow) with surrounding fat stranding and fluid (solid arrow). 2 FIGURE 4: CT images of a 30-year-old man with acute appendicitis.


id: sajr-2495
title: sajr-2495
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4558
sentence: 251
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-2495.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2495.txt
summary:
  Keywords: interventionalists; interventional radiology; ionising radiation; radiation cataracts; radiation protection. Radiation cataract.


id: sajr-478
author: Misser, S K
title: Cardiac case - new
date: 2010-08-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 156
sentence: 16
flesch: 66
cache: cache/sajr-478.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-478.txt
summary:
  Post-contrast dynamic axial chest CT, at levels of the aortic arch, pulmonary trunk and left atrium. Fig. 4. Pre-contrast axial chest CT.


id: sajr-51
author: Haagensen, M
title: My personal portable PACS station
date: 2007-11-27
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2318
sentence: 103
flesch: 59
cache: cache/sajr-51.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-51.txt
summary:
  Osirix is a very powerful and fast PACS and DICOM program freely available off the Internet. An open-source software for navigating in multidimensional DICOM images.


id: sajr-497
author: Padayachee, J; Alport, M J; Rae, W ID
title: Mammographic CAD: Correlation of regions in ipsilateral views - a pilot study
date: 2009-08-20
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4896
sentence: 225
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-497.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-497.txt
summary:
  Matching accuracy is defined as a combination of two quantities: the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and contrast between the matched region and its background. Matching accuracy was generally well ( ) ( )⎩ ⎨ ⎧ − ≤≤−− = otherwise5.02 0 and 5.0 if5.02 CAUC CAUCCAUC κ


id: sajr-430
author: Misser, S K
title: Musculoskeletal diagnosis - new case
date: 2010-06-07
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 151
sentence: 16
flesch: 73
cache: cache/sajr-430.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-430.txt
summary:
  Unenhanced axial MRI images with T1-weighted (Fig. 2a) and T2-weighted (Fig. 2b) sequences. Unenhanced sagittal MRI with T1-weighted (Fig. 1a), T2-weighted (Fig.1b) and T2-weighted (Fig. 1c) sequences.


id: sajr-709
title: sajr-709
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 862
sentence: 55
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-709.htm
txt: txt/sajr-709.txt
summary:
  The lesion resulting from humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) is an important cause of anterior glenohumeral instability and can be seen in isolation or combination with an antero-inferior labral complex lesion. Case report Top ↑ A 16-year-old rugby player, with a four-month history of injury to his right shoulder, presented with anterior glenohumeral instability.


id: sajr-564
author: Lotz, Jan
title: PET-CT meltdown is looming
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 340
sentence: 14
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-564.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-564.txt
summary:
  I was hoping to publish an editorial by a renowned overseas expert in the field of PET-CT; this has not been possible but I hope it will appear in the next issue of the SAJR. Developments around PET-CT are of critical importance to state-of- the-art medicine in this country.


id: sajr-535
author: Lemire, E G; Wiebe, S
title: Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis: An under-recognised cause of short stature
date: 2009-03-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1040
sentence: 56
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-535.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-535.txt
summary:
  In girls with short stature, Turner syndrome is frequently considered in the differential diagnosis and can easily be ruled out with chromosome analysis. Disproportionately short stature was observed in our patient, which led us to suspect LWD.


id: sajr-439
author: Horn, A R; Nel, A; Urban, M F
title: Bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia – neonatal cranial ultrasound.
date: 2010-03-11
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 599
sentence: 31
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-439.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-439.txt
summary:
  Antenatal ultrasound (US) performed at 28 weeks’ gestation showed mild lateral cerebral ventricle dilatation, but no other fetal anomalies. Bilateral.indd 13 2/26/10 9:47:47 AM PICTORIAL INTERLUDE PICTORIAL INTERLUDE 14 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • March 2010 than 50% of cases, is due to mutations of the X-linked Filamin A gene.2 Most affected females develop seizures, with variable age of onset and type.


id: sajr-66
author: Andronikou, S; Wieselthaler, N; Bertelsmann, J
title: Paediatric HRCT of the chest - help for the general radiologist
date: 2005-04-04
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3870
sentence: 255
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-66.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-66.txt
summary:
  Computed tomography of diffuse interstitial lung disease in children. They can occur with fibrosis and scarring or atelectasis associat- ed with fibrosis and are most often seen in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (chronic lung disease).


id: sajr-732
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1712
sentence: 92
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-732.htm
txt: txt/sajr-732.txt
summary:
  FIGURE 6: Short axis T2 FS MR image of the foot demonstrating an intermetatarsal bursitis. FIGURE 9: Short axis T2 FS MR image of the foot demonstrating oedema in the medial sesamoid (arrow) owing to sesamoid stress changes.


id: sajr-570
author: Naidoo, L; Nanan, A
title: Post-traumatic cholesteatoma... a rare occurrence
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1574
sentence: 92
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-570.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-570.txt
summary:
  They were first described in German literature by doctors reviewing World War I blast victims,1 with the first definitive series by Eckel in 1966.2 He described three cases of post-traumatic cholesteatomas and made postulations on their origin. Pre- operative CT establishes the type of surgical procedure as it determines the extent of the cholesteatoma, ocular chain involvement, facial canal integrity, and tegmen tympani and dural plate involvement.5 We report two cases of post-traumatic cholesteatomas that caused extensive middle ear destruction that developed many years following trauma.


id: sajr-609
title: sajr-609
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1560
sentence: 101
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-609.htm
txt: txt/sajr-609.txt
summary:
  We will serve the public more responsibly and ethically when research designed to reduce the likelihood that we will be misled by bias and the play of chance has become an expected element of professional and policymaking practice, not an optional add-on.10 Universal adoption of systematic reviews in radiology and other healthcare disciplines will ensure that patients benefit from health research and that healthcare resources are used efficiently. This could be a golden opportunity for radiologists in South Africa to provide leadership in increasing value and decreasing waste in health research, through routine use of systematic reviews when making healthcare decisions and designing new studies.


id: sajr-448
author: Lotz, Jan
title: A clarion call to South African Radiology
date: 2010-12-07
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1677
sentence: 63
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-448.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-448.txt
summary:
  To place his piece in context, one has to at least have paged through the special June 2010 edition of Clinical Radiology on molecular imaging (MI).1 The introductory article explains the role of small molecules in the form of peptides or antibodies that are linked to an imaging label and are destined to attach to a tumour antigen. A clarion call to South African Radiology I was delighted and flattered when Jan Lotz invited me to contribute to the South African Journal of Radiology; although, if you were aware of how little I know about molecular imaging (MI – yet another acronym to confuse with MR), you might reasonably be wondering why on earth he approached me.


id: sajr-486
author: Korf, A; Herbst, C P; Rae, W ID
title: The relationship between compression force, image quality and radiation dose in mammography
date: 2009-11-30
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4134
sentence: 200
flesch: 63
cache: cache/sajr-486.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-486.txt
summary:
  This study investigates the relationship between compression force, phantom thickness, image quality and radiation dose. Image quality is assessed with a contrast-detail phantom within Superflab phantom on a computed radiography (CR) mammography unit using automatic exposure control (AEC).


id: sajr-552
author: Ismail, F; Holl, J; Lockhat, Z; Akande, H
title: Unusual mammography findings of patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast.
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2040
sentence: 97
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-552.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-552.txt
summary:
  Therefore, it is important to bear in mind that ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) may present with multifocal or multicentric disease (as demonstrated in our first case), which implies that all visible lesions should be biopsied and that it is necessary to con- sider doing a single-view baseline mammogram in young patients with breast disease so that abnormal calcification patterns are not missed (highlighted in our second case). Sonographic assessment of breast calcifications.


id: sajr-460
author: Van Wyk, M J; Mahomed, N
title: The hilum overlay sign in a child
date: 2010-12-07
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1332
sentence: 74
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-460.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-460.txt
summary:
  The presence or disruption of mediastinal lines may further aid in the localisation of The hilum overlay sign in a child M J van Wyk, MB ChB N Mahomed, MB BCh, FCRad (Diag) (SA) Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Fig. Diagnostic imaging of mediastinal masses in children.


id: sajr-69
author: Modi, M
title: Lobular carcinoma of the breast - an unusual presentation
date: 2005-04-04
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 224
sentence: 18
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-69.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-69.txt
summary:
  untitled The patient, a 44-year-old woman from Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, was a para 5 gravida 5 post-menopausal woman, who had breastfed her children for 2 years in total. The histological finding was that of bilateral invasive lobular carcinoma.


id: sajr-578
author: Steyn, F JS; Bellow, N; Takawira, F
title: Unusual case of pulmonary valve atresia
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1292
sentence: 60
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-578.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-578.txt
summary:
  In the past, this anomaly was termed pseudo- truncus or truncus arteriosus type 4.1,5,8 PA-VSD demonstrates a wide spectrum of severity, depending on the degree of pulmonary artery development.2 Pathologically, PA-VSD is frequently considered the most severe end of the spectrum of TOF, but controversy exists as to whether PA-VSD and TOF should be treated as two distinct entities.4-7 Unlike PA-VSD, patients with the standard type of TOF with pulmonary atresia have pulmonary arteries that are usually normal in size with normal peripheral pulmonary arborisation. The association of pulmonary atresia (PA) with anoma- lous origin of the left pulmonary artery and an absent right pulmonary artery is, however, a very rare occurrence.3-5 The best estimates of the relative frequency of PA-VSD are 2.5 - 3.4% of all congenital cardiac malformations.3,5-7 PA-VSD is slightly more prevalent in males than in females.3 Case report We report on a 12-year-old boy who was referred to our cardiology ser- vice for evaluation due to his decreased effort tolerance, palpitations and coughing up of blood-stained sputum.


id: sajr-81
author: Bayat, M RH; Mahomedy, S; Misser, S K; Corr, P
title: Pancreatic hyatid cyst mimicking a choledochal cyst
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1396
sentence: 86
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-81.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-81.txt
summary:
  5. Ismail K, Haluk GI, Necati O. Surgical treatment of hydatid cysts of the pancreas. Hydatid cyst of the pancreas: a case report with 5 years’ follow-up.


id: sajr-375
author: Mahomed, Nasreen; Malatji, Phaku; Andronikou, Savvas; Modi, Mala; Nagdee, I A
title: Endovascular embolisation of a cervical spinal AVF in a patient with NF1
date: 2011-08-15
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1486
sentence: 60
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-375.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-375.txt
summary:
  Endovascular techniques is the first-line management for cervical spinal AVFs, but may need to be performed in combination with surgery for large fistulae with multiple collateral feeders, as described in this patient. Management of spinal AVFs can be endovascular or surgical.


id: sajr-887
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1727
sentence: 91
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-887.htm
txt: txt/sajr-887.txt
summary:
  Krabbe disease – An unusual presentation of optic nerve enlargement In This Case Report... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction    • Case 1    • Case 2 • Discussion • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests    • Authors’ contributions • References Abstract Top ↑ Krabbe disease is an autosomal recessive leukodystrophy that presents clinically with regression of milestones, excessive irritability and inconsolable crying. Although optic atrophy is a classic presentation of Krabbe disease, we report on two patients who are biological brothers presenting with optic nerve enlargement in addition to other typical magnetic resonance imaging features of Krabbe disease, thereby confounding the initial diagnosis.


id: sajr-790
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2112
sentence: 116
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-790.htm
txt: txt/sajr-790.txt
summary:
  Despite the various benefits associated with PACS implementation, it is not yet clear what referring physicians think of such systems. A critical analysis of the data collected indicated that most referring physicians perceive PACS to be beneficial.


id: sajr-852
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2675
sentence: 128
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-852.htm
txt: txt/sajr-852.txt
summary:
  This article aims to highlight review areas and ‘do not miss’ lesions over and above the known and easily recognised injuries often sought when analysing computed tomography (CT) brains for head injury. Approximately 4% of head injuries were due to assault.


id: sajr-929
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2368
sentence: 163
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-929.htm
txt: txt/sajr-929.txt
summary:
  It is found in approximately 50% of families with X-linked hearing loss.23 Most of the other types of X-linked hearing loss, such as X-linked deafness type 3 (DFNX3, DFN4), show no evidence of radiographic abnormalities of the temporal bone. The combination of clinical and imaging findings in this patient are characteristic of IP type-III, which is often also referred to as X-linked deafness type 2 (DFNX2).1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 This inner ear anomaly is a rare congenital cause of progressive mixed (conductive and sensorineural) hearing loss.


id: sajr-75
author: Duncan, I C
title: Pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and the thrombotic microangiopathic syndromes of pregnanacy
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3156
sentence: 183
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-75.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-75.txt
summary:
  contents TIB Introduction The pregnancy-related syndromes of pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, the Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelets or HELLP syndrome, and the Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura/Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (TTP/HUS) are a group of disorders shar- ing various clinical and pathogenetic fea- tures, principally related to endothelial damage and development of thrombotic microangiopathy triggered by pregnancy. HELLP syndrome occurs to some degree in about 4 - 39% of women with pre-eclampsia.


