# bib

id: sajr-1163
title: sajr-1163
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 415
sentence: 21
flesch: 24
cache: cache/sajr-1163.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1163.txt
summary:
  Background: Pulmonary underdevelopment is categorised into three groups: pulmonary agenesis, pulmonary aplasia and pulmonary hypoplasia. Pulmonary agenesis is the complete absence of the lung parenchyma, bronchus and lung vasculature.


id: sajr-1140
title: sajr-1140
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 428
sentence: 20
flesch: 27
cache: cache/sajr-1140.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1140.txt
summary:
  Pillay T. A presentation of a recent case series on VACTERL associations. Conference Abstract A presentation of a recent case series on VACTERL associations Cornelis van der Merwe, Kelly H. Hoffmann, Tanyia Pillay Copyright: © 2017.


id: sajr-1124
title: sajr-1124
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 463
sentence: 21
flesch: 35
cache: cache/sajr-1124.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1124.txt
summary:
  Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr. Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. About the Author(s) Gopolang Magano Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Tanyia Pillay Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Susan Lucus Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Citation Magano G. Pillay T. Lucus S. Paediatric doctors’ error rate in detection of paediatric elbow injuries in Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital.


id: sajr-1152
title: sajr-1152
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 490
sentence: 24
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-1152.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1152.txt
summary:
  Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. Objectives: To establish local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs) for emergency paediatric head computed tomography (CT) scans performed at a South African tertiary-level hospital and to compare these with published data.


id: sajr-169
author: Kathan, D L; Griffith-Richards, S C; Przybojewski, S J; Strachan, M; Vadachia, Y; von Bezing, H
title: Encysted peritoneal hydatidosis with a hepatic hydatic cyst
date: 2006-02-22
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 575
sentence: 37
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-169.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-169.txt
summary:
  Rupture and spillage of hepatic hydatid cyst can lead to dissemination and anaphylaxis. Bhat S. Transdiaphragmatic extension of hepatic hydatid cyst.


id: sajr-1616
author: van Gelderen, W. F.C.
title: A grossly distended gallbladder masquerading as an infected hydatid cyst of the liver
date: 1996-05-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 648
sentence: 30
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-1616.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1616.txt
summary:
  Figure 2: CT section 10 em below image in Figure 1, reveals a large septated mass of low attenuation situated at the inferior aspect of tile liver containing a pocket of air anteriorly. Further CT sections dem- onstrated an apparently septated, low attenuation mass 10 cm below the calcified hydatid cyst, in the inferior as- pect of the liver.


id: sajr-15
author: Chacko, Anith
title: CPD questionnaire
date: 2013-11-08
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 796
sentence: 47
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-15.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-15.txt
summary:
  Concerning adrenal lesions encountered in current medical practice – a review of their radiological imaging: 8. 10. Chemical shift imaging is the principal technique employed in the MR evaluation of adrenal lesions using in- and out-of-phase techniques, and exploits the presence of abundant intracellular lipid in adenomas that helps to distinguish them from non-adenomatous lesions.


id: sajr-1593
author: van Gelderen, W. F.C.
title: Diagnosis of Paget's disease from chest radiographs: The "dense coracoid sign"
date: 1996-11-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1117
sentence: 62
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-1593.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1593.txt
summary:
  The above features are illustrated (Fig- ures 1-3).Achestx-rayina62yearoldman demonstrated incidental sclerosis of the topage19 Diagnosis of Paget's disease frorn chest radiographs: The dense coracoid sign from page 18 coracoid and acromial processes of the left scapula (Figure 1). The dense coracoid was a constant feature and this sign should be sought on chest radiographs especially in the older patient.


id: sajr-1183
title: sajr-1183
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1298
sentence: 69
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-1183.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1183.txt
summary:
  This article discusses the presentation and typical radiological appearance of extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma and the differential diagnoses with their radiological appearances. Clinical features and outcomes in patients with extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma.


id: sajr-1310
title: sajr-1310
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1346
sentence: 76
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-1310.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1310.txt
summary:
  However, less than 30% of patients with anti-Ma2 encephalitis exhibit the typical clinical presentation of limbic encephalitis, and therefore this entity may go unrecognised for a prolonged period of time before the diagnosis is Paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome (PNS) is a rare entity and can affect various areas of the central or peripheral nervous system.


id: sajr-1045
title: sajr-1045
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1201
sentence: 72
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-1045.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1045.txt
summary:
  Abstract There is an escalation in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the epidemic is already rampant in many parts of the world, for example South East Asia, Eastern Europe and the Gulf states, sub-Saharan Africa is particularly vulnerable due to the multitude of challenges.


id: sajr-1371
title: sajr-1371
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1440
sentence: 78
flesch: 33
cache: cache/sajr-1371.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1371.txt
summary:
  Abstract Introduction Case presentation Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements Reference About the Author(s) Prema Mohandas Department of General Surgery, Southland Hospital, New Zealand Ahmed O.A. Krim Department of Radiology, Southland Hospital, New Zealand Paul Samson Department of General Surgery, Southland Hospital, New Zealand Citation Mohandas P, Krim AOA, Samson P. Unexpected finding of splenic peliosis in a traumatic spleen in a patient with cleidocranial dysplasia. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v22i1.1371 Case Report Unexpected finding of splenic peliosis in a traumatic spleen in a patient with cleidocranial dysplasia Prema Mohandas, Ahmed O.A. Krim, Paul Samson Received: 04 June 2018; Accepted: 22 July 2018; Published: 27 Sept. 2018 Copyright: © 2018.


id: sajr-10
title: SAJR 982
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1246
sentence: 84
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-10.htm
txt: txt/sajr-10.txt
summary:
  An MRI (3 Tesla) brain study demonstrated the cribriform pattern in the brain caused by dilated perivascular spaces, which is a diagnostic clue for the presence of MPS. S Afr J Rad 2013;17(4):147-148. A cribriform pattern (otherwise known as ‘honeycombing’ or ‘sieve-like’ appearance) (Figs 2 and 3) was present, caused by dilated perivascular spaces, diffusely involving the bilateral subcortical white matter (WM), centrum semiovale, periventricular deep white matter and corpus callosum.


id: sajr-122
author: Duncan, Ian C.; Spiro, F.I.
title: Meningio-angiomatosis - case report and subject review
date: 2004-06-09
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1465
sentence: 85
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-122.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-122.txt
summary:
  Case report A 6-year-old girl presented after a prolonged grand mal seizure. Bright signal was, how- CASE REPORT 27 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • October 2004 Meningio- angiomatosis — case report and subject review


id: sajr-1780
author: Tsatsi, L. D.R.; Mabiletsa, M. A.
title: Multiple phaeochromocytoma (adrenal and extra-adrenal)
date: 2002-09-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1518
sentence: 128
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-1780.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1780.txt
summary:
  The small number of failures tend to occur in children with poorly developed fat planes and in cases of extra-adrenal phaeochromocytoma. Coronal reconstruction shows left suprarenal tumour (adrenal phaeochromocytoma).


id: sajr-1666
title: sajr-1666
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1808
sentence: 117
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-1666.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1666.txt
summary:
  Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in South Africa, and together with cervical cancer, constitutes the leading cause of cancer death.1 Early diagnosis of breast cancer is key to reduce mortality.2 Breast imaging is an ever-growing sub-specialty of radiology, both in South Africa and worldwide. The implication is that breast cancer screening, or at the very least, education about breast cancer, needs to be directed at younger women.


id: sajr-1390
author: Scher, A. T.
title: Lumbar spine X-rays for back pain: Still justified as a screening examination in South Africa
date: 2003-08-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1683
sentence: 84
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-1390.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1390.txt
summary:
  It is questionable, however, whether this well-reasoned approach can be adopted as the level of sophis- tication of the patient population dif- fers markedly between first-world and third-world countries, Certainly in South Africa, where diseases such as spinal tuberculosis are not only com- mon, but are increasing in frequency, there is perhaps justification for utilis- ing routine radiographs of the lumbar spine as a primary investigation in patients presenting with backache. and in a separate inves- tigation by Kelen et al? Conclusion In this series, utilisation of lumbar spine radiography as an initial investi- gation in patients presenting with backache, was responsible for the detection of spinal tuberculosis in 8 patients.


id: sajr-162
author: van der Ness, M N; de Vries, C S; Claasen, F M; Wentzel, S W; Joubert, J
title: Percutaneous stone removal
date: 2006-02-22
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2093
sentence: 136
flesch: 65
cache: cache/sajr-162.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-162.txt
summary:
  The treatment of choice for small, less com- plex renal stones is extracorporeal shock-wave litho- tripsy (ESWL).1 We have treated renal stones mainly with PCNL at our academic hospital, as ESWL was not available until 2004. Renal stones were removed through the tract and sheath with a nephro- scope by the urologist.


id: sajr-1656
author: Schwartz, Lawrence H.
title: Imaging the liver: Selected topics
date: 2002-12-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2187
sentence: 129
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-1656.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1656.txt
summary:
  The STAR ABSTRACT use of MR contrast agents, other than gadolinium DTPA, has been investi- gated for a number of years and an additional contrast agent has gained FDA approval. In general, liver MR is more sensitive for the detection of liver metastases than contrast- enhanced CT.


id: sajr-128
author: Otto, S.F.
title: Medical negligence
date: 2004-06-09
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2560
sentence: 147
flesch: 62
cache: cache/sajr-128.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-128.txt
summary:
  A practitioner is only held liable if the diagnosis implies the lack of reasonable care and skill with regard to the ordinary care and skill of the profession. In Pringle v Administrator of Transvaal it was shown that when applying a test for medical negligence, an inordinate- ly inflexible standard of care should not be applied which blurs the dis- tinction between surgical mishap and medical malpractice.


id: sajr-1416
author: du Toit, Andrew; Wood, Lucille; Jacobs, Peter
title: Practical radiology of plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma
date: 2003-02-28
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2515
sentence: 151
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-1416.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1416.txt
summary:
  Ravaud p, Thepot C, Auleley GR, Amor B. Imaging of multiple myeloma. Clark AD, Shetty A, Soutar R. Renal failure and multiple myeloma: pathogenesis and treatment of renal failure and management of underlying myeloma.


id: sajr-1060
title: sajr-1060
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3079
sentence: 138
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-1060.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1060.txt
summary:
  Sekhon et al.14 reported a strong correlation between ICP and ONSD measured on CT using a retro-orbital cut-off value of 6.0 mm; they also found that ONSD measurement was a much better predictor of ICP than traditional CT findings such as sulcal and basal cisternal effacement, ventricular compression and cerebral herniation. Possible reasons for the difference in the published ONSD cut-off values for predicting elevated ICP include the different imaging modalities used for ONSD measurement, inter-observer variability and the distance behind the globe where the measurements were taken.


id: sajr-1749
title: sajr-1749
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3299
sentence: 166
flesch: 39
cache: cache/sajr-1749.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1749.txt
summary:
  Thyroid nodules and ultrasound A thyroid nodule is defined as a distinct focal lesion within the thyroid parenchyma.3 Ultrasound has become the first-choice imaging modality in screening and detection of thyroid nodules. A retrospective study correlating sonographic features of thyroid nodules with fine-needle aspiration cytology in a South African setting.


id: sajr-1358
title: sajr-1358
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3627
sentence: 193
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-1358.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1358.txt
summary:
  https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v22i2.1358 Original Research Measuring breast density: Comparing computer-automated breast density quantification with an observer-based method in a South African academic context Erica Prinsloo, Cornelia Minné, Wim Greeff Received: 26 Apr. 2018; Accepted: 06 June 2018; Published: 21 Aug. 2018 Copyright: © 2018. These results further reflect a statistically significant degree of inter-reader and intra-reader variability in the evaluation of breast density.


id: sajr-11
title: SAJR CME AUG
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 3375
sentence: 225
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-11.htm
txt: txt/sajr-11.txt
summary:
  Localisation of well-differentiated NETs is performed by using labelled analogues of somatostatin, or molecules concentrated by NETs.3 Staging and planning of targeted radiotherapy require functional techniques, while anatomical imaging is important for monitoring disease and planning of surgery (Fig. 2). Liver lesions Functional imaging with characteristic scintigraphic patterns can assist with the identification of liver lesions detected on anatomical imaging (Fig. 7).


id: sajr-1099
title: sajr-1099
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4071
sentence: 215
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-1099.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1099.txt
summary:
  FC is the most predominant thyroid cancer in our loco-regional environment, indicating the need for improvement in preoperative diagnostic accuracy of thyroid nodules to ensure appropriate and timely interventions. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the role of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) scintigraphy and ultrasonography (USG) in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules.


id: sajr-1164
title: sajr-1164
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 430
sentence: 28
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-1164.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1164.txt
summary:
  Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. The role of post-mortem computed tomography in assault victims with head trauma in central South Africa.


id: sajr-1264
title: sajr-1264
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4359
sentence: 237
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-1264.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1264.txt
summary:
  Abstract Introduction Research method and design Results Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgments References About the Author(s) Nasr Timol Department of Radiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Department of Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Khatija Amod Department of Radiology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, South Africa Rohen Harrichandparsad Department of Neurosurgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal and Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, South Africa Royston Duncan Department of Radiology, Lake Smith & Partners and University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Tarylee Reddy Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, South Africa Citation Timol N, Amod K, Harrichandparsad R, Duncan R, Reddy T. Imaging findings and outcomes in patients with carotid cavernous fistula at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital in Durban. S Afr J Rad. 2018;22(1), a1264. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v22i1.1264 Original Research Imaging findings and outcomes in patients with carotid cavernous fistula at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital in Durban Nasr Timol, Khatija Amod, Rohen Harrichandparsad, Royston Duncan, Tarylee Reddy Received: 09 Aug. 2017; Accepted: 18 Oct. 2017;


id: sajr-1339
title: sajr-1339
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4648
sentence: 244
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-1339.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1339.txt
summary:
  FIGURE 6: Non-renal cell carcinoma (RCC) benign renal tumour. A better understanding of benign conditions presumed to be RCC on CT imaging and the accuracy of staging of renal tumours has the potential to reduce unnecessary nephrectomies and direct the use of pre-operative biopsy of renal masses.


id: sajr-16
author: Andronikou, Savvas
title: Bigger, Better, Stronger, Faster: should we join them or go it alone?
date: 2007-01-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 314
sentence: 18
flesch: 59
cache: cache/sajr-16.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-16.txt
summary:
  Other parties to consider within Radiation Science are nuclear medicine physicians, radiographers, radiation physicists and radiation biologists. It seems our journal is moving on so well that there are other parties who would like to join us.


id: sajr-1141
title: sajr-1141
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 462
sentence: 23
flesch: 39
cache: cache/sajr-1141.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1141.txt
summary:
  Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. Method: We adhere to the Radiological Society of South Africa (RSSA)/South African Society of Paediatric Imaging’s (SASPI) guidelines.


id: sajr-1125
title: sajr-1125
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 469
sentence: 23
flesch: 35
cache: cache/sajr-1125.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1125.txt
summary:
  Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr. Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. Aim: The aim of this study was to critically assess the quality of thyroid ultrasound reports generated at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH), a training hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa.


id: sajr-1153
title: sajr-1153
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 489
sentence: 21
flesch: 29
cache: cache/sajr-1153.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1153.txt
summary:
  Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. About the Author(s) Sarah Arthur Department of Paediatrics, Severn Deanery, United Kingdom Savvas Andronikou Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University of Bristol, United Kingdom Citation Arthur S, Andronikou S. Technical report: ‘Flat earth lung’ a curved multiplanar reconstruction for demonstration and follow-up of scattered metastatic lung nodules in children.


id: sajr-1727
title: sajr-1727
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5085
sentence: 330
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-1727.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1727.txt
summary:
  On the contrary, mucinous neoplasms are potentially malignant, justifying their surgical resection.1,2,3 Cystic pancreatic lesions are usually found incidentally on imaging studies performed for other reasons, and as many as 35% of patients are totally asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis.1,2,3 Similar to Bosniak’s classification for renal cysts, a radiological classification based on imaging features of pancreatic cystic lesions has been suggested.4 Pancreatic cystic lesions include unilocular cysts, micro-cystic lesions, macro-cystic lesions and mixed cystic lesions with a solid component. In spite of advances in MRI in abdominal imaging, CT is still the preferred imaging modality for both initial detection and characterisation of cystic pancreatic lesions, especially the macro-cystic ones.17 Computed tomography is an excellent imaging modality for pancreatic cystic lesions because of its widespread availability and ability to detect cysts.18 This study was undertaken to evaluate the possible role of CT in the preoperative characterisation of pancreatic lesions, on the basis of various morphological characteristics, because preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology may lack the desired diagnostic accuracy, more so in cases of cystic lesions.


id: sajr-1184
author: Office, Editorial
title: Acknowledgement to reviewers
date: 2017-01-27
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 440
sentence: 14
flesch: 31
cache: cache/sajr-1184.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1184.txt
summary:
  SAJR 20(1).indb Reviewer Acknowledgement Open Accesshttp://www.sajr.org.za Page 1 of 1 The editorial team of SA Journal of Radiology recognises the value and importance of peer reviewers in the overall publication process – not only in shaping individual manuscripts, but also in shaping the credibility and reputation of our journal. It is good practice as a reviewer to update your personal details regularly to ensure contact with you throughout your professional term as reviewer to SA Journal of Radiology.


id: sajr-1248
title: sajr-1248
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5736
sentence: 259
flesch: 27
cache: cache/sajr-1248.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1248.txt
summary:
  Comprehensive cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy reveal a high burden of myocardial disease in HIV patients. Introduction As of late 2015, there were approximately 36.7 million people worldwide living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), with an estimated 2.1 million people becoming newly infected in that same year.1 Despite the decreasing incidence of de novo infections seen over the past decade, HIV infection remains a major global public health concern, with most infected individuals living in low- to middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.1 As a consequence of the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), the survival of people living with HIV infection has improved substantially.2 South Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV infection and also the largest ART roll-out programme globally.3


id: sajr-1617
author: Gross, Paul F.
date: 1996-05-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1290
sentence: 46
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-1617.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1617.txt
title:
  Capitation of radiology practice in a managed care environment in the USA and South Africa: Johannesburg seminar 2-3 March 1996

summary:
  In South Africa and the United States, developments in teleradiology could accel- erate the use of capita ted contracts between payers and larger radiology practice net- works. I n the managed care environment en- trenched or emerging, respectively, in the United States and South Africa, the use of capitation payments to larger networks of radiology practices seems likely to acceler- ate with increases in teleradiology,horizon- tal and vertical integration of health serv- ices, and the demand for utilisation manage- ment and outcomes measurement.


id: sajr-1396
author: Moodley, M. S.; Singh, B.; Vawda, F.; Maharaj, J.
title: Jejuno-ileal diverticulitis and renal failure
date: 2003-08-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1442
sentence: 86
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-1396.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1396.txt
summary:
  Intestinal motility in small bowel diverticulosis: a case report and review of the literature. Aetiologically, like their colonic counterparts, chronic raised intraluminal pressure is implicated on the basis of small bowel dyskinesia and dis-coordinate peristalsis.'


id: sajr-1230
title: sajr-1230
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1443
sentence: 76
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-1230.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1230.txt
summary:
  Burkitt lymphoma in adults: A prospective study of 72 patients treated with an adapted pediatric LMB protocol. Burkitt lymphoma in adults.


id: sajr-1296
author: Office, Editorial
title: Acknowledgement to reviewers
date: 2017-12-21
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 480
sentence: 15
flesch: 34
cache: cache/sajr-1296.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1296.txt
summary:
  Reviewer Acknowledgement Open Accesshttp://www.sajr.org.za Page 1 of 1 The editorial team of SA Journal of Radiology recognises the value and importance of peer reviewers in the overall publication process – not only in shaping individual manuscripts, but also in shaping the credibility and reputation of our journal. We would like to take this opportunity to thank the following reviewers who participated in shaping this issue of SA Journal of Radiology: In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for SA Journal of Radiology, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on http://www. sajr.org.za for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts.


id: sajr-174
author: de Vries, Coert
title: A few ideas on training in radiology
date: 2006-02-21
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 490
sentence: 19
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-174.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-174.txt
summary:
  This prompts the questions – is our radiology training on a par with the rest of the world and does the training reflect these problems faced by academic radiology departments and the registrars they train? Some of these problems include the lack of consultant coverage in the academic setting, old equip- ment in training hospitals and not enough time spent on official teaching and tutoring as a result of the heavy work load faced by the radiology departments in the public sector.


id: sajr-13
title: SAJR 1021
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 180
sentence: 20
flesch: 66
cache: cache/sajr-13.htm
txt: txt/sajr-13.txt
summary:
  SAJR 1021 Body imaging S K Misser,1 MB ChB, FCRad (D) SA; D B Steer,2 FCS (SA), FRCS (C); S Purcell,3 FCPath (SA) 1 Lake Smit and Partners, Durban, South Africa 2 Alberlito Hospital, Ballito KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 3 Hainsworth, Purcell and Associates, Durban, South Africa Corresponding author: S K Misser (misser@lakesmit.co.za) Sagittal colour duplex sonar image.


id: sajr-1165
title: sajr-1165
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 498
sentence: 17
flesch: 26
cache: cache/sajr-1165.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1165.txt
summary:
  About the Author(s) Sucari S.C. Vlok Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tygerberg Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa Sam W. Moore Department of Paediatric Surgery, Tygerberg Hospital, University of Stellenbosch South Africa Pawel T. Schubert Department Anatomical Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital South Africa Richard D. Pitcher Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tygerberg Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa Citation Vlok SSC, Moore SW, Schubert PT, Pitcher RD. Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital.


id: sajr-1594
author: Peh, Wilfred C.G.; Ho, Judy W.C.
title: Pelvic abscess formation in perforated carcinoma of the jejunum
date: 1996-11-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1570
sentence: 98
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-1594.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1594.txt
summary:
  Small bowel enema is more sensitive than conventional small bowel fol- low-through examination in detecting jejunal carcinomas, manifest as polypoidal intra-luminal masses, annular strictures or ulcerated masses. CT in combination with small bowel enema has been advocated for the detection and preoperative staging of thistumour'!


id: sajr-1126
title: sajr-1126
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 398
sentence: 16
flesch: 31
cache: cache/sajr-1126.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1126.txt
summary:
  Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. About the Author(s) Lisel V. Richter-Joubert Department of Radiology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa Donovan Jacobs Department of Radiology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa Tracy Kilborn Department of Radiology, Red Cross Children’s War Memorial Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa Citation Richter-Joubert LV.


id: sajr-1142
title: sajr-1142
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 581
sentence: 26
flesch: 36
cache: cache/sajr-1142.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1142.txt
summary:
  Results and conclusion: The results show a strong ability for laypeople to identify normal versus abnormal MRI brain studies using Mercator maps. Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital.


id: sajr-1063
title: sajr-1063
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1483
sentence: 70
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-1063.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1063.txt
summary:
  It is estimated that only 5% of all intussusceptions occur in adults, and only 1% – 5% of bowel obstructions in adults are the result of an intussusception.3 The majority of cases in adults are because of the secondary causes with an identifiable lead point discovered intra-operatively.1,3 Conversely, paediatric causes are usually primary and can be managed non-operatively with pneumatic enema in 80% of patients.1 Case presentation A 24-year-old male patient known with retroviral disease and previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) presented with a 1-day history of sudden right iliac fossa pain associated with emesis and obstipation. Abdominal radiographs are typically non-specific but may demonstrate the presence and level of bowel obstruction.


id: sajr-1391
author: Benade, S. L.; Scher, A. T.
title: The patient with head injury and a Glasgow coma score of 15: Is a brain CT examination indicated?
date: 2003-08-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1679
sentence: 93
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-1391.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1391.txt
summary:
  CT scan ordering for minor head trauma patients. Tygerberg, W Cape Abstract The decision as to whether to perform a CT examination of the brain in patients with a Glasgow coma score of 15 after injury is often difficult, given the limited CT scanning facilities available in state hospitals.


id: sajr-1374
title: sajr-1374
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2781
sentence: 164
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-1374.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1374.txt
summary:
  This article highlights various examples of abnormal descent of the testis in usual as well as unusual locations and complications of undescended testes. Undescended testes are seen in approximately 1% – 6% of newborn males.


id: sajr-1154
title: sajr-1154
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 422
sentence: 21
flesch: 35
cache: cache/sajr-1154.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1154.txt
summary:
  Extracutaneous lesions are less common with most systemic lesions reported in the liver, spleen, lung, eye, central nervous system and bones. This non-Langerhans cell histiocytic disorder, as we know it, is a benign proliferative disorder manifesting as cutaneous lesions in young children.


id: sajr-1315
title: sajr-1315
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2931
sentence: 186
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-1315.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1315.txt
summary:
  TABLE 3: Types of benign breast lesions. However, where the patient is not able to return for a follow-up examination or if imaging is not available to the patient, they should be offered an immediate biopsy.19 Conclusion Ultrasound is a cost-effective alternative to biopsy for benign breast lesions.


id: sajr-1600
author: Hoffmann, Michael
title: Cerebrovascular neuroimaging: Which tests and when?
date: 1996-09-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2333
sentence: 91
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-1600.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1600.txt
summary:
  SPECT iscurrently the best early stroke imaging test and pro- vides objective evidence for diaschisis type neurological deficits, seen with a variety of stroke patients both cortical and subcortical.' The radionucleotide is injected intravenously and accumulates in different areas of the brain proportionate to the rate of delivery of nutrientslblood flow to that volume of brain tissue.


id: sajr-1359
title: sajr-1359
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1802
sentence: 111
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-1359.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1359.txt
summary:
  Discussion Pericarditis is defined as inflammation of the pericardium, and this has a number of causative agents like infection, neoplastic conditions, systemic conditions including collagen vascular diseases, trauma and others.1 Morphologically, the manifestations of pericardial disease include fibrin, fluid (serous, blood and lymph), purulent matter, fibrous tissue, neoplasm, granuloma, calcium and cholesterol.2 Pericardial disease: Diagnosis and management.


id: sajr-1265
author: Rischbieter, Paul; Sinclair, Christine; Lawson, Andrew; Ahmad, Samia
date: 2017-08-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 212
sentence: 13
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-1265.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1265.txt
title:
  Corrigendum: Uterine artery embolisation as an effective choice for symptomatic fibroids: Five-year outcome

summary:
  http://www.sajr.org.za Open Access SA Journal of Radiology ISSN: (Online) 2078-6778, (Print) 1027-202X Page 1 of 1 Corrigendum Authors: Paul Rischbieter1 Christine Sinclair1 Andrew Lawson1 Samia Ahmad1 Affiliations: 1Department of Radiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa Corresponding author: Paul Rischbieter, rischbieter.p@gmail.com Dates: Published: 31 Aug. 2017 How to cite this article: Rischbieter P, Sinclair C, Lawson A. & Ahmad S. Corrigendum: Uterine artery embolisation as an effective choice for symptomatic fibroids: Five-year outcome. Ethical considerations Approval for this study was obtained from the Steve Biko Academic Hospital, the MMed Protocol Committee and the University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee (protocol number 443/2015).


id: sajr-1762
title: sajr-1762
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2304
sentence: 127
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-1762.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1762.txt
summary:
  A subsequent ultrasound was then repeated in the radiology department, showing bilateral subcapsular renal collections with low-level internal echoes (Figure 2). Keywords: Page kidney; young; hypertension; secondary hypertension; subcapsular collection.


id: sajr-1409
author: Emby, Don
title: Letter to the Editor
date: 2003-06-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 367
sentence: 19
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-1409.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1409.txt
summary:
  LETTERS Letters to the Editor No scientific or medical journal would be complete without a section for the publication of letters from its readership. The authors of the article sum up these pitfalls very aptly when they state: 'Although helical scanning has led to increased lesion detectability, it has also produced some artifacts unique to this technique: As the custodians of imaging, our role in defining what is normal must always remain as important as detect- ing what is abnormal.


id: sajr-1108
title: sajr-1108
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3469
sentence: 210
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-1108.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1108.txt
summary:
  FIGURE 13: (a) Supine 3D view with inflated balloon showing internal haemorrhoid (black arrow); (b) Prone 3D view with deflated balloon showing polypoidal haemorrhoids (black arrows); (c) Prone 2D axial view with deflated balloon showing large haemorrhoids (*); (d) 3D supine view of inflated balloon. (b) 2D sagittal view showing the three valves of Houston in the rectum: superior (black arrow), middle (red arrow), inferior (white arrow).


id: sajr-1207
title: sajr-1207
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1903
sentence: 95
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-1207.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1207.txt
summary:
  FIGURE 2: Axial fluid attenuation inversion recovery sequence showing small sized left cerebral peduncle because of Wallerian degeneration (arrow) with left cerebral hemiatrophy. FIGURE 3: (a) Axial fluid attenuation inversion recovery sequence; (b) Coronal T2 sequence showing gliosis in left parieto-occipital region (arrow) with left cerebral hemiatrophy and ex-vacuo dilatation of the left lateral ventricle (arrow).


id: sajr-1703
author: Office, Editorial
title: Table of Contents Vol 22, No 1 & 2 (2018)
date: 2018-12-13
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1474
sentence: 14
flesch: -35
cache: cache/sajr-1703.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1703.txt
summary:
  An atypical paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome Bogna Targonska, Jamie Frost, Sanjay Prabhu South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 22, No 1 | a1310 | 17 May 2018 67 77 84 88 94 102 108 113 121 Page i of ii Table of Contents i Editorial Re-inventing the future of the radiological research footprint in South Africa Maya Patel South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 22, No 1 | a1665 | 18 October 2018 Opinion Paper Postgraduate radiology education in Nigeria: Looking backward and forward Bukunmi M. Idowu South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 22, No 1 | a1362 | 29 August 2018 Review Article Magnetic resonance imaging in exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm: Case-based pictorial review and approach to management Bishum Rattan, Shalendra K. Misser South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 22, No 1 | a1284 | 18 April 2018 Review Article Magnetic resonance imaging of classified and unclassified Müllerian duct anomalies: Comparison of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine and the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology classifications Devimeenal Jegannathan, Venkatraman Indiran South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 22, No 1 | a1259 | 23 April 2018 Review Article August 2018 Review Article Understanding indications and defining guidelines for breast magnetic resonance imaging Peter K. Schoub South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 22, No 2 | a1353 | 30 October 2018 Review Article


id: sajr-133
author: Botha, S.H.
title: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy/complex regional pain syndrome, type 1
date: 2004-06-09
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1458
sentence: 91
flesch: 64
cache: cache/sajr-133.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-133.txt
summary:
  In CRPS type 2 or causalgia there is history of a peripheral nerve injury, thus the pain and autonomic distur- bance can be identical to CRPS type 1 but has a nerve-specific distribution.2 Case report A 12-year-old boy presented with severe pain in the feet, worse in the left foot, which increased over a period of 2 weeks to such an extent that he could not walk or stand weight bear- ing. The pro- liferation of alpha-receptors in the sur- rounding tissues, including the blood vessels and other end organs explains the clinical features of autonomic acti- vation seen in the disorder.3 Clinical features Pain is the main clinical manifesta- tion of CRPS type 1 and is dispropor- tionate to that expected of the severity of the underlying injury.


id: sajr-1618
author: Short, Roger
title: From the Publisher
date: 1996-03-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 355
sentence: 20
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-1618.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1618.txt
summary:
  Indeed there are numerous examples of publications starting ug blossoming for a year or two then vanishing. For those unfamiliar with the term, accreditation means that articles accepted for publication can form part of your C.V


id: sajr-1648
author: Hricak, Hedvig
title: Oncologic imaging in 2002 and beyond
date: 2002-12-31
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2921
sentence: 161
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-1648.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1648.txt
summary:
  Imaging reporter constructs to monitor gene therapy is another approach of molecular imaging. At present, all the in vivo research in molecular imaging is being con- ducted on animals, mostly on mice and rats.


id: sajr-1397
author: Duncan, Ian C.
title: Academic writing in radiology
date: 2003-06-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 556
sentence: 24
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-1397.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1397.txt
summary:
  In this issue, which is dedicated to this subject of academic writing in radiolo- gy, we take a look at some of the motivations behind this activity with some tips on how to get started in article writing and publication. With the exception of the thesis requirements for certain of the university MMed degrees there is little or no teaching of or encouragement for academic writing in radiol- ogy in current-day South Africa.


id: sajr-1186
title: sajr-1186
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1854
sentence: 121
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-1186.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1186.txt
summary:
  There are also other reports of mycotic aneurysms, although extremely rare, regressing on antibiotic therapy alone.8,9 Conclusion Relatively healthy HIV-infected patients presenting with a single, large vessel, arterial aneurysm must always be screened for other large aneurysms from the neck to the popliteal regions. As the patient lacked any clinical signs of being acutely ill, the diagnosis of multiple aneurysm formation in HIV infection was favoured rather than that of a multiple mycotic aneurysms.


id: sajr-1046
title: sajr-1046
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4072
sentence: 193
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-1046.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1046.txt
summary:
  Safety protocol and pre- and post-MRI ICD interrogation Multidisciplinary collaboration and strategic planning are important for establishing a successful program for MRI in device patients. Whilst CMR in device patients has been reported at 3T,24 we have chosen to restrict studies to 1.5T.


id: sajr-1782
author: Spies, W.; de Vries, C. S.
title: Malignant gastrointestinal stromal cell tumour (GIST) of the stomach
date: 2002-06-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 753
sentence: 54
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-1782.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1782.txt
summary:
  A study by Kim et al? analysed the clinical presentation, pathology and long-term follow-up of 19 patients with GIST tumours (12 gastric, 2 duo- denal, 3 jejunal and 2 rectal). Needle biopsy can be used for the diagnosis of GIST tumours preopera- tively.


id: sajr-1667
title: sajr-1667
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3884
sentence: 240
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-1667.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1667.txt
summary:
  Multicentre study on dynamic contrast computed tomography findings of focal liver lesions with clinical and histological correlation. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v23i1.1667 Original Research Multicentre study on dynamic contrast computed tomography findings of focal liver lesions with clinical and histological correlation Sheila T. Ominde, Timothy M. Mutala Received: 18 Sept. 2018; Accepted: 02 Feb. 2019; Published: 21 May 2019


id: sajr-1377
title: sajr-1377
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4260
sentence: 247
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-1377.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1377.txt
summary:
  Breast cancer patients had a statistically significant lower mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value (1072.10 ± 365.14), compared to the BTB group (1690.77 ± 624.05, p = 0.006). https://doi.org/10.1102/1470-7330.2011.0014 Tozaki M. Interpretation of breast MRI: Correlation of kinetic and morphological parameters with pathological findings.


id: sajr-1595
author: van Gelderen, W. F.C.
title: Condensing osteitis of the clavicle
date: 1996-11-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 553
sentence: 27
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-1595.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1595.txt
summary:
  Two years before the presentation of chest pain she had experienced right sided shoulder pain,andshe again presented with pain in the WFC van Gelderen FFRad(D) (SA) Consultant Radiologist DepartmentofRadiology vtánganui Base Hospital Wang;mui New Zealand References 1. Figure 1: Close up view of right clavicle on frontal chest radiograph demonstrates rounded sclerotic area involving inferomedial aspect of right clavicle consistent with sclerosing osteitis (arrows) Maurice VVeinbren Award in Radiology 1996


id: sajr-1143
title: sajr-1143
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 345
sentence: 16
flesch: 20
cache: cache/sajr-1143.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1143.txt
summary:
  Aim: An educational poster on a radiological approach to aspirated non-radiodense foreign bodies. About the Author(s) Sunette Claassens Department of Paediatric Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Charl Verwey Organisational Unit of Paediatric Pulmonology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Tanyia Pillay Department of Paediatric Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Citation Claassens S, Verwey C, Pillay T. An approach to non-radiodense aspirated foreign bodies in the paediatric patient.


id: sajr-1729
title: sajr-1729
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3340
sentence: 199
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-1729.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1729.txt
summary:
  Chest tube drainage of the pleural space: A concise review for pulmonologists. Tube thoracostomy; chest tube implantation and follow up.


id: sajr-116
author: Committee, Editorial
title: Message from the new editorial committee
date: 2004-06-09
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 921
sentence: 42
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-116.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-116.txt
summary:
  To further encourage the submission of articles an annu- al prize will be awarded for the best articles from a registrar and a qualified radi- ologist, as judged by the editorial committee. Note that electronic submission of articles will greatly expedite the review process, and that authors will be expect- ed to adhere to the standard publication format (see Instructions for Authors).


id: sajr-1127
title: sajr-1127
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 504
sentence: 23
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-1127.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1127.txt
summary:
  Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. In total, 304 (7.4%) s-CXRs had significant findings (95% CI; 6.6%–8.2%), 464 (11.2%) had insignificant findings and 76 (1.8%) had both.


id: sajr-124
author: Sher, B.J.; Duncan, Ian C.
title: Neurofibromatosis type 1 - some cranial and spinal manifestations
date: 2004-06-09
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1964
sentence: 98
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-124.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-124.txt
summary:
  Axial T2-weighted image shows dysplasia of the right sphenoid wing with herniation of the peritemporal subarachnoid space into the posteri- or right orbit. Axial gadolinium enhanced T1-weighted image at a higher level showing dysplasia of the right hemicalvarium with associated enlargement of the surface sulci and right lateral ventricle sec- ondary to the increased hemicalvarial volume.


id: sajr-1401
author: Sher, Basil J.; Duncan, Ian C.
title: Multiple renal arteries : A pitfall in renovascular intervention
date: 2003-06-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1254
sentence: 79
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-1401.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1401.txt
summary:
  Digital subtraction flush abdominal aor- togram suggesting the presence of two left sided renal arteries. In conclusion, our case demon- strates an important diagnostic pitfall associated with multiple renal arteries supplying a kidney.


id: sajr-1159
title: sajr-1159
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 362
sentence: 14
flesch: 21
cache: cache/sajr-1159.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1159.txt
summary:
  Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr. Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. This conference abstract is partially based on the following publication: Kaloianova M, Naidoo J, Thomson H, Bhengu L. Krabbe disease – An unusual presentation of optic nerve enlargement.


id: sajr-1233
title: sajr-1233
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2114
sentence: 126
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-1233.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1233.txt
summary:
  Also, unlike inflammatory bowel disease, 42% of those infected also have ascites.11 Although the features are non-specific, diagnosis should be considered in HIV patients with a CD4 count of less than 100 cells/μL.7,11 Figures 3 and 4 demonstrate mural thickening and mucosal enhancement of the sigmoid, in a male patient with an undetectable CD4 count. We have detailed five conditions, with reference to the patients’ CD4 count – gastrointestinal tuberculosis, Kaposi’s sarcoma, small bowel lymphoma, cytomegalovirus colitis and anal carcinoma.


id: sajr-1619
author: Corr, Peter
title: Learning and Radiology
date: 1996-03-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 212
sentence: 14
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-1619.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1619.txt
summary:
  The aim of our journal is to provide useful reviews on important issues which you can use in day to day practice. I hope you find this fust editionusefulandinforrnative The Editor I. Naidich TP, OsronlAG Leamingstategies.


id: sajr-120
title: Treatment optimisation using external beam radiation in gynaecological cancers
date: 2004-06-09
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1091
sentence: 56
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-120.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-120.txt
author:
  Sharma, V.; Majeed, U.; Joseph, D.; Lindikile, S.; Madhoo, N.; Copelyn, H.; Kotzen, J.; Mohiuddin, M.; Donde, B.; van der Merwe, D.

summary:
  Discussion Most patients with gynaecological cancers present with advanced stages in which external beam radiation is the main component of treatment.1,2 The treatment field size used should be optimised to control the disease with minimum side-effects. With the modified technique using the internal obturator application for delineating the lower border of vaginal disease or vault, it was possible to decrease the length of field thereby reducing the chances of treatment-related toxicity, especially groin and vulval reactions, as well as avoiding treatment inter- ruptions.


