item: #1 of 946 id: sajr-10 author: None title: SAJR 982 date: None words: 1246 flesch: 50 summary: An MRI (3 Tesla) brain study demonstrated the cribriform pattern in the brain caused by dilated perivascular spaces, which is a diagnostic clue for the presence of MPS. S Afr J Rad 2013;17(4):147-148. A cribriform pattern (otherwise known as ‘honeycombing’ or ‘sieve-like’ appearance) (Figs 2 and 3) was present, caused by dilated perivascular spaces, diffusely involving the bilateral subcortical white matter (WM), centrum semiovale, periventricular deep white matter and corpus callosum. keywords: brain; imaging; spaces cache: sajr-10.htm plain text: sajr-10.txt item: #2 of 946 id: sajr-1005 author: None title: sajr-1005 date: None words: 3781 flesch: 50 summary: Deviations from the true Le Fort types, which are often depicted in the literature as occurring bilaterally and symmetrically, were documented; these included unilaterality, occurrence of several Le Fort fractures on one side of the face, occurrence of several Le Fort fractures on different levels and on different sides of the face, and occurrence of other fractures in addition to Le Fort fractures. Nine patients had Le Fort fractures and additional fractures. keywords: bone; cases; fort; fractures; injuries; le fort; patients; study; trauma cache: sajr-1005.htm plain text: sajr-1005.txt item: #3 of 946 id: sajr-1014 author: None title: sajr-1014 date: None words: 3156 flesch: 44 summary: However, high failure rates, necessitating splenectomy, have been reported for observational NOM alone in patients with American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grades III to V splenic injuries and those demonstrated to have vascular injuries.1,2,3 Splenic artery embolisation (SAE) has increasingly been utilised as an adjunct to NOM in order to improve splenic salvage rates.2,4,5,6,7 Patients with suspected splenic trauma who are candidates for NOM should have a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan to evaluate and grade the extent of injury.4 CT can accurately assess the severity of splenic injury using the AAST grade, estimate the volume of haemoperitoneum, characterise vascular injuries and help direct appropriate therapy.3,8 The primary purpose of this study was to determine the splenic salvage rate in the NOM of blunt splenic injury. Results: Between January 2005 and April 2010, 60 patients with splenic injury following blunt trauma underwent NOM, which included splenic artery embolisation (SAE). keywords: artery; blunt; embolisation; grade; injury; patients; sae; trauma cache: sajr-1014.htm plain text: sajr-1014.txt item: #4 of 946 id: sajr-1019 author: None title: sajr-1019 date: None words: 3596 flesch: 48 summary: Native myocardial T1 mapping by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in subclinical cardiomyopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. T1 mapping in addition to demonstrating low values, felt to result from sphingolipid deposition within the myocardium, has also shown pseudo-normalisation of T1 values in areas of LGE-confirmed scar and sphingolipid deposition. keywords: ecv; heart; imaging; lge; mapping; myocardial; values cache: sajr-1019.htm plain text: sajr-1019.txt item: #5 of 946 id: sajr-1020 author: None title: sajr-1020 date: None words: 4581 flesch: 43 summary: The number of crypts seems to reflect the degree of abnormality, with a maximum of one crypt seen in healthy volunteers and more than one (2–3) often seen in genetic carriage.8 A recent study of developing HCM hearts in mice and humans suggests that crypts are a normal part of embryological development but disappear before birth, except in HCM, where they persist and are more abundant.9 FIGURE 5: Basal inferior crypts; these are best seen in diastole. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2013-305471 Flett AS, Hasleton J, Cook C, et al. Evaluation of techniques for the quantification of myocardial scar of differing etiology using cardiac magnetic resonance. keywords: cardiac; cardiomyopathy; cmr; disease; fibrosis; figure; hcm; hypertrophic; imaging; lge; risk cache: sajr-1020.htm plain text: sajr-1020.txt item: #6 of 946 id: sajr-1022 author: None title: sajr-1022 date: None words: 2626 flesch: 47 summary: However, pericardial sarcoidosis can rarely present as a symptomatic pericardial effusion with or without associated tamponade or as a chronic constrictive pericarditis. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging provides excellent anatomic depiction of the pericardium, vital information on myocardial infiltration and characterisation of mass lesions and pericardial effusions. keywords: figure; images; pericarditis; pericardium; right; ventricle; year cache: sajr-1022.htm plain text: sajr-1022.txt item: #7 of 946 id: sajr-1023 author: None title: sajr-1023 date: None words: 3084 flesch: 45 summary: Valve morphology Number of leaflets Part of the morphological assessment of the cardiac valves is to assess the number of valve leaflets. FIGURE 14: Coronal cine SSFP image of the aortic valve demonstrates a jet (white arrow) distal to the valve as a result of aortic valve stenosis. keywords: aortic; cine; figure; image; leaflet; regurgitation; ssfp; valve cache: sajr-1023.htm plain text: sajr-1023.txt item: #8 of 946 id: sajr-1024 author: None title: sajr-1024 date: None words: 3415 flesch: 54 summary: More advanced processing such as myocardial tagging, T1 and T2 mapping, as well as diffusion imaging is not covered in the article.3 Left ventricular function and mass Studies have demonstrated that there is less variance in LV volume and ejection fraction assessment with CMR in comparison with echocardiography and radionuclide ventriculography, which has led to CMR becoming the gold standard for LV function assessment.4 However, processing CMR images of LV function can be daunting to the uninitiated and it is useful to have an approach that will guide the beginner through the process. FIGURE 12: Phase contrast images perpendicular to the pulmonary valve. keywords: assessment; cine; end; figure; image; phase; slice cache: sajr-1024.htm plain text: sajr-1024.txt item: #9 of 946 id: sajr-1029 author: None title: sajr-1029 date: None words: 305 flesch: 57 summary: FIGURE 2: Sagittal (a) and (b) axial images of the abdomen in venous phase after intravenous contrast administration. FIGURE 7: Axial SWI MR images (a and b). keywords: figure cache: sajr-1029.htm plain text: sajr-1029.txt item: #10 of 946 id: sajr-1034 author: None title: sajr-1034 date: None words: 3744 flesch: 39 summary: According to Hall et al., lack of formal instruction for residents in reporting skills is because of a lack of consensus about what constitutes a good radiology report.15 In a study by Tsang et al., it was demonstrated that US report auditing with implementation of US skills training improves the accuracy rate of US reports of patients with obstructive jaundice.1 Recommendation of further imaging or other diagnostic tests and intervention is part of an efficient radiological report and helps facilitate further imaging and management of patients, especially when the US report is inconclusive.8,9 Objectives The objectives of the study were: to determine the diagnostic adequacy of US reports by application of a novel scoring system and to compare US report adequacy among practitioners of varying levels of experience (sonographers, junior doctors, senior doctors and consultants). keywords: adequacy; bile; cause; jaundice; level; obstruction; patients; radiology; reports cache: sajr-1034.htm plain text: sajr-1034.txt item: #11 of 946 id: sajr-1036 author: None title: sajr-1036 date: None words: 1434 flesch: 43 summary: The posterior pituitary and median eminence of the hypothalamus are derived from the neuroectoderm at the base of the forebrain, and the infundibulum or pituitary stalk originates from the ventromedial hypothalamus. Introduction Typically, pituitary adenomas are intrasellar in location, but infrequently, pituitary tumours may occur ectopically within pituitary rests. keywords: adenoma; case; ectopic; pituitary; stalk cache: sajr-1036.htm plain text: sajr-1036.txt item: #12 of 946 id: sajr-1044 author: None title: sajr-1044 date: None words: 3081 flesch: 45 summary: In the period prior to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the prognosis is poor once the cardiovascular system is affected, which is related in part to the late stage of the disease as well as the fact that certain cardiac complications are in themselves a prominent cause of death.9 In developed countries, coronary artery disease is the most common manifestation, mainly owing to accelerated atherosclerosis in patients on ART treatment.10 Amongst HIV survivors in Botswana, there is a high prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) in younger patients, which conceivably can lead to an increase in mortality owing to premature CVD in these populations.11 In sub-Saharan Africa, however, pericardial tuberculosis and its sequelae, myocarditis and cardiomyopathy still comprise the predominant CVD presentations.12 CMR is a highly reliable modality used to assess myocardial morphology and function;13 however, the majority of, if not all, CMR studies in HIV-infected patients have been performed on patients already receiving ART therapy.14,15,16 Consequently, the objective of the present study was to assess the frequency and type of cardiovascular manifestations on CMR in patients with HIV infection who were not yet on treatment with ART, versus a control group who were HIV-uninfected and with no known overt CVD. Comprehensive cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy reveal a high burden of myocardial disease in HIV patients. keywords: africa; analysis; cardiac; cardiovascular; cmr; disease; hiv; patients; study cache: sajr-1044.htm plain text: sajr-1044.txt item: #13 of 946 id: sajr-1045 author: None title: sajr-1045 date: None words: 1201 flesch: 51 summary: Abstract There is an escalation in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Although the epidemic is already rampant in many parts of the world, for example South East Asia, Eastern Europe and the Gulf states, sub-Saharan Africa is particularly vulnerable due to the multitude of challenges. keywords: africa; cardiovascular; disease; imaging; south cache: sajr-1045.htm plain text: sajr-1045.txt item: #14 of 946 id: sajr-1046 author: None title: sajr-1046 date: None words: 4072 flesch: 42 summary: Safety protocol and pre- and post-MRI ICD interrogation Multidisciplinary collaboration and strategic planning are important for establishing a successful program for MRI in device patients. Whilst CMR in device patients has been reported at 3T,24 we have chosen to restrict studies to 1.5T. keywords: artifact; cardiac; devices; echo; icd; imaging; inversion; lge; mri; patients; pulse; resonance; sequence cache: sajr-1046.htm plain text: sajr-1046.txt item: #15 of 946 id: sajr-1048 author: None title: sajr-1048 date: None words: 4299 flesch: 40 summary: We then introduce an imaging modality with which readers are probably unfamiliar (electroanatomical mapping [EAM]), but which is routinely used by electrophysiologists to plan and guide cardiac mapping and cardiac ablation therapy by catheter, a therapy which can reduce or even cure arrhythmia. An increasingly popular procedure that can improve or cure arrhythmia is cardiac ablation therapy, which uses catheters to create thermal burns on the surface of the myocardium, to destroy arrhythmogenic foci or pathways. keywords: ablation; anatomy; cardiac; catheter; figure; imaging; lesions; mri; scar; therapy cache: sajr-1048.htm plain text: sajr-1048.txt item: #16 of 946 id: sajr-1053 author: None title: sajr-1053 date: None words: 306 flesch: 55 summary: FIGURE 3: Axial CT images of the upper abdomen: (a) pre-contrast study; (b) arterial phase; (c) portal venous phase. FIGURE 4: Axial CT images of the lower lung fields (a) and at the level of the left ventricle (b). keywords: figure cache: sajr-1053.htm plain text: sajr-1053.txt item: #17 of 946 id: sajr-1055 author: None title: sajr-1055 date: None words: 5746 flesch: 37 summary: Diagnostic and prognostic value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies. Insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. keywords: cardiomyopathy; cardiovascular; cmr; diagnosis; disease; fibrosis; figure; gadolinium; heart; imaging; lge; myocardial; resonance; wall cache: sajr-1055.htm plain text: sajr-1055.txt item: #18 of 946 id: sajr-1059 author: None title: sajr-1059 date: None words: 4276 flesch: 55 summary: The reporting of breast imaging has been standardised internationally using the Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System (BI-RADS), which includes guidelines for reporting of breast lesions and further management. Ultrasound-guided core-needle breast (UGCNB) biopsy is a widely used method of obtaining histological diagnoses of breast lesions to assist with planning definitive management. keywords: biopsy; breast; category; lesions; patients; rads; study; ultrasound cache: sajr-1059.htm plain text: sajr-1059.txt item: #19 of 946 id: sajr-1060 author: None title: sajr-1060 date: None words: 3079 flesch: 46 summary: Sekhon et al.14 reported a strong correlation between ICP and ONSD measured on CT using a retro-orbital cut-off value of 6.0 mm; they also found that ONSD measurement was a much better predictor of ICP than traditional CT findings such as sulcal and basal cisternal effacement, ventricular compression and cerebral herniation. Possible reasons for the difference in the published ONSD cut-off values for predicting elevated ICP include the different imaging modalities used for ONSD measurement, inter-observer variability and the distance behind the globe where the measurements were taken. keywords: elevated; icp; measurement; nerve; optic; patients; pressure cache: sajr-1060.htm plain text: sajr-1060.txt item: #20 of 946 id: sajr-1063 author: None title: sajr-1063 date: None words: 1483 flesch: 38 summary: It is estimated that only 5% of all intussusceptions occur in adults, and only 1% – 5% of bowel obstructions in adults are the result of an intussusception.3 The majority of cases in adults are because of the secondary causes with an identifiable lead point discovered intra-operatively.1,3 Conversely, paediatric causes are usually primary and can be managed non-operatively with pneumatic enema in 80% of patients.1 Case presentation A 24-year-old male patient known with retroviral disease and previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) presented with a 1-day history of sudden right iliac fossa pain associated with emesis and obstipation. Abdominal radiographs are typically non-specific but may demonstrate the presence and level of bowel obstruction. keywords: adult; bowel; intussusception; lead; point cache: sajr-1063.htm plain text: sajr-1063.txt item: #21 of 946 id: sajr-1080 author: None title: sajr-1080 date: None words: 3829 flesch: 44 summary: The most common MRI findings (Figures 1–3) in the symptomatic shoulders were supraspinatus partial tear (45.5% in symptomatic shoulders vs. 20.7% in asymptomatic shoulders), subacromial subdeltoid fluid (45.5% vs. 34.5%), increased signal in the AC Joint (45.5% vs. 37.9%), supraspinatus tendinosis (36.4% vs. 10.3%) and AC joint arthrosis (36.4% vs. 34.5%). Asymptomatic shoulders demonstrate manifold MRI abnormalities that may be radiologically significant but appear not to be clinically significant. keywords: asymptomatic; findings; imaging; joint; mri; shoulders; study; supraspinatus; swimmers cache: sajr-1080.htm plain text: sajr-1080.txt item: #22 of 946 id: sajr-1088 author: None title: sajr-1088 date: None words: 2023 flesch: 44 summary: A final diagnosis was made of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome associated with vasospastic ischaemic change in both hemispheres (especially left frontal lobe) secondary to post-operative state, severe blood loss and haemotransfusion. The clinical and radiological spectrum of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome: A prospective series of 67 patients. keywords: blood; figure; images; mri; rcvs; right; vasoconstriction cache: sajr-1088.htm plain text: sajr-1088.txt item: #23 of 946 id: sajr-1092 author: None title: sajr-1092 date: None words: 4036 flesch: 44 summary: Since the 2016 RCR Observership, the CR has employed a part-time IT consultant to configure the digital oral examination and to manage a central repository of oral examination cases. For the past 5 years the CR has employed a part-time IT consultant to configure the LCR examination and to manage a central repository of LCR examination cases. keywords: candidates; college; diag(sa; examination; radiologists; royal; royal college cache: sajr-1092.htm plain text: sajr-1092.txt item: #24 of 946 id: sajr-1093 author: None title: sajr-1093 date: None words: 3598 flesch: 48 summary: An assessment of the accuracy of contrast enema for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease at a South African tertiary hospital. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v21i1.1093 Original Research An assessment of the accuracy of contrast enema for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease at a South African tertiary hospital Monica S. Msomi, Hansraj Mangray, Vicci du Plessis Received: 16 Sept. 2016; Accepted: 17 Jan. 2017; Published: 30 Mar. 2017 Copyright: keywords: contrast; disease; enema; hirschsprung; patients; results; study cache: sajr-1093.htm plain text: sajr-1093.txt item: #25 of 946 id: sajr-1099 author: None title: sajr-1099 date: None words: 4071 flesch: 45 summary: FC is the most predominant thyroid cancer in our loco-regional environment, indicating the need for improvement in preoperative diagnostic accuracy of thyroid nodules to ensure appropriate and timely interventions. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the role of technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) scintigraphy and ultrasonography (USG) in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. keywords: 99mtc; malignancy; mibi; nodules; patients; scintigraphy; study; thyroid; ultrasonography; usg cache: sajr-1099.htm plain text: sajr-1099.txt item: #26 of 946 id: sajr-11 author: None title: SAJR CME AUG date: None words: 3375 flesch: 43 summary: Localisation of well-differentiated NETs is performed by using labelled analogues of somatostatin, or molecules concentrated by NETs.3 Staging and planning of targeted radiotherapy require functional techniques, while anatomical imaging is important for monitoring disease and planning of surgery (Fig. 2). Liver lesions Functional imaging with characteristic scintigraphic patterns can assist with the identification of liver lesions detected on anatomical imaging (Fig. 7). keywords: blood; disease; fig; imaging; mri; pet cache: sajr-11.htm plain text: sajr-11.txt item: #27 of 946 id: sajr-1108 author: None title: sajr-1108 date: None words: 3469 flesch: 53 summary: FIGURE 13: (a) Supine 3D view with inflated balloon showing internal haemorrhoid (black arrow); (b) Prone 3D view with deflated balloon showing polypoidal haemorrhoids (black arrows); (c) Prone 2D axial view with deflated balloon showing large haemorrhoids (*); (d) 3D supine view of inflated balloon. (b) 2D sagittal view showing the three valves of Houston in the rectum: superior (black arrow), middle (red arrow), inferior (white arrow). keywords: arrow; balloon; black; catheter; figure; view; white cache: sajr-1108.htm plain text: sajr-1108.txt item: #28 of 946 id: sajr-1112 author: None title: sajr-1112 date: None words: 3175 flesch: 40 summary: Apart from Japan, where cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is the principle extrapulmonary manifestation and commonest cause of death, in the rest of the world respiratory failure is the leading cause of death.4 TABLE 1: Spectrum of disorders associated with sarcoidosis referable to each organ system.3,4,5,6,7,8,9 Sarcoidosis occurs in genetically susceptible individuals who are exposed to certain suspected environmental agents. Yoshida Y, Morimoto S, Hiramitsu S, et al. Incidence of cardiac sarcoidosis in Japanese patients with high-degree atrioventricular block. keywords: areas; cardiac; disease; enhancement; figure; granulomas; hepatic; imaging; sarcoidosis cache: sajr-1112.htm plain text: sajr-1112.txt item: #29 of 946 id: sajr-1118 author: None title: sajr-1118 date: None words: 1264 flesch: 36 summary: Features that favour the diagnosis of cherubism include bilateral mandibular involvement and limitation to the mandible. The diagnosis, therefore, depends on clinico-radiological findings.2,3 Radiographic differential diagnoses for cherubism include cranio-facial fibrous dysplasia, Brown tumour of hyperparathyroidism, familial gigantiform cementoma,2,4 and central giant cell granuloma.3,5,6 Cherubism and fibrous dysplasia can be distinguished clinically and histologically. keywords: case; cherubism; mandible; report cache: sajr-1118.htm plain text: sajr-1118.txt item: #30 of 946 id: sajr-1122 author: None title: sajr-1122 date: None words: 456 flesch: 47 summary: Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. About the Author(s) Kevin Daffue Department of Clinical Imaging Science, University of the Free State, South Africa Citation Daffue K. Computed tomography stroke findings and population demographics at Pelonomi Hospital, Bloemfontein. keywords: imaging; stroke; university cache: sajr-1122.htm plain text: sajr-1122.txt item: #31 of 946 id: sajr-1123 author: None title: sajr-1123 date: None words: 485 flesch: 30 summary: Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr. Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. With a high index of suspicion for lymphoma, the child underwent multiple imaging modalities including chest and long bone radiography, abdominal ultrasound, contrast-enhanced chest and abdominal computed tomography (CT), with positron emission tomography (PET) and chest and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). keywords: imaging; professor; university cache: sajr-1123.htm plain text: sajr-1123.txt item: #32 of 946 id: sajr-1124 author: None title: sajr-1124 date: None words: 463 flesch: 35 summary: Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr. Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. About the Author(s) Gopolang Magano Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Tanyia Pillay Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Susan Lucus Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Citation Magano G. Pillay T. Lucus S. Paediatric doctors’ error rate in detection of paediatric elbow injuries in Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital. keywords: paediatric; university cache: sajr-1124.htm plain text: sajr-1124.txt item: #33 of 946 id: sajr-1125 author: None title: sajr-1125 date: None words: 469 flesch: 35 summary: Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr. Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. Aim: The aim of this study was to critically assess the quality of thyroid ultrasound reports generated at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital (CMJAH), a training hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa. keywords: quality; thyroid cache: sajr-1125.htm plain text: sajr-1125.txt item: #34 of 946 id: sajr-1126 author: None title: sajr-1126 date: None words: 398 flesch: 31 summary: Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. About the Author(s) Lisel V. Richter-Joubert Department of Radiology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa Donovan Jacobs Department of Radiology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa Tracy Kilborn Department of Radiology, Red Cross Children’s War Memorial Hospital, University of Cape Town, South Africa Citation Richter-Joubert LV. keywords: imaging; university cache: sajr-1126.htm plain text: sajr-1126.txt item: #35 of 946 id: sajr-1127 author: None title: sajr-1127 date: None words: 504 flesch: 37 summary: Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. In total, 304 (7.4%) s-CXRs had significant findings (95% CI; 6.6%–8.2%), 464 (11.2%) had insignificant findings and 76 (1.8%) had both. keywords: south cache: sajr-1127.htm plain text: sajr-1127.txt item: #36 of 946 id: sajr-1129 author: None title: sajr-1129 date: None words: 494 flesch: 42 summary: Background: Chronic venous insufficiency is an important complication following ileofemoral deep venous thrombosis. Methods: All patients who had undergone PMT for ileofemoral deep venous thrombosis (IFDVT) between August 2009 and January 2016 were invited to return for clinical assessment and venous ultrasound study. keywords: health sciences; university; venous cache: sajr-1129.htm plain text: sajr-1129.txt item: #37 of 946 id: sajr-1133 author: None title: sajr-1133 date: None words: 1460 flesch: 51 summary: FIGURE 3: Axial T1-weighted MR image shows a heterogeneous mass lesion in left parietal bone causing bone destruction. Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) revealed a well-defined heterogeneous hyperdense mass lesion centred on the left parietal bone causing bone destruction, compressing the adjacent brain parenchyma and bulging into the scalp. keywords: bone; case; lesion; mass; plasmacytoma cache: sajr-1133.htm plain text: sajr-1133.txt item: #38 of 946 id: sajr-1139 author: None title: sajr-1139 date: None words: 498 flesch: 35 summary: Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. Paediatric DRLs (n = 14, 26%) constituted approximately one-quarter of published work. keywords: countries; imaging; university cache: sajr-1139.htm plain text: sajr-1139.txt item: #39 of 946 id: sajr-1140 author: None title: sajr-1140 date: None words: 428 flesch: 27 summary: Pillay T. A presentation of a recent case series on VACTERL associations. Conference Abstract A presentation of a recent case series on VACTERL associations Cornelis van der Merwe, Kelly H. Hoffmann, Tanyia Pillay Copyright: © 2017. keywords: university; vacterl cache: sajr-1140.htm plain text: sajr-1140.txt item: #40 of 946 id: sajr-1141 author: None title: sajr-1141 date: None words: 462 flesch: 39 summary: Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. Method: We adhere to the Radiological Society of South Africa (RSSA)/South African Society of Paediatric Imaging’s (SASPI) guidelines. keywords: age; imaging cache: sajr-1141.htm plain text: sajr-1141.txt item: #41 of 946 id: sajr-1142 author: None title: sajr-1142 date: None words: 581 flesch: 36 summary: Results and conclusion: The results show a strong ability for laypeople to identify normal versus abnormal MRI brain studies using Mercator maps. Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. keywords: bristol; united kingdom; university cache: sajr-1142.htm plain text: sajr-1142.txt item: #42 of 946 id: sajr-1143 author: None title: sajr-1143 date: None words: 345 flesch: 20 summary: Aim: An educational poster on a radiological approach to aspirated non-radiodense foreign bodies. About the Author(s) Sunette Claassens Department of Paediatric Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Charl Verwey Organisational Unit of Paediatric Pulmonology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Tanyia Pillay Department of Paediatric Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Citation Claassens S, Verwey C, Pillay T. An approach to non-radiodense aspirated foreign bodies in the paediatric patient. keywords: paediatric; university cache: sajr-1143.htm plain text: sajr-1143.txt item: #43 of 946 id: sajr-1146 author: None title: sajr-1146 date: None words: 518 flesch: 30 summary: Aim: To describe the technical aspects of producing 3D printed models of the brain in children using examples of children with term partial prolonged HII as well as age matched controls and to provide completed models for public consideration. Assessing the viability of 3D printed brain models derived from MRI scan data in the communication of complex patterns of hypoxic ischaemic injury to lay-people. keywords: bristol; university cache: sajr-1146.htm plain text: sajr-1146.txt item: #44 of 946 id: sajr-1149 author: None title: sajr-1149 date: None words: 554 flesch: 28 summary: There was no statistically significant difference between infants and children (> 12 months) with reference to the frequency and distribution of airway compressions, lymphadenopathy and parenchymal findings. Conclusion: As opposed to older children, infants’ airways are more susceptible to complete airway compression as a result of LBTB. keywords: children; infants; university cache: sajr-1149.htm plain text: sajr-1149.txt item: #45 of 946 id: sajr-115 author: Duncan, Ian C. title: Coming of age date: 2004-06-09 words: 439 flesch: 45 summary: The editorial committee has also been changed with immediate effect, and now consists of Professor Coert de Vries (Deputy Editor) (University of the Free State), Professor Leonie Scholtz (University of Pretoria), Professor Darius Tsatsi (MEDUNSA), Dr Savvas Andronikou (University of Cape Town), Professor Peter Corr (University of KwaZulu-Natal), Professor Alan Scher (University of Stellenbosch), Professor Steve Beningfield (University of Cape Town), and Dr Malan van Rensburg (private practice, Pretoria). Many thanks go to Professor J P van Niekerk for his encouragement and sup- port in making this transition and for facilitating our growth. keywords: journal; professor cache: sajr-115.pdf plain text: sajr-115.txt item: #46 of 946 id: sajr-1150 author: None title: sajr-1150 date: None words: 566 flesch: 34 summary: Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr. Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. Curved reformat of the paediatric brain into a ‘Mercator/flat-earth map’ – A standardised method for demonstrating cortical surface atrophy resulting from hypoxic ischaemic injury. keywords: bristol; imaging; university cache: sajr-1150.htm plain text: sajr-1150.txt item: #47 of 946 id: sajr-1152 author: None title: sajr-1152 date: None words: 490 flesch: 43 summary: Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. Objectives: To establish local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs) for emergency paediatric head computed tomography (CT) scans performed at a South African tertiary-level hospital and to compare these with published data. keywords: imaging; university; years cache: sajr-1152.htm plain text: sajr-1152.txt item: #48 of 946 id: sajr-1153 author: None title: sajr-1153 date: None words: 489 flesch: 29 summary: Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. About the Author(s) Sarah Arthur Department of Paediatrics, Severn Deanery, United Kingdom Savvas Andronikou Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, University of Bristol, United Kingdom Citation Arthur S, Andronikou S. Technical report: ‘Flat earth lung’ a curved multiplanar reconstruction for demonstration and follow-up of scattered metastatic lung nodules in children. keywords: imaging; lung; university cache: sajr-1153.htm plain text: sajr-1153.txt item: #49 of 946 id: sajr-1154 author: None title: sajr-1154 date: None words: 422 flesch: 35 summary: Extracutaneous lesions are less common with most systemic lesions reported in the liver, spleen, lung, eye, central nervous system and bones. This non-Langerhans cell histiocytic disorder, as we know it, is a benign proliferative disorder manifesting as cutaneous lesions in young children. keywords: hospital; south; university cache: sajr-1154.htm plain text: sajr-1154.txt item: #50 of 946 id: sajr-1159 author: None title: sajr-1159 date: None words: 362 flesch: 21 summary: Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr. Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. This conference abstract is partially based on the following publication: Kaloianova M, Naidoo J, Thomson H, Bhengu L. Krabbe disease – An unusual presentation of optic nerve enlargement. keywords: south; university cache: sajr-1159.htm plain text: sajr-1159.txt item: #51 of 946 id: sajr-116 author: Committee, Editorial title: Message from the new editorial committee date: 2004-06-09 words: 921 flesch: 48 summary: To further encourage the submission of articles an annu- al prize will be awarded for the best articles from a registrar and a qualified radi- ologist, as judged by the editorial committee. Note that electronic submission of articles will greatly expedite the review process, and that authors will be expect- ed to adhere to the standard publication format (see Instructions for Authors). keywords: articles; editorial; journal cache: sajr-116.pdf plain text: sajr-116.txt item: #52 of 946 id: sajr-1160 author: None title: sajr-1160 date: None words: 302 flesch: 28 summary: Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. About the Author(s) Heleen Hanekom Department of Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Tanyia Pillay Department of Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Derek Harrison Department of Paediatric Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Talietha Minnis Department of Radiology, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa Citation Hanekom H, Pillay T, Harrison D, Minnis T. Paediatric gastrointestinal volvulus: keywords: south; university cache: sajr-1160.htm plain text: sajr-1160.txt item: #53 of 946 id: sajr-1161 author: None title: sajr-1161 date: None words: 454 flesch: 35 summary: Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. There was a statistically significant difference in the quality of chest radiographs of children aged 0 months – 18 months and those aged 37 months – 156 months (p < 0.05). keywords: chest; radiographs cache: sajr-1161.htm plain text: sajr-1161.txt item: #54 of 946 id: sajr-1162 author: None title: sajr-1162 date: None words: 528 flesch: 29 summary: Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. Patterns of the cortical watershed continuum of term gestation hypoxic ischaemic injury – The ‘wish-bone sign’. keywords: bristol; university; watershed cache: sajr-1162.htm plain text: sajr-1162.txt item: #55 of 946 id: sajr-1163 author: None title: sajr-1163 date: None words: 415 flesch: 24 summary: Background: Pulmonary underdevelopment is categorised into three groups: pulmonary agenesis, pulmonary aplasia and pulmonary hypoplasia. Pulmonary agenesis is the complete absence of the lung parenchyma, bronchus and lung vasculature. keywords: imaging; university cache: sajr-1163.htm plain text: sajr-1163.txt item: #56 of 946 id: sajr-1164 author: None title: sajr-1164 date: None words: 430 flesch: 44 summary: Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. The role of post-mortem computed tomography in assault victims with head trauma in central South Africa. keywords: south; university cache: sajr-1164.htm plain text: sajr-1164.txt item: #57 of 946 id: sajr-1165 author: None title: sajr-1165 date: None words: 498 flesch: 26 summary: About the Author(s) Sucari S.C. Vlok Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tygerberg Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa Sam W. Moore Department of Paediatric Surgery, Tygerberg Hospital, University of Stellenbosch South Africa Pawel T. Schubert Department Anatomical Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital South Africa Richard D. Pitcher Department of Radiodiagnosis, Tygerberg Hospital, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa Citation Vlok SSC, Moore SW, Schubert PT, Pitcher RD. Faculty collaborators: Professor Kassa Darge (Body Imaging, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA), Professor Edward Lee (Thoracic Imaging, Harvard University, USA), Professor Beverley Newman (Cardiac Imaging, Stanford University, California, USA), Professor Kimberly Applegate (Image Gently and Body Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, USA) and Professor Savvas Andronikou (Thoracic Imaging, University of Bristol, UK) supported by South African Paediatric Radiologists, co-ordinated by Dr Jaishree Naidoo, President of the African Society of Paediatric Imaging and Head of Division of Paediatric Radiology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital. keywords: imaging; south; university cache: sajr-1165.htm plain text: sajr-1165.txt item: #58 of 946 id: sajr-117 author: Duncan, Ian C. title: The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPSS) procedure - a review date: 2004-06-09 words: 3013 flesch: 52 summary: Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts in patients with portal vein occlusion. Histopathologic study of stenotic and occluded transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. keywords: hepatic; portal; portosystemic; shunt; tipss; transjugular; variceal; vein cache: sajr-117.pdf plain text: sajr-117.txt item: #59 of 946 id: sajr-118 author: Duncan, Ian C; Fourie, P.A.; le Grange, C.E.; van der Walt, H.A. title: Endovascular treatment of intractable epistaxis - results of a 4-year local audit date: 2004-06-09 words: 5340 flesch: 47 summary: Nasal packing has a reported failure rate of 26 - 52% and a complication rate of 69%.14,16 Complications related to packing include nasal trauma, vaso- vagal response, aspiration, displace- ment of the packing, persistent bleed- ing, infection, toxic shock syndrome and hypoxia.15,17 Surgical approaches include transantral ligation of the dis- tal IMAX and ligation of the ethmoid arteries for superior epistaxis.3 More recently endoscopic cauterisation and arterial ligation techniques have been described, although these are techni- cally more demanding.18-20 Since the advent of nasal embolisation in 1974,7 the endovascular management of epistaxis has become an established alternative to surgical ligation. Average costs per embolisation procedure Year Rands US dollars ($1 = R8) 1999 R 16 628 US$2 078 2000 R 15 993 US$1 999 2001 R 18 551 US$2 319 2002 R 22 761 US$2 845 2003 R 22 136 US$2 767 The above excludes all hospitalisation costs and professional private fees for the referring ENT specialist and anaesthetist. keywords: arterial; artery; bleeding; cases; complication; embolisation; epistaxis; imax; ligation; nasal; patients; rate; treatment cache: sajr-118.pdf plain text: sajr-118.txt item: #60 of 946 id: sajr-1180 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2017-01-18 words: 444 flesch: 39 summary: SAJR 19_1&2 Book File.indb Reviewer Acknowledgement Open Accesshttp://www.sajr.org.za Page 1 of 1 The editorial team of SA Journal of Radiology recognises the value and importance of peer reviewers in the overall publication process – not only in shaping individual manuscripts, but also in shaping the credibility and reputation of our journal. It is good practice as a reviewer to update your personal details regularly to ensure contact with you throughout your professional term as reviewer to SA Journal of Radiology. keywords: journal; radiology; reviewers cache: sajr-1180.pdf plain text: sajr-1180.txt item: #61 of 946 id: sajr-1181 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2017-01-18 words: 444 flesch: 39 summary: SAJR 19_1&2 Book File.indb Reviewer Acknowledgement Open Accesshttp://www.sajr.org.za Page 1 of 1 The editorial team of SA Journal of Radiology recognises the value and importance of peer reviewers in the overall publication process – not only in shaping individual manuscripts, but also in shaping the credibility and reputation of our journal. It is good practice as a reviewer to update your personal details regularly to ensure contact with you throughout your professional term as reviewer to SA Journal of Radiology. keywords: journal; radiology; reviewers cache: sajr-1181.pdf plain text: sajr-1181.txt item: #62 of 946 id: sajr-1182 author: None title: sajr-1182 date: None words: 455 flesch: 36 summary: Are cranial ultrasound requests and reports adequate at two academic hospitals in Johannesburg? Conference Abstract Are cranial ultrasound requests and reports adequate at two academic hospitals in Johannesburg? Ntebogang P. Mutshutshu, Linda T. Hlabangana Copyright: © 2017. keywords: imaging; university cache: sajr-1182.htm plain text: sajr-1182.txt item: #63 of 946 id: sajr-1183 author: None title: sajr-1183 date: None words: 1298 flesch: 43 summary: This article discusses the presentation and typical radiological appearance of extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma and the differential diagnoses with their radiological appearances. Clinical features and outcomes in patients with extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma. keywords: ewing; extraskeletal; mass; sarcoma cache: sajr-1183.htm plain text: sajr-1183.txt item: #64 of 946 id: sajr-1184 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2017-01-27 words: 440 flesch: 31 summary: SAJR 20(1).indb Reviewer Acknowledgement Open Accesshttp://www.sajr.org.za Page 1 of 1 The editorial team of SA Journal of Radiology recognises the value and importance of peer reviewers in the overall publication process – not only in shaping individual manuscripts, but also in shaping the credibility and reputation of our journal. It is good practice as a reviewer to update your personal details regularly to ensure contact with you throughout your professional term as reviewer to SA Journal of Radiology. keywords: journal; radiology cache: sajr-1184.pdf plain text: sajr-1184.txt item: #65 of 946 id: sajr-1186 author: None title: sajr-1186 date: None words: 1854 flesch: 46 summary: There are also other reports of mycotic aneurysms, although extremely rare, regressing on antibiotic therapy alone.8,9 Conclusion Relatively healthy HIV-infected patients presenting with a single, large vessel, arterial aneurysm must always be screened for other large aneurysms from the neck to the popliteal regions. As the patient lacked any clinical signs of being acutely ill, the diagnosis of multiple aneurysm formation in HIV infection was favoured rather than that of a multiple mycotic aneurysms. keywords: aneurysms; case; formation; hiv; patients; vessel cache: sajr-1186.htm plain text: sajr-1186.txt item: #66 of 946 id: sajr-1188 author: None title: sajr-1188 date: None words: 1597 flesch: 50 summary: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00117-015-2816-x Kisielewicz K, Truszkiewicz A, Wach S, Wasilewska-Radwańska M. Evaluation of dose area product vs. patient dose in diagnostic X-ray units. Limiting foetal doses during a four-vessel angiogram and endovascular stent-assisted berry aneurysm repair: A case report. keywords: aneurysm; case; dose; patient; radiation cache: sajr-1188.htm plain text: sajr-1188.txt item: #67 of 946 id: sajr-1189 author: None title: sajr-1189 date: None words: 5302 flesch: 41 summary: Left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV), left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV), left common trunk (LCT), right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV), right inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV), left atrium (LA); (b) Three-dimensional model. Left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV), left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV), right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV), middle lobe pulmonary vein (MLPV), first right inferior pulmonary vein (1st RIPV), second right inferior pulmonary vein (2nd RIPV) and third right inferior pulmonary vein (3rd RIPV). keywords: common; figure; left; lobe; middle; pulmonary; right; vein; venous cache: sajr-1189.htm plain text: sajr-1189.txt item: #68 of 946 id: sajr-119 author: Stipp, J.; Holl, J.; Scholtz, L. title: Is the routine use of intravenous contrast justified in the work-up of adult-onset seizure patients with a normal pre-contrast brain scan? date: 2004-06-09 words: 1551 flesch: 58 summary: Normal post-contrast study (including age-related changes and normal variants). Scan findings Normal post-contrast studies Normal pre-contrast 186 Age-related changes 11 Normal variants 8 22 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • October 2004 work-up, highlighting the necessity for MRI under these circumstances. keywords: contrast; patients; pre; scan; study cache: sajr-119.pdf plain text: sajr-119.txt item: #69 of 946 id: sajr-1197 author: None title: sajr-1197 date: None words: 2992 flesch: 50 summary: Du Trevou et al. reported vascular injuries in 12% of patients with transcranial stab injuries and this study served to highlight the importance of early digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in patients with PHI for detection of vascular injuries. Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Study limitations Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Susan W. Karanja Department of Neurosurgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Rohen Harrichandparsad Department of Neurosurgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Duncan Royston Department of Radiology, Entabeni Hospital, South Africa Samson M. Motebejane Department of Neurosurgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Ayesha Mitha Department of Radiology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Hospital, South Africa Citation Karanja SW, Harrichandparsad R, Royston D, Motebejane SM, Mitha A. Comparing computed tomography (CT) angiography versus digital subtraction angiography for the screening of traumatic pseudoaneurysms in transcranial stab injuries. keywords: angiography; cta; dsa; injuries; injury; patients; stab; vascular cache: sajr-1197.htm plain text: sajr-1197.txt item: #70 of 946 id: sajr-12 author: None title: SAJR 1020 date: None words: 1762 flesch: 45 summary: The single umbilical artery was noted to be present more commonly in VA, and it was suggested by Temtamy et al.4 shortly after the initial description that V in VATER should include vascular, in addition to vertebral abnormalities. Recently, sonar has been introduced as a useful modality in the assessment of vertebral defects. keywords: association; defects; diagnosis; syndrome; vater cache: sajr-12.htm plain text: sajr-12.txt item: #71 of 946 id: sajr-120 author: Sharma, V.; Majeed, U.; Joseph, D.; Lindikile, S.; Madhoo, N.; Copelyn, H.; Kotzen, J.; Mohiuddin, M.; Donde, B.; van der Merwe, D. title: Treatment optimisation using external beam radiation in gynaecological cancers date: 2004-06-09 words: 1091 flesch: 49 summary: Discussion Most patients with gynaecological cancers present with advanced stages in which external beam radiation is the main component of treatment.1,2 The treatment field size used should be optimised to control the disease with minimum side-effects. With the modified technique using the internal obturator application for delineating the lower border of vaginal disease or vault, it was possible to decrease the length of field thereby reducing the chances of treatment-related toxicity, especially groin and vulval reactions, as well as avoiding treatment inter- ruptions. keywords: obturator; treatment cache: sajr-120.pdf plain text: sajr-120.txt item: #72 of 946 id: sajr-1207 author: None title: sajr-1207 date: None words: 1903 flesch: 43 summary: FIGURE 2: Axial fluid attenuation inversion recovery sequence showing small sized left cerebral peduncle because of Wallerian degeneration (arrow) with left cerebral hemiatrophy. FIGURE 3: (a) Axial fluid attenuation inversion recovery sequence; (b) Coronal T2 sequence showing gliosis in left parieto-occipital region (arrow) with left cerebral hemiatrophy and ex-vacuo dilatation of the left lateral ventricle (arrow). keywords: cerebral; d.y; patil; patil medical; syndrome cache: sajr-1207.htm plain text: sajr-1207.txt item: #73 of 946 id: sajr-121 author: Corr, P. title: Focal fatty infiltration and focal fatty sparing of the liver date: 2004-06-09 words: 1379 flesch: 56 summary: Radiologists should always remember to include an unen- hanced CT study in their liver imaging protocols and to measure the CT den- sity of focal liver lesions if they are unsure of the diagnosis. Ultrasonic hepatic pseudole- sions: normal parenchyma mimicking mass lesions in fatty liver. keywords: fatty; focal; infiltration; liver cache: sajr-121.pdf plain text: sajr-121.txt item: #74 of 946 id: sajr-1212 author: None title: sajr-1212 date: None words: 1373 flesch: 36 summary: Beom Jun Lee Department of Surgery, Southland Hospital, New Zealand Ahmed O. A. Krim Department of Radiology, Southland Hospital, New Zealand Paul Samson Department of Surgery, Southland Hospital, New Zealand Citation Lee BJ, Krim AOA, Samson P. First presentation of Crohn’s disease complicated with hepatic portal venous gas and pylephlebitis. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v21i1.1212 Case Report First presentation of Crohn’s disease complicated with hepatic portal venous gas and pylephlebitis Beom Jun Lee, Ahmed O. A. Krim, Paul Samson Received: 10 May 2017; Accepted: 28 July 2017; Published: 02 Oct. 2017 Copyright: © 2017. keywords: disease; gas; hpvg; pylephlebitis; venous cache: sajr-1212.htm plain text: sajr-1212.txt item: #75 of 946 id: sajr-1214 author: None title: sajr-1214 date: None words: 3078 flesch: 48 summary: Conclusion: Most patients who had undergone pharmacomechanical thrombolysis for extensive iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis showed few significant clinical signs of chronic venous insufficiency, had excellent function on venous ultrasound and reported excellent QoL. Introduction Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a multifactorial disease that may manifest as deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE) or both. Abstract Background: Chronic venous insufficiency is an important complication following iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis. keywords: patients; pts; qol; scores; sym; thrombolysis; thrombus; venous; villalta cache: sajr-1214.htm plain text: sajr-1214.txt item: #76 of 946 id: sajr-1215 author: None title: sajr-1215 date: None words: 3459 flesch: 46 summary: Most authors, therefore, distinguish between cryptococcosis-related and ‘other’ lesions.5,6 In a previous study from Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria, we looked at the clinical presentation and outcomes of all patients admitted with cryptococcal meningitis over a 2-year period.7 However, because of the high burden of patients and the limited resources, only a relatively small number of admitted patients with cryptococcal meningitis underwent cerebral imaging so that we did not analyse the radiological data. The mean CD4 count of the patients that were scanned was 44 cells/µL; and not greatly differing from the mean CD4 count in the whole cohort of CM patients of 52 cells/µL. The overall mortality in the patients that underwent CT brain imaging was 33.3%, hence, very similar to the in-patient mortality in the total cohort of patients with cryptococcal meningitis keywords: brain; cryptococcal; findings; hiv; imaging; mortality; patients; scans cache: sajr-1215.htm plain text: sajr-1215.txt item: #77 of 946 id: sajr-122 author: Duncan, Ian C.; Spiro, F.I. title: Meningio-angiomatosis - case report and subject review date: 2004-06-09 words: 1465 flesch: 53 summary: Case report A 6-year-old girl presented after a prolonged grand mal seizure. Bright signal was, how- CASE REPORT 27 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • October 2004 Meningio- angiomatosis — case report and subject review keywords: cases; contrast; cortex; fig; report cache: sajr-122.pdf plain text: sajr-122.txt item: #78 of 946 id: sajr-1226 author: None title: sajr-1226 date: None words: 988 flesch: 41 summary: A high level of technical training alone is not sufficient enough to adequately contribute to the diagnosis and management of conditions in patients with HIV infection. The total number of individuals living with HIV infection increased from an estimated 4.72 million in 2002 to 7.03 million in 2016.1 Over time, HIV infection has become a chronic manageable disease with improved access to antiretroviral therapy in both public and private sectors, allowing individuals to live longer and lead healthy lives. keywords: clinical; hiv; management; patients cache: sajr-1226.htm plain text: sajr-1226.txt item: #79 of 946 id: sajr-123 author: Misser, S.K.; Maharajh, J.M. title: Pulmonary artery aneurysm date: 2004-06-09 words: 884 flesch: 51 summary: An echocardiogram confirmed pulmonary valvular stenosis with post-stenotic dilatation and pul- monary artery aneurysm formation. We then proceeded to perform a computed tomography scan, which revealed a massively dilated main pul- monary artery as well as dilated right and left pulmonary arteries. keywords: aneurysm; artery; dilatation; right cache: sajr-123.pdf plain text: sajr-123.txt item: #80 of 946 id: sajr-1230 author: None title: sajr-1230 date: None words: 1443 flesch: 40 summary: Burkitt lymphoma in adults: A prospective study of 72 patients treated with an adapted pediatric LMB protocol. Burkitt lymphoma in adults. keywords: burkitt; imaging; lymphoma; renal; tumour cache: sajr-1230.htm plain text: sajr-1230.txt item: #81 of 946 id: sajr-1233 author: None title: sajr-1233 date: None words: 2114 flesch: 49 summary: Also, unlike inflammatory bowel disease, 42% of those infected also have ascites.11 Although the features are non-specific, diagnosis should be considered in HIV patients with a CD4 count of less than 100 cells/μL.7,11 Figures 3 and 4 demonstrate mural thickening and mucosal enhancement of the sigmoid, in a male patient with an undetectable CD4 count. We have detailed five conditions, with reference to the patients’ CD4 count – gastrointestinal tuberculosis, Kaposi’s sarcoma, small bowel lymphoma, cytomegalovirus colitis and anal carcinoma. keywords: bowel; cd4; count; gastrointestinal; hiv; male; patients cache: sajr-1233.htm plain text: sajr-1233.txt item: #82 of 946 id: sajr-1234 author: None title: sajr-1234 date: None words: 2064 flesch: 34 summary: This was particularly useful in our case.6 Conclusion A wide differential diagnosis exists for intra-cranial mass lesions in HIV patients. Multiple peripherally enhancing parenchymal (b) and sub-ependymal lesions (a) are demonstrated with a significant improvement in the size of all lesions since the last examination. keywords: brain; figure; imaging; lesions; lymphoma; toxoplasmosis; treatment cache: sajr-1234.htm plain text: sajr-1234.txt item: #83 of 946 id: sajr-1239 author: None title: sajr-1239 date: None words: 1840 flesch: 37 summary: Alternative differentials included atypical lower respiratory tract infection (including MAC infection) or lymphoma. Whilst the initial working diagnosis was that of MAC infection, pathology results had not met diagnostic criteria. keywords: chelsea; hiv; infection; mac; radiology; united kingdom; westminster hospital cache: sajr-1239.htm plain text: sajr-1239.txt item: #84 of 946 id: sajr-124 author: Sher, B.J.; Duncan, Ian C. title: Neurofibromatosis type 1 - some cranial and spinal manifestations date: 2004-06-09 words: 1964 flesch: 52 summary: Axial T2-weighted image shows dysplasia of the right sphenoid wing with herniation of the peritemporal subarachnoid space into the posteri- or right orbit. Axial gadolinium enhanced T1-weighted image at a higher level showing dysplasia of the right hemicalvarium with associated enlargement of the surface sulci and right lateral ventricle sec- ondary to the increased hemicalvarial volume. keywords: dysplasia; fig; image; lesions; neurofibromatosis; nf-1 cache: sajr-124.pdf plain text: sajr-124.txt item: #85 of 946 id: sajr-1245 author: None title: sajr-1245 date: None words: 527 flesch: 32 summary: The overall ability to detect paediatric extremity fractures (sensitivity) was unchanged (80%) with and without comparison radiographs (p = 0.28). Conclusion: There is an overestimation of the value of comparison radiographs in diagnosing paediatric extremity fractures. keywords: extremity; radiographs; university cache: sajr-1245.htm plain text: sajr-1245.txt item: #86 of 946 id: sajr-1247 author: None title: sajr-1247 date: None words: 2149 flesch: 41 summary: Barium swallow studies can show the impression of the elongated styloid process as a filling defect.3 FIGURE 4: Various three-dimensional CT reconstruction images depicting elongation of the styloid process.9,10 (a) 3DCT showing elongated styloid in association with vital structures, (b) 3DCT antero-posterior view, showing complete and partial calcification of stylohyoid ligament and (c) 3DCT depicting elongated styloid process. Elongated styloid process: Report of two cases. keywords: eagle; elongated; elongation; process; stylohyoid; styloid; syndrome; type cache: sajr-1247.htm plain text: sajr-1247.txt item: #87 of 946 id: sajr-1248 author: None title: sajr-1248 date: None words: 5736 flesch: 27 summary: Comprehensive cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy reveal a high burden of myocardial disease in HIV patients. Introduction As of late 2015, there were approximately 36.7 million people worldwide living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), with an estimated 2.1 million people becoming newly infected in that same year.1 Despite the decreasing incidence of de novo infections seen over the past decade, HIV infection remains a major global public health concern, with most infected individuals living in low- to middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.1 As a consequence of the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), the survival of people living with HIV infection has improved substantially.2 South Africa has the largest number of people living with HIV infection and also the largest ART roll-out programme globally.3 keywords: africa; cape town; cardiac; cardiovascular; cmr; coronary; disease; dysfunction; figure; hiv; imaging; immunodeficiency; infection; myocardial; patients; resonance; university cache: sajr-1248.htm plain text: sajr-1248.txt item: #88 of 946 id: sajr-125 author: de Vries, Coert title: Training for radiologists date: 2004-06-09 words: 751 flesch: 51 summary: In the last 12 months there is subspecialty training allowing the trainee to choose one spe- cialty or opt for training in a mixture of two or more subspecialties. This can be done after 21/2 years of clinical radiology training and is just a written part whereas the final examina- tion, Part B, again covers all the subspecialties and the candidate is examined with reporting sessions as well as oral examinations. keywords: radiology; training cache: sajr-125.pdf plain text: sajr-125.txt item: #89 of 946 id: sajr-1253 author: None title: sajr-1253 date: None words: 4766 flesch: 40 summary: In a 10-year-long Swiss-based study of the epidemiology of knee injuries in over 17 000 athletically active patients, 50% of knee injuries were found to occur in patients between the ages of 20 and 29 years.7 Clinical examination is highly sensitive for diagnosing soft tissue injury in patients presenting, following knee injury such as occurring by falling, twisting injury or direct impact, with accuracy ranging between 75% and 96% for the diagnosis of significant ligament or meniscal injury demonstrated by Rayan et al.8 Magnetic resonance imaging is commonly used by the orthopaedic surgeon as an adjunct to clinical examination and is most useful in the setting of equivocal clinical examination or acute complex knee injury, when the presence of swelling and pain may limit the accuracy of clinical examination.4,8,9 Magnetic resonance imaging is highly accurate in the diagnosis of internal derangements of the knee.10 A systematic review comparing MRI and arthroscopy findings found high sensitivity and specificity for MRI detection of meniscal and cruciate ligament injury with figures between 88% and 99% for all structures except for a relatively lower sensitivity of 79% for the detection of lateral collateral ligament injury.10 A mechanism-based approach to complex post-trauma knee MRI interpretation is cited by several authors in the recent literature to provide increased reporting accuracy and efficiency, by allowing accurate prediction of injury to at-risk structures.3,4,11,12 An understanding of the biomechanics of the knee can heighten awareness of injury to key stabilising structures such as the posterolateral or posteromedial corner, as well as subtle but important injuries to key structures such as the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) or posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Bone bruising is the fundamental starting point in the identification of knee injury mechanism on MRI. keywords: bone; cases; classification; hayes; injury; knee; mechanism; study cache: sajr-1253.htm plain text: sajr-1253.txt item: #90 of 946 id: sajr-1257 author: None title: sajr-1257 date: None words: 3476 flesch: 33 summary: Classification IRIS is typically classified as either unmasking or paradoxical; however, this distinction may be difficult, as both forms may coexist in the same child and other explanations for the findings should be considered.15 Unmasking IRIS refers to clinical features related to a previously undiagnosed, asymptomatic or subclinical infection, whereas paradoxical IRIS is worsening of a previously diagnosed or partially treated condition. Paradoxical tuberculosis (TB) reactions are the best known examples of this.10,11 Epidemiology Early, retrospective studies estimated IRIS incidence as high as 30%; however, more recent evidence suggests a much lower rate of < 10%.5,6,12,13 A recent South African study using the International Network for the Study of HIV-associated IRIS criteria reported a paradoxical TB-IRIS incidence of 4.8% among 104 children under 8 years of age.14 keywords: art; children; hiv; immune; iris; manifestations; reconstitution; syndrome cache: sajr-1257.htm plain text: sajr-1257.txt item: #91 of 946 id: sajr-1259 author: None title: sajr-1259 date: None words: 4298 flesch: 44 summary: Somayya et al. state that the diagnosis of septate uterus is made frequently by following the ESHRE–ESGE classification, resulting in In 36.4% of cases of septate uterus, internal fundal indentation was <1 cm by ESHRE–ESGE criteria and is usually considered as a normal uterus by ASRM. keywords: anomalies; classification; esge; eshre; figure; fundal; imaging; septate; sequence; society; uterus cache: sajr-1259.htm plain text: sajr-1259.txt item: #92 of 946 id: sajr-126 author: Kotze, D.J.; de Vries, C. title: A quick guide to safety and compatibility of passive implants and devices in an MR environment date: 2004-06-09 words: 4781 flesch: 48 summary: MR procedures may be contraindicated due to various inter- actions between the MR environment and medical devices, which include torque, translational force, heating, induced electrical currents, magnetic field interactions, artefacts, and mis- representation. MR procedures may be con- traindicated due to various interac- tions between the MR environment and medical devices, which include torque (product of axial force and the distance of the line of action from the axis) and translational force, both of which could cause possible move- ment or dislodgement of a ferromag- netic biomedical implant, material, device, or object. keywords: devices; environment; field; imaging; implants; materials; patients; procedures; radiology; safe; shellock cache: sajr-126.pdf plain text: sajr-126.txt item: #93 of 946 id: sajr-1261 author: None title: sajr-1261 date: None words: 1592 flesch: 36 summary: The epidemic of HIV infection has seen a marked increase in the incidence of this condition in sub-Saharan Africa.2 Rheumatoid arthritis There is still ongoing debate about the effects of HIV on RA.2 They also do not fulfil the criteria for the spondyloarthropathies.6,7 It may occur at any stage of HIV infection and most often presents as an asymmetric oligoarthritis more commonly in men.7 The lower limbs, especially the knees, are most commonly affected,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 keywords: arthritis; articular; hiv; infection; joints cache: sajr-1261.htm plain text: sajr-1261.txt item: #94 of 946 id: sajr-1262 author: None title: sajr-1262 date: None words: 2765 flesch: 48 summary: JC virus reactivation can, however, also occur in other patients with compromised immunity as well as in patients on chronic immunosuppressive therapy. The high number in our series is probably because of the high incidence of HIV infection in our region as well as the difficulties experienced by large numbers of patients in accessing adequate treatment. keywords: case; hiv; involvement; multifocal; patients; pml; progressive; virus cache: sajr-1262.htm plain text: sajr-1262.txt item: #95 of 946 id: sajr-1264 author: None title: sajr-1264 date: None words: 4359 flesch: 45 summary: Abstract Introduction Research method and design Results Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgments References About the Author(s) Nasr Timol Department of Radiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Department of Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Khatija Amod Department of Radiology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, South Africa Rohen Harrichandparsad Department of Neurosurgery, University of KwaZulu-Natal and Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, South Africa Royston Duncan Department of Radiology, Lake Smith & Partners and University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Tarylee Reddy Biostatistics Unit, Medical Research Council, South Africa Citation Timol N, Amod K, Harrichandparsad R, Duncan R, Reddy T. Imaging findings and outcomes in patients with carotid cavernous fistula at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital in Durban. S Afr J Rad. 2018;22(1), a1264. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v22i1.1264 Original Research Imaging findings and outcomes in patients with carotid cavernous fistula at Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital in Durban Nasr Timol, Khatija Amod, Rohen Harrichandparsad, Royston Duncan, Tarylee Reddy Received: 09 Aug. 2017; Accepted: 18 Oct. 2017; keywords: angiography; artery; carotid; figure; fistula; flow; ica; imaging; patients; treatment cache: sajr-1264.htm plain text: sajr-1264.txt item: #96 of 946 id: sajr-1265 author: Rischbieter, Paul; Sinclair, Christine; Lawson, Andrew; Ahmad, Samia title: Corrigendum: Uterine artery embolisation as an effective choice for symptomatic fibroids: Five-year outcome date: 2017-08-31 words: 212 flesch: 38 summary: http://www.sajr.org.za Open Access SA Journal of Radiology ISSN: (Online) 2078-6778, (Print) 1027-202X Page 1 of 1 Corrigendum Authors: Paul Rischbieter1 Christine Sinclair1 Andrew Lawson1 Samia Ahmad1 Affiliations: 1Department of Radiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa Corresponding author: Paul Rischbieter, rischbieter.p@gmail.com Dates: Published: 31 Aug. 2017 How to cite this article: Rischbieter P, Sinclair C, Lawson A. & Ahmad S. Corrigendum: Uterine artery embolisation as an effective choice for symptomatic fibroids: Five-year outcome. Ethical considerations Approval for this study was obtained from the Steve Biko Academic Hospital, the MMed Protocol Committee and the University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee (protocol number 443/2015). keywords: authors; corrigendum cache: sajr-1265.pdf plain text: sajr-1265.txt item: #97 of 946 id: sajr-127 author: Erasmus, L.J.; Hurter, D.; Naude, M.; Kritzinger, H.G.; Acho, S. title: A short overview of MRI artefacts date: 2004-06-09 words: 2816 flesch: 58 summary: Surface coil artefact: high signal at anteri- or thoracic wall adjacent to surface coil. Fig. 11. Reduction of these artefacts can be attempted by orientating the long axis of an implant or device parallel to the long axis of the external magnetic field, possible with mobile extremity imaging and an open magnet.5,6 Further methods used are choosing the appropriate frequency encoding direction, since metal artefacts are most pronounced in this direction,4 using smaller voxel sizes,5 fast imaging sequences,6 increased readout band- width5,6 and avoiding gradient-echo imaging when metal is present.5 A technique called MARS (metal arte- fact reduction sequence) applies an additional gradient, along the slice select gradient at the time the fre- quency encoding gradient is applied.5 Signal processing- dependent artefacts The ways in which the data are sampled, processed and mapped out on the image matrix manifest these artefacts. keywords: artefacts; encoding; field; frequency; image; imaging; phase; signal cache: sajr-127.pdf plain text: sajr-127.txt item: #98 of 946 id: sajr-128 author: Otto, S.F. title: Medical negligence date: 2004-06-09 words: 2560 flesch: 62 summary: A practitioner is only held liable if the diagnosis implies the lack of reasonable care and skill with regard to the ordinary care and skill of the profession. In Pringle v Administrator of Transvaal it was shown that when applying a test for medical negligence, an inordinate- ly inflexible standard of care should not be applied which blurs the dis- tinction between surgical mishap and medical malpractice. keywords: care; negligence; patient; practitioner cache: sajr-128.pdf plain text: sajr-128.txt item: #99 of 946 id: sajr-1283 author: None title: sajr-1283 date: None words: 6184 flesch: 38 summary: These included renal TB imaging, MDCT imaging of renal TB, MDCT + renal TB, extrapulmonary TB imaging and granulomatous nephritis. Objectives The objectives of the study are as follows: to systematically scope the literature on MDCT imaging of renal TB to identify specific MDCT imaging characteristics of the disease process, promote early diagnosis and increase awareness of the typical imaging features to generate a comprehensive and well-defined list of the MDCT imaging findings using a chart, which will help guide radiologists in making a more accurate diagnosis to review the current MDCT imaging protocol for suspected renal TB that will increase the accuracy of CT in making the diagnosis. keywords: diagnosis; figure; findings; imaging; infection; kidney; literature; mdct; non; phase; renal; review; tomography; tuberculosis cache: sajr-1283.htm plain text: sajr-1283.txt item: #100 of 946 id: sajr-1284 author: None title: sajr-1284 date: None words: 3080 flesch: 41 summary: 8,9,10,11 Activities associated with exertional compartment syndrome of the upper limb include sports such as rowing, cycling, motorcycle riding, cricket, body building (particularly those supplementing with creatine and anabolic steroid) or repeated episodes of manual labour requiring a prolonged grip or pinch.9 In the United States, CECS was documented in military recruits, especially those involved in battlefield training.10 In most instances, the pain and induration resolve spontaneously on cessation of the activities.1 BOX 2: Clinical features of chronic exertional compartment syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging in exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm: Case-based pictorial review and approach to management. keywords: chronic; compartment; diagnosis; exercise; exertional; figure; forearm; imaging; muscle; syndrome cache: sajr-1284.htm plain text: sajr-1284.txt item: #101 of 946 id: sajr-1285 author: None title: sajr-1285 date: None words: 8158 flesch: 47 summary: This allowed us to get a better understanding of how the different views converge on an understanding of radiation safety culture in the workplace.31 This study has good representation of different categories of interventionalists from across South Africa and offers important qualitative insights into how interventionalists understand what a CRP is. Radiation safety training and education needs to form part of the formalised curriculum of radiation HCWs in order for it to be taken seriously.20 Continued medical education (CME) can help consolidate and sustain the training and preservation of a CRP to ensure a safer workplace.21 This CME programme should be consistent and reinforced regularly to maintain its effectiveness.12 The aim of this article is to present the perceptions of interventionalists on what constitutes a CRP. keywords: catheterisation; crp; culture; health; interventionalists; laboratory; participants; ppe; protection; radiation; radiation safety; safety; south; study; team; training; use; workplace cache: sajr-1285.htm plain text: sajr-1285.txt item: #102 of 946 id: sajr-1287 author: Magano, Gopolang; Pillay, Tanyia; Lucas, Susan title: Corrigendum: Paediatric doctors’ error rate in detection of paediatric elbow injuries in Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital date: 2017-11-27 words: 195 flesch: 45 summary: Corrigendum: Paediatric doctors’ error rate in detection of paediatric elbow injuries in Rahima Moosa Mother and Child Hospital Read online: Scan this QR code with your smart phone or mobile device to read online. S Afr J Rad. keywords: online cache: sajr-1287.pdf plain text: sajr-1287.txt item: #103 of 946 id: sajr-129 author: Raubenheimer, R.; Spangenberg, B.; van Jaarsveld, G.; Koller, A.; de Vries, C.; Herbst, C.P.; Willemse, C.A.; Joubert, G. title: Do dose area product meter measurements reflect radiation doses absorbed by health care workers? date: 2004-06-09 words: 2089 flesch: 51 summary: It is not possible to determine health care worker radiation from the DAP reading because of the general lack of correlation between the DAP and TLD readings. Abstract This study determined the correlation between radiation doses absorbed by health care workers and dose area product meter (DAP) measurements at Universitas Hospital, Bloemfontein. keywords: correlation; dap; radiation; readings; tld cache: sajr-129.pdf plain text: sajr-129.txt item: #104 of 946 id: sajr-1296 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2017-12-21 words: 480 flesch: 34 summary: Reviewer Acknowledgement Open Accesshttp://www.sajr.org.za Page 1 of 1 The editorial team of SA Journal of Radiology recognises the value and importance of peer reviewers in the overall publication process – not only in shaping individual manuscripts, but also in shaping the credibility and reputation of our journal. We would like to take this opportunity to thank the following reviewers who participated in shaping this issue of SA Journal of Radiology: In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for SA Journal of Radiology, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on http://www. sajr.org.za for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. keywords: http://www.sajr.org.za; journal; radiology; reviewers cache: sajr-1296.pdf plain text: sajr-1296.txt item: #105 of 946 id: sajr-1297 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2017-12-21 words: 480 flesch: 34 summary: Reviewer Acknowledgement Open Accesshttp://www.sajr.org.za Page 1 of 1 The editorial team of SA Journal of Radiology recognises the value and importance of peer reviewers in the overall publication process – not only in shaping individual manuscripts, but also in shaping the credibility and reputation of our journal. We would like to take this opportunity to thank the following reviewers who participated in shaping this issue of SA Journal of Radiology: In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for SA Journal of Radiology, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on http://www. sajr.org.za for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. keywords: http://www.sajr.org.za; journal; radiology; reviewers cache: sajr-1297.pdf plain text: sajr-1297.txt item: #106 of 946 id: sajr-13 author: None title: SAJR 1021 date: None words: 180 flesch: 66 summary: SAJR 1021 Body imaging S K Misser,1 MB ChB, FCRad (D) SA; D B Steer,2 FCS (SA), FRCS (C); S Purcell,3 FCPath (SA) 1 Lake Smit and Partners, Durban, South Africa 2 Alberlito Hospital, Ballito KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 3 Hainsworth, Purcell and Associates, Durban, South Africa Corresponding author: S K Misser (misser@lakesmit.co.za) Sagittal colour duplex sonar image. keywords: fig cache: sajr-13.htm plain text: sajr-13.txt item: #107 of 946 id: sajr-130 author: Louw, D.J.; de Vries, C.; Joubert, G. title: Cerebral aneurysms - an audit date: 2004-06-09 words: 1521 flesch: 66 summary: Multiple cerebral aneurysms — a reap- praisal. Abstract We performed an audit to determine the profile of cerebral aneurysms at the Universitas Hospital Bloem- fontein, the only government hospital with a vascular suite in the Free State and Northern Cape area. keywords: aneurysms; cerebral; females; patients; years cache: sajr-130.pdf plain text: sajr-130.txt item: #108 of 946 id: sajr-1306 author: None title: sajr-1306 date: None words: 1975 flesch: 32 summary: Immunotherapies approved for the treatment of MS have proven ineffective and even appear to aggravate NMO relapses.1 The diagnostic limitations of complex neurological findings in patients who present with overlapping upper and lower motor neuron signs remain a challenge for health care practitioners, especially in resource-limited centres. The recent advances in the identification of autoimmune biomarkers and the widening spectrum of imaging findings in NMO necessitate that the clinician and radiologist keep abreast of the current diagnostic tools and criteria that distinguish NMO from other demyelinating conditions. keywords: case; cord; imaging; lesions; nmo; spinal cache: sajr-1306.htm plain text: sajr-1306.txt item: #109 of 946 id: sajr-1309 author: None title: sajr-1309 date: None words: 2514 flesch: 42 summary: Introduction Acute aortic syndrome (AAS) is a spectrum of life-threatening aortic diseases consisting of aortic dissection (AD), intramural haematoma (IMH) and penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer (PAU).1 Acute aortic syndrome is often part of a large clinical group of patients presenting with acute chest pain to the emergency room and often difficult to distinguish initially from other causes such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and so on. FIGURE 1: Axial unenhanced computed tomography scan of thorax demonstrating displaced intimal calcification (arrow), suggesting aortic dissection. keywords: acute; aorta; aortic; contrast; dissection; figure; lumen cache: sajr-1309.htm plain text: sajr-1309.txt item: #110 of 946 id: sajr-131 author: Potgieter, H.F.; Loggenberg, E title: Endovascular foreign objects retrieved by interventional radiologists at Universitas Hospital date: 2004-06-09 words: 950 flesch: 58 summary: Radiology_Aug04 Abstract During the past 4 years, 15 patients have undergone intravascular removal of foreign bodies — 9 central venous line fragments, 3 guidewires, 2 pace- maker leads and 1 misplaced emboli- sation coil. The percuta- neous removal of foreign bodies is efficient with few complications. keywords: bodies; fig; removal cache: sajr-131.pdf plain text: sajr-131.txt item: #111 of 946 id: sajr-1310 author: None title: sajr-1310 date: None words: 1346 flesch: 37 summary: However, less than 30% of patients with anti-Ma2 encephalitis exhibit the typical clinical presentation of limbic encephalitis, and therefore this entity may go unrecognised for a prolonged period of time before the diagnosis is Paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome (PNS) is a rare entity and can affect various areas of the central or peripheral nervous system. keywords: anti; encephalitis; imaging; ma2; paraneoplastic cache: sajr-1310.htm plain text: sajr-1310.txt item: #112 of 946 id: sajr-1315 author: None title: sajr-1315 date: None words: 2931 flesch: 56 summary: TABLE 3: Types of benign breast lesions. However, where the patient is not able to return for a follow-up examination or if imaging is not available to the patient, they should be offered an immediate biopsy.19 Conclusion Ultrasound is a cost-effective alternative to biopsy for benign breast lesions. keywords: benign; breast; follow; imaging; lesions; patients; rads; ultrasound cache: sajr-1315.htm plain text: sajr-1315.txt item: #113 of 946 id: sajr-1316 author: None title: sajr-1316 date: None words: 3594 flesch: 39 summary: The exact role of MRI in managing RA patients in clinical practice requires further research, especially regarding the determination of clinical algorithms for the use of MRI, the role of MRI imaging in monitoring existing RA and the understanding of how imaging can help to improve the cost-effectiveness of current biologic treatment regimens used in the management of RA.17 Evidence from different clinical studies has shown that conventional radiography, US or MRI can be used to confirm the diagnosis when clinical and laboratory data on their own are not enough. Up to 50% of patients with early RA do not test positive for RA-associated antibodies (RF or anti-CCP Ab).2 keywords: arthritis; bone; diagnosis; disease; early; imaging; mri; patients; resonance; rheumatoid cache: sajr-1316.htm plain text: sajr-1316.txt item: #114 of 946 id: sajr-1319 author: None title: sajr-1319 date: None words: 3443 flesch: 54 summary: Communication and commitment is also required by the emergency medical services, ED and radiology staff in order to prioritise stroke patients and to reduce delays. This is mainly because of time delays in patient presentation to hospital, as well as in-hospital delays such as protracted times in obtaining a CT scan.6,7,8 More than 60% of stroke patients present after the recommended 3 h window period in both developing and developed countries.6,7,8,9,10 Given the growing burden of stroke worldwide and the paucity of data from the developing world, the aim of this study was to investigate the time from stroke symptom onset to presentation to the emergency department (ED), the time from arrival to CT scan acquisition and the potential influencing factors. keywords: department; hospital; patients; presentation; south; stroke; study; time cache: sajr-1319.htm plain text: sajr-1319.txt item: #115 of 946 id: sajr-132 author: Boonzaaier-Botha, H.; Cock, C. title: Polycystic liver disease - a disease entity presenting as part of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease date: 2004-06-09 words: 2424 flesch: 53 summary: MRI confirming multiple hepatic cysts with low signal on T1-weighted images. MRI confirming multiple hepatic cysts with high signal on T2-weighted images. keywords: cysts; disease; fig; kidney; liver; pcld; ultrasound cache: sajr-132.pdf plain text: sajr-132.txt item: #116 of 946 id: sajr-1326 author: None title: sajr-1326 date: None words: 1702 flesch: 38 summary: Hand and pelvis radiographs were normal. FIGURE 1: Lateral radiograph of the skull shows normal bone density with wormian bones in the lambdoid suture (hollow arrow), prognathism and supernumerary teeth (white arrow). A lateral radiograph of the skull (Figure 1) showed normal bone density, wormian bones (white arrow), mandibular prognathism and supernumerary teeth. keywords: case; ccd; cleidocranial; dysplasia; figure; pyknodysostosis cache: sajr-1326.htm plain text: sajr-1326.txt item: #117 of 946 id: sajr-1329 author: None title: sajr-1329 date: None words: 3965 flesch: 47 summary: This retrospective descriptive study of patient records was undertaken to determine the frequency and clinical significance of any abnormalities found on CT head scans of 460 patients with MHI and GCS scores of 15/15, scanned at GSH between 2012 and 2014. Abnormalities detected on CT head scans were classified as being either clinically significant or clinically non-significant. keywords: gcs; head; injury; mhi; patients; scans; study; trauma cache: sajr-1329.htm plain text: sajr-1329.txt item: #118 of 946 id: sajr-133 author: Botha, S.H. title: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy/complex regional pain syndrome, type 1 date: 2004-06-09 words: 1458 flesch: 64 summary: In CRPS type 2 or causalgia there is history of a peripheral nerve injury, thus the pain and autonomic distur- bance can be identical to CRPS type 1 but has a nerve-specific distribution.2 Case report A 12-year-old boy presented with severe pain in the feet, worse in the left foot, which increased over a period of 2 weeks to such an extent that he could not walk or stand weight bear- ing. The pro- liferation of alpha-receptors in the sur- rounding tissues, including the blood vessels and other end organs explains the clinical features of autonomic acti- vation seen in the disorder.3 Clinical features Pain is the main clinical manifesta- tion of CRPS type 1 and is dispropor- tionate to that expected of the severity of the underlying injury. keywords: bone; fig; pain; type cache: sajr-133.pdf plain text: sajr-133.txt item: #119 of 946 id: sajr-1339 author: None title: sajr-1339 date: None words: 4648 flesch: 47 summary: FIGURE 6: Non-renal cell carcinoma (RCC) benign renal tumour. A better understanding of benign conditions presumed to be RCC on CT imaging and the accuracy of staging of renal tumours has the potential to reduce unnecessary nephrectomies and direct the use of pre-operative biopsy of renal masses. keywords: benign; carcinoma; cell; diagnosis; imaging; nephrectomy; patients; rcc; scan; tomography; tumour cache: sajr-1339.htm plain text: sajr-1339.txt item: #120 of 946 id: sajr-134 author: Scholtz, Leonie title: Radiofrequency ablation date: 2004-06-05 words: 374 flesch: 40 summary: Pancreatic tumours, bone metastases and intra-pulmonary tumours are being treated similarly and RFA has recently entered phase 2 clinical trials for the treatment of small renal tumours. Treatment of liver tumours can be done percutaneously or as an open procedure during which the tumour can be visualised with an ultrasound probe placed directly on the surface of the liver. keywords: tumours cache: sajr-134.pdf plain text: sajr-134.txt item: #121 of 946 id: sajr-1348 author: None title: sajr-1348 date: None words: 3630 flesch: 52 summary: Abstract Background: The Greulich–Pyle (GP) method is one of the most commonly used radiographic techniques for skeletal age (SA) determination. Skeletal age determined with the GP method was found to significantly differ from CA. keywords: age; male; method; patients; population; pyle; study; years cache: sajr-1348.htm plain text: sajr-1348.txt item: #122 of 946 id: sajr-135 author: Scholtz, Leonie title: The storm of progress date: 2004-06-05 words: 4299 flesch: 57 summary: Die rol van die radioloog het die afgelope 40 jaar uitgebrei deur die radioloog se toetrede tot die terapeu- tiese behandeling van die pasiënt. Die klinikus kan funksioneer sonder die radioloog, maar die radi- oloog kan nie funksioneer sonder die verwysing van die klinikus nie. keywords: dat; department; die; discovery; het; journal; kan; medicine; nie; ons; progress; radiology; radioloog; sector; van; wat; word cache: sajr-135.pdf plain text: sajr-135.txt item: #123 of 946 id: sajr-1353 author: None title: sajr-1353 date: None words: 7311 flesch: 49 summary: With improved scan resolution and correctly applied clinical indications, the specificity of breast MRI has markedly improved in recent years. Current literature indicates an overall sensitivity for breast MRI of 98% – 100% and specificity of 88%. keywords: biopsy; breast; breast cancer; breast mri; cancer; imaging; mammogram; mass; mri; patients; post; pre; radiology; resonance; resonance imaging; risk; ultrasound cache: sajr-1353.htm plain text: sajr-1353.txt item: #124 of 946 id: sajr-1354 author: None title: sajr-1354 date: None words: 2223 flesch: 40 summary: Introduction Fulminant amoebic colitis (FAC) is the transmural extension of amoebic colitis, associated with a devastating outcome. A diagnosis of amoebic colitis was entertained because of the omental wrapping. keywords: amoebic; bowel; colitis; fac; patient; scan cache: sajr-1354.htm plain text: sajr-1354.txt item: #125 of 946 id: sajr-1356 author: None title: sajr-1356 date: None words: 3202 flesch: 48 summary: Understanding breast cancer risk conferred by density in the setting of a patient’s history, as well as an appreciation of the imaging tools available, will help aid clinicians in developing the most appropriate screening plan for each of their patients. Mammographic density, breast cancer risk and risk prediction. keywords: breast; cancer; density; imaging; mammography; risk; screening; tissue; women cache: sajr-1356.htm plain text: sajr-1356.txt item: #126 of 946 id: sajr-1357 author: None title: sajr-1357 date: None words: 4693 flesch: 45 summary: Other investigators have shown that computer-aided volumetric tumour assessment is a promising technique in improving inter-observer variability, both with detection and diagnosis of lesions.24,25,26 Han et al.19 performed a retrospective review of 112 PET-CT-scans in 59 patients, using both the LC and the previous IHP criteria for response assessment in lymphoma, and found strong inter-observer agreement for initial restaging response assessment between the two readers (Cohen κ = 0.76) as applied to the IHP criteria but only moderate agreement with the LC (Cohen κ = 0.43). To the best of our knowledge, there is no published research that specifically addresses inter-observer variability when applying the LC to CT-scans performed in patients with lymphoma. keywords: assessment; inter; lesions; lymphoma; observer; patients; response; restaging; scans; variability cache: sajr-1357.htm plain text: sajr-1357.txt item: #127 of 946 id: sajr-1358 author: None title: sajr-1358 date: None words: 3627 flesch: 48 summary: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v22i2.1358 Original Research Measuring breast density: Comparing computer-automated breast density quantification with an observer-based method in a South African academic context Erica Prinsloo, Cornelia Minné, Wim Greeff Received: 26 Apr. 2018; Accepted: 06 June 2018; Published: 21 Aug. 2018 Copyright: © 2018. These results further reflect a statistically significant degree of inter-reader and intra-reader variability in the evaluation of breast density. keywords: breast; cancer; density; mammography; patients; rads; reader; scores; screening; study cache: sajr-1358.htm plain text: sajr-1358.txt item: #128 of 946 id: sajr-1359 author: None title: sajr-1359 date: None words: 1802 flesch: 41 summary: Discussion Pericarditis is defined as inflammation of the pericardium, and this has a number of causative agents like infection, neoplastic conditions, systemic conditions including collagen vascular diseases, trauma and others.1 Morphologically, the manifestations of pericardial disease include fibrin, fluid (serous, blood and lymph), purulent matter, fibrous tissue, neoplasm, granuloma, calcium and cholesterol.2 Pericardial disease: Diagnosis and management. keywords: disease; figure; mass; medicine; patient; pericarditis; pericardium cache: sajr-1359.htm plain text: sajr-1359.txt item: #129 of 946 id: sajr-136 author: Scholtz, Leonie title: Endoluminal treatment of thoracic aortic lesions date: 2004-06-05 words: 3174 flesch: 59 summary: Non sur- gical reconstruction of thoracic aortic dissection by stent graft placement. Improved distal circulatory support for repair of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms. keywords: aorta; aortic; dissection; stent; surg; thoracic; type cache: sajr-136.pdf plain text: sajr-136.txt item: #130 of 946 id: sajr-1362 author: None title: sajr-1362 date: None words: 5722 flesch: 40 summary: The perennial problem of epileptic power supply in the country has had a pernicious effect on radiology training. In addition to the general proposals for improving postgraduate medical education in Nigeria (comprehensive structural or organisational review, improved funding, curriculum review, retraining of trainers and incorporation of regular appraisal or monitoring or evaluation),2 the following would help to improve radiology training in particular: Commencement of subspecialty training in the country is necessary.36 The Society for Paediatric Imaging in Nigeria (SPIN)41 and the Nigeria Society for Interventional Radiology (NiSIR) have already been formed but are still in its infancy. keywords: accreditation; african; centres; college; doctors; education; examination; hospital; medical; nigeria; postgraduate; programme; radiologists; radiology; residency; residents; training; west cache: sajr-1362.htm plain text: sajr-1362.txt item: #131 of 946 id: sajr-1363 author: None title: sajr-1363 date: None words: 1410 flesch: 40 summary: References Psathas ED, Lioudaki S, Doulaptsis M, Charalampoudis P, Klonaris C, Verikokos C. Clinical manifestations of aortocaval fistulas in ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: Report of two cases. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9610(98)00166-4 Kumar Y, Hooda K, Li S, Goyal P, Gupta N, Adeb M. Abdominal aortic aneurysm: Pictorial review of common appearances and complications. keywords: aneurysm; aortic; aortocaval; contrast; diagnosis cache: sajr-1363.htm plain text: sajr-1363.txt item: #132 of 946 id: sajr-1366 author: None title: sajr-1366 date: None words: 1908 flesch: 45 summary: Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia is a BIRADS II condition. Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH). keywords: breast; figure; hyperplasia; pash; pseudoangiomatous; stromal cache: sajr-1366.htm plain text: sajr-1366.txt item: #133 of 946 id: sajr-137 author: Duncan, Ian C. title: Vascular malformations Part 1 - normal and abnormal vascular development date: 2004-06-05 words: 3247 flesch: 41 summary: This involves the differentiation of one or more mesodermally-derived vascular precursor cell types into angioblasts, the migratory precursors of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells.1-3 Differentiation of angioblasts is followed by the associa- tion and assembly of endothelial cells to form the primitive vascular plexus. During the activation phase there is disassembly of the vessel wall followed by proliferation and migration of endothelial cells into the surrounding extracellular matrix. keywords: angiogenesis; cell; development; endothelial; factors; growth; malformations; proliferation; vascular cache: sajr-137.pdf plain text: sajr-137.txt item: #134 of 946 id: sajr-1370 author: None title: sajr-1370 date: None words: 6203 flesch: 55 summary: Comparison of breast cancers diagnosed in screening patients in their 40s with and without family history of breast cancer in a community outpatient facility. Gabe and Duffy6 summarised ways of evaluating screening in a non-experimental setting, as well as the findings from 38 non-randomised studies on breast cancer screening. keywords: age; breast; breast cancer; cancer; group; mammography; mortality; overdiagnosis; reduction; screening; south; studies; women; years cache: sajr-1370.htm plain text: sajr-1370.txt item: #135 of 946 id: sajr-1371 author: None title: sajr-1371 date: None words: 1440 flesch: 33 summary: Abstract Introduction Case presentation Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements Reference About the Author(s) Prema Mohandas Department of General Surgery, Southland Hospital, New Zealand Ahmed O.A. Krim Department of Radiology, Southland Hospital, New Zealand Paul Samson Department of General Surgery, Southland Hospital, New Zealand Citation Mohandas P, Krim AOA, Samson P. Unexpected finding of splenic peliosis in a traumatic spleen in a patient with cleidocranial dysplasia. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v22i1.1371 Case Report Unexpected finding of splenic peliosis in a traumatic spleen in a patient with cleidocranial dysplasia Prema Mohandas, Ahmed O.A. Krim, Paul Samson Received: 04 June 2018; Accepted: 22 July 2018; Published: 27 Sept. 2018 Copyright: © 2018. keywords: cleidocranial; dysplasia; patient; peliosis; spleen cache: sajr-1371.htm plain text: sajr-1371.txt item: #136 of 946 id: sajr-1374 author: None title: sajr-1374 date: None words: 2781 flesch: 45 summary: This article highlights various examples of abnormal descent of the testis in usual as well as unusual locations and complications of undescended testes. Undescended testes are seen in approximately 1% – 6% of newborn males. keywords: cryptorchidism; descent; figure; imaging; testicular; testis; ultrasound cache: sajr-1374.htm plain text: sajr-1374.txt item: #137 of 946 id: sajr-1377 author: None title: sajr-1377 date: None words: 4260 flesch: 47 summary: Breast cancer patients had a statistically significant lower mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value (1072.10 ± 365.14), compared to the BTB group (1690.77 ± 624.05, p = 0.006). https://doi.org/10.1102/1470-7330.2011.0014 Tozaki M. Interpretation of breast MRI: Correlation of kinetic and morphological parameters with pathological findings. keywords: adc; bca; breast; btb; cancer; contrast; diffusion; enhancement; imaging; mass; mri; patients; resonance; tuberculosis cache: sajr-1377.htm plain text: sajr-1377.txt item: #138 of 946 id: sajr-138 author: Duncan, Ian C.; Fourie, Pieter A. title: Vascular malformations Part 2 - current classification of vascular malformations date: 2004-06-05 words: 5440 flesch: 48 summary: The classification of vascular anomalies outside of the central nervous system (CNS) is based on the seminal works of Mulliken and Glowacki.1,2 They divided vascular anomalies into those exhibiting rapid endothelial cell growth (proliferation) followed by a period of stabilisation (quiescence) and finally spontaneous involution, termed haemangiomas, and those having a rate of growth commensu- rate with the growth of the individual termed vascular malformations (VMs). The current classification of CNS vascular anomalies remains primarily a pathoanatomically-based one and is based on the works of McCormick et al.3-5 and Russel and Rubenstein.6 In this review we will present a syn- opsis of CNS and non-CNS vascular anomalies based on the abovemen- tioned classification schemes in the hope that this will dispel much of the confusion surrounding the subject of vascular malformations or anomalies. keywords: anomalies; arteriovenous; classification; cns; fig; flow; haemangiomas; lesions; lymphatic; malformations; syndrome; treatment; vascular; venous; vms cache: sajr-138.pdf plain text: sajr-138.txt item: #139 of 946 id: sajr-1383 author: Corr, Peter title: Non-invasive coronary artery imaging date: 2003-11-30 words: 590 flesch: 51 summary: Comparison of 16 multislice CT with the gold standard of conventional coronary arteriography has demonstrated a 95% specificity and 86% sensitivity of multi- slice coronary CT angiography for the detection of coronary artery disease. Potential applications of this technology are the early detection of coronary atherosclerotic disease, the exclusion of coronary artery occlusion prior to patients undergoing major surgery, the exclusion of artery occlusion in patients with chest pain, and the follow-up of patients following coronary stenting or bypass grafting. keywords: artery; coronary; multislice cache: sajr-1383.pdf plain text: sajr-1383.txt item: #140 of 946 id: sajr-1386 author: Msimang, Saziso; Corr, Peter title: Recurrent life-threatening haemoptysis in pulmonary tuberculosis — the importance of pulmonary angiography date: 2003-11-30 words: 1091 flesch: 55 summary: The patient also received a blood transfusion and was booked for bronchial artery embolisation. Bronchial artery embolotherapy for control of acute hemoptysis: analysis of out- come. keywords: aneurysm; artery; bronchial; haemoptysis cache: sajr-1386.pdf plain text: sajr-1386.txt item: #141 of 946 id: sajr-1388 author: Scher, A. T. title: Questioning standard imaging protocols date: 2003-08-31 words: 418 flesch: 42 summary: Sports imaging in South Africa has become the latest addi- tion to the multifaceted Radiology discipline. This problem is being tackled urgently by the Colleges of Medicine of South Africa, and hopefully a suit- able agreement between the universities offering the MMed degree and the Colleges of Medicine will be arrived at. keywords: sports cache: sajr-1388.pdf plain text: sajr-1388.txt item: #142 of 946 id: sajr-1389 author: van der Merwe, Ivann F. title: Percutaneous vertebroplasty date: 2003-08-31 words: 2728 flesch: 57 summary: : In osteoporotic patients rib frac- tures have occasionally occurred due to the pressure needed to advance the needle through the pedicle. Vertebral fractures are associated with increased morbidity and mortality and may lead to loss of the patient's independence. keywords: body; needle; pain; patients; procedure; vertebroplasty cache: sajr-1389.pdf plain text: sajr-1389.txt item: #143 of 946 id: sajr-139 author: Shamra, V.; Donde, B.; Mohiuddin, M.; Rabin, B.S.; Majeed, U.; Chetty, D.; Nyongensa, C.; Msemo, A.; van der Merwe, D.; Glynn-Thomas, R. title: Vertebral height as the measure of lesion length in carcinoma of the oesophagus - is it accurate? date: 2004-06-05 words: 1325 flesch: 53 summary: Presently lesion length is esti- mated depending on the filling defect seen on Hexabrix swallow, which is measured against the number of ver- tebrae the lesion spans (each vertebra is taken to measure 2.5 cm). Lesion length on Hexabrix swallow Patient number Vertebral height Simulator magnification Difference (cm) grid length (cm ) (cm) 1. 12.00 10.00 2.00 2. 8.00 6.00 2.00 3. 8.50 6.00 2.50 4. 7.50 6.00 1.50 5. 9.50 8.00 1.50 6. 7.50 6.00 1.50 7. 6.50 5.00 1.50 8. keywords: length; lesion; treatment cache: sajr-139.pdf plain text: sajr-139.txt item: #144 of 946 id: sajr-1390 author: Scher, A. T. title: Lumbar spine X-rays for back pain: Still justified as a screening examination in South Africa date: 2003-08-31 words: 1683 flesch: 49 summary: It is questionable, however, whether this well-reasoned approach can be adopted as the level of sophis- tication of the patient population dif- fers markedly between first-world and third-world countries, Certainly in South Africa, where diseases such as spinal tuberculosis are not only com- mon, but are increasing in frequency, there is perhaps justification for utilis- ing routine radiographs of the lumbar spine as a primary investigation in patients presenting with backache. and in a separate inves- tigation by Kelen et al? Conclusion In this series, utilisation of lumbar spine radiography as an initial investi- gation in patients presenting with backache, was responsible for the detection of spinal tuberculosis in 8 patients. keywords: lumbar; pain; patients; spine; tuberculosis cache: sajr-1390.pdf plain text: sajr-1390.txt item: #145 of 946 id: sajr-1391 author: Benade, S. L.; Scher, A. T. title: The patient with head injury and a Glasgow coma score of 15: Is a brain CT examination indicated? date: 2003-08-31 words: 1679 flesch: 55 summary: CT scan ordering for minor head trauma patients. Tygerberg, W Cape Abstract The decision as to whether to perform a CT examination of the brain in patients with a Glasgow coma score of 15 after injury is often difficult, given the limited CT scanning facilities available in state hospitals. keywords: coma; glasgow; injury; patients cache: sajr-1391.pdf plain text: sajr-1391.txt item: #146 of 946 id: sajr-1392 author: de Villiers, R. V.P. title: Jumper's knee date: 2003-08-31 words: 888 flesch: 58 summary: Transverse ultrasound scan of infra- patellar tendon. Transverse T2 fat-saturation study shows marked hyperintense changes in the infrapatel/ar tendon. keywords: infrapatellar; knee; tendon cache: sajr-1392.pdf plain text: sajr-1392.txt item: #147 of 946 id: sajr-1394 author: Gelderen, W. F.C. title: Incidental diagnosis of a gastric mass on chest radiographs date: 2003-08-31 words: 1358 flesch: 60 summary: The tuberculosis was treat- ed effectively,and chest films taken 6 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Fig. Frontal chest radiograph demon- strates signs of chronic obstructive airways disease, left basal segmental atelectasis (retrocardiac), an air loculus projecting beyond the border of the left side of the trachea due to an oesophageal traction diverticulum (small arrows). keywords: chest; mass; stomach cache: sajr-1394.pdf plain text: sajr-1394.txt item: #148 of 946 id: sajr-1395 author: de Villiers, R. V.P. title: Navicular stress fracture date: 2003-08-31 words: 665 flesch: 63 summary: Plain X-ray of subtle fracture of navicular bone. Fractures may be complete or incomplete. keywords: fig; fracture cache: sajr-1395.pdf plain text: sajr-1395.txt item: #149 of 946 id: sajr-1396 author: Moodley, M. S.; Singh, B.; Vawda, F.; Maharaj, J. title: Jejuno-ileal diverticulitis and renal failure date: 2003-08-31 words: 1442 flesch: 50 summary: Intestinal motility in small bowel diverticulosis: a case report and review of the literature. Aetiologically, like their colonic counterparts, chronic raised intraluminal pressure is implicated on the basis of small bowel dyskinesia and dis-coordinate peristalsis.' keywords: bowel; case; diarrhoea; diverticulae; jejuno; report cache: sajr-1396.pdf plain text: sajr-1396.txt item: #150 of 946 id: sajr-1397 author: Duncan, Ian C. title: Academic writing in radiology date: 2003-06-30 words: 556 flesch: 54 summary: In this issue, which is dedicated to this subject of academic writing in radiolo- gy, we take a look at some of the motivations behind this activity with some tips on how to get started in article writing and publication. With the exception of the thesis requirements for certain of the university MMed degrees there is little or no teaching of or encouragement for academic writing in radiol- ogy in current-day South Africa. keywords: radiology; writing cache: sajr-1397.pdf plain text: sajr-1397.txt item: #151 of 946 id: sajr-14 author: None title: SAJR RADIOACTIVE NEWS date: None words: 1204 flesch: 36 summary: Functional imaging is finding use in the imaging of pre-clinical dementia and pain perception and control. Yet another example of this was covered in the interesting presentation by Giles Boland, Professor of Radiology at Harvard Medical School, on ‘Precision imaging in the era of personalised medicine’, in which he discussed the use of imaging biomarkers in oncology and clinical trials. keywords: idor; imaging; meeting; radiology; society cache: sajr-14.htm plain text: sajr-14.txt item: #152 of 946 id: sajr-140 author: Ligege, P.; Scholtz, L. title: Rare variation in the origin of the right vertebral artery date: 2004-06-05 words: 871 flesch: 56 summary: Anomalous origin of the right vertebral artery: Review of the literature and case report of right vertebral artery origin dis- tal to the left subclavian artery. The branching order is right brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery. keywords: artery; right; subclavian cache: sajr-140.pdf plain text: sajr-140.txt item: #153 of 946 id: sajr-1401 author: Sher, Basil J.; Duncan, Ian C. title: Multiple renal arteries : A pitfall in renovascular intervention date: 2003-06-30 words: 1254 flesch: 53 summary: Digital subtraction flush abdominal aor- togram suggesting the presence of two left sided renal arteries. In conclusion, our case demon- strates an important diagnostic pitfall associated with multiple renal arteries supplying a kidney. keywords: arteries; injury; renal cache: sajr-1401.pdf plain text: sajr-1401.txt item: #154 of 946 id: sajr-1402 author: Duncan, Ian C.; Sher, Basil J. title: The subvesical duct of Luschka: A source of bile leakage following gallbladder removal date: 2003-06-30 words: 1339 flesch: 58 summary: The development basis for bile duct anomalies. A MR cholangiogram was attempted to try and show conti- nuity between the right and left main hepatic bile ducts and although the proper hepatic duct was shown to be occluded, no definite answer could be given concerning the existence of free communication between the right and left hepatic ducts or about the site of the bile leakage (Fig. 3). keywords: bile; duct; gallbladder cache: sajr-1402.pdf plain text: sajr-1402.txt item: #155 of 946 id: sajr-1403 author: Duncan, Ian C.; Sher, Basil J. title: Dystrophic calcification in an old cerebral infarction date: 2003-06-30 words: 814 flesch: 37 summary: Other known causes of cerebral calcification are listed in Table I. To date no reports concerning the magnetic resonance imaging (MR!) appearance of dystrophic calcification in cerebral infarcts have appeared. Kuzuhara S, Naito Y, Namura Y, Takahashi R, Chiba K. CT demonstration of calcification within old cerebral infarcts. keywords: calcification; infarct cache: sajr-1403.pdf plain text: sajr-1403.txt item: #156 of 946 id: sajr-1405 author: Hack, Jonathan P. title: Renovascular anatomy as depicted by multislice helical CT date: 2003-06-30 words: 1091 flesch: 60 summary: Curved MPR demonstrating a clrcumeor- tic left renal vein. Fig. 12. Left renal vein keywords: fig; image; left; vein cache: sajr-1405.pdf plain text: sajr-1405.txt item: #157 of 946 id: sajr-1406 author: Duncan, Ian C. title: Tips for the Radiologist: Catheter-induced arterial spasm and standing waves date: 2003-06-30 words: 2 flesch: 120 summary: PDF File keywords: pdf cache: sajr-1406.pdf plain text: sajr-1406.txt item: #158 of 946 id: sajr-1408 author: Duncan, Ian C. title: Tips for the Radiologist: Academic writing in radiology - Results of a local survey date: 2003-06-30 words: 1954 flesch: 59 summary: S Afr Med J 2002; 92(1): 35-38. Andronikou S, Fink AM. S Afr Med J 1999; 89: 42-43. keywords: afr; andronikou; beningfield; children; med; pediatr; south cache: sajr-1408.pdf plain text: sajr-1408.txt item: #159 of 946 id: sajr-1409 author: Emby, Don title: Letter to the Editor date: 2003-06-30 words: 367 flesch: 50 summary: LETTERS Letters to the Editor No scientific or medical journal would be complete without a section for the publication of letters from its readership. The authors of the article sum up these pitfalls very aptly when they state: 'Although helical scanning has led to increased lesion detectability, it has also produced some artifacts unique to this technique: As the custodians of imaging, our role in defining what is normal must always remain as important as detect- ing what is abnormal. keywords: letters cache: sajr-1409.pdf plain text: sajr-1409.txt item: #160 of 946 id: sajr-141 author: van der Walt, Betsie; Raven, Sonja; Lockhat, Zarina; van de Werke, Irma title: An unusual presentation of tuberculous lymphadenopathy, paraspinal masses with spondylitis in a young boy date: 2004-06-05 words: 1159 flesch: 51 summary: May 2004 terium tuberculosis involving one or more components of the spine, name- ley the vertebra, intervertebral discs, paraspinal soft tissues and epidural space. Abscesses may burrow for a dis- tance before perforating an internal organ or the skin. keywords: abscess; abscesses; infection; lumbar cache: sajr-141.pdf plain text: sajr-141.txt item: #161 of 946 id: sajr-1410 author: Emby, Don title: Letter to the Editor: Chest radiograph: 'Let the reader beware' date: 2003-11-30 words: 233 flesch: 60 summary: Our radiographers are well aware of the need to remove radio- opaque items, but do not press patients to remove items from their persons where patients are reluctant to do so (unless it is found that the item specifically obscures an area of interest). I enjoyed Ian Duncan's 'The ghost in the machine' in the June 2003 issue of the SA]R. I feel that such 'Pictorial Interludes' or photo pages add interest to journals. keywords: letter cache: sajr-1410.pdf plain text: sajr-1410.txt item: #162 of 946 id: sajr-1411 author: du Toit, Andrew title: Relevant radiological reporting date: 2003-02-28 words: 422 flesch: 54 summary: In private practice radiologists are pressurised to issue reports within minutes of the examination being completed. These new machines sometimes make pathology startlingly obvious, but does the interpretation that we convey in the report really help the clinician? Radiologists endeavour to keep pace with imaging advances, and invest in expensive hardware that requires ongoing investment in expensive software upgrades. keywords: report cache: sajr-1411.pdf plain text: sajr-1411.txt item: #163 of 946 id: sajr-1413 author: Solomon, D. J. title: Reporting the small bowel examination date: 2003-02-28 words: 1201 flesch: 46 summary: Conclusion The pathological spectrum of small bowel disease is wide, and other than the pathognomonic features of Crohn's disease, all abnormalities have a differential diagnosis that should be interpreted in conjunction with the patient's clinical history and consulta- tion with the referring doctor. Ultrasound, CT and more recently MR all contribute to assessment of small bowel pathology but generally the initial request is for a barium small bowel examination. keywords: bowel; disease; examination cache: sajr-1413.pdf plain text: sajr-1413.txt item: #164 of 946 id: sajr-1415 author: Hacking, G. E.B.; Steyn, R. C.; Matley, P. J. title: Helical CT of abdominal aortic aneurysms prior to endovascular stent graft repair date: 2003-02-28 words: 1954 flesch: 48 summary: al CT images (Figs 4 and 5) to mea- sure diameters of vessels with long axes perpendicular to the axial plane (the usual orientation of the abdomi- nal aorta and most AAM). For similar reasons we prefer to use MIP images for vessel length measurements because calculations based on the table positions of axial images do not take vessel obliquity or tortuosity into account, which results in length underestimation due to geo- metrical foreshortening. keywords: aneurysm; arteries; esg; iliac; mip cache: sajr-1415.pdf plain text: sajr-1415.txt item: #165 of 946 id: sajr-1416 author: du Toit, Andrew; Wood, Lucille; Jacobs, Peter title: Practical radiology of plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma date: 2003-02-28 words: 2515 flesch: 51 summary: Ravaud p, Thepot C, Auleley GR, Amor B. Imaging of multiple myeloma. Clark AD, Shetty A, Soutar R. Renal failure and multiple myeloma: pathogenesis and treatment of renal failure and management of underlying myeloma. keywords: bone; imaging; marrow; myeloma; radiology; stage cache: sajr-1416.pdf plain text: sajr-1416.txt item: #166 of 946 id: sajr-1417 author: de Villiers, Richard title: Shoulder impingement date: 2003-02-28 words: 1578 flesch: 51 summary: The basis for the shoulder impingement syndrome is the restricted space that exists between the coracohumeral arch above and the humeral head and tuberosities below. Shoulder impingement syndrome. keywords: calcification; cuff; impingement; rotator; shoulder cache: sajr-1417.pdf plain text: sajr-1417.txt item: #167 of 946 id: sajr-1418 author: Payne, Martyn; Linegar, Anthony G. title: Lung cancer: What the surgeon needs to know date: 2003-02-28 words: 2371 flesch: 54 summary: I I Positron emission tomography PET scanning relies on the increased metabolism of glucose in tumour cells to characterise glands and masses. Approximately 80% of lung can- cers are categorised as non-small cell tumours (NSCLCA) and the rest (20%) are small cell tumours. keywords: assessment; cancer; disease; lung; metastases; staging; tumour cache: sajr-1418.pdf plain text: sajr-1418.txt item: #168 of 946 id: sajr-1419 author: Andronikou, Savvas; Mezzabotta, Marisa title: Minimising radiation dose using pulsed digital fluoroscopy in the investigation of children date: 2003-02-28 words: 2242 flesch: 56 summary: are far lower than fluoroscopy plus 'spot- film' doses and that 'picture-grabs' are stored images of fluoroscopy. A multihospital survey of radiation exposure and image quality in pediatric fluo- roscopy. keywords: fluoroscopy; grab; image; picture; position; radiation cache: sajr-1419.pdf plain text: sajr-1419.txt item: #169 of 946 id: sajr-142 author: Lockhat, Zarina; van de Werke, Irma; van der Walt, Betsie title: Bilateral low-density lesions in the internal capsule, with confirmed cryptococcus meningitis and CNS toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients date: 2004-06-05 words: 2374 flesch: 53 summary: On MR spectroscopy, toxoplasma lesions have markedly increased lipid and lactate peaks with a decrease in other metabolites, while lymphoma has only a mild or moderate increase on lactate and lipids, but a substantial increase in the choline peak (thought to be due to increased cellularity). Pre-contrast CT toxoplasma lesions appear as rounded masses that are rel- atively isodense compared with grey matter and they can often be detected on pre-contrast CT due to the adja- cent oedema and mass effect. keywords: cns; contrast; infection; lesions; spaces; toxoplasma cache: sajr-142.pdf plain text: sajr-142.txt item: #170 of 946 id: sajr-1420 author: Andronikou, Savvas; Boeddinghaus, Rudolf; Welman, Chris J. title: Value of MRI in paediatric closed head injury date: 2003-02-28 words: 715 flesch: 58 summary: The persis- tent vegetative state after closed head injury: clinical and magnetic resonance imaging find- ings in 42 patients. (a) Diffusion-weighted image demonstrates high signal over the cor- pus callosum (star) and at the left insular grey-white interface (arrowheads) in keeping with cytotoxic oede- ma. keywords: injury; signal cache: sajr-1420.pdf plain text: sajr-1420.txt item: #171 of 946 id: sajr-1423 author: Labuscagne, J. H. title: STAR: Advances in oncological imaging date: 2002-12-31 words: 696 flesch: 47 summary: Professor Hricak is Chairman of the Imaging Department of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre in New York. In addition to Professor Margulis and Professor Hricak, a team of internation- ally acclaimed experts in radiology was invited. keywords: imaging; meeting; professor cache: sajr-1423.pdf plain text: sajr-1423.txt item: #172 of 946 id: sajr-1424 author: Sher, Basil J.; Duncan, Ian C. title: Bronchiolitis obliterans: An illustrative case following toxic fume exposure date: 2002-12-31 words: 1444 flesch: 42 summary: An obstructive picture was obtained on lung function testing. The diagnosis is extremely difficult to make at open lung biopsy, and relies more upon the combination of clinical features, lung function testing and the radiographic findings. keywords: areas; attenuation; bronchiolitis; lung; obliterans cache: sajr-1424.pdf plain text: sajr-1424.txt item: #173 of 946 id: sajr-1425 author: Duncan, Ian C.; Volkersz, Hans H. title: Radiographic imaging following the use of absorbable internal fixation devices in orthopaedic surgery: The 'invisible' screws date: 2002-12-31 words: 1053 flesch: 53 summary: absorbable internal fixation devices occurred in Finland in 1984 in a num- ber of ankle fracture repairs. The presence of metallic devices can result in signifi- cant imaging artefacts particularly with magnetic resonance imaging, which can result in sub-optimal post- operative imaging. keywords: absorbable; devices; fixation; screws cache: sajr-1425.pdf plain text: sajr-1425.txt item: #174 of 946 id: sajr-1426 author: Tsatsi, L. D.R. title: We are in this together date: 2002-09-30 words: 527 flesch: 62 summary: Congratulations Congratulations to Professor Peter Corr who was awarded the Antoine Beclere Medal for service to radiology at the International Society of Radiology (ISR) 2002 Meeting, held in Cancun, Mexico. The appalling state of equipment and service within the public service today is of great concern to us all. keywords: farmer; radiology cache: sajr-1426.pdf plain text: sajr-1426.txt item: #175 of 946 id: sajr-143 author: Adroos, Narosha title: Complete molar pregnancy in a 53-year-old woman date: 2004-06-05 words: 465 flesch: 53 summary: Complete molar pregnancy in a 53-year-old woman Narosha Adroos MB ChB Department of Diagnostic Radiology Pretoria Academic Hospital Fig. 1a. Routine blood tests were normal, except for a B-HCG level of 843 636 IU/l. On transabdominal sonar the uterus measured approximately 23 cm in length x 12 cm in width with hyperechoic vesicular contents and densely packed multiple small cysts. keywords: pregnancy; years cache: sajr-143.pdf plain text: sajr-143.txt item: #176 of 946 id: sajr-1430 author: Tsatsi, L. D.R.; Ozoh, J. O. title: New CT signs of alveolar cell carcinoma date: 2002-09-30 words: 825 flesch: 62 summary: Discussion Our patient had specific signs of bronchoalveolar consolidation which include squeezing, stretching and sweeping patent air bronchograms within the consolidated lung.' Dense consolidation in the left lower zone with air bronchograms. keywords: carcinoma; fig; figs cache: sajr-1430.pdf plain text: sajr-1430.txt item: #177 of 946 id: sajr-1431 author: Tsatsi, L. D.R.; Okoli, B. title: Occult spinal dysraphism date: 2002-09-30 words: 1080 flesch: 62 summary: Spinal dysraphism is explained by two theories. Spinal dysraphism. keywords: carcinoma; dysraphism; occult; region; spinal cache: sajr-1431.pdf plain text: sajr-1431.txt item: #178 of 946 id: sajr-1432 author: Tsatsi, L. D.R.; Ahmad, S. title: A case of elongated cervical canal date: 2002-09-30 words: 1021 flesch: 66 summary: For registration forms and further details, please contact: London CT Course Ltd, Secretariat Office, 36 Portland Place, London, WI B I AT, UK. Coronal reconstructed CT images showing a long cervical canal interspersed between two huge flbroids. keywords: canal; imaging; radiology cache: sajr-1432.pdf plain text: sajr-1432.txt item: #179 of 946 id: sajr-1433 author: Ozoh, J. O.; Tsatsi, L. D.R.; Broudie, H. B. title: Klippel-Feil syndrome date: 2002-09-30 words: 1145 flesch: 59 summary: Further investigations revealed a plethora of congenital anomalies, including atlanto-occipital fusion, basilar impression, congenital fusion of CS and C6 vertebrae, scoliosis with convexity to the right side, complete situs inversus, and bilateral pelvic kid- neys. Lateral skull and cervical spine X-ray showed atlanto- occipital fusion, congenital fusion of CS and C6 and basilar impression (Fig. keywords: feil; fusion; klippel; syndrome cache: sajr-1433.pdf plain text: sajr-1433.txt item: #180 of 946 id: sajr-1434 author: Duncan, Ian C. title: Arteriovenous shunting and early cortical venous filling in subacute cerebral infarction: An old angiographic finding revisited date: 2002-09-30 words: 965 flesch: 55 summary: CASE REPORT Arteriovenous shunting and early cortical venous filling in subacute cerebral infarction an old angio- graphic finding revisited Ian C Duncan FFRad(D)SA Unitas Interventional Unit POBox 14031 Lyttelton 0140 Abstract Demonstrated in this report is an example of arteriovenous shunting and early venous filling in an area of cerebral infarction recorded on digital subtraction angiography. Thus we were able to show by means of high-quality dig- ital subtraction angiography this excellent example of luxury perfu- sion with arteriovenous shunting and early venous filling related to cerebral infarction, an angiograph- ic appearance seldom seen nowa- days. keywords: angiography; infarction; right cache: sajr-1434.pdf plain text: sajr-1434.txt item: #181 of 946 id: sajr-1435 author: Sher, B. J.; Duncan, Ian C. title: Hepatocerebral degeneration: A case report date: 2002-09-30 words: 958 flesch: 46 summary: Sagittal unenhanced T1 MR scan showing increased signal intensity within the mesen- cephalon with sparing of the red nuclei. Discussion The causes for increased TI- weighted signal intensity in the basal ganglia on MRI scans of the brain are shown in Table I. keywords: brain; fig; signal cache: sajr-1435.pdf plain text: sajr-1435.txt item: #182 of 946 id: sajr-1436 author: Duncan, Ian C.; Fourie, P. A. title: Hepatic 'pseudo lesions': Still an unrecognised pitfall date: 2002-09-30 words: 564 flesch: 63 summary: Late (venous) phase seen at the same level now showing hepatic vein enhancement. In general, post-contrast helical scans are consid- ered to be 'early' or 'arterial' phase scans when done during the hepatic arterial enhancement stage, roughly between 20 and 40 seconds after administering an IV contrast bolus, and 'late' or 'venous' phase scans are obtained during the peak of portal vein enhancement at approximately 60 - 90 seconds post bolus. keywords: contrast; phase cache: sajr-1436.pdf plain text: sajr-1436.txt item: #183 of 946 id: sajr-1437 author: Ebrahim, N. title: Development of a postural support device for crosstable radiography of the extremities date: 2002-09-30 words: 1272 flesch: 54 summary: Fig. 3 illustrates the application of the device during cross-table lateral radiography of the hip joint. SHORT REPORT Development of a postural support device for cross- table radiography of the extremities N Ebrahim Nat Dip Rad (Diag), FETe (London), MSc Radiography (Diag) (UK) Department of Radiography Medical University of Southern Africa Introduction A postural support device (*RSA Registered Design Application No. F2002/0033) was originally developed to provide irnrnobilisation for patients requiring cross-table radiography of the hip joint. keywords: device; radiography; support; table cache: sajr-1437.pdf plain text: sajr-1437.txt item: #184 of 946 id: sajr-1438 author: de Vries, C. S. title: The radiologist: Does s/he have a place in modern medicine? date: 2002-06-30 words: 316 flesch: 58 summary: The saying goes that a fool can ask more questions than a wise man can answer! While the radiologist answers complicated diagnostic questions every day, s/he often refuses to answer these basic questions. keywords: radiology cache: sajr-1438.pdf plain text: sajr-1438.txt item: #185 of 946 id: sajr-144 author: Smal, Janet title: Large fibroadenoma mimicking malignancy date: 2004-06-05 words: 459 flesch: 53 summary: On ultrasound examination an irregular, lobulated, large mass was detected in the superior lateral quad- rant of the right breast. Transverse section of fibroadenoma on ultrasound. keywords: fibroadenoma; mass cache: sajr-144.pdf plain text: sajr-144.txt item: #186 of 946 id: sajr-1440 author: Otto, S. title: Consent to treatment date: 2002-06-30 words: 2297 flesch: 65 summary: The important underlying objective that the doctrine of informed consent was designed to serve is often overlooked Consent to treatment or ignored, namely the protection of the patient's fundamental rights of personal autonomy and bodily integrity. Enabling patients to make treat- ment choices that are informed by their own and not their doctor's, the medical profession's or even the Government's values and goals is and should be the objective of informed consent. keywords: consent; law; patient; person; treatment cache: sajr-1440.pdf plain text: sajr-1440.txt item: #187 of 946 id: sajr-1441 author: Marais, M. J.; de Vries, C. S. title: An audit of percutaneous biliary stenting for the palliation of pancreatic cancer: Results, post-procedural survival period, and comparison of plastic and mental stents date: 2002-06-30 words: 1575 flesch: 57 summary: With the 19 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2002 first procedure 17 patients received metal stents (mean age 59.8 years), and 43 patients received plastic stents (mean age 62.3 years). The median survival period for patients who received plastic stents was 37 days, and for those who received metal stents 72 days. keywords: biliary; patients; plastic; stents cache: sajr-1441.pdf plain text: sajr-1441.txt item: #188 of 946 id: sajr-1442 author: van der Merwe, J. P.; de Vries, C. S. title: Percutaneous kidney stone removal: History, anatomy and statistical analysis of a group of patients date: 2002-06-30 words: 898 flesch: 60 summary: Incomplete stone removal was as a result of intraoperative bleeding, extravasation, multiple stones which could not be reached with a single tract, transference of stones to unreachable calices and small residual fragments smaller than 3 mm. Models ol kidney anatomy. keywords: calices; kidney; stones cache: sajr-1442.pdf plain text: sajr-1442.txt item: #189 of 946 id: sajr-1443 author: Potgieter, H. F.; de Vries, C. S.; Loggenberg, E. title: Technical success rate of uterine artery embolisation for treatment of uterine leiomyomas at the University of the Free State date: 2002-06-30 words: 1654 flesch: 58 summary: Uterine artery embolisation has been reported to be a minimally inva- sive, safe and effective alternative to traditional uterine leiomyoma treat- ment. : Uterine artery embolisation was first used in the 1970s to treat post- 26 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2002 partum haemorrhage. keywords: artery; catheter; embolisation; patients; right; treatment cache: sajr-1443.pdf plain text: sajr-1443.txt item: #190 of 946 id: sajr-1447 author: van der Ness, M. N.; Stassen, L. W. title: Dysphagia aortic: Dual aortic impressions on barium swallow date: 2002-06-30 words: 1188 flesch: 48 summary: Dysphagia due to all types of thoracic aortic aneurysm is uncommon but well documented. It is important to remember that diffuse infiltrating adenocarcinomas of the gastro-oesophageal junction can mimic the radiological and manometric features of true achalasia CASE REPORT by mechanical obstruction of the dis- tal oesophagus, as weU as infiltration and destruction of the myenteric plexus by the tumour,' This condition, termed pseudoachalasia, must be excluded before making a diagnosis of either classic achalasia or dysphagia aortica. keywords: aorta; aortic; dysphagia; oesophagus cache: sajr-1447.pdf plain text: sajr-1447.txt item: #191 of 946 id: sajr-1448 author: Potgieter, P.; Loggenberg, E. title: Gradenigo's syndrome date: 2002-06-30 words: 733 flesch: 52 summary: On exam- ination the following were found: suppurative otitis media left ear with perforation of the tympanic mem- brane, musculus rectus lateralis paral- ysis left eye, facial pain on the left side with N.VI and N.V2 distribution, and periorbital oedema. CASE REPORT Gradenigo's syndrome P Potgieter MBChB E Loggenberg MMedRad(D) Department of Diagnostic Radiology University of the Free State Bloemfontein Case report A 3-year-old child with a one- week history of otitis media was treat- ed with intravenous antibiotics in a peripheral hospital. keywords: media; palsy cache: sajr-1448.pdf plain text: sajr-1448.txt item: #192 of 946 id: sajr-1449 author: Kritzinger, H. G. title: Neurofibromatosis type 2: A case study date: 2002-06-30 words: 2657 flesch: 60 summary: Individuals with multiple NF-2 manifestations and no bilateral vestibular schwannomas classified as presumptive NF-2 may represent developing NF-2, in which other CASE REPORT NF-2 features have not yet manifested, or NF-2 mosaicism. If no further tumours develop during a 5 - lO-year period or if NF-2 molecular testing becomes more reliable for exclusion, then screening for possible NF-2 can be relaxed. keywords: gene; individuals; neurofibromatosis; nf-2; schwannomas; tumours; type; vestibular cache: sajr-1449.pdf plain text: sajr-1449.txt item: #193 of 946 id: sajr-145 author: Ker, J. title: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis - a case report and review date: 2004-06-05 words: 1032 flesch: 43 summary: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis in four siblings. Trapnell BC, Whitsett JA, Nakata K. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. keywords: alveolar; pap; proteinosis; pulmonary cache: sajr-145.pdf plain text: sajr-145.txt item: #194 of 946 id: sajr-1450 author: Fourie, J.; Laubscher, R. title: Integration of the MEDITEC system in the Radiology Department of the University of the Free State date: 2002-06-30 words: 1039 flesch: 54 summary: The future Although the system has already changed our department to a large extent there are other modules that can be added to the system. Various other modules assist in booking patients and cost control for the hospital and departments. keywords: department; system cache: sajr-1450.pdf plain text: sajr-1450.txt item: #195 of 946 id: sajr-1451 author: Höll, Julian title: Academic radiology: Quo vadis? date: 2002-03-31 words: 547 flesch: 63 summary: But spare a moment for academic institutions, the place where the next gener- ation of 21st century radiologists is trained. We use old equipment in training young radiologists, as minimal funds are available for new equipment. keywords: radiology cache: sajr-1451.pdf plain text: sajr-1451.txt item: #196 of 946 id: sajr-1453 author: Howarth, G. R. title: Consent in radiology date: 2002-03-31 words: 2390 flesch: 49 summary: I Philosophically the paradigmatic example of respecting an individual's autonomy is taking informed consent from them prior to an examination or procedure.' : Once one has accepted that informed consent is mandatory, the basic structure of the consent process should be understood and followed (Table I).! keywords: consent; disclosure; information; medical; patient; screening cache: sajr-1453.pdf plain text: sajr-1453.txt item: #197 of 946 id: sajr-1454 author: Trollip, M. J. title: Mounier-Kuhn syndrome: A case study date: 2002-03-31 words: 1484 flesch: 55 summary: Mounier- Kuhn syndrome (tra- cheobronchomegaly). Normal tracheal diameter on a pos- tera-anterior radiograph is 20 mm, with a standard deviation of 2 mm. keywords: fig; left; right; syndrome; trachea; tracheobronchomegaly cache: sajr-1454.pdf plain text: sajr-1454.txt item: #198 of 946 id: sajr-1456 author: Godinho, Sheldon title: Boerhaave's syndrome date: 2002-03-31 words: 1166 flesch: 56 summary: Aspiration would probably be the first logical diagnostic considera- tion but oesophageal rupture must be borne in mind. Sabanathan S. Surgical management of intrathoracic oesophageal rupture. keywords: barium; chest; oesophageal; rupture cache: sajr-1456.pdf plain text: sajr-1456.txt item: #199 of 946 id: sajr-1457 author: Sher, B. J.; Duncan, Ian C. title: Focal parenchymal sparing in fatty infiltration of the liver date: 2002-03-31 words: 1065 flesch: 53 summary: Tsushima Y. Spleen enlargement in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver, correlation between degree of fatty infiltration in liver and size of spleen. This area showed enhancement during the arterial, portal return and delayed phases of a triphasic contrast- enhanced liver scan compatible with that of normal liver tissue, whereas the rest of the fat-infiltrated parenchyma showed a lesser degree of enhance- ment during all three phases (Figs 3 and 4). keywords: fatty; imaging; infiltration; liver cache: sajr-1457.pdf plain text: sajr-1457.txt item: #200 of 946 id: sajr-1459 author: van de Werke, Irma; Lockhat, Zarina; van der Walt, Betsie; Abdullah, Rowaida title: Calcified mitral subannular left ventricular aneurysm date: 2002-03-31 words: 1518 flesch: 57 summary: Taneja K, Mathur A, Sharma S, Rajani M, Das B, Venugopal P. Magnetic resonance imaging fea- tures of submitral left ventricular aneurysm. Left ventricular aneurysms of the annular subvalvular type were described in the literature before 1962, when Abrahams introduced the term 'annular subvalvular left ventricular aneurysm' for this unusual type aris- ing in the fibrous rings below the mitral or aortic valves. keywords: aneurysm; cardiac; chest; mitral; valve cache: sajr-1459.pdf plain text: sajr-1459.txt item: #201 of 946 id: sajr-146 author: Lockhat, Zarina; van de Werke, Irma; vn der Walt, Betsie title: Practical guidelines in the application of response evaluation criteria for solid tumours (RECIST) in oncology imaging date: 2004-06-05 words: 1429 flesch: 51 summary: The longest diameter of the target lesion should be Table I. Definition of best response according to WHO or RECIST criteria Best response WHO change in sum of products RECIST change in the sum of the longest diameter Complete response (CR) Disappearance of all target lesions Disappearance of all without any residual lesion; confirmed target lesions; confirmed at 4 weeks at 4 weeks Partial response (PR) 50% or more decrease in target lesions, At least 30% reduction in the sum without a 25% increase in any one of the longest diameter of target target lesion; confirmed at 4 weeks lesions, taking as reference the baseline study; confirmed at 4 weeks Stable disease (SD) The RECIST criteria have been introduced to unify response assessment criteria, to define how to choose measurable lesions, and to enable the use of new imaging technologies (spiral computed tomography (CT) and magnetic reso- nance imaging (MRI)). keywords: criteria; lesions; response; target cache: sajr-146.pdf plain text: sajr-146.txt item: #202 of 946 id: sajr-1461 author: Andronikou, Savvas; McIvor, Bruce; Smith, Bruce title: Tips for the Radiologist: Looking for the 'pea in a pod' among the 'Swiss cheese' to diagnose neurocysticercosis date: 2002-03-31 words: 683 flesch: 66 summary: When the larvae are dead, cysts and scolices are seen as calcified lesions (Fig. I), and when there are multiple lesions it is known as the 'starry night' appear- ance on CT. Contrast-enhanced axial CT of the brain demonstrating the typical appearance of neurocys- ticercosis, with multiple cysts (thin arrows) situated predominantly at the grey-white interface. keywords: fig; stage cache: sajr-1461.pdf plain text: sajr-1461.txt item: #203 of 946 id: sajr-1462 author: Lloyd-Jones, A. R. title: Tips for the Radiologist:Why videofluoroscopy? date: 2002-03-31 words: 1983 flesch: 48 summary: Dysphagia may manifest in vary- ing degrees, from mild symptoms such as the sensation of food sticking in the throat, to severe dysphagia where the oral intake of food or liq- uids is impossible. Further, the study is designed to define optimal eating strategies to enable the patient to continue at least partial intake, Who to refer Any patient who complains of a swallowing disorder should at the very least be referred to a speech therapist who can utilise screening instruments to identify the extent of the problem/ This will avoid doing a videofluo- roscopy on patients who have mild oral phase dysphagia. keywords: dysphagia; evaluation; patient; swallowing; videofluoroscopy cache: sajr-1462.pdf plain text: sajr-1462.txt item: #204 of 946 id: sajr-1463 author: Andronikou, S.; Welman, C.; Kader, E. title: Chiari type I and II malformations date: 2002-03-31 words: 455 flesch: 56 summary: Chiari II malformation is initially encountered in children, occurring in virtually all those who have myelomeningocoele. This is the commonest indication for radiological evaluation at which time the features of Chiari type II will be visualised. keywords: chiari; type cache: sajr-1463.pdf plain text: sajr-1463.txt item: #205 of 946 id: sajr-1464 author: Andronikou, S.; Welman, C.; Kader, E.; Joubert, R. title: Computed tomography appearances in paediatric tuberous sclerosis date: 2002-03-31 words: 549 flesch: 58 summary: The open arrows indicate white matter lesions of low density with partial calcification (high-density focus). Subependymal calcified hamatomas (arrows) are seen along the sutiece of the bodies of the lateral ventricles. keywords: age; lesions cache: sajr-1464.pdf plain text: sajr-1464.txt item: #206 of 946 id: sajr-1465 author: Andronikou, Savvas; Welman, Chris; Kader, Ebrahim title: Delayed computed tomography appearances of hypoxic ischaemic injury in premature neonates date: 2002-03-31 words: 293 flesch: 63 summary: Marked supratentorial white matter loss seen as cystic (low-density) areas of liquefaction abutting the ventncles. Computed tomog- raphy (CT) is indicated after fontanelle closure and when there is non-specific ventricular enlargement found at US. keywords: matter; neonates cache: sajr-1465.pdf plain text: sajr-1465.txt item: #207 of 946 id: sajr-1466 author: Wieselthaler, Nicky; Andronikou, Savvas title: Colpocephaly date: 2002-03-31 words: 316 flesch: 51 summary: References l. Cerullo A, Marini C, Ceroli S, Carelli V, Montagna P, Tinuper P. Colpocephaly in two siblings: Further evidence of a genetic transmis- sion. PICTORIAL INTERLUDE Colpocephaly Nicky Wieselthaler MB chá FCRad (D) FCRC (Lond) Savvas Andronikou MB ChB, FCRad(D), FRCR (Lond) Department of Paediatric Radiology Red Cross War Memorial Childrens Hospital University of Cape Town and Institute of Child Health Colpocephaly was first described by Benda in 1940 and termed vesicu- locephaly but was renamed colpocephaly by Yakovlev and Wadsworth in 1946. keywords: colpocephaly; horns cache: sajr-1466.pdf plain text: sajr-1466.txt item: #208 of 946 id: sajr-1467 author: Drosten, Ralph; Diedericks, C. F.G.; van Niekerk, A. J. title: An unusual renal cyst date: 2002-03-31 words: 311 flesch: 55 summary: Dahnert W. Radiology Review Manual. Supine radiograph showing an ill-defined radio-opaque calcific focus overlying the left renal lower po/e. These findings are consistent with the diagnosis of milk of calcium cyst. keywords: fig; renal cache: sajr-1467.pdf plain text: sajr-1467.txt item: #209 of 946 id: sajr-1468 author: Drosten, Ralph title: Normal variant striate calcification perpendicular to the lateral ventricles date: 2002-03-31 words: 170 flesch: 38 summary: Pre-contrast axial CT of the brain at the level of the lateral ventricles showing striate calcifications perpendicular to the lateral ventricles in the deep white matter of the corona radiata. 51 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • March 2002 keywords: ventricles cache: sajr-1468.pdf plain text: sajr-1468.txt item: #210 of 946 id: sajr-1469 author: Andronikou, Savvas title: Pediatric Neuroimaging date: 2002-03-31 words: 578 flesch: 55 summary: Pediatric Neuroimaging 3/e A. James Barkovich Thoroughly updated and substantially expanded, the Third Edition of this acclaimed reference covers the full range of pediatric diseases diagnosable by modern neuroimaging. Most chapters include new diseases, as well as updates on entities previously described. keywords: edition; neuroimaging cache: sajr-1469.pdf plain text: sajr-1469.txt item: #211 of 946 id: sajr-147 author: van de Werke, Irma; Lockhat, Zarina; van der Walt, Betsie; Abdullah, Rowaida title: The big-hearted man now in trouble date: 2004-06-05 words: 684 flesch: 62 summary: 4. Taneja K, Mathur A, Sharma S, Rajani M, Das B, Venugopal P. Magnetic resonance imaging fea- tures of submitral left ventricular aneurysm. Submitral aneurysms occur in the epicardium, related to the base of the left ventricle.5 These aneurysms have ovoid ostia which are frequently multiple and located under the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve. keywords: aneurysms; fig; journal cache: sajr-147.pdf plain text: sajr-147.txt item: #212 of 946 id: sajr-1470 author: Andronikou, Savvas title: The diaspora of radiologists in a quest for fellowships: An easy way out, or is there a gap in our training programmes? date: 2001-10-31 words: 657 flesch: 48 summary: Such fields include cross-sectional imaging, neuroradiology, muskuloskeletal radiology, paediatric radiology and even more refined areas such as paediatric neuroradiology. Currently seven Cape Town graduates have already or are about to enter fellowship posts in the above countries. keywords: radiology; training cache: sajr-1470.pdf plain text: sajr-1470.txt item: #213 of 946 id: sajr-1474 author: Andronikou, Savvas; Kader, Ebrahim; Welman, Chris title: Standardised ultrasound technique for evaluation of urinary tract infection in South African children highlighting the capabilities and pitfalls of this modality date: 2001-10-31 words: 1503 flesch: 53 summary: The imaging of UTI in children is a controversial sub- 35 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • October 2001 terpretation of US findings that are not evidence-based. US ele- gantly demonstrates many features of the urinary tract including renal size, congenital abnormalities, calculi and, in particular, obstruction to flow (pelvicalyceal dilation), a treatable though relatively rare cause of UTP4 As is well recognised, the diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility of US findings are user-dependent, Stand- ardisation of US technique not only improves its diagnostic power, but also facilitates easy and reliable patient follow-up. keywords: children; fig; kidney; renal cache: sajr-1474.pdf plain text: sajr-1474.txt item: #214 of 946 id: sajr-1475 author: Allopi, S.; Singh, B.; Moodley, J.; Maharaj, J. title: A bizarre cause of gastric outlet obstruction date: 2001-10-31 words: 1009 flesch: 57 summary: We report possibly the first case of GOO caused by metallic foreign bodies occluding the pyloro-duodenal junction. Foreign bodies causing GOO are extremely rare. keywords: bodies; gastric; goo; objects cache: sajr-1475.pdf plain text: sajr-1475.txt item: #215 of 946 id: sajr-1476 author: Drosten, Ralph title: A midline nasopharyngeal cystic structure: Thornwaldt's cyst date: 2001-10-31 words: 780 flesch: 63 summary: Eighty per cent of foreign bodies in the upper gastro-intestinal tract occur in paediatric patients, followed by edentulous adults, prisoners and psychiatric patients.' Management of foreign bodies of the upper gastrointestinal tract. keywords: cyst; midline; nasopharyngeal cache: sajr-1476.pdf plain text: sajr-1476.txt item: #216 of 946 id: sajr-1477 author: Drosten, Ralph title: Intertrochanteric stress fracture following the Comrades Marathon date: 2001-10-31 words: 1198 flesch: 60 summary: Common sites for stress fractures include the metatarsal shafts ('march fractures'), pubic rami, femoral neck, tibial and fibular shafts and the cal- caneal tuberosity. I': Pf!.vlt Figs 6. 'Tc MOP isotope study 10 days after the Comrades Marathon demonstrating uptake in the right intertrochanteric region (arrow), consistent with a stress fracture. of normal stresses applied to abnor- mal bone is an insufficiency fracture (normal stress to abnormal bone). keywords: bone; fracture; marathon; stress cache: sajr-1477.pdf plain text: sajr-1477.txt item: #217 of 946 id: sajr-1478 author: Drosten, Ralph title: A classical presentation of Peyronie's disease date: 2001-10-31 words: 948 flesch: 55 summary: The findings of hypere- choic foci or calcification within the corpora cavernosa or spongiosum may represent a Peyronie's plaque (Figs 1 and 2). CT can show disease that cannot be palpated or demonstrated clinically. keywords: disease; penis; peyronie cache: sajr-1478.pdf plain text: sajr-1478.txt item: #218 of 946 id: sajr-1479 author: Andronikou, S.; Smith, B. title: Tips for the Radiologist: Ultrasound evaluation of occult spinal dysraphism date: 2001-10-31 words: 1853 flesch: 57 summary: Normal ultra- sound anatomy The normal structures identified are depicted in Figs la and lb, and include the following: (l) a homoge- neously hypo echoic spinal cord with a central hyperechoic line representing the depth of the paramedian sulcus,' (il) the cord surrounded by the hyper- echoic pia mater and the hypoechoic eSF; (iii) eSF is usually seen only dor- sal to the cord as a normal untethered cord is dependent and lies in a ventral position against the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies when the patient is prone; (iv) hyperechoic dura surrounding the eSF and the unossified bony elements dorsal to this are identifiable; (v) the paraspinal muscles are seen in a paramedian position covered by a continuous layer of subcutaneous fat and skin:' (Vl) the conus is recognised as a smooth taper- ing structure that ends at the lower end of L3 in a normal infant:' (Vil) the filum terminale is seen extending as a hyperechoic line from the tip of the conus in a caudal direction to the back of the first coccygeal segment and should never be more than 3 mm in diameter or have any structures with- in it;' and (viil) the fine echogenie strands extending from the caudal portion of the conus represent the cauda equina.' There is an associated dorsal lipoma (thick straight arrow) and there are also cord elements protruding through the bony defect (white arrow·head), An associated distal cord syrinx is also present (thin straight arrow). keywords: conus; cord; findings; following; spinal; ultrasound cache: sajr-1479.pdf plain text: sajr-1479.txt item: #219 of 946 id: sajr-148 author: Beningfield, Steve title: ISR Congress date: 2006-02-25 words: 889 flesch: 51 summary: So the International Society of Radiology Congress blew through the Foreshore like the South-Easter – hopefully it went well for you? The remarkable work by the ever-energetic Jan Labuscagne over the protracted lead-in period was a major boost to the international profile of South African Radiology – thank you, Jan! Thanks also to my co-track chairs for shepherding their own programs through sometimes uncertain waters. keywords: congress; radiology; vascular cache: sajr-148.pdf plain text: sajr-148.txt item: #220 of 946 id: sajr-1480 author: Grove, H. title: Tips for the Radiologist: Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis - An overview date: 2001-10-31 words: 1062 flesch: 64 summary: Don S. de Baun M. Sensitivity and cost minimization analysis of radiology versus olive palpation for the diagno- sis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Pyloric index The pyloric index may be calcula- ted as follows: pyloric index = wall thickness x 2 x 100 maximum diameter Values greater than 50% and wall thickness 4 mm or more indicate HPS. Values less than 35% and wall thickness 1 - 3 mm indicate the absence of HPS. keywords: muscle; pyloric; stenosis; thickness cache: sajr-1480.pdf plain text: sajr-1480.txt item: #221 of 946 id: sajr-1481 author: Andronikou, Savvas; Nel, Conrad title: Diagnosis of paediatric Huntington's disease relies on imaging findings date: 2001-10-31 words: 444 flesch: 52 summary: Axial cerebral CT scsn of s child present- Ing with seizures. Juvenile presentation differs from that of adults, who usually show abnormal movements; in children there may be rigidity, dysarthria, progressive mental deterioration and convulsions. keywords: disease; imaging cache: sajr-1481.pdf plain text: sajr-1481.txt item: #222 of 946 id: sajr-1482 author: Codinho, Sheldon; Spiro, Farrell title: Obituary: Dr Tobie Rossouw date: 2001-10-31 words: 666 flesch: 66 summary: In time Tobie became my good friend and mentor, an ever- present source of wise counsel and advice with regard to difficult cases and practice problems. Tobie Rossouw was a man I came to know, love and admire. keywords: radiology; tobie cache: sajr-1482.pdf plain text: sajr-1482.txt item: #223 of 946 id: sajr-1483 author: Andronikou, Savvas title: SAJR: Quo vadis? date: 2001-02-28 words: 597 flesch: 50 summary: In this instance, because of my personal interest and inclination, the content deals almost exclusively with paediatric radiology. The les- son regarding paediatric radiology is that diseases in children are different from those in adults and that pathology is often age-related. keywords: editor; radiology cache: sajr-1483.pdf plain text: sajr-1483.txt item: #224 of 946 id: sajr-1485 author: Andronikou, S.; Kader, E.; Welman, C. J. title: Magnetic resonance features of intracranial tuberculosis in children date: 2001-02-28 words: 1092 flesch: 47 summary: Introduction The Western Cape has one of the highest incidences of intracranial TB in the world. This article demonstrates the MR imaging features of these forms of intracranial TB. keywords: intracranial; tbm cache: sajr-1485.pdf plain text: sajr-1485.txt item: #225 of 946 id: sajr-1488 author: Andronikou, S.; Welman, C.; Kader, E. title: Free intraperitoneal air on paediatric plain radiographs and differentiating this from a 'food mound' date: 2001-02-28 words: 539 flesch: 47 summary: E-mall;docsav@mweb.co.za Figure 1: Erect film showing right subphrenic free air (arrow) 29 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY· February 2001 is especially so when noted on the right above the liver (Figure I)} but also when situated between the dia- phragm and stomach (Figure 2).1 Figure 2: Erect film showing both right and left subphrenic free air (arrows) More difficult is the detection of free air on a supine film where air may present around the falciform ligament (Figure 3) or in the subhepatic space Figure 3: Supine film with free air outlining the falciform ligament (arrowheads) topage30 mailto:E-mall;docsav@mweb.co.za Free intraperitoneal air on paediatric plain radiographs and differentiating this frorn a 'food mound' from page 29 Figure 9: Horizontal beam supine film shows the free air just deep to the anterior surface with a visible Rigler's sign (arrow) Figure 5: The Rigler's sign, with air outlining both sides of the bowel wall (arrows) (Figure 4) or may delineate both sides of the bowel wall as the Rigler's sign (Figure 5).1,2 Larger volumes of air may be seen as the lucent liver sign (Figure 6) and small children may show large amounts of free intraperi- toneal air as the football sign (Fig- ure Every so often we are shown a ra- diograph like Figures 10 or II, where there is suspicion of free air under the left hemidiaphragm. keywords: air; figure cache: sajr-1488.pdf plain text: sajr-1488.txt item: #226 of 946 id: sajr-1490 author: de Villiers, R. title: Osteochondritis dissecans in adolescence date: 2001-02-28 words: 1665 flesch: 52 summary: The stress com- presses the bone and may result in a spectrum of injury ranging from articular cartilage injury to an osteochondral avulsion frac- ture. The knee, elbow and talus are the most common sites in- Figure 2: Axial CT of the left elbow viewed from the eraniad aspect. keywords: capitellum; defect; dissecans; elbow; mri; osteochondritis cache: sajr-1490.pdf plain text: sajr-1490.txt item: #227 of 946 id: sajr-1491 author: Davies, J. Q.; Andronikou, S.; Lawrenson, J. title: An unusual congenital pulmonary arterio-venous fistula date: 2001-02-28 words: 1630 flesch: 54 summary: Although most commonly a con- genital abnormality, abnormal com- munications between blood vessels of the lung may also be found in a vari- ety of acquired conditions, such as he- an inherited disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance, characterised by arteriovenous malformations of the skin, mucous membranes and visceral organs.' Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas, Mayo Clin Proc 1974; 49: 460-465. Il. keywords: arteriovenous; cases; congenital; malformations; masses; pulmonary cache: sajr-1491.pdf plain text: sajr-1491.txt item: #228 of 946 id: sajr-1492 author: Andronikou, S.; Smith, B. title: Melorheostosis in a 12-year-old child date: 2001-02-28 words: 1599 flesch: 64 summary: Keywords Sclerosis/ bone dysplasia/ cortical hyperostosis/ medullary encroachment limb asymmetry/ growth disturbances Case report A 12-year-old male presented with a small left hand. It may coexist with osteopoikolosis and osteopathia Figure 3: Both the left radius and ulna showed cortical thickening In the diaphyseal region, The ulna is affected to a greater degree, with both anterIor and posterior cortices showing thickening, whilst the radIal Involvement is restricted to the medial aspect. keywords: bone; children; hand; left; melorheostosis; thickening cache: sajr-1492.pdf plain text: sajr-1492.txt item: #229 of 946 id: sajr-1493 author: Andronikou, S.; Welman, C.; Kader, E. title: The computed tomography features of multifocal nephroblastomatosis date: 2001-02-28 words: 602 flesch: 48 summary: Even though unifocal and diffuse disease occurs, multifocal nephroblastomatosis is the most common type encoun- tered. The centrally located normal Figures la and lb: Pre- and post-contrast CT of the kidneys. keywords: contrast; nephroblastomatosis cache: sajr-1493.pdf plain text: sajr-1493.txt item: #230 of 946 id: sajr-1494 author: Duminiet, Barbara title: Tips for the Radiologist: A nursing perspective on sedating children for CT scanning date: 2001-02-28 words: 493 flesch: 56 summary: TIPS A nursing perspective on sedating children for CT scanning Having been a Professional Nurse in the CT Scanning Department at the Red Cross Children's Hospital since 1987 and having had to prepare chil- dren for CT scanning, I have found that the following groups of children almost always need to be sedated for the investigation: infants, toddlers, un- cooperative children, those having long examinations and those who are developmentally delayed. Pre- assessment of children who are at risk of respiratory arrest is undertaken and sedation for these patients is admin- istered only by the attending physi- cian. keywords: children cache: sajr-1494.pdf plain text: sajr-1494.txt item: #231 of 946 id: sajr-1495 author: Klein, M. title: Tips for the Radiologist: The adenoid and snoring date: 2001-02-28 words: 869 flesch: 60 summary: Adenoids are often said to have re- grown, but organs do not regrow after re- moval. The CT in Figure 4 shows homogeneous soft tissue mass (adenoid) be- tween the base of the skull and the posterior margin of the nasal septum - the internal nares. keywords: adenoid; snoring cache: sajr-1495.pdf plain text: sajr-1495.txt item: #232 of 946 id: sajr-1496 author: Andronikou, S.; Smith, B. title: Tips for the Radiologist: When and how to perform intravenous urography in children date: 2001-02-28 words: 2 flesch: 120 summary: PDF File keywords: pdf cache: sajr-1496.pdf plain text: sajr-1496.txt item: #233 of 946 id: sajr-1497 author: Andronikou, S.; Welman, C.; Kader, E. title: Tips for the Radiologist: Clarifying lucent oval skull markings in children - Craniolacunia, convolutional markings and copper-beaten skull date: 2001-02-28 words: 1168 flesch: 54 summary: By noting the clinical setting, the age of the patient and associated skull abnormalities, the appropriate terms can be used so that normal convolu- tional markings can be distinguished from accentuated markings of copper (silver)-beaten skull in raised intrac- ranial pressure (Iep) and the lacunae in patients with Liickenschadel ac- companying spinal dysraphism. Convolutional markings/ digital impressions These are normal markings seen as areas of decreased density in the calvarium (Figure 2). keywords: age; figure; markings; skull cache: sajr-1497.pdf plain text: sajr-1497.txt item: #234 of 946 id: sajr-1498 author: Carter, D. title: Tips for the Radiologist: The case of the regenerating cortex date: 2001-02-28 words: 220 flesch: 53 summary: The CT scans reproduced here dramati- cally show the process of cortical re- generation in a neonate presenting with congenital hy- drocephalus .The first scan is two days post-delivery, the sec- ond immediately af- ter insertion of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, and the final scan at age two. D Carter MBChB Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town SB SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY· February 2001 keywords: hydrocephalus cache: sajr-1498.pdf plain text: sajr-1498.txt item: #235 of 946 id: sajr-1499 author: Sanyika, C.; Marishane, L. title: A truly duplex renal system date: 2001-02-28 words: 61 flesch: 48 summary: S9 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY- February 2001 T A delayed digital abdominal radiograph (Figure 2) demonstrated a complete right duplex re- nal collecting system. keywords: system cache: sajr-1499.pdf plain text: sajr-1499.txt item: #236 of 946 id: sajr-15 author: Chacko, Anith title: CPD questionnaire date: 2013-11-08 words: 796 flesch: 47 summary: Concerning adrenal lesions encountered in current medical practice – a review of their radiological imaging: 8. 10. Chemical shift imaging is the principal technique employed in the MR evaluation of adrenal lesions using in- and out-of-phase techniques, and exploits the presence of abundant intracellular lipid in adenomas that helps to distinguish them from non-adenomatous lesions. keywords: lesions; stent cache: sajr-15.pdf plain text: sajr-15.txt item: #237 of 946 id: sajr-1512 author: Corr, Peter title: World Health Report 2000: Health system performance date: 2000-10-31 words: 484 flesch: 67 summary: (GDP) on health care, which compares well with other middle-income countries: 6% in Hungary, 3% in Malaysia and 4,7% in Chile, all of which have better performing health systems.' Health systems: Improving performance. keywords: health; world cache: sajr-1512.pdf plain text: sajr-1512.txt item: #238 of 946 id: sajr-1513 author: Corr, P.; Nadvi, S. title: Carotid cavernous aneurysm in an HIV-positive patient date: 2000-10-31 words: 1028 flesch: 57 summary: Cerebral artery aneurysms in children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Fulmer BB, Dillard SC, Musulman EM, Palmer CA, Oakes J. Two cases of cerebral aneurysms in HlV+ children, Pediair Neurosurg 1998; 28: 31-34. 3. keywords: aneurysms; carotid; cerebral; meningitis; patient cache: sajr-1513.pdf plain text: sajr-1513.txt item: #239 of 946 id: sajr-1514 author: Andronikou, S.; Dix-Peek, S.; Meerkotter, D. title: Five cases of paediatric cervical spine distraction injury date: 2000-10-31 words: 1921 flesch: 55 summary: The ligaments most responsible for primary stabilisation of the cranium on the spine are the tectorial membrane (the continuation of the posterior longitu- dinalligament up to the basion) and the paired alar ligaments (from the odontoid process to the occipital condyles) .4,5Atlanto-occipital disloca- tion (AOD) occurs more frequently in children than in adults.!,3,6AOD was considered rare, but new reports claim that it is a major contributor to mortality in paediatric trauma.t-' Lower cervical spine distraction is,how- ever;not as frequently described in chil- dren under eight years of age.' 4,5Lower cervical spine distrac- tion injury can lead to quadriplegia+ At least 25 reports of AOD have been made, but no significant series of lower cervical spine distraction was found.2,3,4,5,6 Methods of imaging include lateral cervical spine radiographs and CT scanning (using the digital 'scanogram' and multiplanar reconstruction), and MRI is used to assess cord damage in survivors. keywords: case; children; distraction; injury; spine cache: sajr-1514.pdf plain text: sajr-1514.txt item: #240 of 946 id: sajr-1515 author: Andronikou, S.; Welman, C.; Kader, E.; Joubert, R. title: Computed tomography features of venous sinus thrombosis and infarction in children date: 2000-10-31 words: 566 flesch: 47 summary: Beyond the acute phase, the adminis- tration of intravenous contrast may to page 15 mailto:docsav@mweb.co.za Computed torrmgrnp hv features of venous sinus thrombosis and venous infarction in children (rom page 14 Figure 4: 'Flame'-shaped densities representing haemorrhage along thrombosed cortical veins on the low-density background of oedema demonstrate the 'delta' sign. October 2000 Figure 2: Non-haemorrhagic venous infarct is seen as bilateral symmetrical subcortical white matter low-density involving the centrum semiovale Figure 3: Bilateral temporal venous infarcts resulting from thrombosis in both transverse sinuses (circles) su perior sagittal, transverse and straight sinuses as well as the vein of Galen. keywords: density; sinus cache: sajr-1515.pdf plain text: sajr-1515.txt item: #241 of 946 id: sajr-1518 author: Andronikou, S.; Welman, C.; Kader, E. title: A trio of multiple Wilms' tumours date: 2000-08-31 words: 1521 flesch: 56 summary: A DMSA scan demon- strated a differential function of 68% on the right and 32% on the left, Repeat CT showed more than one mass in the right kid- ney, In view of possible view of the clinical setting, the child salvage surgery in the was managed conservatively until his better functioning right kidney, an death, MRI was performed to delineate the Figures 211 and b: Bilateral tumours in a horseshoe kidney extent of the masses, At least five masses were demonstrated (Figures 3b,c,d), three of which were histologically proven nephroblastomatosis, A repeat course of chemotherapy was in- stituted, mour of children between one and eight years of age and is the third com- monest cause for a renal mass in child- hood after hydronephrosis and multicystic dysplastic kidney.' Bilateral tumours occur in 5% of cases and unilateral multicen- tric tumours in 7%. keywords: cases; kidney; nephroblastomatosis; tumours; wilms cache: sajr-1518.pdf plain text: sajr-1518.txt item: #242 of 946 id: sajr-1519 author: Burger, W. J. title: Metastatic osteosarcoma in the inferior vena cava and the right atrium date: 2000-08-31 words: 1676 flesch: 60 summary: There was clear (B) Six months later the CT was repeated and extensive infiltration into the soft tissue, right femoral vein and collateral veins are seen. The following points should be clari- fied before surgery: • whether the NC is involved by tumour thrombus and, if so, the na- ture of the primary tumour; • the cranial limit of the tumour thrombus extension, whether it in- volves the intra-hepatic IVe, the hepatic veins, or the right atrium; and • the presence or absence of tu- mour invasion of the wall of the NC 6 keywords: lung; osteosarcoma; right; tumour cache: sajr-1519.pdf plain text: sajr-1519.txt item: #243 of 946 id: sajr-1520 author: Andronikou, S.; Welman, C.; Kader, E. title: Barium peritonitis with barium entering the lymphatic system date: 2000-08-31 words: 787 flesch: 52 summary: Rectal perforation during barium enema. Fatal complications related to diagnostic barium enema. keywords: barium; bowel; enema cache: sajr-1520.pdf plain text: sajr-1520.txt item: #244 of 946 id: sajr-1521 author: Funston, Malcolm; Berry, Pieter title: An unusual pharyngeal mass: Tortuosity of the internal carotid artery date: 2000-08-31 words: 2 flesch: 120 summary: PDF File keywords: pdf cache: sajr-1521.pdf plain text: sajr-1521.txt item: #245 of 946 id: sajr-1522 author: Andronikou, S.; Welman, C.; Kader, E. title: Paediatric calvarial tuberculosis date: 2000-08-31 words: 1030 flesch: 58 summary: We present two paediatric cases of calvarial TB with discussion of the relevant literature. Axial post-contrast CT of the head demonstrates extracranial enhancing soft tissue (arrow) in the left frontotemporal region. keywords: calvarial; skull cache: sajr-1522.pdf plain text: sajr-1522.txt item: #246 of 946 id: sajr-1523 author: Whitehorn, Russel title: A picture paints 5 000 (pages of) words date: 2000-08-31 words: 2002 flesch: 52 summary: Furthermore, the system's MotionTrak technology allows patients to breathe freely while being examined - a definite plus for patients who are chronically short of breath. Assistance in complex interventional and therapeutic procedures is made possible with rhe new Gyroscan Intera liT, developed by Philips in partnership wirh leading medical research institutions. We believe that MR continuously changes how the world looks at diagnostic imaging and that our new Gyroscan Intera changes how the world looks at MR. keywords: bits; file; gyroscan; information; philips; system cache: sajr-1523.pdf plain text: sajr-1523.txt item: #247 of 946 id: sajr-1524 author: Corr, Peter title: Medical migration and South Africa date: 2000-04-30 words: 590 flesch: 59 summary: Coronary MR imaging is becoming a reality and the role of cardiology in MR imaging will have to be addressed by the radiology society and speciality. For radiologists to protect their referral base, they will have to keep up-to-date with the recent advances in MR technology and ultra fast imaging. keywords: imaging cache: sajr-1524.pdf plain text: sajr-1524.txt item: #248 of 946 id: sajr-1526 author: Corr, P. title: Introduction to MR H¹ spectroscopy date: 2000-04-30 words: 1437 flesch: 60 summary: Castillo M, Kwock L. Proton MR spectroscopy of common brain tumours. 4. Castillo M, Kwock L. Proton MR spectroscopy of common brain tumours. keywords: brain; lactate; mrs; spectroscopy; voxel cache: sajr-1526.pdf plain text: sajr-1526.txt item: #249 of 946 id: sajr-1527 author: Kruger, G. title: Mammographic density of breasts: The effect of hormone therapy date: 2000-04-30 words: 396 flesch: 58 summary: Discussion The cases described are two exam- ples of a diffuse increase in the glandu- lar element of breast tissue following hormone replacement therapy in post- menopausal women. April 2000 Figure 1(a) and (b): The images on the top half of the figures illustrate breast density before HRT, and the bottom half after HRT. in density of the breasts as a result of hormone replacement can also follow the administration of vaginal creams. keywords: density cache: sajr-1527.pdf plain text: sajr-1527.txt item: #250 of 946 id: sajr-1528 author: Solomon, D. J. title: Spontaneous subcapsular renal haematoma date: 2000-04-30 words: 882 flesch: 47 summary: An ultrasound examination revealed alO em solid appearing left renal mass replacing almost the entire left kid- ney, with only a small rim of renal tis- sue noted anteriorly. Pollack and Popky' reported small peripheral tumours in five of nine patients with spontaneous Figure 2: Post contrast showing compression of renal parenchyma. and confirmed surgically. keywords: haematoma; kidney; subcapsular cache: sajr-1528.pdf plain text: sajr-1528.txt item: #251 of 946 id: sajr-1529 author: Movson, I. J. title: Fibromatosis of right breast simulating carcinoma at mammography date: 2000-04-30 words: 2 flesch: 120 summary: PDF File keywords: pdf cache: sajr-1529.pdf plain text: sajr-1529.txt item: #252 of 946 id: sajr-153 author: Lameen, H; Andronikou, S; Ackermann, C; Cilliers, G; Schulze, O C; Erlank, E; Parsens, J J; Greyling, P J title: Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous versus retinal detachment date: 2006-02-25 words: 1934 flesch: 45 summary: SHORT REPORT SHORT REPORT 24 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • December 2006 SHORT REPORT 24 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • December 2006 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbits occasionally demon- strates retinal detachment (RD); this may be as an incidental finding, as a separate entity related to orbital pathology with differing local causes, or as a part of other congenital systemic or metabolic diseases. MRI scanning features of retinal detachment and associated causes can assist in differentiating both entities effectively, allowing the radiologist to reach the proper conclusions with resultant benefits in subsequent management. keywords: diagnosis; neurology; phpv; psychiatry cache: sajr-153.pdf plain text: sajr-153.txt item: #253 of 946 id: sajr-1531 author: Whitehorn, R. title: The hitchhiker's guide to your hard drive date: 2000-04-30 words: 2 flesch: 120 summary: PDF File keywords: pdf cache: sajr-1531.pdf plain text: sajr-1531.txt item: #254 of 946 id: sajr-1532 author: None title: sajr-1532 date: None words: 4564 flesch: 48 summary: Abstract Background: Multiple breast lesions resembling fibroadenomas are a common imaging finding in patients presenting to the mammography unit at Dr George Mukhari Academic Hospital in the North-West district of Tshwane, South Africa. Discussion Patients with multiple breast lesions resembling fibroadenomas but with atypical ultrasound findings or other indications for biopsy are a common occurrence in daily practice in the South African public health sector. keywords: breast; fibroadenomas; imaging; kaiser; lesions; patients; phyllodes; rads; system; ultrasound cache: sajr-1532.htm plain text: sajr-1532.txt item: #255 of 946 id: sajr-1536 author: Corr, Peter title: International College of Radiology date: 1998-05-31 words: 217 flesch: 45 summary: Regions where there has been rapid growth in radiology include China, India, South America andAfrica. The Radiological Society of South Africa is currently bidding to hold this prestigious international meeting in the year 2002, probably in Cape Town. keywords: radiology cache: sajr-1536.pdf plain text: sajr-1536.txt item: #256 of 946 id: sajr-1537 author: Rachman, I.; Boss, G. title: Linear diaphragmatic calcification in a two year-old child with tuberculosis date: 1998-05-31 words: 914 flesch: 52 summary: Figure 2: Chest radiograph two months after commencement of therapy demonstrating partial clearing of lung opacification and small fleck of calcification (arrow) on the right diaphragmatic pleura. May 1998 We describe the case of a young child with x-ray changes typical of pleural asbestosis, in which the min- eral could not be reasonably impli- cated. keywords: calcification; chest; syringes cache: sajr-1537.pdf plain text: sajr-1537.txt item: #257 of 946 id: sajr-1538 author: Pak, M. W.; Kew, J. title: Sphenochoanal polyp: Radiological diagnosis date: 1998-05-31 words: 1040 flesch: 60 summary: The dif- ferential diagnosis of a soft tissue mass in the sphenoethmoidal recess/choana could include nasal polyp with sphenoid sinusitis, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphoma. Choanal polyps from sphenoid si- nus are rare but share the characteristic similarity with the more common coun- terparts which arise from the maxillary sinus. keywords: polyp; sinus; sphenoid cache: sajr-1538.pdf plain text: sajr-1538.txt item: #258 of 946 id: sajr-1539 author: Solwa, Y.; Bereczky, Z. B.; Corr, P.; Maharajh, J.; Sanyika, C. title: Rupture of renal artery aneurysms in pregnancy date: 1998-05-31 words: 2851 flesch: 64 summary: The patient was counselled and agreed to to page 11 Rupture of renal artery aneurysms In pregnancy Figure tb: Duplex Doppler and colour Doppler ultrasound demonstrating extensive blood flow within the lesion have a termination of pregnancy. May 1998 major role in the development and rupture of renal artery aneurysms in pregnancy. keywords: aneurysm; artery; artery aneurysm; case; diagnosis; doppler; patient; pregnancy; renal; rupture cache: sajr-1539.pdf plain text: sajr-1539.txt item: #259 of 946 id: sajr-1540 author: Shaik, A. S.; Singh, B.; Maharajh, J.; Moodley, J. title: Gastropericardial fistula complicating an adenocarcinoma of the stomach date: 1998-05-31 words: 2050 flesch: 50 summary: Gastropericardial fistula with the re- sultant pneumopericardium is an ex- tremely rare condition with a high mor- tality.l,2,3This condition was first de- scribed by Hallin in 1891.4 To date 57 cases of gastropericardial fistula due to a disparate group of conditions have been reported in the literature. STRONG GROWTH Austin predicts strong growth for multi-vendor servicing offered by GE Macmed. keywords: africa; equipment; fistula; gastropericardial; macmed; medical; stomach cache: sajr-1540.pdf plain text: sajr-1540.txt item: #260 of 946 id: sajr-1542 author: Movson, I.; Corr, P. title: Disappearing breast cysts date: 1998-05-31 words: 446 flesch: 64 summary: On mammography, breast cysts are indistinguishable from other benign masses especially fibroadenomas - how- ever ultrasound confirmation of a sim- ple cyst establishes the diagnosis. At five years less than 12% of cysts were unchanged.2 The cause of simple breast cysts is unclear. keywords: breast; cysts cache: sajr-1542.pdf plain text: sajr-1542.txt item: #261 of 946 id: sajr-1543 author: Hoffmann, M.; Royston, D.; Corr, P. title: An obscure cause of stroke: Basilar artery fenestration date: 1998-05-31 words: 1320 flesch: 50 summary: Fenestration of intracranial arteries with special attention to associated aneurysms and other anomalies. The layered fabric of cerebral artery fenestrations. keywords: aneurysms; artery; cerebral; fenestration; stroke cache: sajr-1543.pdf plain text: sajr-1543.txt item: #262 of 946 id: sajr-1544 author: Corr, Peter title: Past, Present and Future date: 2000-01-31 words: 176 flesch: 64 summary: I have taken the opportunity to invite a number of colleagues to write about the past, the present and more importantly the future of radiology both in a local South African and an international context. There are many reasons why South African radiology needs a journal. keywords: radiology cache: sajr-1544.pdf plain text: sajr-1544.txt item: #263 of 946 id: sajr-1545 author: Labuscagne, Jan title: Continuing professional development: The way forward date: 2000-01-31 words: 639 flesch: 56 summary: The Radiological Society of South Africa regards the organization of CPD programs as part of its core busi- ness. • •Continuing professional development the way forward Jan Labuscagne MBChB, MMed (Pret) Chairman, Congress Committee, RSSA, and Radiologist in private practice keywords: fund; workshops cache: sajr-1545.pdf plain text: sajr-1545.txt item: #264 of 946 id: sajr-1546 author: Benningfield, S. title: The Future - Part 1: Technological advances date: 2000-01-31 words: 1643 flesch: 48 summary: In many ways the cur- rent South African fellowship follows the UK fellowship exam structure in the late seventies and early eighties with essay type questions, film view- ing and long cases. Computer-aided diagnosis will prob- ably take many years to achieve, and may then only serve as a support sys- tem, providing a cost-effective means of double-reading images. keywords: future; imaging; radiology; tomography; training; years cache: sajr-1546.pdf plain text: sajr-1546.txt item: #265 of 946 id: sajr-1547 author: Corr, Peter title: The Future - Part 2: Training radiologists - Past, present and future date: 2000-01-31 words: 1254 flesch: 52 summary: Currently there are 450 radiologists registered here, however it is likely that South Africa will face a shortage of newly qualified radiologists within the next five years unless the number of radiology training posts available is increased. They write the College of Medicine fellowship exam within four years of training. keywords: exam; future; radiology; training cache: sajr-1547.pdf plain text: sajr-1547.txt item: #266 of 946 id: sajr-1549 author: Royston, D. D. title: How to perform a temporary balloon test occlusion date: 2000-01-31 words: 1976 flesch: 56 summary: (150]H,O positron emission tomography determination of cerebral blood flow during balloon test occlusion of the internal carotid artery. Stroke risk after abrupt internal carotid artery sacrifice: accuracy of preoperative assessment with balloon test occlusion and stable xenon-enhanced CT. keywords: balloon; carotid; occlusion; test; trial cache: sajr-1549.pdf plain text: sajr-1549.txt item: #267 of 946 id: sajr-155 author: Albuquerque-Jonathan, G title: Atypical tuberculosis of the knee joint date: 2006-02-25 words: 833 flesch: 47 summary: An important feature of TB of the joints can be seen in superficial joints, e.g. hands, where reactive subperiosteal new bone formation appears around lytic areas.1 MRI of TB arthritis can present with a wide range of findings.2 These include bone marrow oedema, synovitis, cartilage/bony destruc- tion, myositis, cellulitis, granulation tissue, abscess-fistula, tenosynovitis, bursitis, fibrosis, etc.2 Findings which should alert one to the possibility of TB include T1WI hyperintense soft tissue, which may represent caseous material, and a T1WI hyperintense lining of a bursitis, a smooth, thin enhancing bursal margin, and bone destruction with new bone formation. The patient was placed on TB treatment for 12 months and is presently still being followed up. keywords: bone; joint cache: sajr-155.pdf plain text: sajr-155.txt item: #268 of 946 id: sajr-1551 author: Kruger, Garth title: Report on the Breast Ultrasound and Mammography Workshop held in Pretoria, 23-26 September 1999 date: 2000-01-31 words: 553 flesch: 54 summary: We cannot continue breast imaging in South Africa without some form of accreditation of the people doing the imaging and some sort of control over whether there is any quality assurance in institutions do- ing breast imaging. The importance of fine needle as- piration versus core biopsies and minimally invasive breast biopsy (MIBB) was again discussed at the Congress. keywords: breast; imaging cache: sajr-1551.pdf plain text: sajr-1551.txt item: #269 of 946 id: sajr-1552 author: Kruger, Garth title: Report on the Second International Breast Imaging Update - IBUS - Freiburg, Germany, 15-17 October 1999 date: 2000-01-31 words: 531 flesch: 67 summary: lEUS has now laid down criteria and invited comment on a set of standards whereby the user of ultrasound equipment will have to undergo a strict qualification and abide by the criteria before ultrasound can be performed. It was also very interesting to see that a full series of hands-on work- shops ranging from ultrasound to minimally invasive breast biopsies to pathology and breast intervention were held for all the delegates. keywords: breast; ultrasound cache: sajr-1552.pdf plain text: sajr-1552.txt item: #270 of 946 id: sajr-1553 author: Corr, Peter title: RSSA Congress Levovist presentations date: 2000-01-31 words: 638 flesch: 67 summary: Peter Corr Department of Radiology, University of Natal The Past - Rad iography in South Africa before 1899 20. The war in South Africa. keywords: africa; levovist; south cache: sajr-1553.pdf plain text: sajr-1553.txt item: #271 of 946 id: sajr-1559 author: Beningfield, Steve title: Time for subspecialisation? date: 1998-11-30 words: 310 flesch: 36 summary: The difficulty in South Africa is that in almost all private and most full-time practices, diverse demands are placed on radiologists who are called upon to be all things to all men. EDITORIAL Time for subspecialisation '? Steve 8eningfield MBChB(UCT), FFRad(D)SA Head: Department of Radiology, University of Cape Town I am unsure who coined the description of Radiology as being the general practice of the specialties, but the expression appears to be becoming less true in the USA and other leading countries as sub- specialisation occurs. keywords: radiology cache: sajr-1559.pdf plain text: sajr-1559.txt item: #272 of 946 id: sajr-156 author: Said-Hartley, Q; Candy, S title: Hyperparathyroidism with presumed sellar-parasellar brown tumour based on imaging findings date: 2006-02-25 words: 730 flesch: 53 summary: CASE REPORT 29 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • December 2006 Brown tumours are an end-stage complication of hyperparathyroidism. Brown tumours, solid aneurysmal bone cysts, giant-cell reparative granuloma and giant cell tumour can all appear identical both macro- and microscopically.2 Case report The middle-aged female patient had presented initially 2 years before with a pathological fracture of her left proximal humerus. keywords: base; cell; skull cache: sajr-156.pdf plain text: sajr-156.txt item: #273 of 946 id: sajr-1560 author: Corr, Peter title: Radiology in Kenya date: 1998-11-30 words: 462 flesch: 57 summary: The Kenyan Association is led by young dynamic radiologists who are keen to encourage the development of radiology in Kenya despite the many financial difficulties that the country faces. Head: Depal1ment of Radiology, University of Natal On a recent visit as external examiner to the Department of Radiology,University of Nairobi, I had the opportunity to meet a number of radiologists at their practices and give a lecture to the Kenyan Association of Radiologists. keywords: radiologists; radiology cache: sajr-1560.pdf plain text: sajr-1560.txt item: #274 of 946 id: sajr-1563 author: Corr, P. title: Occupational infection risks in interventional radiology date: 1998-11-30 words: 1889 flesch: 57 summary: Risk of HIV infection South Africa currently has an epi- demic of HIV infection from hetero- sexual spread. REVIEVV ARTICLE Occupational infection risks in interventional radiology Abstract South African radiologists performing interventional and angiographic procedures are at risk of occupational exposure to hepatitis Band C and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). keywords: blood; hepatitis; hiv; infection; risk cache: sajr-1563.pdf plain text: sajr-1563.txt item: #275 of 946 id: sajr-1564 author: Clauss, R. P.; Pilloy, W. title: Regional lung spirometry date: 1998-11-30 words: 2693 flesch: 55 summary: A change in volume was hence matched to a change in radioactivity, and a specific radioactivity per millilitre of lung volume was calculated. Spirometric parameters such as lobar vital capacity, tidal volume, residual volume and forced expiratory volume after 1 second were derived by using the previously calculated radioactivity per millilitre of lung volume. keywords: breathing; capacity; changes; function; lung; medicine; radioactivity; regional; spirometer; tidal; volume cache: sajr-1564.pdf plain text: sajr-1564.txt item: #276 of 946 id: sajr-1565 author: van Gelderen, F.; Packer, A. M. title: CT features of rupture of the thoracic aorta and subsequent death date: 1998-11-30 words: 956 flesch: 45 summary: November 1998 The dependent aspects of the he- patic veins (Figure 2), portal venous system (Figure 3) and right renal vein and radicles (Figure 4) were distended with contrast as if diagnostic venog- raphy had been performed. Figure 3: CT at T12 level demonstrating similar features with contrast layering In the Inferior vena cava, the inferior aspect of the left extraplaural haamatoma still visible, contrast filled venous structures in the dependent erector spinae muscles, the sinusoidal opacification of the posterior aspect of the fiver and a contrast filled right portal vein (arrow), Figure 4: CT image at L l-L2 disc level demonstrating contrast layering in the inferior vena cava, flattening of the aorta from front to back, and very dense opacifieat/on of the right renal veins with an appearance similar to that of a diagnostic contrast renal venogram. keywords: aorta; contrast; left cache: sajr-1565.pdf plain text: sajr-1565.txt item: #277 of 946 id: sajr-1566 author: Simarak, S.; Suraprasit, B.; Senatham, A. title: Pneumocephalus complicating frontal sinus osteoma date: 1998-11-30 words: 1508 flesch: 55 summary: Pneurnoccphalus in frontal sinus osteoma: a case report. ] Cnolaryngo], 1994; 23: 430-436. The majority of tumours implicated in pneumocephalus are sinus osteomas. keywords: air; osteoma; pneumocephalus; sinus; subdural cache: sajr-1566.pdf plain text: sajr-1566.txt item: #278 of 946 id: sajr-1568 author: van Gelderen, W. F.C. title: An unusual wig masquerading as calcific neurocysticercosis date: 1998-11-30 words: 240 flesch: 45 summary: Accredited Course 1999 CMRS Annual Society MeetingClinical Magnetic Resonance Society DATE: Taranaki Base Hospital, New Zealand Figure 1: Lateral radiograph of the skull demonstrating multiple small opacities simulating calcific neurocysticercosis but due to tufts of hair within 8 wig seen end-on.metastases. keywords: wig cache: sajr-1568.pdf plain text: sajr-1568.txt item: #279 of 946 id: sajr-1569 author: Beningfield, Steve title: Ethiopian Radiology date: 1998-08-31 words: 440 flesch: 49 summary: EDITORIAL Ethiopian Radiology Steve Beninl!field MBChB(UCr;, FFRac!