id: sajr-453
author: du Plessis, Andre Tertius
title: Digital teaching files – a useful teaching tool for the modern radiologist
date: 2010-12-07
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4011
sentence: 194
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-453.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-453.txt
summary:
  DTF system software and hardware should be compatible with a variety of image formats and should also seamlessly interface with departmental hardware (and software/PACS) to allow direct transfer of images and DTF case creation.1 Compatibility should be PACS vendor-independent and ideally the interface should be built on the IHE TCE (Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise Teaching File and Clinical Trial Export) protocol. Web interface software is ideal in this situation, minimising software installation on the user PC. Advantages of DTF v. traditional image libraries Several advantages of DTF systems are apparent;3 the most prominent are: • Cost-effectiveness.


id: sajr-470
author: Cilliers, A; Schulenburg, D H; Janse van Rensburg, J
date: 2010-08-30
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3769
sentence: 176
flesch: 59
cache: cache/sajr-470.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-470.txt
title:
  MRI determination of the vertebral termination of the dural sac tip in a South African population: clinical significance during spinal irradiation and caudal anaesthesia

summary:
  Table I. Comparison of DS tip levels by race Level of DS tip No. of patients (%) p-value Black (N=118) White (N=191) Comparison of DS tip levels by gender Level of DS tip No. of patients (%) p-value Male (N=133)


id: sajr-957
title: sajr-957
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1947
sentence: 112
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-957.htm
txt: txt/sajr-957.txt
summary:
  This pattern is non-specific and can be seen in primary or metastatic tumours as well as in tumefactive demyelinating lesions. BOX 1: Imaging features suggestive of Tumefactive demyelinating lesions.


id: sajr-588
title: sajr-588
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2973
sentence: 146
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-588.htm
txt: txt/sajr-588.txt
summary:
  Our secondary objective was to assess the relationship between radiation dose and clinical scenario. The associated ionising radiation has raised concern as it is the dominant contributor to radiation dose from medical x-rays.


id: sajr-98
author: Duncan, I.C.
title: Re: The hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign in a polycythaemic child
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 662
sentence: 33
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-98.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-98.txt
summary:
  A mildly hyperdense appearance of the right internal carotid termination and adjacent proximal M1 segment of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) was noted, more so than seen in other adjacent vessels, but not strikingly so (Fig. 1a). Hyperdense middle cerebral arteries identi- fied on CT as a false sign of vascular occlusion.


id: sajr-634
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4456
sentence: 244
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-634.htm
txt: txt/sajr-634.txt
summary:
  Radiographer labour costs were used to calculate the minimum and maximum total costs. A comparative cost analysis of picture archiving and communications systems (PACS) versus conventional radiology in the private sector In This Original Article... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Background • Methods       • Ethical considerations • Results    • Capital costs of PACS and conventional radiography    • Productivity gains    • Time and motion study for PACS vs. conventional radiology    • User satisfaction survey • Discussion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests • References Abstract Top ↑ Background: Radiology is rapidly advancing, with a global transition to digital imaging technology to improve productivity and enhance communication.


id: sajr-70
author: Smilg, J
title: Mammography - any alternative imaging in 2005?
date: 2005-04-04
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 996
sentence: 60
flesch: 60
cache: cache/sajr-70.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-70.txt
summary:
  From 1998 to 1999, 11 507 new cases of breast cancer were reported in South Africa, comprising ± 19% of all cancers reported in the 2 years.1 However, the same source indicates that over the last 10 years there has been a 20% increase in survival primarily due to early diagnosis and improved treatments.1 The importance of early diagnosis can- not, therefore, be emphasised enough and since the early 1970s mammography has remained the mainstay of early detection of breast cancer. However, it is an excellent problem-solving tool and may be useful for screening younger women at high risk for breast cancer, viz.


id: sajr-598
title: sajr-598
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4350
sentence: 257
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-598.htm
txt: txt/sajr-598.txt
summary:
  Method: A descriptive retrospective study was undertaken of CT brain scans done during a 12-month period at a tertiary provincial hospital in the Northern Tshwane district of Gauteng, South Africa. CT brain scans of all patients suspected of having intracranial pathology, referred for brain imaging, were considered.


id: sajr-536
author: Lotz, J
title: Radioactive News
date: 2009-03-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1271
sentence: 53
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-536.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-536.txt
summary:
  All aspects of the organisation, under the enthusiastic direction of congress chair- man Professor Leon Janse van Rensburg, were run with precision and efficiency and rated by the faculty as ideal. From left to right: Leon Janse van Rensburg (RSSA), Hans Kauczor (Germany), Wolfgang Schima (Austria and ICIS President), Jay P Heiken (USA), Richard Gore (USA), Vincent Chong (Singapore).


id: sajr-499
author: Meerkotter, D; Andronikou, S
date: 2009-08-20
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1491
sentence: 101
flesch: 61
cache: cache/sajr-499.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-499.txt
title:
  Unusual presentation and inconlusive biopsy render fibroadenoma in two young females a diagnostic dilemma

summary:
  This type of infarction is not common but has been documented follow- ing FNA of thyroid nodules, salivary glands, breast fibroadenomas, lymph nodes and renal cell carcinomas. Pediatr Radiol 2004; 34: 988- 990. 4. Ichihara S, Matsuyama T, Kubo K, Tamura Z, Aoyama H. Infarction of breast fibroadenoma in a postmeno- pausal woman.


id: sajr-670
title: sajr-670
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1778
sentence: 108
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-670.htm
txt: txt/sajr-670.txt
summary:
  Coronal fat-saturated PD image demonstrates adductor aponeurotic tear on the left (white arrow); (d) Common adductor-rectus abdominis tear in a 30-year-old professional rugby player with left groin pain of 3 weeks’ duration. FIGURE 6: Osteitis pubis in a 21-year-old soccer player with left groin pain.


id: sajr-60
author: Ackermann, C; Andronikou, S
title: The dumbo guide to diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)
date: 2007-11-26
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 905
sentence: 80
flesch: 65
cache: cache/sajr-60.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-60.txt
summary:
  Either echoplanar SE or a fast GRE.2 Parameters affecting the signal • ‘b’-value: The degree of diffusion sensitivity. ADC is calculated from the signal intensities of images acquired with varying magnitudes of diffusion sensitivity (b-values) and repre- sented as an image (Figs 2 a - c).


id: sajr-903
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4968
sentence: 260
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-903.htm
txt: txt/sajr-903.txt
summary:
  Imaging in anorectal malformations: What does the surgeon need to know? Imaging in anorectal malformations: What does the surgeon need to know?


id: sajr-73
author: Corr, P; Panday, S; Seolall, P; Booth, H
title: Magnetic resonance imaging of invasive breast cancer
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1933
sentence: 83
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-73.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-73.txt
summary:
  Introduction The role of MR imaging in the diagno- sis of breast cancer is not clearly defined, however this modality is becoming impor- tant in breast imaging to solve problematic cases where the mammogram is inconclu- sive.1 MR imaging is highly sensitive to the detection of focal breast masses, approach- ing 100%, but not very specific for cancer, varying from 37% to 70% in most series.1 This is the reason why breast MR imaging is relegated to a second-line imaging inves- tigation. Hlawatsch A, Tiefke A, Schmidt M, Thelen M. Preoperative assessment of breast cancer: sonogra- phy vs MR imaging.


id: sajr-461
author: Misser, S K
title: Cardiological diagnosis
date: 2010-12-07
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 734
sentence: 35
flesch: 33
cache: cache/sajr-461.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-461.txt
summary:
  Diagnosis of heterotaxy syndrome (with polysplenia, azygous continuation of the IVC, repaired atrial septal defect and pulmonary arterial hypertension) was made, with incidental associated mild aortic coarctation and left renal dysplasia. These are divided broadly into those which are complete (situs inversus totalis) or incomplete (heterotaxy syndromes).


id: sajr-487
author: Perumal, Nalini S; Vangu, Mboyo-Di-Tamba H; Purbhoo, Khushica; Dhoodhat, Shireen
title: Chilaiditi's syndrome demonstrated by SPECT/CT
date: 2009-11-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1537
sentence: 71
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-487.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-487.txt
summary:
  The CT scans for localisation on the same imaging machine (hybrid equipment) show air in the area of no gallium uptake, suggest- ing the clinical diagnosis of Chilaiditi’s syndrome. 11/19/09 2:27:10 PM CASE REPORT CASE REPORT 96 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • December 2009 flexure, the CT component should confirm the presence of air in symptomatic or asymptomatic patients with Chilaiditi’s syndrome.


id: sajr-43
author: Carim, I; Carim, H; Modi, M
date: 2007-11-27
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2378
sentence: 127
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-43.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-43.txt
title:
  Bronchial artery embolisation for the treatment of massive haemoptysis resulting from pulmonary tuberculosis

summary:
  Bronchial artery embolisation for the treatment of massive haemoptysis resulting from pulmonary tuberculosis I Carim, MB BCh, FCRad(D) H Carim, MB BCh, DCH (SA) M Modi, MB BCh, MMed, FCRad(D) Division of Radiology, Department of Radiation Sciences, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital and the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Table I. PTB and HIV status Pulmonary tuberculosis status Retroviral status CD4 counts (cells/mm3) Bronchial artery embolisation for haemoptysis: immediate and long-term results.


id: sajr-479
author: Beningfield, S
date: 2010-08-30
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3169
sentence: 145
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-479.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-479.txt
title:
  Reports on the second RSSA short course on Current Ethical Issues in Radiology, the first RSSA/SGR Gastrointestinal Radiology Course, and abstracts of oral presentations at the first RSSA/SGR GI Radiology Course

summary:
  The faculty, standing from left to right: Professor Steve Benningfield (UCT, Scientific Committee Chair), Dr Christine Menias (USA), Professor Jonathan Kruskal (USA), Professor Erik Paulsen (USA),Professor Sat Somers (Canada), Dr Clive Sperryn (RSSA president), Professor Mickael Federle (USA), Sitting: Professor Jay P Heiken (SGR president) and Professor Leon J van Rensburg (RSSA Congress Chair). All shunt occlusions (N=1) or partial thromboses (N=2) were detected by post-operative Doppler ultrasound.


id: sajr-6
title: SAJR 917
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1282
sentence: 95
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-6.htm
txt: txt/sajr-6.txt
summary:
  Percutaneous biopsy of adrenal and extra-adrenal retroperitoneal lesions: Beware of catecholamine secreting tumours! Percutaneous biopsy of adrenal and extra-adrenal retroperitoneal lesions: Beware of catecholamine secreting tumours!


id: sajr-454
author: Scheepers, Shaun; Andronikou, Savvas
title: Beware the bifid rib!
date: 2010-12-07
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 562
sentence: 25
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-454.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-454.txt
summary:
  Plain radiography often reveals bony and pleural involvement in addition to chest deformities.2 It can be concluded for small, non-tender lesions isolated to the anterior chest wall that demonstrate no history of interval growth, that clinical examination and chest radiography may suffice, with ultrasound as backup.5 1. Glass R, Norton K, Mitre S, Kang E. Pediatric ribs: A spectrum of abnormalities. RadioGraphics 2002;22:87-104. 2. Donnelly L, Frush D, Foss J, O’Hara S, Bisset III G. Anterior chest wall: Frequency of anatomic variations in children.


id: sajr-571
author: Wahab, S; Khan, R A; Ullah, E; Wahab, A
title: Is MRI as safe as we think?
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2417
sentence: 113
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-571.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-571.txt
summary:
  According to the latest guidelines from the USA’s Food and Drug Administration (FDA), clinical MR systems using static magnetic fields up to 8.0 Tesla are considered ‘a non-significant risk’ for patients above the age of 1 month.5 Bioeffects due to time-varying gradient magnetic fields During MR procedures, gradient magnetic fields may stimulate nerves or muscles by means of induction. Most of these studies concluded that exposure to static magnetic fields produces no significant bioeffects.


id: sajr-579
author: Ismail, Farzanah; Lockhat, Zarina; Sathekge, Mike; Khan, Nausheen; van de Werke, Irma
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1536
sentence: 83
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-579.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-579.txt
title:
  Metastatic calcification as a result of extensive bone metastases in a paediatric patient with Parameningeal Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma

summary:
  CASE REPORT CASE REPORT 10 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • April 2008 CASE REPORT Abstract We present a case of parameningeal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma with the primary lesion arising in the middle and inner ear, with associated diffuse skeletal metastases and metastatic calcifications. Pg 10-12.indd 11 4/16/08 9:40:20 AM CASE REPORT CASE REPORT 12 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • April 2008 Metastatic calcification may occur in patients with chronic renal failure, primary hyperparathyroidism, extensive bone malignancy, hypervitaminosis D, diffuse myelomatosis, and milk-alkali syndrome.4 Metastatic calcification may occur in the presence or absence of hyper- calcaemia and is therefore not a prerequisite.