id: sajr-160
author: Beningfield, S
title: Hepato-pancreatico-biliary imaging
date: 2006-02-25
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1025
sentence: 40
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-160.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-160.txt
summary:
  Organised by Professor Martin Smith and Dr Jose Ramos on behalf of the founding committee, this meeting was decidedly not dominated by any group, but was rather specifically meant as a multidisciplinary gathering of those inter- ested in liver and pancreatic disease. Hepatology 1992; 16:1069-1083 2. Brancatelli G, Federle MP, Vilgrain V, Vullierme MP, Marin D, Lagalla R. Fibropolycystic liver disease: CT and MR imaging findings.


id: sajr-1603
author: Boet, R.; Royston, D. D.
title: Intraoperative digital subtraction angiography in neurovascular disorders
date: 1996-09-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 989
sentence: 52
flesch: 34
cache: cache/sajr-1603.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1603.txt
summary:
  Intraoperative angiography facilitates the immediate assessment of neurovascular procedures and allows the surgeon to correct any technical defects. I: Intraoperative angiograms performed at Wentworth Hospital (1990-1994) Aneurysms (Berry) 17 Arteriovenous malformations 17 Carotid-cavernous fistulas 5 Spontaneous haemorrhages 4 Traumatic haemorrhages 5 Bacterial aneurysms 3 Other 4 TOTAL 55 Although not strictly monitored the intraoperative angiogram added an addi- tional forty-fiveto sixty minutes to the pro- cedure (including the time required to place the femoral sheath preoperatively).


id: sajr-140
author: Ligege, P.; Scholtz, L.
title: Rare variation in the origin of the right vertebral artery
date: 2004-06-05
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 871
sentence: 42
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-140.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-140.txt
summary:
  Anomalous origin of the right vertebral artery: Review of the literature and case report of right vertebral artery origin dis- tal to the left subclavian artery. The branching order is right brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery.


id: sajr-1657
author: Greniér, Philippe
title: Lung cancer screening using low-dose CT
date: 2002-12-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2065
sentence: 113
flesch: 60
cache: cache/sajr-1657.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1657.txt
summary:
  The results of these trials have confirmed that CT is more sensi- tive than conventional chest radiogra- phy for the detection of lung nodules and that some of these nodules prove to be lung cancer (Table 1). Results of nonrandomized trials in lung cancer screening using low dose CT USA (Mayo Germany USA (New York) Japan Clinic) (Muenster)


id: sajr-1754
title: sajr-1754
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3913
sentence: 218
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-1754.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1754.txt
summary:
  How I diagnose meniscal tears on knee MRI. Consent was obtained from the Chief Executive Officer of SBAH to use the reports from the hospital picture archiving and communication system (PACS) (MRI findings), as well as from the patient records (arthroscopy findings).


id: sajr-1649
author: Margulis, Alexander R.
title: Modern trends in GI-oncology imaging
date: 2002-12-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1266
sentence: 92
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-1649.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1649.txt
summary:
  Virtual CT endoscopy is starting to be applied to practically every part of the GI tube: esophagus, stomach, small bowel, mesenteric blood vessels, although these procedures are still in the research stage. Present role of cross-sectional imaging The increasing computer power in cross-sectional imaging and particu- larly the advent of multi row detector CT has for the first time facilitated the acquisition of 3 dimensional data, permitting high resolution volumetric acquisition of images, thus facilitating diagnosis.


id: sajr-139
title: Vertebral height as the measure of lesion length in carcinoma of the oesophagus - is it accurate?
date: 2004-06-05
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1325
sentence: 70
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-139.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-139.txt
author:
  Shamra, V.; Donde, B.; Mohiuddin, M.; Rabin, B.S.; Majeed, U.; Chetty, D.; Nyongensa, C.; Msemo, A.; van der Merwe, D.; Glynn-Thomas, R.

summary:
  Presently lesion length is esti- mated depending on the filling defect seen on Hexabrix swallow, which is measured against the number of ver- tebrae the lesion spans (each vertebra is taken to measure 2.5 cm). Lesion length on Hexabrix swallow Patient number Vertebral height Simulator magnification Difference (cm) grid length (cm ) (cm) 1. 12.00 10.00 2.00 2. 8.00 6.00 2.00 3. 8.50 6.00 2.50 4. 7.50 6.00 1.50 5. 9.50 8.00 1.50 6. 7.50 6.00 1.50 7. 6.50 5.00 1.50 8.


id: sajr-1767
title: sajr-1767
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2761
sentence: 186
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-1767.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1767.txt
summary:
  https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.93101s273 Adesiyun AG, Ameh C, Eka A. Hysterosalpingographic tubal abnormalities and HIV infection among black women with tubal infertility in sub-Saharan Africa. Similarly, Adegoke et al.8 reported that tubo-peritoneal abnormalities were more common amongst infertile women infected with HIV as compared to those without HIV infection.


id: sajr-172
author: Erlank, A; Ackermann, C; Greyling, P J
title: Sister Mary Joseph's nodule
date: 2006-02-22
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 705
sentence: 38
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-172.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-172.txt
summary:
  Sister Mary Joseph, who was the superintendent nurse and surgical assistant of Dr William Mayo at St. Mayo Hospital from 1856 to 1939, was the first to note the link between umbilical nodules and intra-abdominal malignancies. Sister Mary Joseph and her node.


id: sajr-1704
title: sajr-1704
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2462
sentence: 132
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-1704.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1704.txt
summary:
  Congenital and acquired renal arteriovenous malformations: Curative embolization with onyx. et al. Management of renal arteriovenous malformations: A pictorial view.


id: sajr-1188
title: sajr-1188
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1597
sentence: 98
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-1188.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1188.txt
summary:
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-015-2816-x Kisielewicz K, Truszkiewicz A, Wach S, Wasilewska-Radwańska M. Evaluation of dose area product vs. patient dose in diagnostic X-ray units. Limiting foetal doses during a four-vessel angiogram and endovascular stent-assisted berry aneurysm repair: A case report.


id: sajr-1129
title: sajr-1129
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 494
sentence: 26
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-1129.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1129.txt
summary:
  Background: Chronic venous insufficiency is an important complication following ileofemoral deep venous thrombosis. Methods: All patients who had undergone PMT for ileofemoral deep venous thrombosis (IFDVT) between August 2009 and January 2016 were invited to return for clinical assessment and venous ultrasound study.


id: sajr-1146
title: sajr-1146
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 518
sentence: 17
flesch: 30
cache: cache/sajr-1146.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1146.txt
summary:
  Aim: To describe the technical aspects of producing 3D printed models of the brain in children using examples of children with term partial prolonged HII as well as age matched controls and to provide completed models for public consideration. Assessing the viability of 3D printed brain models derived from MRI scan data in the communication of complex patterns of hypoxic ischaemic injury to lay-people.


id: sajr-166
author: Vadachia, Y; Strachan, M; Griffith-Richards, S B; Przybojewski, S J; Kathan, D L
title: Emphysematous pyelonephritis in a patient with polycystic kidney disease
date: 2006-02-22
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1303
sentence: 81
flesch: 60
cache: cache/sajr-166.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-166.txt
summary:
  CASE REPORT 30 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • September 2006 CASE REPORT Abstract A case report demonstrating the plain film and CT find- ings of emphysematous pyelonephritis in a patient with polycystic kidney disease, an extremely rare occurrence. An ultrasound of the kid- neys was requested which showed the typical appear- ance of polycystic kidney disease on the right side.


id: sajr-1348
title: sajr-1348
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3630
sentence: 215
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-1348.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1348.txt
summary:
  Abstract Background: The Greulich–Pyle (GP) method is one of the most commonly used radiographic techniques for skeletal age (SA) determination. Skeletal age determined with the GP method was found to significantly differ from CA.


id: sajr-1112
title: sajr-1112
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3175
sentence: 193
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-1112.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1112.txt
summary:
  Apart from Japan, where cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is the principle extrapulmonary manifestation and commonest cause of death, in the rest of the world respiratory failure is the leading cause of death.4 TABLE 1: Spectrum of disorders associated with sarcoidosis referable to each organ system.3,4,5,6,7,8,9 Sarcoidosis occurs in genetically susceptible individuals who are exposed to certain suspected environmental agents. Yoshida Y, Morimoto S, Hiramitsu S, et al. Incidence of cardiac sarcoidosis in Japanese patients with high-degree atrioventricular block.


id: sajr-115
author: Duncan, Ian C.
title: Coming of age
date: 2004-06-09
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 439
sentence: 18
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-115.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-115.txt
summary:
  The editorial committee has also been changed with immediate effect, and now consists of Professor Coert de Vries (Deputy Editor) (University of the Free State), Professor Leonie Scholtz (University of Pretoria), Professor Darius Tsatsi (MEDUNSA), Dr Savvas Andronikou (University of Cape Town), Professor Peter Corr (University of KwaZulu-Natal), Professor Alan Scher (University of Stellenbosch), Professor Steve Beningfield (University of Cape Town), and Dr Malan van Rensburg (private practice, Pretoria). Many thanks go to Professor J P van Niekerk for his encouragement and sup- port in making this transition and for facilitating our growth.


id: sajr-1316
title: sajr-1316
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3594
sentence: 175
flesch: 39
cache: cache/sajr-1316.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1316.txt
summary:
  The exact role of MRI in managing RA patients in clinical practice requires further research, especially regarding the determination of clinical algorithms for the use of MRI, the role of MRI imaging in monitoring existing RA and the understanding of how imaging can help to improve the cost-effectiveness of current biologic treatment regimens used in the management of RA.17 Evidence from different clinical studies has shown that conventional radiography, US or MRI can be used to confirm the diagnosis when clinical and laboratory data on their own are not enough. Up to 50% of patients with early RA do not test positive for RA-associated antibodies (RF or anti-CCP Ab).2


id: sajr-1080
title: sajr-1080
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3829
sentence: 183
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-1080.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1080.txt
summary:
  The most common MRI findings (Figures 1–3) in the symptomatic shoulders were supraspinatus partial tear (45.5% in symptomatic shoulders vs. 20.7% in asymptomatic shoulders), subacromial subdeltoid fluid (45.5% vs. 34.5%), increased signal in the AC Joint (45.5% vs. 37.9%), supraspinatus tendinosis (36.4% vs. 10.3%) and AC joint arthrosis (36.4% vs. 34.5%). Asymptomatic shoulders demonstrate manifold MRI abnormalities that may be radiologically significant but appear not to be clinically significant.


id: sajr-1610
author: Corr, Peter
title: Quality assurance in radiology
date: 1996-05-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 335
sentence: 20
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-1610.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1610.txt
summary:
  The quality of the service can be meas- ured objectively and can be compared with set standards that have been estab- lished by professional bodies. COHSASA identifies departments which meet these set standards and provides certificates of quality service.


id: sajr-1596
author: Kew, J.; Ahuja, A.; Scott, P.
title: Ectopic lingual thyroid: The role of imaging
date: 1996-11-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1054
sentence: 61
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-1596.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1596.txt
summary:
  Itpenetrates the underlying mescxlerm and starts its descent, connected to the tongue by a narrow epithelial channel, the SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY· November 1996 would be expected in some of these lesions, and confusion with lingual thyroid could oc- cur. Lingual thyroid: a comprehensive review.


id: sajr-129
title: Do dose area product meter measurements reflect radiation doses absorbed by health care workers?
date: 2004-06-09
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2089
sentence: 105
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-129.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-129.txt
author:
  Raubenheimer, R.; Spangenberg, B.; van Jaarsveld, G.; Koller, A.; de Vries, C.; Herbst, C.P.; Willemse, C.A.; Joubert, G.

summary:
  It is not possible to determine health care worker radiation from the DAP reading because of the general lack of correlation between the DAP and TLD readings. Abstract This study determined the correlation between radiation doses absorbed by health care workers and dose area product meter (DAP) measurements at Universitas Hospital, Bloemfontein.


id: sajr-1402
author: Duncan, Ian C.; Sher, Basil J.
title: The subvesical duct of Luschka: A source of bile leakage following gallbladder removal
date: 2003-06-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1339
sentence: 79
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-1402.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1402.txt
summary:
  The development basis for bile duct anomalies. A MR cholangiogram was attempted to try and show conti- nuity between the right and left main hepatic bile ducts and although the proper hepatic duct was shown to be occluded, no definite answer could be given concerning the existence of free communication between the right and left hepatic ducts or about the site of the bile leakage (Fig. 3).


id: sajr-1410
author: Emby, Don
title: Letter to the Editor: Chest radiograph: 'Let the reader beware'
date: 2003-11-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 233
sentence: 9
flesch: 60
cache: cache/sajr-1410.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1410.txt
summary:
  Our radiographers are well aware of the need to remove radio- opaque items, but do not press patients to remove items from their persons where patients are reluctant to do so (unless it is found that the item specifically obscures an area of interest). I enjoyed Ian Duncan's 'The ghost in the machine' in the June 2003 issue of the SA]R. I feel that such 'Pictorial Interludes' or photo pages add interest to journals.


id: sajr-1212
title: sajr-1212
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1373
sentence: 76
flesch: 36
cache: cache/sajr-1212.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1212.txt
summary:
  Beom Jun Lee Department of Surgery, Southland Hospital, New Zealand Ahmed O. A. Krim Department of Radiology, Southland Hospital, New Zealand Paul Samson Department of Surgery, Southland Hospital, New Zealand Citation Lee BJ, Krim AOA, Samson P. First presentation of Crohn’s disease complicated with hepatic portal venous gas and pylephlebitis. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v21i1.1212 Case Report First presentation of Crohn’s disease complicated with hepatic portal venous gas and pylephlebitis Beom Jun Lee, Ahmed O. A. Krim, Paul Samson Received: 10 May 2017; Accepted: 28 July 2017; Published: 02 Oct. 2017 Copyright: © 2017.


id: sajr-1048
title: sajr-1048
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4299
sentence: 229
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-1048.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1048.txt
summary:
  We then introduce an imaging modality with which readers are probably unfamiliar (electroanatomical mapping [EAM]), but which is routinely used by electrophysiologists to plan and guide cardiac mapping and cardiac ablation therapy by catheter, a therapy which can reduce or even cure arrhythmia. An increasingly popular procedure that can improve or cure arrhythmia is cardiac ablation therapy, which uses catheters to create thermal burns on the surface of the myocardium, to destroy arrhythmogenic foci or pathways.


id: sajr-1234
title: sajr-1234
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2064
sentence: 88
flesch: 34
cache: cache/sajr-1234.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1234.txt
summary:
  This was particularly useful in our case.6 Conclusion A wide differential diagnosis exists for intra-cranial mass lesions in HIV patients. Multiple peripherally enhancing parenchymal (b) and sub-ependymal lesions (a) are demonstrated with a significant improvement in the size of all lesions since the last examination.


id: sajr-135
author: Scholtz, Leonie
title: The storm of progress
date: 2004-06-05
pages: 6
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4299
sentence: 216
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-135.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-135.txt
summary:
  Die rol van die radioloog het die afgelope 40 jaar uitgebrei deur die radioloog se toetrede tot die terapeu- tiese behandeling van die pasiënt. Die klinikus kan funksioneer sonder die radioloog, maar die radi- oloog kan nie funksioneer sonder die verwysing van die klinikus nie.


id: sajr-137
author: Duncan, Ian C.
title: Vascular malformations Part 1 - normal and abnormal vascular development
date: 2004-06-05
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3247
sentence: 166
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-137.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-137.txt
summary:
  This involves the differentiation of one or more mesodermally-derived vascular precursor cell types into angioblasts, the migratory precursors of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells.1-3 Differentiation of angioblasts is followed by the associa- tion and assembly of endothelial cells to form the primitive vascular plexus. During the activation phase there is disassembly of the vessel wall followed by proliferation and migration of endothelial cells into the surrounding extracellular matrix.


id: sajr-126
author: Kotze, D.J.; de Vries, C.
title: A quick guide to safety and compatibility of passive implants and devices in an MR environment
date: 2004-06-09
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4781
sentence: 234
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-126.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-126.txt
summary:
  MR procedures may be contraindicated due to various inter- actions between the MR environment and medical devices, which include torque, translational force, heating, induced electrical currents, magnetic field interactions, artefacts, and mis- representation. MR procedures may be con- traindicated due to various interac- tions between the MR environment and medical devices, which include torque (product of axial force and the distance of the line of action from the axis) and translational force, both of which could cause possible move- ment or dislodgement of a ferromag- netic biomedical implant, material, device, or object.


id: sajr-1604
author: Whitehorn, Russell
title: Don't start the revolution without us!
date: 1996-09-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1747
sentence: 80
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-1604.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1604.txt
summary:
  There were three false negative intraoperative angiograms in 66 patients (2 residual aneurysm necks and a small re- sidual thalamicAVM) ,We did not perform postoperative angiography to correlate with the intraoperative angiographic findings, It is well recognised amongst neurosurgeons that the successful treat- ment of intracranial aneurysms andAVMs is dependent on complete obliteration, Postoperative angiograms are performed routinely in some units following aneurysm clipping, In a series of7lS cases Fuerberg et al found a residual aneurysm neck in 3,8% of cases,4 Lin et al documented regrowth of aneurysms from residual necks in 19 cases' Fourteen of these cases presented with a rebleed at an average interval of nine years from clipping, Intraoperative angiography enables the surgeon to identify and correct any incompletely treated lesions under the same anaesthetic. It has also been suggested that the immediate availability of intraoperative angiography allows the sur- geon to access the extent of resection of an AVM at any stage and therefore avoid ex- cessive resection that may include normal brain and nutrient arteries.


id: sajr-161
author: Lotz, Jan
title: Training in diagnostic radiology
date: 2006-02-22
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1722
sentence: 36
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-161.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-161.txt
summary:
  Registrars are EDITORIAL pg 2-4.indd 2 9/6/06 2:56:09 PM � SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • September 2006 Ta bl e I. P or ti on o f t he m od ul ar c ou rs e de m on st ra ti ng a w ei gh ti ng fo r ea ch s ec ti on w hi ch th en c or re sp on ds to th e nu m be r of w ee ks d ev ot ed to th e se ct io n ov er 4 y ea rs Sy st em W ei gh t M od ul es A nn ua l A ca de m ic P ro gr am m e Ja nu ar y 20 04 to D ec em be r 20 07 D is tr ib ut io n Ye ar 1 Ye ar 2 Ye ar 3 Ye ar 4 R es pi ra to ry sy st em 4 3 w ee ks 3w 3w /3 w /3 w ( 12 w ) M od ul e 1 M od ul e 4 M od ul e 7 M od ul e 10 In te rp re ta tio n of th e D ip hr ag m / D iff us e in te rs tit ia l Tr au m a/ po st op er at iv e ch es t X -r ay w al l/p le ur a di se as e M od ul e 2 M od ul e 5 M od ul e 8 M od ul e 11 T he m ed ia st in um A st hm a an d In du st ri al d is ea se Pa ed ia tr ic c he st em ph ys em a M od ul e 3 M od ul e 6 M od ul e 9 M od ul e 12 Pu lm on ar y in fe ct io n Pu lm on ar y Pu lm on ar y C on ge ni ta l tu m ou rs th ro m bo -e m bo lis m ab no rm al iti es C ar di o- va sc ul ar sy st em 3 2 w ee ks 2w /2 w /2 w /2 w ( 8w ) M od ul e 1 M od ul e 3 M od ul e 5 M od ul e 7 C on ge ni ta l h ea rt C ar di om eg al y A cq ui re d va lv ul ar C ar di om yo pa th y/ di se as e 1 di se as e tu m ou rs M od ul e 2 M od ul e 4 M od ul e 6 M od ul e 8 C on ge ni ta l h ea rt Pu lm on ar y Is ch ae m ic h ea rt Pe ri ca rd iu m di se as e 2 ci rc ul at io n di se as e G as tr o- in te st in al sy st em 4 3 w ee ks 3w /3 w /3 w /3 w ( 12 w ) M od ul e 1 M od ul e 4 M od ul e 7 M od ul e 10 A bd om in al s ur ve y D uo de nu m C ol on Pa ed ia tr ic G IT im ag in g 2 st ud y M od ul e 2 M od ul e 5 M od ul e 8 M od ul e 11 O es op ha gu s Sm al l b ow el M es en te ri um a nd En do sc op y an d m om en tu m ra di ol og y M od ul e 3 M od ul e 6 M od ul e 9 M od ul e 12 St om ac h In fla m m at or y Pa ed ia tr ic G IT C T /M R /i nt er ve nt io n an d di se as e im ag in g 1 th e G IT Li ve r, p an cr ea s an d bi lia ry sy st em 3 2 w ee ks 2w /2 w /2 w /2 w ( 8w ) M od ul e 1 M od ul e 3 M od ul e 5 M od ul e 7 Li ve r 1 Bi lia ry s ys te m 1 P an cr ea s 2 In te rv en tio na l p ro ce - du re s M od ul e 2 M od ul e 4 M od ul e 6 M od ul e 8 Pa nc re as 1 Li ve r 2 Bi lia ry s ys te m 2 Tr an sp la nt at io n/ tr au m a pg 2-4.indd 3 9/6/06 2:56:09 PM EDITORIAL � SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • September 2006 currently in the 3rd year of the first cycle.


id: sajr-117
author: Duncan, Ian C.
title: The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPSS) procedure - a review
date: 2004-06-09
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3013
sentence: 183
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-117.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-117.txt
summary:
  Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in patients with portal vein occlusion. Histopathologic study of stenotic and occluded transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts.


id: sajr-1784
author: Andronikou, S.; Welman, C.; Kader, E.; Venter, J.; Kilborn, T.
date: 2001-02-28
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1451
sentence: 62
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-1784.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1784.txt
title:
  Is the skull x-ray a useful tool in paediatric blunt head injury and are we familiar with an abnormal finding?

summary:
  E-mail: docsav@mweb.co.za Abstract Skull X-ray (SXR) has been, and sti II is, used in some institutions to detect skull fractures in paediatric head injuries. It is also well known that in children severe intracranial injury can occur in the ab- sence of skull fractures.


id: sajr-1160
title: sajr-1160
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 302
sentence: 16
flesch: 28
cache: cache/sajr-1160.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1160.txt
summary:
  Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. About the Author(s) Heleen Hanekom Department of Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Tanyia Pillay Department of Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Derek Harrison Department of Paediatric Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Talietha Minnis Department of Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Citation Hanekom H, Pillay T, Harrison D, Minnis T. Paediatric gastrointestinal volvulus:


id: sajr-134
author: Scholtz, Leonie
title: Radiofrequency ablation
date: 2004-06-05
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 374
sentence: 15
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-134.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-134.txt
summary:
  Pancreatic tumours, bone metastases and intra-pulmonary tumours are being treated similarly and RFA has recently entered phase 2 clinical trials for the treatment of small renal tumours. Treatment of liver tumours can be done percutaneously or as an open procedure during which the tumour can be visualised with an ultrasound probe placed directly on the surface of the liver.


id: sajr-1149
title: sajr-1149
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 554
sentence: 22
flesch: 28
cache: cache/sajr-1149.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1149.txt
summary:
  There was no statistically significant difference between infants and children (> 12 months) with reference to the frequency and distribution of airway compressions, lymphadenopathy and parenchymal findings. Conclusion: As opposed to older children, infants’ airways are more susceptible to complete airway compression as a result of LBTB.


id: sajr-1597
author: Corr, Peter
title: Ultrasound training and accreditation
date: 1996-09-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 211
sentence: 19
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-1597.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1597.txt
summary:
  There is an urgent need to provide adequate training and accreditation for ultrasound practitioners. The answer is clear - the sonologist who can perform an accurate diagnostic study after adequate training.


id: sajr-175
author: Naude, M; de Vries, C S; Nel, E F
title: Audit on breast biopsies of non-palpable and difficult-to-access lesions
date: 2006-02-21
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1761
sentence: 83
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-175.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-175.txt
summary:
  The fact that palpable as well as non-palpable breast lesions were sampled in the abovementioned study, made comparison with our audit very difficult. Therefore we wanted to develop a data- base of information regarding FNAB results at our own unit.


id: sajr-1253
title: sajr-1253
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4766
sentence: 212
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-1253.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1253.txt
summary:
  In a 10-year-long Swiss-based study of the epidemiology of knee injuries in over 17 000 athletically active patients, 50% of knee injuries were found to occur in patients between the ages of 20 and 29 years.7 Clinical examination is highly sensitive for diagnosing soft tissue injury in patients presenting, following knee injury such as occurring by falling, twisting injury or direct impact, with accuracy ranging between 75% and 96% for the diagnosis of significant ligament or meniscal injury demonstrated by Rayan et al.8 Magnetic resonance imaging is commonly used by the orthopaedic surgeon as an adjunct to clinical examination and is most useful in the setting of equivocal clinical examination or acute complex knee injury, when the presence of swelling and pain may limit the accuracy of clinical examination.4,8,9 Magnetic resonance imaging is highly accurate in the diagnosis of internal derangements of the knee.10 A systematic review comparing MRI and arthroscopy findings found high sensitivity and specificity for MRI detection of meniscal and cruciate ligament injury with figures between 88% and 99% for all structures except for a relatively lower sensitivity of 79% for the detection of lateral collateral ligament injury.10 A mechanism-based approach to complex post-trauma knee MRI interpretation is cited by several authors in the recent literature to provide increased reporting accuracy and efficiency, by allowing accurate prediction of injury to at-risk structures.3,4,11,12 An understanding of the biomechanics of the knee can heighten awareness of injury to key stabilising structures such as the posterolateral or posteromedial corner, as well as subtle but important injuries to key structures such as the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Bone bruising is the fundamental starting point in the identification of knee injury mechanism on MRI.


id: sajr-1118
title: sajr-1118
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1264
sentence: 65
flesch: 36
cache: cache/sajr-1118.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1118.txt
summary:
  Features that favour the diagnosis of cherubism include bilateral mandibular involvement and limitation to the mandible. The diagnosis, therefore, depends on clinico-radiological findings.2,3 Radiographic differential diagnoses for cherubism include cranio-facial fibrous dysplasia, Brown tumour of hyperparathyroidism, familial gigantiform cementoma,2,4 and central giant cell granuloma.3,5,6 Cherubism and fibrous dysplasia can be distinguished clinically and histologically.


id: sajr-167
author: Moosa, S; Andronikou, S
title: Spastic quadraparesis following a relatively minor injury - the 'os odontoideum'
date: 2006-02-22
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1310
sentence: 67
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-167.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-167.txt
summary:
  A diagnosis of os odontoideum with C1-2 subluxation and high cervical spinal cord compression was made. The aetiology of os odontoideum remains unsettled but this does not play a major role in its diagnosis or management.3


id: sajr-1133
title: sajr-1133
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1460
sentence: 85
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-1133.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1133.txt
summary:
  FIGURE 3: Axial T1-weighted MR image shows a heterogeneous mass lesion in left parietal bone causing bone destruction. Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) revealed a well-defined heterogeneous hyperdense mass lesion centred on the left parietal bone causing bone destruction, compressing the adjacent brain parenchyma and bulging into the scalp.


id: sajr-1411
author: du Toit, Andrew
title: Relevant radiological reporting
date: 2003-02-28
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 422
sentence: 18
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-1411.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1411.txt
summary:
  In private practice radiologists are pressurised to issue reports within minutes of the examination being completed. These new machines sometimes make pathology startlingly obvious, but does the interpretation that we convey in the report really help the clinician? Radiologists endeavour to keep pace with imaging advances, and invest in expensive hardware that requires ongoing investment in expensive software upgrades.


id: sajr-1650
author: Greniér, Philippe
title: Staging lung cancer
date: 2002-12-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1727
sentence: 82
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-1650.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1650.txt
summary:
  In small cell lung cancer (SCLC) treatment consists of chemotherapy with or without additional radiother- apy. 2. Stahel RA, Ginsberg R, Haveman K. Staging and prognostic factors in small cell lung cancer: a consensus report.


id: sajr-1661
title: sajr-1661
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2479
sentence: 120
flesch: 39
cache: cache/sajr-1661.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1661.txt
summary:
  Childhood ataxia and central nervous system hypomyelination (vanishing white matter disease) can be diagnosed on the account of all four obligatory criteria being met.9 Van der Knaap et al. have described obligatory and suggestive MRI criteria for the diagnosis of VWM in those patients with classical MRI findings (Table 1); however, the use of these criteria is not applicable to identify the rare and atypical MRI variants.10 TABLE 1: Magnetic resonance imaging criteria for the diagnosis of vanishing white matter. The gene for Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter is located on chromosome 3q27.


id: sajr-1403
author: Duncan, Ian C.; Sher, Basil J.
title: Dystrophic calcification in an old cerebral infarction
date: 2003-06-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 814
sentence: 33
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-1403.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1403.txt
summary:
  Other known causes of cerebral calcification are listed in Table I. To date no reports concerning the magnetic resonance imaging (MR!) appearance of dystrophic calcification in cerebral infarcts have appeared. Kuzuhara S, Naito Y, Namura Y, Takahashi R, Chiba K. CT demonstration of calcification within old cerebral infarcts.


id: sajr-1053
title: sajr-1053
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 306
sentence: 23
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-1053.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1053.txt
summary:
  FIGURE 3: Axial CT images of the upper abdomen: (a) pre-contrast study; (b) arterial phase; (c) portal venous phase. FIGURE 4: Axial CT images of the lower lung fields (a) and at the level of the left ventricle (b).


id: sajr-1088
title: sajr-1088
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2023
sentence: 121
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-1088.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1088.txt
summary:
  A final diagnosis was made of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome associated with vasospastic ischaemic change in both hemispheres (especially left frontal lobe) secondary to post-operative state, severe blood loss and haemotransfusion. The clinical and radiological spectrum of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: A prospective series of 67 patients.


id: sajr-12
title: SAJR 1020
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1762
sentence: 111
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-12.htm
txt: txt/sajr-12.txt
summary:
  The single umbilical artery was noted to be present more commonly in VA, and it was suggested by Temtamy et al.4 shortly after the initial description that V in VATER should include vascular, in addition to vertebral abnormalities. Recently, sonar has been introduced as a useful modality in the assessment of vertebral defects.


id: sajr-1383
author: Corr, Peter
title: Non-invasive coronary artery imaging
date: 2003-11-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 590
sentence: 35
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-1383.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1383.txt
summary:
  Comparison of 16 multislice CT with the gold standard of conventional coronary arteriography has demonstrated a 95% specificity and 86% sensitivity of multi- slice coronary CT angiography for the detection of coronary artery disease. Potential applications of this technology are the early detection of coronary atherosclerotic disease, the exclusion of coronary artery occlusion prior to patients undergoing major surgery, the exclusion of artery occlusion in patients with chest pain, and the follow-up of patients following coronary stenting or bypass grafting.


id: sajr-1034
title: sajr-1034
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3744
sentence: 158
flesch: 39
cache: cache/sajr-1034.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1034.txt
summary:
  According to Hall et al., lack of formal instruction for residents in reporting skills is because of a lack of consensus about what constitutes a good radiology report.15 In a study by Tsang et al., it was demonstrated that US report auditing with implementation of US skills training improves the accuracy rate of US reports of patients with obstructive jaundice.1 Recommendation of further imaging or other diagnostic tests and intervention is part of an efficient radiological report and helps facilitate further imaging and management of patients, especially when the US report is inconclusive.8,9 Objectives The objectives of the study were: to determine the diagnostic adequacy of US reports by application of a novel scoring system and to compare US report adequacy among practitioners of varying levels of experience (sonographers, junior doctors, senior doctors and consultants).


id: sajr-1611
author: Bateman, Eric D.; Stickells, David; Goodman, Hillel
title: The pathogenesis and radiological features of hut lung
date: 1996-05-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1810
sentence: 91
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-1611.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1611.txt
summary:
  Silica is the best .recognised fibrogenic dust in these studies, but several lines of evidence suggest that silica alone may not be responsible for the nodules seen in hut lung. The role of tuberculosis in patients with . hut lung is difficult to define.


id: sajr-1319
title: sajr-1319
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3443
sentence: 200
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-1319.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1319.txt
summary:
  Communication and commitment is also required by the emergency medical services, ED and radiology staff in order to prioritise stroke patients and to reduce delays. This is mainly because of time delays in patient presentation to hospital, as well as in-hospital delays such as protracted times in obtaining a CT scan.6,7,8 More than 60% of stroke patients present after the recommended 3 h window period in both developing and developed countries.6,7,8,9,10 Given the growing burden of stroke worldwide and the paucity of data from the developing world, the aim of this study was to investigate the time from stroke symptom onset to presentation to the emergency department (ED), the time from arrival to CT scan acquisition and the potential influencing factors.


id: sajr-1239
title: sajr-1239
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1840
sentence: 104
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-1239.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1239.txt
summary:
  Alternative differentials included atypical lower respiratory tract infection (including MAC infection) or lymphoma. Whilst the initial working diagnosis was that of MAC infection, pathology results had not met diagnostic criteria.


id: sajr-1768
title: sajr-1768
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4529
sentence: 286
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-1768.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1768.txt
summary:
  In fact, the majority of malignant bone lesions are on account of secondary metastatic deposits.3 The diagnosis of primary bone tumours is based on a triple combination of clinical, radiological and histopathological findings.4 Relevant clinical factors include age, history of trauma, systemic symptoms, mass, malignancy or infection and correlation with clinical examination and biochemistry.3,4 Radiologically, despite advances in cross-sectional computed tomography (CT) and high strength magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), standard radiographic imaging remains the mainstay in the initial diagnosis, and correlates best with the final histology.5,6 Supplementary CT is useful for evaluating the cortex and matrix, and MRI for determining the intramedullary and soft tissue extent, as well as in assessing for skip lesions and involvement of surrounding structures.2,7,8 It is important that the interpreting radiologist is familiar with the features of common benign bone tumours, as appropriate recognition of these lesions avoids unnecessary additional imaging or biopsy.9,10 Unfortunately, benign and malignant tumours could appear similar. Additionally, malignant bone lesions are relatively uncommon and copies of radiographs of patients referred for biopsy from outside institutions were not universally available for review.


id: sajr-1785
author: Corr, Peter
title: Status of MR in South Africa
date: 2000-08-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 590
sentence: 31
flesch: 59
cache: cache/sajr-1785.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1785.txt
summary:
  Coronary MR imaging is becoming a reality and the role of cardiology in MR imaging will have to be addressed by the radiology society and speciality. For radiologists to protect their referral base, they will have to keep up-to-date with the recent advances in MR technology and ultra fast imaging.


id: sajr-1730
title: sajr-1730
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4077
sentence: 203
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-1730.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1730.txt
summary:
  A pictorial and radiographic guide for identification of prosthetic heart valve devices. Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) include implantable cardiac pacemakers, ICDs, CRT devices (also known as biventricular devices) and implantable cardiac monitors.


id: sajr-1161
title: sajr-1161
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 454
sentence: 22
flesch: 35
cache: cache/sajr-1161.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1161.txt
summary:
  Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. There was a statistically significant difference in the quality of chest radiographs of children aged 0 months – 18 months and those aged 37 months – 156 months (p < 0.05).


id: sajr-1180
author: Office, Editorial
title: Acknowledgement to reviewers
date: 2017-01-18
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 444
sentence: 15
flesch: 39
cache: cache/sajr-1180.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1180.txt
summary:
  SAJR 19_1&2 Book File.indb Reviewer Acknowledgement Open Accesshttp://www.sajr.org.za Page 1 of 1 The editorial team of SA Journal of Radiology recognises the value and importance of peer reviewers in the overall publication process – not only in shaping individual manuscripts, but also in shaping the credibility and reputation of our journal. It is good practice as a reviewer to update your personal details regularly to ensure contact with you throughout your professional term as reviewer to SA Journal of Radiology.


id: sajr-1214
title: sajr-1214
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3078
sentence: 186
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-1214.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1214.txt
summary:
  Conclusion: Most patients who had undergone pharmacomechanical thrombolysis for extensive iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis showed few significant clinical signs of chronic venous insufficiency, had excellent function on venous ultrasound and reported excellent QoL. Introduction Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a multifactorial disease that may manifest as deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE) or both. Abstract Background: Chronic venous insufficiency is an important complication following iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis.


id: sajr-1709
title: sajr-1709
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4853
sentence: 248
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-1709.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1709.txt
summary:
  Direct imaging features of aortic vascular injuries include rupture with contrast extravasation (grade IV injury), pseudoaneurysm (grade III injury) which is an outpouching contained within the adventitia, intramural haematoma or dissection (grade II injury) and intimal tear/ flap (grade I injury), which appears as a thin filling defect with or without adherent thrombus (Figures 4, 5 and 6).14 Results: Thirty-nine patients with vascular injury findings were analysed.


id: sajr-1606
author: Sathekge, M. M.; Clauss, R. P.
title: Tc99m Diphosphonate imaging: Giant cell tumours on MDP scanning
date: 1996-09-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1378
sentence: 70
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-1606.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1606.txt
summary:
  Maximum uptake (phase III) in the giant cell tumour was compared with contralateral normal bone uptake by image profile. Krasnow!\Z, Zsitman AT, Collier D, et al: Flow study and SPEer irnagingfor the diagnosis of Giant Cell tumour of bone: ClinNudMa:11988; 13:89-92 IQ, Shifrin L Z: Giant Cell tumourofbone.


id: sajr-1189
title: sajr-1189
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5302
sentence: 248
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-1189.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1189.txt
summary:
  Left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV), left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV), left common trunk (LCT), right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV), right inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV), left atrium (LA); (b) Three-dimensional model. Left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV), left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV), right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV), middle lobe pulmonary vein (MLPV), first right inferior pulmonary vein (1st RIPV), second right inferior pulmonary vein (2nd RIPV) and third right inferior pulmonary vein (3rd RIPV).


id: sajr-1404
author: Duncan, Ian C.
title: 'The ghost in the machine'
date: 2003-06-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 58
sentence: 2
flesch: 18
cache: cache/sajr-1404.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1404.txt
summary:
  PICTORIAL INTERLU DE 'The ghost in the machine' Ian C Duncan FFRad (D) SA Unitas Interventional Unit Centurion An artefactual image created by superimposition of the temporal bones in a near- lateral projection after mask acquisition and three-dimensional computer-gener- ated reconstruction during a cerebral digital subtraction rotational angiographic study. 36 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2003


id: sajr-1139
title: sajr-1139
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 498
sentence: 24
flesch: 35
cache: cache/sajr-1139.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1139.txt
summary:
  Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. Paediatric DRLs (n = 14, 26%) constituted approximately one-quarter of published work.


id: sajr-1598
author: Lots, J.; Beningfield, S. J.
title: Telemedicine Forum being established
date: 1996-09-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 678
sentence: 30
flesch: 33
cache: cache/sajr-1598.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1598.txt
summary:
  The same need for standards must apply to the rapidly germinating field of telemedicine, as a specialized hybrid branch of information technology and medicine. Standards may well differ according to individual circum- stances of specific telemedicine systems, with the various permutations of potential links between and within hospitals, prac- tices, clinics and homes.


id: sajr-1122
title: sajr-1122
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 456
sentence: 28
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-1122.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1122.txt
summary:
  Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. About the Author(s) Kevin Daffue Department of Clinical Imaging Science, University of the Free State, South Africa Citation Daffue K. Computed tomography stroke findings and population demographics at Pelonomi Hospital, Bloemfontein.


id: sajr-1680
author: Office, Editorial
title: Acknowledgement to reviewers
date: 2018-11-26
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 511
sentence: 19
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-1680.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1680.txt
summary:
  The editorial team of the SA Journal of Radiology recognises the value and importance of peer reviewers in the overall publication process – not only in shaping individual manuscripts, but also in shaping the credibility and reputation of our journal. In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the SA Journal of Radiology, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https:// sajr.org.za for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts.


id: sajr-127
author: Erasmus, L.J.; Hurter, D.; Naude, M.; Kritzinger, H.G.; Acho, S.
title: A short overview of MRI artefacts
date: 2004-06-09
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2816
sentence: 168
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-127.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-127.txt
summary:
  Surface coil artefact: high signal at anteri- or thoracic wall adjacent to surface coil. Fig. 11. Reduction of these artefacts can be attempted by orientating the long axis of an implant or device parallel to the long axis of the external magnetic field, possible with mobile extremity imaging and an open magnet.5,6 Further methods used are choosing the appropriate frequency encoding direction, since metal artefacts are most pronounced in this direction,4 using smaller voxel sizes,5 fast imaging sequences,6 increased readout band- width5,6 and avoiding gradient-echo imaging when metal is present.5 A technique called MARS (metal arte- fact reduction sequence) applies an additional gradient, along the slice select gradient at the time the fre- quency encoding gradient is applied.5 Signal processing- dependent artefacts The ways in which the data are sampled, processed and mapped out on the image matrix manifest these artefacts.


id: sajr-1413
author: Solomon, D. J.
title: Reporting the small bowel examination
date: 2003-02-28
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1201
sentence: 50
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-1413.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1413.txt
summary:
  Conclusion The pathological spectrum of small bowel disease is wide, and other than the pathognomonic features of Crohn's disease, all abnormalities have a differential diagnosis that should be interpreted in conjunction with the patient's clinical history and consulta- tion with the referring doctor. Ultrasound, CT and more recently MR all contribute to assessment of small bowel pathology but generally the initial request is for a barium small bowel examination.


id: sajr-1786
author: Emby, D. J.
date: 2000-01-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2
sentence: 1
flesch: 120
summary: PDF File
cache: cache/sajr-1786.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1786.txt
title:
  Pitfalls in Spinal Radiology: Association between the Hangman's fracture and an extension teardrop fracture of the body of C2


id: sajr-1624
author: Beningfield, S. J.
title: Multimedia in radiology education
date: 1996-03-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 895
sentence: 36
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-1624.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1624.txt
summary:
  Yetitis odd th at even as a self- confessed computer fan I arn seldom drawn to spend much time at computer exhibits at congresses. The high technical demands of the visual data in radiology images stresses all but the top of the range computer systems.


id: sajr-1591
author: Movson, I. J.
title: Whither breast Imaging in South Africa?
date: 1996-11-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2397
sentence: 133
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-1591.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1591.txt
summary:
  If there is a strong family history of breast carcinoma at an early stage, i.e. the patient's mother or sister had a carcinoma at an early age, our criterion for not under- taking the mammogram is not so strict. I am sure that all radiologists involved in mammography will confirm that underillumination and underpenetration of the breast associated with inadequate compression of the breast are very impor- tant reasons for the missed diagnosis of breast carcinoma.


id: sajr-1651
author: Schwartz, Lawrence H.
title: Imaging in oncology: From unknown primary to therapy response assessment
date: 2002-12-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1600
sentence: 76
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-1651.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1651.txt
summary:
  Unknown primary tumors actual- ly encompass a heterogeneous group of tumors with various clinical pre- sentations, imaging features, treat- ments and outcomes. FDG PET detection of unknown primary tumors.


id: sajr-1662
title: sajr-1662
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2354
sentence: 98
flesch: 35
cache: cache/sajr-1662.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1662.txt
summary:
  Introduction Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant tumour of skeletal cell morphology, with the most common sites in the paediatric population being the head and neck, genitourinary system and extremities.1,2,3 Embryonal biliary RMS is considered a rare entity with only about 50 cases being described in the literature, the largest being a series involving 25 patients over a period of 25 years.2 Given the low incidence of biliary RMS, the diagnosis is challenging, making the imaging evaluation of particular importance in defining the site of origin and tumour extent.3 The demonstration of enhancement of intraductal material within the biliary tree on MRI and the presence of arterial waveforms within the intraductal mass on ultrasound assists in the differentiation between biliary RMS and a choledochal cyst.


id: sajr-1036
title: sajr-1036
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1434
sentence: 89
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-1036.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1036.txt
summary:
  The posterior pituitary and median eminence of the hypothalamus are derived from the neuroectoderm at the base of the forebrain, and the infundibulum or pituitary stalk originates from the ventromedial hypothalamus. Introduction Typically, pituitary adenomas are intrasellar in location, but infrequently, pituitary tumours may occur ectopically within pituitary rests.


id: sajr-1760
title: sajr-1760
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2552
sentence: 107
flesch: 34
cache: cache/sajr-1760.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1760.txt
summary:
  Pancreatic vascular malformations are best managed in a multidisciplinary setting with extensive experience in the treatment of vascular anomalies, as the treatment differs based on the size, location, associations and complications. The differential diagnosis based on imaging studies was that of a pancreatic vascular neoplasm; however, with the laboratory evidence of Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon (KMP), this prompted the diagnosis of pancreatic kaposiform hemangioendothelioma.


id: sajr-1162
title: sajr-1162
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 528
sentence: 20
flesch: 29
cache: cache/sajr-1162.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1162.txt
summary:
  Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. Patterns of the cortical watershed continuum of term gestation hypoxic ischaemic injury – The ‘wish-bone sign’.


id: sajr-1386
author: Msimang, Saziso; Corr, Peter
date: 2003-11-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1091
sentence: 78
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-1386.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1386.txt
title:
  Recurrent life-threatening haemoptysis in pulmonary tuberculosis — the importance of pulmonary angiography

summary:
  The patient also received a blood transfusion and was booked for bronchial artery embolisation. Bronchial artery embolotherapy for control of acute hemoptysis: analysis of out- come.


id: sajr-131
author: Potgieter, H.F.; Loggenberg, E
title: Endovascular foreign objects retrieved by interventional radiologists at Universitas Hospital
date: 2004-06-09
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 950
sentence: 60
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-131.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-131.txt
summary:
  Radiology_Aug04 Abstract During the past 4 years, 15 patients have undergone intravascular removal of foreign bodies — 9 central venous line fragments, 3 guidewires, 2 pace- maker leads and 1 misplaced emboli- sation coil. The percuta- neous removal of foreign bodies is efficient with few complications.


id: sajr-123
author: Misser, S.K.; Maharajh, J.M.
title: Pulmonary artery aneurysm
date: 2004-06-09
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 884
sentence: 57
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-123.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-123.txt
summary:
  An echocardiogram confirmed pulmonary valvular stenosis with post-stenotic dilatation and pul- monary artery aneurysm formation. We then proceeded to perform a computed tomography scan, which revealed a massively dilated main pul- monary artery as well as dilated right and left pulmonary arteries.


id: sajr-1362
title: sajr-1362
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5722
sentence: 351
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-1362.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1362.txt
summary:
  The perennial problem of epileptic power supply in the country has had a pernicious effect on radiology training. In addition to the general proposals for improving postgraduate medical education in Nigeria (comprehensive structural or organisational review, improved funding, curriculum review, retraining of trainers and incorporation of regular appraisal or monitoring or evaluation),2 the following would help to improve radiology training in particular: Commencement of subspecialty training in the country is necessary.36 The Society for Paediatric Imaging in Nigeria (SPIN)41 and the Nigeria Society for Interventional Radiology (NiSIR) have already been formed but are still in its infancy.


id: sajr-1306
title: sajr-1306
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1975
sentence: 82
flesch: 32
cache: cache/sajr-1306.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1306.txt
summary:
  Immunotherapies approved for the treatment of MS have proven ineffective and even appear to aggravate NMO relapses.1 The diagnostic limitations of complex neurological findings in patients who present with overlapping upper and lower motor neuron signs remain a challenge for health care practitioners, especially in resource-limited centres. The recent advances in the identification of autoimmune biomarkers and the widening spectrum of imaging findings in NMO necessitate that the clinician and radiologist keep abreast of the current diagnostic tools and criteria that distinguish NMO from other demyelinating conditions.


id: sajr-170
author: Strachan, M; Vadachia, Y; Przbojewski, S
title: The meandering inferior mesenteric artery
date: 2006-02-22
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 485
sentence: 29
flesch: 39
cache: cache/sajr-170.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-170.txt
summary:
  Digital subtraction arteriogram shows prograde filling of the abdomi- nal aorta, bilateral renal arteries and inferior mesenteric artery. There is no filling of the celiac axis or superior mesenteric artery, implying stenosis or cut-off of these vessels.


id: sajr-1599
author: Corr, Peter
title: Echo enhancing agents in ultrasound
date: 1996-09-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 585
sentence: 39
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-1599.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1599.txt
summary:
  U1trasonographic echo enhancing agents. Practical applications will be initially limited to colour flow ultrasound but the third generation agents have such signifi- cant reflectivity that they may be used with grey scale as well.


id: sajr-1257
title: sajr-1257
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3476
sentence: 209
flesch: 33
cache: cache/sajr-1257.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1257.txt
summary:
  Classification IRIS is typically classified as either unmasking or paradoxical; however, this distinction may be difficult, as both forms may coexist in the same child and other explanations for the findings should be considered.15 Unmasking IRIS refers to clinical features related to a previously undiagnosed, asymptomatic or subclinical infection, whereas paradoxical IRIS is worsening of a previously diagnosed or partially treated condition. Paradoxical tuberculosis (TB) reactions are the best known examples of this.10,11 Epidemiology Early, retrospective studies estimated IRIS incidence as high as 30%; however, more recent evidence suggests a much lower rate of < 10%.5,6,12,13 A recent South African study using the International Network for the Study of HIV-associated IRIS criteria reported a paradoxical TB-IRIS incidence of 4.8% among 104 children under 8 years of age.14


id: sajr-1607
author: Short, Roger
title: Connectivity, Teleradiology and beyond (Part one)
date: 1996-09-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1297
sentence: 65
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-1607.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1607.txt
summary:
  • Integrate image data with diagnostic in- formation to improve the diagnostic proc- ess. • The principle is that transmis- sion, display, manipulation and storage of digital images should offer physicians clini- cal advantages, improve operation of health care institutions, and ultimately optimise patient service.


id: sajr-1123
title: sajr-1123
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 485
sentence: 27
flesch: 30
cache: cache/sajr-1123.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1123.txt
summary:
  Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr. Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. With a high index of suspicion for lymphoma, the child underwent multiple imaging modalities including chest and long bone radiography, abdominal ultrasound, contrast-enhanced chest and abdominal computed tomography (CT), with positron emission tomography (PET) and chest and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).


id: sajr-176
author: Kotze, D J; Erasmus, L J
title: MRI findings in proven Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) spondylitis
date: 2006-02-21
pages: 7
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2008
sentence: 125
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-176.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-176.txt
summary:
  Vertebral involvement • level(s) affected • number of vertebrae involved • complete destruction • partial destruction (including anterior, posterior and diffuse ver- tebral body involvement) • signal intensities in partially affected vertebrae • iso-intense, hyper-intense or hypo-intense compared with normal vertebrae 2. Disc involvement • Destruction • Partial destruction (including height loss and fragmentation) • Complete destruction • Septae present 4. Longitudinal ligament involvement • Elevation • Destruction • Anterior/posterior location MRI findings in proven Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) spondylitis ORIGINAL ARTICLE � SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2006 D J Kotzé, MB ChB L J Erasmus, MB ChB Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein Table I. Level of epicentre of vertebral involvement N = 23 % High thoracic (T1-4) 4 17 Mid thoracic (T5-8) 6 26 Lower thoracic (T9-12) 6 26 L1 0 0 L2 2 9 L3 2 9 L4 3 13 L5 0 0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE pg6-12.indd 6 7/11/06 12:46:04 PM Results Vertebral involvement There was complete destruction of at least one vertebral body in 14 patients (69%) (11 of 16 (69%) patients with thoracic and 3 of 7 (43%) with lumbar involvement).


id: sajr-1092
title: sajr-1092
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4036
sentence: 240
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-1092.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1092.txt
summary:
  Since the 2016 RCR Observership, the CR has employed a part-time IT consultant to configure the digital oral examination and to manage a central repository of oral examination cases. For the past 5 years the CR has employed a part-time IT consultant to configure the LCR examination and to manage a central repository of LCR examination cases.


id: sajr-1612
author: Young, C. M.
title: Mediastinal assessment in traumatic rupture of the aorta
date: 1996-05-31
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2822
sentence: 136
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-1612.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1612.txt
summary:
  Transverse mediastinal width (the vascular pedicle) There was such an extreme overlap of values of mediastinal width and Mie ratio between normals and abnormals, that precise meas- urement could not reliably separate the two groups.


id: sajr-1732
title: sajr-1732
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3495
sentence: 177
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-1732.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1732.txt
summary:
  Rishi P. Mathew Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Timothy Alexander Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Vimal Patel Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Gavin Low Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Citation Mathew RP, Alexander T, Patel V, Low G. Chest radiographs of cardiac devices (Part 2): Ventricular assist devices. Patients who are unfit or waiting for cardiac transplantation may benefit from alternate mechanical support therapies using ventricular assist devices.


id: sajr-1788
author: Bunea, G.; Copley, I. B.; Ajani, O.
title: A case of cerebral venous thrombosis following the use of contraceptive medication
date: 2000-01-31
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1686
sentence: 88
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-1788.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1788.txt
summary:
  Computerized to- mography (CT) done at the peripheral hospital (Figure 1 and 2) was reported as a large subdural haematoma (possi- ble venous sinus) occipitally; blood in the quadrigeminal cisterns, possible subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), blood in the region of the straight si- nus. Any involve- ment of the posterior two-thirds is as- sociated with cerebral oedema indi- cated by engorgement of retinal veins, topage34 A case of cerebral venous thrombosis follo\Ni ng the use of contraceptive medication frompage33 meningism and decreased level of consciousness.


id: sajr-1215
title: sajr-1215
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3459
sentence: 193
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-1215.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1215.txt
summary:
  Most authors, therefore, distinguish between cryptococcosis-related and ‘other’ lesions.5,6 In a previous study from Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria, we looked at the clinical presentation and outcomes of all patients admitted with cryptococcal meningitis over a 2-year period.7 However, because of the high burden of patients and the limited resources, only a relatively small number of admitted patients with cryptococcal meningitis underwent cerebral imaging so that we did not analyse the radiological data. The mean CD4 count of the patients that were scanned was 44 cells/µL; and not greatly differing from the mean CD4 count in the whole cohort of CM patients of 52 cells/µL. The overall mortality in the patients that underwent CT brain imaging was 33.3%, hence, very similar to the in-patient mortality in the total cohort of patients with cryptococcal meningitis


id: sajr-1590
author: Corr, Peter
title: 1997: Global links, world wide web and much more!
date: 1996-11-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 221
sentence: 11
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-1590.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1590.txt
summary:
  Global links, world wide web and much more! PeterCorr MBChB, FFRAD(D)SA, FRCR, MMed(UCn Department of Radiology, UniversIty of Natal B y the time you read this, 1997 will be around the corner' SAJR has successfully survived its first year] As South Africa is an Indian Ocean rim country, we have established ties with the Singapore Radiology Society and their journal: Diagnostic Clinics in the Singapore Medical Journal (SMJ). We will be publishing in this edition a reprint of a case report from the Diagnostic Clinics Series of the SMJ.


id: sajr-1415
author: Hacking, G. E.B.; Steyn, R. C.; Matley, P. J.
title: Helical CT of abdominal aortic aneurysms prior to endovascular stent graft repair
date: 2003-02-28
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1954
sentence: 87
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-1415.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1415.txt
summary:
  al CT images (Figs 4 and 5) to mea- sure diameters of vessels with long axes perpendicular to the axial plane (the usual orientation of the abdomi- nal aorta and most AAM). For similar reasons we prefer to use MIP images for vessel length measurements because calculations based on the table positions of axial images do not take vessel obliquity or tortuosity into account, which results in length underestimation due to geo- metrical foreshortening.


id: sajr-1055
title: sajr-1055
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5746
sentence: 329
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-1055.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1055.txt
summary:
  Diagnostic and prognostic value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies. Insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.


id: sajr-1683
title: sajr-1683
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2346
sentence: 118
flesch: 34
cache: cache/sajr-1683.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1683.txt
summary:
  Introduction Uterine leiomyomas are a common benign neoplasm of the female pelvis, with a reported prevalence of 20%–40% in women of reproductive age.1,2,3 They are predominantly composed of smooth muscle cells with variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue.2 The current literature suggests that the majority of women with uterine fibroids will have normal pregnancy outcomes.4 No link was established between intra-uterine foetal demise and uterine leiomyomas in a meta-analysis in 2008.5 Subserosal leiomyomas in particular were also not found to be a significant cause of poor pregnancy outcome.6 However, the literature involving leiomyomas in pregnancy can be problematic to assess as many different variables have been described, including size, number, location, type and gestational age at detection. Accurate diagnosis of leiomyomas in pregnancy is particularly important in a South African context as an increased prevalence of leiomyomas in the African population was described by Stewart et al.3 Local advances in reproductive health, as well as the current trend of delaying childbearing, further increase the relevance to the South African population, as treating clinicians can expect to see more women with leiomyomas presenting for antenatal and obstetric care.5 Typical leiomyomas are readily diagnosed radiologically; however, the appearance of uterine leiomyomas is commonly altered by degenerative changes including cystic, hyaline, myxoid and red degeneration.


id: sajr-1353
title: sajr-1353
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 7311
sentence: 474
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-1353.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1353.txt
summary:
  With improved scan resolution and correctly applied clinical indications, the specificity of breast MRI has markedly improved in recent years. Current literature indicates an overall sensitivity for breast MRI of 98% – 100% and specificity of 88%.


id: sajr-1388
author: Scher, A. T.
title: Questioning standard imaging protocols
date: 2003-08-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 418
sentence: 16
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-1388.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1388.txt
summary:
  Sports imaging in South Africa has become the latest addi- tion to the multifaceted Radiology discipline. This problem is being tackled urgently by the Colleges of Medicine of South Africa, and hopefully a suit- able agreement between the universities offering the MMed degree and the Colleges of Medicine will be arrived at.


id: sajr-1245
title: sajr-1245
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 527
sentence: 24
flesch: 32
cache: cache/sajr-1245.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1245.txt
summary:
  The overall ability to detect paediatric extremity fractures (sensitivity) was unchanged (80%) with and without comparison radiographs (p = 0.28). Conclusion: There is an overestimation of the value of comparison radiographs in diagnosing paediatric extremity fractures.


id: sajr-171
author: Pienaar, M; Brandt, A; van der Merwe, D; Hlongwane, S; Dajee, S I
title: Subarachnoid or subdural effusion?
date: 2006-02-22
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 414
sentence: 27
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-171.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-171.txt
summary:
  The frontal lobes stay parallel to the interhemi- spheric fissure with subarachnoid effusions, in contrast to subdural effusions. The inter- hemispheric fissure anteriorly can be V-shaped or asymmetrical, as the hemisphere is displaced away from the falx at an angle (Figs 2a and b).2 Subarachnoid effusions emphasise the gyral outlines as the subarachnoid spaces enlarge, especially over the Subarachnoid or subdural effusion? M Pienaar, BSc, MB ChB A Brandt, MB ChB G Dekker, MB ChB, MMed (Fam)


id: sajr-1182
title: sajr-1182
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 455
sentence: 23
flesch: 36
cache: cache/sajr-1182.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1182.txt
summary:
  Are cranial ultrasound requests and reports adequate at two academic hospitals in Johannesburg? Conference Abstract Are cranial ultrasound requests and reports adequate at two academic hospitals in Johannesburg? Ntebogang P. Mutshutshu, Linda T. Hlabangana Copyright: © 2017.


id: sajr-1363
title: sajr-1363
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1410
sentence: 75
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-1363.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1363.txt
summary:
  References Psathas ED, Lioudaki S, Doulaptsis M, Charalampoudis P, Klonaris C, Verikokos C. Clinical manifestations of aortocaval fistulas in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: Report of two cases. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9610(98)00166-4 Kumar Y, Hooda K, Li S, Goyal P, Gupta N, Adeb M. Abdominal aortic aneurysm: Pictorial review of common appearances and complications.


id: sajr-1326
title: sajr-1326
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1702
sentence: 94
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-1326.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1326.txt
summary:
  Hand and pelvis radiographs were normal. FIGURE 1: Lateral radiograph of the skull shows normal bone density with wormian bones in the lambdoid suture (hollow arrow), prognathism and supernumerary teeth (white arrow). A lateral radiograph of the skull (Figure 1) showed normal bone density, wormian bones (white arrow), mandibular prognathism and supernumerary teeth.


id: sajr-1626
author: Short, Roger
title: The development of the imaging camera: CRT to Laser
date: 1996-03-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1670
sentence: 79
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-1626.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1626.txt
summary:
  Today there are seven major manufacturers of laser imagers,namely Agfa, DuPont, Fuji, Kodak, Konica,3M and Polaroid. Much research and development is underway developing Local Area Networks (LAN), Image Gateways, Picture Achiving and Communications Systems (PACS) to fully utilise the potential of laser imagers.


id: sajr-1663
title: sajr-1663
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1423
sentence: 73
flesch: 35
cache: cache/sajr-1663.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1663.txt
summary:
  On imaging, it appears as a rounded lucent lesion and is usually thin-walled.6 In comparison, a cavity is a lucent lesion within an area of consolidation or within a nodule.6 A nodule is classified as a rounded opacity measuring up to 3 cm, and may appear poorly or well-defined.6 Cavitation of solid pulmonary nodules may be spontaneous or therapy-induced, from either chemotherapy or radiotherapy.7 Upper lobe and centrally located lesions are more likely to cavitate.7 Whilst squamous cell carcinomas are renowned for cavitating pulmonary lesions, other possible primaries include sarcomas, and gastrointestinal, bladder or pancreatic malignancies.4,5 It has been well-documented that certain chemotherapy agents are known to induce cavitation.1–3 Several postulated mechanisms included tumour necrosis or insinuation of air with a check-valve mechanism into the tumour.1–3 Spontaneous pneumothoraces have also been reported in previous literature, citing increased intrathoracic pressures following emetic sequelae of chemotherapy or possible bronchopleural fistulae formation from tumour lysis/necrosis, as aetiologies.2 Rupture of sub-pleural bullae or emphysematous bullae have also been postulated.8 Such patients were subsequently treated with closed chest tube insertion and chemical pleurodesis.2 Conclusion The evolution of solid pulmonary metastases to cavitating and then cystic lesions, as a consequence of therapy, is a fairly rare entity albeit an important one to consider. The progression of solid pulmonary metastases to simple cysts is an uncommon therapy-related consequence, but an important entity to recognise, not only as an indicator of good treatment response, but also to evaluate for potential life-threatening complications such as spontaneous pneumothoraces.


id: sajr-180
author: Ojo, A; Fynn, E
title: Multiple meningiomas
date: 2006-02-21
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1226
sentence: 67
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-180.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-180.txt
summary:
  Multiple meningiomas are not infrequently found in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2); however, they occur much less frequently in cases of sporadic meningioma.2 Cases Three female patients presented with multiple meningiomas. In this case series we report 3 cases of female patients with multiple meningiomas with distinct radiological features.


id: sajr-1150
title: sajr-1150
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 566
sentence: 26
flesch: 34
cache: cache/sajr-1150.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1150.txt
summary:
  Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr. Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. Curved reformat of the paediatric brain into a ‘Mercator/flat-earth map’ – A standardised method for demonstrating cortical surface atrophy resulting from hypoxic ischaemic injury.


id: sajr-1653
author: Reiser, Maximilian F.
title: The role of MRI in bone marrow imaging
date: 2002-12-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1523
sentence: 87
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-1653.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1653.txt
summary:
  STAR ABSTRACT The role of MRI in bone marrow imaging Maximilian FReiser MD MRI has unique capabilities in the visualization of both the normal and abnormal bone marrow. In-vivo measurement of spin lattice relaxation time (Tl) of bone marrow in healthy volunteers: the effects of age and sex.


id: sajr-1787
author: Whitehorn, R.
title: Computer technology update
date: 2000-01-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2175
sentence: 85
flesch: 67
cache: cache/sajr-1787.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1787.txt
summary:
  It is their digital nature that has made modern computers so reliable and successful. equip with, perform by, produce by, computer.


id: sajr-159
author: Misser, S K; Maharajh, J; Campbell, H T; Naidoo, M; Gounden, A A
title: Post-emetic oesophageal rupture - successful conservative management
date: 2006-02-25
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1038
sentence: 74
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-159.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-159.txt
summary:
  syndrome, also known as spontaneous oesophageal rupture or post-emetic oesophageal rupture (PEOR), is perhaps one of the more challenging clinical syndromes encountered in general surgical practice. Discussion Boerhaave’s syndrome, also known as post-emetic oesophageal rupture (PEOR), is one of the more challenging clinical syndromes encoun- tered in general surgical practice.


id: sajr-118
author: Duncan, Ian C; Fourie, P.A.; le Grange, C.E.; van der Walt, H.A.
title: Endovascular treatment of intractable epistaxis - results of a 4-year local audit
date: 2004-06-09
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5340
sentence: 276
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-118.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-118.txt
summary:
  Nasal packing has a reported failure rate of 26 - 52% and a complication rate of 69%.14,16 Complications related to packing include nasal trauma, vaso- vagal response, aspiration, displace- ment of the packing, persistent bleed- ing, infection, toxic shock syndrome and hypoxia.15,17 Surgical approaches include transantral ligation of the dis- tal IMAX and ligation of the ethmoid arteries for superior epistaxis.3 More recently endoscopic cauterisation and arterial ligation techniques have been described, although these are techni- cally more demanding.18-20 Since the advent of nasal embolisation in 1974,7 the endovascular management of epistaxis has become an established alternative to surgical ligation. Average costs per embolisation procedure Year Rands US dollars ($1 = R8) 1999 R 16 628 US$2 078 2000 R 15 993 US$1 999 2001 R 18 551 US$2 319 2002 R 22 761 US$2 845 2003 R 22 136 US$2 767 The above excludes all hospitalisation costs and professional private fees for the referring ENT specialist and anaesthetist.


id: sajr-1309
title: sajr-1309
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2514
sentence: 150
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-1309.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1309.txt
summary:
  Introduction Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) is a spectrum of life-threatening aortic diseases consisting of aortic dissection (AD), intramural haematoma (IMH) and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU).1 Acute aortic syndrome is often part of a large clinical group of patients presenting with acute chest pain to the emergency room and often difficult to distinguish initially from other causes such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and so on. FIGURE 1: Axial unenhanced computed tomography scan of thorax demonstrating displaced intimal calcification (arrow), suggesting aortic dissection.


id: sajr-1418
author: Payne, Martyn; Linegar, Anthony G.
title: Lung cancer: What the surgeon needs to know
date: 2003-02-28
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2371
sentence: 129
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-1418.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1418.txt
summary:
  I I Positron emission tomography PET scanning relies on the increased metabolism of glucose in tumour cells to characterise glands and masses. Approximately 80% of lung can- cers are categorised as non-small cell tumours (NSCLCA) and the rest (20%) are small cell tumours.


id: sajr-1044
title: sajr-1044
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3081
sentence: 191
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-1044.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1044.txt
summary:
  In the period prior to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the prognosis is poor once the cardiovascular system is affected, which is related in part to the late stage of the disease as well as the fact that certain cardiac complications are in themselves a prominent cause of death.9 In developed countries, coronary artery disease is the most common manifestation, mainly owing to accelerated atherosclerosis in patients on ART treatment.10 Amongst HIV survivors in Botswana, there is a high prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) in younger patients, which conceivably can lead to an increase in mortality owing to premature CVD in these populations.11 In sub-Saharan Africa, however, pericardial tuberculosis and its sequelae, myocarditis and cardiomyopathy still comprise the predominant CVD presentations.12 CMR is a highly reliable modality used to assess myocardial morphology and function;13 however, the majority of, if not all, CMR studies in HIV-infected patients have been performed on patients already receiving ART therapy.14,15,16 Consequently, the objective of the present study was to assess the frequency and type of cardiovascular manifestations on CMR in patients with HIV infection who were not yet on treatment with ART, versus a control group who were HIV-uninfected and with no known overt CVD. Comprehensive cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy reveal a high burden of myocardial disease in HIV patients.


id: sajr-168
author: Erlank, A; Parsons, J J; Cilliers, G; Schultze, O C; Ackermann, C; Lameen, H
title: Lumbar vertebra chordoma
date: 2006-02-22
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 539
sentence: 34
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-168.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-168.txt
summary:
  Only 6% of spinal chordomas originate in the lumbar region. CASE REPORT 37 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • September 2006 Abstract Spinal chordomas in the lumbar region are rare and can easily be overlooked in the differential diagnosis of vertebral column tumours.


id: sajr-1392
author: de Villiers, R. V.P.
title: Jumper's knee
date: 2003-08-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 888
sentence: 82
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-1392.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1392.txt
summary:
  Transverse ultrasound scan of infra- patellar tendon. Transverse T2 fat-saturation study shows marked hyperintense changes in the infrapatel/ar tendon.


id: sajr-142
author: Lockhat, Zarina; van de Werke, Irma; van der Walt, Betsie
date: 2004-06-05
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2374
sentence: 140
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-142.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-142.txt
title:
  Bilateral low-density lesions in the internal capsule, with confirmed cryptococcus meningitis and CNS toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients

summary:
  On MR spectroscopy, toxoplasma lesions have markedly increased lipid and lactate peaks with a decrease in other metabolites, while lymphoma has only a mild or moderate increase on lactate and lipids, but a substantial increase in the choline peak (thought to be due to increased cellularity). Pre-contrast CT toxoplasma lesions appear as rounded masses that are rel- atively isodense compared with grey matter and they can often be detected on pre-contrast CT due to the adja- cent oedema and mass effect.


id: sajr-1437
author: Ebrahim, N.
title: Development of a postural support device for crosstable radiography of the extremities
date: 2002-09-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1272
sentence: 66
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-1437.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1437.txt
summary:
  Fig. 3 illustrates the application of the device during cross-table lateral radiography of the hip joint. SHORT REPORT Development of a postural support device for cross- table radiography of the extremities N Ebrahim Nat Dip Rad (Diag), FETe (London), MSc Radiography (Diag) (UK) Department of Radiography Medical University of Southern Africa Introduction A postural support device (*RSA Registered Design Application No. F2002/0033) was originally developed to provide irnrnobilisation for patients requiring cross-table radiography of the hip joint.


id: sajr-178
author: Henning, Z; le Grange, S M; du Toit, R S
title: Degenerative leiomyopathy
date: 2006-02-21
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1142
sentence: 74
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-178.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-178.txt
summary:
  It then progresses to the rest of the large bowel, as well as small bowel. The patient was a thin girl with severe abdominal distension.


id: sajr-121
author: Corr, P.
title: Focal fatty infiltration and focal fatty sparing of the liver
date: 2004-06-09
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1379
sentence: 76
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-121.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-121.txt
summary:
  Radiologists should always remember to include an unen- hanced CT study in their liver imaging protocols and to measure the CT den- sity of focal liver lesions if they are unsure of the diagnosis. Ultrasonic hepatic pseudole- sions: normal parenchyma mimicking mass lesions in fatty liver.


id: sajr-1448
author: Potgieter, P.; Loggenberg, E.
title: Gradenigo's syndrome
date: 2002-06-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 733
sentence: 47
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-1448.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1448.txt
summary:
  On exam- ination the following were found: suppurative otitis media left ear with perforation of the tympanic mem- brane, musculus rectus lateralis paral- ysis left eye, facial pain on the left side with N.VI and N.V2 distribution, and periorbital oedema. CASE REPORT Gradenigo's syndrome P Potgieter MBChB E Loggenberg MMedRad(D) Department of Diagnostic Radiology University of the Free State Bloemfontein Case report A 3-year-old child with a one- week history of otitis media was treat- ed with intravenous antibiotics in a peripheral hospital.


id: sajr-1283
title: sajr-1283
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6184
sentence: 291
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-1283.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1283.txt
summary:
  These included renal TB imaging, MDCT imaging of renal TB, MDCT + renal TB, extrapulmonary TB imaging and granulomatous nephritis. Objectives The objectives of the study are as follows: to systematically scope the literature on MDCT imaging of renal TB to identify specific MDCT imaging characteristics of the disease process, promote early diagnosis and increase awareness of the typical imaging features to generate a comprehensive and well-defined list of the MDCT imaging findings using a chart, which will help guide radiologists in making a more accurate diagnosis to review the current MDCT imaging protocol for suspected renal TB that will increase the accuracy of CT in making the diagnosis.


id: sajr-1259
title: sajr-1259
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4298
sentence: 265
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-1259.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1259.txt
summary:
  Somayya et al. state that the diagnosis of septate uterus is made frequently by following the ESHRE–ESGE classification, resulting in In 36.4% of cases of septate uterus, internal fundal indentation was <1 cm by ESHRE–ESGE criteria and is usually considered as a normal uterus by ASRM.


id: sajr-1354
title: sajr-1354
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2223
sentence: 110
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-1354.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1354.txt
summary:
  Introduction Fulminant amoebic colitis (FAC) is the transmural extension of amoebic colitis, associated with a devastating outcome. A diagnosis of amoebic colitis was entertained because of the omental wrapping.


id: sajr-1614
author: Hoffmann, Michael; Corr, Peter
date: 1996-05-31
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1985
sentence: 122
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-1614.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1614.txt
title:
  Posterior circulation positional transient ischaemic attacks due to persistent primitive hypoglossal artery with redundancy

summary:
  Kurose K, Kishi H, Sadatoh T. Moyamoya disease with persistent primitive hypoglossal artery. Discussion A series of case reports has implicated primitive caroticovertebral arteries in stroke and cerebral ischaemia.


id: sajr-1733
title: sajr-1733
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3108
sentence: 142
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-1733.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1733.txt
summary:
  Discussion J. Ewing first described EWS in 1921, and it is now believed to be the second-most common malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents after osteosarcoma.6 The origin of EWS from structures other than bone is considered rare and is termed ES-EWS.1 In 1969, Tefft et al. initially described an extra-osseous, paravertebral soft tissue, small round cell tumour with morphological features similar to EWS.7 Angervall and Enzinger in 1975 later established the entity ES-EWS in their review series of 39 cases of extra-osseous examples of EWS.7 The most common sites of occurrence of ES-EWS are the paravertebral region, lower extremities, chest wall, retroperitoneum, pelvis and hip, upper extremities, and head and neck region.2 The right lung and chest wall were normal, with no pulmonary nodules or masses to suggest metastases.


id: sajr-1466
author: Wieselthaler, Nicky; Andronikou, Savvas
title: Colpocephaly
date: 2002-03-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 316
sentence: 19
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-1466.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1466.txt
summary:
  References l. Cerullo A, Marini C, Ceroli S, Carelli V, Montagna P, Tinuper P. Colpocephaly in two siblings: Further evidence of a genetic transmis- sion. PICTORIAL INTERLUDE Colpocephaly Nicky Wieselthaler MB chá FCRad (D) FCRC (Lond) Savvas Andronikou MB ChB, FCRad(D), FRCR (Lond) Department of Paediatric Radiology Red Cross War Memorial Childrens Hospital University of Cape Town and Institute of Child Health Colpocephaly was first described by Benda in 1940 and termed vesicu- locephaly but was renamed colpocephaly by Yakovlev and Wadsworth in 1946.


id: sajr-1772
title: sajr-1772
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4174
sentence: 267
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-1772.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1772.txt
summary:
  FIGURE 4: Overall age distribution of optic nerve measurements. Optic nerve measurement on MRI in the pediatric population: Normative values and correlations.


id: sajr-1457
author: Sher, B. J.; Duncan, Ian C.
title: Focal parenchymal sparing in fatty infiltration of the liver
date: 2002-03-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1065
sentence: 79
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-1457.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1457.txt
summary:
  Tsushima Y. Spleen enlargement in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver, correlation between degree of fatty infiltration in liver and size of spleen. This area showed enhancement during the arterial, portal return and delayed phases of a triphasic contrast- enhanced liver scan compatible with that of normal liver tissue, whereas the rest of the fat-infiltrated parenchyma showed a lesser degree of enhance- ment during all three phases (Figs 3 and 4).


id: sajr-1247
title: sajr-1247
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2149
sentence: 129
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-1247.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1247.txt
summary:
  Barium swallow studies can show the impression of the elongated styloid process as a filling defect.3 FIGURE 4: Various three-dimensional CT reconstruction images depicting elongation of the styloid process.9,10 (a) 3DCT showing elongated styloid in association with vital structures, (b) 3DCT antero-posterior view, showing complete and partial calcification of stylohyoid ligament and (c) 3DCT depicting elongated styloid process. Elongated styloid process: Report of two cases.


id: sajr-1093
title: sajr-1093
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3598
sentence: 169
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-1093.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1093.txt
summary:
  An assessment of the accuracy of contrast enema for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease at a South African tertiary hospital. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v21i1.1093 Original Research An assessment of the accuracy of contrast enema for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease at a South African tertiary hospital Monica S. Msomi, Hansraj Mangray, Vicci du Plessis Received: 16 Sept. 2016; Accepted: 17 Jan. 2017; Published: 30 Mar. 2017 Copyright:


id: sajr-1366
title: sajr-1366
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1908
sentence: 114
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-1366.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1366.txt
summary:
  Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia is a BIRADS II condition. Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH).


id: sajr-1389
author: van der Merwe, Ivann F.
title: Percutaneous vertebroplasty
date: 2003-08-31
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2728
sentence: 152
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-1389.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1389.txt
summary:
  : In osteoporotic patients rib frac- tures have occasionally occurred due to the pressure needed to advance the needle through the pedicle. Vertebral fractures are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and may lead to loss of the patient's independence.


id: sajr-1476
author: Drosten, Ralph
title: A midline nasopharyngeal cystic structure: Thornwaldt's cyst
date: 2001-10-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 780
sentence: 61
flesch: 63
cache: cache/sajr-1476.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1476.txt
summary:
  Eighty per cent of foreign bodies in the upper gastro-intestinal tract occur in paediatric patients, followed by edentulous adults, prisoners and psychiatric patients.' Management of foreign bodies of the upper gastrointestinal tract.


id: sajr-1817
title: sajr-1817
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2214
sentence: 104
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-1817.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1817.txt
summary:
  Abstract An amniocele, or contained uterine rupture, is a phenomenon in which there is herniation of the amniotic sac through a uterine defect, secondary to various causes. Keywords: amniocele; contained uterine rupture; foetal imaging; antepartum haemorrhage; placenta previa.


id: sajr-1481
author: Andronikou, Savvas; Nel, Conrad
title: Diagnosis of paediatric Huntington's disease relies on imaging findings
date: 2001-10-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 444
sentence: 28
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-1481.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1481.txt
summary:
  Axial cerebral CT scsn of s child present- Ing with seizures. Juvenile presentation differs from that of adults, who usually show abnormal movements; in children there may be rigidity, dysarthria, progressive mental deterioration and convulsions.


id: sajr-1720
title: sajr-1720
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3659
sentence: 208
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-1720.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1720.txt
summary:
  Abstract Background: The immediate response to cardiac arrest is regarded as the most time-critical intervention. First responders for cardiac arrests in imaging departments are often radiology staff.


id: sajr-1059
title: sajr-1059
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4276
sentence: 220
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-1059.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1059.txt
summary:
  The reporting of breast imaging has been standardised internationally using the Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System (BI-RADS), which includes guidelines for reporting of breast lesions and further management. Ultrasound-guided core-needle breast (UGCNB) biopsy is a widely used method of obtaining histological diagnoses of breast lesions to assist with planning definitive management.