id: sajr-760
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1271
sentence: 68
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-760.htm
txt: txt/sajr-760.txt
summary:
  The clinical correlation of intractable seizures with the presence of bilateral intracranial disease has management and prognostic implications, thus making the presence of bilateral disease an important factor to all those involved in the management of the child with Sturge-Weber syndrome. Patients with bilateral intracranial disease are usually more severely affected with intractable seizures; therefore the diagnosis of unexpected bilateral SWS is clinically important as urther ischaemic injury reduces the cortex to a calcified non-functioning mantle.3 Diagnosis of SWS is usually made on clinical findings, and imaging is useful for confirming the diagnosis.


id: sajr-565
author: Koen, Liebner; Herbst, Charles; Rae, William
title: Computed Radiography Exposure Indices in Mammography
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2801
sentence: 116
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-565.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-565.txt
summary:
  Results In Table I, the conversion factors for converting entrance exposure to average glandular dose are shown for each kV and half-value layer, respectively. In combining the fitted equations at different beam qualities and plotting the fitted parameters against kV, it was possible to obtain a unified equa- tion for average glandular dose as a function of SAL/lgM and kilovoltage.


id: sajr-553
author: Gajjar, Himal; Levy, Anthony
title: Imaging of appendicitis
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2182
sentence: 137
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-553.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-553.txt
summary:
  Singh A, Danrad R, Hahn P, Blake M, Mueller P, Novelline R. MR imaging of the acute abdomen and pelvis: acute appendicitis and beyond. Imaging also allows evaluation of the complications of appendicitis, which include perforation, peri-appen- diceal abscess formation and portal pyaemia.


id: sajr-85
author: Modi, M; Mochan, A; Modi, G; Hale, M J
title: Haemorrhage in intracranial tuberculosis
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1748
sentence: 100
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-85.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-85.txt
summary:
  Roh J, Kang D. A case of tuberculous meningi- tis complicated by intracerebral haemorrhage. untitled Introduction Intracranial tuberculosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries where tuberculosis is endemic.1 In the central nervous system tuberculosis manifests as cerebritis, cerebral abscess, tuberculoma, and tubercu- lous meningitis (TBM).1-5 TBM is thought to arise from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) seeding of a ruptured pial or subependymal granuloma.2-5 Tuberculomata result from haemato- genous dissemination and histologi- cally are granulomas with central areas of caseous necrosis.2-5 Tuberculomata may develop whilst patients are on treatment for TB.6 The co-occurrence of intracranial tuberculoma and TBM is well recog- nized.2-5 Medical therapy is effective for both forms, with a high cure rate in TBM, and a regression in size of the lesion with improvement of neuro- logical deficit in tuberculoma.1-6 Deterioration in patients with TBM is caused by the development of obstructive hydrocephalus or cerebral infarction on the basis of endarteri- tis.1-7 Deterioration in patients with tuberculoma may result from para- doxical expansion of the lesion, poor treatment compliance, and postulated haemorrhage into the tuberculoma.5,6 Intracranial haemorrhage as a com- plication of TBM has been described, albeit rarely.8-16 There are a few case reports of patients with TBM compli- cated by intraventricular, intracerebral and subarachnoid haemorrhage on an aneurysmal or non-aneurysmal basis.8-16


id: sajr-49
author: Ahmed, A; Pitcher, G
title: Umbilical vein variation - case of an umbilical vein draining into the portal venous system
date: 2007-11-27
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 569
sentence: 35
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-49.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-49.txt
summary:
  Umbilical vein variation – case of an umbilical vein draining into the portal venous system A Ahmed, MB BCh, FCRad(D) Division of Radiology, Department of Radiation Sciences, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg G Pitcher, MB BCh, FCS(SA) Department of Paediatric Surgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg Fig. 1. 36 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2007 Umbilical venous anomalies are not a common occurrence, and when encountered, they encompass a spectrum of variations.


id: sajr-888
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2485
sentence: 171
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-888.htm
txt: txt/sajr-888.txt
summary:
  In This Pictorial Essay... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction    • Umbilical catheters       • Umbilical venous catheter (UVC)       • Anomalous positions       • Complications       • Umbilical arterial catheter (UAC)       • Complications       • Endotracheal tube (ETT)       • Complications       • Nasogastric tube (NGT)       • Complications       • Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS)       • Complications       • Others • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests • References • Appendix 1: Self-test Questions    • Where is the line/tube? Abstract Top ↑ Radiologists are confronted with a spectrum of catheters placed in various locations in routine radiology practice and have to be familiar with the different catheters, their uses and acceptable positioning for suggested safe practice. The American College of Radiology (ACR) recommends a CXR immediately following placement of indwelling tubes, catheters and other devices to check their positions and detect procedure-related complications.1 Umbilical catheters Umbilical venous catheter


id: sajr-710
title: sajr-710
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1231
sentence: 91
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-710.htm
txt: txt/sajr-710.txt
summary:
  Repair of distal biceps tendon rupture is therefore generally always important.2 The biceps tendon is also a weak flexor and passive stabiliser of the shoulder. Patients may still be able to use the biceps muscle, because of the intact short head of the biceps tendon which rarely tears.3 Proximal biceps tears do not always need surgical repair (depending on the patient’s functionality), but distal tears need to be repaired.


id: sajr-59
author: Beningfield, S
title: Curved-needle approach to high right subphrenic collections
date: 2007-11-26
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1044
sentence: 58
flesch: 61
cache: cache/sajr-59.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-59.txt
summary:
  March 2007 Careful visualisation of the advancement of the needle to ensure that the diaphragm is not traversed is also important, with intermittent fluoroscopy and ultrasound to confirm needle position in relation to the diaphragm. Longer needles are not always readily available, and may still be defeated by awkward angles and intervening portal structures.


id: sajr-58
author: Przybojewski, SJ; Griffith-Richards, SB; Strachan, M; Vadachia, Y; Kathan, DL
title: 'Migrating' intraventricular neurocysticercus cyst
date: 2007-11-26
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1478
sentence: 73
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-58.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-58.txt
summary:
  Patients with parenchymal cysts normally present with sei- zures, whereas patients with intraventricular cysts usually present with headaches, vomiting and visual disturbances as a result of hydrocephalus which is potentially fatal.1,2,5,6 The 4th ventricle is the most common intraventricular site2,5 probably because of gravity or direct entry via the choroid plexus.6 Cysts can degenerate in the ventricular system causing an ependymal reaction identifiable on contrast-enhanced MRI and can lead to permanent neurological complications.2 25 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • March 2007 ‘Migrating’ intraventricular neurocysticercus cyst S J Przybojewski, MB ChB, Dip Pec (SA), MMedRad (D), FCRad (D) S B Griffith-Richards, MB ChB M Strachan, MB ChB, LMCC Y Vadachia, MB ChB, MMed Rad (D) D L Kathan, MB ChB, MSc, MBA Department of Radiology, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital Fig. pg25-27.indd 25 2/26/07 1:53:26 PM CASE REPORT CASE REPORT 26 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • March 2007 CASE REPORT Before the advent of MRI, intraventricular cysts were difficult to diagnose noninvasively.2 Previously used invasive procedures included contrast and CT ventriculography.2 MRI is currently the most useful imaging tool for NCC4,5 and is superior to


id: sajr-818
title: sajr-818
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3041
sentence: 153
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-818.htm
txt: txt/sajr-818.txt
summary:
  Percutaneous core-needle biopsy has become the method of choice for the pathologic evaluation of clinically occult breast lesions.10 Vacuum-assisted biopsy is currently preferred to core-needle biopsy, especially for subclinical lesions and lesions displaying microcalcifications.11 SVAB was introduced in 1995 and allows better characterisation of breast lesions than conventional core-needle biopsy by employing larger gauge needles, thus yielding larger tissue specimens12,13 with a sensitivity and a predictive negative value of more than 99%.12 Utilisation of larger gauge needles yields more representative tissue samples (Figure 2), so decreasing the likelihood of false-negative or false-positive findings.9 FIGURE 2: Stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy specimen view for documentation purposes and confirmation of intra-lesional microcalcifications. Positive predictive value for malignancy on surgical excision of breast lesions of uncertain malignant potential (B3) diagnosed by stereotactic vacuum-assisted needle core biopsy (VANCB):


id: sajr-537
author: Fani, Gertrude
title: CPD Questinnaire
date: 2009-03-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1100
sentence: 60
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-537.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-537.txt
summary:
  7. Regarding vein of Galen aneurysm, all the following are false except: A. Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation is divided into choroidal and mural types, based on the venous drainage. B. Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation accounts for up to 50% of paediatric vascu- lar malformations.


id: sajr-792
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1820
sentence: 106
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-792.htm
txt: txt/sajr-792.txt
summary:
  MRI signal characteristics of CAB lesions include T1-weighted low-to-intermediate signal intensity depending on the internal fat content within the lesion. Corresponding T2-weighted high-signal intensity is shown in CAB lesions owing to vascular and cystic/fluid components.2 There is a wide differential diagnosis (Table 2) for CAB.


id: sajr-92
author: Andronikou, S.; Patel, M.; Sinclair, P.; McCulloch, M
title: Hypertensive encephalopathy with CT confirmatin in four children with acute renal disease
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1711
sentence: 97
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-92.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-92.txt
summary:
  Post-contrast CT scan of the brain demon- strates bilateral parafalcine areas of low density in the posterior parietal and occipital white matter (straight arrows). Axial post-contrast CT scan of the brain shows bilateral parafalcine posterior parietal white matter low densities (arrows) without associated enhancement.


id: sajr-462
author: Misser, S K; Mercouris, P
title: Musculoskeletar case - new
date: 2010-12-07
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 135
sentence: 13
flesch: 64
cache: cache/sajr-462.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-462.txt
summary:
  Musculoskeletal case S K Misser, MB ChB, FCRad (D) P Mercouris, MB BCh, FF Rad Lake Smit and Partners, Durban Fig. Serial axial fat-suppressed proton density MRI sequences.


id: sajr-1014
title: sajr-1014
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3156
sentence: 166
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-1014.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1014.txt
summary:
  However, high failure rates, necessitating splenectomy, have been reported for observational NOM alone in patients with American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grades III to V splenic injuries and those demonstrated to have vascular injuries.1,2,3 Splenic artery embolisation (SAE) has increasingly been utilised as an adjunct to NOM in order to improve splenic salvage rates.2,4,5,6,7 Patients with suspected splenic trauma who are candidates for NOM should have a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan to evaluate and grade the extent of injury.4 CT can accurately assess the severity of splenic injury using the AAST grade, estimate the volume of haemoperitoneum, characterise vascular injuries and help direct appropriate therapy.3,8 The primary purpose of this study was to determine the splenic salvage rate in the NOM of blunt splenic injury. Results: Between January 2005 and April 2010, 60 patients with splenic injury following blunt trauma underwent NOM, which included splenic artery embolisation (SAE).


id: sajr-530
author: Knobel, G J (Deon)
title: The role of the expert witness in court
date: 2009-03-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1006
sentence: 29
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-530.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-530.txt
summary:
  Therefore, the attitude of witnesses and expert witnesses alike is very often still that of giving evidence ‘for the accused’ or ‘for the defence’. Expert witness for the prosecution?


id: sajr-1029
title: sajr-1029
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 305
sentence: 24
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-1029.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1029.txt
summary:
  FIGURE 2: Sagittal (a) and (b) axial images of the abdomen in venous phase after intravenous contrast administration. FIGURE 7: Axial SWI MR images (a and b).


id: sajr-959
title: sajr-959
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2957
sentence: 177
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-959.htm
txt: txt/sajr-959.txt
summary:
  Abstract Background: Uterine artery embolisation for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids is a relatively new but internationally recognised procedure. Randomised comparison of uterine artery embolisation (UAE) with surgical treatment in patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids (REST trial): 5-year results.


id: sajr-471
author: Grobbelaar, Marie; Andronikou, Savvas
date: 2010-08-30
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2830
sentence: 131
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-471.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-471.txt
title:
  Is airway diameter measured accurately on routine axial CT scans? Comparison with true axial diameter using MPR in children with airway compression owing to pulmonary TB

summary:
  ORIGINAL ARTICLE 61 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • September 2010 Conclusion The degree of central airway stenoses is accurately assessed on axial images, obviating the need to perform MPR to obtain a true axial diameter of the airways in children. This process affords the opportunity to study aspects of CT relating to airway stenosis.


id: sajr-610
title: sajr-610
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 496
sentence: 27
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-610.htm
txt: txt/sajr-610.txt
summary:
  I therefore happily announce that the SAJR will now publish exclusively online, with no print copy, except inter alia a copy for the National Archives of South Africa. Although not in continuous print, it nevertheless documented the development of South African radiology, serving as a repository for the mostly unique and always interesting cases.


id: sajr-673
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2212
sentence: 141
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-673.htm
txt: txt/sajr-673.txt
summary:
  Spigelian hernia is a rare form of anterior abdominal wall hernia. Introduction Top ↑ Computed tomography (CT) has been shown to produce the most accurate imaging in the diagnosis of Spigelian hernia.