id: sajr-1438
author: de Vries, C. S.
title: The radiologist: Does s/he have a place in modern medicine?
date: 2002-06-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 316
sentence: 17
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-1438.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1438.txt
summary:
  The saying goes that a fool can ask more questions than a wise man can answer! While the radiologist answers complicated diagnostic questions every day, s/he often refuses to answer these basic questions.


id: sajr-130
author: Louw, D.J.; de Vries, C.; Joubert, G.
title: Cerebral aneurysms - an audit
date: 2004-06-09
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1521
sentence: 116
flesch: 66
cache: cache/sajr-130.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-130.txt
summary:
  Multiple cerebral aneurysms — a reap- praisal. Abstract We performed an audit to determine the profile of cerebral aneurysms at the Universitas Hospital Bloem- fontein, the only government hospital with a vascular suite in the Free State and Northern Cape area.


id: sajr-1329
title: sajr-1329
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3965
sentence: 164
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-1329.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1329.txt
summary:
  This retrospective descriptive study of patient records was undertaken to determine the frequency and clinical significance of any abnormalities found on CT head scans of 460 patients with MHI and GCS scores of 15/15, scanned at GSH between 2012 and 2014. Abnormalities detected on CT head scans were classified as being either clinically significant or clinically non-significant.


id: sajr-1654
author: Greniér, Philippe
title: Management of a solitary pulmonary nodule
date: 2002-12-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2126
sentence: 111
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-1654.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1654.txt
summary:
  Although most SPNs have benign cause, 35 - 40% of these nod- ules are malignant, many of them rep- resenting stage I lung cancer that must be distinguished from benign nodules in an expeditious and cost effective manner. Lobulation however also occurs in up to 25% of benign nodules.


id: sajr-1664
title: sajr-1664
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3743
sentence: 210
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-1664.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1664.txt
summary:
  Arithmetic and cost calculations, incorporating the 2017 UPFS tariffs, as well as healthcare efficiency indicators and relevant hospital expenses for the study period (obtained from the hospital’s information unit), were used to calculate relevant imaging costs and proportionality between imaging costs and hospital expenditure. A detailed breakdown of imaging cost per imaging modality is presented in Table 3.


id: sajr-1226
title: sajr-1226
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 988
sentence: 61
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-1226.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1226.txt
summary:
  A high level of technical training alone is not sufficient enough to adequately contribute to the diagnosis and management of conditions in patients with HIV infection. The total number of individuals living with HIV infection increased from an estimated 4.72 million in 2002 to 7.03 million in 2016.1 Over time, HIV infection has become a chronic manageable disease with improved access to antiretroviral therapy in both public and private sectors, allowing individuals to live longer and lead healthy lives.


id: sajr-1430
author: Tsatsi, L. D.R.; Ozoh, J. O.
title: New CT signs of alveolar cell carcinoma
date: 2002-09-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 825
sentence: 64
flesch: 62
cache: cache/sajr-1430.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1430.txt
summary:
  Discussion Our patient had specific signs of bronchoalveolar consolidation which include squeezing, stretching and sweeping patent air bronchograms within the consolidated lung.' Dense consolidation in the left lower zone with air bronchograms.


id: sajr-184
author: Lockhat, Z I; de Vries, C; Scher, A; Schulze, O; du Plessis, A; Potgieer, F; Lotz, J
title: Speciality corner
date: 2006-02-21
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1889
sentence: 80
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-184.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-184.txt
summary:
  Secondly, there was doubt regarding the quality of X-ray images in PowerPoint presentations and delay in transition because of the large size of the images. • Lipid disorders encountered in patients with renal disease • An approach to dialysis and transplantation.


id: sajr-1394
author: Gelderen, W. F.C.
title: Incidental diagnosis of a gastric mass on chest radiographs
date: 2003-08-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1358
sentence: 90
flesch: 60
cache: cache/sajr-1394.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1394.txt
summary:
  The tuberculosis was treat- ed effectively,and chest films taken 6 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Fig. Frontal chest radiograph demon- strates signs of chronic obstructive airways disease, left basal segmental atelectasis (retrocardiac), an air loculus projecting beyond the border of the left side of the trachea due to an oesophageal traction diverticulum (small arrows).


id: sajr-1467
author: Drosten, Ralph; Diedericks, C. F.G.; van Niekerk, A. J.
title: An unusual renal cyst
date: 2002-03-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 311
sentence: 23
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-1467.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1467.txt
summary:
  Dahnert W. Radiology Review Manual. Supine radiograph showing an ill-defined radio-opaque calcific focus overlying the left renal lower po/e. These findings are consistent with the diagnosis of milk of calcium cyst.


id: sajr-1419
author: Andronikou, Savvas; Mezzabotta, Marisa
title: Minimising radiation dose using pulsed digital fluoroscopy in the investigation of children
date: 2003-02-28
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2242
sentence: 141
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-1419.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1419.txt
summary:
  are far lower than fluoroscopy plus 'spot- film' doses and that 'picture-grabs' are stored images of fluoroscopy. A multihospital survey of radiation exposure and image quality in pediatric fluo- roscopy.


id: sajr-1697
title: sajr-1697
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2769
sentence: 142
flesch: 39
cache: cache/sajr-1697.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1697.txt
summary:
  Moon et al. reported a case of pedunculated hepatic haemangioma mimicking a submucosal tumour of the stomach; the lesion was symptomatic, producing epigastric discomfort with dyspepsia, and was initially suspected to be a submucosal tumour of the gastric wall on the basis of an upper gastrointestinal barium study. At surgery, the pathological examination of the mass provided the diagnosis of a giant pedunculated haemangioma.7 Subsequently, occasional case reports of giant pedunculated haemangiomas presenting with various symptoms or complications have been published in literature.


id: sajr-125
author: de Vries, Coert
title: Training for radiologists
date: 2004-06-09
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 751
sentence: 35
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-125.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-125.txt
summary:
  In the last 12 months there is subspecialty training allowing the trainee to choose one spe- cialty or opt for training in a mixture of two or more subspecialties. This can be done after 21/2 years of clinical radiology training and is just a written part whereas the final examina- tion, Part B, again covers all the subspecialties and the candidate is examined with reporting sessions as well as oral examinations.


id: sajr-1197
title: sajr-1197
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2992
sentence: 162
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-1197.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1197.txt
summary:
  Du Trevou et al. reported vascular injuries in 12% of patients with transcranial stab injuries and this study served to highlight the importance of early digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in patients with PHI for detection of vascular injuries. Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Study limitations Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Susan W. Karanja Department of Neurosurgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Rohen Harrichandparsad Department of Neurosurgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Duncan Royston Department of Radiology, Entabeni Hospital, South Africa Samson M. Motebejane Department of Neurosurgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Ayesha Mitha Department of Radiology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Hospital, South Africa Citation Karanja SW, Harrichandparsad R, Royston D, Motebejane SM, Mitha A. Comparing computed tomography (CT) angiography versus digital subtraction angiography for the screening of traumatic pseudoaneurysms in transcranial stab injuries.


id: sajr-181
author: Przybojewski, S J; Andronikou, S
title: Corpus callosum hypogenesis versus dysgenesis
date: 2006-02-21
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 193
sentence: 14
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-181.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-181.txt
summary:
  Corpus callosum hypogenesis versus dysgenesis S J Przybojewski, MB ChB, MMed (Rad D), FCR Diag (SA), Dip PEC (SA) S Andronikou, MB BCh, FCR Diag (SA), FRCR (Lond), PhD Department of Radiology, Tygerberg Hospital and University of Stellenbosch PICTORIAL INTERLUDE 24 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2006 Fig. The callosal anomalies seen in holoprosencephaly represent true callosal dysgenesis (defective development) (Fig. 2) rather than the more common callosal hypogenesis (incomplete formation).


id: sajr-1830
author: Office, Editorial
title: Acknowledgement to reviewers
date: 2019-12-11
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 467
sentence: 15
flesch: 36
cache: cache/sajr-1830.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1830.txt
summary:
  The editorial team of the SA Journal of Radiology recognises the value and importance of peer reviewers in the overall publication process – not only in shaping individual manuscripts, but also in shaping the credibility and reputation of our journal. http://www.sajr.org.za Open Access Page 1 of 1 Reviewer Acknowledgement Acknowledgement to reviewers In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the SA Journal of Radiology, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https:// sajr.org.za for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts.


id: sajr-14
title: SAJR RADIOACTIVE NEWS
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1204
sentence: 47
flesch: 36
cache: cache/sajr-14.htm
txt: txt/sajr-14.txt
summary:
  Functional imaging is finding use in the imaging of pre-clinical dementia and pain perception and control. Yet another example of this was covered in the interesting presentation by Giles Boland, Professor of Radiology at Harvard Medical School, on ‘Precision imaging in the era of personalised medicine’, in which he discussed the use of imaging biomarkers in oncology and clinical trials.


id: sajr-1482
author: Codinho, Sheldon; Spiro, Farrell
title: Obituary: Dr Tobie Rossouw
date: 2001-10-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 666
sentence: 32
flesch: 66
cache: cache/sajr-1482.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1482.txt
summary:
  In time Tobie became my good friend and mentor, an ever- present source of wise counsel and advice with regard to difficult cases and practice problems. Tobie Rossouw was a man I came to know, love and admire.


id: sajr-1459
author: van de Werke, Irma; Lockhat, Zarina; van der Walt, Betsie; Abdullah, Rowaida
title: Calcified mitral subannular left ventricular aneurysm
date: 2002-03-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1518
sentence: 94
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-1459.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1459.txt
summary:
  Taneja K, Mathur A, Sharma S, Rajani M, Das B, Venugopal P. Magnetic resonance imaging fea- tures of submitral left ventricular aneurysm. Left ventricular aneurysms of the annular subvalvular type were described in the literature before 1962, when Abrahams introduced the term 'annular subvalvular left ventricular aneurysm' for this unusual type aris- ing in the fibrous rings below the mitral or aortic valves.


id: sajr-1887
title: sajr-1887
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4748
sentence: 283
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-1887.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1887.txt
summary:
  Objectives: The main objectives of this study were to assess the overall rate of ONP recovery after endovascular coiling of PcomA aneurysms, as well as to determine the associated predictive factors of oculomotor nerve recovery. The secondary aim was to determine the predictive factors of oculomotor nerve recovery.


id: sajr-1492
author: Andronikou, S.; Smith, B.
title: Melorheostosis in a 12-year-old child
date: 2001-02-28
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1599
sentence: 119
flesch: 64
cache: cache/sajr-1492.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1492.txt
summary:
  Keywords Sclerosis/ bone dysplasia/ cortical hyperostosis/ medullary encroachment limb asymmetry/ growth disturbances Case report A 12-year-old male presented with a small left hand. It may coexist with osteopoikolosis and osteopathia Figure 3: Both the left radius and ulna showed cortical thickening In the diaphyseal region, The ulna is affected to a greater degree, with both anterIor and posterior cortices showing thickening, whilst the radIal Involvement is restricted to the medial aspect.


id: sajr-1615
author: Ooi, G. C.; Peh, W. C.G
title: Condensing osteitis of the clavicle
date: 1996-05-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2106
sentence: 148
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-1615.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1615.txt
summary:
  This paper aims to review the clini- cal and imaging features of patients with condensing osteitis of the clavicle and other similar entities. To date, about 30 cases of condensing osteitis, mainly in the 25 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY.


id: sajr-1791
title: sajr-1791
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3685
sentence: 174
flesch: 36
cache: cache/sajr-1791.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1791.txt
summary:
  2008;3(6):1726–1732. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.01240308 Wang K, Wang P, Liang X, Lu X, Liu Z. Epidemiology of haemodialysis catheter complications: A survey of 865 dialysis patients from 14 haemodialysis centres in Henan province in China. Studies have shown that associations exist between several patient characteristics (male gender, increased age, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy and glomerulonephritis) and their risk of complications.3,7 Study limitations Many patients who had their catheter inserted and were then managed further in other centres were lost to follow up, resulting in incomplete information, particularly with regards to catheter-related infection and dysfunctional catheter complications.


id: sajr-1449
author: Kritzinger, H. G.
title: Neurofibromatosis type 2: A case study
date: 2002-06-30
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2657
sentence: 182
flesch: 60
cache: cache/sajr-1449.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1449.txt
summary:
  Individuals with multiple NF-2 manifestations and no bilateral vestibular schwannomas classified as presumptive NF-2 may represent developing NF-2, in which other CASE REPORT NF-2 features have not yet manifested, or NF-2 mosaicism. If no further tumours develop during a 5 - lO-year period or if NF-2 molecular testing becomes more reliable for exclusion, then screening for possible NF-2 can be relaxed.


id: sajr-143
author: Adroos, Narosha
title: Complete molar pregnancy in a 53-year-old woman
date: 2004-06-05
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 465
sentence: 30
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-143.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-143.txt
summary:
  Complete molar pregnancy in a 53-year-old woman Narosha Adroos MB ChB Department of Diagnostic Radiology Pretoria Academic Hospital Fig. 1a. Routine blood tests were normal, except for a B-HCG level of 843 636 IU/l. On transabdominal sonar the uterus measured approximately 23 cm in length x 12 cm in width with hyperechoic vesicular contents and densely packed multiple small cysts.


id: sajr-177
author: Schulenburg, D H
title: Practical considerations in planning a cath-lab
date: 2006-02-21
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1756
sentence: 88
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-177.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-177.txt
summary:
  This will enable conversion of the laboratory into a surgical theatre where vascular procedures can be performed after the diagnostic work has been completed, especially in critical cases and where theatre space is a problem. PACS digital images are stored in computer memory and can be retrieved in seconds.


id: sajr-1542
author: Movson, I.; Corr, P.
title: Disappearing breast cysts
date: 1998-05-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 446
sentence: 38
flesch: 64
cache: cache/sajr-1542.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1542.txt
summary:
  On mammography, breast cysts are indistinguishable from other benign masses especially fibroadenomas - how- ever ultrasound confirmation of a sim- ple cyst establishes the diagnosis. At five years less than 12% of cysts were unchanged.2 The cause of simple breast cysts is unclear.


id: sajr-1284
title: sajr-1284
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3080
sentence: 166
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-1284.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1284.txt
summary:
  8,9,10,11 Activities associated with exertional compartment syndrome of the upper limb include sports such as rowing, cycling, motorcycle riding, cricket, body building (particularly those supplementing with creatine and anabolic steroid) or repeated episodes of manual labour requiring a prolonged grip or pinch.9 In the United States, CECS was documented in military recruits, especially those involved in battlefield training.10 In most instances, the pain and induration resolve spontaneously on cessation of the activities.1 BOX 2: Clinical features of chronic exertional compartment syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging in exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm: Case-based pictorial review and approach to management.


id: sajr-173
author: Modi, M; Halpin, S
title: Produced by the Paediatric Imaging Society of South Africa
date: 2006-02-22
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1856
sentence: 135
flesch: 68
cache: cache/sajr-173.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-173.txt
summary:
  ‘A FLAIR for T1’ Contributors: M Modi, S Halpin 45 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • September 2006 Education exhibit - journal review a Figs 1 a and b: T1 and T1 FLAIR images of the L-spine. b a Figs 2 a and b: T1 and T1 FLAIR images of the midbrain and hippocampus.


id: sajr-1356
title: sajr-1356
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3202
sentence: 201
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-1356.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1356.txt
summary:
  Understanding breast cancer risk conferred by density in the setting of a patient’s history, as well as an appreciation of the imaging tools available, will help aid clinicians in developing the most appropriate screening plan for each of their patients. Mammographic density, breast cancer risk and risk prediction.


id: sajr-1665
title: sajr-1665
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 988
sentence: 42
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-1665.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1665.txt
summary:
  Admirably, the past two decades have witnessed a dramatic rise in radiology research in South Africa. The reality is that the public sector environment is severely restricted in its ability to provide modern imaging modalities, the international forefront of radiological research; thus, specialised modalities in the form of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) are often only accessible in subspecialist- and specialist-level hospitals in South Africa.


id: sajr-1552
author: Kruger, Garth
date: 2000-01-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 531
sentence: 29
flesch: 67
cache: cache/sajr-1552.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1552.txt
title:
  Report on the Second International Breast Imaging Update - IBUS - Freiburg, Germany, 15-17 October 1999

summary:
  lEUS has now laid down criteria and invited comment on a set of standards whereby the user of ultrasound equipment will have to undergo a strict qualification and abide by the criteria before ultrasound can be performed. It was also very interesting to see that a full series of hands-on work- shops ranging from ultrasound to minimally invasive breast biopsies to pathology and breast intervention were held for all the delegates.


id: sajr-1468
author: Drosten, Ralph
title: Normal variant striate calcification perpendicular to the lateral ventricles
date: 2002-03-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 170
sentence: 8
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-1468.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1468.txt
summary:
  Pre-contrast axial CT of the brain at the level of the lateral ventricles showing striate calcifications perpendicular to the lateral ventricles in the deep white matter of the corona radiata. 51 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • March 2002


id: sajr-1655
author: Reiser, Maximilian F.
title: Radiological management of skeletal metastases, multiple myeloma and lymphoma
date: 2002-12-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1165
sentence: 67
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-1655.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1655.txt
summary:
  Replacement of bone marrow by neoplastic tissue results in an increase of density as demonstrated by CT. Thompson JA, Shields AF, POlter BA, Olson DO, Rubin E, Kidd p, Fefer A. Magnetic reso- nance imaging of bone marrow in hairy cell leukemia: correlation with clinical response to alpha-interferon.


id: sajr-185
author: Holl, Julian
title: Forensic radiology
date: 2006-02-14
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 739
sentence: 39
flesch: 62
cache: cache/sajr-185.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-185.txt
summary:
  The radiological fraternity has played a significant role in the new South Africa, but taking our pre- vious history into account and living in an era of human rights and social change we must realise that far more will be expected of us, including in the field of forensic radiology. The bullet was extracted and used in testi- mony in court, which led to the imprisonment of a Mr George Holder for 14 years.1 All these facts are interesting, but our concern today must be the setting up of a civilised society where forensic radiology can and must play a role.


id: sajr-1565
author: van Gelderen, F.; Packer, A. M.
title: CT features of rupture of the thoracic aorta and subsequent death
date: 1998-11-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 956
sentence: 33
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-1565.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1565.txt
summary:
  November 1998 The dependent aspects of the he- patic veins (Figure 2), portal venous system (Figure 3) and right renal vein and radicles (Figure 4) were distended with contrast as if diagnostic venog- raphy had been performed. Figure 3: CT at T12 level demonstrating similar features with contrast layering In the Inferior vena cava, the inferior aspect of the left extraplaural haamatoma still visible, contrast filled venous structures in the dependent erector spinae muscles, the sinusoidal opacification of the posterior aspect of the fiver and a contrast filled right portal vein (arrow), Figure 4: CT image at L l-L2 disc level demonstrating contrast layering in the inferior vena cava, flattening of the aorta from front to back, and very dense opacifieat/on of the right renal veins with an appearance similar to that of a diagnostic contrast renal venogram.


id: sajr-1574
author: van Gelderen, Fred
title: Pica- a barium enema look-alike
date: 1998-08-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 428
sentence: 24
flesch: 59
cache: cache/sajr-1574.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1574.txt
summary:
  Such dietary habits have Figure 1: Supine abdominal radiograph demonstrates column of radiopaque material fl/ling large bowel (and to a lesser degree sma/l bowel) due to ingestion of dark seasand twelve hours earlier. The appearance in the case re- ported is unusual, in that a large amount of seasand was ingested, simu- lating the features of a barium enema study, and also because this was not the more usual white sand, but a dark seas and (almost black) containing large amounts of iron and other ele- ments.


id: sajr-136
author: Scholtz, Leonie
title: Endoluminal treatment of thoracic aortic lesions
date: 2004-06-05
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3174
sentence: 192
flesch: 59
cache: cache/sajr-136.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-136.txt
summary:
  Non sur- gical reconstruction of thoracic aortic dissection by stent graft placement. Improved distal circulatory support for repair of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms.


id: sajr-1483
author: Andronikou, Savvas
title: SAJR: Quo vadis?
date: 2001-02-28
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 597
sentence: 30
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-1483.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1483.txt
summary:
  In this instance, because of my personal interest and inclination, the content deals almost exclusively with paediatric radiology. The les- son regarding paediatric radiology is that diseases in children are different from those in adults and that pathology is often age-related.


id: sajr-141
author: van der Walt, Betsie; Raven, Sonja; Lockhat, Zarina; van de Werke, Irma
date: 2004-06-05
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1159
sentence: 68
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-141.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-141.txt
title:
  An unusual presentation of tuberculous lymphadenopathy, paraspinal masses with spondylitis in a young boy

summary:
  May 2004 terium tuberculosis involving one or more components of the spine, name- ley the vertebra, intervertebral discs, paraspinal soft tissues and epidural space. Abscesses may burrow for a dis- tance before perforating an internal organ or the skin.


id: sajr-1261
title: sajr-1261
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1592
sentence: 78
flesch: 36
cache: cache/sajr-1261.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1261.txt
summary:
  The epidemic of HIV infection has seen a marked increase in the incidence of this condition in sub-Saharan Africa.2 Rheumatoid arthritis There is still ongoing debate about the effects of HIV on RA.2 They also do not fulfil the criteria for the spondyloarthropathies.6,7 It may occur at any stage of HIV infection and most often presents as an asymmetric oligoarthritis more commonly in men.7 The lower limbs, especially the knees, are most commonly affected,1,2,3,4,5,6,7


id: sajr-1522
author: Andronikou, S.; Welman, C.; Kader, E.
title: Paediatric calvarial tuberculosis
date: 2000-08-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1030
sentence: 68
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-1522.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1522.txt
summary:
  We present two paediatric cases of calvarial TB with discussion of the relevant literature. Axial post-contrast CT of the head demonstrates extracranial enhancing soft tissue (arrow) in the left frontotemporal region.


id: sajr-119
author: Stipp, J.; Holl, J.; Scholtz, L.
date: 2004-06-09
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1551
sentence: 76
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-119.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-119.txt
title:
  Is the routine use of intravenous contrast justified in the work-up of adult-onset seizure patients with a normal pre-contrast brain scan?

summary:
  Normal post-contrast study (including age-related changes and normal variants). Scan findings Normal post-contrast studies Normal pre-contrast 186 Age-related changes 11 Normal variants 8 22 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • October 2004 work-up, highlighting the necessity for MRI under these circumstances.


id: sajr-1512
author: Corr, Peter
title: World Health Report 2000: Health system performance
date: 2000-10-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 484
sentence: 32
flesch: 67
cache: cache/sajr-1512.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1512.txt
summary:
  (GDP) on health care, which compares well with other middle-income countries: 6% in Hungary, 3% in Malaysia and 4,7% in Chile, all of which have better performing health systems.' Health systems: Improving performance.


id: sajr-132
author: Boonzaaier-Botha, H.; Cock, C.
date: 2004-06-09
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2424
sentence: 140
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-132.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-132.txt
title:
  Polycystic liver disease - a disease entity presenting as part of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease

summary:
  MRI confirming multiple hepatic cysts with low signal on T1-weighted images. MRI confirming multiple hepatic cysts with high signal on T2-weighted images.


id: sajr-1493
author: Andronikou, S.; Welman, C.; Kader, E.
title: The computed tomography features of multifocal nephroblastomatosis
date: 2001-02-28
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 602
sentence: 35
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-1493.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1493.txt
summary:
  Even though unifocal and diffuse disease occurs, multifocal nephroblastomatosis is the most common type encoun- tered. The centrally located normal Figures la and lb: Pre- and post-contrast CT of the kidneys.


id: sajr-145
author: Ker, J.
title: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis - a case report and review
date: 2004-06-05
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1032
sentence: 53
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-145.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-145.txt
summary:
  Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in four siblings. Trapnell BC, Whitsett JA, Nakata K. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.


id: sajr-144
author: Smal, Janet
title: Large fibroadenoma mimicking malignancy
date: 2004-06-05
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 459
sentence: 30
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-144.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-144.txt
summary:
  On ultrasound examination an irregular, lobulated, large mass was detected in the superior lateral quad- rant of the right breast. Transverse section of fibroadenoma on ultrasound.


id: sajr-1834
title: sajr-1834
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2346
sentence: 104
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-1834.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1834.txt
summary:
  We postulate that ongoing athletic activity that results in chronic physeal stress injury might manifest as dorsal physeal widening of the great toe metatarsal on MR imaging in a skeletally immature soccer player. Interestingly, chronic physeal stress injuries at other lower extremity sites have been reported in kickers.4 Whether the injured physis in these cases was in the planting leg and resulted from compressive force, or in the kicking leg and resulted from distraction, was not reported in either instance; therefore, it is difficult to discern whether the mechanism of injury may have been similar to the current postulated causation, but involving a different physeal location.


id: sajr-188
author: Lockhat, Z I; Raven, S; van Rensburg, M; van de Werke, I
title: Paramedian thalamic stroke syndrome
date: 2006-02-14
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1384
sentence: 71
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-188.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-188.txt
summary:
  When bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts are found, occlusion of the artery of Percheron should be considered as the main diagnosis. The paramedian thalamus is believed to play an important role in the regulation of sleep and disturbances in sleep regulation are known to occur in paramedian thalamic stroke (PTS).


id: sajr-1792
author: Cherry, Robin
title: Obituary: Allan Cormack
date: 1998-08-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 533
sentence: 27
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-1792.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1792.txt
summary:
  Please make a note of this in your diary if you are Fax: (012) 329-6763 interested Department of Radiology,Faculty of Further details will he forthcoming Medicine, University of Pretoria, Congress Co-ordinator: Dr LL Sirkin PO Box 667,Pretoria,OOOl Advance notification of Chest Radiology Congress 22 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY· February 1998 Prof Hillel Goodman, Groote Schuur Hospital Allan Cormack clinical use of isotopes.


id: sajr-1820
title: sajr-1820
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3122
sentence: 163
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-1820.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1820.txt
summary:
  Keywords: Posterior urethral valves; Urethral ratio; Posterior anterior urethral ratio; Voiding cystourethrogram; Golden ratio. A method to assess posterior urethral valve ablation.


id: sajr-1586
author: Szkup, P.; Cilliers, A. M.
date: 1997-06-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1517
sentence: 85
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-1586.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1586.txt
title:
  Large vein of Galen malformation associated with an apical ventricular septal defect and a patent ductus arteriosus in an infant: A case report

summary:
  Cranial ultrasonography (Figure 1) and Doppler flow studies revealed Figure 1: Sagittal view of the cranial ultrasound showing the vein of Galen malformation and a dilated straight sinus. There were major feeder arteries arising Figure 2: Contrast enhanced axial computerised tomography scan of the head showing the large vein of Galen malformation, dilated straight sinus and mild hydrocephalus. from both the posterior cerebral ar- teries, both left and right middle cer- ebral arteries and the right anterior cerebral artery.


id: sajr-1469
author: Andronikou, Savvas
title: Pediatric Neuroimaging
date: 2002-03-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 578
sentence: 35
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-1469.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1469.txt
summary:
  Pediatric Neuroimaging 3/e A. James Barkovich Thoroughly updated and substantially expanded, the Third Edition of this acclaimed reference covers the full range of pediatric diseases diagnosable by modern neuroimaging. Most chapters include new diseases, as well as updates on entities previously described.


id: sajr-138
author: Duncan, Ian C.; Fourie, Pieter A.
title: Vascular malformations Part 2 - current classification of vascular malformations
date: 2004-06-05
pages: 8
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 5440
sentence: 336
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-138.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-138.txt
summary:
  The classification of vascular anomalies outside of the central nervous system (CNS) is based on the seminal works of Mulliken and Glowacki.1,2 They divided vascular anomalies into those exhibiting rapid endothelial cell growth (proliferation) followed by a period of stabilisation (quiescence) and finally spontaneous involution, termed haemangiomas, and those having a rate of growth commensu- rate with the growth of the individual termed vascular malformations (VMs). The current classification of CNS vascular anomalies remains primarily a pathoanatomically-based one and is based on the works of McCormick et al.3-5 and Russel and Rubenstein.6 In this review we will present a syn- opsis of CNS and non-CNS vascular anomalies based on the abovemen- tioned classification schemes in the hope that this will dispel much of the confusion surrounding the subject of vascular malformations or anomalies.


id: sajr-1745
title: sajr-1745
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1546
sentence: 73
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-1745.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1745.txt
summary:
  An increase in nerve size, loss of the normal appearance of nerve fascicles and surrounding fat stranding support the findings of nerve injury, but these morphological changes may be more difficult to detect in smaller, more peripheral nerves such as the LFCN.3 Motor neuropathies may also be supported by the findings of muscle oedema in a specific nerve distribution, in the acute phase of denervation. Keywords: Meralgia paresthetica; lateral femoral cutaneous nerve; neuropathy; magnetic resonance neurography; fluid-sensitive sequences.


id: sajr-196
author: Lameen, H; Theron, S; Steyn, F; Grobbelaar, M; Mapukata, A; Andronikou, S
title: A useful ultrasound artifact and its application - the 'twinkling sign'
date: 2006-02-14
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 411
sentence: 19
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-196.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-196.txt
summary:
  Applying the colour Doppler for the same kidney (b) shows multi-coloured pixels, the 'twinkling sign', distal to the echogenic structures. Aytac SK , Ozcan H. Effect of color Doppler system on the twinkling sign associated with urinary calculi.


id: sajr-1553
author: Corr, Peter
title: RSSA Congress Levovist presentations
date: 2000-01-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 638
sentence: 91
flesch: 67
cache: cache/sajr-1553.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1553.txt
summary:
  Peter Corr Department of Radiology, University of Natal The Past - Rad iography in South Africa before 1899 20. The war in South Africa.


id: sajr-191
author: Minne, C; Khan, N
title: Paraspinal primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) of the chest
date: 2006-02-14
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1705
sentence: 87
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-191.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-191.txt
summary:
  The mass involved most of the lower chest cavity and extended into the spinal canal displacing and compressing the spinal cord anteriorly and to the left (Figs 3 and 4) and expanding Paraspinal primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) of the chest C Minné, MB ChB, Dip EC (SA) N Khan, MB BS, FCRad (D) SA Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus CASE REPORT 18 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • March 2006 Fig. 1. tumours2 Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumours (pPNET) is a group of poorly differentiated small round blue cell tumours from neural crest origin.1-4,6 PNET and ES are classified together into the Ewing family of tumours,2,6 which is comprised of tumours with poorly differentiated small round cells.2,6 PNET is dis- tinguished by neural differentiation,2 seen as Homer-Wright rosettes4-7 or Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes.4,7 Immunohistochemistry is used to detect expression of at least 2 of the following neural antigens in order to make the diagnosis of PNET, namely neuron-specific enolase (NSE), protein S100, Leucine 7, and neurofilaments protein, chromogranin A or synaptophysin.6,7 A highly specific antibody, CD99 (MIC2), can be found in both PNET and ES with immunostaining.5,7 PNET is seen mostly in the thoracopulmonary region and is also known as Askins tumour when it is in the chest wall.2,3,6,8


id: sajr-1543
author: Hoffmann, M.; Royston, D.; Corr, P.
title: An obscure cause of stroke: Basilar artery fenestration
date: 1998-05-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1320
sentence: 90
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-1543.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1543.txt
summary:
  Fenestration of intracranial arteries with special attention to associated aneurysms and other anomalies. The layered fabric of cerebral artery fenestrations.


id: sajr-1440
author: Otto, S.
title: Consent to treatment
date: 2002-06-30
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2297
sentence: 153
flesch: 65
cache: cache/sajr-1440.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1440.txt
summary:
  The important underlying objective that the doctrine of informed consent was designed to serve is often overlooked Consent to treatment or ignored, namely the protection of the patient's fundamental rights of personal autonomy and bodily integrity. Enabling patients to make treat- ment choices that are informed by their own and not their doctor's, the medical profession's or even the Government's values and goals is and should be the objective of informed consent.


id: sajr-1420
author: Andronikou, Savvas; Boeddinghaus, Rudolf; Welman, Chris J.
title: Value of MRI in paediatric closed head injury
date: 2003-02-28
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 715
sentence: 43
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-1420.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1420.txt
summary:
  The persis- tent vegetative state after closed head injury: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging find- ings in 42 patients. (a) Diffusion-weighted image demonstrates high signal over the cor- pus callosum (star) and at the left insular grey-white interface (arrowheads) in keeping with cytotoxic oede- ma.


id: sajr-1432
author: Tsatsi, L. D.R.; Ahmad, S.
title: A case of elongated cervical canal
date: 2002-09-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1021
sentence: 86
flesch: 66
cache: cache/sajr-1432.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1432.txt
summary:
  For registration forms and further details, please contact: London CT Course Ltd, Secretariat Office, 36 Portland Place, London, WI B I AT, UK. Coronal reconstructed CT images showing a long cervical canal interspersed between two huge flbroids.


id: sajr-1993
title: sajr-1993
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2531
sentence: 132
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-1993.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1993.txt
summary:
  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-017-1950-8 Chivot C, Rebibo L, Robert B, Regimbeau J-M, Yzet T. Ruptured pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms associated with celiac stenosis caused by the median arcuate ligament: A poorly known etiology of acute abdominal pain. Pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm secondary to median arcuate ligament syndrome treated with preserving pancreas and reimplantation of the celiac trunk.


id: sajr-1532
title: sajr-1532
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4564
sentence: 230
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-1532.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1532.txt
summary:
  Abstract Background: Multiple breast lesions resembling fibroadenomas are a common imaging finding in patients presenting to the mammography unit at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital in the North-West district of Tshwane, South Africa. Discussion Patients with multiple breast lesions resembling fibroadenomas but with atypical ultrasound findings or other indications for biopsy are a common occurrence in daily practice in the South African public health sector.


id: sajr-1566
author: Simarak, S.; Suraprasit, B.; Senatham, A.
title: Pneumocephalus complicating frontal sinus osteoma
date: 1998-11-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1508
sentence: 82
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-1566.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1566.txt
summary:
  Pneurnoccphalus in frontal sinus osteoma: a case report. ] Cnolaryngo], 1994; 23: 430-436. The majority of tumours implicated in pneumocephalus are sinus osteomas.


id: sajr-1575
author: Goodman, Hillel
title: Book Review - Childhood Tuberculosis: Modern Imaging and Clinical Concepts
date: 1998-08-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1440
sentence: 76
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-1575.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1575.txt
summary:
  The protean radiological manifestations of primary pulmonary tuberculosis are emphasised. The principal author has a long-standing interest in the radiology of tuberculosis in childhood and has built up a vast hands on experience.


id: sajr-1450
author: Fourie, J.; Laubscher, R.
title: Integration of the MEDITEC system in the Radiology Department of the University of the Free State
date: 2002-06-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1039
sentence: 47
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-1450.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1450.txt
summary:
  The future Although the system has already changed our department to a large extent there are other modules that can be added to the system. Various other modules assist in booking patients and cost control for the hospital and departments.


id: sajr-1513
author: Corr, P.; Nadvi, S.
title: Carotid cavernous aneurysm in an HIV-positive patient
date: 2000-10-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1028
sentence: 58
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-1513.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1513.txt
summary:
  Cerebral artery aneurysms in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Fulmer BB, Dillard SC, Musulman EM, Palmer CA, Oakes J. Two cases of cerebral aneurysms in HlV+ children, Pediair Neurosurg 1998; 28: 31-34. 3.


id: sajr-1485
author: Andronikou, S.; Kader, E.; Welman, C. J.
title: Magnetic resonance features of intracranial tuberculosis in children
date: 2001-02-28
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1092
sentence: 58
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-1485.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1485.txt
summary:
  Introduction The Western Cape has one of the highest incidences of intracranial TB in the world. This article demonstrates the MR imaging features of these forms of intracranial TB.


id: sajr-1357
title: sajr-1357
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4693
sentence: 250
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-1357.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1357.txt
summary:
  Other investigators have shown that computer-aided volumetric tumour assessment is a promising technique in improving inter-observer variability, both with detection and diagnosis of lesions.24,25,26 Han et al.19 performed a retrospective review of 112 PET-CT-scans in 59 patients, using both the LC and the previous IHP criteria for response assessment in lymphoma, and found strong inter-observer agreement for initial restaging response assessment between the two readers (Cohen κ = 0.76) as applied to the IHP criteria but only moderate agreement with the LC (Cohen κ = 0.43). To the best of our knowledge, there is no published research that specifically addresses inter-observer variability when applying the LC to CT-scans performed in patients with lymphoma.


id: sajr-1262
title: sajr-1262
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2765
sentence: 168
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-1262.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1262.txt
summary:
  JC virus reactivation can, however, also occur in other patients with compromised immunity as well as in patients on chronic immunosuppressive therapy. The high number in our series is probably because of the high incidence of HIV infection in our region as well as the difficulties experienced by large numbers of patients in accessing adequate treatment.


id: sajr-1559
author: Beningfield, Steve
title: Time for subspecialisation?
date: 1998-11-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 310
sentence: 16
flesch: 36
cache: cache/sajr-1559.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1559.txt
summary:
  The difficulty in South Africa is that in almost all private and most full-time practices, diverse demands are placed on radiologists who are called upon to be all things to all men. EDITORIAL Time for subspecialisation '? Steve 8eningfield MBChB(UCT), FFRad(D)SA Head: Department of Radiology, University of Cape Town I am unsure who coined the description of Radiology as being the general practice of the specialties, but the expression appears to be becoming less true in the USA and other leading countries as sub- specialisation occurs.


id: sajr-1494
author: Duminiet, Barbara
title: Tips for the Radiologist: A nursing perspective on sedating children for CT scanning
date: 2001-02-28
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 493
sentence: 24
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-1494.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1494.txt
summary:
  TIPS A nursing perspective on sedating children for CT scanning Having been a Professional Nurse in the CT Scanning Department at the Red Cross Children's Hospital since 1987 and having had to prepare chil- dren for CT scanning, I have found that the following groups of children almost always need to be sedated for the investigation: infants, toddlers, un- cooperative children, those having long examinations and those who are developmentally delayed. Pre- assessment of children who are at risk of respiratory arrest is undertaken and sedation for these patients is admin- istered only by the attending physi- cian.


id: sajr-1544
author: Corr, Peter
title: Past, Present and Future
date: 2000-01-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 176
sentence: 11
flesch: 64
cache: cache/sajr-1544.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1544.txt
summary:
  I have taken the opportunity to invite a number of colleagues to write about the past, the present and more importantly the future of radiology both in a local South African and an international context. There are many reasons why South African radiology needs a journal.


id: sajr-1461
author: Andronikou, Savvas; McIvor, Bruce; Smith, Bruce
date: 2002-03-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 683
sentence: 40
flesch: 66
cache: cache/sajr-1461.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1461.txt
title:
  Tips for the Radiologist: Looking for the 'pea in a pod' among the 'Swiss cheese' to diagnose neurocysticercosis

summary:
  When the larvae are dead, cysts and scolices are seen as calcified lesions (Fig. I), and when there are multiple lesions it is known as the 'starry night' appear- ance on CT. Contrast-enhanced axial CT of the brain demonstrating the typical appearance of neurocys- ticercosis, with multiple cysts (thin arrows) situated predominantly at the grey-white interface.


id: sajr-186
author: Emby, D J; Ho, K
date: 2006-02-14
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 4002
sentence: 238
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-186.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-186.txt
title:
  Air embolus revisited - a diagnostic and interventional radiological perspective (bubble trouble and the dynamic Mercedes Benz sign)

summary:
  Venous air embolism Sudden onset of dyspnoea and chest pain occur in significant venous air embolism and this accompanies signs of tachypnoea, wheezes, rales, tachycardia and hypotension. Venous air embolism following orogenital sex during pregnancy.