id: sajr-990
title: sajr-990
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3015
sentence: 147
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-990.htm
txt: txt/sajr-990.txt
summary:
  Lesion detection, localisation and categorisation certainty: For the 261 lesions seen on the planar images in the SPECT FOV, lesion detection was definite in 233 (89.3%), localisation was definite in 151 (57.9%) and categorisation was definite in 123 (47.1%) lesions (Tables 2, 3 and 4). SPECT images were reconstructed using the Flash 3D ordered subset expectation maximisation (OSEM)


id: sajr-701
title: sajr-701
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1231
sentence: 90
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-701.htm
txt: txt/sajr-701.txt
summary:
  Post-traumatic myositis ossificans In This Case report... Open Access • Abstract • Case report • Discussion    • Conventional radiographs    • Ultrasound    • Computed tomography    • Isotope bone scans    • Magnetic resonance imaging • Differential diagnosis • Treatment • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests • References Abstract Top ↑ Post-traumatic myositis ossificans (PTMO) is characterised by abnormal heterotopic bone formation involving striated muscle. Further treatment options include active early mobilisation, physiotherapy and extracorporeal shockwave therapy.10 Surgery, as in this case, may be considered when lesions cause disfigurement, mechanical limitation and impingement on neurovascular structures.1 Conclusion Top ↑ Myositis ossificans represents heterotopic formation of non-neoplastic bone and cartilage in soft tissue.


id: sajr-57
author: Beningfield, S; Goldberg, P
title: Transcolonic pelvic abscess drainage
date: 2007-11-26
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 573
sentence: 31
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-57.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-57.txt
summary:
  Fluoroscopic image (a) during catheter (black arrow) manipulation showing pelvic sidewall collection (open arrow) apparently arising from diverticulum (white arrow) and (b) after placement of the drainage catheter (arrow). 2. Gupta S, Madoff DC, Ahrar K, et al. CT-guided needle biopsy of deep pelvic lesions by extraperitoneal approach through iliopsoas muscle.


id: sajr-740
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1526
sentence: 99
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-740.htm
txt: txt/sajr-740.txt
summary:
  Obturator internus muscle and bursal infection respond well to antibiotics and MRI may prevent surgery.7 An important clinical differential diagnosis in the setting of pain and fever is septic arthritis of the hip joint. Obturator internus muscle abscess in children: Report of seven cases and review.


id: sajr-455
author: Khan, Nausheen; van de Werke, Irma; Ismail, Farzanah; Levay, Peter F
title: A case of extensive synovial involvement by tophaceous gout
date: 2010-12-07
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1507
sentence: 84
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-455.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-455.txt
summary:
  Lateral radiograph of both ankles shows nodular density in the posterior recess of the left ankle joint in keeping with tophaceous deposits, and pressure erosion of the right talo-navicular joint and postero-superior aspect of the right calcaneus by soft-tissue tophi. 110 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • December 2010 CASE REPORT Chronic tophaceous gout In this form, the disease is established with deposition of MSU crystals in the tendons, ligaments, cartilage, bone and soft tissues including bursae and other synovial spaces.1,3 Although tophi can be deposited within a joint, the imaging characteristics of such intra-articular tophi are rarely reported and not well known.5


id: sajr-489
author: Jargin, S V; Jargin, E E
title: Some aspects of computed tomography in Russia
date: 2009-11-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2646
sentence: 110
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-489.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-489.txt
summary:
  A concluding point is that clinicians in modern hospitals have access to CT images via a computer network.12 But in many Russian hospitals, they can obtain only images on an X- ray film and a verbal description. Free medical insurance covers only a small percentage of CT examinations, however;1 many patients pay for the procedure themselves, and some also prescribe it for themselves without consult- ing a physician, i.e. practice self-referral.2


id: sajr-47
author: Spiegel, K; Joseph, E
title: A rare appendicular skeleton chondrosarcoma
date: 2007-11-27
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2348
sentence: 119
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-47.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-47.txt
summary:
  Areas of matrix mineralisation are common in intramed- ullary chondrosarcoma (79% of long bone lesions on MR images) and have low signal intensity with all MR pulse sequences. Neither the extent nor the presence of matrix mineralisation identified on CT scans helps distinguish between long bone enchondroma and chondrosarcoma.


id: sajr-711
title: sajr-711
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1025
sentence: 59
flesch: 66
cache: cache/sajr-711.htm
txt: txt/sajr-711.txt
summary:
  Christian George Albertyn was born on 13 December 1920 in Bethal, Transvaal (South Africa). Article Information Author: Lynda Albertyn-Cross1 Affiliation: 1Child, Adolescent and Family Unit, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa Postal address: 24 Duncombe Road, Forest Town, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa How to cite this article: Albertyn-Cross, L. Obituary – Dr. Christian George Albertyn.


id: sajr-572
author: Andronikou, Savvas
title: Academic news, awards, congresses, workshops
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1039
sentence: 51
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-572.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-572.txt
summary:
  I Anatomy Part II 22 candidates 25 candidates 16 candidates 16 (73%) qualified for orals 15 (60%) qualified for orals 11 (69%) qualified for orals 16 (100%) passed 15 (100%) passed 8 (73%) passed 6/22 (27%) overall fail rate 10/25 (40%) overall fail rate 50% overall fail rate RSSA PISSA 54 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • July 2008 Radioactive News.indd 54 8/1/08 10:03:40 AM University News University Gold medal awards Dr S Theron and Dr S Przybojewski (University of Stellenbosch) were award- ed Gold Medals for their performances in the College of Radiology examination.


id: sajr-63
author: Denny, M BM
title: Video analysis of swallowing and speech defects
date: 2005-04-04
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3607
sentence: 192
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-63.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-63.txt
summary:
  Video swallows in adults In adults who are able to stand, the sequence is reversed, commencing with erect lateral studies of the cervical region and ending in the supine position. Lateral erect study revealing failure of the oesophagus to accept contrast bolus, with consequent reflux into the nasopharynx. Fig. 3b.


id: sajr-88
author: Jogi, D H; Patel, M
title: Mesial temporal sclerosis
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1433
sentence: 79
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-88.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-88.txt
summary:
  Imaging findings Primary signs Secondary signs Hyperintense signal on T2 Enlarged temporal horn of lateral ventricle and FLAIR sequences Loss of internal architecture Decreased signal on T1WI Atrophy of hippocampus Poor grey-white matter definition Fornix, mamillary body, temporal lobe and thalamic atrophy 25-27 7/29/05 3:27 PM Page 27 Temporal horn; 2. Cornu ammonis (Ammon’s horn, hippocampus proper); 3.


id: sajr-554
author: van Rensburg, L Janse
title: Radioactive News
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 815
sentence: 36
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-554.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-554.txt
summary:
  103 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • July 2008 RSSA congress sponsorship The Medical Imaging Society of South Africa (MISA) and member companies Siemens Healthcare, GE Healthcare, Philips Medical Systems and AEC Amersham have announced a generous sponsorship of R20 000, to be applied in the form of a refund of R1 000 to each of up to 20 registrars who incur long-distance travel and accommodation expenses in attending RSSA congresses and workshops. First RSSA/ICIS cancer imaging course An historic ‘first’: a joint satellite cancer imaging course, presented by the Radiological Society of South Africa (RSSA) and the International Cancer Imaging Society (ICIS), will take place at the Spier Estate, near Stellenbosch, from 6 - 8 February 2009.


id: sajr-566
author: Mahomed, N; Briede, T; Modi, M
title: Endovascular stent grafting of traumatic aortic arch pseudo-aneurysm
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2047
sentence: 72
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-566.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-566.txt
summary:
  Fifty per cent of the remaining survivors will die within 24 hours.1 Therefore, prompt diagnosis and treatment within this critical stage remains crucial.1 The recent development of aortic stent grafts has brought the management of thoracic aortic aneurysms into the realm of interventional radiology as an alternative to conventional open surgery.2 Stent graft placement is proving to be a safe, minimally invasive and effective treatment for thoracic aortic disease in poor surgical candidates, and short-term morbidity and mortality rates from endovascular repair compare favourably with those from surgery.2 Endovascular stent grafting of traumatic aortic arch pseudo-aneurysm N Mahomed, MB BCh T Briede, MB BCh, FCRad (SA) M Modi, MB BCh, FCRad (SA), MMed Department of Radiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Fig. A detailed discussion on the endovascular procedure including the major limitations to stent insertion follows, and a comparison of endovascular stent graft versus surgery.


id: sajr-591
title: sajr-591
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2098
sentence: 114
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-591.htm
txt: txt/sajr-591.txt
summary:
  Method: A set of senior registrar reports (provisional reports) issued during a 28-day period was compared with the corresponding consultant reports (final reports). A set of senior registrar reports (provisional reports) issued during a 28-day period was collected after institutional ethics review board approval.


id: sajr-61
author: Andronikou, Savvas
title: Bounding ahead with our journal
date: 2005-04-04
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 575
sentence: 29
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-61.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-61.txt
summary:
  We have also decided on a restriction in arti- cle length to encourage concise work and to create more topics per journal issue. We hope that the other subgroups that exist will take up the reins using our first contribution as a template to deliv- er news, journal article reviews and conference information regarding their subspecialty.


id: sajr-702
title: sajr-702
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 268
sentence: 24
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-702.htm
txt: txt/sajr-702.txt
summary:
  These are selected plain film, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images. FIGURE 1: Plain radiograph of right hip. FIGURE 2: Axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) image of right hip.


id: sajr-762
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4370
sentence: 219
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-762.htm
txt: txt/sajr-762.txt
summary:
  Aortic valve calcium score as a predictor for outcome after TAVI using the Corevalve revalving system. Discussion Top ↑ TAVI is an established percutaneous method for the treatment of critical aortic stenosis1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 in high-risk patients and is relatively new in the South African context.12 The Agatston calcification scoring system5,7,8,10 for aortic valve calcification has been proposed in the past as well as manual valve plaque calcification scoring systems9 with and without the use of computer software, linking complications such as paravalvular leak and long-term patient survival to these scores13,14,15 and proposing better patient selection prior to intervention.


id: sajr-79
author: Movson, I J; Buccimazza, I
title: Diabetic mastopathy - clinical and mammographic findings
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1206
sentence: 82
flesch: 63
cache: cache/sajr-79.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-79.txt
summary:
  According to them recurrence tends to be in the same location and involves more breast tissue than the preceding lesion. The condition simulates breast cancer and is often poorly recog- nised.


id: sajr-675
title: sajr-675
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1089
sentence: 69
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-675.htm
txt: txt/sajr-675.txt
summary:
  Discussion Top ↑ Breast hamartomas are benign breast tumours described as resembling a ‘breast within a breast’ on mammography.4 They have a heterogeneous density with a mottled centre and are usually round or ovoid, with a well-circumscribed pseudo-capsule that results from the displacement and compression of surrounding breast tissue.3 Coarse or punctate calcifications are rarely seen within the lesion.2 On ultrasound, the features may appear as normal breast tissue or a well-circumscribed oval, solid mass that is predominantly hypoechoic but may present with a mixed echogenicity owing to the presence of adipose and fibroglandular tissue. Conclusion Top ↑ Breast hamartomas are rare benign breast tumours that, whilst having characteristic radiological findings, do not possess definitive histological features and can often be reported as normal breast tissue.


id: sajr-53
author: Andronikou, Savvas
title: Pull together to publish for the home team
date: 2007-11-26
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1398
sentence: 106
flesch: 68
cache: cache/sajr-53.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-53.txt
summary:
  As a matter of fact more and more registrars are signing up to write MMed dissertations and theses and I have many requests from registrars and registrar hope- fuls to assist them in producing case reports and research papers. Other groups have ignored my hesitancy in writing up certain cases and have managed to have cases published that I insisted would not be accepted.


id: sajr-95
author: Bayat, M.R.H.; Sarawan, J,
title: CT and MRI findings in Lhermitte-Duclos disease
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1309
sentence: 74
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-95.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-95.txt
summary:
  Perez-Nunez A, Lagares A, Benitez J, et al. Lhermitte-Duclos disease and Cowden disease: clinical and genetic study in five patients with Lhermitte-Duclos disease and literature review. Radiology Abstract Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD) is a rare cerebellar lesion of uncertain ori- gin.


id: sajr-531
author: Lawson, A; Parrish, A
title: The many faces of hydatid disease
date: 2009-03-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1271
sentence: 80
flesch: 60
cache: cache/sajr-531.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-531.txt
summary:
  Conclusion A case of primary hydatid disease arising in a rib is reported. Primary hydatid disease of the chest wall.


id: sajr-472
author: Ismail, F; Huang, L; Lockhat, Z; Ellemdin, S; van der Linde, L
title: Extramedullary haematopoeisis causing spinal cord compression
date: 2010-08-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1361
sentence: 70
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-472.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-472.txt
summary:
  On plain chest radiography, thoracic extramedullary haematopoiesis lesions appear as smooth or lobulated posterior mediastinal masses. CASE REPORT 65 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • September 2010 ribs, the underlying rib will be widened with a thin cortex.4 On CT scan with contrast, extramedullary haematopoiesis lesions enhance inhomogeneously owing to the iron deposition and fat infiltration.


id: sajr-1582
author: Clauss, R. P.; Kobryn, A.
title: The renal transplant score: A different way of evaluating renal transplant pathology
date: 1997-06-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1319
sentence: 60
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-1582.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1582.txt
summary:
  I: Perfusion scores of patients with various transplant pathologies Table II: Function scores of patients with various transplant pathologies Name EM AK JT PM JM as MS AM Name EM AK JT PM JM as MS AM Background 2 2 0 2 Background 2 Iliac 2 0 With all these aids at hand, di- agnosis of renal transplant pathology is still difficult.


id: sajr-90
author: Szkup, P.; Beningfield, S.
title: Endovascular treatment of post-traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulae using latex detachable balloons
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 11
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 6840
sentence: 387
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-90.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-90.txt
summary:
  Balloon catheter and occlusion of major cerebral vessels. 2,3,17,19,30,32 Conclusion From this analysis of the 34 cases of CCF treated over 4 years, the fol- lowing conclusions can be drawn: (i) a high percentage (91%) of direct CCFs were successfully occluded with detachable balloons; (ii) in 53% of cases the ICA was preserved; (iii) the latex Goldvalve balloons used in all cases proved to be very effective; and (iv) there were no permanent neurological complications in any of the patients treated.


id: sajr-741
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1137
sentence: 62
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-741.htm
txt: txt/sajr-741.txt
summary:
  Article Information Author: Graeme Thompson1 Affiliation: 1Morton and Partners, Cape Town, South Africa Correspondence to: Graeme Thompson Email: gt@morton.co.za Postal address: 20A Brommaert Avenue, Constantia 7806, Cape Town, South Africa Dates: Received: 06 Oct. 2014 Accepted: 22 Feb. 2015 Published: 22 May 2015 How to cite this article: Thompson, G. Painful snapping hip owing to bifid iliopsoas tendon and concurrent labral tear. Painful snapping hip owing to bifid iliopsoas tendon and concurrent labral tear


id: sajr-573
author: Fani, Gertrude
title: CPD Questionnaire
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 834
sentence: 57
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-573.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-573.txt
summary:
  D. The most common complication after stent graft implantation is leakage into the aneurysm. B. When there is less than 15 mm of normal aorta between the aneurysm and the normal LSA, the covered part of the stent will not necessarily occlude the origin of the LSA in ensuring adequate length of the proximal landing zone.


id: sajr-4
title: SAJR 864
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 4748
sentence: 282
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-4.htm
txt: txt/sajr-4.txt
summary:
  Superior vena cava obstruction: A venographic classification. Superior vena cava obstruction: A venographic classification.


id: sajr-555
author: Fani, Gertrude
title: CPD Questionnaire
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1081
sentence: 67
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-555.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-555.txt
summary:
  C. Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) may also present with calcifications which may exhibit high density, clustered punctuate calcification and tend to lack the characteristic features of DCIS such as rod shapes, ductal distribution and branching. B. A study by Gulsun et al. compared the positive predictive value (PPV) of using LeGal’s classification and the BI-RADS classification in terms of identification of malignancy and concluded that both succeed in reducing the ambiguity in assessment of breast calcifications and they are useful in standardisation of reports.


id: sajr-567
author: Mpikashe, P; Sathekge, M M; Meyer, B J
title: Protein-losing enteropathy demonstrated on Tc-99m HSA
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1101
sentence: 53
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-567.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-567.txt
summary:
  CASE REPORT CASE REPORT 36 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • July 2008 CASE REPORT Introduction Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is defined as a condition in which excess protein loss into the gastrointestinal lumen is severe enough to produce hypoproteinaemia.1 Previously reported procedures for the detection of protein loss have many limitations (such as rapid re- absorption of the radiolabel, unstable protein binding both in vivo and in vitro, and limited availability2) and were, moreover, cumbersome as well as unpleasant, as they involved 24-hour urine and stool collection. In our case, the patient had Peutz-Jeghers syndrome; this is a dominantly inherited human disorder characterised by gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis and mucocutaneous melanin pigmentation.6 Localising the site of protein loss and its quantification are important in the management of PLE.


id: sajr-893
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1252
sentence: 62
flesch: 29
cache: cache/sajr-893.htm
txt: txt/sajr-893.txt
summary:
  Sporadically, meconium peritonitis may result in fixation of the inflamed bowel loops, forming a contained collection with a membranous wall, into which meconium may leak continuously from the perforation site.1,2,3,4,5 The presence of a meconium pseudocyst indicates complex peritonitis which necessitates specialist evaluation, delivery at a tertiary care facility and, in most cases, neonatal surgical intervention.2 Case report Top ↑ A 25-year-old HIV-positive pregnant woman (G3P2) was referred for antenatal ultrasound (US) at 28 weeks, which revealed a large, cystic intra-abdominal mass within the fetus, with an irregularly calcified rim and internal echoes (Figure 1). If the perforation site is not sealed off properly, meconium continues to extravasate into the peritoneal cavity.1,2,3,4,5 Dystrophic peritoneal calcifications are present in 85% of cases and may form as early as 12 hours postperforation,2,3 but may only become visible radiologically after a few weeks.1 Occasionally, a contained, meconium-filled collection outlined by adhered bowel loops may form – a meconium pseudocyst.1,2,3,4,5 Meconium peritonitis is a rare entity, with an incidence of 1:35 000 live births, usually presenting during or after the 2nd trimester of pregnancy.3 Various causes of meconium peritonitis exist, including intestinal atresia/stenosis, volvulus, intussusception, Meckel’s diverticulum or peritoneal bands.1,2,3,4,5 A relatively strong association with cystic fibrosis is seen in between 8% – 40% of patients diagnosed with meconium peritonitis, in which meconium ileus with subsequent perforation is the most likely cause.1,2,4 The association of meconium peritonitis with intra-uterine CMV and Parvovirus B19-infections is documented.4,5 Characteristic ante- and postnatal US findings include ascites, numerous scattered intra-peritoneal calcifications, and bowel distention (a combination which is pathognomonic for meconium peritonitis),2 and polyhydramnios (secondary to bowel obstruction).1,2,3,4,5 Fluid and/or calcifications may also be present in the scrotum owing to a patent processus vaginalis (meconium periorchitis).


id: sajr-993
title: sajr-993
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3270
sentence: 202
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-993.htm
txt: txt/sajr-993.txt
summary:
  Problems and limitations in thrombolysis of acute stroke patients at a tertiary care center. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.4422 Nolte CH, Malzahn U, Kühnle Y, Ploner CJ, Müller-Nordhorn J, Möckel M. Improvement of door-to-imaging time in acute stroke patients by implementation of an all-points alarm.


id: sajr-712
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1562
sentence: 107
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-712.htm
txt: txt/sajr-712.txt
summary:
  Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy, Version 1.0. Systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy for evidence-based diagnostic practice in Africa.


id: sajr-592
title: sajr-592
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1450
sentence: 85
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-592.htm
txt: txt/sajr-592.txt
summary:
  Incidental right Bochdalek hernia with interruption of the inferior vena cava and hepatic venous collateral continuation: A case report In This Case Report... Open Access • Abstract • Case report • Discussion • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests    • Authors’ contributions • References Abstract Top ↑ It drains the right dorsolateral aspect of the liver directly to the IVC.6 The combination of a right-sided Bochdalek hernia together with interruption of the IVC and the formation of intrahepatic venous collaterals (as is presented in this case study) is extremely rare, with only one similar case having being reported in the literature.7 Conclusion Top ↑ An adult patient presenting with the combination of a right-sided Bochdalek hernia and an interrupted IVC with hepatic venous collaterals, as described in this case report, is an extremely rare occurrence.


id: sajr-64
author: Joseph, E; Rubin, G; Murray, J
title: Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (pneumonia) in HIV-positive adults
date: 2005-04-04
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1574
sentence: 101
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-64.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-64.txt
summary:
  LIP was then excluded from the classifica- tion of interstitial pneumonias. untitled Introduction Lymphoctytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) is an interstitial pneumonia, recently included in the radiological/histopatholog- ical classification of the interstitial pneu- monias.1,2


id: sajr-1019
title: sajr-1019
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3596
sentence: 223
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-1019.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1019.txt
summary:
  Native myocardial T1 mapping by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in subclinical cardiomyopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. T1 mapping in addition to demonstrating low values, felt to result from sphingolipid deposition within the myocardium, has also shown pseudo-normalisation of T1 values in areas of LGE-confirmed scar and sphingolipid deposition.


id: sajr-48
author: Wiebe, S; Suchet, I; Lemire, EG
date: 2007-11-27
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1695
sentence: 99
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-48.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-48.txt
title:
  Radiographic and prenatal ultrasound features of perinatal lethal hypophosphatasia - differentiation from osteogenesis imperfecta type II

summary:
  Radiographic and prenatal ultrasound features of perinatal lethal hypophosphatasia – differentia- tion from osteogenesis imperfecta type II S Wiebe, MD, FRCPC Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital and University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada I Suchet, MB BCh, FRCPC Regina Qu’Appelle Health Region, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada E G Lemire, MD, PhD, FRCPC, FCCMG, FACMG Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Royal University Hospital and University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada Table I. Radiographic features of osteogenesis imperfecta type IIA and the perinatal form of hypophosphatasia Osteogenesis imperfecta type IIA Hypophosphatasia, perinatal form Skull Caput membranaceum, wormian bones Caput membranaceum, absence of ossification of calvaria and bones of the skull base Ribs Short, thick ribs with continous beading Short, thin ribs Vertebrae Flat and irregularly deformed Poorly ossified, especially neural arches Long bones Thick, short, crumpled shafts, multiple Tubular bones, absent ossification of whole bones, diaphyseal fractures, callous formation spurs, punched out metaphyseal irregularities, kyphomelia Other Generalised hypomineralisation Generalised hypomineralisation CASE REPORTCASE REPORT pg32-35.indd 32 Sonographic findings of osteogenesis imperfecta type IIA and the perinatal form of hypophosphatasia Osteogenesis imperfecta type IIA Hypophosphatasia, perinatal form Short limbs with wrinkled appearance of long bones Short, bowed limbs Multiple fractures with callus formation Polyhydramnios Demineralised calvarium Small for gestational age Abnormal skull shape Decreased echogenicity of the bones Small chest circumference with broad and irregular ribs Prominent falx cerebri Increased nuchal translucency Underossification of vertebrae, neural arches and hands Fig.


id: sajr-829
title: sajr-829
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3950
sentence: 169
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-829.htm
txt: txt/sajr-829.txt
summary:
  Objectives: To describe the demographic characteristics and chest X-ray patterns of children with pulmonary MDR-TB and to compare the chest X-ray patterns of pulmonary MDR-TB between children who are HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected. TABLE 2: Comparison of chest X-ray patterns in children with prior standard TB treatment for the current episode and children with no recorded prior standard TB treatment for the current episode.


id: sajr-5
title: SAJR 914
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 5802
sentence: 382
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-5.htm
txt: txt/sajr-5.txt
summary:
  SAJR 914 Adrenal lesions encountered in current medical practice − a review of their radiological imaging V Naidu,1 MB ChB, FCRad Diag (SA); B Singh,2 MB ChB, FCS (SA), MD 1 Department of Radiology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa 2 Department of Surgery, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa Corresponding author: V Naidu (vanesha@mweb.co.za) Modern radiological technology has transformed the way that adrenal lesions are currently investigated. With the increasing use of cross-sectional imaging, adrenal lesions are being serendipitously discovered in radiological studies undertaken for non-adrenal-related conditions – the so-called adrenal ‘incidentaloma’.


id: sajr-622
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1417
sentence: 71
flesch: 32
cache: cache/sajr-622.htm
txt: txt/sajr-622.txt
summary:
  Decrease in leptomeningeal ivy sign on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images after cerebral revascularization in patients with Moyamoya disease. S.P. (Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School) provided important information of the ivy sign from his experience at Boston Children hospital, contributed to the images, and edited the article. References Top ↑ Ohta T, Tanaka H, Kuroiwa T. Diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement, ‘ivy sign’, in magnetic resonance images of moyamoya disease in childhood: Case report.


id: sajr-456
author: Aga, Pallavi; Parashari, Umesh C; Parihar, Anit; Singh, Ragini; Kohli, Neera; Yadav, Rajesh
title: Macrodystrophia lipomatosa – MR imaging of a rare congenital anomaly: review of 3 cases
date: 2010-12-07
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2004
sentence: 109
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-456.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-456.txt
summary:
  3A. T1W sagittal images of the right foot showing local gigantism owing to gross hypertrophy of fat (thick white arrows) and soft tissue in a striated pattern ( thin white arrow). In as much as 30.7% of cases of MDL, FLH is an associated finding.13 MRI of MDL characteristically demonstrates fatty deposition not only in nerve sheaths but also in soft tissues, bone marrow and periosteum.