id: sajr-1838
title: sajr-1838
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1676
sentence: 96
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-1838.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1838.txt
summary:
  We report a case of piriformis muscle agenesis in a 28-year-old woman, incidentally detected on magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral spine and pelvis, performed for low back pain. Differential diagnoses for piriformis muscle agenesis may be congenital fusion with overlapping muscles, most commonly the superior gemellus and gluteus medius muscles, which can be differentiated with MRI.


id: sajr-1523
author: Whitehorn, Russel
title: A picture paints 5 000 (pages of) words
date: 2000-08-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2002
sentence: 81
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-1523.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1523.txt
summary:
  Furthermore, the system's MotionTrak technology allows patients to breathe freely while being examined - a definite plus for patients who are chronically short of breath. Assistance in complex interventional and therapeutic procedures is made possible with rhe new Gyroscan Intera liT, developed by Philips in partnership wirh leading medical research institutions. We believe that MR continuously changes how the world looks at diagnostic imaging and that our new Gyroscan Intera changes how the world looks at MR.


id: sajr-212
title: SAJR 788
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 880
sentence: 67
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-212.htm
txt: txt/sajr-212.txt
summary:
  Carcinoma arising in urinary bladder diverticula: imaging findings in six patients. Carcinoma arising in urinary bladder diverticula: imaging findings in six patients.


id: sajr-192
author: Adroos, N
title: Cerebral and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations
date: 2006-02-14
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 839
sentence: 56
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-192.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-192.txt
summary:
  Vascular malformations part 2 – current classification of vascular malformations. Due to the metameric nature of this disorder there has been a revised classification of such craniofacial vascular malformation syndromes as the cerebrofacial arteriovenous metameric syndromes (CAMS).


id: sajr-2078
author: Office, Editorial
title: Table of Contents Vol 24, No 1 (2020)
date: 2020-12-23
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1384
sentence: 14
flesch: -27
cache: cache/sajr-2078.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-2078.txt
summary:
  | 13 July 2020 122 127 133 141 145 Case Report Hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma: An uncommon but important paediatric diagnosis Sheree C. Gray, Jacobus A. Pienaar, Zelia Sofianos, Jacob Varghese, Ilonka Warnich South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 24, No 1 | a1891 | 27 July 2020 Case Study Herniation of the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes into the canal of Nuck in a 4-month-old child: A rare entity Dharmendra Kumar, Saurabh Maheshwari, Uddandam Rajesh, Darshan Grewal, Vibhuti Maria South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 24, No 1 | a1935 | 04 November 2020 Pictorial Review A pictorial review of the pathophysiology and classification of the magnetic resonance imaging patterns of perinatal term hypoxic ischemic brain injury – What the radiologist needs to know… Shalendra K. Misser, Anthony J. Barkovich, Jan W. Lotz, Moherndran Archary South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 24, No 1 | a1915 | 30 October 2020 Reviewer Acknowledgement South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 24, No 1 | a2049 | 22 December 2020 149 154 158 175 SAJR 24-1_2020_Contents.indd http://www.sajr.org.za Open Access Table of Contents Original Research The efficacy of pineapple juice as a negative oral contrast agent in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography Sheryl Mohabir, Richard D. Pitcher, Rubeshan Perumal, Matthew D.M. Goodier South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 24, No 1 | a1875 | 29 July 2020 Original Research Recovery of oculomotor nerve palsy after endovascular management of posterior communicating artery aneurysms Elkharbash Abdurahman, Khatija Amod, Duncan Royston, Rohen Harrichandparsad South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 24, No 1 | a1887 | 31 August 2020 Original Research Breast imaging at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital: A clinically relevant audit Ilonka Warnich, Ilana M. Viljoen, Marianne Kuehnast South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 24, No 1 | a1921 | 15 October 2020 Original Research The Cinderellas of the scanner: Magnetic resonance imaging ‘pre-scan’ and ‘post-scan’ times: Their determinants and impact on patient throughput Marthinus B. van Rooyen, Richard D. Pitcher South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 24, No 1 | a1946 | 01 December 2020 Original Research Diagnostic role of shear wave elastography for differentiating benign and malignant breast masses Nichanametla Sravani, Ananthakrishnan Ramesh, Sathasivam Sureshkumar, Chellappa Vijayakumar, K.M. Abdulbasith, Gopal Balasubramanian, Pampa Ch Toi South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 24, No 1 | a1999 | 21 December 2020 Case Report Incidental amniocele in a case of antepartum haemorrhage Sheree C. Gray, Jacobus A. Pienaar, Zelia Sofianos, Jacob Varghese, Ilonka Warnich South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 24, No 1 | a1817 | 06


id: sajr-1587
author: Loftus, W. K.; Chow, L. T.C; Metreweli, C.
title: Perforated peptic ulcer imaged directly by computed tomography
date: 1997-06-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1023
sentence: 60
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-1587.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1587.txt
summary:
  Similarly, in a report of three cases of perforated PU, the site of perforation, i.e. gastric or duodenal, could be iden- tified by the location of extraluminal gas or oral contrast, but not the actual perforation itself However, Fultz et al could identify a discontinuity of the bowel wall at the site of perforation in three of nine patients with perforation due to continuity of intra- and extraluminal oral contrast through the defect.' We present a case of perforated ulcer in which the perforation was imaged directly byCT.


id: sajr-146
author: Lockhat, Zarina; van de Werke, Irma; vn der Walt, Betsie
date: 2004-06-05
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1429
sentence: 66
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-146.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-146.txt
title:
  Practical guidelines in the application of response evaluation criteria for solid tumours (RECIST) in oncology imaging

summary:
  The longest diameter of the target lesion should be Table I. Definition of best response according to WHO or RECIST criteria Best response WHO change in sum of products RECIST change in the sum of the longest diameter Complete response (CR) Disappearance of all target lesions Disappearance of all without any residual lesion; confirmed target lesions; confirmed at 4 weeks at 4 weeks Partial response (PR) 50% or more decrease in target lesions, At least 30% reduction in the sum without a 25% increase in any one of the longest diameter of target target lesion; confirmed at 4 weeks lesions, taking as reference the baseline study; confirmed at 4 weeks Stable disease (SD) The RECIST criteria have been introduced to unify response assessment criteria, to define how to choose measurable lesions, and to enable the use of new imaging technologies (spiral computed tomography (CT) and magnetic reso- nance imaging (MRI)).


id: sajr-2026
title: sajr-2026
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3767
sentence: 181
flesch: 34
cache: cache/sajr-2026.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2026.txt
summary:
  The silent pandemic in South Africa: Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis from head to heel. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v25i1.2026 Pictorial Review The silent pandemic in South Africa: Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis from head to heel Camilla E. Le Roux, Sucari S.C. Vlok Received: 16 Oct. 2020; Accepted: 10 Feb. 2021; Published: 16 Apr. 2021 Copyright: © 2021.


id: sajr-1536
author: Corr, Peter
title: International College of Radiology
date: 1998-05-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 217
sentence: 9
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-1536.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1536.txt
summary:
  Regions where there has been rapid growth in radiology include China, India, South America andAfrica. The Radiological Society of South Africa is currently bidding to hold this prestigious international meeting in the year 2002, probably in Cape Town.


id: sajr-1568
author: van Gelderen, W. F.C.
title: An unusual wig masquerading as calcific neurocysticercosis
date: 1998-11-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 240
sentence: 13
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-1568.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1568.txt
summary:
  Accredited Course 1999 CMRS Annual Society MeetingClinical Magnetic Resonance Society DATE: Taranaki Base Hospital, New Zealand Figure 1: Lateral radiograph of the skull demonstrating multiple small opacities simulating calcific neurocysticercosis but due to tufts of hair within 8 wig seen end-on.metastases.


id: sajr-1891
title: sajr-1891
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2991
sentence: 174
flesch: 36
cache: cache/sajr-1891.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1891.txt
summary:
  Keywords: Hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma; Paediatric population; Cystic liver masses; Hepatic tumours; Paediatric alfa fetoprotein levels; Computed tomography; Ultrasound. These findings are in keeping with a histological diagnosis of hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma.


id: sajr-1578
author: Corr, Peter
title: Who should do interventional radiology?
date: 1997-06-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 437
sentence: 19
flesch: 33
cache: cache/sajr-1578.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1578.txt
summary:
  Development of interventional radiology is dependent on communication to both clinical colleagues and our own radiology colleagues of the benefits and appli- cations of interventional techniques to patient management. Training in interventional radiology in North America usually entails a 12 month fellowship for general body intervention and 24 months for neurointervention.


id: sajr-1433
author: Ozoh, J. O.; Tsatsi, L. D.R.; Broudie, H. B.
title: Klippel-Feil syndrome
date: 2002-09-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1145
sentence: 76
flesch: 59
cache: cache/sajr-1433.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1433.txt
summary:
  Further investigations revealed a plethora of congenital anomalies, including atlanto-occipital fusion, basilar impression, congenital fusion of CS and C6 vertebrae, scoliosis with convexity to the right side, complete situs inversus, and bilateral pelvic kid- neys. Lateral skull and cervical spine X-ray showed atlanto- occipital fusion, congenital fusion of CS and C6 and basilar impression (Fig.


id: sajr-1285
title: sajr-1285
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 8158
sentence: 482
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-1285.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1285.txt
summary:
  This allowed us to get a better understanding of how the different views converge on an understanding of radiation safety culture in the workplace.31 This study has good representation of different categories of interventionalists from across South Africa and offers important qualitative insights into how interventionalists understand what a CRP is. Radiation safety training and education needs to form part of the formalised curriculum of radiation HCWs in order for it to be taken seriously.20 Continued medical education (CME) can help consolidate and sustain the training and preservation of a CRP to ensure a safer workplace.21 This CME programme should be consistent and reinforced regularly to maintain its effectiveness.12 The aim of this article is to present the perceptions of interventionalists on what constitutes a CRP.


id: sajr-1423
author: Labuscagne, J. H.
title: STAR: Advances in oncological imaging
date: 2002-12-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 696
sentence: 34
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-1423.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1423.txt
summary:
  Professor Hricak is Chairman of the Imaging Department of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre in New York. In addition to Professor Margulis and Professor Hricak, a team of internation- ally acclaimed experts in radiology was invited.


id: sajr-1441
author: Marais, M. J.; de Vries, C. S.
date: 2002-06-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1575
sentence: 99
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-1441.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1441.txt
title:
  An audit of percutaneous biliary stenting for the palliation of pancreatic cancer: Results, post-procedural survival period, and comparison of plastic and mental stents

summary:
  With the 19 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2002 first procedure 17 patients received metal stents (mean age 59.8 years), and 43 patients received plastic stents (mean age 62.3 years). The median survival period for patients who received plastic stents was 37 days, and for those who received metal stents 72 days.


id: sajr-1488
author: Andronikou, S.; Welman, C.; Kader, E.
date: 2001-02-28
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 539
sentence: 16
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-1488.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1488.txt
title:
  Free intraperitoneal air on paediatric plain radiographs and differentiating this from a 'food mound'

summary:
  E-mall;docsav@mweb.co.za Figure 1: Erect film showing right subphrenic free air (arrow) 29 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY· February 2001 is especially so when noted on the right above the liver (Figure I)} but also when situated between the dia- phragm and stomach (Figure 2).1 Figure 2: Erect film showing both right and left subphrenic free air (arrows) More difficult is the detection of free air on a supine film where air may present around the falciform ligament (Figure 3) or in the subhepatic space Figure 3: Supine film with free air outlining the falciform ligament (arrowheads) topage30 mailto:E-mall;docsav@mweb.co.za Free intraperitoneal air on paediatric plain radiographs and differentiating this frorn a 'food mound' from page 29 Figure 9: Horizontal beam supine film shows the free air just deep to the anterior surface with a visible Rigler's sign (arrow) Figure 5: The Rigler's sign, with air outlining both sides of the bowel wall (arrows) (Figure 4) or may delineate both sides of the bowel wall as the Rigler's sign (Figure 5).1,2 Larger volumes of air may be seen as the lucent liver sign (Figure 6) and small children may show large amounts of free intraperi- toneal air as the football sign (Fig- ure Every so often we are shown a ra- diograph like Figures 10 or II, where there is suspicion of free air under the left hemidiaphragm.


id: sajr-1973
title: sajr-1973
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3218
sentence: 131
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-1973.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1973.txt
summary:
  This pictorial review illustrates the MRI findings of infrapatellar plica injury and associated knee injuries, with emphasis on its differentiation from the mimics of plica injury. Keywords: MR imaging; knee; synovial plica; infrapatellar plica injury; anterior knee pain.


id: sajr-204
title: SAJR 734
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1629
sentence: 96
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-204.htm
txt: txt/sajr-204.txt
summary:
  Agenesis of the dorsal mesentery without jejunoileal atresia (apple peel small bowel). Agenesis of the dorsal mesentery without jejunoileal atresia (apple peel small bowel).


id: sajr-2001
title: sajr-2001
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 789
sentence: 36
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-2001.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2001.txt
summary:
  South African radiologists are fortunate that that the congress organising committee was able to persuade Prof. Barkovich to make the long journey to South Africa on two occasions (the first and third SASPI-RSSA meetings in 2012 and 2020, respectively). In honour of the extraordinary career of Prof. A. James Barkovich.


id: sajr-1451
author: Höll, Julian
title: Academic radiology: Quo vadis?
date: 2002-03-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 547
sentence: 23
flesch: 63
cache: cache/sajr-1451.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1451.txt
summary:
  But spare a moment for academic institutions, the place where the next gener- ation of 21st century radiologists is trained. We use old equipment in training young radiologists, as minimal funds are available for new equipment.


id: sajr-1370
title: sajr-1370
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6203
sentence: 351
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-1370.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1370.txt
summary:
  Comparison of breast cancers diagnosed in screening patients in their 40s with and without family history of breast cancer in a community outpatient facility. Gabe and Duffy6 summarised ways of evaluating screening in a non-experimental setting, as well as the findings from 38 non-randomised studies on breast cancer screening.


id: sajr-155
author: Albuquerque-Jonathan, G
title: Atypical tuberculosis of the knee joint
date: 2006-02-25
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 833
sentence: 51
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-155.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-155.txt
summary:
  An important feature of TB of the joints can be seen in superficial joints, e.g. hands, where reactive subperiosteal new bone formation appears around lytic areas.1 MRI of TB arthritis can present with a wide range of findings.2 These include bone marrow oedema, synovitis, cartilage/bony destruc- tion, myositis, cellulitis, granulation tissue, abscess-fistula, tenosynovitis, bursitis, fibrosis, etc.2 Findings which should alert one to the possibility of TB include T1WI hyperintense soft tissue, which may represent caseous material, and a T1WI hyperintense lining of a bursitis, a smooth, thin enhancing bursal margin, and bone destruction with new bone formation. The patient was placed on TB treatment for 12 months and is presently still being followed up.


id: sajr-183
author: Richards, S; Andronikou, S
title: The small cerebelium in children - a useful approach on MRI
date: 2006-02-21
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 391
sentence: 26
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-183.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-183.txt
summary:
  Sagittal T1 image shows almost complete absence of the vermis and an enlarged posterior fossa with associated hydrocephalus. Fig. Sagittal T1 image shows the folia and fis- sures to be in proportion in a small cerebellum.


id: sajr-1545
author: Labuscagne, Jan
title: Continuing professional development: The way forward
date: 2000-01-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 639
sentence: 31
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-1545.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1545.txt
summary:
  The Radiological Society of South Africa regards the organization of CPD programs as part of its core busi- ness. • •Continuing professional development the way forward Jan Labuscagne MBChB, MMed (Pret) Chairman, Congress Committee, RSSA, and Radiologist in private practice


id: sajr-1495
author: Klein, M.
title: Tips for the Radiologist: The adenoid and snoring
date: 2001-02-28
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 869
sentence: 52
flesch: 60
cache: cache/sajr-1495.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1495.txt
summary:
  Adenoids are often said to have re- grown, but organs do not regrow after re- moval. The CT in Figure 4 shows homogeneous soft tissue mass (adenoid) be- tween the base of the skull and the posterior margin of the nasal septum - the internal nares.


id: sajr-17
author: Joseph, E; Spiegel, K
title: CT brain demonstration of basal ganglion calcification in adult HIV/AIDS patients
date: 2007-01-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2446
sentence: 127
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-17.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-17.txt
summary:
  The only 2 reported adult cases were drug addicts and it was unclear whether the BGC was related to the HIV disease or due to a drug-induced vas- culitis.2 At our institution an increasing number of adult HIV patients, presented for CT scan of the brain for neurological symptoms, were reported to have BGC. In view of our results, the absence of reports of BGC in adult encephalopathic AIDS patients is puzzling.


id: sajr-1514
author: Andronikou, S.; Dix-Peek, S.; Meerkotter, D.
title: Five cases of paediatric cervical spine distraction injury
date: 2000-10-31
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1921
sentence: 98
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-1514.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1514.txt
summary:
  The ligaments most responsible for primary stabilisation of the cranium on the spine are the tectorial membrane (the continuation of the posterior longitu- dinalligament up to the basion) and the paired alar ligaments (from the odontoid process to the occipital condyles) .4,5Atlanto-occipital disloca- tion (AOD) occurs more frequently in children than in adults.!,3,6AOD was considered rare, but new reports claim that it is a major contributor to mortality in paediatric trauma.t-' Lower cervical spine distraction is,how- ever;not as frequently described in chil- dren under eight years of age.' 4,5Lower cervical spine distrac- tion injury can lead to quadriplegia+ At least 25 reports of AOD have been made, but no significant series of lower cervical spine distraction was found.2,3,4,5,6 Methods of imaging include lateral cervical spine radiographs and CT scanning (using the digital 'scanogram' and multiplanar reconstruction), and MRI is used to assess cord damage in survivors.


id: sajr-2200
title: sajr-2200
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2241
sentence: 146
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-2200.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2200.txt
summary:
  Hepatic visceral larva migrans, a resilient entity on imaging: Experience from a tertiary liver center. Hepatic visceral larva migrans of Toxocara canis: CT and sonographic findings.


id: sajr-207
title: SAJR 771
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 695
sentence: 56
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-207.htm
txt: txt/sajr-207.txt
summary:
  Horseshoe kidneys are frequently complicated by obstruction, infection and calculus formation, and have an increased risk of renal malignancy development, especially Wilms’ tumour. XGPN displays neoplasm-like properties capable of local tissue invasion and destruction, and is occasionally referred to as a pseudotumour.2 Most cases occur in the setting of infected obstruction owing to renal calculi.


id: sajr-1823
title: sajr-1823
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4808
sentence: 257
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-1823.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1823.txt
summary:
  The Image Gently Alliance and campaign, which started in 2007, promoted the ALARA principle and since then has become one of the primary considerations in paediatric imaging.3 Since 2007, there has been a reduction in the annual increase of paediatric CT examinations in the developed world.5 This reduction is likely because of the successes of radiation awareness programmes. At CMJAH, there are dedicated time slots for paediatric CT examinations during the week, but after-hours urgent paediatric CTs are performed in between adult patient CTs, which could lead to an incorrect parameter and CT protocol selection when examining children.


id: sajr-1569
author: Beningfield, Steve
title: Ethiopian Radiology
date: 1998-08-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 440
sentence: 16
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-1569.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1569.txt
summary:
  EDITORIAL Ethiopian Radiology Steve Beninl!field MBChB(UCr;, FFRac!(6jSA Head: Department of Radiology, University of Cape Town Earlier this year I was fortunate enough to be invited to Addis Ababa (which means New Flower, founded 1887) in Ethiopia for a week. There are three medical schools in the country, including in Addis Ababa.


id: sajr-1588
author: Markgraaf, Chris; Sweetlove, Ann
title: Letter to the editor: Whither breast imaging in SA
date: 1997-06-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 941
sentence: 47
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-1588.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1588.txt
summary:
  Delivered in December 1996, the Philips Gyroscan ACS-NT 1.5 Tesla Mo- bile enables the medical organization to provide high quality imaging to patients in hospitals in the areas served by the char- ity. We agree that it is impossible to do mammography justice without dedicated equipment and a trained and enthusiastic team.


id: sajr-213
title: SAJR 792
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1293
sentence: 92
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-213.htm
txt: txt/sajr-213.txt
summary:
  The main treatment options for symptomatic pseudoaneurysms include ultrasound-guided compression, percutaneous thrombin injection or surgical repair. Percutaneous thrombin injection is a simple, safe and effective technique for managing femoral pseudoaneurysms.


id: sajr-1935
title: sajr-1935
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2090
sentence: 131
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-1935.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1935.txt
summary:
  The patency of the processus vaginalis in females leads to the presence of a potential space between the peritoneum, inguinal canal and labia majora, which is known as the canal of Nuck. Current concepts in inguinal hernia in infants and children.


id: sajr-1462
author: Lloyd-Jones, A. R.
title: Tips for the Radiologist:Why videofluoroscopy?
date: 2002-03-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1983
sentence: 99
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-1462.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1462.txt
summary:
  Dysphagia may manifest in vary- ing degrees, from mild symptoms such as the sensation of food sticking in the throat, to severe dysphagia where the oral intake of food or liq- uids is impossible. Further, the study is designed to define optimal eating strategies to enable the patient to continue at least partial intake, Who to refer Any patient who complains of a swallowing disorder should at the very least be referred to a speech therapist who can utilise screening instruments to identify the extent of the problem/ This will avoid doing a videofluo- roscopy on patients who have mild oral phase dysphagia.


id: sajr-1470
author: Andronikou, Savvas
date: 2001-10-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 657
sentence: 27
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-1470.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1470.txt
title:
  The diaspora of radiologists in a quest for fellowships: An easy way out, or is there a gap in our training programmes?

summary:
  Such fields include cross-sectional imaging, neuroradiology, muskuloskeletal radiology, paediatric radiology and even more refined areas such as paediatric neuroradiology. Currently seven Cape Town graduates have already or are about to enter fellowship posts in the above countries.


id: sajr-157
author: Hlongwane, S T; Pienaar, M; Dekker, G; Brandt, A; van der Merwe, D; Louw, H B; Dajee, S
title: Proptosis as a manifestation of neuroblastoma
date: 2006-02-25
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 799
sentence: 43
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-157.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-157.txt
summary:
  In a study of 57 cases of childhood proptosis, metastatic neuroblastoma was the cause in 31 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • December 2006 Proptosis as a manifestation of neuroblastoma S T Hlongwane, MB ChB M Pienaar, BSc, MB ChB G Dekker, MB ChB, MFamMed A Brandt, MB ChB D van der Merwe, MB ChB H B Louw, MB ChB, MFamMed S Dajee, MB ChB, DA, MMed Rad (D) Department of Radiology, Tygerberg Hospital and Stellenbosch University CASE REPORT Fig. 1(a) and (b). Neuroblastoma accounts for 7.5% of all cancers in children less than 15 years of age, with 90% of all neuroblastomas occurring before the age of 10 years.1 Approximately 1% of patients present initially with evidence of metastatic disease without a readily identifiable primary lesion.


id: sajr-1434
author: Duncan, Ian C.
date: 2002-09-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 965
sentence: 55
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-1434.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1434.txt
title:
  Arteriovenous shunting and early cortical venous filling in subacute cerebral infarction: An old angiographic finding revisited

summary:
  CASE REPORT Arteriovenous shunting and early cortical venous filling in subacute cerebral infarction an old angio- graphic finding revisited Ian C Duncan FFRad(D)SA Unitas Interventional Unit POBox 14031 Lyttelton 0140 Abstract Demonstrated in this report is an example of arteriovenous shunting and early venous filling in an area of cerebral infarction recorded on digital subtraction angiography. Thus we were able to show by means of high-quality dig- ital subtraction angiography this excellent example of luxury perfu- sion with arteriovenous shunting and early venous filling related to cerebral infarction, an angiograph- ic appearance seldom seen nowa- days.


id: sajr-1477
author: Drosten, Ralph
title: Intertrochanteric stress fracture following the Comrades Marathon
date: 2001-10-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1198
sentence: 69
flesch: 60
cache: cache/sajr-1477.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1477.txt
summary:
  Common sites for stress fractures include the metatarsal shafts ('march fractures'), pubic rami, femoral neck, tibial and fibular shafts and the cal- caneal tuberosity. I': Pf!.vlt Figs 6. 'Tc MOP isotope study 10 days after the Comrades Marathon demonstrating uptake in the right intertrochanteric region (arrow), consistent with a stress fracture. of normal stresses applied to abnor- mal bone is an insufficiency fracture (normal stress to abnormal bone).


id: sajr-1442
author: van der Merwe, J. P.; de Vries, C. S.
title: Percutaneous kidney stone removal: History, anatomy and statistical analysis of a group of patients
date: 2002-06-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 898
sentence: 48
flesch: 60
cache: cache/sajr-1442.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1442.txt
summary:
  Incomplete stone removal was as a result of intraoperative bleeding, extravasation, multiple stones which could not be reached with a single tract, transference of stones to unreachable calices and small residual fragments smaller than 3 mm. Models ol kidney anatomy.


id: sajr-148
author: Beningfield, Steve
title: ISR Congress
date: 2006-02-25
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 889
sentence: 34
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-148.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-148.txt
summary:
  So the International Society of Radiology Congress blew through the Foreshore like the South-Easter – hopefully it went well for you? The remarkable work by the ever-energetic Jan Labuscagne over the protracted lead-in period was a major boost to the international profile of South African Radiology – thank you, Jan! Thanks also to my co-track chairs for shepherding their own programs through sometimes uncertain waters.


id: sajr-1537
author: Rachman, I.; Boss, G.
title: Linear diaphragmatic calcification in a two year-old child with tuberculosis
date: 1998-05-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 914
sentence: 47
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-1537.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1537.txt
summary:
  Figure 2: Chest radiograph two months after commencement of therapy demonstrating partial clearing of lung opacification and small fleck of calcification (arrow) on the right diaphragmatic pleura. May 1998 We describe the case of a young child with x-ray changes typical of pleural asbestosis, in which the min- eral could not be reasonably impli- cated.


id: sajr-1287
author: Magano, Gopolang; Pillay, Tanyia; Lucas, Susan
date: 2017-11-27
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 195
sentence: 15
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-1287.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1287.txt
title:
  Corrigendum: Paediatric doctors’ error rate in detection of paediatric elbow injuries in Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital

summary:
  Corrigendum: Paediatric doctors’ error rate in detection of paediatric elbow injuries in Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital Read online: Scan this QR code with your smart phone or mobile device to read online. S Afr J Rad.


id: sajr-156
author: Said-Hartley, Q; Candy, S
title: Hyperparathyroidism with presumed sellar-parasellar brown tumour based on imaging findings
date: 2006-02-25
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 730
sentence: 42
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-156.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-156.txt
summary:
  CASE REPORT 29 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • December 2006 Brown tumours are an end-stage complication of hyperparathyroidism. Brown tumours, solid aneurysmal bone cysts, giant-cell reparative granuloma and giant cell tumour can all appear identical both macro- and microscopically.2 Case report The middle-aged female patient had presented initially 2 years before with a pathological fracture of her left proximal humerus.


id: sajr-1424
author: Sher, Basil J.; Duncan, Ian C.
title: Bronchiolitis obliterans: An illustrative case following toxic fume exposure
date: 2002-12-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1444
sentence: 84
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-1424.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1424.txt
summary:
  An obstructive picture was obtained on lung function testing. The diagnosis is extremely difficult to make at open lung biopsy, and relies more upon the combination of clinical features, lung function testing and the radiographic findings.


id: sajr-2168
title: sajr-2168
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4717
sentence: 377
flesch: 34
cache: cache/sajr-2168.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2168.txt
summary:
  internet-accessible case collections are also being used increasingly for radiology subspecialisation training in other European countries with limited access to complex equipment.25 Simulation-based technology and immersive training environment for IR have also been proposed.74,75 A complementary business model of medical subspeciality training that incorporates the private sector has been developed for reproductive medicine in South Africa by Dalmeyer et The pros and cons of radiology subspecialisation had been discussed comprehensively by other authors.9,22,23,24,25,26 This research aims to investigate the current status of radiology subspecialisation training programmes in Africa and to identify the obstacles to the actualisation of this laudable aspiration.


id: sajr-2255
title: sajr-2255
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1802
sentence: 109
flesch: 36
cache: cache/sajr-2255.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2255.txt
summary:
  Keywords: pnuemorrhachis; spontaneous pneumomediastinum; epidural air. Epidural air is usually benign, however PR related neurological symptoms have been documented.3 Yaginuma et al. presented two cases of PR associated with pneumomediastinum in young patients.2


id: sajr-1978
title: sajr-1978
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2170
sentence: 106
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-1978.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1978.txt
summary:
  Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma has a slight female predominance (1.2:1) and a wide patient age range for disease presentation, although it most often presents in the fifth decade of life.2 The World Health Organisation classification of haematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms includes FDCS in the group of histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms.5 Because of the rarity of dendritic cell sarcoma (DCS), its clinical behaviour and optimal management has not been consolidated. Not always ‘squame’: The rare entity of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the tonsil presenting with cervical nodal metastases.


id: sajr-1874
title: sajr-1874
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4215
sentence: 254
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-1874.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1874.txt
summary:
  Conclusion In conclusion, this article highlights the challenges of undergraduate nuclear medicine education, more particularly in South Africa, and recognises the need for the implementation of formal guidelines for undergraduate medical nuclear medicine education in MBChB programmes in South Africa. Here we highlight the challenges of undergraduate nuclear medicine teaching in South Africa, emphasising the need for the implementation of guidelines for undergraduate nuclear medicine education.


id: sajr-2053
title: sajr-2053
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2327
sentence: 130
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-2053.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2053.txt
summary:
  Paediatric prostatic abscess is an uncommon condition and continues to remain a difficult clinical diagnosis to consider. Chemotherapy, organ transplant or previous genitourinary procedures also present a higher risk of prostatic abscess.3 Two mechanisms for the pathogenesis of prostatic abscess have been described.


id: sajr-1515
author: Andronikou, S.; Welman, C.; Kader, E.; Joubert, R.
title: Computed tomography features of venous sinus thrombosis and infarction in children
date: 2000-10-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 566
sentence: 26
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-1515.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1515.txt
summary:
  Beyond the acute phase, the adminis- tration of intravenous contrast may to page 15 mailto:docsav@mweb.co.za Computed torrmgrnp hv features of venous sinus thrombosis and venous infarction in children (rom page 14 Figure 4: 'Flame'-shaped densities representing haemorrhage along thrombosed cortical veins on the low-density background of oedema demonstrate the 'delta' sign. October 2000 Figure 2: Non-haemorrhagic venous infarct is seen as bilateral symmetrical subcortical white matter low-density involving the centrum semiovale Figure 3: Bilateral temporal venous infarcts resulting from thrombosis in both transverse sinuses (circles) su perior sagittal, transverse and straight sinuses as well as the vein of Galen.


id: sajr-1827
title: sajr-1827
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 709
sentence: 47
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-1827.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1827.txt
summary:
  It is a world of unrelenting struggle for recognition, reputability and acceptance where promoted research is constantly exposed to criticism over quality and relevance to bolster journal metrics. The difficulty faced by authors and journals is deciding on which indexers to aim for.


id: sajr-1453
author: Howarth, G. R.
title: Consent in radiology
date: 2002-03-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2390
sentence: 163
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-1453.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1453.txt
summary:
  I Philosophically the paradigmatic example of respecting an individual's autonomy is taking informed consent from them prior to an examination or procedure.' : Once one has accepted that informed consent is mandatory, the basic structure of the consent process should be understood and followed (Table I).!


id: sajr-1546
author: Benningfield, S.
title: The Future - Part 1: Technological advances
date: 2000-01-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1643
sentence: 79
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-1546.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1546.txt
summary:
  In many ways the cur- rent South African fellowship follows the UK fellowship exam structure in the late seventies and early eighties with essay type questions, film view- ing and long cases. Computer-aided diagnosis will prob- ably take many years to achieve, and may then only serve as a support sys- tem, providing a cost-effective means of double-reading images.


id: sajr-1526
author: Corr, P.
title: Introduction to MR H¹ spectroscopy
date: 2000-04-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1437
sentence: 82
flesch: 60
cache: cache/sajr-1526.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1526.txt
summary:
  Castillo M, Kwock L. Proton MR spectroscopy of common brain tumours. 4. Castillo M, Kwock L. Proton MR spectroscopy of common brain tumours.


id: sajr-1463
author: Andronikou, S.; Welman, C.; Kader, E.
title: Chiari type I and II malformations
date: 2002-03-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 455
sentence: 32
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-1463.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1463.txt
summary:
  Chiari II malformation is initially encountered in children, occurring in virtually all those who have myelomeningocoele. This is the commonest indication for radiological evaluation at which time the features of Chiari type II will be visualised.


id: sajr-193
author: Chamarthi, S K; Kiranmayi, A L; Mukarrab, A M
title: Central pontine myelinolysis
date: 2006-02-14
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1024
sentence: 68
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-193.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-193.txt
summary:
  Introduction Central pontine myelinolysis is a demyelinating disease of the pons characterised by loss of myelin and oligodendroglia with relative neuron sparing. We report a case of central pontine myelinolysis in a chronic alcoholic, malnourished patient following rapid correction of hyponatraemia.


id: sajr-1570
author: Ramsing, B.; Corr, P.
title: Diffusion weighted MR imaging
date: 1998-08-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1540
sentence: 93
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-1570.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1570.txt
summary:
  Sub- acute infarcts are hyperintense on OWl due to decreased diffusion from cytotoxic oedema, while chronic infarcts are hypointense as a result of increased diffusion from vasogenic oedema and increased extracellular water. The absence of decreased diffusion correlates with the absence of infarc- tion, and rather suggests stroke mimics 5 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY· August 1998 such as transient ischaemie attacks, migraine, and metabolic causes.


id: sajr-1841
title: sajr-1841
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3995
sentence: 211
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-1841.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1841.txt
summary:
  The retention of advanced life support knowledge among registered nurses. There were also 15 multiple-choice and six closed-ended questions assessing the knowledge and practice of CPR, as well as the recognition and management of contrast media reactions.


id: sajr-1435
author: Sher, B. J.; Duncan, Ian C.
title: Hepatocerebral degeneration: A case report
date: 2002-09-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 958
sentence: 65
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-1435.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1435.txt
summary:
  Sagittal unenhanced T1 MR scan showing increased signal intensity within the mesen- cephalon with sparing of the red nuclei. Discussion The causes for increased TI- weighted signal intensity in the basal ganglia on MRI scans of the brain are shown in Table I.


id: sajr-208
title: SAJR - 747
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 2668
sentence: 106
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-208.htm
txt: txt/sajr-208.txt
summary:
  Phase-contrast MR imaging (PC-MRI) is a rapid, simple and non-invasive technique that is sensitive to CSF flow. Comparison of CSF flow patterns between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, those with or without syringomyelia, and those with syringomyelia but with or without tonsillar herniation, is possible.4 PC-MRI is able to confirm aqueductal stenosis suspected on morphological sequences and is sensitive even to slow CSF flows at the aqueductal level.1 Efforts to visualise the patency of a third ventriculostomy begin with the detection of a flow void in the floor of the third ventricle on T2-weighted MR images and later confirmation with the use of cine 2-dimensional (2D) phase-contrast (PC) MR images.5 Patency on cine PC MR images correlates well with clinical prognosis, but whether patency as perceived on MR images represents actual anatomic patency has never been proved.5 Figs 1(a - e) (structural sagittal MRI imaging of CSF flow) follow below.


id: sajr-1806
title: sajr-1806
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3031
sentence: 150
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-1806.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1806.txt
summary:
  Questions evaluating radiation safety knowledge tested participants on fundamental radiation principles, some of which could directly be applied in the orthopaedic theatre to reduce radiation dose. Questions evaluating radiation safety knowledge revealed that 34 (77%) participants did not know the meaning of the ALARA principle.


id: sajr-1589
author: Office, Editorial
title: Film digitizers vs. CCD scanners
date: 1997-06-30
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2014
sentence: 91
flesch: 62
cache: cache/sajr-1589.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1589.txt
summary:
  The log amplifier normalizes the extremely high number of photons (high voltage) detected at low opti- cal densities versus the relatively low number of photons (lower voltages) detected at high optical densities. Ad- vantages: It doesn't burn out every six months, there's less scatter, and more photons means higher signal/ noise (more accurate density meas- urements) at higher optical densities.


id: sajr-1560
author: Corr, Peter
title: Radiology in Kenya
date: 1998-11-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 462
sentence: 27
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-1560.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1560.txt
summary:
  The Kenyan Association is led by young dynamic radiologists who are keen to encourage the development of radiology in Kenya despite the many financial difficulties that the country faces. Head: Depal1ment of Radiology, University of Natal On a recent visit as external examiner to the Department of Radiology,University of Nairobi, I had the opportunity to meet a number of radiologists at their practices and give a lecture to the Kenyan Association of Radiologists.


id: sajr-2256
title: sajr-2256
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 275
sentence: 14
flesch: 35
cache: cache/sajr-2256.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2256.txt
summary:
  Note: DOI of original article published: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v23i1.1730 Correction Erratum: Chest radiographs of cardiac devices (Part 1): Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices, cardiac valve prostheses and Amplatzer occluder devices Rishi P. Mathew, Timothy Alexander, Vimal Patel, Gavin Low Published: 17 Nov. 2021 Copyright: Chest radiographs of cardiac devices (Part 1): Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices, cardiac valve prostheses and Amplatzer occluder devices.


id: sajr-1478
author: Drosten, Ralph
title: A classical presentation of Peyronie's disease
date: 2001-10-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 948
sentence: 57
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-1478.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1478.txt
summary:
  The findings of hypere- choic foci or calcification within the corpora cavernosa or spongiosum may represent a Peyronie's plaque (Figs 1 and 2). CT can show disease that cannot be palpated or demonstrated clinically.


id: sajr-1538
author: Pak, M. W.; Kew, J.
title: Sphenochoanal polyp: Radiological diagnosis
date: 1998-05-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1040
sentence: 68
flesch: 60
cache: cache/sajr-1538.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1538.txt
summary:
  The dif- ferential diagnosis of a soft tissue mass in the sphenoethmoidal recess/choana could include nasal polyp with sphenoid sinusitis, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphoma. Choanal polyps from sphenoid si- nus are rare but share the characteristic similarity with the more common coun- terparts which arise from the maxillary sinus.


id: sajr-1474
author: Andronikou, Savvas; Kader, Ebrahim; Welman, Chris
date: 2001-10-31
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1503
sentence: 111
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-1474.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1474.txt
title:
  Standardised ultrasound technique for evaluation of urinary tract infection in South African children highlighting the capabilities and pitfalls of this modality

summary:
  The imaging of UTI in children is a controversial sub- 35 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • October 2001 terpretation of US findings that are not evidence-based. US ele- gantly demonstrates many features of the urinary tract including renal size, congenital abnormalities, calculi and, in particular, obstruction to flow (pelvicalyceal dilation), a treatable though relatively rare cause of UTP4 As is well recognised, the diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility of US findings are user-dependent, Stand- ardisation of US technique not only improves its diagnostic power, but also facilitates easy and reliable patient follow-up.


id: sajr-1580
author: Rijke, A.
title: Magnetic resonance imaging: Where is it going to take us?
date: 1997-06-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1459
sentence: 57
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-1580.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1580.txt
summary:
  and I am one of them - that MRI, particularly that of the CNS and the musculoskeletal system holds the ulti- mate capability of uncovering any mor- phology or pathology needed to direct therapeutic approach. Today, MRI of the menisci is one of the most fre- quent uses of the technology show- ing the fibrocartilagic as well as mus- cle, tendon, and ligament pathology in exquisite detail reliably dictating therapy and directing the surgeon to the site of injury.


id: sajr-2027
title: sajr-2027
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6453
sentence: 318
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-2027.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2027.txt
summary:
  https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0000000000000927 Kramer RE, Lerner DG, Lin T, et al. Management of ingested foreign bodies in children: A clinical report of the NASPGHAN Endoscopy Committee. et al. Management of ingested foreign bodies and food impactions.


id: sajr-216
title: SAJR 841
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 922
sentence: 33
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-216.htm
txt: txt/sajr-216.txt
summary:
  During the course, Proff Anne Osborne and Jay P Heiken were added to this distinguished list, each also receiving a gold Kruger Rand from the RSSA. Professor Heiken (ICIS Secretary and Chair) has collaborated with Professor Leon Janse van Rensburg, RSSA Congress Chairman, for 2 years in bringing a world-class cancer imaging course to our doorstep. A highlight was the oral paper presentations for the RSSA Travel Award of $5 000 that is annually awarded for the best scientific paper by a resident or radiologist less than 5 years qualified.


id: sajr-2146
title: sajr-2146
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2373
sentence: 146
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-2146.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2146.txt
summary:
  Grey matter injury patterns in cerebral palsy: Associations between structural involvement on MRI and clinical outcomes. References References About the Author(s) Bates Alheit Private Radiology, Cape Town, South Africa Citation Alheit B. Letter to the editor: Addressing radiological terminology of basal ganglia and thalamic injury in hypoxic ischaemic injury.


id: sajr-1497
author: Andronikou, S.; Welman, C.; Kader, E.
date: 2001-02-28
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1168
sentence: 72
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-1497.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1497.txt
title:
  Tips for the Radiologist: Clarifying lucent oval skull markings in children - Craniolacunia, convolutional markings and copper-beaten skull

summary:
  By noting the clinical setting, the age of the patient and associated skull abnormalities, the appropriate terms can be used so that normal convolu- tional markings can be distinguished from accentuated markings of copper (silver)-beaten skull in raised intrac- ranial pressure (Iep) and the lacunae in patients with Liickenschadel ac- companying spinal dysraphism. Convolutional markings/ digital impressions These are normal markings seen as areas of decreased density in the calvarium (Figure 2).


id: sajr-1425
author: Duncan, Ian C.; Volkersz, Hans H.
date: 2002-12-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1053
sentence: 54
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-1425.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1425.txt
title:
  Radiographic imaging following the use of absorbable internal fixation devices in orthopaedic surgery: The 'invisible' screws

summary:
  absorbable internal fixation devices occurred in Finland in 1984 in a num- ber of ankle fracture repairs. The presence of metallic devices can result in signifi- cant imaging artefacts particularly with magnetic resonance imaging, which can result in sub-optimal post- operative imaging.


id: sajr-2009
title: sajr-2009
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5643
sentence: 281
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-2009.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2009.txt
summary:
  Mitsui et al.5 in a later study found a strong correlation between both types of volumes and MAG3-measured SRF (r = 0.921 for renal cortical volume; r = 0.942 for renal parenchymal volume) using an automated volume analyser software for CT renal volumetry (SYNAPSE VINCENT version 4, FUJIFILM, Tokyo, Japan). Using renal volume and attenuation, SRF was determined and compared with results obtained at DTPA imaging.


id: sajr-1443
author: Potgieter, H. F.; de Vries, C. S.; Loggenberg, E.
date: 2002-06-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1654
sentence: 113
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-1443.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1443.txt
title:
  Technical success rate of uterine artery embolisation for treatment of uterine leiomyomas at the University of the Free State

summary:
  Uterine artery embolisation has been reported to be a minimally inva- sive, safe and effective alternative to traditional uterine leiomyoma treat- ment. : Uterine artery embolisation was first used in the 1970s to treat post- 26 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2002 partum haemorrhage.


id: sajr-1490
author: de Villiers, R.
title: Osteochondritis dissecans in adolescence
date: 2001-02-28
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1665
sentence: 101
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-1490.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1490.txt
summary:
  The stress com- presses the bone and may result in a spectrum of injury ranging from articular cartilage injury to an osteochondral avulsion frac- ture. The knee, elbow and talus are the most common sites in- Figure 2: Axial CT of the left elbow viewed from the eraniad aspect.


id: sajr-1527
author: Kruger, G.
title: Mammographic density of breasts: The effect of hormone therapy
date: 2000-04-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 396
sentence: 21
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-1527.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1527.txt
summary:
  Discussion The cases described are two exam- ples of a diffuse increase in the glandu- lar element of breast tissue following hormone replacement therapy in post- menopausal women. April 2000 Figure 1(a) and (b): The images on the top half of the figures illustrate breast density before HRT, and the bottom half after HRT. in density of the breasts as a result of hormone replacement can also follow the administration of vaginal creams.


id: sajr-182
author: Brandt, A; Louw, B; Dekker, G; Hlongwane, S; Pienaar, M
title: Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis
date: 2006-02-21
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 398
sentence: 25
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-182.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-182.txt
summary:
  Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis with radiologically occult cause: a retrospective study of 43 cases. Schmutz GR, Benko A, Billiard JS, Fournier L, Peron JM, Fisch-Ponsot C. Computed tomography of superior mesenteric vein thrombosis following appendicectomy.


id: sajr-1464
author: Andronikou, S.; Welman, C.; Kader, E.; Joubert, R.
title: Computed tomography appearances in paediatric tuberous sclerosis
date: 2002-03-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 549
sentence: 35
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-1464.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1464.txt
summary:
  The open arrows indicate white matter lesions of low density with partial calcification (high-density focus). Subependymal calcified hamatomas (arrows) are seen along the sutiece of the bodies of the lateral ventricles.


id: sajr-2273
title: sajr-2273
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3586
sentence: 188
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-2273.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2273.txt
summary:
  Thirty per cent of the study population had findings related directly to the presence of PTED, whilst most cases in the study (77.5%) had pulmonary findings unrelated to PTED. Thirty percent of the study population also had associated findings related directly to the presence of PE and 77.5% had pulmonary findings unrelated to PE (Table 4).


id: sajr-205
title: SAJR 760
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1159
sentence: 57
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-205.htm
txt: txt/sajr-205.txt
summary:
  A diagnosis of gastric bezoar was made. As the bezoar enlarges, it causes compression and mechanical irritation of the intestinal mucosa, leading to complications such as chronic inflammation, ulceration, perforation, intussusception and obstruction.1 Intramural pneumatosis and emphysematous gastritis have been reported in association with gastric bezoars.


id: sajr-1979
title: sajr-1979
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2458
sentence: 130
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-1979.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1979.txt
summary:
  A case report of left paraduodenal hernia diagnosed preoperatively and treated laparoscopically. Abstract Introduction Case report Ethical consideration Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Atish Vanmali Jackpersad and Partners Inc., Private Practice, Durban, South Africa Jaynund Maharajh Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, South Africa Mario Haines Jackpersad and Partners Inc., Private Practice, Durban, South Africa Citation Vanmali A, Maharajh J, Haines M. Left paraduodenal hernia:


id: sajr-1808
title: sajr-1808
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 230
sentence: 10
flesch: 33
cache: cache/sajr-1808.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1808.txt
summary:
  S Afr J Rad. 2019;23(1), a1808. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v23i1.1808 Note: DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v23i1.1729 Erratum Erratum: Chest radiographs – Lines, tubes, non-cardiac medical devices and materials Rishi P. Mathew, Timothy Alexander, Vimal Patel, Gavin Low Published: 05 Dec. 2019 Copyright: © 2019. About the Author(s) Rishi P. Mathew Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Timothy Alexander Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Vimal Patel Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Gavin Low Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Citation Mathew RP, Alexander T, Patel V, Low G. Erratum:


id: sajr-1547
author: Corr, Peter
title: The Future - Part 2: Training radiologists - Past, present and future
date: 2000-01-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1254
sentence: 54
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-1547.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1547.txt
summary:
  Currently there are 450 radiologists registered here, however it is likely that South Africa will face a shortage of newly qualified radiologists within the next five years unless the number of radiology training posts available is increased. They write the College of Medicine fellowship exam within four years of training.


id: sajr-1876
title: sajr-1876
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3470
sentence: 155
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-1876.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1876.txt
summary:
  The prediction equation of interest was a logistic regression function with dependant variable ‘outcome’, i.e. zero if all three types of cervical spine subluxation were absent and one if at least one of the three types of cervical spine subluxations were present. Sub-axial subluxation is caused by facet joint erosion and ligament incompetence and can occur at multiple levels.4,5,6 The association between peripheral joint destruction and cervical spine subluxation in RA is known,2 but only one previous study has correlated the Simple Erosion Narrowing Score (SENS) of both the hands and feet with the prevalence of cervical spine subluxation.11 Our study is the first to correlate SENS of the hands only with cervical spine subluxation.


id: sajr-1436
author: Duncan, Ian C.; Fourie, P. A.
title: Hepatic 'pseudo lesions': Still an unrecognised pitfall
date: 2002-09-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 564
sentence: 37
flesch: 63
cache: cache/sajr-1436.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1436.txt
summary:
  Late (venous) phase seen at the same level now showing hepatic vein enhancement. In general, post-contrast helical scans are consid- ered to be 'early' or 'arterial' phase scans when done during the hepatic arterial enhancement stage, roughly between 20 and 40 seconds after administering an IV contrast bolus, and 'late' or 'venous' phase scans are obtained during the peak of portal vein enhancement at approximately 60 - 90 seconds post bolus.


id: sajr-1454
author: Trollip, M. J.
title: Mounier-Kuhn syndrome: A case study
date: 2002-03-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1484
sentence: 90
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-1454.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1454.txt
summary:
  Mounier- Kuhn syndrome (tra- cheobronchomegaly). Normal tracheal diameter on a pos- tera-anterior radiograph is 20 mm, with a standard deviation of 2 mm.


id: sajr-1518
author: Andronikou, S.; Welman, C.; Kader, E.
title: A trio of multiple Wilms' tumours
date: 2000-08-31
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1521
sentence: 90
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-1518.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1518.txt
summary:
  A DMSA scan demon- strated a differential function of 68% on the right and 32% on the left, Repeat CT showed more than one mass in the right kid- ney, In view of possible view of the clinical setting, the child salvage surgery in the was managed conservatively until his better functioning right kidney, an death, MRI was performed to delineate the Figures 211 and b: Bilateral tumours in a horseshoe kidney extent of the masses, At least five masses were demonstrated (Figures 3b,c,d), three of which were histologically proven nephroblastomatosis, A repeat course of chemotherapy was in- stituted, mour of children between one and eight years of age and is the third com- monest cause for a renal mass in child- hood after hydronephrosis and multicystic dysplastic kidney.' Bilateral tumours occur in 5% of cases and unilateral multicen- tric tumours in 7%.


id: sajr-2201
title: sajr-2201
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6150
sentence: 289
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-2201.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2201.txt
summary:
  FIGURE 1: Fluorine-18 FDG PET scans in dementia. Professional society endorsed guidelines on the use of FDG PET-CT in neurodegenerative conditions have also recently been published.10 FDG PET-CT In the context of mild cognitive impairment, FDG PET-CT may be valuable as a baseline investigation to diagnose early AD, FTD, or DLB, principally because of its high negative predictive value.10


id: sajr-189
author: Makama, J Z; Khan, N; Makhanya, N Z; Motswaledi, H
title: Botryomycosis
date: 2006-02-14
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 965
sentence: 66
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-189.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-189.txt
summary:
  Post-contrast axial CT scan: dense homogeneous enhancement of both the extra-and intracranial components of the mass. 15 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • March 2006 Botryomycosis.indd 15 3/27/06 12:09:49 PM Les formes actinomycotiques du staphylocoque, the first paper published on botryomycosis involvement in humans, appeared in 1914 - 1919.1,2


id: sajr-1498
author: Carter, D.
title: Tips for the Radiologist: The case of the regenerating cortex
date: 2001-02-28
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 220
sentence: 11
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-1498.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1498.txt
summary:
  The CT scans reproduced here dramati- cally show the process of cortical re- generation in a neonate presenting with congenital hy- drocephalus .The first scan is two days post-delivery, the sec- ond immediately af- ter insertion of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, and the final scan at age two. D Carter MBChB Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town SB SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY· February 2001


id: sajr-1953
title: sajr-1953
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1928
sentence: 142
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-1953.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1953.txt
summary:
  Abstract Vigorous achalasia is an oesophageal disorder with clinical and radiological characteristics of classic achalasia and diffuse oesophageal spasm. Keywords: vigorous achalasia; diffuse oesophageal spasm; classic achalasia; barium swallow; proton pump inhibitors.


id: sajr-1475
author: Allopi, S.; Singh, B.; Moodley, J.; Maharaj, J.
title: A bizarre cause of gastric outlet obstruction
date: 2001-10-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1009
sentence: 64
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-1475.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1475.txt
summary:
  We report possibly the first case of GOO caused by metallic foreign bodies occluding the pyloro-duodenal junction. Foreign bodies causing GOO are extremely rare.


id: sajr-1426
author: Tsatsi, L. D.R.
title: We are in this together
date: 2002-09-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 527
sentence: 27
flesch: 62
cache: cache/sajr-1426.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1426.txt
summary:
  Congratulations Congratulations to Professor Peter Corr who was awarded the Antoine Beclere Medal for service to radiology at the International Society of Radiology (ISR) 2002 Meeting, held in Cancun, Mexico. The appalling state of equipment and service within the public service today is of great concern to us all.


id: sajr-1571
author: Magnus, K. G.
title: Intervertebral disc calcification in children
date: 1998-08-31
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2644
sentence: 168
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-1571.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1571.txt
summary:
  Intervertebral disc calcification in children, Pediatric Neurology 1987; 3 (2): 108-110. 9. Henry MJ, Grimes HA, Lane lW. Intervertebral disc calcification in childhood.


id: sajr-1844
title: sajr-1844
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2640
sentence: 142
flesch: 32
cache: cache/sajr-1844.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1844.txt
summary:
  Luminal surface enhancement (LSE) with continuous mucosal lines is seen in 66% of cases, and a focal breach in the mucosal line is not uncommon.1 Pericholecystic fat stranding, blurring of the interface with liver, oedema, transient hepatic attenuation differences or early enhancement may be appreciated in the adjacent liver parenchyma.4 Zhao et al.6 observed that the co-existence of at least four out of the five CT features (diffuse GB wall thickening, hypoattenuating intramural nodules, continuous mucosal line, LSE and gallstones) was found in 80% cases of histologically proven XGC.6 On dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, areas of T2 isointensity showing early and strong delayed enhancement suggest xanthogranulomas, whereas high T2 signal lesions without enhancement suggest microabscesses.1 Contrast-enhanced computed tomography is the best modality for the evaluation of GB wall thickening and a systematic approach may be beneficial in arriving at an accurate diagnosis, as follows: Is the thickening focal or diffuse?


id: sajr-1479
author: Andronikou, S.; Smith, B.
title: Tips for the Radiologist: Ultrasound evaluation of occult spinal dysraphism
date: 2001-10-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1853
sentence: 85
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-1479.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1479.txt
summary:
  Normal ultra- sound anatomy The normal structures identified are depicted in Figs la and lb, and include the following: (l) a homoge- neously hypo echoic spinal cord with a central hyperechoic line representing the depth of the paramedian sulcus,' (il) the cord surrounded by the hyper- echoic pia mater and the hypoechoic eSF; (iii) eSF is usually seen only dor- sal to the cord as a normal untethered cord is dependent and lies in a ventral position against the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies when the patient is prone; (iv) hyperechoic dura surrounding the eSF and the unossified bony elements dorsal to this are identifiable; (v) the paraspinal muscles are seen in a paramedian position covered by a continuous layer of subcutaneous fat and skin:' (Vl) the conus is recognised as a smooth taper- ing structure that ends at the lower end of L3 in a normal infant:' (Vil) the filum terminale is seen extending as a hyperechoic line from the tip of the conus in a caudal direction to the back of the first coccygeal segment and should never be more than 3 mm in diameter or have any structures with- in it;' and (viil) the fine echogenie strands extending from the caudal portion of the conus represent the cauda equina.' There is an associated dorsal lipoma (thick straight arrow) and there are also cord elements protruding through the bony defect (white arrow·head), An associated distal cord syrinx is also present (thin straight arrow).


id: sajr-214
title: SAJR 842
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1501
sentence: 89
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-214.htm
txt: txt/sajr-214.txt
summary:
  Transition point (broad arrow) with distended afferent duodeno-jejunal limb (*). Frequency and causes The occurrence of afferent loop obstruction depends on length of follow-up, ranging between 0.2% and 20%.4 Where gastric carcinoma was the indication for the initial operation,5 tumour recurrence was noted to outweigh other usual causes such as adhesions, anastomotic ulcers, stenoses, internal hernias in surgically created foraminae (including in the mesentery), twisting foci, or intussusceptions.2 , 6 Clinical presentation The non-specific symptoms classically occur either in the postoperative period or much later e.g. owing to tumour recurrence. Afferent loop obstruction is a specific form of closed loop obstruction with the proximal component being the surgically closed-off duodenal stump (Figs 4 and 5), and the distal/downstream obstruction due to a variety of causes.


id: sajr-209
title: SAJR 790
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 2536
sentence: 169
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-209.htm
txt: txt/sajr-209.txt
summary:
  Corresponding author: P Barnardt (pieterb@sun.ac.za) Primary bone tumours account for 5% of all adolescent and child cancers. When Ewing’s sarcoma arises in soft tissue rather than bone, it is referred to as extraskeletal Ewing’s sarcoma (ESS).


id: sajr-2030
title: sajr-2030
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2242
sentence: 138
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-2030.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2030.txt
summary:
  Discussion Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis is an idiopathic inflammatory disease, mostly prevalent in children and adolescents, that results in episodic bone pain.3,4,5,6 It is an uncommon condition with an estimated prevalence of one in a million.6 Interestingly, for some unknown reasons, literature indicates that up to 85% of the affected are females.6 Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis is also known as chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis as no pathogens grow on blood culture and antibiotics do not relieve the symptoms.6,7 Abstract Introduction Case report Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Pankaj Nepal Department of Radiology, Faculty of Sciences, St. Vincent’s Medical Center, Bridgeport, United States of America Syed I. Alam Department of clinical imaging, Faculty of Sciences, Hamad medical corporation, Doha, Qatar Sadia Sajid Department of clinical imaging, Faculty of Sciences, Hamad medical corporation, Doha, Qatar Joshua Sapire Department of Radiology, Faculty of Sciences, St. Vincent’s Medical Center, Bridgeport, United States of America Vijayanadh Ojili Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America Citation Nepal P, Alam SI, Sajid S, Sapire J, Ojili V. Rare presentation of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis of the Iliac wing mimicking Ewing’s sarcoma.


id: sajr-1583
author: Peh, W. C.G.; Cheng, W.
title: Intermittent intestinal obstruction due to chronic colo-colic intussusception
date: 1997-06-30
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1725
sentence: 121
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-1583.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1583.txt
summary:
  Chronic intussusception may even rarely present as failure to thrive. Chronic intussusception in children.


id: sajr-1465
author: Andronikou, Savvas; Welman, Chris; Kader, Ebrahim
title: Delayed computed tomography appearances of hypoxic ischaemic injury in premature neonates
date: 2002-03-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 293
sentence: 24
flesch: 63
cache: cache/sajr-1465.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1465.txt
summary:
  Marked supratentorial white matter loss seen as cystic (low-density) areas of liquefaction abutting the ventncles. Computed tomog- raphy (CT) is indicated after fontanelle closure and when there is non-specific ventricular enlargement found at US.


id: sajr-1563
author: Corr, P.
title: Occupational infection risks in interventional radiology
date: 1998-11-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1889
sentence: 118
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-1563.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1563.txt
summary:
  Risk of HIV infection South Africa currently has an epi- demic of HIV infection from hetero- sexual spread. REVIEVV ARTICLE Occupational infection risks in interventional radiology Abstract South African radiologists performing interventional and angiographic procedures are at risk of occupational exposure to hepatitis Band C and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).


id: sajr-1447
author: van der Ness, M. N.; Stassen, L. W.
title: Dysphagia aortic: Dual aortic impressions on barium swallow
date: 2002-06-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1188
sentence: 68
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-1447.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1447.txt
summary:
  Dysphagia due to all types of thoracic aortic aneurysm is uncommon but well documented. It is important to remember that diffuse infiltrating adenocarcinomas of the gastro-oesophageal junction can mimic the radiological and manometric features of true achalasia CASE REPORT by mechanical obstruction of the dis- tal oesophagus, as weU as infiltration and destruction of the myenteric plexus by the tumour,' This condition, termed pseudoachalasia, must be excluded before making a diagnosis of either classic achalasia or dysphagia aortica.


id: sajr-1539
author: Solwa, Y.; Bereczky, Z. B.; Corr, P.; Maharajh, J.; Sanyika, C.
title: Rupture of renal artery aneurysms in pregnancy
date: 1998-05-31
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2851
sentence: 200
flesch: 64
cache: cache/sajr-1539.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1539.txt
summary:
  The patient was counselled and agreed to to page 11 Rupture of renal artery aneurysms In pregnancy Figure tb: Duplex Doppler and colour Doppler ultrasound demonstrating extensive blood flow within the lesion have a termination of pregnancy. May 1998 major role in the development and rupture of renal artery aneurysms in pregnancy.


id: sajr-2171
title: sajr-2171
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3022
sentence: 174
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-2171.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2171.txt
summary:
  Keywords: neurocysticercosis; racemose neurocysticercosis; grape-like clusters; hydrocephalus; intraventricular neurocysticercosis. This report describes an unusual location of racemose neurocysticercosis located anterior and inferior to the splenium of the corpus callosum and between the fornixes associated with intraventricular neurocysticercosis in the atrium of the left lateral ventricle and fourth ventricle.


id: sajr-1528
author: Solomon, D. J.
title: Spontaneous subcapsular renal haematoma
date: 2000-04-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 882
sentence: 46
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-1528.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1528.txt
summary:
  An ultrasound examination revealed alO em solid appearing left renal mass replacing almost the entire left kid- ney, with only a small rim of renal tis- sue noted anteriorly. Pollack and Popky' reported small peripheral tumours in five of nine patients with spontaneous Figure 2: Post contrast showing compression of renal parenchyma. and confirmed surgically.


id: sajr-227
title: BLEOMYCIN.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1219
sentence: 68
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-227.htm
txt: txt/sajr-227.txt
summary:
  Radiological findings following postsurgical intra tumoural bleomycin injection for cystic craniopharyngioma. Radiological findings following postsurgical intra tumoural bleomycin injection for cystic craniopharyngioma.


id: sajr-1417
author: de Villiers, Richard
title: Shoulder impingement
date: 2003-02-28
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1578
sentence: 103
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-1417.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1417.txt
summary:
  The basis for the shoulder impingement syndrome is the restricted space that exists between the coracohumeral arch above and the humeral head and tuberosities below. Shoulder impingement syndrome.


id: sajr-1491
author: Davies, J. Q.; Andronikou, S.; Lawrenson, J.
title: An unusual congenital pulmonary arterio-venous fistula
date: 2001-02-28
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1630
sentence: 106
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-1491.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1491.txt
summary:
  Although most commonly a con- genital abnormality, abnormal com- munications between blood vessels of the lung may also be found in a vari- ety of acquired conditions, such as he- an inherited disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance, characterised by arteriovenous malformations of the skin, mucous membranes and visceral organs.' Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas, Mayo Clin Proc 1974; 49: 460-465. Il.


id: sajr-197
author: Rozendaal, G
title: Imaging of HIV-associated parotid gland enlargement
date: 2006-02-14
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 856
sentence: 58
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-197.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-197.txt
summary:
  Concurrent hyperplastic cervical and intraparotid lymphadenopathy may also be seen.2,3 The aetiology of parotid gland enlargement is extensive and it may be the presenting clinical manifestation of systemic HIV infection in children as well as adults. The specific radiological signs of parotid gland enlargement in HIV infection are discussed here.


id: sajr-234
title: RADIOACTIVE NEWS2.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 670
sentence: 26
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-234.htm
txt: txt/sajr-234.txt
summary:
  RADIOACTIVE NEWS2.html Report on the Introduction to Research for International Young Academics (IRIYA) Seminar, 27 Nov. - 1 Dec. 2011, RSNA Scientific Assembly & Annual Meeting, McCormick Place, Chicago Vicci du Plessis (Grey’s Hospital, Pietermaritzburg) Chicago! My Chicago experience started off with an order of ‘deep-dish pizza’ from Pizzeria Due (the spillover restaurant of the original Pizzeria Uno where this authentic Chicago-style pizza has been served since 1943).


id: sajr-1499
author: Sanyika, C.; Marishane, L.
title: A truly duplex renal system
date: 2001-02-28
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 61
sentence: 4
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-1499.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1499.txt
summary:
  S9 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY- February 2001 T A delayed digital abdominal radiograph (Figure 2) demonstrated a complete right duplex re- nal collecting system.


id: sajr-1456
author: Godinho, Sheldon
title: Boerhaave's syndrome
date: 2002-03-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1166
sentence: 94
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-1456.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1456.txt
summary:
  Aspiration would probably be the first logical diagnostic considera- tion but oesophageal rupture must be borne in mind. Sabanathan S. Surgical management of intrathoracic oesophageal rupture.


id: sajr-22
author: Naidoo, L
title: Lipofibromatosis - a case report
date: 2007-01-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1228
sentence: 64
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-22.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-22.txt
summary:
  A clinicopathologic study of 45 pediatric soft tissue tumours with an admixture of adipose tissue and fibroblastic elements, and a proposal for classifica- tion as lipofibromatosis. The findings were those of a tumour composed of alternating streaks of mature adipose tissue as well as a fibrous spindle-cell compo- nent consistent with lipofibromatosis.


id: sajr-2010
title: sajr-2010
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3947
sentence: 202
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-2010.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2010.txt
summary:
  Keywords: foetal MRI; ultrafast foetal MRI; in-utero ultrasound; antenatal sonar; comparison; congenital anomalies. Methods: Eighty-eight pregnant women in their late second/third trimester who underwent both an ultrasound (US) at the foetomaternal unit and foetal MRI at the Radiology Department from 01 July 2013 to 30 September 2019 were included in this clinical study conducted at Steve Biko Academic Hospital.


id: sajr-195
author: van de Werke, I; du Plessis, A T; Lockhat, Z
title: Potential pitfalls - pips or polyps?
date: 2006-02-14
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 538
sentence: 41
flesch: 61
cache: cache/sajr-195.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-195.txt
summary:
  To simulate the picture of linseed and grape pip filling defects, linseeds (Figs 1b and c), grape pips (Fig. 1d) and liquid barium were placed in latex surgical gloves and X- rayed to simulate double-contrast barium study. A variety of pips and chewed nuts can simulate disease by appearing as multiple filling defects on the double-contrast barium enema.


id: sajr-2061
title: sajr-2061
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3396
sentence: 196
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-2061.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2061.txt
summary:
  Keywords: MRI; chemical shift imaging; musculoskeletal; in-phase imaging; opposed-phase imaging; bone marrow. These sequences include frequency-selective fat saturation techniques, inversion recovery, hybrid technique, chemical shift imaging (CSI) and the related Dixon-based approach.1 Different techniques have their advantages and disadvantages, which make them suitable in various settings for different protocols and varying magnet strengths.


id: sajr-1519
author: Burger, W. J.
title: Metastatic osteosarcoma in the inferior vena cava and the right atrium
date: 2000-08-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1676
sentence: 100
flesch: 60
cache: cache/sajr-1519.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1519.txt
summary:
  There was clear (B) Six months later the CT was repeated and extensive infiltration into the soft tissue, right femoral vein and collateral veins are seen. The following points should be clari- fied before surgery: • whether the NC is involved by tumour thrombus and, if so, the na- ture of the primary tumour; • the cranial limit of the tumour thrombus extension, whether it in- volves the intra-hepatic IVe, the hepatic veins, or the right atrium; and • the presence or absence of tu- mour invasion of the wall of the NC 6


id: sajr-2257
title: sajr-2257
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5906
sentence: 293
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-2257.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2257.txt
summary:
  building.16 Certainly, radiology training varies significantly between countries in Africa,32 and teleradiology training and skill building could, with some provisos, be mediated through technology.33,34 Available literature from outside SSA indicates diagnostic imaging reduces mortality and improves the quality of life, is necessary for global health and teleradiology improves specialist access and reduces travel time and cost for patients.35,36,37,38 Given that decision- and policy-makers need local evidence to inform their decisions, and based on the findings of this review, it is recommended that: A small number of well-designed and comprehensive studies be performed in SSA to confirm the utility and cost of mobile teleradiology versus conventional radiology and provide clear evidence-based guidelines for implementing mobile teleradiology programmes. A review of teleradiology in Africa – Towards mobile teleradiology in Nigeria.


id: sajr-1549
author: Royston, D. D.
title: How to perform a temporary balloon test occlusion
date: 2000-01-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1976
sentence: 116
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-1549.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1549.txt
summary:
  (150]H,O positron emission tomography determination of cerebral blood flow during balloon test occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Stroke risk after abrupt internal carotid artery sacrifice: accuracy of preoperative assessment with balloon test occlusion and stable xenon-enhanced CT.


id: sajr-187
author: Naude, F; van Vuuren, W; Venter, K; Meyer, B J; Sathekge, M M; Pellegrin, V; Holl, J L
title: Impact of scintimammography in management of breast cancer
date: 2006-02-14
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2528
sentence: 138
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-187.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-187.txt
summary:
  REPORT Abstract Mammography is the most widely used diagnostic imaging method for screening and diagnosing breast cancer. We performed a prospective study of 53 patients with a suggestion of breast cancer, either on palpation or mammography.


id: sajr-2382
author: Office, Editorial
title: Table of Contents Vol 25, No 1 (2021)
date: 2021-12-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1839
sentence: 19
flesch: -24
cache: cache/sajr-2382.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-2382.txt
summary:
  March 2021 Case Report Prostate abscess in a paediatric patient: A rare diagnosis Atish Vanmali, Mario Haines South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 25, No 1 | a2053 | 25 A modality comparison of in-utero ultrasound and ultrafast foetal magnetic resonance imaging Sunaina Ramdass, Sumaiya Adam, Zarina Lockhat, Andries Masenge, Farhana E. Suleman South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 25, No 1 | a2010 | 19 March 2021 Original Research Correlation of blunt cervical spinal cord injury magnetic resonance imaging tractography with the American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale motor scores Orapeleng Seboco, Fekade Gebremariam, Gina Joubert South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 25, No 1 | a2038 | 01 April 2021 Original Research Preliminary experience with 3T magnetic resonance elastography imaging of the liver Anagha Joshi, Mridula M. Muthe, Vikrant Firke, Harshal Badgujar South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 25, No 1 | a2072 | 12 May 2021 Original Research MRI characteristics of intracranial masses in the paediatric population of KwaZulu-Natal: A neuroimaging-based study Nompumelelo P. Gumede, Sithembiso M. Langa, Basil Enicker South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 25, No 1 | a2042 | 28 May 2021 Original Research Cost awareness of radiological studies among doctors at Universitas Academic Hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa Khanyisa N. Mrwetyana, Jacques Janse van Rensburg, Gina Joubert South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 25, No 1 | a2188 | 20 September 2021 Original Research MRI findings in chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm: Using signal intensity ratio as a diagnostic tool Jacques Badenhorst, Mark Velleman, Audrey Jansen van Rensburg, Tanita Botha, Nikki van der Walt, Christa Janse van Rensburg South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 25, No 1 | a2219 | 06 October 2021 Original Research Trends in public sector radiological usage in the Western Cape Province, South Africa: 2009–2019 Monica van Wijk, Michelle M. Barnard, Amanda Fernandez, Keith Cloete, Matodzi Mukosi, Richard D. Pitcher South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 25, No 1 | a2251 | 30 November 2021 Case Series Imaging of retroperitoneal haemorrhage revealing median arcuate ligament syndrome Younes El Hassani, Meriem Haloua, Badreeddine Alami, Meryem Boubbou, Mustapha Maaroufi, Moulay Youssef Alaoui Lamrani South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 25, No 1 | a1993 | 15 January 2021 59 65 70 78 88 94 101 108 Page i of iii Table of Contents Editorial Journalism –


id: sajr-1572
author: Sathekge, M. M.; Muthuphei, M. N.; Mandiwana, I.
title: Primary hydatidosis of the thyroid gland: A case report
date: 1998-08-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 759
sentence: 50
flesch: 60
cache: cache/sajr-1572.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1572.txt
summary:
  Ultrasonography and CT usually eas- ily detect hydatid disease, with the exception of hydatid cysts in uncom- mon sites of the body.' The quoted incidence of thyroid malignancy varies considerably in the literature, but is such that it should be excluded in every nodule shown to be nonfunctioning.


id: sajr-1847
author: Office, Editorial
title: Table of Contents Vol 23, No 1 (2019)
date: 2019-12-19
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1268
sentence: 3
flesch: -355
cache: cache/sajr-1847.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1847.txt
summary:
  SAJR 23-1_2019_Contents.indd http://www.sajr.org.za Open Access Table of Contents i Original Research Imaging findings of penetrating spinal cord injuries secondary to stab wounds on magnetic resonance imaging in a tertiary trauma unit, South Africa Jacolien M. Rall, Fekade A. Gebremariam, Gina Joubert South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1761 | 19 September 2019 Original Research The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of non-osseous knee injury at Steve Biko Academic Hospital Nashil Singh, Heleen Hanekom, Farhana E. Suleman South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1754 | 25 September 2019 Original Research Normal measurements of the optic nerve, optic nerve sheath and optic chiasm in the adult population Sanele S. Mncube, Matthew D. Goodier South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1772 | 05 November 2019 Original Research Evaluation of self-reported confidence amongst radiology staff in initiating basic life support across hospitals in the Cape Town Metropole West region Isak D. Vorster, Steve Beningfield South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1720 | 20 November 2019 Original Research Tunnelled haemodialysis catheters in central Free State: Epidemiology and complications John Fox, Gina Joubert, Eugene Loggenberg South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1791 | 27 November 2019 Original Research Accuracy of plain radiographs in diagnosing biopsy-proven malignant bone lesions Erhardt Gerber, Qonita Said-Hartley, Rufkah Gamieldien, Tharbit Hartley, Sally Candy South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1768 | 06 December 2019 Case Report Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary tree in a paediatric patient – A rare cause of obstructive jaundice Denny Mathew, Heliodora de Lima, Nasreen Mahomed South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1662 | 10 January 2019 Case Report Solid to cystic: A case report of imaging findings of atypical lung metastases Tanusha Sewchuran South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1663 | 28 January 2019 Case Report Vanishing white matter disease imaged over 3 years Denny Mathew, Nasreen Mahomed South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1661 | 27 February 2019 60 68 74 81 86 92 99 103 106 Page i of ii Table of Contents i Editorial The power of indexers Maya Patel South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1827 | 10 December 2019 Original Research Cost analysis of violence-related medical imaging in a Free State tertiary trauma unit Tiaan P. Steyn, Fekade A. Gebremariam South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1664 | 08 January 2019 Original Research Outcomes of prostate artery embolisation for benign prostatic hyperplasia in 10 cases at Steve Biko Academic Hospital Hatty G. Fischer, Farhana E. Suleman, Samia Ahmad South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1349 | 11 February 2019 Original Research Prevalence and pattern of basal skull fracture in head injury patients in an academic hospital Ntjeke S. Mokolane, Cornelia Minne, Alireza Dehnavi South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1677 | 13 March 2019 Original Research Medical doctors’ awareness of radiation exposure in diagnostic radiology investigations in a South African academic institution Akingboye M. Dauda, John O. Ozoh, Olakunle A. Towobola South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1707 | 30 April 2019 Original Research Multicentre study on dynamic contrast computed tomography findings of focal liver lesions with clinical and histological correlation Sheila T. Ominde, Timothy M. Mutala South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1667 | 21 May 2019 Original Research Preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomographic characterisation of pancreatic cystic lesions: A prospective study Dar M. Saleem, Wani A. Haseeb, Arshed H. Parry, Robbani Irfan, Najar M. Muzaffar, Gojwari Tariq, Shah O. Javed, Imza Feroz South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1727 | 10 June 2019 Original Research A retrospective study correlating sonographic features of thyroid nodules with fine-needle aspiration cytology in a South African setting Mark A. Nicolaou, Kathleen Jacobs, Sindeep Bhana, Kershlin Naidu, Veronique Nicolaou South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1749 | 26 June 2019 Original Research Spectrum of multi-detector computed tomography imaging findings of thoracic vascular injuries secondary to blunt chest trauma: Correlation with vascular intervention and patient outcomes Sithembiso M. Langa, Nondumiso N.M. ISSN: 1027-202X (print) | ISSN: 2078-6778 (online)South African Journal of Radiology http://www.sajr.org.za Open Access Table of Contents ii Case Report Atypical exophytic liver mass: Giant pedunculated hepatic haemangioma masquerading as a gastrointestinal stromal tumour of the gastric wall Venkatram Krishnan, Sunil K. Bajaj, Abhilash Sethy, Neetika Gupta South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1697 | 18 March 2019 Case Report Cystic pelvi-abdominal mass in pregnancy: An uncommon presentation of a subserosal leiomyoma Natasha Sobey, Lauren Raubenheimer South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1683 | 18 April 2019 Case Report Renal arteriovenous malformation: An unusual pathology Alain M. Mukendi, Amer Rauf, Sean Doherty, Florence Mahlobo, Peter Afolayan, Shabina Dawadi South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1704 | 30 May 2019 Case Report Extra-skeletal Ewing Sarcoma of the chest wall in a child Denny Mathew, Daniel N. Prince, Nasreen Mahomed South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1733 | 27 June 2019 110 117 122 127 Case Report Pancreatic kaposiform hemangioendothelioma complicated by Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon: A rare entity Denny Mathew, Nasreen Mahomed South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1760 | 19 August 2019 Case Report Page kidney: A rare cause of secondary hypertension Ilonka Warnich, Mark Nicolaou, Zelia Sofianos, Jacobus A. Pienaar, Jacob Varghese South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1762 | 23 September 2019 Clinical Perspective Meralgia paresthetica: Now showing on 3T magnetic resonance neurography Raihaan M. Ally, Mark D. Velleman, Farhana E. Suleman South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1745 | 21 August 2019 132 137 141 Page ii of ii Vol 23, No 1 (2019) Special Collection: Lines, tubes and devices Review Article Chest radiographs of cardiac devices (Part 1): Lines, tubes, non-cardiac medical devices and materials* Rishi P. Mathew, Timothy Alexander, Vimal Patel, Gavin Low *Refer to the Correction section for more information regarding this article South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1729 | 29 July 2019 Review Article Chest radiographs of cardiac devices (Part 1): Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices, cardiac valve prostheses and Amplatzer occluder devices Rishi P. Mathew, Timothy Alexander, Vimal Patel, Gavin Low South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1730 | 31 July 2019 144 153 Review Article Chest radiographs of cardiac devices (Part 2): Ventricular assist devices Rishi P. Mathew, Timothy Alexander, Vimal Patel, Gavin Low South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1732 | 31 July 2019 Correction Erratum: Chest radiographs – Lines, tubes, non-cardiac medical devices and materials Rishi P. Mathew, Timothy Alexander, Vimal Patel, Gavin Low South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1808 | 05 December 2019 Reviewer Acknowledgement South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1830 | 11 December 2019 166 174 175


id: sajr-18
author: George, R; Andronikou, S; Lameen, H; Mapukata, A; Theron, S; du Plessis, J
date: 2007-01-30
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2261
sentence: 90
flesch: 39
cache: cache/sajr-18.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-18.txt
title:
  Is anatomical distribution helpful for differentiating TB spondylitis from neoplastic causes of extradural spinal cord compression in children? A pilot study

summary:
  There were 9 males and 7 females and ages ranged from Is anatomical distribution helpful for differentiating TB spondylitis from neoplastic causes of extradural spinal cord compression in children? The aim of this paper is to determine whether there are sig- nificant differences between TB spondylitis and neoplasia causing extra- dural compression of the cord with regard to the anatomical distribution and compartmentalisation.