id: sajr-7
title: SAJR 876
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 867
sentence: 65
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-7.htm
txt: txt/sajr-7.txt
summary:
  Computed tomography (CT) was performed for confirmation of torus palatinus and to aid surgical planning. The CT scan demonstrated lobulated bony outgrowths arising from the inferior margin of the hard palate, consistent with torus palatinus.


id: sajr-67
author: Bajwa, A K
title: Pseudolesions as soon on multislice CT
date: 2005-04-04
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1131
sentence: 78
flesch: 61
cache: cache/sajr-67.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-67.txt
summary:
  8 copy 12/1/05 12:30 PM Page 30 ty around less opacified infrarenal caval contents (Figs 7 and 8).This artefact, seen in 21% of older CT scans, is now noted routinely. Pseudothrom- bosis of the infra-renal inferior vena cava during helical CT.


id: sajr-936
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5610
sentence: 285
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-936.htm
txt: txt/sajr-936.txt
summary:
  Long-term outcome after surgical treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy in children. PMID: 18261930, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.031 Coan AC, Kubota B, Bergo FP, Campos BM, Cendes F. 3T MRI quantification of hippocampal volume and signal in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy improves detection of hippocampal sclerosis.


id: sajr-703
title: sajr-703
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1895
sentence: 105
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-703.htm
txt: txt/sajr-703.txt
summary:
  We contrast two different cases of biopsy-proven secondary chondrosarcomas resulting from benign, pre-existing cartilaginous lesions – our aim is to contrast and compare these two benign conditions consisting of multiple cartilaginous lesions – one hereditary and the other non-hereditary – and emphasise their potential for malignant transformation. The cortex is uninterrupted from the underlying bone, and the marrow cavity is continuous with the native bone.3,4 A diagnosis of multiple hereditary osteochondroma can be made when at least two osteochondromas are detected radiologically in the juxta-epiphyseal region of long bones.


id: sajr-742
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 564
sentence: 30
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-742.htm
txt: txt/sajr-742.txt
summary:
  SAMSIG, the South African Musculoskeletal Imaging Group, was formed in 2005 by a dedicated group of radiologists who aimed to elevate the level of MSK radiology to international standards. By many and various means, SAMSIG has achieved its goal — with the support of the RSSA, significant input from international speakers and continued improvement by South African radiologists with a special interest in MSK radiology.


id: sajr-542
author: Mahomed, N; Naidoo, J
title: Spinal segmental dysgenesis
date: 2009-06-15
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1618
sentence: 83
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-542.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-542.txt
summary:
  3. Zana E, Chalard F, Sebag G. An atypical case of segmental spinal dysgenesis. 29 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2009 Abstract Spinal segmental dysgenesis is a rare congenital spinal abnormality seen in neonates and infants, in which a segment of the spine and spinal cord fails to develop normally.


id: sajr-574
author: Lotz, Jan
title: Vires acquirit eundo
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1081
sentence: 42
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-574.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-574.txt
summary:
  Benefits include: • free electronic access to European Radiology, one of the most prestigious publications in the field of imaging • reduced registration rates for the European Congress of Radiology (ECR) from 2009 onwards • free electronic access to EURORAD, the largest peer-reviewed teaching database of radiology on the internet • free electronic access to EPOS™, the Electronic Presentation Online System which comprises more than 6 300 electronic presentations shown during ECR, ESCR, ESGAR, ESMRMB, SIR and CIRSE that can be viewed and downloaded • free electronic access to eECR, which contains over 350 recorded lectures that can be viewed from ECR, ESGAR or ESMRMB • free electronic access to EDIPS Download, ECR's digital preview system which enables one to download 1 099 Microsoft® Office PowerPoint presen- tations of ECR lectures throughout the year • all activities of the European School of Radiology (ESOR) are offered exclu- sively to members of the ESR • free access to the ESR online job forum. The RSSA supports academic radiology through journal sponsorship, publication of the SAJR (which is provided free to all members), moving to electronic format for greater access, organisation of congresses and work- shops and, recently, the establishment of a prize for an outstanding lecture given by any junior member at an RSSA congress.


id: sajr-580
author: Hurter, Delmé; De Vries, Coert; Potgieter, Pierre; Barry, Renald; Botha, Frikkie; Joubert, Gina
title: Accuracy of MRCP compared to ERCP in the diagnosis of bile duct disorders
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3823
sentence: 208
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-580.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-580.txt
summary:
  The detection of bile duct stones in suspected biliary pancreatitis: Comparison of MRCP, ERCP, and intraductal US. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, intraductal ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in bile duct strictures: a prospective comparison of imaging diagnostics with histopathological correlation.


id: sajr-556
author: Ellmann, Annare
title: PET/CT in South Africa: a lost cause
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1137
sentence: 54
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-556.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-556.txt
summary:
  Despite warnings about the number of PET facilities, it seems that there was minimal consultation between the various groupings, and no consultation between the public and private sectors regarding the location or use of these facilities. According to this report, PET imaging accounted for about only 5% of the growth in services, but for more than 18% of the growth in allowed charges.


id: sajr-76
author: Bihl, G
title: Practical issues in the prevention and treatment of contrast nephrotoxity
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2317
sentence: 132
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-76.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-76.txt
summary:
  Although the incidence of contrast nephropathy (CN) is low in the general population (1 - 2%) it poses a serious risk to those with impaired kidney function. Recommended peri-procedural methods to prevent contrast nephropathy.


id: sajr-624
title: sajr-624
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 201
sentence: 18
flesch: 62
cache: cache/sajr-624.htm
txt: txt/sajr-624.txt
summary:
  FIGURE 2: Axial CT scan image at level of hyoid bone. FIGURE 3: Sagittal paramidline CT scan image FIGURE 4: Coronal CT scan image of anterior neck triangles. These are her ultrasound and CT scan images.


id: sajr-965
title: sajr-965
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2489
sentence: 122
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-965.htm
txt: txt/sajr-965.txt
summary:
  However, considering that we only evaluated patients with generalised seizures, our study size compares well with that of Pesola et al. (who also only evaluated patients with generalised seizures), who had a sample size of 26 patients.6 Inaccuracies in seizure history were unavoidable, but we countered this by documenting on our datasheet whether the seizure had been witnessed by a me dical staff member.


id: sajr-568
author: Ismail, F; Lockhat, Z; Ellemdin, S; van der Linde, L
title: Conned by Conn’s Syndrome
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1736
sentence: 95
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-568.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-568.txt
summary:
  The prevalence is 0.3 - 1.2% of the hypertensive population.1 Radiological studies that aid the diagnosis of adrenal adenomas include contrast-enhanced CT, MRI and adrenal vein sampling of aldo- sterone levels. Nuclear medicine studies include adrenal scintigraphy.


id: sajr-594
title: sajr-594
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1526
sentence: 89
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-594.htm
txt: txt/sajr-594.txt
summary:
  We report a case of extradural hydatid cyst involving a boy of 5 years. Extradural intraspinal hydatid cyst 4. Hydatid disease of the vertebrae 5. Paravertebral hydatid disease.


id: sajr-82
author: Modi, Mala
title: A new era at Wits
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 711
sentence: 25
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-82.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-82.txt
summary:
  It is well and good to have state-of-the-art equipment in outlying hospitals, but remember these hospitals are recruiting qualified staff from the academic cir- cuits, and it makes little sense not to educate our staff on such equipment and then to send them out to work, often alone, on very sophisticated equipment that they are not at all familiar with! Johannesburg General, Helen Joseph and Coronation hos- pitals all have new 16-slice CT scanners (Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital has had two 4-slice CT scanners for the last few years), and 20 years after its inception the richest province in South Africa is bringing MR imaging to the public sector.


id: sajr-999
title: sajr-999
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2031
sentence: 136
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-999.htm
txt: txt/sajr-999.txt
summary:
  Tuberous sclerosis complex: A review. MRI findings reveal three different types of tubers in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex.


id: sajr-877
title: sajr-877
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3117
sentence: 187
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-877.htm
txt: txt/sajr-877.txt
summary:
  Adequacy of pediatric renal tract ultrasound requests and reports in a general radiology department. Published: 18 Dec. 2015 How to cite this article: Kilborn T. A case-based approach to UTI imaging – making sense of the guidelines.


id: sajr-913
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2052
sentence: 87
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-913.htm
txt: txt/sajr-913.txt
summary:
  Paediatric radiology from a psychosocial lens In This Review Article... Open Access • Abstract • History and overview of the child life profession • Significance of child life services and specific research in paediatric imaging • Current status of child life in South Africa • The future of child life in South Africa • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • The CLC intends that all CCLSs should ‘strive to reduce the negative impact of stressful or traumatic life events and situations that affect the development, health and well-being of infants, children, youth and families by embracing the value of play as a healing modality’.1,7 Significance of child life services and specific research in paediatric imaging Top ↑ Traditionally, child life services focused on providing support for inpatients; however, in recent years, CCLS have adapted services to accommodate acute outpatient medical settings such as diagnostic imaging.


id: sajr-654
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2044
sentence: 113
flesch: 39
cache: cache/sajr-654.htm
txt: txt/sajr-654.txt
summary:
  If healing by fibrosis fails to curtail the pathologic process, extensive caseation and granulation occur.5 The treatment of compound palmar ganglion consists of antituberculous drugs along with excision of the lesion.6 Complete excision and evacuation of the lesion along with excision of the inflamed tendon sheaths is done via the volar aspect.6 Conclusion Top ↑ Radiological imaging is important in assisting with the early diagnosis of tuberculous compound palmar ganglion; it is otherwise delayed owing to the rarity of the condition and its nonspecific clinical presentation. On ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, features suggestive of compound palmar ganglion were present.


id: sajr-500
author: Sass, K; Wiebe, S; Lemire, E
title: Infantile Sandhoff's disease
date: 2009-08-20
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2678
sentence: 136
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-500.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-500.txt
summary:
  Molecular heterogeneity in the infantile and juvenile forms of Sandhoff disease (O-variant GM2 Gangliosidosis). MRS reveals additional hexose N-acetyl resonances in the brain of a mouse model for Sandhoff disease.


id: sajr-71
author: Andronikou, S; Wieselthaler, N
title: Produced by the Paediatric Imaging Society of South Africa
date: 2005-04-04
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1179
sentence: 73
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-71.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-71.txt
summary:
  by Savvas Andronikou • ESPR – 2005 The European Society for Pediatric Radiologists held its Annual Conference in Dublin. IPR 2006 In 2006 there is a combined meeting of North American, European and Oceanic societies of Pediatric Radiologists at IPR in Montreal.


id: sajr-581
author: Fani, Gertrude
title: CPD Questionnaire
date: 2008-03-05
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 734
sentence: 58
flesch: 61
cache: cache/sajr-581.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-581.txt
summary:
  C. Occurs in hypervitaminosis D, diffuse myelomatosis, and milk- alkali syndrome 4. D. Metastatic calcification only occurs in the presence of hypercalcaemia. All below are drawbacks of MRCP except: A. Currently has poorer resolution than direct cholangiography.


id: sajr-80
author: Misser, S K; Corr, P; Jogessar, V B
title: Neuropenic enterocolitis complicating acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2356
sentence: 164
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-80.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-80.txt
summary:
  There was also marked dilatation of the caecum with extensive bowel wall thickening involving the entire right colon, proximal transverse colon and terminal ileum. Neutropenic enterocolitis due to Clostridium sep- ticum infection.


id: sajr-834
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 367
sentence: 23
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-834.htm
txt: txt/sajr-834.txt
summary:
  Article Information Authors: E.B. Arkink1,2 J.H.M. Frijns3 B.M. Verbist1,4 Affiliations: 1Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands 2Department of Radiology, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Netherlands 3Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands 4Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, The Netherlands Correspondence to: E.B. Arkink Email: e.b.arkink@lumc.nl Postal address: Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands How to cite this article: Arkink, E.B., Frijns, J.H.M., Verbist, B.M. Temporal bone imaging.


id: sajr-93
author: Szkup, P.; Kelly, M.; Meguro, K.
title: Indirect carotid-cavernous fistula - embolisation using the superior ophthalmic vein approach
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2387
sentence: 139
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-93.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-93.txt
summary:
  2. AP view of cavernous sinus venogram via microcatheter (arrow) passed through the SOV. Fig. 3. AP view of cavernous sinus venograms performed via microcatheter passed through the SOV (arrow).


id: sajr-625
title: sajr-625
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1398
sentence: 93
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-625.htm
txt: txt/sajr-625.txt
summary:
  The final diagnosis was abdominal wall endometriosis with surrounding fibrosis. Abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) is one example of extrapelvic endometriosis, accounting for 0.5% – 4.0% of all cases of endometriosis.


id: sajr-1020
title: sajr-1020
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4581
sentence: 259
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-1020.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1020.txt
summary:
  The number of crypts seems to reflect the degree of abnormality, with a maximum of one crypt seen in healthy volunteers and more than one (2–3) often seen in genetic carriage.8 A recent study of developing HCM hearts in mice and humans suggests that crypts are a normal part of embryological development but disappear before birth, except in HCM, where they persist and are more abundant.9 FIGURE 5: Basal inferior crypts; these are best seen in diastole. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2013-305471 Flett AS, Hasleton J, Cook C, et al. Evaluation of techniques for the quantification of myocardial scar of differing etiology using cardiac magnetic resonance.