id: sajr-147
author: van de Werke, Irma; Lockhat, Zarina; van der Walt, Betsie; Abdullah, Rowaida
title: The big-hearted man now in trouble
date: 2004-06-05
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 684
sentence: 43
flesch: 62
cache: cache/sajr-147.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-147.txt
summary:
  4. Taneja K, Mathur A, Sharma S, Rajani M, Das B, Venugopal P. Magnetic resonance imaging fea- tures of submitral left ventricular aneurysm. Submitral aneurysms occur in the epicardium, related to the base of the left ventricle.5 These aneurysms have ovoid ostia which are frequently multiple and located under the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve.


id: sajr-249
title: SAJR 836
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 963
sentence: 61
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-249.htm
txt: txt/sajr-249.txt
summary:
  Discussion Primary extradural meningiomas (EDMs) can arise in any tissue without direct extension from an intracranial tumour. Primary intraosseous meningioma of the calvaria:


id: sajr-2150
title: sajr-2150
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1756
sentence: 97
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-2150.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2150.txt
summary:
  Stable or progressive filling defects seen at follow-up CTPA after adequate anticoagulant therapy for PE may favour alternative diagnoses such as PPA.2,5 In the case presented, progressive enlargement of the previous filling defect was observed, with involvement of the dilated right and left pulmonary arteries and main pulmonary trunk and extraluminal extension into the mediastinum, all findings suggestive of pulmonary artery sarcoma. Computed tomography PA revealed progressive enlargement of the previous poorly enhancing lesion, now involving the right and left pulmonary arteries and main pulmonary trunk with extraluminal extension into the mediastinum (Figure 2b).


id: sajr-2410
title: sajr-2410
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2685
sentence: 152
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-2410.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2410.txt
summary:
  Subsequent histology confirmed the presence of liver steatosis. A quantitative assessment of the fat in the liver was carried out on the basis of the two-point Dixon method with flexible echo times, followed by a grading of liver steatosis depending on the percentage of fat according to the schema outlined by Kleiner et al.6


id: sajr-230
title: MANDIBULOFACIAL.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 453
sentence: 36
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-230.htm
txt: txt/sajr-230.txt
summary:
  Two cases of children with Treacher Collins syndrome (mandibulofacial dysostosis) are presented, to illustrate the features of the syndrome. It is named after the British ophthalmologist Edward Treacher Collins (1862 - 1932) who described the essential traits in 1900.1


id: sajr-2219
title: sajr-2219
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4437
sentence: 237
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-2219.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2219.txt
summary:
  Abstract Introduction Methods Data capturing Results Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Jacques Badenhorst Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Mark Velleman Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Radiologist, Private Practice, Capital Radiology, Pretoria, South Africa Audrey Jansen van Rensburg Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Tanita Botha Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Nikki van der Walt Orthopaedic Specialist, Private Practice, Unitas Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa Christa Janse van Rensburg Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Citation Badenhorst J, Velleman M, Jansen van Rensburg A, Botha T, Van der Walt N, Janse van Rensburg C. MRI findings in chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm: Using signal intensity ratio as a diagnostic tool. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v25i1.2219 Original Research MRI findings in chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm: Using signal intensity ratio as a diagnostic tool Jacques Badenhorst, Mark Velleman, Audrey Jansen van Rensburg, Tanita Botha, Nikki van der Walt, Christa Janse van Rensburg Received: 21 June 2021; Accepted: 27 July 2021; Published: 06 Oct. 2021 Copyright: © 2021.


id: sajr-20
author: Naidoo, J; Henderson, W
title: Severe aortic obstruction in Williams-Beuren syndrome
date: 2007-01-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1704
sentence: 78
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-20.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-20.txt
summary:
  Williams Beuren syndrome. 5. Sylos C, Pereira AC, Azeka E, Miara N, Mesquita SMF, Ebard M. Arterial hypertension in a child with Williams Beuren syndrome.


id: sajr-153
title: Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous versus retinal detachment
date: 2006-02-25
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1934
sentence: 97
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-153.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-153.txt
author:
  Lameen, H; Andronikou, S; Ackermann, C; Cilliers, G; Schulze, O C; Erlank, E; Parsens, J J; Greyling, P J

summary:
  SHORT REPORT SHORT REPORT 24 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • December 2006 SHORT REPORT 24 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • December 2006 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbits occasionally demon- strates retinal detachment (RD); this may be as an incidental finding, as a separate entity related to orbital pathology with differing local causes, or as a part of other congenital systemic or metabolic diseases. MRI scanning features of retinal detachment and associated causes can assist in differentiating both entities effectively, allowing the radiologist to reach the proper conclusions with resultant benefits in subsequent management.


id: sajr-1584
author: van Gelderen, W. F.C.
date: 1997-06-30
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1435
sentence: 66
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-1584.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1584.txt
title:
  Differentiation between sigmoid volvulus and free air on supine abdominal radiographs: The 'liver overlap sign' versus the 'football sign'

summary:
  Radiological signs of free air in the abdomen on supine radiographs have been well documented in the litera- ture, but it is of interest that the 'foot- ball sign' (a large loculus of air in the shape of a rugby or soccer ball, situ- ated anteriorly in the abdomen with Figure 2: Part of 'football sign'seen overlying liver (arrows) on supine abdominal radiograph, due to intraperitoneal free air which was shown to be subdiaphragmatic in position on chest x-rays. Supine abdominal radiograph with 'liver overlap sign' (arrows) of sigmoid volvulus masquer- ading as 'football sign' of intraperitoneal free air.


id: sajr-1564
author: Clauss, R. P.; Pilloy, W.
title: Regional lung spirometry
date: 1998-11-30
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2693
sentence: 185
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-1564.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1564.txt
summary:
  A change in volume was hence matched to a change in radioactivity, and a specific radioactivity per millilitre of lung volume was calculated. Spirometric parameters such as lobar vital capacity, tidal volume, residual volume and forced expiratory volume after 1 second were derived by using the previously calculated radioactivity per millilitre of lung volume.


id: sajr-1986
title: sajr-1986
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2441
sentence: 125
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-1986.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1986.txt
summary:
  https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.07.2035 Shojaei E, Yassin Z, Rezahosseini O. Case report cardiac hydatid cyst: A case report. Urgent surgery for cardiac hydatid cyst located in interventricular septum.


id: sajr-263
title: SAJR 675
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1401
sentence: 81
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-263.htm
txt: txt/sajr-263.txt
summary:
  As infants are unable to communicate their symptoms, which may result in delayed detection, they commonly present with the football sign, as opposed to adults, with a 2% incidence of the football sign.6 Other signs of pneumoperitoneum on supine abdominal film include the doge’s cap sign (triangular collection of gas in Morrison’s pouch), large area of hyperlucency over the liver shadow, parahepatic air (gas bubble lateral to the right edge of the liver), air outlining the fissure of ligamentum teres and the cupola sign (gas trapped below central tendon of diaphragm).4 Causes of pneumoperitoneum in neonates and infants While there are numerous causes of pneumoperitoneum, gastric perforation is more likely to result in the football sign than small bowel perforation, because gastric perforations are usually associated with release of a larger amount of free air.6 However, small bowel perforation owing to necrotising enterocolitis is a far more common cause of perforation in South African clinical practice. Signs of pneumoperitoneum Rigler’s sign was first described in 1941 by L G Rigler as a new radiological sign for recognising free air in the peritoneal cavity on supine radiograph.1 Normally, the mucosal surface of the bowel wall is seen as it is lined by intraluminal gas.


id: sajr-1551
author: Kruger, Garth
title: Report on the Breast Ultrasound and Mammography Workshop held in Pretoria, 23-26 September 1999
date: 2000-01-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 553
sentence: 25
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-1551.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1551.txt
summary:
  We cannot continue breast imaging in South Africa without some form of accreditation of the people doing the imaging and some sort of control over whether there is any quality assurance in institutions do- ing breast imaging. The importance of fine needle as- piration versus core biopsies and minimally invasive breast biopsy (MIBB) was again discussed at the Congress.


id: sajr-2280
title: sajr-2280
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3345
sentence: 175
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-2280.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2280.txt
summary:
  A retrospective review of CT pulmonary angiogram confirmed pulmonary emboli in COVID-19 patients admitted to Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. 2022;26(1), a2280. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2280 Original Research A retrospective review of CT pulmonary angiogram confirmed pulmonary emboli in COVID-19 patients admitted to Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town Petri Ahlers, Mariam Q. Said-Hartley Received: 26 Aug. 2021; Accepted: 13 Oct. 2021; Published: 28 Feb. 2022 Copyright:


id: sajr-2179
title: sajr-2179
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2552
sentence: 147
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-2179.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2179.txt
summary:
  Childhood undifferentiated embryonal liver sarcoma: Clinical features and immunohistochemistry analysis. Multimodal therapy including liver transplantation for hepatic undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma.


id: sajr-1963
title: sajr-1963
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2332
sentence: 139
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-1963.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1963.txt
summary:
  Their incidence is reported to be 1.7%3 and peaks in children below 10 years of age.4 Ninety percent of congenital bladder diverticula are located superolateral to the ureteral orifice, in proximity to the uretero-vesical junction.5 Unlike the acquired adult form, in which outlet obstruction or neurogenic dysfunction is almost always present, congenital bladder diverticula result from hypoplasia of the muscular layer of the bladder wall.1 This rare case highlights an unusual incidental presentation and opportunity to learn how to differentiate it from acquired bladder diverticula.


id: sajr-225
title: Tolosa.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1319
sentence: 81
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-225.htm
txt: txt/sajr-225.txt
summary:
  The patient was imaged using carotid angiography, and segmental narrowing of the carotid siphon was seen.1 Hunt et al. described 6 patients with similar clinical findings in 1961, and proposed a low-grade non-specific inflammation of the cavernous sinus and its walls as the cause of the syndrome. There was no luminal narrowing of the intracavernous segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA), and no evidence of cavernous sinus or SOV thrombosis.


id: sajr-26
author: Bajwa, A K
title: Small bowel faeces sign
date: 2007-01-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 653
sentence: 41
flesch: 64
cache: cache/sajr-26.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-26.txt
summary:
  Small bowel faeces sign may also indicate severe metabolic or infectious pathology of the small bowel. Small bowel faeces sign Amarjit Kaur Bajwa, MB BS, FCRad (Diag) SA Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Fig.


id: sajr-2034
title: sajr-2034
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3598
sentence: 176
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-2034.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2034.txt
summary:
  Management and outcome In view of persistent haematuria, the patient was transferred to the Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) suite for emergency endovascular embolisation of the ruptured left renal AML, after obtaining informed consent. Renal AML is the most common benign renal tumour with a prevalence rate of about 0.3% – 3% worldwide.5 Approximately 20% of patients with renal AML are diagnosed with TSC, and conversely, 55% – 75% of patients with TSC have renal AMLs.2 As the nomenclature suggests, AML is composed of dysmorphic, tortuous vascular tissue with smooth muscle and fat components.


id: sajr-2014
title: sajr-2014
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3218
sentence: 167
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-2014.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2014.txt
summary:
  The success, effectiveness and safety of percutaneous pelvic needle aspiration or biopsy are dependent on a thorough understanding of the cross-sectional anatomy of the pelvis.4,5,6,7,8,9,10 Both sonography and computed tomographic (CT) allow direct simultaneous visualisation of the pelvic structures and pathology. However, deep pelvic lesions pose a challenge for interventional radiologists as the overlying bowel, bladder, vessels, bones and uterus, and adnexa in female patients often preclude safe access.1 Organ displacement techniques, such as hydro-dissection, may provide ‘windows’ to safely access lesions that are blocked by overlying structures.2,3 Fine needle aspiration is sufficient for evaluating infected collections and usually requires a small calibre needle.


id: sajr-1573
author: Corr, P.; Sanyika, C.; Royston, D.
title: Vein of Galen aneurysmal formation
date: 1998-08-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 877
sentence: 54
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-1573.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1573.txt
summary:
  In conclusion although our results were satisfactory,we hope that this rare case of primary hydatidosis of the thy- roid will prove useful to justify routine use of ultrasound in the evaluation of thyroid nodules, especially where a cystic lesion is suspected. Rojeski MT, Gharib H. Nodular thyroid disease: evaluation and management.


id: sajr-2351
title: sajr-2351
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2579
sentence: 145
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-2351.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2351.txt
summary:
  We present a case of a 23-year-old woman who developed acute bilateral hearing loss due to otosyphilis, confirmed on audiometry and laboratory tests. The rising incidence of syphilis in the past two decades1,9 underscores the importance of including otosyphilis as part of the differential diagnosis for acute bilateral hearing loss, regardless of the HIV status.


id: sajr-276
title: SAJR 855
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 881
sentence: 66
flesch: 61
cache: cache/sajr-276.htm
txt: txt/sajr-276.txt
summary:
  Though uncommon, the sign is regarded as the pathognomonic MRI sign of Wilson disease. MR imaging of the brain in Wilson disease of childhood: Findings before and after treatment with clinical correlation.


id: sajr-242
title: SAJR 884
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 427
sentence: 32
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-242.htm
txt: txt/sajr-242.txt
summary:
  Twenty Years On: Ernest Boyer, Scholarship and the Scholarship of Teaching. Twenty Years On: Ernest Boyer, Scholarship and the Scholarship of Teaching.


id: sajr-256
title: SAJR 794
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 3824
sentence: 166
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-256.htm
txt: txt/sajr-256.txt
summary:
  Against this background, I report on the activities of the RSSA over the last 12 months. We have received a request from The Association of Radiologists and Radiotherapists of Zimbabwe for member status of the RSSA for their diagnostic radiologists.


id: sajr-1480
author: Grove, H.
title: Tips for the Radiologist: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis - An overview
date: 2001-10-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1062
sentence: 86
flesch: 64
cache: cache/sajr-1480.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1480.txt
summary:
  Don S. de Baun M. Sensitivity and cost minimization analysis of radiology versus olive palpation for the diagno- sis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Pyloric index The pyloric index may be calcula- ted as follows: pyloric index = wall thickness x 2 x 100 maximum diameter Values greater than 50% and wall thickness 4 mm or more indicate HPS. Values less than 35% and wall thickness 1 - 3 mm indicate the absence of HPS.


id: sajr-1883
title: sajr-1883
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2314
sentence: 105
flesch: 31
cache: cache/sajr-1883.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1883.txt
summary:
  Identification of true cases of spontaneous pneumoparotid is crucial, as these require a holistic management approach to prevent recurrence and complications. Pneumoparotid as a consequence of facial trauma is commonly encountered.3,4 A phenomenon which is much less commonly documented is spontaneous pneumoparotid or self-induced pneumoparotid.


id: sajr-221
title: BOARD EXAMS.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1008
sentence: 36
flesch: 30
cache: cache/sajr-221.htm
txt: txt/sajr-221.txt
summary:
  Till now, the dual system in place has caused significant debate and offered examination candidates an alternative route for obtaining a degree acceptable to the Health Professionals Council of South Africa (HPCSA) allowing independent specialist practise. Supporters of the university-based Master of Medicine (MMed) examinations have in the past consistently maintained that the standards of their examinations have been high, and possibly even of a higher standard than the College examinations.


id: sajr-24
author: Al-Makhzomi, M; Sathekge, M; Seynaeve, P; Nicolaij, D; Maes, A
date: 2007-01-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1333
sentence: 83
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-24.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-24.txt
title:
  PET/CT-positive brown tumour - a potentially misleading finding in the evaluation of a patient for malignant primary tumour or metastases

summary:
  The presence of giant cells has been suggested as partially contrib- uting to the high uptake of FDG in benign bone lesions such as brown tumours.7-9 Another supporting mechanism for the elevated FDG uptake is that macrophages play a central role in the host response to injury, and their energy is predominantly supplied by means of intracellular glucose metabolism.10,11 The PET-CT results were in concordance with the pre-assumption of metastatic bone lesions.


id: sajr-231
title: FETAL MRI.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1542
sentence: 88
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-231.htm
txt: txt/sajr-231.txt
summary:
  At this late stage of pregnancy, the sensitivity of US decreases owing to ossification of the cranium and the relative size of the fetus compared with the volume of liquor, making fetal MRI more valuable. Fetal MRI (Fig. 1) confirmed the Dandy-Walker malformation on the basis of an absent vermis, cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle, an enlarged posterior fossa, upward displacement of the torcula and splayed hypoplastic cerebellar hemispheres.1 There was no hydrocephalus, corpus callosum agenesis, a normal pontine bulge, no intracranial cysts or spinal abnormalities.


id: sajr-2062
title: sajr-2062
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4777
sentence: 247
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-2062.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2062.txt
summary:
  The intention of this article is to address challenges of interpretation and reporting of prostate lesions in daily practice. Background Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate has an important role in the diagnostic work-up and staging of patients with suspected prostate cancer.1 Prostate imaging and interpretation up until 2019 was based on Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADS v2) which provided clinical guidelines for mpMRI of the prostate.


id: sajr-2463
title: sajr-2463
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5635
sentence: 348
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-2463.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2463.txt
summary:
  Abstract Background: Stereotactic breast biopsies have become the gold standard for tissue diagnosis in non-palpable, sonographically occult breast abnormalities seen on mammogram. Method: A retrospective review of stereotactic breast biopsies was performed.


id: sajr-1585
author: van Gelderen, W. F.C.; Cheng, K. S.
title: Unusual foreign bodies in the oesophagus
date: 1997-06-30
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 559
sentence: 30
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-1585.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1585.txt
summary:
  In conclusion it must be stated that having seen many cases of free air with a 'football sign' and a few cases of sig- moid volvulus with a 'liver overlap sign', the former diagnosis was fa- voured. Subsequent chest radiographs demonstrated signs of a pneumome- diastinum.


id: sajr-2385
title: sajr-2385
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2355
sentence: 152
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-2385.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2385.txt
summary:
  Abstract Introduction Case report Discussion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Sneha Harish C Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India Rashmi Dixit Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India Sapna Singh Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India Anjali Prakash Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India Citation Harish C S, Dixit R, Singh S, Prakash A. Cervical extension of pancreatic pseudocyst: An unusual cause of neck stiffness and dysphagia. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2385 Case Report Cervical extension of pancreatic pseudocyst: An unusual cause of neck stiffness and dysphagia Sneha Harish C, Rashmi Dixit, Sapna Singh, Anjali Prakash Received: 25 Dec. 2021; Accepted: 01 Mar. 2022; Published: 09 May 2022 Copyright:


id: sajr-2153
title: sajr-2153
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2389
sentence: 154
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-2153.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2153.txt
summary:
  Maximum intensity projection aids in diagnosing acute appendicitis and mobile caecum: A case report and literature review. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v25i1.2153 Case Report Maximum intensity projection aids in diagnosing acute appendicitis and mobile caecum: A case report and literature review Kakia A.F. Namugenyi, Ferdinand M. Oompie, Kasandji F. Kabambi Received: 18 Mar. 2021; Accepted: 11 May 2021; Published: 28 July 2021 Copyright: © 2021.


id: sajr-283
author: Matzdorff, Robert
title: Cone beam CT workshop; SASPI report
date: 2013-08-01
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 911
sentence: 33
flesch: 36
cache: cache/sajr-283.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-283.txt
summary:
  He also put forward the justifications and strategy for the establishment of an international TB network, an upcoming and exciting new venture in paediatric imaging outreach. Paediatric radiology roadshow As a SASPI initiative, paediatric radiologists Savvas Andronikou, Jaishree Naidoo and Tanyia Pillay will visit 2 centres in KwaZulu-Natal, and present series of lectures at the Inkosi Albert Luthuli Community Hospital in Durban and at Grey’s Hospital in Pietermaritzburg on 26th and 27th August 2013, and will also spend ‘hands-on’ time in the radiology departments, assisting with paediatric ultrasound and fluoroscopy procedures, and interpreting radiographs and MRI cases.


id: sajr-2595
title: sajr-2595
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5310
sentence: 285
flesch: 34
cache: cache/sajr-2595.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2595.txt
summary:
  Abstract Introduction Primary solid mesenteric lesions Primary cystic mesenteric lesions Secondary mesenteric lesions Infections Inflammatory bowel disease Role of imaging Management of mesenteric lesions Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Snehal I. Kose Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India Sapna Singh Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India Anju Garg Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India Alpana Manchanda Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India Rajdeep Singh Department of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India Citation Kose SI, Singh S, Garg A, Manchanda A, Singh R. Ultrasound and computed tomography in the evaluation of mesenteric lesions: A pictorial review. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v27i1.2595 Pictorial Review Ultrasound and computed tomography in the evaluation of mesenteric lesions: A pictorial review Snehal I. Kose, Sapna Singh, Anju Garg, Alpana Manchanda, Rajdeep Singh Received: 22 Nov. 2022; Accepted: 22 Mar. 2023; Published: 24 May 2023 Copyright: © 2023.


id: sajr-210
title: SAJR 791
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 2478
sentence: 160
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-210.htm
txt: txt/sajr-210.txt
summary:
  SAJR 791 Substantive incidental cardiac findings revealed by non-cardiac CT examination of the thorax M Durand, N Paul, A Crean Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada M Durand, MB ChB, FCRad (Diag) N Paul, MD, MRCP, FRCR, FRCRC Joint Division of Medical Imaging and Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada A Crean, MD, MRCP, FRCR Corresponding author: M Durand (mirandadurand@gmail.com) Limitations inherent in CT imaging of the thorax left the heart as an ill-defined and largely ignored area. However, significant information can often be gleaned from careful scrutiny of ungated chest CT images, which may then direct further imaging or investigation.


id: sajr-29
author: Andronikou, S
title: Editorial
date: 2007-11-27
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 379
sentence: 20
flesch: 66
cache: cache/sajr-29.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-29.txt
summary:
  I hope that after completion of his thesis, also on radiology system and information that Otto will lead the way for a new area of radiology specialisation in South Africa (IT in radiology is an existing following option in the USA). These are simple, beginners’ guides to PACS written by Otto Schulze, who while still a registrar in radiology, leads the whole Western Cape PACS vision.


id: sajr-2522
title: sajr-2522
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6427
sentence: 342
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-2522.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2522.txt
summary:
  Radiologists spend long hours in front of multiple light-emitting diode (LED)–based diagnostic monitors emitting blue light, predisposing them to potentially higher blue-light dosages than other health professionals. Objectives: The authors aimed to quantify the blue light that radiology registrars are exposed to in daily viewing of diagnostic monitors and compared this with international occupational safety standards. In addition to this, smartphones, tablets, personal computers and televisions for purposes of communication, referencing, administrative tasks at work, studying and leisure also add a significant component to the total daily screen time.6 An important contributing factor to the unfavourable effect of prolonged screen time is greater exposure to the short wavelength photons at the ultraviolet end of the visible light spectrum or blue light.6 Increased exposure to VDUs and other electronic devices potentially places the radiologist in a higher-risk group to experience negative outcomes related to blue light.


id: sajr-292
title: SAJR 702
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1130
sentence: 84
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-292.htm
txt: txt/sajr-292.txt
summary:
  Breast imaging should also be undertaken in female patients to exclude breast malignancy. In patients who have not had recent breast imaging, this should be performed to search for occult breast malignancy, as this is present in up to 12% of cases.5


id: sajr-217
author: Davis, Razaan
title: CPD questionnaire
date: 2013-03-05
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 608
sentence: 41
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-217.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-217.txt
summary:
  The article highlights the importance of routinely reviewing the mandibular condyle on computerised tomography brain studies in a trauma setting. Indications for CSF flow studies in children include assessment and functionality of shunt treatment in patients with hydrocephalus, and hydrocephalus associated with achondroplasia. 14.


id: sajr-2356
title: sajr-2356
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 604
sentence: 35
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-2356.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2356.txt
summary:
  Similar to matching puzzle pieces, author metrics are aligned with journal metrics and databases. Where do journal metrics fit?


id: sajr-317
author: Misser, Shalendra Kumar; Abdullah, I A
title: Chest imaging by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT)
date: 2012-06-12
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 163
sentence: 25
flesch: 72
cache: cache/sajr-317.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-317.txt
summary:
  80 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2012 QUIZ CASE Chest imaging by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) S K Misser, MB ChB, FCRad (D) SA Lake Smit and Partners, Durban I A Abdullah, MB ChB, FCP (SA), FCCP St Augustine’s Hospital, Durban Corresponding author: S Misser (misser@lakesmit.co.za) Presentation Axial HRCT at aortic arch level.


id: sajr-277
title: SAJR 935
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 989
sentence: 68
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-277.htm
txt: txt/sajr-277.txt
summary:
  Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), unknown before March 1997 and first described in 2000, is a systemic disorder characterised by widespread tissue fibrosis. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), unknown before March 1997 and first described in 2000, is a systemic disorder characterised by widespread tissue fibrosis.


id: sajr-2571
title: sajr-2571
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 609
sentence: 32
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-2571.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2571.txt
summary:
  Authors are recording videos of themselves delivering their manuscript abstracts and academic journals are even being converted to audible formats. Long gone are the days of the film library and the tedious grind through packets of radiographs, heavy-weighted textbooks and stacks of printed journal articles.


id: sajr-1540
author: Shaik, A. S.; Singh, B.; Maharajh, J.; Moodley, J.
title: Gastropericardial fistula complicating an adenocarcinoma of the stomach
date: 1998-05-31
pages: 4
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2050
sentence: 106
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-1540.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-1540.txt
summary:
  Gastropericardial fistula with the re- sultant pneumopericardium is an ex- tremely rare condition with a high mor- tality.l,2,3This condition was first de- scribed by Hallin in 1891.4 To date 57 cases of gastropericardial fistula due to a disparate group of conditions have been reported in the literature. STRONG GROWTH Austin predicts strong growth for multi-vendor servicing offered by GE Macmed.


id: sajr-2641
title: sajr-2641
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2918
sentence: 143
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-2641.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2641.txt
summary:
  Keywords: subserosal; uterine leiomyoma; fibroid; pedunculated fibroid; torsion; ultrasound; magnetic resonance imaging; acute abdomen. If left untreated, haemorrhagic infarction of the torsed leiomyoma may lead to infection and peritonitis.5 Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality used to diagnose uterine leiomyomas, which appear as solid masses revealing a whorled appearance with posterior acoustic shadowing on grey-scale and a peripheral rim of vascularity on Doppler examination.6 Doppler interrogation can help identify the vascular pedicle in cases of subserosal leiomyomas (as depicted in Figure 1d in this case); however, the diagnosis of torsion still remains elusive.


id: sajr-309
title: ultrasound diagnosis.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 2295
sentence: 152
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-309.htm
txt: txt/sajr-309.txt
summary:
  The essay highlights the need for awareness of this entity when dealing with medial elbow pain and/or ulnar neuropathy. ultrasound diagnosis.html Ultrasound diagnosis of ulnar nerve dislocation and snapping triceps syndrome V B Gupta, MBBS, DNB K B Patankar, MD, DMRD F Paranjpe, MD J Patil, MD, DNB Department of Radiology, Apple Hospital, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India Corresponding author: V Gupta (vivekforever@lycos.com) Dislocation of the ulnar nerve with snapping triceps syndrome has been implicated as a cause of cubital tunnel syndrome.


id: sajr-1915
title: sajr-1915
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6571
sentence: 337
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-1915.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1915.txt
summary:
  The purpose of this pictorial review is to empower the reading radiologist with a simplified classification of the patterns of cerebral injury matched to images of patients demonstrating each subtype. A background narrative literature review was undertaken of the regional, continental and international databases looking at specific patterns of cerebral injury related to perinatal HIBI.


id: sajr-2016
title: sajr-2016
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2410
sentence: 162
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-2016.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2016.txt
summary:
  Furthermore, the generation of superoxide radicals leading to myelin oedema and vacuolation is thought to be contributory.22 Other proposed mechanisms include focal ischaemia and the possible role of mitochondrial dysfunction.23 Most patients with metronidazole-induced encephalopathy present with cerebellar signs, the most frequent being dysarthria, gait instability and ataxia.19 Patients may less commonly present with changes in mental state, vertigo, dizziness, seizures and lateralising signs.19,20 Other conditions such as Wernicke’s encephalopathy, toxic encephalopathies, other drug encephalopathies, enteroviral encephalomyelitis, hepatic encephalopathy and some leukodystrophies should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Antimicrobial agents used in the management of hepatic encephalopathy include metronidazole, neomycin, vancomycin, paromomycin and rifaximin.11 Metronidazole has been shown to be equally efficacious to neomycin in small studies2 and a newer study has shown comparable efficacy to rifaximin in acute hepatic encephalopathy.4


id: sajr-2286
title: sajr-2286
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2635
sentence: 131
flesch: 39
cache: cache/sajr-2286.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2286.txt
summary:
  Keywords: myeloid sarcoma; chronic myeloid leukaemia; blast crises; acute myeloid leukaemia, chloroma. Chloroma most commonly occurs in association with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML); however, it can also be seen in myeloproliferative disorders like polycythaemia vera and chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and in myelodysplastic syndromes.2


id: sajr-1885
title: sajr-1885
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1899
sentence: 121
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-1885.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1885.txt
summary:
  The case illustrates how fish bone perforation may mislead unsuspecting clinicians and may be misdiagnosed as colonic cancer. A definitive diagnosis of fish bone perforation was made after hemicolectomy and histopathology analysis.


id: sajr-327
author: van Schouwenburg, F; Lameen, H
title: Rupture of an ovarian artery aneurysm following normal vaginal delivery
date: 2011-05-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 957
sentence: 57
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-327.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-327.txt
summary:
  The most common symptom of rupture of ovarian artery aneurysm is acute flank pain or abdominal pain.3,4 A ruptured ovarian artery aneurysm may be surgically treated by adnexectomy or ligation proximal and distal to the point of rupture.1,3 Arterial embolisation is now developing as an alternative therapy.5 Conclusion Spontaneous rupture of ovarian artery aneurysm in the puerperium.


id: sajr-222
title: RADIOLOGICAL FINDINGS.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 2210
sentence: 127
flesch: 58
cache: cache/sajr-222.htm
txt: txt/sajr-222.txt
summary:
  The majority of imaging pathology findings reflected lung disease. More detailed and consistent recording of imaging findings is required before stronger conclusions may be drawn regarding the utility of full-body digital imaging of paediatric cases in forensic pathology laboratories.


id: sajr-2501
title: sajr-2501
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2133
sentence: 113
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-2501.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2501.txt
summary:
  FIGURE 4: Coronal oblique (a), showing a well-defined heterogeneous mass (red arrow) along the course of left gonadal vein causing hydronephrosis and hydroureter. In such cases, the differential would include haemangioma, haemangiopericytoma and angiolipoma.5 Contrast enhanced CT is superior to ultrasound and is the diagnostic test of choice for gonadal vein LMS.


id: sajr-211
title: SAJR 779
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 711
sentence: 46
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-211.htm
txt: txt/sajr-211.txt
summary:
  None of the cases subsequently revealed any evidence of traumatic brain injury on CTB but they all demonstrated mandibular condyle fractures best appreciated on coronal views. In young children, symptoms of condylar fractures are subtle and may be overlooked.4 Clinical signs and symptoms described for mandibular fractures include haemorrhage from the external auditory meatus.4 One of the 4 patients had haemotympanum on clinical examination, and a CTB was requested to exclude a base of skull fracture, but instead revealed a mandibular condyle fracture as the cause of the haemotympanum.


id: sajr-215
title: SAJR 842
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 150
sentence: 19
flesch: 68
cache: cache/sajr-215.htm
txt: txt/sajr-215.txt
summary:
  SAJR 842 Paediatric neuro-imaging S Misser Lake Smit and Partners, Durban S Misser, MB ChB, FCRad (D) SA Corresponding author: S Misser (misser@lakesmit.co.za) A 2-year-old boy presented with microcephaly and developmental delay. Coronal T1 image at level of the third ventricle.


id: sajr-198
author: Ahmed, A; Modi, M; Andronikou, S; Erlank, E
title: Speciality corner
date: 2006-02-14
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 3748
sentence: 214
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-198.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-198.txt
summary:
  By S Andronikou, A Erlank, M Strachan, G Dekker: Radiology Department, Tygerberg Hospital and University of Stellenbosch In view of your review article on air reduction of intussusception, we would like to comment as follows: No reported study has demonstrated plain radiographs to be as good as sonog- raphy, however, its importance, especially a horizontal beam radiograph, in detecting free air, cannot be overemphasised.1,2 Some characteristic signs include the ‘meniscus’ sign and the ‘target’ sign.


id: sajr-300
title: SAJR 699
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 593
sentence: 40
flesch: 65
cache: cache/sajr-300.htm
txt: txt/sajr-300.txt
summary:
  Axial view after single post-triphasic contrast injection series. On the 3-hour delay post-contrast scan, there is retention of contrast in the tubules, causing streaky contrast staining in the area of inflammation, typical of pyelonephritis (black arrow in Fig. 3b).


id: sajr-284
author: Matzdorff, Robert
title: CPD questionnaire
date: 2013-08-01
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 698
sentence: 44
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-284.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-284.txt
summary:
  Regarding nasolabial cysts – a rare case: 19. Nasolabial cysts comprise approximately 0.6% of all jaw cysts, most commonly affect patients in the 4th and 5th decades of life, and have a male predominance.


id: sajr-2431
title: sajr-2431
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3138
sentence: 177
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-2431.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2431.txt
summary:
  Ultrasound is a part of the initial radiological evaluation of MD complications. Whilst some authors advocate prophylactic resection because of the risk of complication later in life, others disagree.13 A published study reported a risk score for prophylactic resection of asymptomatic MD, which included risk factors of developing complications such as male gender, age younger than 40, diverticula over 2 cm in diameter, suspected heterotopic tissue, associated meso-diverticular band and wide diverticula with thin walls.14 Conclusion Although MD is the most common gastrointestinal tract anomaly, its preoperative diagnosis is rarely made.


id: sajr-246
title: SAJR 837
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1572
sentence: 99
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-246.htm
txt: txt/sajr-246.txt
summary:
  Primary bladder carcinoma has a large intravesical component compared with urachal carcinomas that have a large extra-vesical component and a tendency to spread extraperitoneally into the space of Retzius and the umbilical region.5 Similarly to our reported case, urachal carcinoma can manifest as a mass in the region of the umbilicus. MRI also helps to determine the intravesical extent of tumour.5 On ultrasound, urachal carcinomas appear as cystic lesions with mixed echogenicity or as a solid mass.


id: sajr-1964
title: sajr-1964
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3538
sentence: 189
flesch: 37
cache: cache/sajr-1964.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1964.txt
summary:
  References Zhang XM, Hu WL, He HX, et al. Diagnosis of male posterior urethral stricture: Comparison of 64-MDCT urethrography vs. standard urethrography. Cystitis is commonly seen with urethritis and urethral strictures (Figure 7).


id: sajr-259
title: SAJR 756
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1565
sentence: 96
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-259.htm
txt: txt/sajr-259.txt
summary:
  A clinical scoring system documenting the severity of venous disease is described by Eklöf et al.6 (Fig. 4). Varicose venous disease is a complex entity; careful patient selection and intervention is required for successful and curative management.


id: sajr-2262
title: sajr-2262
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4698
sentence: 220
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-2262.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2262.txt
summary:
  The objectives of the study were: to describe the demographic profile of COVID-19 patients requiring admission during the first and second waves of the pandemic, dated from March 2020 to December 2020; to describe and quantify the imaging spectrum seen on chest radiography in admitted COVID-19 patients with the aid of a data collection tool; to evaluate for the presence of other co-morbidities, specifically HIV and TB on chest radiography; and to correlate the severity of disease, as determined by the Brixia scoring system, to the patients’ prognosis. Features of superimposed infection (generally pleural effusions and lymphadenopathy) have also been described.4 This study aims to retrospectively analyse and quantify chest radiograph findings of confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to a South African isolation hospital, where concomitant pulmonary manifestations of infectious diseases such and HIV and TB may pose an additional diagnostic dilemma.


id: sajr-235
title: RADIOACTIVE NEWS2.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 558
sentence: 20
flesch: 28
cache: cache/sajr-235.htm
txt: txt/sajr-235.txt
summary:
  Particularly relevant lectures included Opportunities in Translational Research and Quantitative Imaging by Professor K Macura; Research Opportunities in Informatics by Dr N Safdar; Statistics by A Frangos; and Radiology Research: Deductions from the Literature and How They May Be Applied to Your Research by Professor R Hichwa. The RSNA Grant Programs and Education Resources seminar by F Miller, E Pietrzak and S Walter introduced delegates to the many research grants, opportunities and resources offered by the RSNA to international radiologists.


id: sajr-2321
title: sajr-2321
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3295
sentence: 177
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-2321.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2321.txt
summary:
  Concurrent cranial and cervical spine injuries by associated injury mechanisms in traumatic brain injury patients. Traumatic brain injury patients with GCS scores of 8 or less were at a higher risk of spine injuries.18


id: sajr-206
title: SAJR 817
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 2069
sentence: 143
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-206.htm
txt: txt/sajr-206.txt
summary:
  There are different types of gastric volvulus, with the variant presented in our case being the less commonly encountered mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus. Some of the CT features of gastric volvulus are described, and the usefulness of CT in assisting with the diagnosis is highlighted.


id: sajr-2042
title: sajr-2042
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5017
sentence: 313
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-2042.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2042.txt
summary:
  Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535415/ Borja MJ, Plaza MJ, Altman N, Saigal G. Conventional and advanced MRI features of paediatric intracranial tumours: Supratentorial tumours. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.12.9724 Plaza MJ, Borja MJ, Altman N, Saigal G. Conventional and advanced MRI features of paediatric intracranial tumours: Posterior fossa and suprasellar tumours.


id: sajr-2387
title: sajr-2387
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2882
sentence: 167
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-2387.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2387.txt
summary:
  Diagnosing rare intraductal biliary neoplasms – Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: A case report with typical imaging findings. 2022;26(1), a2387. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2387 Case Report Diagnosing rare intraductal biliary neoplasms – Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: A case report with typical imaging findings Saumya Pandey, Nitin Agarwal, Vidushi Gupta, Ashok Sharma, Anil Aggarwal, Sunita Gupta, Ram Krishan Received: 27 Dec. 2021; Accepted: 18 Feb. 2022;


id: sajr-2701
title: sajr-2701
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5692
sentence: 303
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-2701.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2701.txt
summary:
  The average ferromagnetic DEI values were significantly lower than the average non-ferromagnetic values, similar to Diallo et al.26 and the opposite to Winklhofer et al.30 The current findings demonstrate a more pronounced overlap of DEI values while comparing ferromagnetic to non-ferromagnetic bullets, whereas previous studies had a more pronounced difference with less overlap. Furthermore, even the average ferromagnetic (Siemens Somatom: −0.0616; GE Discovery: −0.0633) and non-ferromagnetic (Siemens Somatom: −0.0339; GE Discovery: −0.0299) bullet DEI values were comparable and within close proximity to each other.


id: sajr-293
title: SAJR 709
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 3490
sentence: 222
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-293.htm
txt: txt/sajr-293.txt
summary:
  Rendered brain surface showing the tumour (pink) and fMRI motor regions in (a) oblique-posterior, and (b) lateral views. Since its inception almost 20 years ago, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has greatly advanced our knowledge of human brain function.


id: sajr-2188
title: sajr-2188
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4326
sentence: 223
flesch: 39
cache: cache/sajr-2188.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2188.txt
summary:
  The questionnaire consisted of three sections: (1) demographic information including age, sex, speciality, level of training, involvement in private practice; (2) estimation of radiological study cost and (3) the participant’s desire to learn about imaging costs and any prior education or training related to cost awareness of radiological studies. An open-ended question on why they would want to learn about the cost of radiological studies was also included in the questionnaire. FIGURE 1: Cost estimation component of the questionnaire with radiological costs from which the participants had to select one correct option (the correct options are indicated by X).


id: sajr-2528
title: sajr-2528
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4273
sentence: 228
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-2528.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2528.txt
summary:
  Neuroimaging, particularly MRI, is an essential tool for the early assessment and evaluation of dengue fever neurological manifestations. DENV2 and DENV3 are the most implicated in the varied neurologic manifestations of dengue virus infection.3 Dengue-associated encephalopathy and encephalitis, dengue-related immune-mediated syndromes, and ophthalmic neurological disorders are some of the examples of the neurological manifestations of dengue virus infection.


id: sajr-310
title: traumatic.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 417
sentence: 24
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-310.htm
txt: txt/sajr-310.txt
summary:
  Sagittal T2-weighted MRI of cervical spine demonstrates spinal cord hyperintensity at C 4 and C5 levels. Fig. Axial T2-weighted MRI at C4 and C5 levels demonstrates the extent of spinal cord hyperintensity limited to the left hemicord in keeping with the clinical features of Brown-Sequard syndrome.


id: sajr-336
author: Pitcher, Richard
title: The dissertation generaltion
date: 2011-02-21
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 915
sentence: 42
flesch: 39
cache: cache/sajr-336.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-336.txt
summary:
  In addition to completing 4 years in an accredited teaching programme, new recruits will have to: 1. Broadly, research evaluation in this country currently takes one of two paths: 1. dissertations submitted to university-convened review panels that include internal and external examiners


id: sajr-264
title: SAJR 793
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 947
sentence: 65
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-264.htm
txt: txt/sajr-264.txt
summary:
  Tectorial membrane injury associated with REH is rarely seen. There are several reasons why children are more at risk for CCJ injury (Table 1).


id: sajr-201
title: SAJR 840
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 499
sentence: 26
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-201.htm
txt: txt/sajr-201.txt
summary:
  SAJR 840 EDITORIAL Onwards and upwards The endeavors of my predecessor, Professor Jan Lotz, a committed visionary who served the South African Journal of Radiology (SAJR) in a permanent capacity for 5 years (2008 - 2012), are gratefully acknowledged. Under his stewardship, the SAJR benefited from a consistent editorial policy.


id: sajr-228
title: CALCINOSIS.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1373
sentence: 73
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-228.htm
txt: txt/sajr-228.txt
summary:
  The mechanism of this complication is poorly understood, and it is not known why some patients with SLE develop this condition and others do not.3 Calcinosis cutis may involve a localised region, in which case it is referred to as calcinosis cutis circumscripta and, in its more generalised form, as calcinosis cutis universalis. A review of the literature reveals that, up to 2010, only 37 cases were reported in the English-language literature.1 Calcinosis cutis associated with SLE is dystrophic in nature and nearly always localised (calcinosis cutis circumscripta) but may infrequently occur as a generalised form referred to as calcinosis cutis universalis.1


id: sajr-278
title: SAJR 874
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 2341
sentence: 172
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-278.htm
txt: txt/sajr-278.txt
summary:
  Lymphoid hyperplasia typically shows diffuse enlargement with a fine mixture of fat and lymphoid tissue, a smooth contour, and normal vessels; this in contrast to thymic tumour that is associated with a nodular contour and frequently contains necrotic or calcific foci.5 Thymic lymphoid hyperplasia is commonly associated with myasthenia gravis, thyrotoxicosis, Addison disease, acromegaly, thyroid cancer, connective tissue disease and early stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Thymic tumours Thymoma Thymomas are the most common primary neoplasm of the anterior mediastinum.


id: sajr-318
author: Matzdorff, Robert
title: CME Fund
date: 2012-06-12
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2270
sentence: 94
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-318.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-318.txt
summary:
  However, Leon Janse van Rensburg recently became aware that Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital (RCWMCH) was in need of books; as a result, an additional allocation of funds was made so that the RCWMCH might acquire the needed books. The active congress programme of the RSSA organised by Leon Janse van Rensburg covers major areas of the syllabus over a 5-year cycle, giving all radiologists, and particularly those in training, the opportunity to continually update knowledge, with renowned international speakers coming to South Africa.


id: sajr-223
title: ACALCULOUS.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1220
sentence: 80
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-223.htm
txt: txt/sajr-223.txt
summary:
  In patients with no major systemic illness, an increased incidence of gangrenous cholecystitis (as much as 59%) has been reported, but this is possibly owing to diagnostic uncertainty and delay in performing surgery in this group of patients.4 With prompt and appropriate treatment, the outcome in the group of patents with no underlying systemic illness appears to be similar to patients with calculous cholecystitis.7 Conclusion Although acalculous cholecystitis often occurs in the context of the intensive care unit in patients with major underlying illnesses, it should be recognised that a significant proportion of patients with this condition present as outpatients with no underlying risk factors. Clinical features of acute acalculous cholecystitis.


id: sajr-301
author: Matzdorff, Robert
title: CPD Questionnaire
date: 2012-09-10
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 911
sentence: 62
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-301.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-301.txt
summary:
  D. Alexander disease is caused by astrocyte dysfunction characterised by missense mutation in the genes coding for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). B. Patients unfit for surgical valve replacement may require transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).


id: sajr-287
title: EDITORIAL
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1050
sentence: 46
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-287.htm
txt: txt/sajr-287.txt
summary:
  MMed students should be encouraged to distribute their scholarly research through journal publication. My initiation into the publishing of scholarly journals was marked by a visit to the Health and Medical Publishing Group (HMPG) office in Rondebosch, Cape Town, where I was introduced to the publishing team responsible for delivering the completed journal, in print and online, to the radiology community each quarter.


id: sajr-2268
title: sajr-2268
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 346
sentence: 16
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-2268.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2268.txt
summary:
  About the Author(s) Jaanri Brugman Division of Radiodiagnosis, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Gerard de Bruyn Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Komeela Naidoo Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Marc Merven Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Johan Opperman Division of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Leon Janse van Rensburg Division of Radiodiagnosis, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Citation Brugman J, De Bruyn G, Naidoo K, https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v25i1.2268 Note: DOI of original article published: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v24i1.1978 Correction Corrigendum: Not always ‘squame’: The rare entity of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the tonsil presenting with cervical nodal metastases Jaanri Brugman, Gerard de Bruyn, Komeela Naidoo, Marc Merven, Johan Opperman, Leon Janse van Rensburg Published: 01 Dec. 2021 Copyright: © 2021.


id: sajr-2572
title: sajr-2572
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2519
sentence: 149
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-2572.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2572.txt
summary:
  Precocious puberty in VWGS presents with unique features of delayed bone age as well as short stature, which differs from other causes of precocious puberty where growth acceleration is the criteria as the thyroid hormone causes bone maturation directly through T3 and indirectly through the growth hormone regulation gene.13 Long-standing hypothyroidism leads to thyrotroph hyperplasia leading to pituitary hyperplasia. Classic clinical features of VWGS are precocious puberty, galactorrhoea and cystic ovarian lesions that are remarkably extenuated following thyroxine replacement therapy.1


id: sajr-328
author: D, Liesel; Smal, J; Lockhat, Z
title: MRI imaging of vein of Galen malformations at Steve Biko Academic Hospital: A mini case series
date: 2011-05-31
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1997
sentence: 147
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-328.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-328.txt
summary:
  MRI (Fig. 3) confirmed a left temporal lobe arterio-venous malformation with secondary intracerebral bleeding as well as a well-defined, enlarged venous pouch in keeping with a vein of Galen malformation. A midline dilated venous pouch with characteristic flow void is seen on axial (Fig. 1a) and sagittal (Fig 1b) images.


id: sajr-236
title: RADIOACTIVE NEWS2.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 570
sentence: 20
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-236.htm
txt: txt/sajr-236.txt
summary:
  RADIOACTIVE NEWS2.html NECSA and NTP donate PET-CT scanner to Tygerberg Hospital On 25 November 2011, the Western Cape Health Department, NTP Radioisotopes and its parent company, the South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (NECSA), marked the intermediate phase of installing a R15.6 million positron emission tomography - computed tomography (PET-CT) scanner at Tygerberg Hospital. Mapula Letsoalo, NTP’s Executive Director, pointed out that, of the 9 functioning PET-CT scanners in the country, most are in Gauteng Province, with only one in the Western Cape. The need for an additional PET-CT scanner in the province was imminent as the use of F-18 FDG has grown by 109% in 2009/10 compared to 2008/09 for Tygerberg Hospital alone.’


id: sajr-2122
title: sajr-2122
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 1857
sentence: 82
flesch: 34
cache: cache/sajr-2122.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2122.txt
summary:
  Due to this inflammatory challenge, minor side effects are commonly reported, including cystitis, haematuria, fever, chills and malaise, usually self-limiting within a few hours or days.1 Miliary TB as a manifestation of pulmonary involvement of BCG infection is very rare, and only a very few cases have been reported thus far.1,5,6,7 The presence of underlying immunosuppression, bladder mucosal damage and other patient characteristics are risk factors for disseminated infection.4 Imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis of miliary TB and, as in the present case, CT findings guided the diagnosis, even when microbiological and histopathological evidence of mycobacterial infection were negative.6 In this case, a presumptive diagnosis of disseminated BCG infection was justified by the clinical presentation consistent with active TB, associated with radiological findings consistent with miliary dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and high ferritin levels, commonly reported amongst pulmonary TB patients7; finally, the evidence of mycobacterial genome by PCR confirmed the diagnosis.


id: sajr-2164
title: sajr-2164
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2817
sentence: 163
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-2164.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2164.txt
summary:
  Further imaging confirmed right pulmonary agenesis, associated with an atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and tracheo-oesophageal fistula. Keywords: pulmonary underdevelopment; pulmonary agenesis; pulmonary aplasia; pulmonary hypoplasia; congenital disease.


id: sajr-2437
title: sajr-2437
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2187
sentence: 118
flesch: 39
cache: cache/sajr-2437.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2437.txt
summary:
  In view of the degree of thickening and associated lymphadenopathy, gastric lymphoma was presented as an imaging differential. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, treatment of MALT lymphoma consists of anti-H. Pylori medication, which is initiated as early as possible once the diagnosis is confirmed.9,16 With DLBCL a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy can result in complete remission in up to 90% of cases.16 Conclusion This case demonstrates the usefulness of multimodality imaging and describes the classic imaging findings in the DLBCL type of gastric lymphoma.


id: sajr-238
title: MUSCULOSKELETAL.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 184
sentence: 17
flesch: 72
cache: cache/sajr-238.htm
txt: txt/sajr-238.txt
summary:
  MUSCULOSKELETAL.html Musculoskeletal imaging of a painful knee S K Misser, MB ChB, FCRad (D) SA Lake Smit and Partners, Durban Corresponding author: S Misser (misser@lakesmit.co.za) Presentation A middle-aged woman presented with acute-on-chronic right knee pain. Please submit your response to Dr Misser at misser@lakesmit.co.za not later than 1 April 2012.


id: sajr-247
title: SAJR 767
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1459
sentence: 97
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-247.htm
txt: txt/sajr-247.txt
summary:
  Although named ‘false achondroplasia’, the entity is a distinct condition in which affected individuals are born with normal length and have a normal facies. As the most common of the SEMD group of disorders, it is estimated to affect 1 in every 20 000 individuals.2 Typically, affected individuals have a normal birth length and no facial dysmorphic features.


id: sajr-270
title: SAJR 939
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 487
sentence: 33
flesch: 54
cache: cache/sajr-270.htm
txt: txt/sajr-270.txt
summary:
  Thank you to those members of the RSSA who participated in the recent April 2013 RSSA/SAJR poll conducted to obtain a formal record indicating their preferences when accessing journal content. Of the 213 responses, 55% indicated a preference for a digital-only format that includes online journal access and digital applications for mobile devices.


id: sajr-232
title: PARANASAL.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 495
sentence: 56
flesch: 59
cache: cache/sajr-232.htm
txt: txt/sajr-232.txt
summary:
  Pneumatised anterior clinoid process (star). Fig. 8. The bulla ethmoidalis is a prominent anterior ethmoid air cell (Fig. 3).


id: sajr-265
title: SAJR 795
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 147
sentence: 12
flesch: 65
cache: cache/sajr-265.htm
txt: txt/sajr-265.txt
summary:
  Abdominal imaging S K Misser, S Beningfield, P Scholtz   Lake Smit and Partners, Durban S K Misser, MB ChB, FC Rad (D) SA   Department of Radiology, University of Cape Town S Beningfield, MB ChB, FFRad (D) SA P Scholtz, MB ChB, FC Rad (D) SA   Corresponding author: S Misser (misser@lakesmit.co.za) Presentation A 40-year-old man presented with acute onset of severe vomiting. S Afr J Rad 2012;16(4):152.


id: sajr-1919
title: sajr-1919
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3503
sentence: 165
flesch: 39
cache: cache/sajr-1919.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1919.txt
summary:
  Only two patients (cases 4 and 5) had a clinical suspicion of pulmonary TB and CT scans were performed primarily for the evaluation of pulmonary involvement, which also revealed the associated bony and soft tissue involvement of chest wall. This case series reports seven patients who presented to our department with rare sites of TB involvement such as the clavicle, sternum, acromion, chest wall and temporo-mandibular joint, most of whom had a provisional clinical diagnosis other than TB.


id: sajr-343
author: Bellew, Neil; Wagener, Georg
title: Camurati-Engelmann disease
date: 2011-02-21
pages: 5
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 2814
sentence: 180
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-343.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-343.txt
summary:
  Increased bone density without modification of bone shape Osteopetrosis precocious type delayed type intermediate type with renal tubular acidosis Generalised Type 1 uniform Type 2 endobones Generalised Similar other types AR AD AR AR Axial osteosclerosis osteomesopyknosis with bamboo hair Focal sclerosis in vertebrae/pelvis AD AR Pycnodysostosis Generalised AR Osteosclerosis Stanesu type Cortical thickening of long bones, deficient facial sinus development AD Osteopathia striata isolated with cranial sclerosis Radiodense striations on all bones with cranial sclerosis SP XLD Sponastrime dysplasia Striated metaphysis AR Melorheostosis Flowing hyperostosis SP Osteopoikilosis Radiodense spots AD Mixed sclerosing bone dysplasia Combined pattern SP 2. Sclerosing bone dysplasias: genetic and radioclini- cal features.


id: sajr-352
title: FAST.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 3365
sentence: 187
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-352.htm
txt: txt/sajr-352.txt
summary:
  Peer-reviewed literature demonstrates increasing support for the use of focused abdominal sonography in trauma (FAST) in the setting of blunt trauma, one study demonstrating the sensitivity and specificity of FAST for the detection of free fluid to be 0.64 - 0.98 and 0.86 - 1.00, respectively, compared with abdominal CT. Future direction This study should be repeated in a prospective, randomised manner, where the control group is triaged according to current protocol and an intervention group receives abdominal CT.


id: sajr-337
author: Rubin, Grace; Meerkotter, Debra Ardath
title: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis
date: 2011-02-21
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1328
sentence: 69
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-337.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-337.txt
summary:
  It mimics breast carcinoma both clinically and radiographically. The value of making this diagnosis is that the prognosis and treatment differ significantly from that of breast carcinoma, and the radiologist can be pivotal in the diagnosis of this rare condition.


id: sajr-252
title: SAJR 887
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1684
sentence: 70
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-252.htm
txt: txt/sajr-252.txt
summary:
  We proudly welcome Professor Jill Jacobs as our fifth esteemed RSSA honorary member, and extend our sincerest gratitude for her commitment and dedication towards South African radiology. Dr Sperryn introduced the audience to South African radiology, comparing radiologist:population ratios with other countries, and introduced the topics of HIV and TB before introducing the speakers.


id: sajr-2269
title: sajr-2269
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 243
sentence: 14
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-2269.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2269.txt
summary:
  About the Author(s) Isak D. Vorster Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Steve Beningfield Division of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Citation Vorster ID, Note: DOI of original article published: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v23i1.1720 Correction Corrigendum: Evaluation of self-reported confidence amongst radiology staff in initiating basic life support across hospitals in the Cape Town Metropole West region Isak D. Vorster, Steve Beningfield


id: sajr-1990
title: sajr-1990
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4464
sentence: 224
flesch: 47
cache: cache/sajr-1990.htm
txt: txt/sajr-1990.txt
summary:
  Renal artery variations were more prevalent on the left than on the right. The variations depicted in Figure 4 will be used in the classification and description of the type of renal artery variation.


id: sajr-329
author: Lotz, Jan
title: The RSSA and CME
date: 2011-05-31
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 424
sentence: 14
flesch: 35
cache: cache/sajr-329.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-329.txt
summary:
  The RSSA CME Association (not for gain) was officially constituted on 31 December 2010 as a separate entity. 52 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2011 CME The RSSA and CME With the establishment of an international advisory board consisting of Joshua Farber, Jonathan Kruskal, Walter Kucharczyk and Pia Sundgren (see the Radioactive News section) who have undertaken to provide objective and constructive criticism of the SAJR, and more specifically concerning its content in relation to international work, the journal continues on the growth path that was largely catalysed by the co-operative initiative between the Radiological Society of South Africa (RSSA) and Philips SA.


id: sajr-294
title: SAJR 684
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1573
sentence: 103
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-294.htm
txt: txt/sajr-294.txt
summary:
  Early lumbar axial ankylosis and spinal involvement is more marked in male patients than female, with early radiographic signs of hip involvement.2-4 Classic joint involvement includes: bilateral sacro-iliac, thoraco-lumbar and lumbo-sacral joints (early) and cervical spine (late).5 1. Hermann KGA, Althoff CE, Schneider U, et al.


id: sajr-319
author: Fani, Gertrude
title: CPD Questionnaire
date: 2012-06-12
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1178
sentence: 75
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-319.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-319.txt
summary:
  The role of MRI in screening for breast cancer and its use after the diagnosis of breast cancer is an enormous topic, with over 5 000 papers published in the last 10 years. D. The low PPV of MRI (20 - 40%), leads to a high rate of biopsies and further investigations – acceptable in women with a high risk of breast cancer, but potentially harmful to women in lower-risk categories.


id: sajr-2291
title: sajr-2291
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2138
sentence: 108
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-2291.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2291.txt
summary:
  Sajedi et al. reported that 21.2% cases of cryptogenic stroke had carotid webs, with a fairly uniform distribution of cases with unilateral and bilateral pathology in the study group. In addition, a lesser mean age for stroke was detected in patients with a carotid web (38.3 years) than among those without webs (48.7 years).4 Hu et al. determined a strong association between carotid webs and TIA in patients having no other vascular risk factors.


id: sajr-224
title: SPONTANEOUS.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1384
sentence: 69
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-224.htm
txt: txt/sajr-224.txt
summary:
  Surgery for spontaneous CSF leaks has traditionally been performed transcranially. Schuknecht B, Simmen D, Briner HR, Holzmann D. Nontraumatic skull base defects with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea and arachnoid herniation: imaging findings and correlation with endoscopic sinus surgery in 27 patients.


id: sajr-2044
title: sajr-2044
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 3056
sentence: 160
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-2044.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2044.txt
summary:
  Abstract Introduction Case presentations Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Richard Edwards Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Radiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Nausheen Khan Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Imaging, Faculty of Radiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Citation Edwards R, Khan N. Traumatic aortic injury: Computed tomography angiography imaging and findings revisited in patients surviving major thoracic aorta injuries. Keywords: TAI; traumatic aortic injury; computed tomography angiography; major chest trauma; thoracic aortic injuries.


id: sajr-279
title: SAJR 846
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 845
sentence: 70
flesch: 56
cache: cache/sajr-279.htm
txt: txt/sajr-279.txt
summary:
  We report on a rare case of bilateral nasolabial cysts, of which only 30 cases have been described previously. SAJR 846 Nasolabial cysts − a rare case A F Bezuidenhout,1 MB ChB; N S Stofberg,2 MB ChB 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Stellenbosch University, Parow, Cape Town, South Africa 2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Stellenbosch University, Parow, Cape Town, South Africa Corresponding author:


id: sajr-311
title: Unusual.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 2021
sentence: 139
flesch: 61
cache: cache/sajr-311.htm
txt: txt/sajr-311.txt
summary:
  A ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is a fairly common and useful procedure to reduce intracranial pressure in patients with hydrocephalus. Complications associated with VP shunts are usually related to either shunt obstruction or infection. In view of several fluid collections along the tract of the VP shunt, intraperitoneal collection adjacent to the tip of VP shunt and moderate hydrocephalus, a diagnosis of a CSF pseudocyst of the breast was made.


id: sajr-35
author: van der Merwe, DJ; Andronikou, S; Vlok, GJ; Dekker, G; Pienaar, M; Hlongwane, S; Brandt, A
title: Elbow fracture in a child
date: 2007-11-27
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 563
sentence: 36
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-35.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-35.txt
summary:
  Elbow dislocation with lateral condyle fracture in children. MRI, as demonstrated in this patient, is an excellent modality to obtain the diagnosis of separation of the distal humeral epiphysis and avoid misdiagnosis of dislocated elbow when the elbow epiphyses are largely unossified.


id: sajr-2072
title: sajr-2072
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 4926
sentence: 269
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-2072.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2072.txt
summary:
  This manuscript describes our early experience with MRE for the assessment of the presence and staging of liver fibrosis on a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the MRE physics, procedure, interpretation and drawbacks, along with a few recommendations as per our experience. Keywords: magnetic resonance elastography; liver fibrosis; 3T; cirrhosis; stiffness; liver stiffness measurement; chronic liver disease; non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.


id: sajr-260
title: SAJR 725 + 710
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 892
sentence: 64
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-260.htm
txt: txt/sajr-260.txt
summary:
  The pathological appearances were consistent with rice bodies. Cheung et al. suggested synovial origin with micro-infarction of synovial cells after inflammation and ischaemia,¹ whereas Popert et al. proposed a de novo formation of rice bodies in synovial fluid independently of synovial elements.² Formation of rice bodies has been reported in joints,1 , 2 bursae3-6 and tendon sheaths,5 and are commonly observed in chronic rheumatoid arthritis, seronegative inflammatory arthritis and tuberculous joints.3 Different-shaped rice bodies are described, varying from nodules and teardrops to angular and flake-shaped with variable sizes.4 , 5 On MRI, rice bodies have been described as having iso- or hypo-intense signal intensities relative to skeletal muscle on T1- and T2-weighted images, and the rice bodies were less discernible from the surrounding bursa fluid on T1-weighted image and clearly discernible on T2-weighted image.3-5 Synovial chondromatosis was a differential diagnosis in the above case.


id: sajr-376
author: Moller, Jacobus; Basson, J I; Duminy, J L; Potgieter, E
title: Recurrent primary fallopian tube carcinoma presenting with an appendiceal metastasis
date: 2011-08-15
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 616
sentence: 38
flesch: 55
cache: cache/sajr-376.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-376.txt
summary:
  94 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • September 2011 PICTORIAL INTERLUDE Recurrent primary fallopian tube carcinoma presenting with an appendiceal metastasis J S Möller, FCNP J I Basson, MMed (Rad D) Free State PET/CT Centre, Bloemfontein J L Duminy, MMed (Rad Onc) Wilmed Park Oncology Centre, Bloemfontein E Potgieter, FC Path (Anat) Oncologist 2006;11:902-912. 3. Riska A, Leminen A. Updating on primary fallopian tube carcinoma.


id: sajr-369
author: Scholtz, Leonie
title: Cardiovascular Imaging in South Africa
date: 2011-08-15
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1291
sentence: 51
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-369.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-369.txt
summary:
  Renewed interest in cardiovascular imaging among radiologists in South Africa, and the possible establishment of a fellowship in cardiac imaging locally, would naturally assist in enhancing our credibility. Peripheral angiography, however, historically belonged to radiology, and imaging of the carotid, renal and peripheral vessels simply became non-invasive procedures, performed in the radiology department and referred by vascular surgeons, physicians and neurosurgeons.


id: sajr-304
title: appointment.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1921
sentence: 78
flesch: 61
cache: cache/sajr-304.htm
txt: txt/sajr-304.txt
summary:
  Jan Lotz Editor-in-chief Tribute to Bryan Cremin By Sean Conway Bryan Joseph Cremin was born in London on 2 September 1929 to a Limerick GP father and a Kerry mother, both of the province of Munster, Ireland. This ends my somewhat personal contribution to the Life of Bryan – Bryan Joseph Cremin – with apologies where indicated.


id: sajr-344
author: Mahomed, N; Goodier, M; Modi, M; Andronikou, S
title: The injured snowman
date: 2011-02-21
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1073
sentence: 43
flesch: 43
cache: cache/sajr-344.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-344.txt
summary:
  In infants without metabolic bone disease, rib fractures strongly correlate with NAI because the mechanism that generates these fractures is specific.2,3 Tight squeezing of the immature infant’s chest results in a complex array of compressive and levering forces resulting in fractures of the posterior, lateral and anterior ribs. The pattern of rib fractures depends on the forces distributed in an area dependent on the size of the perpetrator’s hands, and can be seen in similar locations in multiple adjacent ribs.2 In view of the underlying co-morbidity of a congenital cyanotic heart disease described in our patient, viewing the chest X-ray in isolation could result in misinterpretation of the multiple rib fractures as caused by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).


id: sajr-2509
title: sajr-2509
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6733
sentence: 343
flesch: 42
cache: cache/sajr-2509.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2509.txt
summary:
  This alteration resulted both in the form of hypercoagulability11,14,17 with expressions of a thromboembolic nature (e.g. PTE, DVT), whose mechanism is still necessary to investigate,13 and in the form of haemorrhagic diathesis with depletion of coagulation factors, thrombocytopenia and hyperfibrinolysis.14,18 Among the risk factors for the development of bleeding in COVID-19 patients, contributing causes have been proposed, such as pronation manoeuvres, anticoagulant treatment, obesity, increased vascular fragility determined by the pro-inflammatory state, barotrauma from ventilation by C-PAP and cough with consequent increase in intra-abdominal pressure and arterial In their case report, Nakamura et al. recalled the Lenk triad (haemodynamic shock, palpable mass, severe pain) as a possible manifestation of these haematomas26 while some authors have shown that retroperitoneal haematomas are associated with high mortality and can manifest themselves with haemorrhagic shock and are often underdiagnosed, especially in sedated and intubated patients.11,34,35 Vergori et al. highlighted a higher incidence of retroperitoneal haemorrhages in COVID-19 patients with 7.6 cases/1000 hospitalisations (12.18 cases/1000 hospitalisations in this series) versus 3.8 cases/1000 reported in critically ill non-COVID-19 patients.11,36


id: sajr-253
author: Chacko, Anith
title: CPD questionnaire
date: 2013-06-11
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 599
sentence: 36
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-253.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-253.txt
summary:
  Risk factors for vertebral artery injury include facet joint dislocations and fractures of the vertebral bodies of the 1st - 3rd cervical vertebrae. 11. Fractures through/involving the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae have up to 78% incidence of vertebral artery injury. 12.


id: sajr-2371
title: sajr-2371
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2179
sentence: 111
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-2371.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2371.txt
summary:
  Pituitary sellar spine in a pediatric patient with diabetes insipidus. Sellar spine: A rare Bony variant of the Sella Turcica.


id: sajr-2393
title: sajr-2393
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 2300
sentence: 124
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-2393.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2393.txt
summary:
  Keywords: giant cell tumour; breast tumour; GCT-ST; breast imaging. Introduction Microscopically, giant cell tumours (GCTs) are diagnosed when an even distribution of multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells (OGCs) are noted surrounded by oval and spindle mononuclear cells.1


id: sajr-233
author: parashari, umesh chandra; khanduri, sachin; bhadury, samarjit; rawat, sugandha
title: Roentgenographic diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis with particular reference to Morquio syndrome
date: 2012-02-07
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1704
sentence: 99
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-233.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-233.txt
summary:
  The incidence of MPS IV (Morquio-Brailsford syndrome, more commonly known as Morquio syndrome) varies with geographic location – about 1 in every 75 000 births in Northern Ireland for Morquio syndrome type A, for example. Patients with Morquio syndrome usually can be clinically distinguished from patients with other forms of MPS in that their intelligence is unimpaired, in contrast with other forms of MPS.


id: sajr-338
author: Joseph, John; Narayanan, Harish; Varghese, Jacob; Babu, Harish; Praveen, A
date: 2011-02-21
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 880
sentence: 42
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-338.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-338.txt
title:
  Imaging features of a rare case of scapuloiliac dysostosis (Kosenow syndrome) in an ambulatory child

summary:
  The support for the femoral head, in the absence of the ilium, seems to be provided by soft tissues such as the surrounding muscles and the fibrous tissue replacing the ilium, as shown by MRI. 6 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • March 2011 CASE REPORT Introduction Scapuloiliac dysostosis, also known as pelvis-shoulder dysplasia and Kosenow syndrome, is a rare skeletal dysplasia described first by Kosenow et al.


id: sajr-383
author: Fani, Gertrude
title: CPD Questionnaire
date: 2011-08-15
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1002
sentence: 57
flesch: 45
cache: cache/sajr-383.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-383.txt
summary:
  B. African histoplasmosis is attributed to H. duboisii infection which most commonly occurs between the Sahara and Kalahari Deserts. C. The most common site of infection is bone, but it can also involve skin. C. Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis resembles tuberculosis.


id: sajr-295
title: SAJR 721
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 904
sentence: 62
flesch: 49
cache: cache/sajr-295.htm
txt: txt/sajr-295.txt
summary:
  Kunimasa K, Jo T, Takaiwa T, Ishida T. Thoracic sandwich sign. Kunimasa K, Jo T, Takaiwa T, Ishida T. Thoracic sandwich sign.


id: sajr-243
title: SAJR 772
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 2776
sentence: 176
flesch: 57
cache: cache/sajr-243.htm
txt: txt/sajr-243.txt
summary:
  It is not uncommon for vertebral artery injury to occur when there are fractures through the transverse foraminae of the first to the sixth vertebral bodies. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern and prevalence of vertebral artery injury on CT angiography (CTA) in patients with cervical spine fractures.


id: sajr-288
title: SAJR 655
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 3796
sentence: 242
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-288.htm
txt: txt/sajr-288.txt
summary:
  To correlate suspected lymphadenopathy on lateral CXR with sagittal CT reconstructions and determine which anatomical group of lymph nodes contributes to each lateral CXR location. Contribution to each zonal group on lateral CXR were from multiple anatomical lymph node sites.


id: sajr-27
author: van der Merwe, D J; Andronikou, S; McGurck, S; Hlongwane, S; Brandt, A
title: Intracranial haemorrhage and the phenomenon of 'T2-blackout'
date: 2007-01-30
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 594
sentence: 45
flesch: 61
cache: cache/sajr-27.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-27.txt
summary:
  Pitfalls and artifacts of DWI imaging. It showed ‘blackout’ (hypointense) on DWI (Fig. 3) and ADC map (Fig. 4).


id: sajr-312
title: A RARE.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 965
sentence: 57
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-312.htm
txt: txt/sajr-312.txt
summary:
  The widely accepted anatomical classification proposed by Shackman5 distinguishes 3 categories of JGI: Type I – afferent loop intussusception (antegrade); Type II – efferent loop intussusception (retrograde); and Type III – combined form. Jejunogastric intussusception presenting with outlet obstruction.


id: sajr-424
author: Dahya, V
title: Infra-cardiac totally anomalous pulmonary venous drainage
date: 2010-06-07
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 872
sentence: 50
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-424.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-424.txt
summary:
  The pulmonary pattern on the earliest radiographs was difficult to definitively diagnose but, with serial radiographs, it became clear that the radiographic pattern was that of pulmonary venous congestion (pulmonary oedema). Recognising pulmonary venous congestion without cardiac enlargement is a difficult radiological assessment but, when recognised, the diagnosis of infra- cardiac TAPVD can be strongly suggested.


id: sajr-353
title: Estimation.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 2961
sentence: 147
flesch: 38
cache: cache/sajr-353.htm
txt: txt/sajr-353.txt
summary:
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the dose delivered to the various groups of radiation workers as a result of external exposure to ionising radiation and to compare the results with dose limits stated by international safety standards.5 , 6 Materials and methods This study was carried out over one year by monitoring occupationally exposed individuals working at medical institutions that agreed to participate in the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Project RAF/9/033 on Medical Exposure Control.12 A list of medical radiation workers indicating job group and age was submitted by each participating hospital. Distribution of annual dose among medical radiation workers by dose range.


id: sajr-360
title: upper.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1117
sentence: 64
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-360.htm
txt: txt/sajr-360.txt
summary:
  Summary Two patients who sustained severe blunt injury to the pelvis without external injury to the upper abdomen or lower chest, yet who were found to have a ruptured solid upper abdominal viscus, are reported. An overview of the pathophysiology of gunshot and blast injury with resuscitation guidelines.


id: sajr-2045
title: sajr-2045
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 799
sentence: 39
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-2045.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2045.txt
summary:
  Although certain areas in radiology have already dichotomised, such as paediatric radiology, musculoskeletal radiology and mammography, on the whole, radiology in South Africa is still dominated by general radiologists. By working together, this will ensure that we expand our intellectual environment, provide the best opinions for our patients and practice safe radiology.


id: sajr-261
title: SAJR 725 + 710
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 884
sentence: 62
flesch: 53
cache: cache/sajr-261.htm
txt: txt/sajr-261.txt
summary:
  Two fetuses with OI Type IIA are presented.  There are three subtypes of OI type II (A, B and C) that are characterised by different radiological features, and may be caused by different genetic faults.1 Two fetuses with OI Type IIA are presented.


id: sajr-226
title: IMAGING.html
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 1959
sentence: 125
flesch: 48
cache: cache/sajr-226.htm
txt: txt/sajr-226.txt
summary:
  The chest CT was done in the arterial phase and showed a hypoplastic right upper lobe bronchus and consequently also a hypoplastic right lung – this explained the mediastinal shift to the right (Fig. 2). 2. Coronal minimum intensity projection (MINIP) showing the hypoplastic right upper lobe bronchus and right lung.


id: sajr-32
author: Evan, P; Pather, C
title: Fat necrosis of the breast - report of three cases
date: 2007-11-27
pages: 3
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1786
sentence: 157
flesch: 67
cache: cache/sajr-32.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-32.txt
summary:
  Benign breast lesions. Nonneoplastic breast calcifications in lipid cysts: development after exci- sion and primary irradiation.


id: sajr-377
author: Mahomed, Nasreen; Sewchuran, Tanusha
title: The fat halo sign
date: 2011-08-15
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1136
sentence: 36
flesch: 41
cache: cache/sajr-377.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-377.txt
summary:
  The sign represents a thromboembolus within a segmental branch of the MCA, M2 or M3 segment, located within the sylvian fissure.3 As the M2 and M3 segmental vessels tend not to course in the transverse plane of imaging, the occluded vessel is seen in cross section, appearing as a hyperattenuating dot within the sylvian fissure.3 While the HMCA sign and MCA dot sign are similar in that they both depict thromboembolus at different levels of the MCA, there are important clinical and prognostic distinctions. HMCA sign.


id: sajr-322
author: Jamieson, Douglas H
title: Irradiating of children: whose responsibility?
date: 2011-05-31
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 1490
sentence: 83
flesch: 46
cache: cache/sajr-322.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-322.txt
summary:
  Reports in the literature from 2002 and 2005 indicate that 30 - 40% of paediatric CT scans are not justified by medical need! It is our responsibility as radiologists to monitor, utilise and advise on the use of diagnostic radiation, especially in children.


id: sajr-345
author: Misser, S K
title: Musculoskeletal diagnosis
date: 2011-02-21
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 729
sentence: 43
flesch: 52
cache: cache/sajr-345.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-345.txt
summary:
  It plays a minor role in (i) maintaining hip stability by reducing excessive movement, (ii) nociception via type iva somatosensory fibres and (iii) minimal femoral head perfusion.1 Byrd et al.2 reported that ligamentum teres tear (LTT) was the third most common finding at arthroscopy in their series of hip arthroscopy in athletes. Hip arthroscopy in athletes.


id: sajr-2022
title: sajr-2022
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 6859
sentence: 336
flesch: 44
cache: cache/sajr-2022.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2022.txt
summary:
  References Guelfguat M, Kaplinskiy V, Reddy SH, DiPoce J. Clinical guidelines for imaging and reporting ingested foreign bodies. 1990;211(04):459–462. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-199004000-00012 Coulier B, Tancredi MH, Ramboux A. Spiral CT and multidetector-row CT diagnosis of perforation of the small intestine caused by ingested foreign bodies.


id: sajr-250
title: SAJR 889
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 908
sentence: 61
flesch: 50
cache: cache/sajr-250.htm
txt: txt/sajr-250.txt
summary:
  SAJR 889 Paediatric neuro-imaging: Diagnosis S K Misser , MB ChB, FCRad (D) SA Lake Smit and Partners, Durban, South Africa Corresponding author: S K Misser (misser@lakesmit.co.za) AJNR 2004;25:1034-1036. 5. Kanekar S, Shively A, Kaneda H. Malformations of ventral induction.


id: sajr-339
author: Ahmed, Aadil
title: Unilateral membranous choanal atresia
date: 2011-02-21
pages: 1
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 404
sentence: 31
flesch: 51
cache: cache/sajr-339.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-339.txt
summary:
  In more than 90% of cases of choanal atresia, the abnormality is partly or completely osseous; pure membranous atresia is rare.1 In choanal atresia, the posterior view provides a look at the abnormality and surrounding anatomical relationships.3 Membranous choanal atresia is usually treated with endoscopic perforation.


id: sajr-271
title: SAJR 866
extension: .htm
mime: application/xhtml+xml
words: 4943
sentence: 324
flesch: 39
cache: cache/sajr-271.htm
txt: txt/sajr-271.txt
summary:
  The regulatory authority practice of outsourcing radiation protection services to board-certified service providers without a national guideline on X-ray equipment performance does not adequately address the country’s radiology quality management needs. Large hospitals, such as the teaching and referral or specialised centres, should consider the establishment of a QA committee whose primary function would be to maintain effective quality management systems among all groups associated with medical X-ray imaging.


id: sajr-2480
title: sajr-2480
extension: .htm
mime: text/html
words: 5939
sentence: 334
flesch: 40
cache: cache/sajr-2480.htm
txt: txt/sajr-2480.txt
summary:
  Results: The mean size of atypical meningiomas (5.9 cm ± 0.7 cm) was significantly higher (p = 0.038, 95% confidence interval The mean cerebral blood flow (CBF) (ASL) of atypical meningiomas (286.70 ± 8.06) was significantly higher (p = 0.0000141, 95% CI) than that of typical meningiomas (161.09 ± 87.04) with a cut-off value of 276.75 (66.7% sensitivity and 75% specificity).


id: sajr-38
author: Bajwa, AK
title: The pulsation sign
date: 2007-11-27
pages: 2
extension: .pdf
mime: application/pdf
words: 581
sentence: 36
flesch: 59
cache: cache/sajr-38.pdf
txt: txt/sajr-38.txt
summary:
  Gradient recalled echo (GRE) sequences are much more susceptible to flow artifacts than spin echo (SE) sequences Thus pulsation artifact can be used as a diagnostic clue, especially in musculoskeletal imaging where it is normally not that marked.