id: sajr-704
title: sajr-704
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1243
sentence: 73
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-704.htm
txt: txt/sajr-704.txt
summary:
  Synovial sarcoma In This Case Report... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Case report • Discussion • Teaching point • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests    • Author contributions • References Abstract Top ↑ Synovial sarcoma is a malignant, predominantly juxta-articular, soft-tissue tumour representing approximately 10% of all soft-tissue sarcomas. Synovial sarcoma: Imaging features of common and uncommon primary sites, metastatic patterns and treatment response.


id: sajr-601
title: sajr-601
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3505
sentence: 203
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-601.htm
txt: txt/sajr-601.txt
summary:
  From July 2004 to June 2005 (12 months), 203 patients with penetrating neck injuries were admitted into the trauma unit, of whom 21% sustained gunshot wounds and 78% stab wounds.4 Method Top ↑ Formal ethics approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town. The location of the entry sites of penetrating neck injury was allocated into the three standard anterior triangle anatomical zones (Figure 1).


id: sajr-899
title: sajr-899
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4853
sentence: 233
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-899.htm
txt: txt/sajr-899.txt
summary:
  RV-pulmonary artery conduit stenosis The rare, severe variant of TOF-PA associated with atresia of the pulmonary valve or pulmonary artery is repaired by way of a Rastelli operation whereby a synthetic or biological conduit (homograft) is interposed between the RVOT and pulmonary arteries, which might have required prior augmentation. Serious limitations relate mainly to the small acoustic window that sometimes precludes the evaluation of certain anatomical structures such as the ascending aorta, right ventricle (RV) size and function, aberrant coronary anatomy, pulmonary arteries and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs).


id: sajr-689
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2904
sentence: 173
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-689.htm
txt: txt/sajr-689.txt
summary:
  It was hypothesised that inadequate vetting of clinical referrals contributed substantially to the long waiting times for elective TBH MRI examinations. The study has also shown that the vast majority (97.6%) of scheduled TBH elective outpatient MRI examinations had sound clinical indications, representing optimal use of a limited resource.


id: sajr-72
author: Corr, P
title: MR breast imaging - does it have a place in your practice?
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 679
sentence: 37
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-72.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-72.txt
summary:
  MR breast imaging shows great promise for the early detection of can- cer in mammographically dense breasts found in some younger women. 3 The role of breast MR imaging is not yet clearly defined in relation to mammography and ultrasound but it is important in solving difficult cases with equivocal mammogram and ultrasound findings.


id: sajr-745
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3694
sentence: 187
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-745.htm
txt: txt/sajr-745.txt
summary:
  Several studies have compared the accuracy of ultrasound ONSD measurements with invasive ICP measurements with good results.3,4,6,9,10,11 Focal and systemic pathology such as tumours, metastasis, haemorrhage, Grave’s disease and pseudotumour, however, may render false positive results.4 Bäuerle et al.12 found no correlation between ONSD and gender, age (only patients ≥18 years included) and body mass index to provide a single cut-off value for all patients. Optic nerve ultrasound for the detection of raised intracranial pressure.


id: sajr-915
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1609
sentence: 95
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-915.htm
txt: txt/sajr-915.txt
summary:
  The histopathological appearance has been confused with primitive neuroectodermal tumours (PNETs), but medulloepitheliomas have a more aggressive clinical course. Medulloepitheliomas are classified as WHO Grade IV embryonal tumours, but unlike other PNETS they have a dismal prognosis.


id: sajr-87
author: Such, R; Joseph, E
title: Lemierre's syndrome - the uncommon cold
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1929
sentence: 88
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-87.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-87.txt
summary:
  The evolution of Lemierre syndrome: report of 2 cases and review of the literature. Lemierre syndrome: forgotten but not extinct – report of four cases.


id: sajr-9
title: SAJR 959
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1005
sentence: 66
flesch: 60
cache: cache/sajr-9.htm
txt: txt/sajr-9.txt
summary:
  Dual left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) is defined as the presence of two LADs within the anterior interventricular sulcus (AIVS), and is classified into four types. S Afr J Rad 2013;17(4):145-146. DOI:10.7196/SAJR.959 Dual left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) is defined as the presence of two LADs within the anterior interventricular sulcus (AIVS): a short LAD that courses and terminates high in the AIVS, and a long LAD that originates from either the LAD proper or from the right coronary artery (RCA), then enters the distal AIVS and courses to the apex.1 Type IV can be differentiated from the other types by the long LAD originating from the RCA.


id: sajr-779
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3583
sentence: 176
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-779.htm
txt: txt/sajr-779.txt
summary:
  MRI had the same results as CTM for the detection of preganglionic nerve root avulsion injuries and pseudomeningoceles involving nerve roots C7–T1; however, CTM detected some pseudomeningoceles and preganglionic nerve root avulsion injuries at nerve roots C5/C6 of one patient, which was not detected on MRI. Article Information Authors: Ewoudt van der Linde1 Vanesha Naidu1 Ayesha Mitha2 Antoine Rocher3 Affiliations: 1Department of Radiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 2Department of Radiology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, South Africa 3Department of Orthopedics, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, South Africa Correspondence to: Ewoudt van der Linde Email: ewoudt@eventdoctors.co.za Postal address: PO Box 171, Hyper by the sea, Durban 4053, South Africa Dates: Received: 23 Jan. 2015 Accepted: 20 June 2015 Published: 15 Oct. 2015 How to cite this article: Van der Linde, E, Naidu, V, Mitha, A, Rocher, A. Diagnosis of nerve root avulsion injuries in adults with traumatic brachial plexopathies: MRI compared with CT myelography.


id: sajr-65
author: Sharma, V; Awasare, A; Rangrajan, V; Shimpi, H H; Mahanntshetty, U; Choudhary, P S
title: Can ulceration in carcinoma of the oesophagus be detected by 99mTc-sucralfate scan?
date: 2005-04-04
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2166
sentence: 109
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-65.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-65.txt
summary:
  A non-invasive scan would be much better tolerated by patients than oesophagoscopy and might be more accurate than a barium swallow which is frequently non-diagnostic in patients with oesophagitis.6 Objectives The purpose of the study was to test: (i) the sensitivity and positive predictive value of tagged material in delineating ulcera- tions in the oesophagus pre-treatment, post-treatment and at follow-up; and (ii) whether it could reduce the need for inva- sive endoscopic procedures in patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus. To test: (i) the sensitivity and positive predictive value of tagged material in delineating ulcerations of the oesopha- gus in the pre- and post-treatment periods and at follow-up; and (ii) whether tagging could reduce the need for invasive endo- scopic procedures in patients with carcino- ma of the oesophagus.


id: sajr-962
title: sajr-962
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3601
sentence: 196
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-962.htm
txt: txt/sajr-962.txt
summary:
  Conclusion: A specific growth model best described tumour growth observed in non-surgical and surgical cases. However, in all of the mentioned studies; however, heterogeneous criteria were used for defining tumour growth.


id: sajr-585
title: sajr-585
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1380
sentence: 85
flesch: 39
cache: cache/sajr-585.htm
txt: txt/sajr-585.txt
summary:
  Patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei associated with disseminated peritoneal adenomucosis have a significantly more favourable prognosis than patients with peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis. Abdominal computed tomographic scan in the selection of patients with mucinous peritoneal carcinomatosis for cytoreductive surgery.


id: sajr-803
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1574
sentence: 99
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-803.htm
txt: txt/sajr-803.txt
summary:
  Normal thymus may obscure or simulate upper lobe pneumonia (Figure 7).4,7,8 It is important for the radiologist and paediatrician to empirically recognise and differentiate normal thymus, its variants and mimics from pathology on a chest radiograph.


id: sajr-89
author: Beningfield, Steve
title: New route to specialisation - unity at last?
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 671
sentence: 35
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-89.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-89.txt
summary:
  From 2004, only university academic degrees but not College qualifications have been subsidised, meaning a significant poten- tial loss of income to the universities unless an MMed or equivalent is also obtained by College graduates. The counter argument is that learning the anatomy earlier allows one to benefit more from clinical training.


id: sajr-68
author: Moosa, S; Vadachia, Y; Andronikou, S
title: Choanal stenosis and atresia
date: 2005-04-04
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 695
sentence: 46
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-68.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-68.txt
summary:
  Measurements of the structures outlined allows for an objective and reproducible set of criteria for the diagnosis of choanal atresia and stenosis. Choanal atresia: precise CT evaluation.


id: sajr-917
author: Office, Editorial
title: Acknowledgement to reviewers
date: 2015-07-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 383
sentence: 13
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-917.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-917.txt
summary:
  Reviewer Acknowledgement Open Accesshttp://www.sajr.org.za Page 1 of 1 The editorial team of SA Journal of Radiology recognises the value and importance of peer reviewers in the overall publication process – not only in shaping individual manuscripts, but also in shaping the credibility and reputation of our journal. It is good practice as a reviewer to update your personal details regularly to ensure contact with you throughout your professional term as reviewer to SA Journal of Radiology.


id: sajr-595
title: sajr-595
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3736
sentence: 200
flesch: 35
cache: cache/sajr-595.htm
txt: txt/sajr-595.txt
summary:
  Differences in the practice of nuclear medicine between developed and developing countries arise mainly from disparities in their available infrastructure, funding and education levels of personnel involved. Tele-nuclear medicine uses information and communication technology (ICT) to transmit information about nuclear medicine between two or more locations.


id: sajr-705
title: sajr-705
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1802
sentence: 103
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-705.htm
txt: txt/sajr-705.txt
summary:
  The final diagnosis was benign multinodular thyromegaly with TDC and a nodule containing papillary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroglossal duct cyst carcinomas:


id: sajr-1579
author: Corr, Peter
title: New interventional techniques in the treatment of carotid stenosis
date: 1997-06-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1147
sentence: 74
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-1579.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1579.txt
summary:
  New developments in stent technol- ogy and design have resulted in the ar- rival of carotid self expandable stents. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high grade carotid stenosis.


id: sajr-748
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1731
sentence: 123
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-748.htm
txt: txt/sajr-748.txt
summary:
  Simple inversion appendectomy comprises ligation and division of the mesoappendix, full length inversion into the caecum and a seromuscular purse-string suture placed around the base of the appendix.9,10 With simple inversion or inversion ligation, 31% of the appendices disappear and 69% remain visible, floating in the caecal lumen.8 The shape of the appendix may alter with postural change,1 as shown in Figures 1b–1e in the present report. Inverted appendix: Computed tomographic colonography diagnosis in a patient and lesson learned In This Case Report... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Case report • Discussion • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests • References Abstract Top ↑ The role of computed tomographic colonography in the diagnosis of an inverted appendix is described in an adult woman, with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, who underwent a laparotomy during her childhood for severe abdominal pain.


id: sajr-940
title: sajr-940
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2601
sentence: 138
flesch: 29
cache: cache/sajr-940.htm
txt: txt/sajr-940.txt
summary:
  Paediatric interventional radiology procedures BOX 1: Paediatric interventional radiology procedures.


id: sajr-96
author: Moosa, S.; Andronikou, S.
title: Hypoxic-ischaemic injury - the 'white cerebellum sign' versus the true 'reversal sign'
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 848
sentence: 61
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-96.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-96.txt
summary:
  There is central hyperdensity compared with the peripheral cortex, involving the thalami and central white matter, as well as in the infratentorial structures. Fig. 3. White cerebellum sign.


id: sajr-602
title: sajr-602
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2777
sentence: 148
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-602.htm
txt: txt/sajr-602.txt
summary:
  A study by Patel et al. found that 84% of gangliogliomas had mixed signal intensity on T1WI (which is a unique finding for spinal neoplasms) and speculated that this was because of the dual cellular Until this point, we have not dwelled on signal characteristics of the described conditions, as most spinal cord neoplasms are hypo- to isointense on T1WI and hyperintense on T2WI, offering no assistance in differentiating individual intramedullary neoplasms.


id: sajr-667
title: sajr-667
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1291
sentence: 71
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-667.htm
txt: txt/sajr-667.txt
summary:
  Note hypertrophied soft tissues around the second and third digits and elongation of the third digit. MRI is the investigation of choice owing to its superior soft-tissue contrast and its ability to characterise soft tissue, particularly fat.


id: sajr-1022
title: sajr-1022
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2626
sentence: 140
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-1022.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1022.txt
summary:
  However, pericardial sarcoidosis can rarely present as a symptomatic pericardial effusion with or without associated tamponade or as a chronic constrictive pericarditis. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging provides excellent anatomic depiction of the pericardium, vital information on myocardial infiltration and characterisation of mass lesions and pericardial effusions.


id: sajr-817
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1353
sentence: 73
flesch: 36
cache: cache/sajr-817.htm
txt: txt/sajr-817.txt
summary:
  The association of CILF with various intracranial anomalies is well established and emphasises the need for neuroimaging in these patients, even in the absence of neurological features.2,3,4 Radiologically, CILF is a non-encapsulated, diffusely infiltrating lipomatous mass with hypertrophy of underlying soft tissue structures and bony elements. MRI demonstrates an extensive, non-encapsulated left facial mass with fat signal (arrowheads) extending into the soft tissue spaces of the neck (short arrow) with associated hypertrophy of the left masseter muscle (asterisk) and parotid gland (open arrow).


id: sajr-8
title: SAJR 878
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 853
sentence: 60
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-8.htm
txt: txt/sajr-8.txt
summary:
  On post-contrast T1WI (Fig. 3), a cluster of intensely enhancing nodular lesions were detected. There was intense perilesional oedema, with considerable mass effect.


id: sajr-881
title: sajr-881
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2909
sentence: 199
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-881.htm
txt: txt/sajr-881.txt
summary:
  How to cite this article: Kilborn T, Moodley, H, Mears, S. Elbow your way into reporting paediatric elbow fractures – A simple approach. Elbow your way into reporting paediatric elbow fractures – A simple approach In This Pictorial Essay... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction    • A systematic approach to reporting       • Reporting checklist1    • Step 1 – Evaluate radiographic technique    • Step 2 – Look for soft tissue swelling and joint effusion    • Step 3 – Evaluate alignment    • Step 4 – Identify ossification centres    • Step 5 – Look for distal humeral fractures       • a) Supracondylar fracture (50%–70%) (Diagram 1)       • Not to be missed look–alike – Non-accidental injury (NAI)       • b) Lateral condyle 10%–15% (Diagram 2)       • c) Medial epicondyle 10% (Diagram 3)       • d) Medial condyle (<1%) (Diagram 4)       • e) Lateral epicondyle (<1%) (Diagram 5)       • f)


id: sajr-83
author: Modi, M; Mochan, A; Modi, G
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 9
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5426
sentence: 273
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-83.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-83.txt
title:
  Management of HIV-associated focal brain lesions in developing countries - experience at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital

summary:
  Pathological lesions in HIV positive patients. The guidelines as pro- posed would adversely influence out- come if applied to patients in develop- ing countries. Objective.


id: sajr-919
title: sajr-919
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3645
sentence: 183
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-919.htm
txt: txt/sajr-919.txt
summary:
  In addition, children have a longer lifetime during which cancer may develop from exposure to radiation.6,12,7,8 For these reasons, we tend to have a more cautious approach to the use of ionising radiation imaging in children than in adults. And third, the following are a few simple things we all can do when we perform ionising radiation imaging tests (e.g. CT scans) that will reduce childhood radiation exposure: FIGURE 2: The Image Gently campaign’s simple message about CT scanning in children.


id: sajr-77
author: Persson, P B; Patzak, A
title: Potential mechanisms behind contrast medium-induced nephropathy
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5272
sentence: 308
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-77.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-77.txt
summary:
  Renal effects of iodixanol in patients: a comparison with other radiographic contrast media. Renal effects of low and isoosmolar contrast media on renal hemodynamic in a normal and ischemic dog kid- ney.


id: sajr-94
author: Andronikou, S.; du Toit, G.; Carrighal, M.; Argent, A.
title: Imaging findings in a patient with eosinophilic pneumonia (Loffler's syndrome)
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1857
sentence: 90
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-94.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-94.txt
summary:
  Drug induced lung disease: high- resolution CT and histological findings. Our HRCT findings correspond with the histological reports of pulmonary eosinophilia and Löffler’s disease, which demon- strate thick alveolar walls and intersti- tial infiltration by eosinophils, lym- phocytes and plasma cells.1,3 Alveolar spaces contain aggregates of histio- cytes and numerous eosinophils.1 In contradistinction to Wegner’s dis- ease, which also has pulmonary eosinophilic infiltrates, eosinophilic pneumonia preserves the lung archi- tecture.1 True hypersensitivity pneu- monitis (usually caused in children by exposure to numerous bird antigens) shows ground-glass attenuation, but has centrilobular nodules.6,10 HRCT findings have been report- ed for numerous diffuse lung diseases in children including bronchiolitis obliterans, hypersensitivity pneu- monitis, recurrent aspiration, Langer- hans cell histiocytosis, idiopathic pul- monary haemosiderosis, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, lymphangioleio- myomatosis, congenital lymphangiec- tasia, alveolar microlithiasis, pul- monary vein atresia, capillary heman- giomatosis, Gaucher’s disease, Nieman- Pick disease, as well as for the idio- pathic pneumonitides (desquamative interstitial pneumonitis (DIP), nor- mal interstitial pneumonitis (NIP), lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP), and chronic organising pneumonitis (COP)/ bronchiolitis obstructive organising pneumonitis (


id: sajr-1005
title: sajr-1005
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3781
sentence: 187
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-1005.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1005.txt
summary:
  Deviations from the true Le Fort types, which are often depicted in the literature as occurring bilaterally and symmetrically, were documented; these included unilaterality, occurrence of several Le Fort fractures on one side of the face, occurrence of several Le Fort fractures on different levels and on different sides of the face, and occurrence of other fractures in addition to Le Fort fractures. Nine patients had Le Fort fractures and additional fractures.


id: sajr-886
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1385
sentence: 86
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-886.htm
txt: txt/sajr-886.txt
summary:
  Fibrolipomatous hamartoma of the median nerve In This Case Report... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Case presentation • Discussion • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests • References Abstract Top ↑ Fibrolipomatous hamartoma is a rare benign tumour most commonly affecting the median nerve and is characterised by fibro-fatty nerve infiltration. Introduction Top ↑ Fibrolipomatous hamartoma, neural fibrolipoma or lipomatosis of the median nerve as described by the WHO is a rare benign tumour.1 Fibrolipomatous hamartoma is characterised by mature adipocyte proliferation within the nerve separating axonal bundles within the perineurium.


id: sajr-976
title: sajr-976
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3195
sentence: 164
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-976.htm
txt: txt/sajr-976.txt
summary:
  Methods: Requests and reports for the brain CT’s of 507 consecutive patients over a 2-year period, between 2013 and 2014, referred from a psychiatric institute for screening CT brain scans, were reviewed. They do, however, acknowledge that evidence regarding the possibility of routine CT imaging altering patient outcomes or clinical management is currently not available and needs to be explored.2 Aim The study aimed to determine the spectrum of abnormalities seen on brain CT scans of psychiatric patients for whom CT screening was performed.


id: sajr-605
title: sajr-605
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3338
sentence: 166
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-605.htm
txt: txt/sajr-605.txt
summary:
  In vivo determination of renal stone composition with dual-energy computed tomography In This Original Research... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Method    • Study design    • Computed tomography technique    • Image processing    • Crystallography    • Statistical analysis • Results • Discussion • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests    • Authors’ contributions • References Abstract Top ↑ Background: Composition of renal stones influences management of patients with renal stone disease. The incidence of renal stone disease is high, with a lifetime risk in the United States of America (USA) of 6% for women and 12% for men.1 Renal stone disease has not been researched extensively in Africa due to a lack of resources and facilities, and therefore no recent data on the incidence of renal stones in South Africa are available.2Sixteen different chemical compounds can form renal stones, although most of these are rare.3 Calcium oxalate (70%), calcium phosphate (20%), uric acid (8%) and cystine (2%) are the most common stone components.4 Developed countries have seen an increase in the incidence of calcium oxalate stones over the last 50 years, compared to developing countries, where the percentage of uric acid and phosphate stones remains relatively high.1 Untreated renal stone disease can lead to obstruction of an infected urinary tract, which may lead to urosepsis and death.


id: sajr-902
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2003
sentence: 102
flesch: 33
cache: cache/sajr-902.htm
txt: txt/sajr-902.txt
summary:
  Right isomerism is associated with trilobed lungs with eparterial bronchi (Figure 12) whereas left isomerism is associated with bilobed lungs with hyparterial bronchi (Figure 13).1,8 Major lung fissures can be identified on conventional CT as hypovascular lucent bands, or on high-resolution CT as sharp lines.1,9 FIGURE 12: Illustration of trilobed lungs with eparterial bronchus in right isomerism. Right isomerism commonly presents with atrioventricular canal defects (AVCD) (Figure 8), pulmonary stenosis or atresia, and transposition of the great arteries (TGA), with or without double outflow from the right ventricle (DORV) (Figure 9).1 Heart defects associated with left isomerism tend to be less complex.


id: sajr-1023
title: sajr-1023
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3084
sentence: 142
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-1023.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1023.txt
summary:
  Valve morphology Number of leaflets Part of the morphological assessment of the cardiac valves is to assess the number of valve leaflets. FIGURE 14: Coronal cine SSFP image of the aortic valve demonstrates a jet (white arrow) distal to the valve as a result of aortic valve stenosis.


id: sajr-84
author: Andronikou, S
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1344
sentence: 66
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-84.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-84.txt
title:
  CT scanning may adversely influence choice of surgery in paediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma - a note of caution

summary:
  Introduction The literature presents two views regarding the treatment of paediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma. A twen- ty-year experience with thyroid carcinoma in children.


id: sajr-91
author: Dahya, V.; Andronikou, S.
title: The paediatric suprasellar cistern as an important CT review area
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 961
sentence: 73
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-91.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-91.txt
summary:
  The paediatric suprasellar cistern as an important CT review area V Dahya MB BCh, FCRad (Diag) SA S Andronikou MB BCh, FCRad (Diag) SA, FRCR Department of Radiology University of Cape Town and Red Cross Children’s Hospital Table I. Relations and contents of suprasellar cistern and the more common paediatric pathological entities Structure Pathology Relations Inferior: pituitary gland/sella • Craniopharyngioma/ Rathke cleft cyst (embryological rests along vestigeal craniopharygeal duct) • Pituitary adenoma (rare) 11 A germ-cell tumour with hyper- density of the tumour and calcifica- tion (open black arrow) pre-contrast PICTORIAL REVIEW Fig.


id: sajr-951
title: sajr-951
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1165
sentence: 40
flesch: 33
cache: cache/sajr-951.htm
txt: txt/sajr-951.txt
summary:
  Over the past five years, SASPI has striven for excellence in paediatric imaging in South Africa and beyond. This priority for South African paediatric imaging has also filtered its way into written questions for the FCRadDiag(SA) exit examination.


id: sajr-97
author: Douis, H.; Andronikou, S.; Jadwat, J.
title: The hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign in a polycythaemic child
date: 2005-04-03
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 448
sentence: 29
flesch: 64
cache: cache/sajr-97.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-97.txt
summary:
  Hall A, Wagle V. CT enhancement after use of cocaine. Hyperdense middle cerebral arteries identi- fied on CT as a false sign of vascular occlusion.


id: sajr-784
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3575
sentence: 196
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-784.htm
txt: txt/sajr-784.txt
summary:
  We found that in the past 12 years, routine abdominopelvic CT detected only 3 cases of disease recurrence. Conclusion: Routine post-treatment abdominopelvic CT showed a low detection rate of disease recurrence in children treated for Wilms tumour, while subjecting patients to a large radiation burden.


id: sajr-956
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 540
sentence: 29
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-956.htm
txt: txt/sajr-956.txt
summary:
  The increasing number of first time unique visitors to the online journal, including local South African (23.25%) and international visitors from the United States of America (23.25%), India (10.27%) and the United Kingdom (4.18%), is testament. Collaborating with the dynamic South African Society of Paediatric Imaging (SASPI), the team worked toward publishing the SAJR/SASPI paediatric edition consisting of 18 articles.


id: sajr-1024
title: sajr-1024
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3415
sentence: 161
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-1024.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1024.txt
summary:
  More advanced processing such as myocardial tagging, T1 and T2 mapping, as well as diffusion imaging is not covered in the article.3 Left ventricular function and mass Studies have demonstrated that there is less variance in LV volume and ejection fraction assessment with CMR in comparison with echocardiography and radionuclide ventriculography, which has led to CMR becoming the gold standard for LV function assessment.4 However, processing CMR images of LV function can be daunting to the uninitiated and it is useful to have an approach that will guide the beginner through the process. FIGURE 12: Phase contrast images perpendicular to the pulmonary valve.


id: sajr-928
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2843
sentence: 165
flesch: 35
cache: cache/sajr-928.htm
txt: txt/sajr-928.txt
summary:
  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pulmonary infection Top ↑ Etiology The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 2013 global report identifies 2.9 million children infected with HIV living in sub-Saharan Africa, which is the highest incidence in the world.1 The hallmark of HIV infection is the progressive depletion of CD4+T lymphocytes as a result of reduced production and increased destruction.2 In addition to T cell destruction and impaired cell-mediated immune response, HIV infection is also associated with defects in humoral (B cell) immunity leading to an impaired ability to generate antigen specific response.3 HIV leads to progressive immunodeficiency, opportunistic infection, AIDS related malignancy and ultimately death.