(6jSA Head: Department of Radiology, University of Cape Town Earlier this year I was fortunate enough to be invited to Addis Ababa (which means New Flower, founded 1887) in Ethiopia for a week. There are three medical schools in the country, including in Addis Ababa. keywords: country; radiology cache: sajr-1569.pdf plain text: sajr-1569.txt item: #280 of 946 id: sajr-157 author: Hlongwane, S T; Pienaar, M; Dekker, G; Brandt, A; van der Merwe, D; Louw, H B; Dajee, S title: Proptosis as a manifestation of neuroblastoma date: 2006-02-25 words: 799 flesch: 50 summary: In a study of 57 cases of childhood proptosis, metastatic neuroblastoma was the cause in 31 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • December 2006 Proptosis as a manifestation of neuroblastoma S T Hlongwane, MB ChB M Pienaar, BSc, MB ChB G Dekker, MB ChB, MFamMed A Brandt, MB ChB D van der Merwe, MB ChB H B Louw, MB ChB, MFamMed S Dajee, MB ChB, DA, MMed Rad (D) Department of Radiology, Tygerberg Hospital and Stellenbosch University CASE REPORT Fig. 1(a) and (b). Neuroblastoma accounts for 7.5% of all cancers in children less than 15 years of age, with 90% of all neuroblastomas occurring before the age of 10 years.1 Approximately 1% of patients present initially with evidence of metastatic disease without a readily identifiable primary lesion. keywords: case; chb; neuroblastoma; proptosis cache: sajr-157.pdf plain text: sajr-157.txt item: #281 of 946 id: sajr-1570 author: Ramsing, B.; Corr, P. title: Diffusion weighted MR imaging date: 1998-08-31 words: 1540 flesch: 51 summary: Sub- acute infarcts are hyperintense on OWl due to decreased diffusion from cytotoxic oedema, while chronic infarcts are hypointense as a result of increased diffusion from vasogenic oedema and increased extracellular water. The absence of decreased diffusion correlates with the absence of infarc- tion, and rather suggests stroke mimics 5 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY· August 1998 such as transient ischaemie attacks, migraine, and metabolic causes. keywords: diffusion; oedema; owl; water cache: sajr-1570.pdf plain text: sajr-1570.txt item: #282 of 946 id: sajr-1571 author: Magnus, K. G. title: Intervertebral disc calcification in children date: 1998-08-31 words: 2644 flesch: 57 summary: Intervertebral disc calcification in children, Pediatric Neurology 1987; 3 (2): 108-110. 9. Henry MJ, Grimes HA, Lane lW. Intervertebral disc calcification in childhood. keywords: calcification; children; disc; herniation; intervertebral; ivdc; patient; radiology; spine cache: sajr-1571.pdf plain text: sajr-1571.txt item: #283 of 946 id: sajr-1572 author: Sathekge, M. M.; Muthuphei, M. N.; Mandiwana, I. title: Primary hydatidosis of the thyroid gland: A case report date: 1998-08-31 words: 759 flesch: 60 summary: Ultrasonography and CT usually eas- ily detect hydatid disease, with the exception of hydatid cysts in uncom- mon sites of the body.' The quoted incidence of thyroid malignancy varies considerably in the literature, but is such that it should be excluded in every nodule shown to be nonfunctioning. keywords: disease; thyroid cache: sajr-1572.pdf plain text: sajr-1572.txt item: #284 of 946 id: sajr-1573 author: Corr, P.; Sanyika, C.; Royston, D. title: Vein of Galen aneurysmal formation date: 1998-08-31 words: 877 flesch: 56 summary: In conclusion although our results were satisfactory,we hope that this rare case of primary hydatidosis of the thy- roid will prove useful to justify routine use of ultrasound in the evaluation of thyroid nodules, especially where a cystic lesion is suspected. Rojeski MT, Gharib H. Nodular thyroid disease: evaluation and management. keywords: fistula; galen; thyroid; vein cache: sajr-1573.pdf plain text: sajr-1573.txt item: #285 of 946 id: sajr-1574 author: van Gelderen, Fred title: Pica- a barium enema look-alike date: 1998-08-31 words: 428 flesch: 59 summary: Such dietary habits have Figure 1: Supine abdominal radiograph demonstrates column of radiopaque material fl/ling large bowel (and to a lesser degree sma/l bowel) due to ingestion of dark seasand twelve hours earlier. The appearance in the case re- ported is unusual, in that a large amount of seasand was ingested, simu- lating the features of a barium enema study, and also because this was not the more usual white sand, but a dark seas and (almost black) containing large amounts of iron and other ele- ments. keywords: enema; pica cache: sajr-1574.pdf plain text: sajr-1574.txt item: #286 of 946 id: sajr-1575 author: Goodman, Hillel title: Book Review - Childhood Tuberculosis: Modern Imaging and Clinical Concepts date: 1998-08-31 words: 1440 flesch: 52 summary: The protean radiological manifestations of primary pulmonary tuberculosis are emphasised. The principal author has a long-standing interest in the radiology of tuberculosis in childhood and has built up a vast hands on experience. keywords: authors; book; disease; radiology; tuberculosis cache: sajr-1575.pdf plain text: sajr-1575.txt item: #287 of 946 id: sajr-1578 author: Corr, Peter title: Who should do interventional radiology? date: 1997-06-30 words: 437 flesch: 33 summary: Development of interventional radiology is dependent on communication to both clinical colleagues and our own radiology colleagues of the benefits and appli- cations of interventional techniques to patient management. Training in interventional radiology in North America usually entails a 12 month fellowship for general body intervention and 24 months for neurointervention. keywords: radiology cache: sajr-1578.pdf plain text: sajr-1578.txt item: #288 of 946 id: sajr-1579 author: Corr, Peter title: New interventional techniques in the treatment of carotid stenosis date: 1997-06-30 words: 1147 flesch: 53 summary: New developments in stent technol- ogy and design have resulted in the ar- rival of carotid self expandable stents. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high grade carotid stenosis. keywords: angioplasty; carotid; stenosis; stroke cache: sajr-1579.pdf plain text: sajr-1579.txt item: #289 of 946 id: sajr-1580 author: Rijke, A. title: Magnetic resonance imaging: Where is it going to take us? date: 1997-06-30 words: 1459 flesch: 47 summary: and I am one of them - that MRI, particularly that of the CNS and the musculoskeletal system holds the ulti- mate capability of uncovering any mor- phology or pathology needed to direct therapeutic approach. Today, MRI of the menisci is one of the most fre- quent uses of the technology show- ing the fibrocartilagic as well as mus- cle, tendon, and ligament pathology in exquisite detail reliably dictating therapy and directing the surgeon to the site of injury. keywords: imaging; mri; sonoline; technology cache: sajr-1580.pdf plain text: sajr-1580.txt item: #290 of 946 id: sajr-1582 author: Clauss, R. P.; Kobryn, A. title: The renal transplant score: A different way of evaluating renal transplant pathology date: 1997-06-30 words: 1319 flesch: 52 summary: I: Perfusion scores of patients with various transplant pathologies Table II: Function scores of patients with various transplant pathologies Name EM AK JT PM JM as MS AM Name EM AK JT PM JM as MS AM Background 2 2 0 2 Background 2 Iliac 2 0 With all these aids at hand, di- agnosis of renal transplant pathology is still difficult. keywords: perfusion; rejection; renal; transplant cache: sajr-1582.pdf plain text: sajr-1582.txt item: #291 of 946 id: sajr-1583 author: Peh, W. C.G.; Cheng, W. title: Intermittent intestinal obstruction due to chronic colo-colic intussusception date: 1997-06-30 words: 1725 flesch: 51 summary: Chronic intussusception may even rarely present as failure to thrive. Chronic intussusception in children. keywords: barium; chronic; intermittent; intussusception; radiology; reduction; ultrasound cache: sajr-1583.pdf plain text: sajr-1583.txt item: #292 of 946 id: sajr-1584 author: van Gelderen, W. F.C. title: Differentiation between sigmoid volvulus and free air on supine abdominal radiographs: The 'liver overlap sign' versus the 'football sign' date: 1997-06-30 words: 1435 flesch: 52 summary: Radiological signs of free air in the abdomen on supine radiographs have been well documented in the litera- ture, but it is of interest that the 'foot- ball sign' (a large loculus of air in the shape of a rugby or soccer ball, situ- ated anteriorly in the abdomen with Figure 2: Part of 'football sign'seen overlying liver (arrows) on supine abdominal radiograph, due to intraperitoneal free air which was shown to be subdiaphragmatic in position on chest x-rays. Supine abdominal radiograph with 'liver overlap sign' (arrows) of sigmoid volvulus masquer- ading as 'football sign' of intraperitoneal free air. keywords: air; sigmoid; sign cache: sajr-1584.pdf plain text: sajr-1584.txt item: #293 of 946 id: sajr-1585 author: van Gelderen, W. F.C.; Cheng, K. S. title: Unusual foreign bodies in the oesophagus date: 1997-06-30 words: 559 flesch: 55 summary: In conclusion it must be stated that having seen many cases of free air with a 'football sign' and a few cases of sig- moid volvulus with a 'liver overlap sign', the former diagnosis was fa- voured. Subsequent chest radiographs demonstrated signs of a pneumome- diastinum. keywords: sign; volvulus cache: sajr-1585.pdf plain text: sajr-1585.txt item: #294 of 946 id: sajr-1586 author: Szkup, P.; Cilliers, A. M. title: Large vein of Galen malformation associated with an apical ventricular septal defect and a patent ductus arteriosus in an infant: A case report date: 1997-06-30 words: 1517 flesch: 50 summary: Cranial ultrasonography (Figure 1) and Doppler flow studies revealed Figure 1: Sagittal view of the cranial ultrasound showing the vein of Galen malformation and a dilated straight sinus. There were major feeder arteries arising Figure 2: Contrast enhanced axial computerised tomography scan of the head showing the large vein of Galen malformation, dilated straight sinus and mild hydrocephalus. from both the posterior cerebral ar- teries, both left and right middle cer- ebral arteries and the right anterior cerebral artery. keywords: artery; cardiac; failure; galen; malformation; vein cache: sajr-1586.pdf plain text: sajr-1586.txt item: #295 of 946 id: sajr-1587 author: Loftus, W. K.; Chow, L. T.C; Metreweli, C. title: Perforated peptic ulcer imaged directly by computed tomography date: 1997-06-30 words: 1023 flesch: 57 summary: Similarly, in a report of three cases of perforated PU, the site of perforation, i.e. gastric or duodenal, could be iden- tified by the location of extraluminal gas or oral contrast, but not the actual perforation itself However, Fultz et al could identify a discontinuity of the bowel wall at the site of perforation in three of nine patients with perforation due to continuity of intra- and extraluminal oral contrast through the defect.' We present a case of perforated ulcer in which the perforation was imaged directly byCT. keywords: gas; perforation; ulcer cache: sajr-1587.pdf plain text: sajr-1587.txt item: #296 of 946 id: sajr-1588 author: Markgraaf, Chris; Sweetlove, Ann title: Letter to the editor: Whither breast imaging in SA date: 1997-06-30 words: 941 flesch: 53 summary: Delivered in December 1996, the Philips Gyroscan ACS-NT 1.5 Tesla Mo- bile enables the medical organization to provide high quality imaging to patients in hospitals in the areas served by the char- ity. We agree that it is impossible to do mammography justice without dedicated equipment and a trained and enthusiastic team. keywords: mammography; medical; quality cache: sajr-1588.pdf plain text: sajr-1588.txt item: #297 of 946 id: sajr-1589 author: Office, Editorial title: Film digitizers vs. CCD scanners date: 1997-06-30 words: 2014 flesch: 62 summary: The log amplifier normalizes the extremely high number of photons (high voltage) detected at low opti- cal densities versus the relatively low number of photons (lower voltages) detected at high optical densities. Ad- vantages: It doesn't burn out every six months, there's less scatter, and more photons means higher signal/ noise (more accurate density meas- urements) at higher optical densities. keywords: ccd; density; film; levels cache: sajr-1589.pdf plain text: sajr-1589.txt item: #298 of 946 id: sajr-159 author: Misser, S K; Maharajh, J; Campbell, H T; Naidoo, M; Gounden, A A title: Post-emetic oesophageal rupture - successful conservative management date: 2006-02-25 words: 1038 flesch: 48 summary: syndrome, also known as spontaneous oesophageal rupture or post-emetic oesophageal rupture (PEOR), is perhaps one of the more challenging clinical syndromes encountered in general surgical practice. Discussion Boerhaave’s syndrome, also known as post-emetic oesophageal rupture (PEOR), is one of the more challenging clinical syndromes encoun- tered in general surgical practice. keywords: contrast; oesophageal; peor; rupture cache: sajr-159.pdf plain text: sajr-159.txt item: #299 of 946 id: sajr-1590 author: Corr, Peter title: 1997: Global links, world wide web and much more! date: 1996-11-30 words: 221 flesch: 58 summary: Global links, world wide web and much more! PeterCorr MBChB, FFRAD(D)SA, FRCR, MMed(UCn Department of Radiology, UniversIty of Natal B y the time you read this, 1997 will be around the corner' SAJR has successfully survived its first year] As South Africa is an Indian Ocean rim country, we have established ties with the Singapore Radiology Society and their journal: Diagnostic Clinics in the Singapore Medical Journal (SMJ). We will be publishing in this edition a reprint of a case report from the Diagnostic Clinics Series of the SMJ. keywords: radiology cache: sajr-1590.pdf plain text: sajr-1590.txt item: #300 of 946 id: sajr-1591 author: Movson, I. J. title: Whither breast Imaging in South Africa? date: 1996-11-30 words: 2397 flesch: 54 summary: If there is a strong family history of breast carcinoma at an early stage, i.e. the patient's mother or sister had a carcinoma at an early age, our criterion for not under- taking the mammogram is not so strict. I am sure that all radiologists involved in mammography will confirm that underillumination and underpenetration of the breast associated with inadequate compression of the breast are very impor- tant reasons for the missed diagnosis of breast carcinoma. keywords: breast; diagnosis; examination; mammography; patient; ultrasound cache: sajr-1591.pdf plain text: sajr-1591.txt item: #301 of 946 id: sajr-1593 author: van Gelderen, W. F.C. title: Diagnosis of Paget's disease from chest radiographs: The "dense coracoid sign" date: 1996-11-30 words: 1117 flesch: 53 summary: The above features are illustrated (Fig- ures 1-3).Achestx-rayina62yearoldman demonstrated incidental sclerosis of the topage19 Diagnosis of Paget's disease frorn chest radiographs: The dense coracoid sign from page 18 coracoid and acromial processes of the left scapula (Figure 1). The dense coracoid was a constant feature and this sign should be sought on chest radiographs especially in the older patient. keywords: chest; disease; paget cache: sajr-1593.pdf plain text: sajr-1593.txt item: #302 of 946 id: sajr-1594 author: Peh, Wilfred C.G.; Ho, Judy W.C. title: Pelvic abscess formation in perforated carcinoma of the jejunum date: 1996-11-30 words: 1570 flesch: 56 summary: Small bowel enema is more sensitive than conventional small bowel fol- low-through examination in detecting jejunal carcinomas, manifest as polypoidal intra-luminal masses, annular strictures or ulcerated masses. CT in combination with small bowel enema has been advocated for the detection and preoperative staging of thistumour'! keywords: bowel; carcinoma; figure; mass; primary cache: sajr-1594.pdf plain text: sajr-1594.txt item: #303 of 946 id: sajr-1595 author: van Gelderen, W. F.C. title: Condensing osteitis of the clavicle date: 1996-11-30 words: 553 flesch: 51 summary: Two years before the presentation of chest pain she had experienced right sided shoulder pain,andshe again presented with pain in the WFC van Gelderen FFRad(D) (SA) Consultant Radiologist DepartmentofRadiology vtánganui Base Hospital Wang;mui New Zealand References 1. Figure 1: Close up view of right clavicle on frontal chest radiograph demonstrates rounded sclerotic area involving inferomedial aspect of right clavicle consistent with sclerosing osteitis (arrows) Maurice VVeinbren Award in Radiology 1996 keywords: clavicle; pain cache: sajr-1595.pdf plain text: sajr-1595.txt item: #304 of 946 id: sajr-1596 author: Kew, J.; Ahuja, A.; Scott, P. title: Ectopic lingual thyroid: The role of imaging date: 1996-11-30 words: 1054 flesch: 57 summary: Itpenetrates the underlying mescxlerm and starts its descent, connected to the tongue by a narrow epithelial channel, the SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY· November 1996 would be expected in some of these lesions, and confusion with lingual thyroid could oc- cur. Lingual thyroid: a comprehensive review. keywords: lingual; thyroid; tissue; tongue cache: sajr-1596.pdf plain text: sajr-1596.txt item: #305 of 946 id: sajr-1597 author: Corr, Peter title: Ultrasound training and accreditation date: 1996-09-30 words: 211 flesch: 48 summary: There is an urgent need to provide adequate training and accreditation for ultrasound practitioners. The answer is clear - the sonologist who can perform an accurate diagnostic study after adequate training. keywords: ultrasound cache: sajr-1597.pdf plain text: sajr-1597.txt item: #306 of 946 id: sajr-1598 author: Lots, J.; Beningfield, S. J. title: Telemedicine Forum being established date: 1996-09-30 words: 678 flesch: 33 summary: The same need for standards must apply to the rapidly germinating field of telemedicine, as a specialized hybrid branch of information technology and medicine. Standards may well differ according to individual circum- stances of specific telemedicine systems, with the various permutations of potential links between and within hospitals, prac- tices, clinics and homes. keywords: information; standards; telemedicine cache: sajr-1598.pdf plain text: sajr-1598.txt item: #307 of 946 id: sajr-1599 author: Corr, Peter title: Echo enhancing agents in ultrasound date: 1996-09-30 words: 585 flesch: 54 summary: U1trasonographic echo enhancing agents. Practical applications will be initially limited to colour flow ultrasound but the third generation agents have such signifi- cant reflectivity that they may be used with grey scale as well. keywords: agents; micro; ultrasound cache: sajr-1599.pdf plain text: sajr-1599.txt item: #308 of 946 id: sajr-16 author: Andronikou, Savvas title: Bigger, Better, Stronger, Faster: should we join them or go it alone? date: 2007-01-30 words: 314 flesch: 59 summary: Other parties to consider within Radiation Science are nuclear medicine physicians, radiographers, radiation physicists and radiation biologists. It seems our journal is moving on so well that there are other parties who would like to join us. keywords: journal cache: sajr-16.pdf plain text: sajr-16.txt item: #309 of 946 id: sajr-160 author: Beningfield, S title: Hepato-pancreatico-biliary imaging date: 2006-02-25 words: 1025 flesch: 37 summary: Organised by Professor Martin Smith and Dr Jose Ramos on behalf of the founding committee, this meeting was decidedly not dominated by any group, but was rather specifically meant as a multidisciplinary gathering of those inter- ested in liver and pancreatic disease. Hepatology 1992; 16:1069-1083 2. Brancatelli G, Federle MP, Vilgrain V, Vullierme MP, Marin D, Lagalla R. Fibropolycystic liver disease: CT and MR imaging findings. keywords: biliary; disease; liver; number; role cache: sajr-160.pdf plain text: sajr-160.txt item: #310 of 946 id: sajr-1600 author: Hoffmann, Michael title: Cerebrovascular neuroimaging: Which tests and when? date: 1996-09-30 words: 2333 flesch: 37 summary: SPECT iscurrently the best early stroke imaging test and pro- vides objective evidence for diaschisis type neurological deficits, seen with a variety of stroke patients both cortical and subcortical.' The radionucleotide is injected intravenously and accumulates in different areas of the brain proportionate to the rate of delivery of nutrientslblood flow to that volume of brain tissue. keywords: angiography; brain; cerebrovascular; doppler; imaging; stroke; tissue; vessel cache: sajr-1600.pdf plain text: sajr-1600.txt item: #311 of 946 id: sajr-1603 author: Boet, R.; Royston, D. D. title: Intraoperative digital subtraction angiography in neurovascular disorders date: 1996-09-30 words: 989 flesch: 34 summary: Intraoperative angiography facilitates the immediate assessment of neurovascular procedures and allows the surgeon to correct any technical defects. I: Intraoperative angiograms performed at Wentworth Hospital (1990-1994) Aneurysms (Berry) 17 Arteriovenous malformations 17 Carotid-cavernous fistulas 5 Spontaneous haemorrhages 4 Traumatic haemorrhages 5 Bacterial aneurysms 3 Other 4 TOTAL 55 Although not strictly monitored the intraoperative angiogram added an addi- tional forty-fiveto sixty minutes to the pro- cedure (including the time required to place the femoral sheath preoperatively). keywords: angiograms; angiography; intraoperative cache: sajr-1603.pdf plain text: sajr-1603.txt item: #312 of 946 id: sajr-1604 author: Whitehorn, Russell title: Don't start the revolution without us! date: 1996-09-30 words: 1747 flesch: 54 summary: There were three false negative intraoperative angiograms in 66 patients (2 residual aneurysm necks and a small re- sidual thalamicAVM) ,We did not perform postoperative angiography to correlate with the intraoperative angiographic findings, It is well recognised amongst neurosurgeons that the successful treat- ment of intracranial aneurysms andAVMs is dependent on complete obliteration, Postoperative angiograms are performed routinely in some units following aneurysm clipping, In a series of7lS cases Fuerberg et al found a residual aneurysm neck in 3,8% of cases,4 Lin et al documented regrowth of aneurysms from residual necks in 19 cases' Fourteen of these cases presented with a rebleed at an average interval of nine years from clipping, Intraoperative angiography enables the surgeon to identify and correct any incompletely treated lesions under the same anaesthetic. It has also been suggested that the immediate availability of intraoperative angiography allows the sur- geon to access the extent of resection of an AVM at any stage and therefore avoid ex- cessive resection that may include normal brain and nutrient arteries. keywords: aneurysm; angiography; computer; internet; radiology cache: sajr-1604.pdf plain text: sajr-1604.txt item: #313 of 946 id: sajr-1606 author: Sathekge, M. M.; Clauss, R. P. title: Tc99m Diphosphonate imaging: Giant cell tumours on MDP scanning date: 1996-09-30 words: 1378 flesch: 56 summary: Maximum uptake (phase III) in the giant cell tumour was compared with contralateral normal bone uptake by image profile. Krasnow!\Z, Zsitman AT, Collier D, et al: Flow study and SPEer irnagingfor the diagnosis of Giant Cell tumour of bone: ClinNudMa:11988; 13:89-92 IQ, Shifrin L Z: Giant Cell tumourofbone. keywords: bone; n n; uptake; y y cache: sajr-1606.pdf plain text: sajr-1606.txt item: #314 of 946 id: sajr-1607 author: Short, Roger title: Connectivity, Teleradiology and beyond (Part one) date: 1996-09-30 words: 1297 flesch: 55 summary: • Integrate image data with diagnostic in- formation to improve the diagnostic proc- ess. • The principle is that transmis- sion, display, manipulation and storage of digital images should offer physicians clini- cal advantages, improve operation of health care institutions, and ultimately optimise patient service. keywords: images; information; service; telephone cache: sajr-1607.pdf plain text: sajr-1607.txt item: #315 of 946 id: sajr-1610 author: Corr, Peter title: Quality assurance in radiology date: 1996-05-31 words: 335 flesch: 55 summary: The quality of the service can be meas- ured objectively and can be compared with set standards that have been estab- lished by professional bodies. COHSASA identifies departments which meet these set standards and provides certificates of quality service. keywords: standards cache: sajr-1610.pdf plain text: sajr-1610.txt item: #316 of 946 id: sajr-1611 author: Bateman, Eric D.; Stickells, David; Goodman, Hillel title: The pathogenesis and radiological features of hut lung date: 1996-05-31 words: 1810 flesch: 53 summary: Silica is the best .recognised fibrogenic dust in these studies, but several lines of evidence suggest that silica alone may not be responsible for the nodules seen in hut lung. The role of tuberculosis in patients with . hut lung is difficult to define. keywords: hut; lung; nodules; patients; pneumoconiosis; tuberculosis cache: sajr-1611.pdf plain text: sajr-1611.txt item: #317 of 946 id: sajr-1612 author: Young, C. M. title: Mediastinal assessment in traumatic rupture of the aorta date: 1996-05-31 words: 2822 flesch: 53 summary: Transverse mediastinal width (the vascular pedicle) There was such an extreme overlap of values of mediastinal width and Mie ratio between normals and abnormals, that precise meas- urement could not reliably separate the two groups. keywords: angiography; aortic; chest; mediastinal; ratio; rupture; width cache: sajr-1612.pdf plain text: sajr-1612.txt item: #318 of 946 id: sajr-1614 author: Hoffmann, Michael; Corr, Peter title: Posterior circulation positional transient ischaemic attacks due to persistent primitive hypoglossal artery with redundancy date: 1996-05-31 words: 1985 flesch: 48 summary: Kurose K, Kishi H, Sadatoh T. Moyamoya disease with persistent primitive hypoglossal artery. Discussion A series of case reports has implicated primitive caroticovertebral arteries in stroke and cerebral ischaemia. keywords: arteries; artery; circulation; hypoglossal; ischaemia; left; patient; persistent cache: sajr-1614.pdf plain text: sajr-1614.txt item: #319 of 946 id: sajr-1615 author: Ooi, G. C.; Peh, W. C.G title: Condensing osteitis of the clavicle date: 1996-05-31 words: 2106 flesch: 53 summary: This paper aims to review the clini- cal and imaging features of patients with condensing osteitis of the clavicle and other similar entities. To date, about 30 cases of condensing osteitis, mainly in the 25 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY. keywords: bone; clavicle; condensing; end; joint; osteitis cache: sajr-1615.pdf plain text: sajr-1615.txt item: #320 of 946 id: sajr-1616 author: van Gelderen, W. F.C. title: A grossly distended gallbladder masquerading as an infected hydatid cyst of the liver date: 1996-05-31 words: 648 flesch: 51 summary: Figure 2: CT section 10 em below image in Figure 1, reveals a large septated mass of low attenuation situated at the inferior aspect of tile liver containing a pocket of air anteriorly. Further CT sections dem- onstrated an apparently septated, low attenuation mass 10 cm below the calcified hydatid cyst, in the inferior as- pect of the liver. keywords: cyst; hydatid cache: sajr-1616.pdf plain text: sajr-1616.txt item: #321 of 946 id: sajr-1617 author: Gross, Paul F. title: Capitation of radiology practice in a managed care environment in the USA and South Africa: Johannesburg seminar 2-3 March 1996 date: 1996-05-31 words: 1290 flesch: 44 summary: In South Africa and the United States, developments in teleradiology could accel- erate the use of capita ted contracts between payers and larger radiology practice net- works. I n the managed care environment en- trenched or emerging, respectively, in the United States and South Africa, the use of capitation payments to larger networks of radiology practices seems likely to acceler- ate with increases in teleradiology,horizon- tal and vertical integration of health serv- ices, and the demand for utilisation manage- ment and outcomes measurement. keywords: africa; practice; radiology; south; teleradiology cache: sajr-1617.pdf plain text: sajr-1617.txt item: #322 of 946 id: sajr-1618 author: Short, Roger title: From the Publisher date: 1996-03-31 words: 355 flesch: 55 summary: Indeed there are numerous examples of publications starting ug blossoming for a year or two then vanishing. For those unfamiliar with the term, accreditation means that articles accepted for publication can form part of your C.V keywords: journal cache: sajr-1618.pdf plain text: sajr-1618.txt item: #323 of 946 id: sajr-1619 author: Corr, Peter title: Learning and Radiology date: 1996-03-31 words: 212 flesch: 52 summary: The aim of our journal is to provide useful reviews on important issues which you can use in day to day practice. I hope you find this fust editionusefulandinforrnative The Editor I. Naidich TP, OsronlAG Leamingstategies. keywords: radiology cache: sajr-1619.pdf plain text: sajr-1619.txt item: #324 of 946 id: sajr-162 author: van der Ness, M N; de Vries, C S; Claasen, F M; Wentzel, S W; Joubert, J title: Percutaneous stone removal date: 2006-02-22 words: 2093 flesch: 65 summary: The treatment of choice for small, less com- plex renal stones is extracorporeal shock-wave litho- tripsy (ESWL).1 We have treated renal stones mainly with PCNL at our academic hospital, as ESWL was not available until 2004. Renal stones were removed through the tract and sheath with a nephro- scope by the urologist. keywords: fig; patients; pcnl; procedure; stones cache: sajr-162.pdf plain text: sajr-162.txt item: #325 of 946 id: sajr-1620 author: Tuft, Richard title: lt depends on one's attitude to change, whether or not present times are exciting or terrifying! date: 1996-03-31 words: 2 flesch: 120 summary: PDF File keywords: pdf cache: sajr-1620.pdf plain text: sajr-1620.txt item: #326 of 946 id: sajr-1624 author: Beningfield, S. J. title: Multimedia in radiology education date: 1996-03-31 words: 895 flesch: 54 summary: Yetitis odd th at even as a self- confessed computer fan I arn seldom drawn to spend much time at computer exhibits at congresses. The high technical demands of the visual data in radiology images stresses all but the top of the range computer systems. keywords: computer; radiology; speed cache: sajr-1624.pdf plain text: sajr-1624.txt item: #327 of 946 id: sajr-1626 author: Short, Roger title: The development of the imaging camera: CRT to Laser date: 1996-03-31 words: 1670 flesch: 51 summary: Today there are seven major manufacturers of laser imagers,namely Agfa, DuPont, Fuji, Kodak, Konica,3M and Polaroid. Much research and development is underway developing Local Area Networks (LAN), Image Gateways, Picture Achiving and Communications Systems (PACS) to fully utilise the potential of laser imagers. keywords: authors; exposure; image; laser; monitor cache: sajr-1626.pdf plain text: sajr-1626.txt item: #328 of 946 id: sajr-1648 author: Hricak, Hedvig title: Oncologic imaging in 2002 and beyond date: 2002-12-31 words: 2921 flesch: 48 summary: Imaging reporter constructs to monitor gene therapy is another approach of molecular imaging. At present, all the in vivo research in molecular imaging is being con- ducted on animals, mostly on mice and rats. keywords: cancer; fdg; imaging; pet; response; therapy; treatment; tumor cache: sajr-1648.pdf plain text: sajr-1648.txt item: #329 of 946 id: sajr-1649 author: Margulis, Alexander R. title: Modern trends in GI-oncology imaging date: 2002-12-31 words: 1266 flesch: 56 summary: Virtual CT endoscopy is starting to be applied to practically every part of the GI tube: esophagus, stomach, small bowel, mesenteric blood vessels, although these procedures are still in the research stage. Present role of cross-sectional imaging The increasing computer power in cross-sectional imaging and particu- larly the advent of multi row detector CT has for the first time facilitated the acquisition of 3 dimensional data, permitting high resolution volumetric acquisition of images, thus facilitating diagnosis. keywords: barium; imaging; tube cache: sajr-1649.pdf plain text: sajr-1649.txt item: #330 of 946 id: sajr-1650 author: Greniér, Philippe title: Staging lung cancer date: 2002-12-31 words: 1727 flesch: 44 summary: In small cell lung cancer (SCLC) treatment consists of chemotherapy with or without additional radiother- apy. 2. Stahel RA, Ginsberg R, Haveman K. Staging and prognostic factors in small cell lung cancer: a consensus report. keywords: cancer; lung; metastases; staging; tumor cache: sajr-1650.pdf plain text: sajr-1650.txt item: #331 of 946 id: sajr-1651 author: Schwartz, Lawrence H. title: Imaging in oncology: From unknown primary to therapy response assessment date: 2002-12-31 words: 1600 flesch: 50 summary: Unknown primary tumors actual- ly encompass a heterogeneous group of tumors with various clinical pre- sentations, imaging features, treat- ments and outcomes. FDG PET detection of unknown primary tumors. keywords: imaging; patients; primary; response; tumor cache: sajr-1651.pdf plain text: sajr-1651.txt item: #332 of 946 id: sajr-1653 author: Reiser, Maximilian F. title: The role of MRI in bone marrow imaging date: 2002-12-31 words: 1523 flesch: 54 summary: STAR ABSTRACT The role of MRI in bone marrow imaging Maximilian FReiser MD MRI has unique capabilities in the visualization of both the normal and abnormal bone marrow. In-vivo measurement of spin lattice relaxation time (Tl) of bone marrow in healthy volunteers: the effects of age and sex. keywords: bone; fractures; imaging; marrow; mri; red cache: sajr-1653.pdf plain text: sajr-1653.txt item: #333 of 946 id: sajr-1654 author: Greniér, Philippe title: Management of a solitary pulmonary nodule date: 2002-12-31 words: 2126 flesch: 51 summary: Although most SPNs have benign cause, 35 - 40% of these nod- ules are malignant, many of them rep- resenting stage I lung cancer that must be distinguished from benign nodules in an expeditious and cost effective manner. Lobulation however also occurs in up to 25% of benign nodules. keywords: benign; malignant; nodules cache: sajr-1654.pdf plain text: sajr-1654.txt item: #334 of 946 id: sajr-1655 author: Reiser, Maximilian F. title: Radiological management of skeletal metastases, multiple myeloma and lymphoma date: 2002-12-31 words: 1165 flesch: 54 summary: Replacement of bone marrow by neoplastic tissue results in an increase of density as demonstrated by CT. Thompson JA, Shields AF, POlter BA, Olson DO, Rubin E, Kidd p, Fefer A. Magnetic reso- nance imaging of bone marrow in hairy cell leukemia: correlation with clinical response to alpha-interferon. keywords: bone; marrow; metastases; myeloma cache: sajr-1655.pdf plain text: sajr-1655.txt item: #335 of 946 id: sajr-1656 author: Schwartz, Lawrence H. title: Imaging the liver: Selected topics date: 2002-12-31 words: 2187 flesch: 49 summary: The STAR ABSTRACT use of MR contrast agents, other than gadolinium DTPA, has been investi- gated for a number of years and an additional contrast agent has gained FDA approval. In general, liver MR is more sensitive for the detection of liver metastases than contrast- enhanced CT. keywords: contrast; images; imaging; liver; studies cache: sajr-1656.pdf plain text: sajr-1656.txt item: #336 of 946 id: sajr-1657 author: Greniér, Philippe title: Lung cancer screening using low-dose CT date: 2002-12-31 words: 2065 flesch: 60 summary: The results of these trials have confirmed that CT is more sensi- tive than conventional chest radiogra- phy for the detection of lung nodules and that some of these nodules prove to be lung cancer (Table 1). Results of nonrandomized trials in lung cancer screening using low dose CT USA (Mayo Germany USA (New York) Japan Clinic) (Muenster) keywords: cancer; lung; nodules; screening; time cache: sajr-1657.pdf plain text: sajr-1657.txt item: #337 of 946 id: sajr-166 author: Vadachia, Y; Strachan, M; Griffith-Richards, S B; Przybojewski, S J; Kathan, D L title: Emphysematous pyelonephritis in a patient with polycystic kidney disease date: 2006-02-22 words: 1303 flesch: 60 summary: CASE REPORT 30 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • September 2006 CASE REPORT Abstract A case report demonstrating the plain film and CT find- ings of emphysematous pyelonephritis in a patient with polycystic kidney disease, an extremely rare occurrence. An ultrasound of the kid- neys was requested which showed the typical appear- ance of polycystic kidney disease on the right side. keywords: gas; kidney; patient; pyelonephritis cache: sajr-166.pdf plain text: sajr-166.txt item: #338 of 946 id: sajr-1661 author: None title: sajr-1661 date: None words: 2479 flesch: 39 summary: Childhood ataxia and central nervous system hypomyelination (vanishing white matter disease) can be diagnosed on the account of all four obligatory criteria being met.9 Van der Knaap et al. have described obligatory and suggestive MRI criteria for the diagnosis of VWM in those patients with classical MRI findings (Table 1); however, the use of these criteria is not applicable to identify the rare and atypical MRI variants.10 TABLE 1: Magnetic resonance imaging criteria for the diagnosis of vanishing white matter. The gene for Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter is located on chromosome 3q27. keywords: cach; disease; imaging; matter; mri; vwm; white cache: sajr-1661.htm plain text: sajr-1661.txt item: #339 of 946 id: sajr-1662 author: None title: sajr-1662 date: None words: 2354 flesch: 35 summary: Introduction Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant tumour of skeletal cell morphology, with the most common sites in the paediatric population being the head and neck, genitourinary system and extremities.1,2,3 Embryonal biliary RMS is considered a rare entity with only about 50 cases being described in the literature, the largest being a series involving 25 patients over a period of 25 years.2 Given the low incidence of biliary RMS, the diagnosis is challenging, making the imaging evaluation of particular importance in defining the site of origin and tumour extent.3 The demonstration of enhancement of intraductal material within the biliary tree on MRI and the presence of arterial waveforms within the intraductal mass on ultrasound assists in the differentiation between biliary RMS and a choledochal cyst. keywords: bile; biliary; duct; imaging; mass; rhabdomyosarcoma; rms; south africa cache: sajr-1662.htm plain text: sajr-1662.txt item: #340 of 946 id: sajr-1663 author: None title: sajr-1663 date: None words: 1423 flesch: 35 summary: On imaging, it appears as a rounded lucent lesion and is usually thin-walled.6 In comparison, a cavity is a lucent lesion within an area of consolidation or within a nodule.6 A nodule is classified as a rounded opacity measuring up to 3 cm, and may appear poorly or well-defined.6 Cavitation of solid pulmonary nodules may be spontaneous or therapy-induced, from either chemotherapy or radiotherapy.7 Upper lobe and centrally located lesions are more likely to cavitate.7 Whilst squamous cell carcinomas are renowned for cavitating pulmonary lesions, other possible primaries include sarcomas, and gastrointestinal, bladder or pancreatic malignancies.4,5 It has been well-documented that certain chemotherapy agents are known to induce cavitation.1–3 Several postulated mechanisms included tumour necrosis or insinuation of air with a check-valve mechanism into the tumour.1–3 Spontaneous pneumothoraces have also been reported in previous literature, citing increased intrathoracic pressures following emetic sequelae of chemotherapy or possible bronchopleural fistulae formation from tumour lysis/necrosis, as aetiologies.2 Rupture of sub-pleural bullae or emphysematous bullae have also been postulated.8 Such patients were subsequently treated with closed chest tube insertion and chemical pleurodesis.2 Conclusion The evolution of solid pulmonary metastases to cavitating and then cystic lesions, as a consequence of therapy, is a fairly rare entity albeit an important one to consider. The progression of solid pulmonary metastases to simple cysts is an uncommon therapy-related consequence, but an important entity to recognise, not only as an indicator of good treatment response, but also to evaluate for potential life-threatening complications such as spontaneous pneumothoraces. keywords: imaging; lung; metastases; nodules; pulmonary cache: sajr-1663.htm plain text: sajr-1663.txt item: #341 of 946 id: sajr-1664 author: None title: sajr-1664 date: None words: 3743 flesch: 45 summary: Arithmetic and cost calculations, incorporating the 2017 UPFS tariffs, as well as healthcare efficiency indicators and relevant hospital expenses for the study period (obtained from the hospital’s information unit), were used to calculate relevant imaging costs and proportionality between imaging costs and hospital expenditure. A detailed breakdown of imaging cost per imaging modality is presented in Table 3. keywords: cost; health; hospital; imaging; investigations; patient; south; study; total; violence cache: sajr-1664.htm plain text: sajr-1664.txt item: #342 of 946 id: sajr-1665 author: None title: sajr-1665 date: None words: 988 flesch: 38 summary: Admirably, the past two decades have witnessed a dramatic rise in radiology research in South Africa. The reality is that the public sector environment is severely restricted in its ability to provide modern imaging modalities, the international forefront of radiological research; thus, specialised modalities in the form of Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) are often only accessible in subspecialist- and specialist-level hospitals in South Africa. keywords: radiology; research; south cache: sajr-1665.htm plain text: sajr-1665.txt item: #343 of 946 id: sajr-1666 author: None title: sajr-1666 date: None words: 1808 flesch: 52 summary: Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in South Africa, and together with cervical cancer, constitutes the leading cause of cancer death.1 Early diagnosis of breast cancer is key to reduce mortality.2 Breast imaging is an ever-growing sub-specialty of radiology, both in South Africa and worldwide. The implication is that breast cancer screening, or at the very least, education about breast cancer, needs to be directed at younger women. keywords: breast; cancer; density; imaging; mri; screening; south cache: sajr-1666.htm plain text: sajr-1666.txt item: #344 of 946 id: sajr-1667 author: None title: sajr-1667 date: None words: 3884 flesch: 51 summary: Multicentre study on dynamic contrast computed tomography findings of focal liver lesions with clinical and histological correlation. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v23i1.1667 Original Research Multicentre study on dynamic contrast computed tomography findings of focal liver lesions with clinical and histological correlation Sheila T. Ominde, Timothy M. Mutala Received: 18 Sept. 2018; Accepted: 02 Feb. 2019; Published: 21 May 2019 keywords: enhancement; hcc; imaging; lesions; liver; patients; ppv; specificity; study cache: sajr-1667.htm plain text: sajr-1667.txt item: #345 of 946 id: sajr-167 author: Moosa, S; Andronikou, S title: Spastic quadraparesis following a relatively minor injury - the 'os odontoideum' date: 2006-02-22 words: 1310 flesch: 58 summary: A diagnosis of os odontoideum with C1-2 subluxation and high cervical spinal cord compression was made. The aetiology of os odontoideum remains unsettled but this does not play a major role in its diagnosis or management.3 keywords: odontoideum; spinal cache: sajr-167.pdf plain text: sajr-167.txt item: #346 of 946 id: sajr-168 author: Erlank, A; Parsons, J J; Cilliers, G; Schultze, O C; Ackermann, C; Lameen, H title: Lumbar vertebra chordoma date: 2006-02-22 words: 539 flesch: 58 summary: Only 6% of spinal chordomas originate in the lumbar region. CASE REPORT 37 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • September 2006 Abstract Spinal chordomas in the lumbar region are rare and can easily be overlooked in the differential diagnosis of vertebral column tumours. keywords: chordomas; spinal cache: sajr-168.pdf plain text: sajr-168.txt item: #347 of 946 id: sajr-1680 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2018-11-26 words: 511 flesch: 44 summary: The editorial team of the SA Journal of Radiology recognises the value and importance of peer reviewers in the overall publication process – not only in shaping individual manuscripts, but also in shaping the credibility and reputation of our journal. In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the SA Journal of Radiology, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https:// sajr.org.za for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. keywords: https://sajr.org.za; journal; radiology; reviewers cache: sajr-1680.pdf plain text: sajr-1680.txt item: #348 of 946 id: sajr-1683 author: None title: sajr-1683 date: None words: 2346 flesch: 34 summary: Introduction Uterine leiomyomas are a common benign neoplasm of the female pelvis, with a reported prevalence of 20%–40% in women of reproductive age.1,2,3 They are predominantly composed of smooth muscle cells with variable amounts of fibrous connective tissue.2 The current literature suggests that the majority of women with uterine fibroids will have normal pregnancy outcomes.4 No link was established between intra-uterine foetal demise and uterine leiomyomas in a meta-analysis in 2008.5 Subserosal leiomyomas in particular were also not found to be a significant cause of poor pregnancy outcome.6 However, the literature involving leiomyomas in pregnancy can be problematic to assess as many different variables have been described, including size, number, location, type and gestational age at detection. Accurate diagnosis of leiomyomas in pregnancy is particularly important in a South African context as an increased prevalence of leiomyomas in the African population was described by Stewart et al.3 Local advances in reproductive health, as well as the current trend of delaying childbearing, further increase the relevance to the South African population, as treating clinicians can expect to see more women with leiomyomas presenting for antenatal and obstetric care.5 Typical leiomyomas are readily diagnosed radiologically; however, the appearance of uterine leiomyomas is commonly altered by degenerative changes including cystic, hyaline, myxoid and red degeneration. keywords: case; degeneration; imaging; leiomyomas; mass; ovarian; patient; pregnancy cache: sajr-1683.htm plain text: sajr-1683.txt item: #349 of 946 id: sajr-169 author: Kathan, D L; Griffith-Richards, S C; Przybojewski, S J; Strachan, M; Vadachia, Y; von Bezing, H title: Encysted peritoneal hydatidosis with a hepatic hydatic cyst date: 2006-02-22 words: 575 flesch: 54 summary: Rupture and spillage of hepatic hydatid cyst can lead to dissemination and anaphylaxis. Bhat S. Transdiaphragmatic extension of hepatic hydatid cyst. keywords: cyst; hydatid cache: sajr-169.pdf plain text: sajr-169.txt item: #350 of 946 id: sajr-1697 author: None title: sajr-1697 date: None words: 2769 flesch: 39 summary: Moon et al. reported a case of pedunculated hepatic haemangioma mimicking a submucosal tumour of the stomach; the lesion was symptomatic, producing epigastric discomfort with dyspepsia, and was initially suspected to be a submucosal tumour of the gastric wall on the basis of an upper gastrointestinal barium study. At surgery, the pathological examination of the mass provided the diagnosis of a giant pedunculated haemangioma.7 Subsequently, occasional case reports of giant pedunculated haemangiomas presenting with various symptoms or complications have been published in literature. keywords: case; giant; haemangioma; hepatic; lesion; liver; lobe; mass cache: sajr-1697.htm plain text: sajr-1697.txt item: #351 of 946 id: sajr-17 author: Joseph, E; Spiegel, K title: CT brain demonstration of basal ganglion calcification in adult HIV/AIDS patients date: 2007-01-30 words: 2446 flesch: 54 summary: The only 2 reported adult cases were drug addicts and it was unclear whether the BGC was related to the HIV disease or due to a drug-induced vas- culitis.2 At our institution an increasing number of adult HIV patients, presented for CT scan of the brain for neurological symptoms, were reported to have BGC. In view of our results, the absence of reports of BGC in adult encephalopathic AIDS patients is puzzling. keywords: aids; bgc; cases; hiv; patients cache: sajr-17.pdf plain text: sajr-17.txt item: #352 of 946 id: sajr-170 author: Strachan, M; Vadachia, Y; Przbojewski, S title: The meandering inferior mesenteric artery date: 2006-02-22 words: 485 flesch: 39 summary: Digital subtraction arteriogram shows prograde filling of the abdomi- nal aorta, bilateral renal arteries and inferior mesenteric artery. There is no filling of the celiac axis or superior mesenteric artery, implying stenosis or cut-off of these vessels. keywords: artery; meandering cache: sajr-170.pdf plain text: sajr-170.txt item: #353 of 946 id: sajr-1703 author: Office, Editorial title: Table of Contents Vol 22, No 1 & 2 (2018) date: 2018-12-13 words: 1474 flesch: -35 summary: An atypical paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome Bogna Targonska, Jamie Frost, Sanjay Prabhu South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 22, No 1 | a1310 | 17 May 2018 67 77 84 88 94 102 108 113 121 Page i of ii Table of Contents i Editorial Re-inventing the future of the radiological research footprint in South Africa Maya Patel South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 22, No 1 | a1665 | 18 October 2018 Opinion Paper Postgraduate radiology education in Nigeria: Looking backward and forward Bukunmi M. Idowu South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 22, No 1 | a1362 | 29 August 2018 Review Article Magnetic resonance imaging in exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm: Case-based pictorial review and approach to management Bishum Rattan, Shalendra K. Misser South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 22, No 1 | a1284 | 18 April 2018 Review Article Magnetic resonance imaging of classified and unclassified Müllerian duct anomalies: Comparison of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine and the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology classifications Devimeenal Jegannathan, Venkatraman Indiran South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 22, No 1 | a1259 | 23 April 2018 Review Article August 2018 Review Article Understanding indications and defining guidelines for breast magnetic resonance imaging Peter K. Schoub South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 22, No 2 | a1353 | 30 October 2018 Review Article keywords: african; breast; imaging; journal; radiology |; research; south; | vol cache: sajr-1703.pdf plain text: sajr-1703.txt item: #354 of 946 id: sajr-1704 author: None title: sajr-1704 date: None words: 2462 flesch: 42 summary: Congenital and acquired renal arteriovenous malformations: Curative embolization with onyx. et al. Management of renal arteriovenous malformations: A pictorial view. keywords: academic hospital; arteriovenous; artery; baragwanath academic; chris hani; congenital; hani baragwanath; renal cache: sajr-1704.htm plain text: sajr-1704.txt item: #355 of 946 id: sajr-1709 author: None title: sajr-1709 date: None words: 4853 flesch: 44 summary: Direct imaging features of aortic vascular injuries include rupture with contrast extravasation (grade IV injury), pseudoaneurysm (grade III injury) which is an outpouching contained within the adventitia, intramural haematoma or dissection (grade II injury) and intimal tear/ flap (grade I injury), which appears as a thin filling defect with or without adherent thrombus (Figures 4, 5 and 6).14 Results: Thirty-nine patients with vascular injury findings were analysed. keywords: aortic; blunt; chest; figure; findings; grade; imaging; injuries; injury; patients; thoracic; trauma; vascular; vessel cache: sajr-1709.htm plain text: sajr-1709.txt item: #356 of 946 id: sajr-171 author: Pienaar, M; Brandt, A; van der Merwe, D; Hlongwane, S; Dajee, S I title: Subarachnoid or subdural effusion? date: 2006-02-22 words: 414 flesch: 53 summary: The frontal lobes stay parallel to the interhemi- spheric fissure with subarachnoid effusions, in contrast to subdural effusions. The inter- hemispheric fissure anteriorly can be V-shaped or asymmetrical, as the hemisphere is displaced away from the falx at an angle (Figs 2a and b).2 Subarachnoid effusions emphasise the gyral outlines as the subarachnoid spaces enlarge, especially over the Subarachnoid or subdural effusion? M Pienaar, BSc, MB ChB A Brandt, MB ChB G Dekker, MB ChB, MMed (Fam) keywords: chb cache: sajr-171.pdf plain text: sajr-171.txt item: #357 of 946 id: sajr-172 author: Erlank, A; Ackermann, C; Greyling, P J title: Sister Mary Joseph's nodule date: 2006-02-22 words: 705 flesch: 56 summary: Sister Mary Joseph, who was the superintendent nurse and surgical assistant of Dr William Mayo at St. Mayo Hospital from 1856 to 1939, was the first to note the link between umbilical nodules and intra-abdominal malignancies. Sister Mary Joseph and her node. keywords: joseph; mary; sister cache: sajr-172.pdf plain text: sajr-172.txt item: #358 of 946 id: sajr-1720 author: None title: sajr-1720 date: None words: 3659 flesch: 47 summary: Abstract Background: The immediate response to cardiac arrest is regarded as the most time-critical intervention. First responders for cardiac arrests in imaging departments are often radiology staff. keywords: arrest; bls; cape; cardiac; confidence; participants; staff; study; support; town cache: sajr-1720.htm plain text: sajr-1720.txt item: #359 of 946 id: sajr-1727 author: None title: sajr-1727 date: None words: 5085 flesch: 48 summary: On the contrary, mucinous neoplasms are potentially malignant, justifying their surgical resection.1,2,3 Cystic pancreatic lesions are usually found incidentally on imaging studies performed for other reasons, and as many as 35% of patients are totally asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis.1,2,3 Similar to Bosniak’s classification for renal cysts, a radiological classification based on imaging features of pancreatic cystic lesions has been suggested.4 Pancreatic cystic lesions include unilocular cysts, micro-cystic lesions, macro-cystic lesions and mixed cystic lesions with a solid component. In spite of advances in MRI in abdominal imaging, CT is still the preferred imaging modality for both initial detection and characterisation of cystic pancreatic lesions, especially the macro-cystic ones.17 Computed tomography is an excellent imaging modality for pancreatic cystic lesions because of its widespread availability and ability to detect cysts.18 This study was undertaken to evaluate the possible role of CT in the preoperative characterisation of pancreatic lesions, on the basis of various morphological characteristics, because preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology may lack the desired diagnostic accuracy, more so in cases of cystic lesions. keywords: contrast; cystic; enhancement; imaging; lesions; pancreas; pancreatic; patients; study; tomography cache: sajr-1727.htm plain text: sajr-1727.txt item: #360 of 946 id: sajr-1729 author: None title: sajr-1729 date: None words: 3340 flesch: 49 summary: Chest tube drainage of the pleural space: A concise review for pulmonologists. Tube thoracostomy; chest tube implantation and follow up. keywords: arrow; catheter; chest; complications; devices; figure; radiograph; right; tip; tube cache: sajr-1729.htm plain text: sajr-1729.txt item: #361 of 946 id: sajr-173 author: Modi, M; Halpin, S title: Produced by the Paediatric Imaging Society of South Africa date: 2006-02-22 words: 1856 flesch: 68 summary: ‘A FLAIR for T1’ Contributors: M Modi, S Halpin 45 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • September 2006 Education exhibit - journal review a Figs 1 a and b: T1 and T1 FLAIR images of the L-spine. b a Figs 2 a and b: T1 and T1 FLAIR images of the midbrain and hippocampus. keywords: ioversol; optiray cache: sajr-173.pdf plain text: sajr-173.txt item: #362 of 946 id: sajr-1730 author: None title: sajr-1730 date: None words: 4077 flesch: 45 summary: A pictorial and radiographic guide for identification of prosthetic heart valve devices. Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) include implantable cardiac pacemakers, ICDs, CRT devices (also known as biventricular devices) and implantable cardiac monitors. keywords: arrow; cardiac; chest; cxr; devices; figure; heart; implantable; lead; pacemaker; radiographs; right; valve cache: sajr-1730.htm plain text: sajr-1730.txt item: #363 of 946 id: sajr-1732 author: None title: sajr-1732 date: None words: 3495 flesch: 49 summary: Rishi P. Mathew Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Timothy Alexander Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Vimal Patel Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Gavin Low Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Citation Mathew RP, Alexander T, Patel V, Low G. Chest radiographs of cardiac devices (Part 2): Ventricular assist devices. Patients who are unfit or waiting for cardiac transplantation may benefit from alternate mechanical support therapies using ventricular assist devices. keywords: arrow; assist; cannula; chest; devices; ecmo; figure; heart; pump; right; ventricular cache: sajr-1732.htm plain text: sajr-1732.txt item: #364 of 946 id: sajr-1733 author: None title: sajr-1733 date: None words: 3108 flesch: 42 summary: Discussion J. Ewing first described EWS in 1921, and it is now believed to be the second-most common malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents after osteosarcoma.6 The origin of EWS from structures other than bone is considered rare and is termed ES-EWS.1 In 1969, Tefft et al. initially described an extra-osseous, paravertebral soft tissue, small round cell tumour with morphological features similar to EWS.7 Angervall and Enzinger in 1975 later established the entity ES-EWS in their review series of 39 cases of extra-osseous examples of EWS.7 The most common sites of occurrence of ES-EWS are the paravertebral region, lower extremities, chest wall, retroperitoneum, pelvis and hip, upper extremities, and head and neck region.2 The right lung and chest wall were normal, with no pulmonary nodules or masses to suggest metastases. keywords: case; chest; diagnosis; ewing; ews; imaging; sarcoma; tumour; wall cache: sajr-1733.htm plain text: sajr-1733.txt item: #365 of 946 id: sajr-174 author: de Vries, Coert title: A few ideas on training in radiology date: 2006-02-21 words: 490 flesch: 52 summary: This prompts the questions – is our radiology training on a par with the rest of the world and does the training reflect these problems faced by academic radiology departments and the registrars they train? Some of these problems include the lack of consultant coverage in the academic setting, old equip- ment in training hospitals and not enough time spent on official teaching and tutoring as a result of the heavy work load faced by the radiology departments in the public sector. keywords: radiology; training cache: sajr-174.pdf plain text: sajr-174.txt item: #366 of 946 id: sajr-1745 author: None title: sajr-1745 date: None words: 1546 flesch: 42 summary: An increase in nerve size, loss of the normal appearance of nerve fascicles and surrounding fat stranding support the findings of nerve injury, but these morphological changes may be more difficult to detect in smaller, more peripheral nerves such as the LFCN.3 Motor neuropathies may also be supported by the findings of muscle oedema in a specific nerve distribution, in the acute phase of denervation. Keywords: Meralgia paresthetica; lateral femoral cutaneous nerve; neuropathy; magnetic resonance neurography; fluid-sensitive sequences. keywords: diagnosis; lfcn; meralgia; nerve; paresthetica; resonance cache: sajr-1745.htm plain text: sajr-1745.txt item: #367 of 946 id: sajr-1749 author: None title: sajr-1749 date: None words: 3299 flesch: 39 summary: Thyroid nodules and ultrasound A thyroid nodule is defined as a distinct focal lesion within the thyroid parenchyma.3 Ultrasound has become the first-choice imaging modality in screening and detection of thyroid nodules. A retrospective study correlating sonographic features of thyroid nodules with fine-needle aspiration cytology in a South African setting. keywords: classification; cytopathology; features; fna; nodule; patients; results; study; thyroid; ultrasound cache: sajr-1749.htm plain text: sajr-1749.txt item: #368 of 946 id: sajr-175 author: Naude, M; de Vries, C S; Nel, E F title: Audit on breast biopsies of non-palpable and difficult-to-access lesions date: 2006-02-21 words: 1761 flesch: 53 summary: The fact that palpable as well as non-palpable breast lesions were sampled in the abovementioned study, made comparison with our audit very difficult. Therefore we wanted to develop a data- base of information regarding FNAB results at our own unit. keywords: lesions; patients; results cache: sajr-175.pdf plain text: sajr-175.txt item: #369 of 946 id: sajr-1754 author: None title: sajr-1754 date: None words: 3913 flesch: 45 summary: How I diagnose meniscal tears on knee MRI. Consent was obtained from the Chief Executive Officer of SBAH to use the reports from the hospital picture archiving and communication system (PACS) (MRI findings), as well as from the patient records (arthroscopy findings). keywords: acl; arthroscopy; imaging; knee; ligament; mri; patients; results; study cache: sajr-1754.htm plain text: sajr-1754.txt item: #370 of 946 id: sajr-176 author: Kotze, D J; Erasmus, L J title: MRI findings in proven Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) spondylitis date: 2006-02-21 words: 2008 flesch: 54 summary: Vertebral involvement • level(s) affected • number of vertebrae involved • complete destruction • partial destruction (including anterior, posterior and diffuse ver- tebral body involvement) • signal intensities in partially affected vertebrae • iso-intense, hyper-intense or hypo-intense compared with normal vertebrae 2. Disc involvement • Destruction • Partial destruction (including height loss and fragmentation) • Complete destruction • Septae present 4. Longitudinal ligament involvement • Elevation • Destruction • Anterior/posterior location MRI findings in proven Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) spondylitis ORIGINAL ARTICLE � SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2006 D J Kotzé, MB ChB L J Erasmus, MB ChB Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein Table I. Level of epicentre of vertebral involvement N = 23 % High thoracic (T1-4) 4 17 Mid thoracic (T5-8) 6 26 Lower thoracic (T9-12) 6 26 L1 0 0 L2 2 9 L3 2 9 L4 3 13 L5 0 0 ORIGINAL ARTICLE pg6-12.indd 6 7/11/06 12:46:04 PM Results Vertebral involvement There was complete destruction of at least one vertebral body in 14 patients (69%) (11 of 16 (69%) patients with thoracic and 3 of 7 (43%) with lumbar involvement). keywords: destruction; involvement; journal; patients; signal; vertebrae cache: sajr-176.pdf plain text: sajr-176.txt item: #371 of 946 id: sajr-1760 author: None title: sajr-1760 date: None words: 2552 flesch: 34 summary: Pancreatic vascular malformations are best managed in a multidisciplinary setting with extensive experience in the treatment of vascular anomalies, as the treatment differs based on the size, location, associations and complications. The differential diagnosis based on imaging studies was that of a pancreatic vascular neoplasm; however, with the laboratory evidence of Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon (KMP), this prompted the diagnosis of pancreatic kaposiform hemangioendothelioma. keywords: arrow; figure; hemangioendothelioma; imaging; khe; mass; pancreatic; tumour cache: sajr-1760.htm plain text: sajr-1760.txt item: #372 of 946 id: sajr-1762 author: None title: sajr-1762 date: None words: 2304 flesch: 37 summary: A subsequent ultrasound was then repeated in the radiology department, showing bilateral subcapsular renal collections with low-level internal echoes (Figure 2). Keywords: Page kidney; young; hypertension; secondary hypertension; subcapsular collection. keywords: case; hypertension; kidney; klerksdorp; page; patient; renal; subcapsular cache: sajr-1762.htm plain text: sajr-1762.txt item: #373 of 946 id: sajr-1767 author: None title: sajr-1767 date: None words: 2761 flesch: 47 summary: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.93101s273 Adesiyun AG, Ameh C, Eka A. Hysterosalpingographic tubal abnormalities and HIV infection among black women with tubal infertility in sub-Saharan Africa. Similarly, Adegoke et al.8 reported that tubo-peritoneal abnormalities were more common amongst infertile women infected with HIV as compared to those without HIV infection. keywords: health; hiv; hsg; infection; infertility; patients; study; tubal; women cache: sajr-1767.htm plain text: sajr-1767.txt item: #374 of 946 id: sajr-1768 author: None title: sajr-1768 date: None words: 4529 flesch: 43 summary: In fact, the majority of malignant bone lesions are on account of secondary metastatic deposits.3 The diagnosis of primary bone tumours is based on a triple combination of clinical, radiological and histopathological findings.4 Relevant clinical factors include age, history of trauma, systemic symptoms, mass, malignancy or infection and correlation with clinical examination and biochemistry.3,4 Radiologically, despite advances in cross-sectional computed tomography (CT) and high strength magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), standard radiographic imaging remains the mainstay in the initial diagnosis, and correlates best with the final histology.5,6 Supplementary CT is useful for evaluating the cortex and matrix, and MRI for determining the intramedullary and soft tissue extent, as well as in assessing for skip lesions and involvement of surrounding structures.2,7,8 It is important that the interpreting radiologist is familiar with the features of common benign bone tumours, as appropriate recognition of these lesions avoids unnecessary additional imaging or biopsy.9,10 Unfortunately, benign and malignant tumours could appear similar. Additionally, malignant bone lesions are relatively uncommon and copies of radiographs of patients referred for biopsy from outside institutions were not universally available for review. keywords: aggressive; biopsy; bone; diagnosis; lesions; malignant; online; sensitivity; serial; signs; study; tumours cache: sajr-1768.htm plain text: sajr-1768.txt item: #375 of 946 id: sajr-177 author: Schulenburg, D H title: Practical considerations in planning a cath-lab date: 2006-02-21 words: 1756 flesch: 50 summary: This will enable conversion of the laboratory into a surgical theatre where vascular procedures can be performed after the diagnostic work has been completed, especially in critical cases and where theatre space is a problem. PACS digital images are stored in computer memory and can be retrieved in seconds. keywords: laboratory; patients; procedures; system; vascular cache: sajr-177.pdf plain text: sajr-177.txt item: #376 of 946 id: sajr-1772 author: None title: sajr-1772 date: None words: 4174 flesch: 47 summary: FIGURE 4: Overall age distribution of optic nerve measurements. Optic nerve measurement on MRI in the pediatric population: Normative values and correlations. keywords: imaging; intracranial; measurements; mri; nerve; optic; pathway; structures; study; width cache: sajr-1772.htm plain text: sajr-1772.txt item: #377 of 946 id: sajr-178 author: Henning, Z; le Grange, S M; du Toit, R S title: Degenerative leiomyopathy date: 2006-02-21 words: 1142 flesch: 56 summary: It then progresses to the rest of the large bowel, as well as small bowel. The patient was a thin girl with severe abdominal distension. keywords: bowel; degenerative; obstruction; year cache: sajr-178.pdf plain text: sajr-178.txt item: #378 of 946 id: sajr-1780 author: Tsatsi, L. D.R.; Mabiletsa, M. A. title: Multiple phaeochromocytoma (adrenal and extra-adrenal) date: 2002-09-30 words: 1518 flesch: 57 summary: The small number of failures tend to occur in children with poorly developed fat planes and in cases of extra-adrenal phaeochromocytoma. Coronal reconstruction shows left suprarenal tumour (adrenal phaeochromocytoma). keywords: adrenal; fig; left; phaeochromocytoma; radiology cache: sajr-1780.pdf plain text: sajr-1780.txt item: #379 of 946 id: sajr-1781 author: Bartlett, J. H.; Loggenberg, E.; de Vries, C. S. title: Placement of tunnelled silicone haemodialysis catheters in a radiology intervention unit date: 2002-06-30 words: 485 flesch: 64 summary: Internal jugular vein. Fig. Doppler flow In internal jugular vein. keywords: fig; vein cache: sajr-1781.pdf plain text: sajr-1781.txt item: #380 of 946 id: sajr-1782 author: Spies, W.; de Vries, C. S. title: Malignant gastrointestinal stromal cell tumour (GIST) of the stomach date: 2002-06-30 words: 753 flesch: 56 summary: A study by Kim et al? analysed the clinical presentation, pathology and long-term follow-up of 19 patients with GIST tumours (12 gastric, 2 duo- denal, 3 jejunal and 2 rectal). Needle biopsy can be used for the diagnosis of GIST tumours preopera- tively. keywords: gist; tumours cache: sajr-1782.pdf plain text: sajr-1782.txt item: #381 of 946 id: sajr-1783 author: Maritz, N. G.J. title: Radiological studies of arthritis of the carpo-metacarpal joint of the thumb date: 2002-03-31 words: 2 flesch: 120 summary: PDF File keywords: pdf cache: sajr-1783.pdf plain text: sajr-1783.txt item: #382 of 946 id: sajr-1784 author: Andronikou, S.; Welman, C.; Kader, E.; Venter, J.; Kilborn, T. title: Is the skull x-ray a useful tool in paediatric blunt head injury and are we familiar with an abnormal finding? date: 2001-02-28 words: 1451 flesch: 52 summary: E-mail: docsav@mweb.co.za Abstract Skull X-ray (SXR) has been, and sti II is, used in some institutions to detect skull fractures in paediatric head injuries. It is also well known that in children severe intracranial injury can occur in the ab- sence of skull fractures. keywords: head; injury; skull cache: sajr-1784.pdf plain text: sajr-1784.txt item: #383 of 946 id: sajr-1785 author: Corr, Peter title: Status of MR in South Africa date: 2000-08-31 words: 590 flesch: 59 summary: Coronary MR imaging is becoming a reality and the role of cardiology in MR imaging will have to be addressed by the radiology society and speciality. For radiologists to protect their referral base, they will have to keep up-to-date with the recent advances in MR technology and ultra fast imaging. keywords: imaging cache: sajr-1785.pdf plain text: sajr-1785.txt item: #384 of 946 id: sajr-1786 author: Emby, D. J. title: Pitfalls in Spinal Radiology: Association between the Hangman's fracture and an extension teardrop fracture of the body of C2 date: 2000-01-31 words: 2 flesch: 120 summary: PDF File keywords: pdf cache: sajr-1786.pdf plain text: sajr-1786.txt item: #385 of 946 id: sajr-1787 author: Whitehorn, R. title: Computer technology update date: 2000-01-31 words: 2175 flesch: 67 summary: It is their digital nature that has made modern computers so reliable and successful. equip with, perform by, produce by, computer. keywords: computer; data; mediswitch; processor; ram cache: sajr-1787.pdf plain text: sajr-1787.txt item: #386 of 946 id: sajr-1788 author: Bunea, G.; Copley, I. B.; Ajani, O. title: A case of cerebral venous thrombosis following the use of contraceptive medication date: 2000-01-31 words: 1686 flesch: 50 summary: Computerized to- mography (CT) done at the peripheral hospital (Figure 1 and 2) was reported as a large subdural haematoma (possi- ble venous sinus) occipitally; blood in the quadrigeminal cisterns, possible subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), blood in the region of the straight si- nus. Any involve- ment of the posterior two-thirds is as- sociated with cerebral oedema indi- cated by engorgement of retinal veins, topage34 A case of cerebral venous thrombosis follo\Ni ng the use of contraceptive medication frompage33 meningism and decreased level of consciousness. keywords: case; cerebral; flow; sinus; thrombosis; venous cache: sajr-1788.pdf plain text: sajr-1788.txt item: #387 of 946 id: sajr-1791 author: None title: sajr-1791 date: None words: 3685 flesch: 36 summary: 2008;3(6):1726–1732. https://doi.org/10.2215/CJN.01240308 Wang K, Wang P, Liang X, Lu X, Liu Z. Epidemiology of haemodialysis catheter complications: A survey of 865 dialysis patients from 14 haemodialysis centres in Henan province in China. Studies have shown that associations exist between several patient characteristics (male gender, increased age, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy and glomerulonephritis) and their risk of complications.3,7 Study limitations Many patients who had their catheter inserted and were then managed further in other centres were lost to follow up, resulting in incomplete information, particularly with regards to catheter-related infection and dysfunctional catheter complications. keywords: access; catheter; complications; disease; haemodialysis; patients; population; renal; risk; study cache: sajr-1791.htm plain text: sajr-1791.txt item: #388 of 946 id: sajr-1792 author: Cherry, Robin title: Obituary: Allan Cormack date: 1998-08-31 words: 533 flesch: 53 summary: Please make a note of this in your diary if you are Fax: (012) 329-6763 interested Department of Radiology,Faculty of Further details will he forthcoming Medicine, University of Pretoria, Congress Co-ordinator: Dr LL Sirkin PO Box 667,Pretoria,OOOl Advance notification of Chest Radiology Congress 22 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY· February 1998 Prof Hillel Goodman, Groote Schuur Hospital Allan Cormack clinical use of isotopes. keywords: department; physics; radiology cache: sajr-1792.pdf plain text: sajr-1792.txt item: #389 of 946 id: sajr-1795 author: Sirkin, L. L.; Du Plessis, P. S. title: Case of the day date: 1997-06-30 words: 2 flesch: 120 summary: PDF File keywords: pdf cache: sajr-1795.pdf plain text: sajr-1795.txt item: #390 of 946 id: sajr-18 author: George, R; Andronikou, S; Lameen, H; Mapukata, A; Theron, S; du Plessis, J title: Is anatomical distribution helpful for differentiating TB spondylitis from neoplastic causes of extradural spinal cord compression in children? A pilot study date: 2007-01-30 words: 2261 flesch: 39 summary: There were 9 males and 7 females and ages ranged from Is anatomical distribution helpful for differentiating TB spondylitis from neoplastic causes of extradural spinal cord compression in children? The aim of this paper is to determine whether there are sig- nificant differences between TB spondylitis and neoplasia causing extra- dural compression of the cord with regard to the anatomical distribution and compartmentalisation. keywords: compression; cord; extradural; spinal; spondylitis cache: sajr-18.pdf plain text: sajr-18.txt item: #391 of 946 id: sajr-180 author: Ojo, A; Fynn, E title: Multiple meningiomas date: 2006-02-21 words: 1226 flesch: 46 summary: Multiple meningiomas are not infrequently found in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2); however, they occur much less frequently in cases of sporadic meningioma.2 Cases Three female patients presented with multiple meningiomas. In this case series we report 3 cases of female patients with multiple meningiomas with distinct radiological features. keywords: case; contrast; meningiomas cache: sajr-180.pdf plain text: sajr-180.txt item: #392 of 946 id: sajr-1806 author: None title: sajr-1806 date: None words: 3031 flesch: 38 summary: Questions evaluating radiation safety knowledge tested participants on fundamental radiation principles, some of which could directly be applied in the orthopaedic theatre to reduce radiation dose. Questions evaluating radiation safety knowledge revealed that 34 (77%) participants did not know the meaning of the ALARA principle. keywords: knowledge; orthopaedic; participants; radiation; safety; study; surgeons; theatre; use cache: sajr-1806.htm plain text: sajr-1806.txt item: #393 of 946 id: sajr-1808 author: None title: sajr-1808 date: None words: 230 flesch: 33 summary: S Afr J Rad. 2019;23(1), a1808. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v23i1.1808 Note: DOI of original article: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v23i1.1729 Erratum Erratum: Chest radiographs – Lines, tubes, non-cardiac medical devices and materials Rishi P. Mathew, Timothy Alexander, Vimal Patel, Gavin Low Published: 05 Dec. 2019 Copyright: © 2019. About the Author(s) Rishi P. Mathew Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Timothy Alexander Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Vimal Patel Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Gavin Low Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada Citation Mathew RP, Alexander T, Patel V, Low G. Erratum: keywords: dentistry cache: sajr-1808.htm plain text: sajr-1808.txt item: #394 of 946 id: sajr-181 author: Przybojewski, S J; Andronikou, S title: Corpus callosum hypogenesis versus dysgenesis date: 2006-02-21 words: 193 flesch: 43 summary: Corpus callosum hypogenesis versus dysgenesis S J Przybojewski, MB ChB, MMed (Rad D), FCR Diag (SA), Dip PEC (SA) S Andronikou, MB BCh, FCR Diag (SA), FRCR (Lond), PhD Department of Radiology, Tygerberg Hospital and University of Stellenbosch PICTORIAL INTERLUDE 24 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2006 Fig. The callosal anomalies seen in holoprosencephaly represent true callosal dysgenesis (defective development) (Fig. 2) rather than the more common callosal hypogenesis (incomplete formation). keywords: corpus cache: sajr-181.pdf plain text: sajr-181.txt item: #395 of 946 id: sajr-1817 author: None title: sajr-1817 date: None words: 2214 flesch: 37 summary: Abstract An amniocele, or contained uterine rupture, is a phenomenon in which there is herniation of the amniotic sac through a uterine defect, secondary to various causes. Keywords: amniocele; contained uterine rupture; foetal imaging; antepartum haemorrhage; placenta previa. keywords: amniocele; case; imaging; placenta; previa; ultrasound; uterine cache: sajr-1817.htm plain text: sajr-1817.txt item: #396 of 946 id: sajr-182 author: Brandt, A; Louw, B; Dekker, G; Hlongwane, S; Pienaar, M title: Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis date: 2006-02-21 words: 398 flesch: 47 summary: Superior mesenteric vein thrombosis with radiologically occult cause: a retrospective study of 43 cases. Schmutz GR, Benko A, Billiard JS, Fournier L, Peron JM, Fisch-Ponsot C. Computed tomography of superior mesenteric vein thrombosis following appendicectomy. keywords: thrombosis cache: sajr-182.pdf plain text: sajr-182.txt item: #397 of 946 id: sajr-1820 author: None title: sajr-1820 date: None words: 3122 flesch: 46 summary: Keywords: Posterior urethral valves; Urethral ratio; Posterior anterior urethral ratio; Voiding cystourethrogram; Golden ratio. A method to assess posterior urethral valve ablation. keywords: ablation; africa; department; health; hospital; johannesburg; posterior; ratio; south; urethral cache: sajr-1820.htm plain text: sajr-1820.txt item: #398 of 946 id: sajr-1823 author: None title: sajr-1823 date: None words: 4808 flesch: 50 summary: The Image Gently Alliance and campaign, which started in 2007, promoted the ALARA principle and since then has become one of the primary considerations in paediatric imaging.3 Since 2007, there has been a reduction in the annual increase of paediatric CT examinations in the developed world.5 This reduction is likely because of the successes of radiation awareness programmes. At CMJAH, there are dedicated time slots for paediatric CT examinations during the week, but after-hours urgent paediatric CTs are performed in between adult patient CTs, which could lead to an incorrect parameter and CT protocol selection when examining children. keywords: age; brain; data; dlp; dose; drls; examinations; paediatric; radiation; tomography; values; year cache: sajr-1823.htm plain text: sajr-1823.txt item: #399 of 946 id: sajr-1827 author: None title: sajr-1827 date: None words: 709 flesch: 52 summary: It is a world of unrelenting struggle for recognition, reputability and acceptance where promoted research is constantly exposed to criticism over quality and relevance to bolster journal metrics. The difficulty faced by authors and journals is deciding on which indexers to aim for. keywords: journal; research; south cache: sajr-1827.htm plain text: sajr-1827.txt item: #400 of 946 id: sajr-183 author: Richards, S; Andronikou, S title: The small cerebelium in children - a useful approach on MRI date: 2006-02-21 words: 391 flesch: 50 summary: Sagittal T1 image shows almost complete absence of the vermis and an enlarged posterior fossa with associated hydrocephalus. Fig. Sagittal T1 image shows the folia and fis- sures to be in proportion in a small cerebellum. keywords: cerebellum; fig cache: sajr-183.pdf plain text: sajr-183.txt item: #401 of 946 id: sajr-1830 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2019-12-11 words: 467 flesch: 36 summary: The editorial team of the SA Journal of Radiology recognises the value and importance of peer reviewers in the overall publication process – not only in shaping individual manuscripts, but also in shaping the credibility and reputation of our journal. http://www.sajr.org.za Open Access Page 1 of 1 Reviewer Acknowledgement Acknowledgement to reviewers In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the SA Journal of Radiology, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https:// sajr.org.za for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. keywords: https://sajr.org.za; journal; radiology; reviewers cache: sajr-1830.pdf plain text: sajr-1830.txt item: #402 of 946 id: sajr-1834 author: None title: sajr-1834 date: None words: 2346 flesch: 48 summary: We postulate that ongoing athletic activity that results in chronic physeal stress injury might manifest as dorsal physeal widening of the great toe metatarsal on MR imaging in a skeletally immature soccer player. Interestingly, chronic physeal stress injuries at other lower extremity sites have been reported in kickers.4 Whether the injured physis in these cases was in the planting leg and resulted from compressive force, or in the kicking leg and resulted from distraction, was not reported in either instance; therefore, it is difficult to discern whether the mechanism of injury may have been similar to the current postulated causation, but involving a different physeal location. keywords: injury; metatarsal; physeal; physis; soccer; stress; toe cache: sajr-1834.htm plain text: sajr-1834.txt item: #403 of 946 id: sajr-1838 author: None title: sajr-1838 date: None words: 1676 flesch: 45 summary: We report a case of piriformis muscle agenesis in a 28-year-old woman, incidentally detected on magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral spine and pelvis, performed for low back pain. Differential diagnoses for piriformis muscle agenesis may be congenital fusion with overlapping muscles, most commonly the superior gemellus and gluteus medius muscles, which can be differentiated with MRI. keywords: agenesis; case; imaging; muscle; pain; piriformis cache: sajr-1838.htm plain text: sajr-1838.txt item: #404 of 946 id: sajr-184 author: Lockhat, Z I; de Vries, C; Scher, A; Schulze, O; du Plessis, A; Potgieer, F; Lotz, J title: Speciality corner date: 2006-02-21 words: 1889 flesch: 49 summary: Secondly, there was doubt regarding the quality of X-ray images in PowerPoint presentations and delay in transition because of the large size of the images. • Lipid disorders encountered in patients with renal disease • An approach to dialysis and transplantation. keywords: disease; kidney; presentation; university; videoconference cache: sajr-184.pdf plain text: sajr-184.txt item: #405 of 946 id: sajr-1841 author: None title: sajr-1841 date: None words: 3995 flesch: 47 summary: The retention of advanced life support knowledge among registered nurses. There were also 15 multiple-choice and six closed-ended questions assessing the knowledge and practice of CPR, as well as the recognition and management of contrast media reactions. keywords: contrast; knowledge; life; management; participants; radiology; reactions; support; training; years cache: sajr-1841.htm plain text: sajr-1841.txt item: #406 of 946 id: sajr-1844 author: None title: sajr-1844 date: None words: 2640 flesch: 32 summary: Luminal surface enhancement (LSE) with continuous mucosal lines is seen in 66% of cases, and a focal breach in the mucosal line is not uncommon.1 Pericholecystic fat stranding, blurring of the interface with liver, oedema, transient hepatic attenuation differences or early enhancement may be appreciated in the adjacent liver parenchyma.4 Zhao et al.6 observed that the co-existence of at least four out of the five CT features (diffuse GB wall thickening, hypoattenuating intramural nodules, continuous mucosal line, LSE and gallstones) was found in 80% cases of histologically proven XGC.6 On dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, areas of T2 isointensity showing early and strong delayed enhancement suggest xanthogranulomas, whereas high T2 signal lesions without enhancement suggest microabscesses.1 Contrast-enhanced computed tomography is the best modality for the evaluation of GB wall thickening and a systematic approach may be beneficial in arriving at an accurate diagnosis, as follows: Is the thickening focal or diffuse? keywords: carcinoma; cholecystitis; features; gallbladder; thickening; wall; xanthogranulomatous; xgc cache: sajr-1844.htm plain text: sajr-1844.txt item: #407 of 946 id: sajr-1847 author: Office, Editorial title: Table of Contents Vol 23, No 1 (2019) date: 2019-12-19 words: 1268 flesch: -355 summary: SAJR 23-1_2019_Contents.indd http://www.sajr.org.za Open Access Table of Contents i Original Research Imaging findings of penetrating spinal cord injuries secondary to stab wounds on magnetic resonance imaging in a tertiary trauma unit, South Africa Jacolien M. Rall, Fekade A. Gebremariam, Gina Joubert South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1761 | 19 September 2019 Original Research The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of non-osseous knee injury at Steve Biko Academic Hospital Nashil Singh, Heleen Hanekom, Farhana E. Suleman South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1754 | 25 September 2019 Original Research Normal measurements of the optic nerve, optic nerve sheath and optic chiasm in the adult population Sanele S. Mncube, Matthew D. Goodier South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1772 | 05 November 2019 Original Research Evaluation of self-reported confidence amongst radiology staff in initiating basic life support across hospitals in the Cape Town Metropole West region Isak D. Vorster, Steve Beningfield South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1720 | 20 November 2019 Original Research Tunnelled haemodialysis catheters in central Free State: Epidemiology and complications John Fox, Gina Joubert, Eugene Loggenberg South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1791 | 27 November 2019 Original Research Accuracy of plain radiographs in diagnosing biopsy-proven malignant bone lesions Erhardt Gerber, Qonita Said-Hartley, Rufkah Gamieldien, Tharbit Hartley, Sally Candy South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1768 | 06 December 2019 Case Report Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the biliary tree in a paediatric patient – A rare cause of obstructive jaundice Denny Mathew, Heliodora de Lima, Nasreen Mahomed South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1662 | 10 January 2019 Case Report Solid to cystic: A case report of imaging findings of atypical lung metastases Tanusha Sewchuran South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1663 | 28 January 2019 Case Report Vanishing white matter disease imaged over 3 years Denny Mathew, Nasreen Mahomed South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1661 | 27 February 2019 60 68 74 81 86 92 99 103 106 Page i of ii Table of Contents i Editorial The power of indexers Maya Patel South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1827 | 10 December 2019 Original Research Cost analysis of violence-related medical imaging in a Free State tertiary trauma unit Tiaan P. Steyn, Fekade A. Gebremariam South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1664 | 08 January 2019 Original Research Outcomes of prostate artery embolisation for benign prostatic hyperplasia in 10 cases at Steve Biko Academic Hospital Hatty G. Fischer, Farhana E. Suleman, Samia Ahmad South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1349 | 11 February 2019 Original Research Prevalence and pattern of basal skull fracture in head injury patients in an academic hospital Ntjeke S. Mokolane, Cornelia Minne, Alireza Dehnavi South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1677 | 13 March 2019 Original Research Medical doctors’ awareness of radiation exposure in diagnostic radiology investigations in a South African academic institution Akingboye M. Dauda, John O. Ozoh, Olakunle A. Towobola South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1707 | 30 April 2019 Original Research Multicentre study on dynamic contrast computed tomography findings of focal liver lesions with clinical and histological correlation Sheila T. Ominde, Timothy M. Mutala South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1667 | 21 May 2019 Original Research Preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomographic characterisation of pancreatic cystic lesions: A prospective study Dar M. Saleem, Wani A. Haseeb, Arshed H. Parry, Robbani Irfan, Najar M. Muzaffar, Gojwari Tariq, Shah O. Javed, Imza Feroz South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1727 | 10 June 2019 Original Research A retrospective study correlating sonographic features of thyroid nodules with fine-needle aspiration cytology in a South African setting Mark A. Nicolaou, Kathleen Jacobs, Sindeep Bhana, Kershlin Naidu, Veronique Nicolaou South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1749 | 26 June 2019 Original Research Spectrum of multi-detector computed tomography imaging findings of thoracic vascular injuries secondary to blunt chest trauma: Correlation with vascular intervention and patient outcomes Sithembiso M. Langa, Nondumiso N.M. ISSN: 1027-202X (print) | ISSN: 2078-6778 (online)South African Journal of Radiology http://www.sajr.org.za Open Access Table of Contents ii Case Report Atypical exophytic liver mass: Giant pedunculated hepatic haemangioma masquerading as a gastrointestinal stromal tumour of the gastric wall Venkatram Krishnan, Sunil K. Bajaj, Abhilash Sethy, Neetika Gupta South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1697 | 18 March 2019 Case Report Cystic pelvi-abdominal mass in pregnancy: An uncommon presentation of a subserosal leiomyoma Natasha Sobey, Lauren Raubenheimer South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1683 | 18 April 2019 Case Report Renal arteriovenous malformation: An unusual pathology Alain M. Mukendi, Amer Rauf, Sean Doherty, Florence Mahlobo, Peter Afolayan, Shabina Dawadi South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1704 | 30 May 2019 Case Report Extra-skeletal Ewing Sarcoma of the chest wall in a child Denny Mathew, Daniel N. Prince, Nasreen Mahomed South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1733 | 27 June 2019 110 117 122 127 Case Report Pancreatic kaposiform hemangioendothelioma complicated by Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon: A rare entity Denny Mathew, Nasreen Mahomed South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1760 | 19 August 2019 Case Report Page kidney: A rare cause of secondary hypertension Ilonka Warnich, Mark Nicolaou, Zelia Sofianos, Jacobus A. Pienaar, Jacob Varghese South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1762 | 23 September 2019 Clinical Perspective Meralgia paresthetica: Now showing on 3T magnetic resonance neurography Raihaan M. Ally, Mark D. Velleman, Farhana E. Suleman South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1745 | 21 August 2019 132 137 141 Page ii of ii Vol 23, No 1 (2019) Special Collection: Lines, tubes and devices Review Article Chest radiographs of cardiac devices (Part 1): Lines, tubes, non-cardiac medical devices and materials* Rishi P. Mathew, Timothy Alexander, Vimal Patel, Gavin Low *Refer to the Correction section for more information regarding this article South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1729 | 29 July 2019 Review Article Chest radiographs of cardiac devices (Part 1): Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices, cardiac valve prostheses and Amplatzer occluder devices Rishi P. Mathew, Timothy Alexander, Vimal Patel, Gavin Low South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1730 | 31 July 2019 144 153 Review Article Chest radiographs of cardiac devices (Part 2): Ventricular assist devices Rishi P. Mathew, Timothy Alexander, Vimal Patel, Gavin Low South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1732 | 31 July 2019 Correction Erratum: Chest radiographs – Lines, tubes, non-cardiac medical devices and materials Rishi P. Mathew, Timothy Alexander, Vimal Patel, Gavin Low South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1808 | 05 December 2019 Reviewer Acknowledgement South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 23, No 1 | a1830 | 11 December 2019 166 174 175 keywords: african; african journal; journal; radiology; south; vol cache: sajr-1847.pdf plain text: sajr-1847.txt item: #408 of 946 id: sajr-185 author: Holl, Julian title: Forensic radiology date: 2006-02-14 words: 739 flesch: 62 summary: The radiological fraternity has played a significant role in the new South Africa, but taking our pre- vious history into account and living in an era of human rights and social change we must realise that far more will be expected of us, including in the field of forensic radiology. The bullet was extracted and used in testi- mony in court, which led to the imprisonment of a Mr George Holder for 14 years.1 All these facts are interesting, but our concern today must be the setting up of a civilised society where forensic radiology can and must play a role. keywords: field; forensic; radiology cache: sajr-185.pdf plain text: sajr-185.txt item: #409 of 946 id: sajr-186 author: Emby, D J; Ho, K title: Air embolus revisited - a diagnostic and interventional radiological perspective (bubble trouble and the dynamic Mercedes Benz sign) date: 2006-02-14 words: 4002 flesch: 51 summary: Venous air embolism Sudden onset of dyspnoea and chest pain occur in significant venous air embolism and this accompanies signs of tachypnoea, wheezes, rales, tachycardia and hypotension. Venous air embolism following orogenital sex during pregnancy. keywords: air; arterial; circulation; embolism; embolus; heart; pulmonary; right; systemic; venous cache: sajr-186.pdf plain text: sajr-186.txt item: #410 of 946 id: sajr-187 author: Naude, F; van Vuuren, W; Venter, K; Meyer, B J; Sathekge, M M; Pellegrin, V; Holl, J L title: Impact of scintimammography in management of breast cancer date: 2006-02-14 words: 2528 flesch: 53 summary: REPORT Abstract Mammography is the most widely used diagnostic imaging method for screening and diagnosing breast cancer. We performed a prospective study of 53 patients with a suggestion of breast cancer, either on palpation or mammography. keywords: 99mtc; breast; cancer; mammography; mibi; patients cache: sajr-187.pdf plain text: sajr-187.txt item: #411 of 946 id: sajr-1874 author: None title: sajr-1874 date: None words: 4215 flesch: 40 summary: Conclusion In conclusion, this article highlights the challenges of undergraduate nuclear medicine education, more particularly in South Africa, and recognises the need for the implementation of formal guidelines for undergraduate medical nuclear medicine education in MBChB programmes in South Africa. Here we highlight the challenges of undergraduate nuclear medicine teaching in South Africa, emphasising the need for the implementation of guidelines for undergraduate nuclear medicine education. keywords: africa; education; guidelines; imaging; medical; medicine; radiation; radiology; south; south africa; students; teaching; training; undergraduate cache: sajr-1874.htm plain text: sajr-1874.txt item: #412 of 946 id: sajr-1876 author: None title: sajr-1876 date: None words: 3470 flesch: 48 summary: The prediction equation of interest was a logistic regression function with dependant variable ‘outcome’, i.e. zero if all three types of cervical spine subluxation were absent and one if at least one of the three types of cervical spine subluxations were present. Sub-axial subluxation is caused by facet joint erosion and ligament incompetence and can occur at multiple levels.4,5,6 The association between peripheral joint destruction and cervical spine subluxation in RA is known,2 but only one previous study has correlated the Simple Erosion Narrowing Score (SENS) of both the hands and feet with the prevalence of cervical spine subluxation.11 Our study is the first to correlate SENS of the hands only with cervical spine subluxation. keywords: erosion; hands; joint; narrowing; patients; score; sens; spine subluxation cache: sajr-1876.htm plain text: sajr-1876.txt item: #413 of 946 id: sajr-188 author: Lockhat, Z I; Raven, S; van Rensburg, M; van de Werke, I title: Paramedian thalamic stroke syndrome date: 2006-02-14 words: 1384 flesch: 38 summary: When bilateral paramedian thalamic infarcts are found, occlusion of the artery of Percheron should be considered as the main diagnosis. The paramedian thalamus is believed to play an important role in the regulation of sleep and disturbances in sleep regulation are known to occur in paramedian thalamic stroke (PTS). keywords: arteries; artery; paramedian; thalamic cache: sajr-188.pdf plain text: sajr-188.txt item: #414 of 946 id: sajr-1883 author: None title: sajr-1883 date: None words: 2314 flesch: 31 summary: Identification of true cases of spontaneous pneumoparotid is crucial, as these require a holistic management approach to prevent recurrence and complications. Pneumoparotid as a consequence of facial trauma is commonly encountered.3,4 A phenomenon which is much less commonly documented is spontaneous pneumoparotid or self-induced pneumoparotid. keywords: air; duct; gland; neck; parotid; pneumoparotid; radiology cache: sajr-1883.htm plain text: sajr-1883.txt item: #415 of 946 id: sajr-1885 author: None title: sajr-1885 date: None words: 1899 flesch: 48 summary: The case illustrates how fish bone perforation may mislead unsuspecting clinicians and may be misdiagnosed as colonic cancer. A definitive diagnosis of fish bone perforation was made after hemicolectomy and histopathology analysis. keywords: bone; bowel; case; fish; patient; perforation cache: sajr-1885.htm plain text: sajr-1885.txt item: #416 of 946 id: sajr-1887 author: None title: sajr-1887 date: None words: 4748 flesch: 45 summary: Objectives: The main objectives of this study were to assess the overall rate of ONP recovery after endovascular coiling of PcomA aneurysms, as well as to determine the associated predictive factors of oculomotor nerve recovery. The secondary aim was to determine the predictive factors of oculomotor nerve recovery. keywords: aneurysms; artery; coiling; nerve; oculomotor; onp; palsy; patients; pcoma; recovery; treatment cache: sajr-1887.htm plain text: sajr-1887.txt item: #417 of 946 id: sajr-189 author: Makama, J Z; Khan, N; Makhanya, N Z; Motswaledi, H title: Botryomycosis date: 2006-02-14 words: 965 flesch: 50 summary: Post-contrast axial CT scan: dense homogeneous enhancement of both the extra-and intracranial components of the mass. 15 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • March 2006 Botryomycosis.indd 15 3/27/06 12:09:49 PM Les formes actinomycotiques du staphylocoque, the first paper published on botryomycosis involvement in humans, appeared in 1914 - 1919.1,2 keywords: botryomycosis; case; mass cache: sajr-189.pdf plain text: sajr-189.txt item: #418 of 946 id: sajr-1891 author: None title: sajr-1891 date: None words: 2991 flesch: 36 summary: Keywords: Hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma; Paediatric population; Cystic liver masses; Hepatic tumours; Paediatric alfa fetoprotein levels; Computed tomography; Ultrasound. These findings are in keeping with a histological diagnosis of hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma. keywords: cystic; diagnosis; hamartoma; hepatic; imaging; liver; mass; mesenchymal; radiology cache: sajr-1891.htm plain text: sajr-1891.txt item: #419 of 946 id: sajr-191 author: Minne, C; Khan, N title: Paraspinal primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) of the chest date: 2006-02-14 words: 1705 flesch: 57 summary: The mass involved most of the lower chest cavity and extended into the spinal canal displacing and compressing the spinal cord anteriorly and to the left (Figs 3 and 4) and expanding Paraspinal primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) of the chest C Minné, MB ChB, Dip EC (SA) N Khan, MB BS, FCRad (D) SA Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Limpopo, Medunsa Campus CASE REPORT 18 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • March 2006 Fig. 1. tumours2 Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumours (pPNET) is a group of poorly differentiated small round blue cell tumours from neural crest origin.1-4,6 PNET and ES are classified together into the Ewing family of tumours,2,6 which is comprised of tumours with poorly differentiated small round cells.2,6 PNET is dis- tinguished by neural differentiation,2 seen as Homer-Wright rosettes4-7 or Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes.4,7 Immunohistochemistry is used to detect expression of at least 2 of the following neural antigens in order to make the diagnosis of PNET, namely neuron-specific enolase (NSE), protein S100, Leucine 7, and neurofilaments protein, chromogranin A or synaptophysin.6,7 A highly specific antibody, CD99 (MIC2), can be found in both PNET and ES with immunostaining.5,7 PNET is seen mostly in the thoracopulmonary region and is also known as Askins tumour when it is in the chest wall.2,3,6,8 keywords: chest; fig; mass; mri; pnet; spinal cache: sajr-191.pdf plain text: sajr-191.txt item: #420 of 946 id: sajr-1915 author: None title: sajr-1915 date: None words: 6571 flesch: 43 summary: The purpose of this pictorial review is to empower the reading radiologist with a simplified classification of the patterns of cerebral injury matched to images of patients demonstrating each subtype. A background narrative literature review was undertaken of the regional, continental and international databases looking at specific patterns of cerebral injury related to perinatal HIBI. keywords: arrows; brain; child; figure; hibi; hypoxic; imaging; injury; ischemic; mri; neonatal; pattern; perinatal; watershed; weighted cache: sajr-1915.htm plain text: sajr-1915.txt item: #421 of 946 id: sajr-1919 author: None title: sajr-1919 date: None words: 3503 flesch: 39 summary: Only two patients (cases 4 and 5) had a clinical suspicion of pulmonary TB and CT scans were performed primarily for the evaluation of pulmonary involvement, which also revealed the associated bony and soft tissue involvement of chest wall. This case series reports seven patients who presented to our department with rare sites of TB involvement such as the clavicle, sternum, acromion, chest wall and temporo-mandibular joint, most of whom had a provisional clinical diagnosis other than TB. keywords: cases; chest; imaging; involvement; patients; tissue; tomography; tuberculosis; wall cache: sajr-1919.htm plain text: sajr-1919.txt item: #422 of 946 id: sajr-192 author: Adroos, N title: Cerebral and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations date: 2006-02-14 words: 839 flesch: 47 summary: Vascular malformations part 2 – current classification of vascular malformations. Due to the metameric nature of this disorder there has been a revised classification of such craniofacial vascular malformation syndromes as the cerebrofacial arteriovenous metameric syndromes (CAMS). keywords: fig; pulmonary; vascular cache: sajr-192.pdf plain text: sajr-192.txt item: #423 of 946 id: sajr-193 author: Chamarthi, S K; Kiranmayi, A L; Mukarrab, A M title: Central pontine myelinolysis date: 2006-02-14 words: 1024 flesch: 49 summary: Introduction Central pontine myelinolysis is a demyelinating disease of the pons characterised by loss of myelin and oligodendroglia with relative neuron sparing. We report a case of central pontine myelinolysis in a chronic alcoholic, malnourished patient following rapid correction of hyponatraemia. keywords: myelinolysis; patient; pons; pontine cache: sajr-193.pdf plain text: sajr-193.txt item: #424 of 946 id: sajr-1935 author: None title: sajr-1935 date: None words: 2090 flesch: 52 summary: The patency of the processus vaginalis in females leads to the presence of a potential space between the peritoneum, inguinal canal and labia majora, which is known as the canal of Nuck. Current concepts in inguinal hernia in infants and children. keywords: canal; hernia; herniation; left; nuck; ovaries; uterus cache: sajr-1935.htm plain text: sajr-1935.txt item: #425 of 946 id: sajr-195 author: van de Werke, I; du Plessis, A T; Lockhat, Z title: Potential pitfalls - pips or polyps? date: 2006-02-14 words: 538 flesch: 61 summary: To simulate the picture of linseed and grape pip filling defects, linseeds (Figs 1b and c), grape pips (Fig. 1d) and liquid barium were placed in latex surgical gloves and X- rayed to simulate double-contrast barium study. A variety of pips and chewed nuts can simulate disease by appearing as multiple filling defects on the double-contrast barium enema. keywords: fig; pips cache: sajr-195.pdf plain text: sajr-195.txt item: #426 of 946 id: sajr-1953 author: None title: sajr-1953 date: None words: 1928 flesch: 42 summary: Abstract Vigorous achalasia is an oesophageal disorder with clinical and radiological characteristics of classic achalasia and diffuse oesophageal spasm. Keywords: vigorous achalasia; diffuse oesophageal spasm; classic achalasia; barium swallow; proton pump inhibitors. keywords: achalasia; barium; classic; diffuse; oesophageal; oesophagus; spasm cache: sajr-1953.htm plain text: sajr-1953.txt item: #427 of 946 id: sajr-196 author: Lameen, H; Theron, S; Steyn, F; Grobbelaar, M; Mapukata, A; Andronikou, S title: A useful ultrasound artifact and its application - the 'twinkling sign' date: 2006-02-14 words: 411 flesch: 49 summary: Applying the colour Doppler for the same kidney (b) shows multi-coloured pixels, the 'twinkling sign', distal to the echogenic structures. Aytac SK , Ozcan H. Effect of color Doppler system on the twinkling sign associated with urinary calculi. keywords: artifact; sign cache: sajr-196.pdf plain text: sajr-196.txt item: #428 of 946 id: sajr-1963 author: None title: sajr-1963 date: None words: 2332 flesch: 42 summary: Their incidence is reported to be 1.7%3 and peaks in children below 10 years of age.4 Ninety percent of congenital bladder diverticula are located superolateral to the ureteral orifice, in proximity to the uretero-vesical junction.5 Unlike the acquired adult form, in which outlet obstruction or neurogenic dysfunction is almost always present, congenital bladder diverticula result from hypoplasia of the muscular layer of the bladder wall.1 This rare case highlights an unusual incidental presentation and opportunity to learn how to differentiate it from acquired bladder diverticula. keywords: bladder; delhi; diverticula; left; right; sciences; university; university college cache: sajr-1963.htm plain text: sajr-1963.txt item: #429 of 946 id: sajr-1964 author: None title: sajr-1964 date: None words: 3538 flesch: 37 summary: References Zhang XM, Hu WL, He HX, et al. Diagnosis of male posterior urethral stricture: Comparison of 64-MDCT urethrography vs. standard urethrography. Cystitis is commonly seen with urethritis and urethral strictures (Figure 7). keywords: arrow; bladder; contrast; figure; image; mdctu; stricture; urethra; urethrography cache: sajr-1964.htm plain text: sajr-1964.txt item: #430 of 946 id: sajr-197 author: Rozendaal, G title: Imaging of HIV-associated parotid gland enlargement date: 2006-02-14 words: 856 flesch: 40 summary: Concurrent hyperplastic cervical and intraparotid lymphadenopathy may also be seen.2,3 The aetiology of parotid gland enlargement is extensive and it may be the presenting clinical manifestation of systemic HIV infection in children as well as adults. The specific radiological signs of parotid gland enlargement in HIV infection are discussed here. keywords: gland; hiv; parotid cache: sajr-197.pdf plain text: sajr-197.txt item: #431 of 946 id: sajr-1973 author: None title: sajr-1973 date: None words: 3218 flesch: 41 summary: This pictorial review illustrates the MRI findings of infrapatellar plica injury and associated knee injuries, with emphasis on its differentiation from the mimics of plica injury. Keywords: MR imaging; knee; synovial plica; infrapatellar plica injury; anterior knee pain. keywords: fat; hoffa; imaging; infrapatellar; ipp; knee; pdfs; plica cache: sajr-1973.htm plain text: sajr-1973.txt item: #432 of 946 id: sajr-1978 author: None title: sajr-1978 date: None words: 2170 flesch: 41 summary: Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma has a slight female predominance (1.2:1) and a wide patient age range for disease presentation, although it most often presents in the fifth decade of life.2 The World Health Organisation classification of haematopoietic and lymphoid neoplasms includes FDCS in the group of histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms.5 Because of the rarity of dendritic cell sarcoma (DCS), its clinical behaviour and optimal management has not been consolidated. Not always ‘squame’: The rare entity of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the tonsil presenting with cervical nodal metastases. keywords: cape town; cell; follicular; mass; neck; nodal; sarcoma; stellenbosch university cache: sajr-1978.htm plain text: sajr-1978.txt item: #433 of 946 id: sajr-1979 author: None title: sajr-1979 date: None words: 2458 flesch: 42 summary: A case report of left paraduodenal hernia diagnosed preoperatively and treated laparoscopically. Abstract Introduction Case report Ethical consideration Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Atish Vanmali Jackpersad and Partners Inc., Private Practice, Durban, South Africa Jaynund Maharajh Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, South Africa Mario Haines Jackpersad and Partners Inc., Private Practice, Durban, South Africa Citation Vanmali A, Maharajh J, Haines M. Left paraduodenal hernia: keywords: abdomen; bowel; figure; hernia; left; midgut; pdh cache: sajr-1979.htm plain text: sajr-1979.txt item: #434 of 946 id: sajr-198 author: Ahmed, A; Modi, M; Andronikou, S; Erlank, E title: Speciality corner date: 2006-02-14 words: 3748 flesch: 54 summary: By S Andronikou, A Erlank, M Strachan, G Dekker: Radiology Department, Tygerberg Hospital and University of Stellenbosch In view of your review article on air reduction of intussusception, we would like to comment as follows: No reported study has demonstrated plain radiographs to be as good as sonog- raphy, however, its importance, especially a horizontal beam radiograph, in detecting free air, cannot be overemphasised.1,2 Some characteristic signs include the ‘meniscus’ sign and the ‘target’ sign. keywords: air; andronikou; children; diagnosis; fig; imaging; intussusception; patient; pediatric; radiology; reduction cache: sajr-198.pdf plain text: sajr-198.txt item: #435 of 946 id: sajr-1986 author: None title: sajr-1986 date: None words: 2441 flesch: 37 summary: https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.07.2035 Shojaei E, Yassin Z, Rezahosseini O. Case report cardiac hydatid cyst: A case report. Urgent surgery for cardiac hydatid cyst located in interventricular septum. keywords: africa; cardiac; cyst; department; hydatid; imaging; johannesburg; south cache: sajr-1986.htm plain text: sajr-1986.txt item: #436 of 946 id: sajr-1990 author: None title: sajr-1990 date: None words: 4464 flesch: 47 summary: Renal artery variations were more prevalent on the left than on the right. The variations depicted in Figure 4 will be used in the classification and description of the type of renal artery variation. keywords: arteries; artery; coeliac; population; renal; study; trunk; type; variations cache: sajr-1990.htm plain text: sajr-1990.txt item: #437 of 946 id: sajr-1993 author: None title: sajr-1993 date: None words: 2531 flesch: 43 summary: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-017-1950-8 Chivot C, Rebibo L, Robert B, Regimbeau J-M, Yzet T. Ruptured pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysms associated with celiac stenosis caused by the median arcuate ligament: A poorly known etiology of acute abdominal pain. Pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm secondary to median arcuate ligament syndrome treated with preserving pancreas and reimplantation of the celiac trunk. keywords: abdellah university; artery; ben abdellah; hassan ii; ii university; median; university; university hospital cache: sajr-1993.htm plain text: sajr-1993.txt item: #438 of 946 id: sajr-20 author: Naidoo, J; Henderson, W title: Severe aortic obstruction in Williams-Beuren syndrome date: 2007-01-30 words: 1704 flesch: 41 summary: Williams Beuren syndrome. 5. Sylos C, Pereira AC, Azeka E, Miara N, Mesquita SMF, Ebard M. Arterial hypertension in a child with Williams Beuren syndrome. keywords: aorta; aortic; coarctation; syndrome; williams cache: sajr-20.pdf plain text: sajr-20.txt item: #439 of 946 id: sajr-2001 author: None title: sajr-2001 date: None words: 789 flesch: 49 summary: South African radiologists are fortunate that that the congress organising committee was able to persuade Prof. Barkovich to make the long journey to South Africa on two occasions (the first and third SASPI-RSSA meetings in 2012 and 2020, respectively). In honour of the extraordinary career of Prof. A. James Barkovich. keywords: barkovich; radiology; south cache: sajr-2001.htm plain text: sajr-2001.txt item: #440 of 946 id: sajr-2009 author: None title: sajr-2009 date: None words: 5643 flesch: 52 summary: Mitsui et al.5 in a later study found a strong correlation between both types of volumes and MAG3-measured SRF (r = 0.921 for renal cortical volume; r = 0.942 for renal parenchymal volume) using an automated volume analyser software for CT renal volumetry (SYNAPSE VINCENT version 4, FUJIFILM, Tokyo, Japan). Using renal volume and attenuation, SRF was determined and compared with results obtained at DTPA imaging. keywords: donors; function; kidney; renal; right; sciences; split; srf; study; volume cache: sajr-2009.htm plain text: sajr-2009.txt item: #441 of 946 id: sajr-201 author: None title: SAJR 840 date: None words: 499 flesch: 42 summary: SAJR 840 EDITORIAL Onwards and upwards The endeavors of my predecessor, Professor Jan Lotz, a committed visionary who served the South African Journal of Radiology (SAJR) in a permanent capacity for 5 years (2008 - 2012), are gratefully acknowledged. Under his stewardship, the SAJR benefited from a consistent editorial policy. keywords: journal; sajr cache: sajr-201.htm plain text: sajr-201.txt item: #442 of 946 id: sajr-2010 author: None title: sajr-2010 date: None words: 3947 flesch: 46 summary: Keywords: foetal MRI; ultrafast foetal MRI; in-utero ultrasound; antenatal sonar; comparison; congenital anomalies. Methods: Eighty-eight pregnant women in their late second/third trimester who underwent both an ultrasound (US) at the foetomaternal unit and foetal MRI at the Radiology Department from 01 July 2013 to 30 September 2019 were included in this clinical study conducted at Steve Biko Academic Hospital. keywords: findings; imaging; mri; patients; pregnancy; pretoria; study; termination; ultrasound cache: sajr-2010.htm plain text: sajr-2010.txt item: #443 of 946 id: sajr-2014 author: None title: sajr-2014 date: None words: 3218 flesch: 44 summary: The success, effectiveness and safety of percutaneous pelvic needle aspiration or biopsy are dependent on a thorough understanding of the cross-sectional anatomy of the pelvis.4,5,6,7,8,9,10 Both sonography and computed tomographic (CT) allow direct simultaneous visualisation of the pelvic structures and pathology. However, deep pelvic lesions pose a challenge for interventional radiologists as the overlying bowel, bladder, vessels, bones and uterus, and adnexa in female patients often preclude safe access.1 Organ displacement techniques, such as hydro-dissection, may provide ‘windows’ to safely access lesions that are blocked by overlying structures.2,3 Fine needle aspiration is sufficient for evaluating infected collections and usually requires a small calibre needle. keywords: approach; collection; lesions; needle; pelvic; percutaneous; sciences; technique; trans cache: sajr-2014.htm plain text: sajr-2014.txt item: #444 of 946 id: sajr-2016 author: None title: sajr-2016 date: None words: 2410 flesch: 38 summary: Furthermore, the generation of superoxide radicals leading to myelin oedema and vacuolation is thought to be contributory.22 Other proposed mechanisms include focal ischaemia and the possible role of mitochondrial dysfunction.23 Most patients with metronidazole-induced encephalopathy present with cerebellar signs, the most frequent being dysarthria, gait instability and ataxia.19 Patients may less commonly present with changes in mental state, vertigo, dizziness, seizures and lateralising signs.19,20 Other conditions such as Wernicke’s encephalopathy, toxic encephalopathies, other drug encephalopathies, enteroviral encephalomyelitis, hepatic encephalopathy and some leukodystrophies should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Antimicrobial agents used in the management of hepatic encephalopathy include metronidazole, neomycin, vancomycin, paromomycin and rifaximin.11 Metronidazole has been shown to be equally efficacious to neomycin in small studies2 and a newer study has shown comparable efficacy to rifaximin in acute hepatic encephalopathy.4 keywords: department; diffusion; faculty; hepatic; imaging; johannesburg; metronidazole; patients cache: sajr-2016.htm plain text: sajr-2016.txt item: #445 of 946 id: sajr-2022 author: None title: sajr-2022 date: None words: 6859 flesch: 44 summary: References Guelfguat M, Kaplinskiy V, Reddy SH, DiPoce J. Clinical guidelines for imaging and reporting ingested foreign bodies. 1990;211(04):459–462. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-199004000-00012 Coulier B, Tancredi MH, Ramboux A. Spiral CT and multidetector-row CT diagnosis of perforation of the small intestine caused by ingested foreign bodies. keywords: bezoar; bodies; body; bone; bowel; complications; dentures; figure; fish; food; gastric; images; imaging; impaction; ingestion; neck; oesophageal; patients; tomography cache: sajr-2022.htm plain text: sajr-2022.txt item: #446 of 946 id: sajr-2026 author: None title: sajr-2026 date: None words: 3767 flesch: 34 summary: The silent pandemic in South Africa: Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis from head to heel. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v25i1.2026 Pictorial Review The silent pandemic in South Africa: Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis from head to heel Camilla E. Le Roux, Sucari S.C. Vlok Received: 16 Oct. 2020; Accepted: 10 Feb. 2021; Published: 16 Apr. 2021 Copyright: © 2021. keywords: arrow; figure; imaging; immunodeficiency; involvement; line; pulmonary; tuberculosis; virus; white; year cache: sajr-2026.htm plain text: sajr-2026.txt item: #447 of 946 id: sajr-2027 author: None title: sajr-2027 date: None words: 6453 flesch: 45 summary: https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0000000000000927 Kramer RE, Lerner DG, Lin T, et al. Management of ingested foreign bodies in children: A clinical report of the NASPGHAN Endoscopy Committee. et al. Management of ingested foreign bodies and food impactions. keywords: aspiration; bodies; body; children; coin; complications; fba; fbs; figure; imaging; ingestion; management; oesophagus; paediatric; patients; radiographs cache: sajr-2027.htm plain text: sajr-2027.txt item: #448 of 946 id: sajr-2030 author: None title: sajr-2030 date: None words: 2242 flesch: 37 summary: Discussion Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis is an idiopathic inflammatory disease, mostly prevalent in children and adolescents, that results in episodic bone pain.3,4,5,6 It is an uncommon condition with an estimated prevalence of one in a million.6 Interestingly, for some unknown reasons, literature indicates that up to 85% of the affected are females.6 Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis is also known as chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis as no pathogens grow on blood culture and antibiotics do not relieve the symptoms.6,7 Abstract Introduction Case report Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Pankaj Nepal Department of Radiology, Faculty of Sciences, St. Vincent’s Medical Center, Bridgeport, United States of America Syed I. Alam Department of clinical imaging, Faculty of Sciences, Hamad medical corporation, Doha, Qatar Sadia Sajid Department of clinical imaging, Faculty of Sciences, Hamad medical corporation, Doha, Qatar Joshua Sapire Department of Radiology, Faculty of Sciences, St. Vincent’s Medical Center, Bridgeport, United States of America Vijayanadh Ojili Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America Citation Nepal P, Alam SI, Sajid S, Sapire J, Ojili V. Rare presentation of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis of the Iliac wing mimicking Ewing’s sarcoma. keywords: bone; chronic; diagnosis; iliac; imaging; involvement; osteomyelitis; recurrent cache: sajr-2030.htm plain text: sajr-2030.txt item: #449 of 946 id: sajr-2034 author: None title: sajr-2034 date: None words: 3598 flesch: 40 summary: Management and outcome In view of persistent haematuria, the patient was transferred to the Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA) suite for emergency endovascular embolisation of the ruptured left renal AML, after obtaining informed consent. Renal AML is the most common benign renal tumour with a prevalence rate of about 0.3% – 3% worldwide.5 Approximately 20% of patients with renal AML are diagnosed with TSC, and conversely, 55% – 75% of patients with TSC have renal AMLs.2 As the nomenclature suggests, AML is composed of dysmorphic, tortuous vascular tissue with smooth muscle and fat components. keywords: aml; angiomyolipoma; complex; embolisation; figure; left; management; renal; sclerosis; tsc; tuberous cache: sajr-2034.htm plain text: sajr-2034.txt item: #450 of 946 id: sajr-204 author: None title: SAJR 734 date: None words: 1629 flesch: 55 summary: Agenesis of the dorsal mesentery without jejunoileal atresia (apple peel small bowel). Agenesis of the dorsal mesentery without jejunoileal atresia (apple peel small bowel). keywords: atresia; bowel; mesentery cache: sajr-204.htm plain text: sajr-204.txt item: #451 of 946 id: sajr-2042 author: None title: sajr-2042 date: None words: 5017 flesch: 43 summary: Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535415/ Borja MJ, Plaza MJ, Altman N, Saigal G. Conventional and advanced MRI features of paediatric intracranial tumours: Supratentorial tumours. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.12.9724 Plaza MJ, Borja MJ, Altman N, Saigal G. Conventional and advanced MRI features of paediatric intracranial tumours: Posterior fossa and suprasellar tumours. keywords: brain; compartment; cystic; enhancement; features; hyperintense; imaging; intracranial; masses; mri; paediatric; post; study; tumours cache: sajr-2042.htm plain text: sajr-2042.txt item: #452 of 946 id: sajr-2044 author: None title: sajr-2044 date: None words: 3056 flesch: 46 summary: Abstract Introduction Case presentations Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Richard Edwards Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Radiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Nausheen Khan Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Imaging, Faculty of Radiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Citation Edwards R, Khan N. Traumatic aortic injury: Computed tomography angiography imaging and findings revisited in patients surviving major thoracic aorta injuries. Keywords: TAI; traumatic aortic injury; computed tomography angiography; major chest trauma; thoracic aortic injuries. keywords: angiography; aortic; arrow; chest; figure; injuries; injury; thoracic; tomography; traumatic cache: sajr-2044.htm plain text: sajr-2044.txt item: #453 of 946 id: sajr-2045 author: None title: sajr-2045 date: None words: 799 flesch: 44 summary: Although certain areas in radiology have already dichotomised, such as paediatric radiology, musculoskeletal radiology and mammography, on the whole, radiology in South Africa is still dominated by general radiologists. By working together, this will ensure that we expand our intellectual environment, provide the best opinions for our patients and practice safe radiology. keywords: learning; radiology cache: sajr-2045.htm plain text: sajr-2045.txt item: #454 of 946 id: sajr-2048 author: None title: sajr-2048 date: None words: 2548 flesch: 42 summary: Three types of inguinal hernias of the urinary bladder have been described with regard to their relation to the peritoneum: (1) paraperitoneal hernia, in which the bladder remains extraperitoneal and medial to the peritoneal reflection, (2) intraperitoneal hernia, in which the bladder is completely covered by the peritoneum, and (3) extraperitoneal hernia, in which the peritoneum remains in the abdomen and the bladder alone herniates.5 Risk factors for inguinal bladder hernia include male gender, advanced age, chronic urinary obstruction and obesity.2 The majority of patients with inguinal bladder hernia remain asymptomatic, thus making clinical diagnosis challenging, and dependent upon imaging findings. keywords: bladder; carcinoma; case; cell; hernia; imaging; inguinal; urinary cache: sajr-2048.htm plain text: sajr-2048.txt item: #455 of 946 id: sajr-2049 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to Reviewers date: 2020-12-22 words: 473 flesch: 36 summary: The editorial team of the SA Journal of Radiology recognises the value and importance of peer reviewers in the overall publication process – not only in shaping individual manuscripts, but also in shaping the credibility and reputation of our journal. http://www.sajr.org.za Open Access Page 1 of 1 Reviewer Acknowledgement Acknowledgement to reviewers In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the SA Journal of Radiology, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https:// sajr.org.za for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. keywords: journal; radiology; reviewers cache: sajr-2049.pdf plain text: sajr-2049.txt item: #456 of 946 id: sajr-205 author: None title: SAJR 760 date: None words: 1159 flesch: 42 summary: A diagnosis of gastric bezoar was made. As the bezoar enlarges, it causes compression and mechanical irritation of the intestinal mucosa, leading to complications such as chronic inflammation, ulceration, perforation, intussusception and obstruction.1 Intramural pneumatosis and emphysematous gastritis have been reported in association with gastric bezoars. keywords: bezoars; gastric; trichobezoar cache: sajr-205.htm plain text: sajr-205.txt item: #457 of 946 id: sajr-2053 author: None title: sajr-2053 date: None words: 2327 flesch: 42 summary: Paediatric prostatic abscess is an uncommon condition and continues to remain a difficult clinical diagnosis to consider. Chemotherapy, organ transplant or previous genitourinary procedures also present a higher risk of prostatic abscess.3 Two mechanisms for the pathogenesis of prostatic abscess have been described. keywords: abscess; bladder; case; diagnosis; paediatric; prostate; prostatic; symptoms cache: sajr-2053.htm plain text: sajr-2053.txt item: #458 of 946 id: sajr-206 author: None title: SAJR 817 date: None words: 2069 flesch: 52 summary: There are different types of gastric volvulus, with the variant presented in our case being the less commonly encountered mesenteroaxial gastric volvulus. Some of the CT features of gastric volvulus are described, and the usefulness of CT in assisting with the diagnosis is highlighted. keywords: arrow; diagnosis; gastric; volvulus cache: sajr-206.htm plain text: sajr-206.txt item: #459 of 946 id: sajr-2061 author: None title: sajr-2061 date: None words: 3396 flesch: 46 summary: Keywords: MRI; chemical shift imaging; musculoskeletal; in-phase imaging; opposed-phase imaging; bone marrow. These sequences include frequency-selective fat saturation techniques, inversion recovery, hybrid technique, chemical shift imaging (CSI) and the related Dixon-based approach.1 Different techniques have their advantages and disadvantages, which make them suitable in various settings for different protocols and varying magnet strengths. keywords: chemical; fat; images; imaging; marrow; phase; shift; signal cache: sajr-2061.htm plain text: sajr-2061.txt item: #460 of 946 id: sajr-2062 author: None title: sajr-2062 date: None words: 4777 flesch: 47 summary: The intention of this article is to address challenges of interpretation and reporting of prostate lesions in daily practice. Background Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the prostate has an important role in the diagnostic work-up and staging of patients with suspected prostate cancer.1 Prostate imaging and interpretation up until 2019 was based on Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADS v2) which provided clinical guidelines for mpMRI of the prostate. keywords: adc; dwi; imaging; lesion; prostate; rads; reporting; score; system; v2.1; zone cache: sajr-2062.htm plain text: sajr-2062.txt item: #461 of 946 id: sajr-207 author: None title: SAJR 771 date: None words: 695 flesch: 42 summary: Horseshoe kidneys are frequently complicated by obstruction, infection and calculus formation, and have an increased risk of renal malignancy development, especially Wilms’ tumour. XGPN displays neoplasm-like properties capable of local tissue invasion and destruction, and is occasionally referred to as a pseudotumour.2 Most cases occur in the setting of infected obstruction owing to renal calculi. keywords: kidney; pyelonephritis; xanthogranulomatous cache: sajr-207.htm plain text: sajr-207.txt item: #462 of 946 id: sajr-2072 author: None title: sajr-2072 date: None words: 4926 flesch: 46 summary: This manuscript describes our early experience with MRE for the assessment of the presence and staging of liver fibrosis on a 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the MRE physics, procedure, interpretation and drawbacks, along with a few recommendations as per our experience. Keywords: magnetic resonance elastography; liver fibrosis; 3T; cirrhosis; stiffness; liver stiffness measurement; chronic liver disease; non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. keywords: elastography; fibrosis; images; liver; lsm; mre; patients; resonance; stage; stiffness; waves cache: sajr-2072.htm plain text: sajr-2072.txt item: #463 of 946 id: sajr-2078 author: Office, Editorial title: Table of Contents Vol 24, No 1 (2020) date: 2020-12-23 words: 1384 flesch: -27 summary: | 13 July 2020 122 127 133 141 145 Case Report Hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma: An uncommon but important paediatric diagnosis Sheree C. Gray, Jacobus A. Pienaar, Zelia Sofianos, Jacob Varghese, Ilonka Warnich South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 24, No 1 | a1891 | 27 July 2020 Case Study Herniation of the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes into the canal of Nuck in a 4-month-old child: A rare entity Dharmendra Kumar, Saurabh Maheshwari, Uddandam Rajesh, Darshan Grewal, Vibhuti Maria South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 24, No 1 | a1935 | 04 November 2020 Pictorial Review A pictorial review of the pathophysiology and classification of the magnetic resonance imaging patterns of perinatal term hypoxic ischemic brain injury – What the radiologist needs to know… Shalendra K. Misser, Anthony J. Barkovich, Jan W. Lotz, Moherndran Archary South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 24, No 1 | a1915 | 30 October 2020 Reviewer Acknowledgement South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 24, No 1 | a2049 | 22 December 2020 149 154 158 175 SAJR 24-1_2020_Contents.indd http://www.sajr.org.za Open Access Table of Contents Original Research The efficacy of pineapple juice as a negative oral contrast agent in magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography Sheryl Mohabir, Richard D. Pitcher, Rubeshan Perumal, Matthew D.M. Goodier South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 24, No 1 | a1875 | 29 July 2020 Original Research Recovery of oculomotor nerve palsy after endovascular management of posterior communicating artery aneurysms Elkharbash Abdurahman, Khatija Amod, Duncan Royston, Rohen Harrichandparsad South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 24, No 1 | a1887 | 31 August 2020 Original Research Breast imaging at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital: A clinically relevant audit Ilonka Warnich, Ilana M. Viljoen, Marianne Kuehnast South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 24, No 1 | a1921 | 15 October 2020 Original Research The Cinderellas of the scanner: Magnetic resonance imaging ‘pre-scan’ and ‘post-scan’ times: Their determinants and impact on patient throughput Marthinus B. van Rooyen, Richard D. Pitcher South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 24, No 1 | a1946 | 01 December 2020 Original Research Diagnostic role of shear wave elastography for differentiating benign and malignant breast masses Nichanametla Sravani, Ananthakrishnan Ramesh, Sathasivam Sureshkumar, Chellappa Vijayakumar, K.M. Abdulbasith, Gopal Balasubramanian, Pampa Ch Toi South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 24, No 1 | a1999 | 21 December 2020 Case Report Incidental amniocele in a case of antepartum haemorrhage Sheree C. Gray, Jacobus A. Pienaar, Zelia Sofianos, Jacob Varghese, Ilonka Warnich South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 24, No 1 | a1817 | 06 keywords: african; african journal; case; journal; radiology |; report; research; south; | vol cache: sajr-2078.pdf plain text: sajr-2078.txt item: #464 of 946 id: sajr-208 author: None title: SAJR - 747 date: None words: 2668 flesch: 44 summary: Phase-contrast MR imaging (PC-MRI) is a rapid, simple and non-invasive technique that is sensitive to CSF flow. Comparison of CSF flow patterns between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, those with or without syringomyelia, and those with syringomyelia but with or without tonsillar herniation, is possible.4 PC-MRI is able to confirm aqueductal stenosis suspected on morphological sequences and is sensitive even to slow CSF flows at the aqueductal level.1 Efforts to visualise the patency of a third ventriculostomy begin with the detection of a flow void in the floor of the third ventricle on T2-weighted MR images and later confirmation with the use of cine 2-dimensional (2D) phase-contrast (PC) MR images.5 Patency on cine PC MR images correlates well with clinical prognosis, but whether patency as perceived on MR images represents actual anatomic patency has never been proved.5 Figs 1(a - e) (structural sagittal MRI imaging of CSF flow) follow below. keywords: csf; flow; foramen; imaging; magnum cache: sajr-208.htm plain text: sajr-208.txt item: #465 of 946 id: sajr-209 author: None title: SAJR 790 date: None words: 2536 flesch: 55 summary: Corresponding author: P Barnardt (pieterb@sun.ac.za) Primary bone tumours account for 5% of all adolescent and child cancers. When Ewing’s sarcoma arises in soft tissue rather than bone, it is referred to as extraskeletal Ewing’s sarcoma (ESS). keywords: bone; ewing; fig; sarcoma; tissue; tumour cache: sajr-209.htm plain text: sajr-209.txt item: #466 of 946 id: sajr-21 author: Govind, M; Maharajh, J title: Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system date: 2007-01-30 words: 1414 flesch: 45 summary: We present a case of superficial siderosis presenting with hearing loss and cerebellar signs highlighting the imaging findings. Superficial siderosis of the central nervous system Mayuri Govind, MB ChB, FCRad Diag (SA) Department of Radiology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban J Maharajh, MB ChB, FC Rad Diag (SA), MMed Department of Radiology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, and University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban Figs 1 and 2. MRI - T2W axial images demonstrating hypointense lining along the pial surface of the cerebellum indicative of haemosiderin deposition and brain- stem. keywords: case; haemosiderin; mri; siderosis; surface cache: sajr-21.pdf plain text: sajr-21.txt item: #467 of 946 id: sajr-210 author: None title: SAJR 791 date: None words: 2478 flesch: 49 summary: SAJR 791 Substantive incidental cardiac findings revealed by non-cardiac CT examination of the thorax M Durand, N Paul, A Crean Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada M Durand, MB ChB, FCRad (Diag) N Paul, MD, MRCP, FRCR, FRCRC Joint Division of Medical Imaging and Division of Cardiology, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada A Crean, MD, MRCP, FRCR Corresponding author: M Durand (mirandadurand@gmail.com) Limitations inherent in CT imaging of the thorax left the heart as an ill-defined and largely ignored area. However, significant information can often be gleaned from careful scrutiny of ungated chest CT images, which may then direct further imaging or investigation. keywords: cardiac; coronary; fig; images; imaging; right cache: sajr-210.htm plain text: sajr-210.txt item: #468 of 946 id: sajr-211 author: None title: SAJR 779 date: None words: 711 flesch: 55 summary: None of the cases subsequently revealed any evidence of traumatic brain injury on CTB but they all demonstrated mandibular condyle fractures best appreciated on coronal views. In young children, symptoms of condylar fractures are subtle and may be overlooked.4 Clinical signs and symptoms described for mandibular fractures include haemorrhage from the external auditory meatus.4 One of the 4 patients had haemotympanum on clinical examination, and a CTB was requested to exclude a base of skull fracture, but instead revealed a mandibular condyle fracture as the cause of the haemotympanum. keywords: condyle; fractures; mandibular cache: sajr-211.htm plain text: sajr-211.txt item: #469 of 946 id: sajr-212 author: None title: SAJR 788 date: None words: 880 flesch: 44 summary: Carcinoma arising in urinary bladder diverticula: imaging findings in six patients. Carcinoma arising in urinary bladder diverticula: imaging findings in six patients. keywords: bladder; carcinoma; diverticulum cache: sajr-212.htm plain text: sajr-212.txt item: #470 of 946 id: sajr-2122 author: None title: sajr-2122 date: None words: 1857 flesch: 34 summary: Due to this inflammatory challenge, minor side effects are commonly reported, including cystitis, haematuria, fever, chills and malaise, usually self-limiting within a few hours or days.1 Miliary TB as a manifestation of pulmonary involvement of BCG infection is very rare, and only a very few cases have been reported thus far.1,5,6,7 The presence of underlying immunosuppression, bladder mucosal damage and other patient characteristics are risk factors for disseminated infection.4 Imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis of miliary TB and, as in the present case, CT findings guided the diagnosis, even when microbiological and histopathological evidence of mycobacterial infection were negative.6 In this case, a presumptive diagnosis of disseminated BCG infection was justified by the clinical presentation consistent with active TB, associated with radiological findings consistent with miliary dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and high ferritin levels, commonly reported amongst pulmonary TB patients7; finally, the evidence of mycobacterial genome by PCR confirmed the diagnosis. keywords: bcg; bologna; infection; intravesical; miliary; pulmonary cache: sajr-2122.htm plain text: sajr-2122.txt item: #471 of 946 id: sajr-213 author: None title: SAJR 792 date: None words: 1293 flesch: 47 summary: The main treatment options for symptomatic pseudoaneurysms include ultrasound-guided compression, percutaneous thrombin injection or surgical repair. Percutaneous thrombin injection is a simple, safe and effective technique for managing femoral pseudoaneurysms. keywords: injection; thrombin cache: sajr-213.htm plain text: sajr-213.txt item: #472 of 946 id: sajr-214 author: None title: SAJR 842 date: None words: 1501 flesch: 52 summary: Transition point (broad arrow) with distended afferent duodeno-jejunal limb (*). Frequency and causes The occurrence of afferent loop obstruction depends on length of follow-up, ranging between 0.2% and 20%.4 Where gastric carcinoma was the indication for the initial operation,5 tumour recurrence was noted to outweigh other usual causes such as adhesions, anastomotic ulcers, stenoses, internal hernias in surgically created foraminae (including in the mesentery), twisting foci, or intussusceptions.2 , 6 Clinical presentation The non-specific symptoms classically occur either in the postoperative period or much later e.g. owing to tumour recurrence. Afferent loop obstruction is a specific form of closed loop obstruction with the proximal component being the surgically closed-off duodenal stump (Figs 4 and 5), and the distal/downstream obstruction due to a variety of causes. keywords: afferent; arrow; loop; obstruction cache: sajr-214.htm plain text: sajr-214.txt item: #473 of 946 id: sajr-2146 author: None title: sajr-2146 date: None words: 2373 flesch: 54 summary: Grey matter injury patterns in cerebral palsy: Associations between structural involvement on MRI and clinical outcomes. References References About the Author(s) Bates Alheit Private Radiology, Cape Town, South Africa Citation Alheit B. Letter to the editor: Addressing radiological terminology of basal ganglia and thalamic injury in hypoxic ischaemic injury. keywords: bgt; brain; hypoxic; injury; pattern; profound cache: sajr-2146.htm plain text: sajr-2146.txt item: #474 of 946 id: sajr-215 author: None title: SAJR 842 date: None words: 150 flesch: 68 summary: SAJR 842 Paediatric neuro-imaging S Misser Lake Smit and Partners, Durban S Misser, MB ChB, FCRad (D) SA Corresponding author: S Misser (misser@lakesmit.co.za) A 2-year-old boy presented with microcephaly and developmental delay. Coronal T1 image at level of the third ventricle. keywords: fig cache: sajr-215.htm plain text: sajr-215.txt item: #475 of 946 id: sajr-2150 author: None title: sajr-2150 date: None words: 1756 flesch: 43 summary: Stable or progressive filling defects seen at follow-up CTPA after adequate anticoagulant therapy for PE may favour alternative diagnoses such as PPA.2,5 In the case presented, progressive enlargement of the previous filling defect was observed, with involvement of the dilated right and left pulmonary arteries and main pulmonary trunk and extraluminal extension into the mediastinum, all findings suggestive of pulmonary artery sarcoma. Computed tomography PA revealed progressive enlargement of the previous poorly enhancing lesion, now involving the right and left pulmonary arteries and main pulmonary trunk with extraluminal extension into the mediastinum (Figure 2b). keywords: artery; imaging; ppa cache: sajr-2150.htm plain text: sajr-2150.txt item: #476 of 946 id: sajr-2153 author: None title: sajr-2153 date: None words: 2389 flesch: 45 summary: Maximum intensity projection aids in diagnosing acute appendicitis and mobile caecum: A case report and literature review. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v25i1.2153 Case Report Maximum intensity projection aids in diagnosing acute appendicitis and mobile caecum: A case report and literature review Kakia A.F. Namugenyi, Ferdinand M. Oompie, Kasandji F. Kabambi Received: 18 Mar. 2021; Accepted: 11 May 2021; Published: 28 July 2021 Copyright: © 2021. keywords: appendicitis; appendix; bowel; caecum; case; diagnosis; left; mobile cache: sajr-2153.htm plain text: sajr-2153.txt item: #477 of 946 id: sajr-216 author: None title: SAJR 841 date: None words: 922 flesch: 41 summary: During the course, Proff Anne Osborne and Jay P Heiken were added to this distinguished list, each also receiving a gold Kruger Rand from the RSSA. Professor Heiken (ICIS Secretary and Chair) has collaborated with Professor Leon Janse van Rensburg, RSSA Congress Chairman, for 2 years in bringing a world-class cancer imaging course to our doorstep. A highlight was the oral paper presentations for the RSSA Travel Award of $5 000 that is annually awarded for the best scientific paper by a resident or radiologist less than 5 years qualified. keywords: imaging; ismrm; professor; rssa; usa cache: sajr-216.htm plain text: sajr-216.txt item: #478 of 946 id: sajr-2164 author: None title: sajr-2164 date: None words: 2817 flesch: 41 summary: Further imaging confirmed right pulmonary agenesis, associated with an atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus and tracheo-oesophageal fistula. Keywords: pulmonary underdevelopment; pulmonary agenesis; pulmonary aplasia; pulmonary hypoplasia; congenital disease. keywords: agenesis; case; kelantan; kubang; lung; malaysia; pulmonary; right; sains malaysia; university sains cache: sajr-2164.htm plain text: sajr-2164.txt item: #479 of 946 id: sajr-2168 author: None title: sajr-2168 date: None words: 4717 flesch: 34 summary: internet-accessible case collections are also being used increasingly for radiology subspecialisation training in other European countries with limited access to complex equipment.25 Simulation-based technology and immersive training environment for IR have also been proposed.74,75 A complementary business model of medical subspeciality training that incorporates the private sector has been developed for reproductive medicine in South Africa by Dalmeyer et The pros and cons of radiology subspecialisation had been discussed comprehensively by other authors.9,22,23,24,25,26 This research aims to investigate the current status of radiology subspecialisation training programmes in Africa and to identify the obstacles to the actualisation of this laudable aspiration. keywords: africa; countries; homepage; imaging; internet; interventional; mar; medical; medicine; radiologists; radiology; south; subspecialisation; subspeciality; training; university cache: sajr-2168.htm plain text: sajr-2168.txt item: #480 of 946 id: sajr-217 author: Davis, Razaan title: CPD questionnaire date: 2013-03-05 words: 608 flesch: 50 summary: The article highlights the importance of routinely reviewing the mandibular condyle on computerised tomography brain studies in a trauma setting. Indications for CSF flow studies in children include assessment and functionality of shunt treatment in patients with hydrocephalus, and hydrocephalus associated with achondroplasia. 14. keywords: brain; mri cache: sajr-217.pdf plain text: sajr-217.txt item: #481 of 946 id: sajr-2171 author: None title: sajr-2171 date: None words: 3022 flesch: 40 summary: Keywords: neurocysticercosis; racemose neurocysticercosis; grape-like clusters; hydrocephalus; intraventricular neurocysticercosis. This report describes an unusual location of racemose neurocysticercosis located anterior and inferior to the splenium of the corpus callosum and between the fornixes associated with intraventricular neurocysticercosis in the atrium of the left lateral ventricle and fourth ventricle. keywords: imaging; intraventricular; lesions; neurocysticercosis; racemose; subarachnoid; ventricle cache: sajr-2171.htm plain text: sajr-2171.txt item: #482 of 946 id: sajr-2179 author: None title: sajr-2179 date: None words: 2552 flesch: 38 summary: Childhood undifferentiated embryonal liver sarcoma: Clinical features and immunohistochemistry analysis. Multimodal therapy including liver transplantation for hepatic undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma. keywords: appearance; cystic; figure; imaging; liver; sarcoma; ues; undifferentiated cache: sajr-2179.htm plain text: sajr-2179.txt item: #483 of 946 id: sajr-218 author: Matzdorff, Robert title: The First RSSA/SASPI Paediatric Imaging Congress, Sandton, Johannesburg, 9 – 11 November 2012 date: 2012-10-22 words: 10690 flesch: 39 summary: Assessment of MRI accuracy in predicting operability and tumour stage in Wilms’ tumours (nephroblastomas) when correlated with surgical findings and histopathology T Pillay, T Kilborn, S Cox, K Pillay (Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital) Pre-operative imaging of Wilms’ tumours is critical in determining the timing of surgery, by providing detailed anatomical information to decide on operability and aid in planning a surgical approach. Imaging studies are useful not only for defining the extent of the infection, but also to act as a guide for the clinician as to the correct pathology. keywords: abnormalities; aim; case; chest; children; conclusion; department; diagnosis; disease; features; findings; hiv; hospital; imaging; infection; mri; patients; pretoria; radiation; radiology; results; study; tumour; university cache: sajr-218.pdf plain text: sajr-218.txt item: #484 of 946 id: sajr-2188 author: None title: sajr-2188 date: None words: 4326 flesch: 39 summary: The questionnaire consisted of three sections: (1) demographic information including age, sex, speciality, level of training, involvement in private practice; (2) estimation of radiological study cost and (3) the participant’s desire to learn about imaging costs and any prior education or training related to cost awareness of radiological studies. An open-ended question on why they would want to learn about the cost of radiological studies was also included in the questionnaire. FIGURE 1: Cost estimation component of the questionnaire with radiological costs from which the participants had to select one correct option (the correct options are indicated by X). keywords: africa; awareness; cost; doctors; healthcare; imaging; participants; south; studies; study cache: sajr-2188.htm plain text: sajr-2188.txt item: #485 of 946 id: sajr-22 author: Naidoo, L title: Lipofibromatosis - a case report date: 2007-01-30 words: 1228 flesch: 50 summary: A clinicopathologic study of 45 pediatric soft tissue tumours with an admixture of adipose tissue and fibroblastic elements, and a proposal for classifica- tion as lipofibromatosis. The findings were those of a tumour composed of alternating streaks of mature adipose tissue as well as a fibrous spindle-cell compo- nent consistent with lipofibromatosis. keywords: case; fatty; lipofibromatosis; tissue cache: sajr-22.pdf plain text: sajr-22.txt item: #486 of 946 id: sajr-2200 author: None title: sajr-2200 date: None words: 2241 flesch: 44 summary: Hepatic visceral larva migrans, a resilient entity on imaging: Experience from a tertiary liver center. Hepatic visceral larva migrans of Toxocara canis: CT and sonographic findings. keywords: case; hepatic; larva; lesions; liver; migrans; pseudoaneurysm; visceral cache: sajr-2200.htm plain text: sajr-2200.txt item: #487 of 946 id: sajr-2201 author: None title: sajr-2201 date: None words: 6150 flesch: 42 summary: FIGURE 1: Fluorine-18 FDG PET scans in dementia. Professional society endorsed guidelines on the use of FDG PET-CT in neurodegenerative conditions have also recently been published.10 FDG PET-CT In the context of mild cognitive impairment, FDG PET-CT may be valuable as a baseline investigation to diagnose early AD, FTD, or DLB, principally because of its high negative predictive value.10 keywords: africa; brain; dementia; diagnosis; disorders; evidence; fdg; fdg pet; fdopa; imaging; patients; pet; south; use cache: sajr-2201.htm plain text: sajr-2201.txt item: #488 of 946 id: sajr-221 author: None title: BOARD EXAMS.html date: None words: 1008 flesch: 30 summary: Till now, the dual system in place has caused significant debate and offered examination candidates an alternative route for obtaining a degree acceptable to the Health Professionals Council of South Africa (HPCSA) allowing independent specialist practise. Supporters of the university-based Master of Medicine (MMed) examinations have in the past consistently maintained that the standards of their examinations have been high, and possibly even of a higher standard than the College examinations. keywords: college; examination cache: sajr-221.htm plain text: sajr-221.txt item: #489 of 946 id: sajr-2219 author: None title: sajr-2219 date: None words: 4437 flesch: 49 summary: Abstract Introduction Methods Data capturing Results Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Jacques Badenhorst Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Mark Velleman Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Radiologist, Private Practice, Capital Radiology, Pretoria, South Africa Audrey Jansen van Rensburg Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Tanita Botha Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Nikki van der Walt Orthopaedic Specialist, Private Practice, Unitas Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa Christa Janse van Rensburg Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Citation Badenhorst J, Velleman M, Jansen van Rensburg A, Botha T, Van der Walt N, Janse van Rensburg C. MRI findings in chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm: Using signal intensity ratio as a diagnostic tool. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v25i1.2219 Original Research MRI findings in chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm: Using signal intensity ratio as a diagnostic tool Jacques Badenhorst, Mark Velleman, Audrey Jansen van Rensburg, Tanita Botha, Nikki van der Walt, Christa Janse van Rensburg Received: 21 June 2021; Accepted: 27 July 2021; Published: 06 Oct. 2021 Copyright: © 2021. keywords: cecs; chronic; compartment; control; exercise; exertional; forearm; mri; patients; post; pretoria; study; syndrome cache: sajr-2219.htm plain text: sajr-2219.txt item: #490 of 946 id: sajr-222 author: None title: RADIOLOGICAL FINDINGS.html date: None words: 2210 flesch: 58 summary: The majority of imaging pathology findings reflected lung disease. More detailed and consistent recording of imaging findings is required before stronger conclusions may be drawn regarding the utility of full-body digital imaging of paediatric cases in forensic pathology laboratories. keywords: body; cases; death; findings; imaging; pathology cache: sajr-222.htm plain text: sajr-222.txt item: #491 of 946 id: sajr-223 author: None title: ACALCULOUS.html date: None words: 1220 flesch: 48 summary: In patients with no major systemic illness, an increased incidence of gangrenous cholecystitis (as much as 59%) has been reported, but this is possibly owing to diagnostic uncertainty and delay in performing surgery in this group of patients.4 With prompt and appropriate treatment, the outcome in the group of patents with no underlying systemic illness appears to be similar to patients with calculous cholecystitis.7 Conclusion Although acalculous cholecystitis often occurs in the context of the intensive care unit in patients with major underlying illnesses, it should be recognised that a significant proportion of patients with this condition present as outpatients with no underlying risk factors. Clinical features of acute acalculous cholecystitis. keywords: acute; cholecystitis; gallbladder; patients cache: sajr-223.htm plain text: sajr-223.txt item: #492 of 946 id: sajr-224 author: None title: SPONTANEOUS.html date: None words: 1384 flesch: 44 summary: Surgery for spontaneous CSF leaks has traditionally been performed transcranially. Schuknecht B, Simmen D, Briner HR, Holzmann D. Nontraumatic skull base defects with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea and arachnoid herniation: imaging findings and correlation with endoscopic sinus surgery in 27 patients. keywords: csf; imaging; sinus; sphenoid cache: sajr-224.htm plain text: sajr-224.txt item: #493 of 946 id: sajr-225 author: None title: Tolosa.html date: None words: 1319 flesch: 55 summary: The patient was imaged using carotid angiography, and segmental narrowing of the carotid siphon was seen.1 Hunt et al. described 6 patients with similar clinical findings in 1961, and proposed a low-grade non-specific inflammation of the cavernous sinus and its walls as the cause of the syndrome. There was no luminal narrowing of the intracavernous segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA), and no evidence of cavernous sinus or SOV thrombosis. keywords: hunt; imaging; left; syndrome; tolosa cache: sajr-225.htm plain text: sajr-225.txt item: #494 of 946 id: sajr-2251 author: None title: sajr-2251 date: None words: 4579 flesch: 45 summary: In the last decade, an estimated 1245 imaging investigations per 1000 people were performed in the United States, of which 949 made use of ionising radiation, including 149 CT scans; European Commission countries averaged 505 ionising radiation investigations per 1000 people, including 79 CT scans; OECD countries averaged 144 CT scans per 1000 people.4,13,23 By contrast, an analysis of imaging utilisation in the public healthcare sector of South Africa’s (SA) Western Cape Province (WCP) in 2017 documented 262 radiological examinations per 1000 people, 218 utilising ionising radiation, including 16 CT scans.24 However, little is known about temporal trends in LMIC public-sector imaging utilisation. It is acknowledged that analyses of registered diagnostic imaging equipment in resource-constrained environments provide useful insights into healthcare access and equity.25,26 Trends in imaging utilisation allow appreciation of advances in LMIC healthcare infrastructure, assist in defining population-based norms, guide healthcare planning and policy and potentially serve as a yardstick for sustainable imaging practice. keywords: africa; cape; health; imaging; people; population; public; rural; services; south; utilisation; wcp cache: sajr-2251.htm plain text: sajr-2251.txt item: #495 of 946 id: sajr-2255 author: None title: sajr-2255 date: None words: 1802 flesch: 36 summary: Keywords: pnuemorrhachis; spontaneous pneumomediastinum; epidural air. Epidural air is usually benign, however PR related neurological symptoms have been documented.3 Yaginuma et al. presented two cases of PR associated with pneumomediastinum in young patients.2 keywords: air; emphysema; epidural; pneumomediastinum; pneumorrhachis; traumatic cache: sajr-2255.htm plain text: sajr-2255.txt item: #496 of 946 id: sajr-2256 author: None title: sajr-2256 date: None words: 275 flesch: 35 summary: Note: DOI of original article published: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v23i1.1730 Correction Erratum: Chest radiographs of cardiac devices (Part 1): Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices, cardiac valve prostheses and Amplatzer occluder devices Rishi P. Mathew, Timothy Alexander, Vimal Patel, Gavin Low Published: 17 Nov. 2021 Copyright: Chest radiographs of cardiac devices (Part 1): Cardiovascular implantable electronic devices, cardiac valve prostheses and Amplatzer occluder devices. keywords: devices cache: sajr-2256.htm plain text: sajr-2256.txt item: #497 of 946 id: sajr-2257 author: None title: sajr-2257 date: None words: 5906 flesch: 40 summary: building.16 Certainly, radiology training varies significantly between countries in Africa,32 and teleradiology training and skill building could, with some provisos, be mediated through technology.33,34 Available literature from outside SSA indicates diagnostic imaging reduces mortality and improves the quality of life, is necessary for global health and teleradiology improves specialist access and reduces travel time and cost for patients.35,36,37,38 Given that decision- and policy-makers need local evidence to inform their decisions, and based on the findings of this review, it is recommended that: A small number of well-designed and comprehensive studies be performed in SSA to confirm the utility and cost of mobile teleradiology versus conventional radiology and provide clear evidence-based guidelines for implementing mobile teleradiology programmes. A review of teleradiology in Africa – Towards mobile teleradiology in Nigeria. keywords: access; africa; digital; health; healthcare; image; implementation; internet; mobile; needs; nigeria; papers; study; telemedicine; teleradiology; use; world cache: sajr-2257.htm plain text: sajr-2257.txt item: #498 of 946 id: sajr-226 author: None title: IMAGING.html date: None words: 1959 flesch: 48 summary: The chest CT was done in the arterial phase and showed a hypoplastic right upper lobe bronchus and consequently also a hypoplastic right lung – this explained the mediastinal shift to the right (Fig. 2). 2. Coronal minimum intensity projection (MINIP) showing the hypoplastic right upper lobe bronchus and right lung. keywords: anomalies; drainage; lung; right; syndrome cache: sajr-226.htm plain text: sajr-226.txt item: #499 of 946 id: sajr-2262 author: None title: sajr-2262 date: None words: 4698 flesch: 45 summary: The objectives of the study were: to describe the demographic profile of COVID-19 patients requiring admission during the first and second waves of the pandemic, dated from March 2020 to December 2020; to describe and quantify the imaging spectrum seen on chest radiography in admitted COVID-19 patients with the aid of a data collection tool; to evaluate for the presence of other co-morbidities, specifically HIV and TB on chest radiography; and to correlate the severity of disease, as determined by the Brixia scoring system, to the patients’ prognosis. Features of superimposed infection (generally pleural effusions and lymphadenopathy) have also been described.4 This study aims to retrospectively analyse and quantify chest radiograph findings of confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to a South African isolation hospital, where concomitant pulmonary manifestations of infectious diseases such and HIV and TB may pose an additional diagnostic dilemma. keywords: brixia; chest; covid-19; data; disease; findings; infection; patients; score; severity; study cache: sajr-2262.htm plain text: sajr-2262.txt item: #500 of 946 id: sajr-2268 author: None title: sajr-2268 date: None words: 346 flesch: 38 summary: About the Author(s) Jaanri Brugman Division of Radiodiagnosis, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Gerard de Bruyn Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Komeela Naidoo Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Marc Merven Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Johan Opperman Division of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Leon Janse van Rensburg Division of Radiodiagnosis, Department of Medical Imaging and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa Citation Brugman J, De Bruyn G, Naidoo K, https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v25i1.2268 Note: DOI of original article published: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v24i1.1978 Correction Corrigendum: Not always ‘squame’: The rare entity of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the tonsil presenting with cervical nodal metastases Jaanri Brugman, Gerard de Bruyn, Komeela Naidoo, Marc Merven, Johan Opperman, Leon Janse van Rensburg Published: 01 Dec. 2021 Copyright: © 2021. keywords: health sciences; stellenbosch university cache: sajr-2268.htm plain text: sajr-2268.txt item: #501 of 946 id: sajr-2269 author: None title: sajr-2269 date: None words: 243 flesch: 43 summary: About the Author(s) Isak D. Vorster Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Steve Beningfield Division of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa Citation Vorster ID, Note: DOI of original article published: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v23i1.1720 Correction Corrigendum: Evaluation of self-reported confidence amongst radiology staff in initiating basic life support across hospitals in the Cape Town Metropole West region Isak D. Vorster, Steve Beningfield keywords: cape cache: sajr-2269.htm plain text: sajr-2269.txt item: #502 of 946 id: sajr-227 author: None title: BLEOMYCIN.html date: None words: 1219 flesch: 47 summary: Radiological findings following postsurgical intra tumoural bleomycin injection for cystic craniopharyngioma. Radiological findings following postsurgical intra tumoural bleomycin injection for cystic craniopharyngioma. keywords: bleomycin; craniopharyngioma cache: sajr-227.htm plain text: sajr-227.txt item: #503 of 946 id: sajr-2273 author: None title: sajr-2273 date: None words: 3586 flesch: 47 summary: Thirty per cent of the study population had findings related directly to the presence of PTED, whilst most cases in the study (77.5%) had pulmonary findings unrelated to PTED. Thirty percent of the study population also had associated findings related directly to the presence of PE and 77.5% had pulmonary findings unrelated to PE (Table 4). keywords: cases; ctpa; embolism; figure; findings; hiv; patients; pulmonary; study cache: sajr-2273.htm plain text: sajr-2273.txt item: #504 of 946 id: sajr-228 author: None title: CALCINOSIS.html date: None words: 1373 flesch: 43 summary: The mechanism of this complication is poorly understood, and it is not known why some patients with SLE develop this condition and others do not.3 Calcinosis cutis may involve a localised region, in which case it is referred to as calcinosis cutis circumscripta and, in its more generalised form, as calcinosis cutis universalis. A review of the literature reveals that, up to 2010, only 37 cases were reported in the English-language literature.1 Calcinosis cutis associated with SLE is dystrophic in nature and nearly always localised (calcinosis cutis circumscripta) but may infrequently occur as a generalised form referred to as calcinosis cutis universalis.1 keywords: calcinosis; cutis; sle; tissue cache: sajr-228.htm plain text: sajr-228.txt item: #505 of 946 id: sajr-2280 author: None title: sajr-2280 date: None words: 3345 flesch: 46 summary: A retrospective review of CT pulmonary angiogram confirmed pulmonary emboli in COVID-19 patients admitted to Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town. 2022;26(1), a2280. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2280 Original Research A retrospective review of CT pulmonary angiogram confirmed pulmonary emboli in COVID-19 patients admitted to Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town Petri Ahlers, Mariam Q. Said-Hartley Received: 26 Aug. 2021; Accepted: 13 Oct. 2021; Published: 28 Feb. 2022 Copyright: keywords: covid-19; ctpa; incidence; patients; pneumonia; study cache: sajr-2280.htm plain text: sajr-2280.txt item: #506 of 946 id: sajr-2286 author: None title: sajr-2286 date: None words: 2635 flesch: 39 summary: Keywords: myeloid sarcoma; chronic myeloid leukaemia; blast crises; acute myeloid leukaemia, chloroma. Chloroma most commonly occurs in association with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML); however, it can also be seen in myeloproliferative disorders like polycythaemia vera and chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and in myelodysplastic syndromes.2 keywords: chloroma; diagnosis; images; imaging; leukaemia; myeloid; sarcoma; signal cache: sajr-2286.htm plain text: sajr-2286.txt item: #507 of 946 id: sajr-229 author: None title: THE COPPER.html date: None words: 889 flesch: 45 summary: In children <18 months, the presence of a diffuse copper-beaten pattern on skull radiography, together with narrowing of the basal cisterns and obliteration of the anterior sulci, increases the likelihood of raised intracranial pressure.2 , 4 Of interest, Van Der Meulen et al. concluded that the presence of the copper-beaten skull pattern did not significantly affect long-term intelligence levels.2 However, there appeared to be a negative influence on more subtle areas of development, such as reading, spelling and behaviour.2 These convolutional markings should be differentiated from Lückenschädel (lacunar skull), which is due to mesenchymal dysplasia of calvarial ossification. Consequently, the growing brain exerts a continuous pulsatile pressure on the malleable cranium, producing a gyral pattern evidenced on plain skull X-rays most commonly known as the copper-beaten skull appearance.3 keywords: appearance; copper; skull cache: sajr-229.htm plain text: sajr-229.txt item: #508 of 946 id: sajr-2291 author: None title: sajr-2291 date: None words: 2138 flesch: 41 summary: Sajedi et al. reported that 21.2% cases of cryptogenic stroke had carotid webs, with a fairly uniform distribution of cases with unilateral and bilateral pathology in the study group. In addition, a lesser mean age for stroke was detected in patients with a carotid web (38.3 years) than among those without webs (48.7 years).4 Hu et al. determined a strong association between carotid webs and TIA in patients having no other vascular risk factors. keywords: carotid; dy patil; medical college; patients; patil medical; stroke; wall; webs cache: sajr-2291.htm plain text: sajr-2291.txt item: #509 of 946 id: sajr-2294 author: None title: sajr-2294 date: None words: 5028 flesch: 51 summary: Abnormal CTB findings were also more prevalent in patients with a CSF protein above 0.45 g/L (p = 0.033); CSF lymphocytosis was significantly associated with abnormal CTB findings (p = 0.004). Clinical factors associated with abnormal CTB findings were age ≥ 40 years, HIV infection, hypertension, focal seizures, low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), raised cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein and presence of lymphocytes. keywords: age; cases; ctb; findings; hiv; onset; onset seizures; pathology; patients; seizures; study; years cache: sajr-2294.htm plain text: sajr-2294.txt item: #510 of 946 id: sajr-23 author: du Plessis, A; Georgiou, E; Andronikou, S title: Choledochal cysts - an unusual cause of jaundice in adults date: 2007-01-30 words: 1175 flesch: 53 summary: Conclusions: The complete resection of choledochal cysts is mandatory because of risk of malignant transformation. It is also associated with hepatic fibrosis.2-4 The aetiology of choledochal cysts remains unproven but an anoma- lous pancreaticobiliary junction has been reported in choledochal cyst disease. keywords: biliary; choledochal; cysts; type cache: sajr-23.pdf plain text: sajr-23.txt item: #511 of 946 id: sajr-230 author: None title: MANDIBULOFACIAL.html date: None words: 453 flesch: 47 summary: Two cases of children with Treacher Collins syndrome (mandibulofacial dysostosis) are presented, to illustrate the features of the syndrome. It is named after the British ophthalmologist Edward Treacher Collins (1862 - 1932) who described the essential traits in 1900.1 keywords: november; syndrome cache: sajr-230.htm plain text: sajr-230.txt item: #512 of 946 id: sajr-231 author: None title: FETAL MRI.html date: None words: 1542 flesch: 51 summary: At this late stage of pregnancy, the sensitivity of US decreases owing to ossification of the cranium and the relative size of the fetus compared with the volume of liquor, making fetal MRI more valuable. Fetal MRI (Fig. 1) confirmed the Dandy-Walker malformation on the basis of an absent vermis, cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle, an enlarged posterior fossa, upward displacement of the torcula and splayed hypoplastic cerebellar hemispheres.1 There was no hydrocephalus, corpus callosum agenesis, a normal pontine bulge, no intracranial cysts or spinal abnormalities. keywords: antenatal; fossa; mri; prenatal cache: sajr-231.htm plain text: sajr-231.txt item: #513 of 946 id: sajr-232 author: None title: PARANASAL.html date: None words: 495 flesch: 59 summary: Pneumatised anterior clinoid process (star). Fig. 8. The bulla ethmoidalis is a prominent anterior ethmoid air cell (Fig. 3). keywords: cells; fig cache: sajr-232.htm plain text: sajr-232.txt item: #514 of 946 id: sajr-2321 author: None title: sajr-2321 date: None words: 3295 flesch: 55 summary: Concurrent cranial and cervical spine injuries by associated injury mechanisms in traumatic brain injury patients. Traumatic brain injury patients with GCS scores of 8 or less were at a higher risk of spine injuries.18 keywords: brain; injuries; injury; patients; risk; spine; spine injury; study; tbi; trauma cache: sajr-2321.htm plain text: sajr-2321.txt item: #515 of 946 id: sajr-233 author: parashari, umesh chandra; khanduri, sachin; bhadury, samarjit; rawat, sugandha title: Roentgenographic diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis with particular reference to Morquio syndrome date: 2012-02-07 words: 1704 flesch: 51 summary: The incidence of MPS IV (Morquio-Brailsford syndrome, more commonly known as Morquio syndrome) varies with geographic location – about 1 in every 75 000 births in Northern Ireland for Morquio syndrome type A, for example. Patients with Morquio syndrome usually can be clinically distinguished from patients with other forms of MPS in that their intelligence is unimpaired, in contrast with other forms of MPS. keywords: fig; morquio; mps; syndrome; type cache: sajr-233.pdf plain text: sajr-233.txt item: #516 of 946 id: sajr-234 author: None title: RADIOACTIVE NEWS2.html date: None words: 670 flesch: 40 summary: RADIOACTIVE NEWS2.html Report on the Introduction to Research for International Young Academics (IRIYA) Seminar, 27 Nov. - 1 Dec. 2011, RSNA Scientific Assembly & Annual Meeting, McCormick Place, Chicago Vicci du Plessis (Grey’s Hospital, Pietermaritzburg) Chicago! My Chicago experience started off with an order of ‘deep-dish pizza’ from Pizzeria Due (the spillover restaurant of the original Pizzeria Uno where this authentic Chicago-style pizza has been served since 1943). keywords: chicago; iriya; rsna cache: sajr-234.htm plain text: sajr-234.txt item: #517 of 946 id: sajr-2344 author: None title: sajr-2344 date: None words: 2338 flesch: 43 summary: Imaging demonstrated left temporal subpial haemorrhage with the classic ‘yin-yang sign’ on MRI. Factor XIII deficiency in a neonate presenting as subpial haemorrhage. keywords: case; figure; haemorrhage; imaging; intraparenchymal; seizures; subpial cache: sajr-2344.htm plain text: sajr-2344.txt item: #518 of 946 id: sajr-2347 author: None title: sajr-2347 date: None words: 269 flesch: 46 summary: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2347 Note: DOI of original article published: https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v25i1.2168 Correction Corrigendum: Radiology subspecialisation in Africa: A review of the current status Efosa P. Iyawe, Bukunmi M. Idowu, Olasubomi J. Omoleye Published: 30 June 2022 Copyright: About the Author(s) Efosa P. Iyawe College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria Bukunmi M. Idowu Department of Radiology, Union Diagnostics and Clinical Services PLC, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria Olasubomi J. Omoleye Department of General Medicine, LouisMed Hospital and Fertility Centre, Lekki Phase 1, Lagos State, Nigeria Citation Iyawe EP, Idowu BM, Omoleye OJ. keywords: idowu; radiology cache: sajr-2347.htm plain text: sajr-2347.txt item: #519 of 946 id: sajr-235 author: None title: RADIOACTIVE NEWS2.html date: None words: 558 flesch: 28 summary: Particularly relevant lectures included Opportunities in Translational Research and Quantitative Imaging by Professor K Macura; Research Opportunities in Informatics by Dr N Safdar; Statistics by A Frangos; and Radiology Research: Deductions from the Literature and How They May Be Applied to Your Research by Professor R Hichwa. The RSNA Grant Programs and Education Resources seminar by F Miller, E Pietrzak and S Walter introduced delegates to the many research grants, opportunities and resources offered by the RSNA to international radiologists. keywords: iriya; research cache: sajr-235.htm plain text: sajr-235.txt item: #520 of 946 id: sajr-2351 author: None title: sajr-2351 date: None words: 2579 flesch: 44 summary: We present a case of a 23-year-old woman who developed acute bilateral hearing loss due to otosyphilis, confirmed on audiometry and laboratory tests. The rising incidence of syphilis in the past two decades1,9 underscores the importance of including otosyphilis as part of the differential diagnosis for acute bilateral hearing loss, regardless of the HIV status. keywords: cape town; faculty; findings; hearing; iac; left; loss; mri; otosyphilis cache: sajr-2351.htm plain text: sajr-2351.txt item: #521 of 946 id: sajr-2356 author: None title: sajr-2356 date: None words: 604 flesch: 47 summary: Similar to matching puzzle pieces, author metrics are aligned with journal metrics and databases. Where do journal metrics fit? keywords: journal; puzzle cache: sajr-2356.htm plain text: sajr-2356.txt item: #522 of 946 id: sajr-236 author: None title: RADIOACTIVE NEWS2.html date: None words: 570 flesch: 44 summary: RADIOACTIVE NEWS2.html NECSA and NTP donate PET-CT scanner to Tygerberg Hospital On 25 November 2011, the Western Cape Health Department, NTP Radioisotopes and its parent company, the South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (NECSA), marked the intermediate phase of installing a R15.6 million positron emission tomography - computed tomography (PET-CT) scanner at Tygerberg Hospital. Mapula Letsoalo, NTP’s Executive Director, pointed out that, of the 9 functioning PET-CT scanners in the country, most are in Gauteng Province, with only one in the Western Cape. The need for an additional PET-CT scanner in the province was imminent as the use of F-18 FDG has grown by 109% in 2009/10 compared to 2008/09 for Tygerberg Hospital alone.’ keywords: pet cache: sajr-236.htm plain text: sajr-236.txt item: #523 of 946 id: sajr-237 author: None title: PAEDIATRIC.html date: None words: 1045 flesch: 54 summary: The three types of right aortic arch. The three types of right aortic arch. keywords: aortic; arch; right; vascular cache: sajr-237.htm plain text: sajr-237.txt item: #524 of 946 id: sajr-2371 author: None title: sajr-2371 date: None words: 2179 flesch: 49 summary: Pituitary sellar spine in a pediatric patient with diabetes insipidus. Sellar spine: A rare Bony variant of the Sella Turcica. keywords: bony; case; dorsum; pituitary; sellar; spine cache: sajr-2371.htm plain text: sajr-2371.txt item: #525 of 946 id: sajr-2376 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2021-12-22 words: 549 flesch: 33 summary: The editorial team of the SA Journal of Radiology recognises the value and importance of peer reviewers in the overall publication process – not only in shaping individual manuscripts, but also in shaping the credibility and reputation of our journal. http://www.sajr.org.za Open Access Page 1 of 1 Reviewer Acknowledgement Acknowledgement to reviewers In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the SA Journal of Radiology, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https:// sajr.org.za for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. keywords: journal; radiology; reviewers cache: sajr-2376.pdf plain text: sajr-2376.txt item: #526 of 946 id: sajr-238 author: None title: MUSCULOSKELETAL.html date: None words: 184 flesch: 72 summary: MUSCULOSKELETAL.html Musculoskeletal imaging of a painful knee S K Misser, MB ChB, FCRad (D) SA Lake Smit and Partners, Durban Corresponding author: S Misser (misser@lakesmit.co.za) Presentation A middle-aged woman presented with acute-on-chronic right knee pain. Please submit your response to Dr Misser at misser@lakesmit.co.za not later than 1 April 2012. keywords: fig cache: sajr-238.htm plain text: sajr-238.txt item: #527 of 946 id: sajr-2382 author: Office, Editorial title: Table of Contents Vol 25, No 1 (2021) date: 2021-12-30 words: 1839 flesch: -24 summary: March 2021 Case Report Prostate abscess in a paediatric patient: A rare diagnosis Atish Vanmali, Mario Haines South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 25, No 1 | a2053 | 25 A modality comparison of in-utero ultrasound and ultrafast foetal magnetic resonance imaging Sunaina Ramdass, Sumaiya Adam, Zarina Lockhat, Andries Masenge, Farhana E. Suleman South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 25, No 1 | a2010 | 19 March 2021 Original Research Correlation of blunt cervical spinal cord injury magnetic resonance imaging tractography with the American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale motor scores Orapeleng Seboco, Fekade Gebremariam, Gina Joubert South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 25, No 1 | a2038 | 01 April 2021 Original Research Preliminary experience with 3T magnetic resonance elastography imaging of the liver Anagha Joshi, Mridula M. Muthe, Vikrant Firke, Harshal Badgujar South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 25, No 1 | a2072 | 12 May 2021 Original Research MRI characteristics of intracranial masses in the paediatric population of KwaZulu-Natal: A neuroimaging-based study Nompumelelo P. Gumede, Sithembiso M. Langa, Basil Enicker South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 25, No 1 | a2042 | 28 May 2021 Original Research Cost awareness of radiological studies among doctors at Universitas Academic Hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa Khanyisa N. Mrwetyana, Jacques Janse van Rensburg, Gina Joubert South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 25, No 1 | a2188 | 20 September 2021 Original Research MRI findings in chronic exertional compartment syndrome of the forearm: Using signal intensity ratio as a diagnostic tool Jacques Badenhorst, Mark Velleman, Audrey Jansen van Rensburg, Tanita Botha, Nikki van der Walt, Christa Janse van Rensburg South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 25, No 1 | a2219 | 06 October 2021 Original Research Trends in public sector radiological usage in the Western Cape Province, South Africa: 2009–2019 Monica van Wijk, Michelle M. Barnard, Amanda Fernandez, Keith Cloete, Matodzi Mukosi, Richard D. Pitcher South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 25, No 1 | a2251 | 30 November 2021 Case Series Imaging of retroperitoneal haemorrhage revealing median arcuate ligament syndrome Younes El Hassani, Meriem Haloua, Badreeddine Alami, Meryem Boubbou, Mustapha Maaroufi, Moulay Youssef Alaoui Lamrani South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 25, No 1 | a1993 | 15 January 2021 59 65 70 78 88 94 101 108 Page i of iii Table of Contents Editorial Journalism – keywords: african; african journal; case; journal; march; radiology |; report; research; review; south; south african; | vol cache: sajr-2382.pdf plain text: sajr-2382.txt item: #528 of 946 id: sajr-2385 author: None title: sajr-2385 date: None words: 2355 flesch: 43 summary: Abstract Introduction Case report Discussion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Sneha Harish C Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India Rashmi Dixit Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India Sapna Singh Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India Anjali Prakash Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India Citation Harish C S, Dixit R, Singh S, Prakash A. Cervical extension of pancreatic pseudocyst: An unusual cause of neck stiffness and dysphagia. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2385 Case Report Cervical extension of pancreatic pseudocyst: An unusual cause of neck stiffness and dysphagia Sneha Harish C, Rashmi Dixit, Sapna Singh, Anjali Prakash Received: 25 Dec. 2021; Accepted: 01 Mar. 2022; Published: 09 May 2022 Copyright: keywords: arrow; case; extension; neck; pancreatitis; patient; pseudocyst; report cache: sajr-2385.htm plain text: sajr-2385.txt item: #529 of 946 id: sajr-2387 author: None title: sajr-2387 date: None words: 2882 flesch: 41 summary: Diagnosing rare intraductal biliary neoplasms – Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: A case report with typical imaging findings. 2022;26(1), a2387. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v26i1.2387 Case Report Diagnosing rare intraductal biliary neoplasms – Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: A case report with typical imaging findings Saumya Pandey, Nitin Agarwal, Vidushi Gupta, Ashok Sharma, Anil Aggarwal, Sunita Gupta, Ram Krishan Received: 27 Dec. 2021; Accepted: 18 Feb. 2022; keywords: ballabh pant; bile; biliary; case; delhi university; govind ballabh; graduate; intraductal; neoplasm; pant institute cache: sajr-2387.htm plain text: sajr-2387.txt item: #530 of 946 id: sajr-2393 author: None title: sajr-2393 date: None words: 2300 flesch: 51 summary: Keywords: giant cell tumour; breast tumour; GCT-ST; breast imaging. Introduction Microscopically, giant cell tumours (GCTs) are diagnosed when an even distribution of multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells (OGCs) are noted surrounded by oval and spindle mononuclear cells.1 keywords: breast; case; cell; gct; mass; pretoria; tumour cache: sajr-2393.htm plain text: sajr-2393.txt item: #531 of 946 id: sajr-24 author: Al-Makhzomi, M; Sathekge, M; Seynaeve, P; Nicolaij, D; Maes, A title: PET/CT-positive brown tumour - a potentially misleading finding in the evaluation of a patient for malignant primary tumour or metastases date: 2007-01-30 words: 1333 flesch: 58 summary: The presence of giant cells has been suggested as partially contrib- uting to the high uptake of FDG in benign bone lesions such as brown tumours.7-9 Another supporting mechanism for the elevated FDG uptake is that macrophages play a central role in the host response to injury, and their energy is predominantly supplied by means of intracellular glucose metabolism.10,11 The PET-CT results were in concordance with the pre-assumption of metastatic bone lesions. keywords: bone; brown; fdg; tumours; uptake cache: sajr-24.pdf plain text: sajr-24.txt item: #532 of 946 id: sajr-2406 author: None title: sajr-2406 date: None words: 2279 flesch: 46 summary: Keywords: tuberous sclerosis complex; renal cell carcinoma; paediatric; neuro-cutaneous; hamartomas. Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are very rare in patients with TSC (1% – 4%) (2). keywords: cape town; carcinoma; cell; complex; lesions; renal; sclerosis; tsc; tuberous cache: sajr-2406.htm plain text: sajr-2406.txt item: #533 of 946 id: sajr-2410 author: None title: sajr-2410 date: None words: 2685 flesch: 41 summary: Subsequent histology confirmed the presence of liver steatosis. A quantitative assessment of the fat in the liver was carried out on the basis of the two-point Dixon method with flexible echo times, followed by a grading of liver steatosis depending on the percentage of fat according to the schema outlined by Kleiner et al.6 keywords: analysis; case; department; diagnosis; disease; fatty; fibrosis; liver; russian; steatosis cache: sajr-2410.htm plain text: sajr-2410.txt item: #534 of 946 id: sajr-242 author: None title: SAJR 884 date: None words: 427 flesch: 40 summary: Twenty Years On: Ernest Boyer, Scholarship and the Scholarship of Teaching. Twenty Years On: Ernest Boyer, Scholarship and the Scholarship of Teaching. keywords: scholarship; teaching cache: sajr-242.htm plain text: sajr-242.txt item: #535 of 946 id: sajr-243 author: None title: SAJR 772 date: None words: 2776 flesch: 57 summary: It is not uncommon for vertebral artery injury to occur when there are fractures through the transverse foraminae of the first to the sixth vertebral bodies. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern and prevalence of vertebral artery injury on CT angiography (CTA) in patients with cervical spine fractures. keywords: artery; cta; fractures; injuries; injury; patients; transverse cache: sajr-243.htm plain text: sajr-243.txt item: #536 of 946 id: sajr-2431 author: None title: sajr-2431 date: None words: 3138 flesch: 38 summary: Ultrasound is a part of the initial radiological evaluation of MD complications. Whilst some authors advocate prophylactic resection because of the risk of complication later in life, others disagree.13 A published study reported a risk score for prophylactic resection of asymptomatic MD, which included risk factors of developing complications such as male gender, age younger than 40, diverticula over 2 cm in diameter, suspected heterotopic tissue, associated meso-diverticular band and wide diverticula with thin walls.14 Conclusion Although MD is the most common gastrointestinal tract anomaly, its preoperative diagnosis is rarely made. keywords: abdomen; bowel; complications; diagnosis; diverticulum; figure; meckel cache: sajr-2431.htm plain text: sajr-2431.txt item: #537 of 946 id: sajr-2437 author: None title: sajr-2437 date: None words: 2187 flesch: 39 summary: In view of the degree of thickening and associated lymphadenopathy, gastric lymphoma was presented as an imaging differential. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, treatment of MALT lymphoma consists of anti-H. Pylori medication, which is initiated as early as possible once the diagnosis is confirmed.9,16 With DLBCL a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy can result in complete remission in up to 90% of cases.16 Conclusion This case demonstrates the usefulness of multimodality imaging and describes the classic imaging findings in the DLBCL type of gastric lymphoma. keywords: figure; gastric; india; india institute; lymphoma; medical sciences; sciences jodhpur; thickening; wall cache: sajr-2437.htm plain text: sajr-2437.txt item: #538 of 946 id: sajr-244 author: None title: SAJR 761 date: None words: 1015 flesch: 33 summary: J Maharajh, MB ChB, FFRad (D) SA, MMed Rad (D) Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal and King Edward VIII Hospital, Durban, South Africa Corresponding author: P Naidoo (pumersh@hotmail.com) Intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunts are rare vascular anomalies that may be detected in asymptomatic patients, given the recent advances in radiological imaging techniques. 1. (a) Axial post contrast CT image demonstrating intrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt between the right portal vein and middle hepatic vein. keywords: portosystemic; shunt; vein; venous cache: sajr-244.htm plain text: sajr-244.txt item: #539 of 946 id: sajr-245 author: None title: SAJR 820a date: None words: 1566 flesch: 50 summary: Tracheal bronchus, also referred to as bronchus suis or pig’s bronchus, is a rare tracheobronchial anomaly in which an ectopic bronchus arises from the lateral wall of the trachea above the carina and supplies the entire upper lobe or a segment of the upper lobe. In the past, tracheal bronchus was diagnosed using bronchoscopy or bronchography. keywords: bronchus; lobe; right; tracheal cache: sajr-245.htm plain text: sajr-245.txt item: #540 of 946 id: sajr-2454 author: None title: sajr-2454 date: None words: 3224 flesch: 38 summary: The study resulted in the safe exclusion of pulmonary emboli, with a 14% reduction in required CT pulmonary angiogram studies.15 The YEARS algorithm has also been adapted for use in pregnancy, with one study showing a 39% reduction in CT pulmonary angiogram utilisation with the safe exclusion of pulmonary thromboembolism.16 Methods This was a cross-sectional study performed at Kalafong Provincial Tertiary Hospital Department of Radiology. The effectiveness of the pregnancy adapted YEARS algorithm to safely identify patients for CT pulmonary angiogram in pregnant and puerperal patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism. keywords: algorithm; angiogram; embolism; patients; pregnancy; pulmonary; study; years cache: sajr-2454.htm plain text: sajr-2454.txt item: #541 of 946 id: sajr-246 author: None title: SAJR 837 date: None words: 1572 flesch: 42 summary: Primary bladder carcinoma has a large intravesical component compared with urachal carcinomas that have a large extra-vesical component and a tendency to spread extraperitoneally into the space of Retzius and the umbilical region.5 Similarly to our reported case, urachal carcinoma can manifest as a mass in the region of the umbilicus. MRI also helps to determine the intravesical extent of tumour.5 On ultrasound, urachal carcinomas appear as cystic lesions with mixed echogenicity or as a solid mass. keywords: bladder; carcinoma; mass; tumour; urachal cache: sajr-246.htm plain text: sajr-246.txt item: #542 of 946 id: sajr-2463 author: None title: sajr-2463 date: None words: 5635 flesch: 43 summary: Abstract Background: Stereotactic breast biopsies have become the gold standard for tissue diagnosis in non-palpable, sonographically occult breast abnormalities seen on mammogram. Method: A retrospective review of stereotactic breast biopsies was performed. keywords: biopsies; biopsy; breast; cancer; category; histology; imaging; lesions; malignancy; patients; rads; risk; stereotactic; study cache: sajr-2463.htm plain text: sajr-2463.txt item: #543 of 946 id: sajr-247 author: None title: SAJR 767 date: None words: 1459 flesch: 49 summary: Although named ‘false achondroplasia’, the entity is a distinct condition in which affected individuals are born with normal length and have a normal facies. As the most common of the SEMD group of disorders, it is estimated to affect 1 in every 20 000 individuals.2 Typically, affected individuals have a normal birth length and no facial dysmorphic features. keywords: features; fig; joints; proband cache: sajr-247.htm plain text: sajr-247.txt item: #544 of 946 id: sajr-248 author: None title: SAJR 704 date: None words: 1264 flesch: 50 summary: We present a case where bronchial artery embolisation had to be augmented by pulmonary artery coil embolisation for a Rasmussen’s aneurysm after recurrent haemoptysis. when substantial.6 Since 1973, the use of bronchial artery embolisation (BAE) has become customary management for recurrent and massive haemoptysis.2 Recurrent haemoptysis occurs in approximately 20% of patients.1 , 7 Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) has established itself as a very useful tool in identifying the precise location of the source of bleeding.8 Additionally, it may assist in identifying signs suggesting that the pulmonary artery is the source of bleeding, such as the presence of a proximal cavity, visualisation of a pulmonary artery bordering a cavity and a Rasmussen aneurysm.8 The present case serves to emphasise the fact that, in cases of recurrent haemoptysis, complicating pulmonary TB, a CT angiogram of the pulmonary vessels should be considered, to exclude aneurysms that might lead to catastrophic haemoptysis. keywords: artery; embolization; haemoptysis; pulmonary cache: sajr-248.htm plain text: sajr-248.txt item: #545 of 946 id: sajr-2480 author: None title: sajr-2480 date: None words: 5939 flesch: 40 summary: Results: The mean size of atypical meningiomas (5.9 cm ± 0.7 cm) was significantly higher (p = 0.038, 95% confidence interval The mean cerebral blood flow (CBF) (ASL) of atypical meningiomas (286.70 ± 8.06) was significantly higher (p = 0.0000141, 95% CI) than that of typical meningiomas (161.09 ± 87.04) with a cut-off value of 276.75 (66.7% sensitivity and 75% specificity). keywords: adc; diffusion; grade; imaging; india; mean; meningiomas; perfusion; study; values cache: sajr-2480.htm plain text: sajr-2480.txt item: #546 of 946 id: sajr-2485 author: None title: sajr-2485 date: None words: 5943 flesch: 42 summary: As ancillary techniques evolve and become easier and more affordable, we are certain that FNAB with cell block material will be able to play a larger and more important role in tumour diagnosis and management. Preparation of FNAB cell blocks allows the identification of some biomarkers, making the use of FNAB even more compelling and a very viable alternative. keywords: accuracy; aspiration; biopsy; cases; diagnosis; fine; fnab; image; imaging; lesions; needle; nephroblastoma; rose; tumour; yield cache: sajr-2485.htm plain text: sajr-2485.txt item: #547 of 946 id: sajr-249 author: None title: SAJR 836 date: None words: 963 flesch: 52 summary: Discussion Primary extradural meningiomas (EDMs) can arise in any tissue without direct extension from an intracranial tumour. Primary intraosseous meningioma of the calvaria: keywords: meningioma; skull cache: sajr-249.htm plain text: sajr-249.txt item: #548 of 946 id: sajr-2493 author: None title: sajr-2493 date: None words: 4110 flesch: 37 summary: Scar endometriosis has also been reported in post-hysterotomy scars, perineal episiotomies, post-Bartholin’s gland excisions, in laparoscopic trocar tracts and even in amniocentesis needle tracts.3 Involvement of the scar in the uterus is an even more rare entity, with limited case reports described in literature.4 With the aim of highlighting the importance of imaging in the assessment of scar endometriosis, four patients are presented, all of whom were provisionally diagnosed with scar endometriosis through a combination of clinical and radiological features with subsequent pathological confirmation. Other differential diagnoses that may be seen in the context of previous surgery and hence merit consideration are tabulated in Table 1. TABLE 1: Differential diagnoses of surgical scar endometriosis. keywords: case; endometriosis; figure; images; imaging; lesion; scar; tissue; wall cache: sajr-2493.htm plain text: sajr-2493.txt item: #549 of 946 id: sajr-2495 author: None title: sajr-2495 date: None words: 4558 flesch: 41 summary: Keywords: interventionalists; interventional radiology; ionising radiation; radiation cataracts; radiation protection. Radiation cataract. keywords: africa; cataracts; exposure; eye; interventionalists; participants; prevalence; radiation; risk; south; study cache: sajr-2495.htm plain text: sajr-2495.txt item: #550 of 946 id: sajr-25 author: Bajwa, A S; Bajwa, A K title: Terry Thomas sign and the ring sign of scapholunate instability date: 2007-01-30 words: 653 flesch: 64 summary: Small bowel faeces sign may also indicate severe metabolic or infectious pathology of the small bowel. Small bowel faeces sign Amarjit Kaur Bajwa, MB BS, FCRad (Diag) SA Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Fig. keywords: bowel; fig; sign cache: sajr-25.pdf plain text: sajr-25.txt item: #551 of 946 id: sajr-250 author: None title: SAJR 889 date: None words: 908 flesch: 50 summary: SAJR 889 Paediatric neuro-imaging: Diagnosis S K Misser , MB ChB, FCRad (D) SA Lake Smit and Partners, Durban, South Africa Corresponding author: S K Misser (misser@lakesmit.co.za) AJNR 2004;25:1034-1036. 5. Kanekar S, Shively A, Kaneda H. Malformations of ventral induction. keywords: holoprosencephaly; hpe; imaging; mih cache: sajr-250.htm plain text: sajr-250.txt item: #552 of 946 id: sajr-2501 author: None title: sajr-2501 date: None words: 2133 flesch: 48 summary: FIGURE 4: Coronal oblique (a), showing a well-defined heterogeneous mass (red arrow) along the course of left gonadal vein causing hydronephrosis and hydroureter. In such cases, the differential would include haemangioma, haemangiopericytoma and angiolipoma.5 Contrast enhanced CT is superior to ultrasound and is the diagnostic test of choice for gonadal vein LMS. keywords: case; gonadal; leiomyosarcoma; lms; mass; retroperitoneal; vein cache: sajr-2501.htm plain text: sajr-2501.txt item: #553 of 946 id: sajr-2509 author: None title: sajr-2509 date: None words: 6733 flesch: 42 summary: This alteration resulted both in the form of hypercoagulability11,14,17 with expressions of a thromboembolic nature (e.g. PTE, DVT), whose mechanism is still necessary to investigate,13 and in the form of haemorrhagic diathesis with depletion of coagulation factors, thrombocytopenia and hyperfibrinolysis.14,18 Among the risk factors for the development of bleeding in COVID-19 patients, contributing causes have been proposed, such as pronation manoeuvres, anticoagulant treatment, obesity, increased vascular fragility determined by the pro-inflammatory state, barotrauma from ventilation by C-PAP and cough with consequent increase in intra-abdominal pressure and arterial In their case report, Nakamura et al. recalled the Lenk triad (haemodynamic shock, palpable mass, severe pain) as a possible manifestation of these haematomas26 while some authors have shown that retroperitoneal haematomas are associated with high mortality and can manifest themselves with haemorrhagic shock and are often underdiagnosed, especially in sedated and intubated patients.11,34,35 Vergori et al. highlighted a higher incidence of retroperitoneal haemorrhages in COVID-19 patients with 7.6 cases/1000 hospitalisations (12.18 cases/1000 hospitalisations in this series) versus 3.8 cases/1000 reported in critically ill non-COVID-19 patients.11,36 keywords: admission; arterial; bleeding; cases; contrast; covid-19; days; et al; haematoma; hospital; patients; phase; treatment cache: sajr-2509.htm plain text: sajr-2509.txt item: #554 of 946 id: sajr-251 author: None title: SAJR 890 date: None words: 302 flesch: 76 summary: Axial ADC map MR image at a slightly inferior level. Coronal FLAIR MR images at the level of the temporal lobes. keywords: fig cache: sajr-251.htm plain text: sajr-251.txt item: #555 of 946 id: sajr-2516 author: None title: sajr-2516 date: None words: 4714 flesch: 46 summary: In case 2, recognition and decision-making errors were made as cervical spine fractures were mistaken for degenerative changes. In a postmortem setting, missed fractures were shown to be partially due to a lack of radiological experience and training.9 keywords: arrow; bone; cases; errors; figure; fractures; interpretation; patient; sciences; spine; trauma cache: sajr-2516.htm plain text: sajr-2516.txt item: #556 of 946 id: sajr-252 author: None title: SAJR 887 date: None words: 1684 flesch: 50 summary: We proudly welcome Professor Jill Jacobs as our fifth esteemed RSSA honorary member, and extend our sincerest gratitude for her commitment and dedication towards South African radiology. Dr Sperryn introduced the audience to South African radiology, comparing radiologist:population ratios with other countries, and introduced the topics of HIV and TB before introducing the speakers. keywords: africa; course; professor; radiology; rssa; south; van cache: sajr-252.htm plain text: sajr-252.txt item: #557 of 946 id: sajr-2520 author: None title: sajr-2520 date: None words: 5057 flesch: 38 summary: Increased number of haemosiderin zones on SWI correlated with older patient age (p = 0.0003). No statistically significant relationship was identified between the number of haemosiderin zones and initial CT modified Fisher score (p = 0.34) or the causative aneurysm location (p = 0.37). keywords: aneurysms; asah; haemorrhage; haemosiderin; imaging; patients; study; subarachnoid; swi; zones cache: sajr-2520.htm plain text: sajr-2520.txt item: #558 of 946 id: sajr-2522 author: None title: sajr-2522 date: None words: 6427 flesch: 48 summary: Radiologists spend long hours in front of multiple light-emitting diode (LED)–based diagnostic monitors emitting blue light, predisposing them to potentially higher blue-light dosages than other health professionals. Objectives: The authors aimed to quantify the blue light that radiology registrars are exposed to in daily viewing of diagnostic monitors and compared this with international occupational safety standards. In addition to this, smartphones, tablets, personal computers and televisions for purposes of communication, referencing, administrative tasks at work, studying and leisure also add a significant component to the total daily screen time.6 An important contributing factor to the unfavourable effect of prolonged screen time is greater exposure to the short wavelength photons at the ultraviolet end of the visible light spectrum or blue light.6 Increased exposure to VDUs and other electronic devices potentially places the radiologist in a higher-risk group to experience negative outcomes related to blue light. keywords: authors; brain; exposure; eye; figure; greyscale; hazard; health; image; light; light radiance; monitors; radiance; radiology; study; time; values; viewing cache: sajr-2522.htm plain text: sajr-2522.txt item: #559 of 946 id: sajr-2528 author: None title: sajr-2528 date: None words: 4273 flesch: 41 summary: Neuroimaging, particularly MRI, is an essential tool for the early assessment and evaluation of dengue fever neurological manifestations. DENV2 and DENV3 are the most implicated in the varied neurologic manifestations of dengue virus infection.3 Dengue-associated encephalopathy and encephalitis, dengue-related immune-mediated syndromes, and ophthalmic neurological disorders are some of the examples of the neurological manifestations of dengue virus infection. keywords: brain; case; dengue; encephalitis; fever; images; imaging; infection; manifestations; mri; neurological; virus cache: sajr-2528.htm plain text: sajr-2528.txt item: #560 of 946 id: sajr-253 author: Chacko, Anith title: CPD questionnaire date: 2013-06-11 words: 599 flesch: 41 summary: Risk factors for vertebral artery injury include facet joint dislocations and fractures of the vertebral bodies of the 1st - 3rd cervical vertebrae. 11. Fractures through/involving the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae have up to 78% incidence of vertebral artery injury. 12. keywords: artery; article cache: sajr-253.pdf plain text: sajr-253.txt item: #561 of 946 id: sajr-2548 author: None title: sajr-2548 date: None words: 2959 flesch: 37 summary: The first case of a primary thyroid teratocarcinosarcoma in a 17-year-old male patient was reported by Abayie et al., implying that teratocarcinosarcomas can occur in primary tissues other than the sinonasal tract.16 Sinonasal tumours usually lack specific CT and MRI features, and the imaging is similar to common malignant sinus tumours such as olfactory neuroblastomas, small cell carcinomas, immature teratomas, carcinosarcomas and adenocarcinomas. An advantage of FDG-PET/CT, however, is that regional and distant metastases can be detected.17 The infrequency, complex phenotypic composition and radiological similarities with other malignant sinonasal tumours often lead to misdiagnoses and management difficulties. keywords: cape town; case; cavity; department; figure; intracranial; malignant; mass; sinonasal; sntcs; teratocarcinosarcoma cache: sajr-2548.htm plain text: sajr-2548.txt item: #562 of 946 id: sajr-2556 author: None title: sajr-2556 date: None words: 2340 flesch: 42 summary: The imaging features of secondary bladder tumours closely resemble primary bladder cancers. Bladder neuroendocrine tumours are less common than the other conventional histological genitourinary variants, namely urothelial carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, constituting only 0.7% – 1% of malignant bladder cancers.5,6 They can present with haematuria and pelvic pain. keywords: bladder; carcinoma; cell; figure; lung; metastases; neuroendocrine; primary; tumour cache: sajr-2556.htm plain text: sajr-2556.txt item: #563 of 946 id: sajr-2559 author: None title: sajr-2559 date: None words: 3747 flesch: 46 summary: Procedures with the widest variation in dose were unilateral nephrostomy (5) for KAP, UAE (3) for Ka,r and PICC (2.3) for FT. Comparison with published diagnostic reference levels Tables 2a–c represent CHBAH LDRLs in comparison to published local and international DRLs. Results Frequency of interventional radiology procedures The total number of IR cases performed during the study period was 564. keywords: angiogram; data; dose; drls; levels; procedures; radiation; radiology; reference; study cache: sajr-2559.htm plain text: sajr-2559.txt item: #564 of 946 id: sajr-256 author: None title: SAJR 794 date: None words: 3824 flesch: 50 summary: Against this background, I report on the activities of the RSSA over the last 12 months. We have received a request from The Association of Radiologists and Radiotherapists of Zimbabwe for member status of the RSSA for their diagnostic radiologists. keywords: association; health; medical; members; radiology; rssa; society; south; work; years cache: sajr-256.htm plain text: sajr-256.txt item: #565 of 946 id: sajr-2564 author: None title: sajr-2564 date: None words: 1563 flesch: 37 summary: Novel, congenital iliac arterial anatomy: Absent common iliac arteries and left internal iliac artery. Bilateral absence of common iliac artery: keywords: aorta; arteries; artery; iliac; left; terminal cache: sajr-2564.htm plain text: sajr-2564.txt item: #566 of 946 id: sajr-257 author: None title: SAJR 652 date: None words: 3589 flesch: 59 summary: In addition, cases in which patients with HIV are receiving antiretroviral therapy can be followed up to determine if the patients regain white matter volume and CC thickness. Future work planned will compare CC thickness, measured using this technique, with brain volume (segmented into white matter and grey matter) in an attempt to use CC thickness as an indicator of white matter volume loss in children with HIV and hypoxic ischaemic injury. Acknowledgements. keywords: brain; callosum; corpus; fibre; midline; white cache: sajr-257.htm plain text: sajr-257.txt item: #567 of 946 id: sajr-2571 author: None title: sajr-2571 date: None words: 609 flesch: 47 summary: Authors are recording videos of themselves delivering their manuscript abstracts and academic journals are even being converted to audible formats. Long gone are the days of the film library and the tedious grind through packets of radiographs, heavy-weighted textbooks and stacks of printed journal articles. keywords: data; patel; radiology cache: sajr-2571.htm plain text: sajr-2571.txt item: #568 of 946 id: sajr-2572 author: None title: sajr-2572 date: None words: 2519 flesch: 46 summary: Precocious puberty in VWGS presents with unique features of delayed bone age as well as short stature, which differs from other causes of precocious puberty where growth acceleration is the criteria as the thyroid hormone causes bone maturation directly through T3 and indirectly through the growth hormone regulation gene.13 Long-standing hypothyroidism leads to thyrotroph hyperplasia leading to pituitary hyperplasia. Classic clinical features of VWGS are precocious puberty, galactorrhoea and cystic ovarian lesions that are remarkably extenuated following thyroxine replacement therapy.1 keywords: figure; grumbach; hypothyroidism; india; puberty; rishikesh; syndrome; van cache: sajr-2572.htm plain text: sajr-2572.txt item: #569 of 946 id: sajr-2575 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2022-12-20 words: 567 flesch: 36 summary: The editorial team of the SA Journal of Radiology recognises the value and importance of peer reviewers in the overall publication process – not only in shaping individual manuscripts, but also in shaping the credibility and reputation of our journal. http://www.sajr.org.za Open Access Page 1 of 1 Reviewer Acknowledgement Acknowledgement to reviewers In an effort to facilitate the selection of appropriate peer reviewers for the SA Journal of Radiology, we ask that you take a moment to update your electronic portfolio on https:// sajr.org.za for our files, allowing us better access to your areas of interest and expertise, in order to match reviewers with submitted manuscripts. keywords: access; journal; reviewers cache: sajr-2575.pdf plain text: sajr-2575.txt item: #570 of 946 id: sajr-2578 author: None title: sajr-2578 date: None words: 4937 flesch: 48 summary: This will require an upgrade to a private cloud-based PACS which is more cost-effective, reliable and secure.13 Off-site access to PACS is a challenge for onsite PACS systems due to security and privacy requirements; therefore, onsite PACS solutions have trouble transmitting secure data outside of their immediate area.14 Contrarily, cloud PACS is designed for offsite access and providers follow stringent security and privacy guidelines.14 Budget constraints, funding, current PACS vendor’s contractual obligations and government decisions may influence the hospitals’ decisions on which PACS system to upgrade to. The most frequent recommendations were: increase PACS access in wards, clinics and bedside with 157 out of 466 (37%), enable PACS access via portable devices with 143 out of 466 (31%), install advanced image viewing software 36 out of 466 (8%), introduce an online booking system integrated with PACS (7%), integrate systems with other hospital PACS or set up a provincial PACS system (5%), increase the number of PACS training workshops and technical support (5%), and offsite access to PACS (4%). keywords: access; archiving; clinicians; data; hospital; image; pacs; picture; radiology; study; system cache: sajr-2578.htm plain text: sajr-2578.txt item: #571 of 946 id: sajr-258 author: None title: SAJR 751 date: None words: 971 flesch: 56 summary: Discussion Less than 3% of salivary gland tumours occur in children.4 The most common salivary gland lesion in childhood is a haemangioma.3 Sialoblastomas are rare, locally aggressive perinatal or congenital salivary gland tumours that occur predominantly in the parotid gland3 and were initially classified as benign.1 , 3 The biological behaviour of this lesion is incompletely defined because of its rarity, and early surgery is recommended.3 In the literature, only 4 cases with lung metastases and 1 case with nodal neck metastases have been reported.5 Surgical resection with negative margins is the mainstay of treatment, with some centres using neoadjuvant chemotherapy.5 This report presents a case of congenital sialoblastoma of the accessory parotid gland. keywords: gland; salivary; sialoblastoma cache: sajr-258.htm plain text: sajr-258.txt item: #572 of 946 id: sajr-2589 author: None title: sajr-2589 date: None words: 2281 flesch: 40 summary: While MRI findings overlap in many of the bacterial and viral aetiologies, the presented case of human parechovirus infection in this report increases radiologists’ awareness of the characteristic MR brain imaging findings, providing a unique opportunity to be able to make a definitive diagnosis in clinically suspected cases of neonatal meningoencephalitis. While MR brain imaging findings overlap in bacterial and viral aetiologies of meningitis, human parechovirus infection displays characteristic findings which can support a definitive diagnosis in clinically suspected cases. keywords: findings; human; matter; mri; msec; parechovirus; time cache: sajr-2589.htm plain text: sajr-2589.txt item: #573 of 946 id: sajr-259 author: None title: SAJR 756 date: None words: 1565 flesch: 51 summary: A clinical scoring system documenting the severity of venous disease is described by Eklöf et al.6 (Fig. 4). Varicose venous disease is a complex entity; careful patient selection and intervention is required for successful and curative management. keywords: mdctv; patients; vein; venography cache: sajr-259.htm plain text: sajr-259.txt item: #574 of 946 id: sajr-2595 author: None title: sajr-2595 date: None words: 5310 flesch: 34 summary: Abstract Introduction Primary solid mesenteric lesions Primary cystic mesenteric lesions Secondary mesenteric lesions Infections Inflammatory bowel disease Role of imaging Management of mesenteric lesions Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Snehal I. Kose Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India Sapna Singh Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India Anju Garg Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India Alpana Manchanda Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India Rajdeep Singh Department of Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India Citation Kose SI, Singh S, Garg A, Manchanda A, Singh R. Ultrasound and computed tomography in the evaluation of mesenteric lesions: A pictorial review. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajr.v27i1.2595 Pictorial Review Ultrasound and computed tomography in the evaluation of mesenteric lesions: A pictorial review Snehal I. Kose, Sapna Singh, Anju Garg, Alpana Manchanda, Rajdeep Singh Received: 22 Nov. 2022; Accepted: 22 Mar. 2023; Published: 24 May 2023 Copyright: © 2023. keywords: arrow; bowel; contrast; cystic; figure; imaging; lesions; mass; mesentery; tissue; tumour; white cache: sajr-2595.htm plain text: sajr-2595.txt item: #575 of 946 id: sajr-26 author: Bajwa, A K title: Small bowel faeces sign date: 2007-01-30 words: 653 flesch: 64 summary: Small bowel faeces sign may also indicate severe metabolic or infectious pathology of the small bowel. Small bowel faeces sign Amarjit Kaur Bajwa, MB BS, FCRad (Diag) SA Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Fig. keywords: bowel; fig; sign cache: sajr-26.pdf plain text: sajr-26.txt item: #576 of 946 id: sajr-260 author: None title: SAJR 725 + 710 date: None words: 892 flesch: 52 summary: The pathological appearances were consistent with rice bodies. Cheung et al. suggested synovial origin with micro-infarction of synovial cells after inflammation and ischaemia,¹ whereas Popert et al. proposed a de novo formation of rice bodies in synovial fluid independently of synovial elements.² Formation of rice bodies has been reported in joints,1 , 2 bursae3-6 and tendon sheaths,5 and are commonly observed in chronic rheumatoid arthritis, seronegative inflammatory arthritis and tuberculous joints.3 Different-shaped rice bodies are described, varying from nodules and teardrops to angular and flake-shaped with variable sizes.4 , 5 On MRI, rice bodies have been described as having iso- or hypo-intense signal intensities relative to skeletal muscle on T1- and T2-weighted images, and the rice bodies were less discernible from the surrounding bursa fluid on T1-weighted image and clearly discernible on T2-weighted image.3-5 Synovial chondromatosis was a differential diagnosis in the above case. keywords: bodies; radiol; rice cache: sajr-260.htm plain text: sajr-260.txt item: #577 of 946 id: sajr-261 author: None title: SAJR 725 + 710 date: None words: 884 flesch: 53 summary: Two fetuses with OI Type IIA are presented.  There are three subtypes of OI type II (A, B and C) that are characterised by different radiological features, and may be caused by different genetic faults.1 Two fetuses with OI Type IIA are presented. keywords: bone; type cache: sajr-261.htm plain text: sajr-261.txt item: #578 of 946 id: sajr-262 author: None title: SAJR 708 date: None words: 929 flesch: 44 summary: Left vertebral artery (white arrows) arising from the aortic arch between the left carotid and the left subclavian arteries was demonstrated in 4 patients. Stent coverage of the left subclavian origin in such procedures results in perfusion of the left subclavian artery by way of the subclavian steal phenomenon from a normally positioned left vertebral artery, as demonstrated in Fig. 4b. keywords: artery; origin; subclavian cache: sajr-262.htm plain text: sajr-262.txt item: #579 of 946 id: sajr-263 author: None title: SAJR 675 date: None words: 1401 flesch: 48 summary: As infants are unable to communicate their symptoms, which may result in delayed detection, they commonly present with the football sign, as opposed to adults, with a 2% incidence of the football sign.6 Other signs of pneumoperitoneum on supine abdominal film include the doge’s cap sign (triangular collection of gas in Morrison’s pouch), large area of hyperlucency over the liver shadow, parahepatic air (gas bubble lateral to the right edge of the liver), air outlining the fissure of ligamentum teres and the cupola sign (gas trapped below central tendon of diaphragm).4 Causes of pneumoperitoneum in neonates and infants While there are numerous causes of pneumoperitoneum, gastric perforation is more likely to result in the football sign than small bowel perforation, because gastric perforations are usually associated with release of a larger amount of free air.6 However, small bowel perforation owing to necrotising enterocolitis is a far more common cause of perforation in South African clinical practice. Signs of pneumoperitoneum Rigler’s sign was first described in 1941 by L G Rigler as a new radiological sign for recognising free air in the peritoneal cavity on supine radiograph.1 Normally, the mucosal surface of the bowel wall is seen as it is lined by intraluminal gas. keywords: football; pneumoperitoneum; rigler; sign cache: sajr-263.htm plain text: sajr-263.txt item: #580 of 946 id: sajr-2630 author: Office, Editorial title: Table of Contents Vol 26, No 1 (2022) date: 2022-12-31 words: 1691 flesch: -113 summary: ISSN: 1027-202X (print)  |  ISSN: 2078-6778 (online)South African Journal of Radiology http://www.sajr.org.za Open Access Table of Contents Original Research Radiation induced cataracts in interventionalists occupationally  exposed to ionising radiation André Rose, William I.D. Rae, Margaret A. Sweetlove, Lumko Ngetu, Mohamed A. Benadjaoud, Wayne Marais South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2495 | 30 September 2022 Original Research Differentiation between various types and subtypes of intracranial  meningiomas with advanced MRI Mousam Panigrahi, Narendra K. Bodhey, Saroj K. Pati, Nighat Hussain, Anil K. Sharma, Arvind K. Shukla South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2480 | 26 October 2022 Original Research Spontaneous bleeding in COVID-19: A retrospective experience of an  Italian COVID-19 hospital Mirko Trentadue, Plinio Calligaro, Gianluigi Lazzarini, Fabio Bonomi Boseggia, Elena Residori, Jennifer Hu, Silvana Vanti, Linda Lillo, Giovanna Varischi, Roberto Cerini South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2509 | 31 October 2022 Review Article A review of teleradiology in Africa – Towards mobile teleradiology  in Nigeria Mohammed Y. Tahir, Maurice Mars, Richard E. Scott South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2257 | 11 January 2022 Case Report Spinal Chloroma – Herald of blast crisis in a patient with chronic  myeloid leukaemia: A case report Stuti Chandola, M. Sarthak Swarup, Radhika Batra, Alpana Manchanda South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2286 | 27 January 2022 Case Report A case of carotid web: Cause of stroke in healthy and  young patients Sanjay M. Khaladkar, Darshana Dilip, Rahul Arkar, Vijetha Chanabasanavar, Purnachandra Lamghare South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2291 | 28 January 2022 Case Report Otosyphilis: A rare cause of acute bilateral sensorineural  hearing loss in a HIV-negative patient Johan Sothmann, Shaun Adam, Gideon van Tonder, Razaan Davis, Leon Janse van Rensburg South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2351 | 29 March 2022 Case Report Primary giant cell tumour of the breast with recurrence:  A rare case report Farhana E. Suleman, Moipone N. Vilakazi, Meshack Bida, Richard Edwards South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2393 | 20 April 2022 Case Report Sellar spine: A rare Bony variant of the Sella Turcica Luke D. Metelo-Liquito, Thandi E. Buthelezi South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2371 | 28 April 2022 105 112 121 130 139 144 148 153 157 Case Report Diagnosing rare intraductal biliary neoplasms – Intraductal  papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: A case report with  typical imaging findings Saumya Pandey, Nitin Agarwal, Vidushi Gupta, Ashok Sharma, Anil Aggarwal, Sunita Gupta, Ram Krishan South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2387 | 29 April 2022 SAJR 26-1_2022_Contents.indd http://www.sajr.org.za Open Access Table of Contents Original Research Paediatric minor head injury applied to Paediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network CT recommendations:  An audit Jacques du Plessis, Sharadini K. Gounden, Carolyn Lewis South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2289 | 14 April 2022 Original Research Diagnostic accuracy and inter-reader reliability of the MRI Liver  Imaging Reporting and Data System (version 2018) risk stratification  and management system Ranjit Singh, Mitchell P. Wilson, Florin Manolea, Bilal Ahmed, Christopher Fung, Darryn Receveur, Gavin Low South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2386 | 19 May 2022 Original Research Appropriateness of imaging modality choice by doctors at the  Kenyatta National Hospital’s Accident and Emergency  Department Salman S. Ahmed, Callen K. Onyambu, Eunice Omamo, Alfred Odhiambo South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2367 | 29 June 2022 Original Research A 6-year audit of public-sector MR utilisation in the Western Cape  province of South Africa Yusuf Parak, Razaan Davis, Michelle Barnard, Amanda Fernandez, Keith Cloete, Matodzi Mukosi, Richard D. Pitcher South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, No 1 | a2464 | 22 July 2022 Original Research The effectiveness of the pregnancy adapted YEARS algorithm to  safely identify patients for CT pulmonary angiogram in pregnant  and puerperal patients suspected of having pulmonary  embolism Riaan Potgieter, Piet Becker, Farhana Suleman South African Journal of Radiology | Vol 26, keywords: african; african journal; journal; radiology; research; south; south african; vol cache: sajr-2630.pdf plain text: sajr-2630.txt item: #581 of 946 id: sajr-2634 author: None title: sajr-2634 date: None words: 3366 flesch: 34 summary: Aneurysm characteristics, study population, and endovascular techniques for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms in a large, prospective, multicenter cohort: Results of the analysis of recanalization after endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysm study. Abstract Introduction Materials and methods Results Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgements References About the Author(s) Herchel Clarke Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Trevor Nefale Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Victor Mngomezulu Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Citation Clarke H, Nefale T, Mngomezulu V. Endovascular management of intracranial aneurysms at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital. keywords: aneurysms; cerebral; endovascular; intracranial; management; patients; presentation; risk; size; study cache: sajr-2634.htm plain text: sajr-2634.txt item: #582 of 946 id: sajr-264 author: None title: SAJR 793 date: None words: 947 flesch: 52 summary: Tectorial membrane injury associated with REH is rarely seen. There are several reasons why children are more at risk for CCJ injury (Table 1). keywords: ccj; injury; membrane; reh cache: sajr-264.htm plain text: sajr-264.txt item: #583 of 946 id: sajr-2641 author: None title: sajr-2641 date: None words: 2918 flesch: 42 summary: Keywords: subserosal; uterine leiomyoma; fibroid; pedunculated fibroid; torsion; ultrasound; magnetic resonance imaging; acute abdomen. If left untreated, haemorrhagic infarction of the torsed leiomyoma may lead to infection and peritonitis.5 Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality used to diagnose uterine leiomyomas, which appear as solid masses revealing a whorled appearance with posterior acoustic shadowing on grey-scale and a peripheral rim of vascularity on Doppler examination.6 Doppler interrogation can help identify the vascular pedicle in cases of subserosal leiomyomas (as depicted in Figure 1d in this case); however, the diagnosis of torsion still remains elusive. keywords: acute; case; imaging; leiomyoma; mass; subserosal; torsion; uterine cache: sajr-2641.htm plain text: sajr-2641.txt item: #584 of 946 id: sajr-266 author: None title: SAJR 781 date: None words: 2069 flesch: 43 summary: Drs Clive Sperryn (RSSA President) and Sally Candy (SASNI Chair), Professor Dr Robert Hermans (Leuven), Dr Zimele Mngoma (RSSA CME Association Trustee) and Professor Leon Janse van Rensburg (RSSA Congress Chair). SAJR 781 RADIOACTIVE NEWS RSSA - MIP ultrasound mini conference highly successful Zarina Lockhat University of Pretoria The RSSA’s Medical Imaging Partnership (MIP) Visiting International Professors Programme for Winter 2012 took the form of a mini-conference on ultrasound hosted by the Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Imaging at the University of Limpopo’s Medunsa Campus, in conjunction with the RSSA’s CME Association, on 6 and 7 August 2012. keywords: course; head; imaging; professor; radiology; rssa; university cache: sajr-266.htm plain text: sajr-266.txt item: #585 of 946 id: sajr-2668 author: None title: sajr-2668 date: None words: 5400 flesch: 45 summary: A linear regression analysis was done to determine the change in lesion dimensions over time. A regression analysis was performed to determine the change in lesion dimensions over time. keywords: abs; ameloblastoma; cases; dimensions; follow; imaging; initial; lesion; oral; radiographs; size; study; treatment cache: sajr-2668.htm plain text: sajr-2668.txt item: #586 of 946 id: sajr-267 author: Matzdorff, Robert title: CPD questionnaire date: 2012-11-28 words: 510 flesch: 57 summary: The presence of pneumoperitoneum allows free intra-peritoneal air to be contrasted with intraluminal gas, accentuating the wall of gas- containing viscera. Is characterised by decreased bone mass, increased bone fragility and susceptibility to fractures. keywords: callosum; veins cache: sajr-267.pdf plain text: sajr-267.txt item: #587 of 946 id: sajr-2684 author: None title: sajr-2684 date: None words: 3847 flesch: 39 summary: Axial post-contrast soft tissue window CT image in a patient with a right occipital craniectomy (a, thick white arrow) indicates extensive leptomeningeal enhancement (b, thin white arrows). Later on, the edges become smooth and rounded as the flap undergoes resorption and remodelling.4 FIGURE 2: Axial bone window CT brain image (a) demonstrates a left parietal craniotomy (short white arrows) in a patient who underwent surgery for a left parietal space occupying lesion. keywords: arrows; axial; brain; craniectomy; figure; image; post; right; tissue; window cache: sajr-2684.htm plain text: sajr-2684.txt item: #588 of 946 id: sajr-27 author: van der Merwe, D J; Andronikou, S; McGurck, S; Hlongwane, S; Brandt, A title: Intracranial haemorrhage and the phenomenon of 'T2-blackout' date: 2007-01-30 words: 594 flesch: 61 summary: Pitfalls and artifacts of DWI imaging. It showed ‘blackout’ (hypointense) on DWI (Fig. 3) and ADC map (Fig. 4). keywords: fig cache: sajr-27.pdf plain text: sajr-27.txt item: #589 of 946 id: sajr-270 author: None title: SAJR 939 date: None words: 487 flesch: 54 summary: Thank you to those members of the RSSA who participated in the recent April 2013 RSSA/SAJR poll conducted to obtain a formal record indicating their preferences when accessing journal content. Of the 213 responses, 55% indicated a preference for a digital-only format that includes online journal access and digital applications for mobile devices. keywords: journal; sajr cache: sajr-270.htm plain text: sajr-270.txt item: #590 of 946 id: sajr-2701 author: None title: sajr-2701 date: None words: 5692 flesch: 40 summary: The average ferromagnetic DEI values were significantly lower than the average non-ferromagnetic values, similar to Diallo et al.26 and the opposite to Winklhofer et al.30 The current findings demonstrate a more pronounced overlap of DEI values while comparing ferromagnetic to non-ferromagnetic bullets, whereas previous studies had a more pronounced difference with less overlap. Furthermore, even the average ferromagnetic (Siemens Somatom: −0.0616; GE Discovery: −0.0633) and non-ferromagnetic (Siemens Somatom: −0.0339; GE Discovery: −0.0299) bullet DEI values were comparable and within close proximity to each other. keywords: average; bullets; dect; dei; dei values; energy; ferromagnetic; figure; machines; metal; phantoms; ranges; readings; somatom; values cache: sajr-2701.htm plain text: sajr-2701.txt item: #591 of 946 id: sajr-271 author: None title: SAJR 866 date: None words: 4943 flesch: 39 summary: The regulatory authority practice of outsourcing radiation protection services to board-certified service providers without a national guideline on X-ray equipment performance does not adequately address the country’s radiology quality management needs. Large hospitals, such as the teaching and referral or specialised centres, should consider the establishment of a QA committee whose primary function would be to maintain effective quality management systems among all groups associated with medical X-ray imaging. keywords: equipment; imaging; korir; patient; performance; protection; quality; radiation; radiology; ray cache: sajr-271.htm plain text: sajr-271.txt item: #592 of 946 id: sajr-272 author: None title: SAJR 853 date: None words: 1737 flesch: 47 summary: We report on the progression of the disease in a 3-year-old boy, confirmed to have idiopathic moyamoya disease, over 6 ensuing years, using serial magnetic resonance imaging with MR angiography. We present progressive imaging of a 3-year-old boy confirmed to have idiopathic moyamoya disease, over 6 years using serial MRI with MR angiography, and compare with conventional angiography at the last visit. keywords: angiography; disease; moyamoya; vessels cache: sajr-272.htm plain text: sajr-272.txt item: #593 of 946 id: sajr-273 author: None title: SAJR 778 date: None words: 7967 flesch: 48 summary: The diagnostic algorithm for sinus disease continues to evolve along with advances in imaging modalities, and this review discusses suggested imaging guidelines for sinus imaging in children. 2. Lymphoma is a common neoplasm of childhood, accounting for approximately 50% of all head and neck malignancies.27 Lymphomas arising primarily in the nose and paranasal sinuses are of the non-Hodgkin’s type, but are uncommon. keywords: bone; children; chronic; complications; ethmoid; fig; imaging; infection; maxillary; paranasal; sinonasal; sinus; sinuses; sinusitis cache: sajr-273.htm plain text: sajr-273.txt item: #594 of 946 id: sajr-274 author: None title: SAJR 927 date: None words: 2174 flesch: 52 summary: The high value of obstetric claims, including those for missed abnormalities, is reflected in the cost of indemnity for obstetricians and those performing antenatal ultrasound. Most importantly, indemnifiers accepting the financial risks of claims for missed structural abnormalities need to ensure they have sufficient reserves to meet future administrative and claims costs. keywords: abnormality; claims; risk; ultrasound cache: sajr-274.htm plain text: sajr-274.txt item: #595 of 946 id: sajr-275 author: None title: SAJR 899 date: None words: 1216 flesch: 48 summary: Şenocak EU, Oğuz KK, Haliloğlu G, Topçu M, Cila A. Structural abnormalities of the brain other than molar tooth sign in Joubert syndrome-related disorders. Şenocak EU, Oğuz KK, Haliloğlu G, Topçu M, Cila A. Structural abnormalities of the brain other than molar tooth sign in Joubert syndrome-related disorders. keywords: joubert; molar; sign; tooth cache: sajr-275.htm plain text: sajr-275.txt item: #596 of 946 id: sajr-276 author: None title: SAJR 855 date: None words: 881 flesch: 61 summary: Though uncommon, the sign is regarded as the pathognomonic MRI sign of Wilson disease. MR imaging of the brain in Wilson disease of childhood: Findings before and after treatment with clinical correlation. keywords: disease; mri; wilson cache: sajr-276.htm plain text: sajr-276.txt item: #597 of 946 id: sajr-277 author: None title: SAJR 935 date: None words: 989 flesch: 53 summary: Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), unknown before March 1997 and first described in 2000, is a systemic disorder characterised by widespread tissue fibrosis. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF), unknown before March 1997 and first described in 2000, is a systemic disorder characterised by widespread tissue fibrosis. keywords: fibrosis; gadolinium; nephrogenic; nsf cache: sajr-277.htm plain text: sajr-277.txt item: #598 of 946 id: sajr-278 author: None title: SAJR 874 date: None words: 2341 flesch: 49 summary: Lymphoid hyperplasia typically shows diffuse enlargement with a fine mixture of fat and lymphoid tissue, a smooth contour, and normal vessels; this in contrast to thymic tumour that is associated with a nodular contour and frequently contains necrotic or calcific foci.5 Thymic lymphoid hyperplasia is commonly associated with myasthenia gravis, thyrotoxicosis, Addison disease, acromegaly, thyroid cancer, connective tissue disease and early stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Thymic tumours Thymoma Thymomas are the most common primary neoplasm of the anterior mediastinum. keywords: fig; hyperplasia; imaging; mass; thymic; thymus cache: sajr-278.htm plain text: sajr-278.txt item: #599 of 946 id: sajr-279 author: None title: SAJR 846 date: None words: 845 flesch: 56 summary: We report on a rare case of bilateral nasolabial cysts, of which only 30 cases have been described previously. SAJR 846 Nasolabial cysts − a rare case A F Bezuidenhout,1 MB ChB; N S Stofberg,2 MB ChB 1 Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Stellenbosch University, Parow, Cape Town, South Africa 2 Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Stellenbosch University, Parow, Cape Town, South Africa Corresponding author: keywords: case; cysts; fig cache: sajr-279.htm plain text: sajr-279.txt item: #600 of 946 id: sajr-28 author: Ekins, J title: What is STATdx date: 2007-01-30 words: 1137 flesch: 49 summary: STATdx™, a product of Amirsys Inc., is a new on-line diagnostic decision support system that boasts a serious response to the aforementioned issues and then takes the concept of an on-line POC imaging reference a step further (Fig. 1). As a well-reputed representative of on-line references, STATdx™ is managed in a way that allows it to offer a nearly unabridged and continually growing wealth of cases and diag- noses. keywords: diagnosis; fig; statdx cache: sajr-28.pdf plain text: sajr-28.txt item: #601 of 946 id: sajr-280 author: None title: SAJR 870 date: None words: 1151 flesch: 46 summary: Computed tomography (CT) scans of the chest revealed bilateral paravertebral masses. Chest radiography depicted bilateral posterior mediastinal masses (Fig. 1). keywords: chest; emh; hematopoiesis; masses cache: sajr-280.htm plain text: sajr-280.txt item: #602 of 946 id: sajr-281 author: None title: SAJR 934 date: None words: 157 flesch: 63 summary: SAJR 934 Neonatal imaging S K Misser,1 MB ChB, FC Rad (D) SA; T A Mitha,2 BSc, MB ChB, FCP (SA) Paed; A S Shaik,3 MB ChB, FCS (SA), Cert (Paed Surg) SA 1 Lake Smit and Partners, Durban, South Africa 2 Specialist Paediatrician, Parklands Hospital, Durban, South Africa 3 Paediatric Surgeon, Parklands Hospital, Durban, South Africa Corresponding author: S K Misser (misser@lakesmit.co.za) Portable babygram radiograph. keywords: fig cache: sajr-281.htm plain text: sajr-281.txt item: #603 of 946 id: sajr-282 author: None title: SAJR 936 date: None words: 1223 flesch: 45 summary: The paramalignant syndromes are divided into paraneoplastic neurological syndromes (PNS) and non-neurological syndromes. An increasing number of onconeural antibodies have been identified in patients with PNS, including anti-Hu, anti-CV2, anti-Ma and anti-Ta (Ma2), among several others.1 Anti-Ta (Ma2) typically occurs in young men with testicular germ cell tumours (including extragonadal sites). keywords: diagnosis; encephalitis; fig; limbic; paraneoplastic cache: sajr-282.htm plain text: sajr-282.txt item: #604 of 946 id: sajr-283 author: Matzdorff, Robert title: Cone beam CT workshop; SASPI report date: 2013-08-01 words: 911 flesch: 36 summary: He also put forward the justifications and strategy for the establishment of an international TB network, an upcoming and exciting new venture in paediatric imaging outreach. Paediatric radiology roadshow As a SASPI initiative, paediatric radiologists Savvas Andronikou, Jaishree Naidoo and Tanyia Pillay will visit 2 centres in KwaZulu-Natal, and present series of lectures at the Inkosi Albert Luthuli Community Hospital in Durban and at Grey’s Hospital in Pietermaritzburg on 26th and 27th August 2013, and will also spend ‘hands-on’ time in the radiology departments, assisting with paediatric ultrasound and fluoroscopy procedures, and interpreting radiographs and MRI cases. keywords: imaging; outreach; spr; wfpi cache: sajr-283.pdf plain text: sajr-283.txt item: #605 of 946 id: sajr-284 author: Matzdorff, Robert title: CPD questionnaire date: 2013-08-01 words: 698 flesch: 45 summary: Regarding nasolabial cysts – a rare case: 19. Nasolabial cysts comprise approximately 0.6% of all jaw cysts, most commonly affect patients in the 4th and 5th decades of life, and have a male predominance. keywords: cysts; quality; sinus cache: sajr-284.pdf plain text: sajr-284.txt item: #606 of 946 id: sajr-287 author: None title: EDITORIAL date: None words: 1050 flesch: 41 summary: MMed students should be encouraged to distribute their scholarly research through journal publication. My initiation into the publishing of scholarly journals was marked by a visit to the Health and Medical Publishing Group (HMPG) office in Rondebosch, Cape Town, where I was introduced to the publishing team responsible for delivering the completed journal, in print and online, to the radiology community each quarter. keywords: editorial; journals; south cache: sajr-287.htm plain text: sajr-287.txt item: #607 of 946 id: sajr-288 author: None title: SAJR 655 date: None words: 3796 flesch: 50 summary: To correlate suspected lymphadenopathy on lateral CXR with sagittal CT reconstructions and determine which anatomical group of lymph nodes contributes to each lateral CXR location. Contribution to each zonal group on lateral CXR were from multiple anatomical lymph node sites. keywords: children; cxr; lymphadenopathy; nodes; subcarinal; tuberculosis cache: sajr-288.htm plain text: sajr-288.txt item: #608 of 946 id: sajr-289 author: None title: SAJR 678 date: None words: 1773 flesch: 48 summary: M van Rensburg, FRCR, FRANZCR Neuroradiologist in private practice, Life Wilgers Hospital, Pretoria   Corresponding author: P van Rensburg (pjvanr@gmail.com) Gliomas are central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms with specific histological characteristics that comprise almost 60% of all CNS malignancies.1 They are subdivided into astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas.1 The most common form of gliomas are the astrocytomas, and the most aggressive type of astrocytoma is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).1 Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy achieve little success in the management of glioblastoma. Alatakis S, Malhamand M, Thien C. Spinal leptomeningeal metastasis from cerebral glioblastoma multiforme presenting with radicular pain. keywords: fig; gbm; glioblastoma; mri; multiforme cache: sajr-289.htm plain text: sajr-289.txt item: #609 of 946 id: sajr-29 author: Andronikou, S title: Editorial date: 2007-11-27 words: 379 flesch: 66 summary: I hope that after completion of his thesis, also on radiology system and information that Otto will lead the way for a new area of radiology specialisation in South Africa (IT in radiology is an existing following option in the USA). These are simple, beginners’ guides to PACS written by Otto Schulze, who while still a registrar in radiology, leads the whole Western Cape PACS vision. keywords: radiology cache: sajr-29.pdf plain text: sajr-29.txt item: #610 of 946 id: sajr-290 author: None title: SAJR 633 date: None words: 1121 flesch: 51 summary: Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery: A rare cause of myocardial infarction in children. Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery: A rare cause of myocardial infarction in children. keywords: artery; coronary; left cache: sajr-290.htm plain text: sajr-290.txt item: #611 of 946 id: sajr-291 author: None title: SAJR 669 date: None words: 1286 flesch: 47 summary: Thomas, M. The global experience with percutaneous aortic valve replacement. Thomas, M. The global experience with percutaneous aortic valve replacement. keywords: aortic; treatment; valve cache: sajr-291.htm plain text: sajr-291.txt item: #612 of 946 id: sajr-292 author: None title: SAJR 702 date: None words: 1130 flesch: 52 summary: Breast imaging should also be undertaken in female patients to exclude breast malignancy. In patients who have not had recent breast imaging, this should be performed to search for occult breast malignancy, as this is present in up to 12% of cases.5 keywords: axillary; breast; malignancy cache: sajr-292.htm plain text: sajr-292.txt item: #613 of 946 id: sajr-293 author: None title: SAJR 709 date: None words: 3490 flesch: 54 summary: Rendered brain surface showing the tumour (pink) and fMRI motor regions in (a) oblique-posterior, and (b) lateral views. Since its inception almost 20 years ago, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has greatly advanced our knowledge of human brain function. keywords: activation; brain; fmri; imaging; motor; resonance; tumour cache: sajr-293.htm plain text: sajr-293.txt item: #614 of 946 id: sajr-294 author: None title: SAJR 684 date: None words: 1573 flesch: 43 summary: Early lumbar axial ankylosis and spinal involvement is more marked in male patients than female, with early radiographic signs of hip involvement.2-4 Classic joint involvement includes: bilateral sacro-iliac, thoraco-lumbar and lumbo-sacral joints (early) and cervical spine (late).5 1. Hermann KGA, Althoff CE, Schneider U, et al. keywords: lesions; spine; spondylitis cache: sajr-294.htm plain text: sajr-294.txt item: #615 of 946 id: sajr-295 author: None title: SAJR 721 date: None words: 904 flesch: 49 summary: Kunimasa K, Jo T, Takaiwa T, Ishida T. Thoracic sandwich sign. Kunimasa K, Jo T, Takaiwa T, Ishida T. Thoracic sandwich sign. keywords: lymphoma; sandwich; sign cache: sajr-295.htm plain text: sajr-295.txt item: #616 of 946 id: sajr-296 author: None title: SAJR 656 date: None words: 1061 flesch: 44 summary: The disease is classified into 3 types: • cerebral Alexanders (type 1), which primarily has an infantile onset with the presence of seizures, psychomotor developmental retardation, macrocephaly and abnormalities in the superior frontal cerebral white matter observed in a brain MRI • bulbospinal Alexanders (type 2), which primarily has an adult onset with the presence of muscle weakness, hyperreflexia, bulbar or pseudobulbar symptoms, signal abnormalities and atrophy observed in an MRI of the medulla oblongata and upper cervical spinal cord • intermediate form (type 3) which has the characteristics of both the preceding.3 The MR imaging patterns of Alexander disease have been described to be quite specific, dissimilar from patients observed in other white matter abnormalities either of known4 or unknown origin. SAJR 656 MRI diagnosis of Alexander disease C G Muralidharan, MB BS, MD, Dip NB (Radiodiagnosis) R P S Tomar, MB BS, MD (Paediatrics) M H Jalandhar Hospital, Jalandhar, Punjab, India   R Aggarwal, MB BS, MD (Radiodiagnosis) A F Hospital, Halwara, Punjab   Corresponding author: C Muralidharan (murali.cg@rediffmail.com) Alexander disease (fibrinoid leucodystrophy; originally described by Alexander in 1949) is a rare, fatal, nonfamilial leucoencephalopathy caused by astrocyte dysfunction characterised by missense mutation in the genes coding for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). keywords: alexander; disease; imaging; matter cache: sajr-296.htm plain text: sajr-296.txt item: #617 of 946 id: sajr-297 author: None title: SAJR 769 date: None words: 893 flesch: 54 summary: The possibility of post-chemotherapy- (infective or immunologic) related lung disease was thought a less likely differential diagnosis. When the pulmonary vessels are uniform in size, this is probably due to parenchymal lung disease (Table 2). keywords: areas; lung; resolution cache: sajr-297.htm plain text: sajr-297.txt item: #618 of 946 id: sajr-298 author: None title: SAJR 773 date: None words: 206 flesch: 76 summary: SAJR 773 Trauma imaging of the cranio-cervical junction S K Misser, MB ChB, FC RAD (D) SA T Z Mngoma, MBA, MB ChB, FFRAD (SA) Lake Smit and Partners, Durban   M Roux, MB ChB, FCS (SA) Entabeni Hospital, Durban   Corresponding author: S Misser (misser@lakesmit.co.za) Presentation A 5-year-old boy presented to A&E after a motor vehicle accident in which he was an unrestrained passenger. S Afr J Rad 2012;16(3):111-113. keywords: fig cache: sajr-298.htm plain text: sajr-298.txt item: #619 of 946 id: sajr-299 author: None title: RADIOACTIVE NEWS date: None words: 313 flesch: 35 summary: My attendance at the 49th Annual Meeting of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology, held in Athens, Greece, from 28 May to 1 June 2012, was made possible by the generosity of the Radiological Society of South Africa CME Association grant. Dr M Riccabona, the chair of the ESPR Uroradiology Task Force and ESUR Paediatric Uroradiology Working Group, with Dr N Govender and Professor S Andronikou, both from the University of the Witwatersrand, and Dr P Rao, a paediatric subspecialist from the Royal Children’s Hospital in Australia. keywords: paediatric cache: sajr-299.htm plain text: sajr-299.txt item: #620 of 946 id: sajr-3 author: None title: SAJR 1008 date: None words: 797 flesch: 52 summary: Developing skills to deliver health research is necessary for every country’s development. Ijsselmuiden C, Marais DL, Becerra-Posada F, Ghannem H. Africa’s neglected area of human resources for health research – the way forward. keywords: health; medicine; research cache: sajr-3.htm plain text: sajr-3.txt item: #621 of 946 id: sajr-300 author: None title: SAJR 699 date: None words: 593 flesch: 65 summary: Axial view after single post-triphasic contrast injection series. On the 3-hour delay post-contrast scan, there is retention of contrast in the tubules, causing streaky contrast staining in the area of inflammation, typical of pyelonephritis (black arrow in Fig. 3b). keywords: contrast; fig cache: sajr-300.htm plain text: sajr-300.txt item: #622 of 946 id: sajr-304 author: None title: appointment.html date: None words: 1921 flesch: 61 summary: Jan Lotz Editor-in-chief Tribute to Bryan Cremin By Sean Conway Bryan Joseph Cremin was born in London on 2 September 1929 to a Limerick GP father and a Kerry mother, both of the province of Munster, Ireland. This ends my somewhat personal contribution to the Life of Bryan – Bryan Joseph Cremin – with apologies where indicated. keywords: bryan; cremin; hospital; radiology; time cache: sajr-304.htm plain text: sajr-304.txt item: #623 of 946 id: sajr-305 author: None title: Image quality.html date: None words: 3167 flesch: 60 summary: Image quality.html Image quality dependence on image processing software in computed radiography Lourens J Strauss, BMedSc (Hons) (Medical Physics) Four aspects of image quality were evaluated. keywords: contrast; fig; image; noise; processing; quality; software cache: sajr-305.htm plain text: sajr-305.txt item: #624 of 946 id: sajr-306 author: None title: RADIATION PROTECTION.html date: None words: 4885 flesch: 47 summary: Act 61: National Health Act. Act 61: National Health Act. keywords: act; government; government gazette; radiation; sa government; south; substances cache: sajr-306.htm plain text: sajr-306.txt item: #625 of 946 id: sajr-307 author: None title: Experiences.html date: None words: 2643 flesch: 55 summary: Biphasic contrast injection single post-contrast injection series. Other advantages from reducing unnecessary series of post-contrast CT scans have been discussed in a previous article using a single post-contrast CT scan of the urinary tract after triphasic contrast injection.1 These advantages include: • more efficient reading of the scans owing to more information presented on a single post-contrast series • ease of viewing of a single scan post-contrast series for the referring clinician • reduction in radiation to the patient from unnecessary extra scan series • reduced wear and tear on scanner hardware • reduction in the number of images needing electronic archiving. keywords: contrast; injection; post; scan cache: sajr-307.htm plain text: sajr-307.txt item: #626 of 946 id: sajr-308 author: None title: MAGNETIC RESONANCE.html date: None words: 3059 flesch: 62 summary: The impact of breast MRI on surgical decision-making: are patients at risk for mastectomy? The impact of breast MRI on surgical decision-making: are patients at risk for mastectomy? keywords: breast; cancer; mri; patients; screening cache: sajr-308.htm plain text: sajr-308.txt item: #627 of 946 id: sajr-309 author: None title: ultrasound diagnosis.html date: None words: 2295 flesch: 51 summary: The essay highlights the need for awareness of this entity when dealing with medial elbow pain and/or ulnar neuropathy. ultrasound diagnosis.html Ultrasound diagnosis of ulnar nerve dislocation and snapping triceps syndrome V B Gupta, MBBS, DNB K B Patankar, MD, DMRD F Paranjpe, MD J Patil, MD, DNB Department of Radiology, Apple Hospital, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India Corresponding author: V Gupta (vivekforever@lycos.com) Dislocation of the ulnar nerve with snapping triceps syndrome has been implicated as a cause of cubital tunnel syndrome. keywords: cubital; nerve; triceps; tunnel; ulnar cache: sajr-309.htm plain text: sajr-309.txt item: #628 of 946 id: sajr-310 author: None title: traumatic.html date: None words: 417 flesch: 56 summary: Sagittal T2-weighted MRI of cervical spine demonstrates spinal cord hyperintensity at C 4 and C5 levels. Fig. Axial T2-weighted MRI at C4 and C5 levels demonstrates the extent of spinal cord hyperintensity limited to the left hemicord in keeping with the clinical features of Brown-Sequard syndrome. keywords: brown; sequard cache: sajr-310.htm plain text: sajr-310.txt item: #629 of 946 id: sajr-311 author: None title: Unusual.html date: None words: 2021 flesch: 61 summary: A ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is a fairly common and useful procedure to reduce intracranial pressure in patients with hydrocephalus. Complications associated with VP shunts are usually related to either shunt obstruction or infection. In view of several fluid collections along the tract of the VP shunt, intraperitoneal collection adjacent to the tip of VP shunt and moderate hydrocephalus, a diagnosis of a CSF pseudocyst of the breast was made. keywords: breast; csf; fluid; pseudocyst; shunt cache: sajr-311.htm plain text: sajr-311.txt item: #630 of 946 id: sajr-312 author: None title: A RARE.html date: None words: 965 flesch: 41 summary: The widely accepted anatomical classification proposed by Shackman5 distinguishes 3 categories of JGI: Type I – afferent loop intussusception (antegrade); Type II – efferent loop intussusception (retrograde); and Type III – combined form. Jejunogastric intussusception presenting with outlet obstruction. keywords: intussusception; jejunogastric; retrograde cache: sajr-312.htm plain text: sajr-312.txt item: #631 of 946 id: sajr-313 author: None title: pycnodysostosis.html date: None words: 1562 flesch: 42 summary: This report is of a young man with a history of long bone fractures. He also provided a history of multiple previous long bone fractures over the course of the previous 4 years, including bilateral femur fractures, bilateral tibia fractures and a right humerus fracture. keywords: bone; case; fractures; pycnodysostosis; report cache: sajr-313.htm plain text: sajr-313.txt item: #632 of 946 id: sajr-314 author: None title: Cubital.html date: None words: 1341 flesch: 49 summary: All were found to be suffering from cubital tunnel syndrome, with one having carpal tunnel syndrome in addition. Cubital.html Cubital tunnel syndrome: A report of two cases F E Suleman, MB ChB, FCRad(D)(SA), MMedRad(D) Department of Radiology, University of Pretoria M Velleman, MB ChB, FCRad(D)(SA), MMedRad(D) Radiology Department, Little Company of Mary Medical Centre, Pretoria Corresponding author: F Suleman (fesuleman@gmail.com) Cubital tunnel syndrome is the second most common peripheral neuropathy of the upper limb. keywords: cubital; nerve; tunnel; ulnar cache: sajr-314.htm plain text: sajr-314.txt item: #633 of 946 id: sajr-315 author: Conway, Sean title: Bryan Joseph Cremin date: 2012-06-12 words: 1936 flesch: 60 summary: Jan Lotz Editor-in-chief Tribute to Bryan Cremin By Sean Conway Bryan Joseph Cremin was born in London on 2 September 1929 to a Limerick GP father and a Kerry mother, both of the province of Munster, Ireland. This ends my somewhat personal contribution to the Life of Bryan – Bryan Joseph Cremin – with apologies where indicated. keywords: bryan; cremin; hospital; radiology; time cache: sajr-315.pdf plain text: sajr-315.txt item: #634 of 946 id: sajr-316 author: Misser, Shalendra Kumar title: Musculoskeletal imaging of a painful knee: Diagnosis date: 2012-06-12 words: 807 flesch: 45 summary: Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2007:685-692. SONK Atraumatic osteonecrosis Synonyms Primary necrosis, osteonecrosis Secondary, idiopathic osteonecrosis Age group Older patients, usually >55 years Younger patients, usually <55 years Patient profile Elderly female, with moderate OA Young active Presentation Acute pain/acute-on-chronic pain Insidious onset and slow progression Risk factors None Steroid/ethanol use, renal disease Joints involved Weight-bearing, usually unilateral Non-weight-bearing, commonly bilateral Location of bone involvement Epiphyseal to subchondral surface Diaphyseal, metaphyseal, epiphyseal T2-weighted MRI Increased signal at margin, decreased signal at centre of lesion Decreased signal at margin with increased signal of inner border – double-line sign Articular surface hyperintensity of both femoral condyles and the medial tibial condyle with subchondral fracture at the latter is noted. keywords: joint; osteonecrosis; signal; sonk cache: sajr-316.pdf plain text: sajr-316.txt item: #635 of 946 id: sajr-317 author: Misser, Shalendra Kumar; Abdullah, I A title: Chest imaging by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) date: 2012-06-12 words: 163 flesch: 72 summary: 80 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2012 QUIZ CASE Chest imaging by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) S K Misser, MB ChB, FCRad (D) SA Lake Smit and Partners, Durban I A Abdullah, MB ChB, FCP (SA), FCCP St Augustine’s Hospital, Durban Corresponding author: S Misser (misser@lakesmit.co.za) Presentation Axial HRCT at aortic arch level. keywords: fig cache: sajr-317.pdf plain text: sajr-317.txt item: #636 of 946 id: sajr-318 author: Matzdorff, Robert title: CME Fund date: 2012-06-12 words: 2270 flesch: 45 summary: However, Leon Janse van Rensburg recently became aware that Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital (RCWMCH) was in need of books; as a result, an additional allocation of funds was made so that the RCWMCH might acquire the needed books. The active congress programme of the RSSA organised by Leon Janse van Rensburg covers major areas of the syllabus over a 5-year cycle, giving all radiologists, and particularly those in training, the opportunity to continually update knowledge, with renowned international speakers coming to South Africa. keywords: imaging; janse; radiologists; radiology; rensburg; rssa; university; van cache: sajr-318.pdf plain text: sajr-318.txt item: #637 of 946 id: sajr-319 author: Fani, Gertrude title: CPD Questionnaire date: 2012-06-12 words: 1178 flesch: 56 summary: The role of MRI in screening for breast cancer and its use after the diagnosis of breast cancer is an enormous topic, with over 5 000 papers published in the last 10 years. D. The low PPV of MRI (20 - 40%), leads to a high rate of biopsies and further investigations – acceptable in women with a high risk of breast cancer, but potentially harmful to women in lower-risk categories. keywords: following cache: sajr-319.pdf plain text: sajr-319.txt item: #638 of 946 id: sajr-32 author: Evan, P; Pather, C title: Fat necrosis of the breast - report of three cases date: 2007-11-27 words: 1786 flesch: 67 summary: Benign breast lesions. Nonneoplastic breast calcifications in lipid cysts: development after exci- sion and primary irradiation. keywords: breast; fat; fig; mass cache: sajr-32.pdf plain text: sajr-32.txt item: #639 of 946 id: sajr-322 author: Jamieson, Douglas H title: Irradiating of children: whose responsibility? date: 2011-05-31 words: 1490 flesch: 46 summary: Reports in the literature from 2002 and 2005 indicate that 30 - 40% of paediatric CT scans are not justified by medical need! It is our responsibility as radiologists to monitor, utilise and advise on the use of diagnostic radiation, especially in children. keywords: children; imaging; paediatric; radiation cache: sajr-322.pdf plain text: sajr-322.txt item: #640 of 946 id: sajr-323 author: van Heerden, J; Lockhat, Z; Bam, D; Fletcher, L; Sommerville, J title: PACS: Do clinical users benefit from it as a training adjunct? date: 2011-05-31 words: 2713 flesch: 38 summary: Easy image retrieval PACS down-time (especially at times of power supply interruptions and system upgrade difficulties). Fig. 5 demonstrates the percentage of clinicians who had image viewing opportunities more than half of the available teaching time at the various institutions (the balance of clinicians viewed images less than half the time). From Fig. 5, it is clear that, in most of the academic teaching scenarios, a larger percentage of clinicians reported image viewing opportunities at SBAH (using the PACS) than at other training institutions without a PACS. keywords: archiving; clinicians; image; opportunities; pacs; system; training; viewing cache: sajr-323.pdf plain text: sajr-323.txt item: #641 of 946 id: sajr-324 author: Ismail, F; Khan, N; van de Werke, I; Ahmed, R title: A severe case of astrogliosis and encephalomalacia in a neonate with a massive vein of Galen malformation (VGM) date: 2011-05-31 words: 1222 flesch: 49 summary: In the search for a high-volume extra-cardiac shunt, cerebral ultrasound revealed a vein of Galen malformation (VGM) with massive hydrocephalus with no normal brain parenchyma (Fig. 3). There was hypertrophy of the left atrium (LA) and right myocardium, and right heart failure A severe case of astrogliosis and encephalomalacia in a neonate with a massive vein of Galen malformation (VGM) F Ismail, FC Rad (D) N Khan, FC Rad (D) keywords: fig; galen; hydrocephalus; right; vein cache: sajr-324.pdf plain text: sajr-324.txt item: #642 of 946 id: sajr-325 author: Ismail, F; van de Werke, I; Khan, N; Levay, P; Davel, G title: Radiological chest manifestations in diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome (DILS) date: 2011-05-31 words: 650 flesch: 35 summary: Axial high resolution computed tomography (HRCT ) of the chest demonstrates lymphatic distribution of a nodular infiltrate with interlobular septal thickening. 4a 4b Figs 5a and b. Histological stains of lung biopsy demonstrate thickening of the interalveolar septae with focal peribronchiolar collections of lymphocyte infiltration in keeping with interstitial lung disease. Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome. keywords: diffuse; dils; lung cache: sajr-325.pdf plain text: sajr-325.txt item: #643 of 946 id: sajr-326 author: Emby, D; Lancaster, A title: Delayed post-surgical sepsis from Teflon felt: The diagnostic value of CT scanning, and a reminder for theatre staff date: 2011-05-31 words: 1464 flesch: 54 summary: Biocompatibility in terms of such implants really denotes that the implants are non-toxic.1 If the operative field is potentially infected (as in Case 1), or potentially contaminated (as in Case 2), the implantation of non-absorbable Teflon felt into the soft tissues results in a foreign body reaction that is prone to secondary infection. 3. de la Fuente A, Augudo O, Sanchez R, Fernandez JL, Moriones I. Repair of left ventricular rupture after mitral valve replacement: use of Teflon patch and glue. keywords: felt; fig; teflon; wound cache: sajr-326.pdf plain text: sajr-326.txt item: #644 of 946 id: sajr-327 author: van Schouwenburg, F; Lameen, H title: Rupture of an ovarian artery aneurysm following normal vaginal delivery date: 2011-05-31 words: 957 flesch: 50 summary: The most common symptom of rupture of ovarian artery aneurysm is acute flank pain or abdominal pain.3,4 A ruptured ovarian artery aneurysm may be surgically treated by adnexectomy or ligation proximal and distal to the point of rupture.1,3 Arterial embolisation is now developing as an alternative therapy.5 Conclusion Spontaneous rupture of ovarian artery aneurysm in the puerperium. keywords: aneurysm; artery; case cache: sajr-327.pdf plain text: sajr-327.txt item: #645 of 946 id: sajr-328 author: D, Liesel; Smal, J; Lockhat, Z title: MRI imaging of vein of Galen malformations at Steve Biko Academic Hospital: A mini case series date: 2011-05-31 words: 1997 flesch: 51 summary: MRI (Fig. 3) confirmed a left temporal lobe arterio-venous malformation with secondary intracerebral bleeding as well as a well-defined, enlarged venous pouch in keeping with a vein of Galen malformation. A midline dilated venous pouch with characteristic flow void is seen on axial (Fig. 1a) and sagittal (Fig 1b) images. keywords: fig; galen; pouch; vein; venous cache: sajr-328.pdf plain text: sajr-328.txt item: #646 of 946 id: sajr-329 author: Lotz, Jan title: The RSSA and CME date: 2011-05-31 words: 424 flesch: 35 summary: The RSSA CME Association (not for gain) was officially constituted on 31 December 2010 as a separate entity. 52 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2011 CME The RSSA and CME With the establishment of an international advisory board consisting of Joshua Farber, Jonathan Kruskal, Walter Kucharczyk and Pia Sundgren (see the Radioactive News section) who have undertaken to provide objective and constructive criticism of the SAJR, and more specifically concerning its content in relation to international work, the journal continues on the growth path that was largely catalysed by the co-operative initiative between the Radiological Society of South Africa (RSSA) and Philips SA. keywords: cme; rssa cache: sajr-329.pdf plain text: sajr-329.txt item: #647 of 946 id: sajr-33 author: Harmse, W; Smith, V; Stoker, A title: Intramural gastric air - gastric pneumatosis of emphysematous gastritis? date: 2007-11-27 words: 1232 flesch: 47 summary: Intramural gastric air – gastric pneumatosis or emphysematous gastritis? Intramural gastric air was subsequently demonstrated on plain abdominal X-rays, fluoroscopy (water-soluble contrast meal), and on an abdominal CT scan. keywords: air; gastric; intramural; wall cache: sajr-33.pdf plain text: sajr-33.txt item: #648 of 946 id: sajr-330 author: Lotz, Jan title: RSSA council and EXCO 2011 - 2013; congress and workshop reports; Travel Award report-back; RSSA book donations and academic prizes; neuroradiology subgroup date: 2011-05-31 words: 2896 flesch: 46 summary: 58 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2011 RADIOACTIVE NEWS RSSA-CME book donation Clive Sperryn (RSSA President) To quote Leon Janse van Rensburg (RSSA Congress Chair), ‘The RSSA CME association will support and provide a sustainable, affordable, appropriate, visionar y and constantly expanding programme of education, teaching and training with support for academic research.’ Neuroradiology subgroup A small group of RSSA members are wanting to form a neuroradiology subgroup. keywords: congress; imaging; mri; new; professor; radiology; rssa; society; south; university cache: sajr-330.pdf plain text: sajr-330.txt item: #649 of 946 id: sajr-331 author: Els, H; Andronikou, S title: Cognitive decline and depressed level of consciousness in AIDS: Diagnosis date: 2011-05-31 words: 1547 flesch: 45 summary: 1a demonstrates a right fronto-parietal, right basal ganglia and left anterior capsula externa hypodense lesions without significant mass effect and no contrast enhancement (Fig. 1b). WM lesions are usually bilateral, symmetric, varied in size and manifest as hypodensities. keywords: enhancement; imaging; lesions; leucoencephalopathy; pml cache: sajr-331.pdf plain text: sajr-331.txt item: #650 of 946 id: sajr-332 author: Misser, S title: Arm pain after syncope - new case date: 2011-05-31 words: 168 flesch: 67 summary: SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2011 63 QUIZ CASE Presentation A chronically ill 49-year-old woman presented to the trauma unit with acute on chronic right arm pain after a syncopal episode. Arm pain after syncope S K Misser, MB ChB, FCRad (D) keywords: fig cache: sajr-332.pdf plain text: sajr-332.txt item: #651 of 946 id: sajr-333 author: Fani, Gertrude title: CPD questionnaire date: 2011-05-31 words: 913 flesch: 49 summary: Regarding radiation effects, identify a single false statement. Frontal CXR 0.11 mSv B. Abdominal CT 10 mSv C. Lung CT 1.33 mSv D. Annual background radiation 0.3 mSv 3. keywords: radiation cache: sajr-333.pdf plain text: sajr-333.txt item: #652 of 946 id: sajr-336 author: Pitcher, Richard title: The dissertation generaltion date: 2011-02-21 words: 915 flesch: 39 summary: In addition to completing 4 years in an accredited teaching programme, new recruits will have to: 1. Broadly, research evaluation in this country currently takes one of two paths: 1. dissertations submitted to university-convened review panels that include internal and external examiners keywords: africa; dissertation; radiology; research cache: sajr-336.pdf plain text: sajr-336.txt item: #653 of 946 id: sajr-337 author: Rubin, Grace; Meerkotter, Debra Ardath title: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis date: 2011-02-21 words: 1328 flesch: 47 summary: It mimics breast carcinoma both clinically and radiographically. The value of making this diagnosis is that the prognosis and treatment differ significantly from that of breast carcinoma, and the radiologist can be pivotal in the diagnosis of this rare condition. keywords: breast; igm; mass; mastitis cache: sajr-337.pdf plain text: sajr-337.txt item: #654 of 946 id: sajr-338 author: Joseph, John; Narayanan, Harish; Varghese, Jacob; Babu, Harish; Praveen, A title: Imaging features of a rare case of scapuloiliac dysostosis (Kosenow syndrome) in an ambulatory child date: 2011-02-21 words: 880 flesch: 48 summary: The support for the femoral head, in the absence of the ilium, seems to be provided by soft tissues such as the surrounding muscles and the fibrous tissue replacing the ilium, as shown by MRI. 6 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • March 2011 CASE REPORT Introduction Scapuloiliac dysostosis, also known as pelvis-shoulder dysplasia and Kosenow syndrome, is a rare skeletal dysplasia described first by Kosenow et al. keywords: case; ilium; syndrome cache: sajr-338.pdf plain text: sajr-338.txt item: #655 of 946 id: sajr-339 author: Ahmed, Aadil title: Unilateral membranous choanal atresia date: 2011-02-21 words: 404 flesch: 51 summary: In more than 90% of cases of choanal atresia, the abnormality is partly or completely osseous; pure membranous atresia is rare.1 In choanal atresia, the posterior view provides a look at the abnormality and surrounding anatomical relationships.3 Membranous choanal atresia is usually treated with endoscopic perforation. keywords: atresia cache: sajr-339.pdf plain text: sajr-339.txt item: #656 of 946 id: sajr-34 author: Mulwafu, W; Furlan, G; Jonas, N title: Ethmoid mucocele in a 5-year-old patient without cystic fibrosis date: 2007-11-27 words: 1105 flesch: 50 summary: Endoscopic treatment of paranasal sinus mucoceles in children. They may also produce frontal headaches and proptosis.2 Differential diagnoses of ethmoid sinus mucoceles in the paediatric population include meningocele, rhabdomyosarcoma, haemangioma, neuroblastoma and bony lesions such as fibrous dysplasia and osteo- mas.5 Mucoceles of the frontal sinus can often be diagnosed on plain X-ray films. keywords: endoscopic; ethmoid; mucoceles; sinus cache: sajr-34.pdf plain text: sajr-34.txt item: #657 of 946 id: sajr-340 author: Shetty, Shishir Ram; Veena, K M; Chatra, Laxmikanth; Shenai, Prashanth; Rao, Prasanna Kumar; Chandra, Jagadish title: Gorlin syndrome - an incidental radiographic detection date: 2011-02-21 words: 787 flesch: 56 summary: Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. It is an hereditary autosomal dominant disease with a prevalence estimated in various studies to be between 1/57 000 and 1/256 000, and a male:female ratio of 1:1.2 We describe in brief the important radiological features of an accidentally detected case of Gorlin syndrome in the form of a pictorial interlude. keywords: fig; gorlin; syndrome cache: sajr-340.pdf plain text: sajr-340.txt item: #658 of 946 id: sajr-341 author: Etheredge, Harriet Rosanne title: Rethinking responsibility in radiography: Some ethical issues in South Africa date: 2011-02-21 words: 3645 flesch: 45 summary: Radiographers, legislation and informed consent This section considers the legal and professional status of the radiographer, examining informed consent requirements for practising radiographers in South Africa. But are radiographers healthcare providers? keywords: africa; consent; health; healthcare; patient; radiographers; south cache: sajr-341.pdf plain text: sajr-341.txt item: #659 of 946 id: sajr-342 author: Kruger, M; Loggenberg, E title: Complications, disease profile and histological yield from percutaneous renal biopsy under real-time US guidance: A retrospective analysis date: 2011-02-21 words: 2266 flesch: 46 summary: Relative contraindications include: • bleeding diathesis • solitary kidney • end-stage or near end-stage renal disease with bilaterally small kidneys • although severe hypertension is universally listed as a contraindication to renal biopsy owingdue to risk of haemorrhage, no clinical studies are available to support this view.3 The difference in the diagnostic yield and complications of coaxial versus non-coaxial biopsy methods is a further consideration, but so far there is no evidence of any difference between the two methods in different studies.4 By international standards, over 99% of percutaneous renal biopsies are diagnostic. The objective of the study was to evaluate (i) the technique used at Universitas Hospital in comparison with other international centres also performing renal biopsies, (ii) the disease profile in patients undergoing renal biopsies, (iii) the complications experienced during and/or after the procedure, and (iv) the histological yield of the biopsies (amount of nephrons per biopsy taken) using this technique. keywords: biopsies; biopsy; complications; disease; patients; renal cache: sajr-342.pdf plain text: sajr-342.txt item: #660 of 946 id: sajr-343 author: Bellew, Neil; Wagener, Georg title: Camurati-Engelmann disease date: 2011-02-21 words: 2814 flesch: 50 summary: Increased bone density without modification of bone shape Osteopetrosis precocious type delayed type intermediate type with renal tubular acidosis Generalised Type 1 uniform Type 2 endobones Generalised Similar other types AR AD AR AR Axial osteosclerosis osteomesopyknosis with bamboo hair Focal sclerosis in vertebrae/pelvis AD AR Pycnodysostosis Generalised AR Osteosclerosis Stanesu type Cortical thickening of long bones, deficient facial sinus development AD Osteopathia striata isolated with cranial sclerosis Radiodense striations on all bones with cranial sclerosis SP XLD Sponastrime dysplasia Striated metaphysis AR Melorheostosis Flowing hyperostosis SP Osteopoikilosis Radiodense spots AD Mixed sclerosing bone dysplasia Combined pattern SP 2. Sclerosing bone dysplasias: genetic and radioclini- cal features. keywords: african; bone; camurati; diaphyseal; disease; dysplasia; engelmann; south; type cache: sajr-343.pdf plain text: sajr-343.txt item: #661 of 946 id: sajr-344 author: Mahomed, N; Goodier, M; Modi, M; Andronikou, S title: The injured snowman date: 2011-02-21 words: 1073 flesch: 43 summary: In infants without metabolic bone disease, rib fractures strongly correlate with NAI because the mechanism that generates these fractures is specific.2,3 Tight squeezing of the immature infant’s chest results in a complex array of compressive and levering forces resulting in fractures of the posterior, lateral and anterior ribs. The pattern of rib fractures depends on the forces distributed in an area dependent on the size of the perpetrator’s hands, and can be seen in similar locations in multiple adjacent ribs.2 In view of the underlying co-morbidity of a congenital cyanotic heart disease described in our patient, viewing the chest X-ray in isolation could result in misinterpretation of the multiple rib fractures as caused by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). keywords: chest; fractures; rib; tapvr cache: sajr-344.pdf plain text: sajr-344.txt item: #662 of 946 id: sajr-345 author: Misser, S K title: Musculoskeletal diagnosis date: 2011-02-21 words: 729 flesch: 52 summary: It plays a minor role in (i) maintaining hip stability by reducing excessive movement, (ii) nociception via type iva somatosensory fibres and (iii) minimal femoral head perfusion.1 Byrd et al.2 reported that ligamentum teres tear (LTT) was the third most common finding at arthroscopy in their series of hip arthroscopy in athletes. Hip arthroscopy in athletes. keywords: arthroscopy; hip; teres cache: sajr-345.pdf plain text: sajr-345.txt item: #663 of 946 id: sajr-346 author: Els, Hein; Andronikou, Savvas title: Neurological case: Cognitive decline and depressed level of consciousness in AIDS date: 2011-02-21 words: 302 flesch: 54 summary: T2WI shows hyperintense signal in white matter right parietal lobe with involvement of the subcortical U-fibres and mild mass effect. Prior to the acute deterioration, he had shown progressive decline in his cognitive functioning. keywords: fig cache: sajr-346.pdf plain text: sajr-346.txt item: #664 of 946 id: sajr-347 author: Janse van Rensberg, Leon title: MDCT/CTA essentials course, Report by ESOR musculoskeletal visiting scholarship date: 2011-02-21 words: 1094 flesch: 47 summary: ESOR musculoskeletal visiting scholarship report Hanief Moosa (Dr Moosa was awarded the first European School of Radiology (ESOR) visiting MSK scholarship for South Africa, and spent 3 months at the University Hospital of Strasbourg from 15 September - 15 December 2010.) As the bulk of the work was interventional and a small component diagnostic and predominantly spine imaging, Professor Gangi arranged in the second month for me to spend 2 days a week at the sister hospital in Hautpierre, under the tutelage of Dr Jean-Claude Dosch, an esteemed MSK radiologist with over 30 years’ experience in the field. keywords: course; msk; radiology cache: sajr-347.pdf plain text: sajr-347.txt item: #665 of 946 id: sajr-35 author: van der Merwe, DJ; Andronikou, S; Vlok, GJ; Dekker, G; Pienaar, M; Hlongwane, S; Brandt, A title: Elbow fracture in a child date: 2007-11-27 words: 563 flesch: 55 summary: Elbow dislocation with lateral condyle fracture in children. MRI, as demonstrated in this patient, is an excellent modality to obtain the diagnosis of separation of the distal humeral epiphysis and avoid misdiagnosis of dislocated elbow when the elbow epiphyses are largely unossified. keywords: elbow; epiphysis cache: sajr-35.pdf plain text: sajr-35.txt item: #666 of 946 id: sajr-351 author: None title: editorial.html date: None words: 683 flesch: 32 summary: With articles chosen as those most appropriate to developing nations and medically underserved areas, GO RAD helps to increase the visi-bility and global outreach of co-operating journals and the authors of selected articles, as well as to bring together senior editors of the sponsoring organisations. An example from SAJR Vol. 15 No. 3 is: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) - a rare entity http://www.sajr.org.za/index.php/sajr/article/view/344   Eric Stern states the following in his invitation: ‘In summary, although your journal is open access, we warmly welcome you and your publisher to be active participants and stake-holders in GO RAD, helping us to create a more valuable and coordinated global outreach effort.’   keywords: journal; radiology cache: sajr-351.htm plain text: sajr-351.txt item: #667 of 946 id: sajr-352 author: None title: FAST.html date: None words: 3365 flesch: 49 summary: Peer-reviewed literature demonstrates increasing support for the use of focused abdominal sonography in trauma (FAST) in the setting of blunt trauma, one study demonstrating the sensitivity and specificity of FAST for the detection of free fluid to be 0.64 - 0.98 and 0.86 - 1.00, respectively, compared with abdominal CT. Future direction This study should be repeated in a prospective, randomised manner, where the control group is triaged according to current protocol and an intervention group receives abdominal CT. keywords: fast; findings; fluid; injury; patients; radiation; trauma; ultrasound cache: sajr-352.htm plain text: sajr-352.txt item: #668 of 946 id: sajr-353 author: None title: Estimation.html date: None words: 2961 flesch: 38 summary: The aim of the study was to evaluate the dose delivered to the various groups of radiation workers as a result of external exposure to ionising radiation and to compare the results with dose limits stated by international safety standards.5 , 6 Materials and methods This study was carried out over one year by monitoring occupationally exposed individuals working at medical institutions that agreed to participate in the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Project RAF/9/033 on Medical Exposure Control.12 A list of medical radiation workers indicating job group and age was submitted by each participating hospital. Distribution of annual dose among medical radiation workers by dose range. keywords: dose; exposure; kenya; medical; msv; protection; radiation; safety; workers cache: sajr-353.htm plain text: sajr-353.txt item: #669 of 946 id: sajr-354 author: None title: Uterine.html date: None words: 2623 flesch: 49 summary: Meta-analyses comparing results of HSG and laparoscopy and dye test for the diagnosis of tubal pathology demonstrated that over one-third of the tubes found to be occluded at laparoscopy and dye test showed patency at HSG.8 Therefore, it could be said that the diagnosis of tubal occlusion can not be made with absolute certainty unless it is checked and probably confirmed by HSG, unless it is argued that the actual procedure of one or the other procedure was instrumental in affecting tubal patency, owing to the actual hydrostatic pressure exerted on the tubes during the procedure. A variety of investigation modalities are available that include hysterosalpingography (HSG), laparoscopic dye hydrotubation, hysterosalpingo contrast sonography (HyCoSy), selective salpingography, MR hysterosalpingography with an angiographic time-resolved 3D pulse sequence, radiography/MRI, 2D HyCoSy with contrast-tuned imaging, and falloposcopy.2 Traditionally, HSG and laparoscopy with dye have been used in the diagnosis of tubal pathology. keywords: hsg; hysterosalpingography; infertility; laparoscopy; occlusion; pathology; tubal cache: sajr-354.htm plain text: sajr-354.txt item: #670 of 946 id: sajr-355 author: None title: NORMAL.html date: None words: 2847 flesch: 58 summary: NORMAL.html Normal variance in renal size in relation to body habitus Werner S Harmse, MB ChB Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein Corresponding author: W Harmse (wsharmse@mweb.co.za) Abstract Objective. A secondary aim was to evaluate the relationship of renal size to gender and race. keywords: body; habitus; kidney; renal; size cache: sajr-355.htm plain text: sajr-355.txt item: #671 of 946 id: sajr-356 author: None title: Metastatic.html date: None words: 1041 flesch: 57 summary: Distinguishing between a primary GI mucosal melanoma and melanoma metastases to the GI tract from an unknown or regressed cutaneous primary may be difficult.2 , 4 The most common sites of metastases are lymph nodes (73%) and lung (71%), followed by the liver, brain, bone and adrenal glands; GI metastasis stands at 43%. Primary melanoma of the GI tract is rarely diagnosed at an early stage. keywords: bowel; melanoma; tract cache: sajr-356.htm plain text: sajr-356.txt item: #672 of 946 id: sajr-357 author: None title: MYSTERY.html date: None words: 1233 flesch: 54 summary: Breast metastasis from uterine leiomyosarcoma: Breast metastasis from uterine leiomyosarcoma: keywords: breast; fig; leiomyosarcomatosis cache: sajr-357.htm plain text: sajr-357.txt item: #673 of 946 id: sajr-358 author: None title: the radiological.html date: None words: 1704 flesch: 45 summary: Both our patients presented post-chemotherapy with cystic pulmonary lesions and, in the case of the ETT patient, bilateral pneumothoraces appeared as a result of ruptured cavitations. Malignant lesions, including metastases, rarely present as cystic lesions; we report on two such cases: a man with advanced carcinoma of the left testis, and a woman with epithelioid trophoblastic tumour. Discussion. keywords: cystic; lesions; lung; tumour cache: sajr-358.htm plain text: sajr-358.txt item: #674 of 946 id: sajr-359 author: None title: RADIOGRAPHIC.html date: None words: 2097 flesch: 49 summary: Differential diagnoses for bilateral symmetrical enlargement of the mandibular rami and anterior symphyseal lesions include ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, cherubism, torus, osteosarcoma and chronic osteomyelitis, but associated syndactyly is absent.8 Bilateral basal ganglia calcification is also present in Fahr syndrome, but it occurs between the age of 30 and 35 years of age. Differential diagnoses include a wide number of syndromes that present with skeletal, ocular, dental and neurological manifestations. keywords: abnormalities; dysplasia; med; oddd; syndrome cache: sajr-359.htm plain text: sajr-359.txt item: #675 of 946 id: sajr-36 author: du Plessis, J; Andronikou, S; Hayes, M; Mapukata, A title: Radiological features of simple (unicameral) bone cysts date: 2007-11-27 words: 986 flesch: 61 summary: Simple bone cysts of the pelvis in adolescents. This is typical for simple bone cysts. keywords: bone; cysts; report; unicameral cache: sajr-36.pdf plain text: sajr-36.txt item: #676 of 946 id: sajr-360 author: None title: upper.html date: None words: 1117 flesch: 52 summary: Summary Two patients who sustained severe blunt injury to the pelvis without external injury to the upper abdomen or lower chest, yet who were found to have a ruptured solid upper abdominal viscus, are reported. An overview of the pathophysiology of gunshot and blast injury with resuscitation guidelines. keywords: injury; patient; pelvis cache: sajr-360.htm plain text: sajr-360.txt item: #677 of 946 id: sajr-361 author: None title: the dural.html date: None words: 677 flesch: 51 summary: It was therefore proposed that dural tails represented reactive changes to the dura mater, adjacent to but not in contiguity with the tumour.4 Hypervascular meningiomas result in additional adjacent reactive changes such as hyperostosis to adjacent bone. The dural tail sign is thought to have a 60 - 72% specificity for the diagnosis of meningioma.3 It was initially proposed that dural tails resulted from direct tumour invasion, but investigators have not been able to demonstrate direct tumour involvement. keywords: sign; tail cache: sajr-361.htm plain text: sajr-361.txt item: #678 of 946 id: sajr-362 author: None title: Experiences.html date: None words: 3477 flesch: 67 summary: Our previous protocol for scanning the urinary tract for pathology included four phases: a pre-contrast, corticomedullary, nephrographic and delay excretory phase. A repeat scoutview is taken, a new scan planned, and the next 2 phases of contrast are set up to inject via the automated pump, and injected as follows: 6. keywords: bladder; contrast; fig; scan; sec cache: sajr-362.htm plain text: sajr-362.txt item: #679 of 946 id: sajr-363 author: None title: RADIOACTIVE.html date: None words: 3129 flesch: 45 summary: He also cited the Society’s highly successful Conference Programme convened by Professor Leon Janse van Rensburg, which had culminated in the formation of the RSSA’s CME Fund, from which the national library donations had been made. The active congress programme organised by Professor Leon Janse van Rensburg is anticipated to cover major areas of the syllabus over a 4 - 5-year cycle, giving all radiologists, and particularly those in training, the opportunity to continually update knowledge with renowned international speakers visiting South Africa. keywords: africa; course; imaging; professor; radiologists; radiology; rssa; society; south cache: sajr-363.htm plain text: sajr-363.txt item: #680 of 946 id: sajr-364 author: None title: paediatric neuropatho.html date: None words: 882 flesch: 45 summary: Table I. White matter diseases according to cellular organelle involved Lysosomal storage diseases with white matter involvement Peroxisomal disorders Mitochondrial dysfunction with leukoencephalopathy Other white matter dysmyelinating disorders Metchromatic leukodystrophy Zellweger syndrome Leigh disease Canavan disease Krabbe disease X-Linked adrenoleukodystrophy MELAS Alexander disease Niemann-Pick disease Neonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) MERRF Congenital muscular dystrophy (Fukuyama) After gadolinium administration, symmetrical cranial nerve enhancement was demonstrated of the optic, oculomotor and trigeminal nerves. keywords: disease; krabbe; matter; white cache: sajr-364.htm plain text: sajr-364.txt item: #681 of 946 id: sajr-365 author: None title: paediatric vascular.html date: None words: 180 flesch: 67 summary: paediatric vascular.html Paediatric vascular imaging S K Misser, MB ChB, FCRad (D) SA Lake Smit and Partners, Durban J N Narsai, MB ChB, FC Paed SA Crompton Hospital, Durban Corresponding author: S Misser (misser@lakesmit.co.za) Presentation An early neonate presented with stridor, and the following images were obtained. Figs 1 and 2 are axial post-contrast CT angiogram images at the level of the aortic arch. keywords: fig cache: sajr-365.htm plain text: sajr-365.txt item: #682 of 946 id: sajr-366 author: Fani, Gertrude title: CPD Questionnaire date: 2011-12-07 words: 1090 flesch: 57 summary: The mechanics are that GO RAD simply places hyperlinks from the selected GO RAD articles back to the respective home journal. B. Symptomatic metastasis to the GI tract is seen in 20% of patients. keywords: following cache: sajr-366.pdf plain text: sajr-366.txt item: #683 of 946 id: sajr-369 author: Scholtz, Leonie title: Cardiovascular Imaging in South Africa date: 2011-08-15 words: 1291 flesch: 38 summary: Renewed interest in cardiovascular imaging among radiologists in South Africa, and the possible establishment of a fellowship in cardiac imaging locally, would naturally assist in enhancing our credibility. Peripheral angiography, however, historically belonged to radiology, and imaging of the carotid, renal and peripheral vessels simply became non-invasive procedures, performed in the radiology department and referred by vascular surgeons, physicians and neurosurgeons. keywords: heart; imaging; radiologists; radiology cache: sajr-369.pdf plain text: sajr-369.txt item: #684 of 946 id: sajr-37 author: Bajwa, Ak; Briede, A title: The 'fat' C2 sign date: 2007-11-27 words: 581 flesch: 59 summary: Gradient recalled echo (GRE) sequences are much more susceptible to flow artifacts than spin echo (SE) sequences Thus pulsation artifact can be used as a diagnostic clue, especially in musculoskeletal imaging where it is normally not that marked. keywords: fig cache: sajr-37.pdf plain text: sajr-37.txt item: #685 of 946 id: sajr-370 author: Korir, Geoffrey K; Wambani, Jeska Sidika; Korir, Ian K title: Establishing a quality assurance baseline for radiological protection of patients undergoing diagnostic radiology date: 2011-08-15 words: 4187 flesch: 45 summary: Analysis of the measured quality control results indicated that X-ray equipment performance in the 4 hospitals can be ranked as follows: hospital 4 – 90%, hospital 1 – 80%, hospital 2 – 70%, and hospital 3 – 67%. X-ray equipment performance can be improved by training, establishing a QA programme and not relying on QC tests performed by service and maintenance engineers alone. keywords: dose; equipment; film; hospital; pass; pass pass; patient; quality; ray; results cache: sajr-370.pdf plain text: sajr-370.txt item: #686 of 946 id: sajr-371 author: Ebrahim, Zaeem Ismail; Lockhat, Zarina Ismail; Ismail, Farzanah title: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) - a rare entity date: 2011-08-15 words: 1188 flesch: 43 summary: SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • September 2011 79 REVIEW ARTICLE Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) – a rare entity Zaeem I Ebrahim, MB BCh Farzanah Ismail, FCRad (D) (SA) Department of Radiology, University of Pretoria Corresponding author: Z Ebrahim (zaeem@iafrica.com) Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare complication of mucinous tumours of appendiceal or ovarian origin that results in peritoneal and omental implants. keywords: mucin; peritoneal; pmp; pseudomyxoma; radiology cache: sajr-371.pdf plain text: sajr-371.txt item: #687 of 946 id: sajr-372 author: Suleman, Farhana Ebrahim; Scheepers, Pieter Albrecht title: Multiple skeletal lesions and pleural effusion owing to Histoplasma capsulatum infection in an immunocompetent patient from a non-endemic region date: 2011-08-15 words: 1260 flesch: 53 summary: Pleural effusion and skeletal lesions are both rare manifestations of H. capsulatum infection. None of the radiographic findings raised any suspicion of H. capsulatum infection, and it was thanks to the astute histopathologist that the diagnosis was made. keywords: capsulatum; fig; infection; lesions cache: sajr-372.pdf plain text: sajr-372.txt item: #688 of 946 id: sajr-373 author: Scholtz, Leonie; Van Tonder, Reinier title: Arrythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy date: 2011-08-15 words: 2707 flesch: 47 summary: Discussion The term arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia was first used by Frank et al. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy: a review. keywords: arvd; criteria; fatty; right; ventricular; wall cache: sajr-373.pdf plain text: sajr-373.txt item: #689 of 946 id: sajr-374 author: Cantrell, John title: Iatrogenic injury of an aberrant right posterior sectoral bile duct date: 2011-08-15 words: 722 flesch: 54 summary: cbd=common bile duct, cd=cystic duct, chd=common hepatic duct, rhd=right hepatic duct, lhd=left hepatic duct, rasd=right anterior sectoral duct, rpsd=right posterior sectoral duct. Fig. Undiagnosed aberrant bile ducts are a common cause of bile duct injury.2 The incidence of aberrant biliary anatomy is approximately 13 - 25%, with anomalies of the right ducts being the most frequent.2-4 Aberrant right sectoral ducts usually drain into the common hepatic or cystic duct (Fig. 4). keywords: bile; duct; hepatic cache: sajr-374.pdf plain text: sajr-374.txt item: #690 of 946 id: sajr-375 author: Mahomed, Nasreen; Malatji, Phaku; Andronikou, Savvas; Modi, Mala; Nagdee, I A title: Endovascular embolisation of a cervical spinal AVF in a patient with NF1 date: 2011-08-15 words: 1486 flesch: 40 summary: Endovascular techniques is the first-line management for cervical spinal AVFs, but may need to be performed in combination with surgery for large fistulae with multiple collateral feeders, as described in this patient. Management of spinal AVFs can be endovascular or surgical. keywords: artery; nf1; spinal; vertebral cache: sajr-375.pdf plain text: sajr-375.txt item: #691 of 946 id: sajr-376 author: Moller, Jacobus; Basson, J I; Duminy, J L; Potgieter, E title: Recurrent primary fallopian tube carcinoma presenting with an appendiceal metastasis date: 2011-08-15 words: 616 flesch: 55 summary: 94 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • September 2011 PICTORIAL INTERLUDE Recurrent primary fallopian tube carcinoma presenting with an appendiceal metastasis J S Möller, FCNP J I Basson, MMed (Rad D) Free State PET/CT Centre, Bloemfontein J L Duminy, MMed (Rad Onc) Wilmed Park Oncology Centre, Bloemfontein E Potgieter, FC Path (Anat) Oncologist 2006;11:902-912. 3. Riska A, Leminen A. Updating on primary fallopian tube carcinoma. keywords: carcinoma; tube; tumour cache: sajr-376.pdf plain text: sajr-376.txt item: #692 of 946 id: sajr-377 author: Mahomed, Nasreen; Sewchuran, Tanusha title: The fat halo sign date: 2011-08-15 words: 1136 flesch: 41 summary: The sign represents a thromboembolus within a segmental branch of the MCA, M2 or M3 segment, located within the sylvian fissure.3 As the M2 and M3 segmental vessels tend not to course in the transverse plane of imaging, the occluded vessel is seen in cross section, appearing as a hyperattenuating dot within the sylvian fissure.3 While the HMCA sign and MCA dot sign are similar in that they both depict thromboembolus at different levels of the MCA, there are important clinical and prognostic distinctions. HMCA sign. keywords: fat; halo; sign cache: sajr-377.pdf plain text: sajr-377.txt item: #693 of 946 id: sajr-378 author: Mahomed, Nasreen title: The hyperdense MCA sign and the MCA dot sign date: 2011-08-15 words: 997 flesch: 48 summary: The sign represents a thromboembolus within a segmental branch of the MCA, M2 or M3 segment, located within the sylvian fissure.3 As the M2 and M3 segmental vessels tend not to course in the transverse plane of imaging, the occluded vessel is seen in cross section, appearing as a hyperattenuating dot within the sylvian fissure.3 While the HMCA sign and MCA dot sign are similar in that they both depict thromboembolus at different levels of the MCA, there are important clinical and prognostic distinctions. Jha B, Kothari M. Pearls & Oysters: Hyperdense or pseudohyperdense MCA sign: A Damocles sword? keywords: fat; mca; sign cache: sajr-378.pdf plain text: sajr-378.txt item: #694 of 946 id: sajr-379 author: Mercouris, P; Scheepers, S title: Radioactive news date: 2011-08-15 words: 1021 flesch: 44 summary: The latter is especially promising, as it enables extra-low dose imaging with minimal loss in image quality. Highlights included an excellent session on breast imaging and what the radiologist should report on. keywords: imaging; mri; patients; radiology cache: sajr-379.pdf plain text: sajr-379.txt item: #695 of 946 id: sajr-38 author: Bajwa, AK title: The pulsation sign date: 2007-11-27 words: 581 flesch: 59 summary: Gradient recalled echo (GRE) sequences are much more susceptible to flow artifacts than spin echo (SE) sequences Thus pulsation artifact can be used as a diagnostic clue, especially in musculoskeletal imaging where it is normally not that marked. keywords: fig cache: sajr-38.pdf plain text: sajr-38.txt item: #696 of 946 id: sajr-380 author: Misser, S K title: Arm pain after syncope: Diagnosis date: 2011-08-15 words: 772 flesch: 47 summary: There are numerous radiographic features of hyperparathyroidism (see Table I). Table I. Radiographic features of hyperparathyroidism and common sites at which they occur Radiographic feature Common sites 1. keywords: fig; hyperparathyroidism; osteodystrophy cache: sajr-380.pdf plain text: sajr-380.txt item: #697 of 946 id: sajr-381 author: Misser, S K; Roos, J F title: Paediatric neuropathology date: 2011-08-15 words: 167 flesch: 58 summary: QUIZ CASE SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • September 2011 101 Paediatric neuropathology S K Misser, MB ChB, FCRad (D) Lake Smit and Partners, Durban J F Roos, MB ChB, MMed (Paed) Parklands Hospital, Durban Corresponding author: S Misser (shalendramisser@hotmail.com) keywords: figs cache: sajr-381.pdf plain text: sajr-381.txt item: #698 of 946 id: sajr-382 author: Essentials Course, RSSA MDCT title: RSSA MDCT Essentials Course 2011 date: 2011-08-15 words: 2054 flesch: 35 summary: An atypical appearance of pulmonary metastases Jacqueline du Toit (Stellenbosch University Radiology Department, Tygerberg Hospital), Pieter Barnardt (Clinical Oncology, Tygerberg Hospital) Adequacy of paediatric renal tract ultrasound Nishentha Govender (University of the Witwatersrand) The many faces of lymphobronchial TB Susan Lucas, Savvas Andronikou (University of the Witwatersrand), Pierre Goussard, Robert Gie (University Stellenbosch) keywords: cardiac; hospital; imaging; patients; radiology; university; witwatersrand cache: sajr-382.pdf plain text: sajr-382.txt item: #699 of 946 id: sajr-383 author: Fani, Gertrude title: CPD Questionnaire date: 2011-08-15 words: 1002 flesch: 45 summary: B. African histoplasmosis is attributed to H. duboisii infection which most commonly occurs between the Sahara and Kalahari Deserts. C. The most common site of infection is bone, but it can also involve skin. C. Chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis resembles tuberculosis. keywords: following cache: sajr-383.pdf plain text: sajr-383.txt item: #700 of 946 id: sajr-4 author: None title: SAJR 864 date: None words: 4748 flesch: 52 summary: Superior vena cava obstruction: A venographic classification. Superior vena cava obstruction: A venographic classification. keywords: cava; obstruction; patients; stent; superior; svc; tumour; vena cache: sajr-4.htm plain text: sajr-4.txt item: #701 of 946 id: sajr-40 author: Modi, Mala title: The future impact of the SAJR date: 2007-11-27 words: 932 flesch: 47 summary: The IF of a journal is deter- mined by the number of times a particular journal is cited over a given period – usually a 3-year period.2 Although the IF has created controversy in many circles, one has to bear in mind that in some countries it is used to evaluate grant applications, staff promotions, job applications, and bonuses.3,4 The controversies are largely based on inherent biases in the system which include English language preference; review articles (being more citable than case reports, so if a journal does not publish case reports it automatically becomes more citable, e.g. the American Journal of Radiology); free journals – for obvious reasons; longer articles; and of course the poor yield of citations from regional journals with highly specialised topics, for example Antarctic Science.1,5 Basic science journals usually carry a high impact factor (Nature has an IF of 27.0740), whereas the clinical journals less so. Dr Humza Carim, a first-year radiology registrar from Johannesburg, together with the Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital Interventional Radiology Department, has described our experiences with bronchial artery embolisation for massive haemoptysis. keywords: faculty; impact; journal; radiology cache: sajr-40.pdf plain text: sajr-40.txt item: #702 of 946 id: sajr-41 author: Vorster, Merryll title: Hello from the Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits! date: 2007-11-27 words: 932 flesch: 47 summary: The IF of a journal is deter- mined by the number of times a particular journal is cited over a given period – usually a 3-year period.2 Although the IF has created controversy in many circles, one has to bear in mind that in some countries it is used to evaluate grant applications, staff promotions, job applications, and bonuses.3,4 The controversies are largely based on inherent biases in the system which include English language preference; review articles (being more citable than case reports, so if a journal does not publish case reports it automatically becomes more citable, e.g. the American Journal of Radiology); free journals – for obvious reasons; longer articles; and of course the poor yield of citations from regional journals with highly specialised topics, for example Antarctic Science.1,5 Basic science journals usually carry a high impact factor (Nature has an IF of 27.0740), whereas the clinical journals less so. Dr Humza Carim, a first-year radiology registrar from Johannesburg, together with the Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital Interventional Radiology Department, has described our experiences with bronchial artery embolisation for massive haemoptysis. keywords: faculty; impact; journal; radiology cache: sajr-41.pdf plain text: sajr-41.txt item: #703 of 946 id: sajr-42 author: Braude, SC; Henning, LM; Lambert, MI title: Accuracy of bone assessments for verifying age in adolescents - application in sport date: 2007-11-27 words: 2771 flesch: 58 summary: The limits of agreement between chronological age and skeletal age were -2.4 - 1.4 years. Relationship between the deviations between chronological age and skeletal age and percentiles for body mass (a) and stature (b). keywords: age; mass; radiologists; stature; subject; years cache: sajr-42.pdf plain text: sajr-42.txt item: #704 of 946 id: sajr-421 author: Lotz, Jan title: The state of academic radiology in South Africa in 2010 date: 2010-06-07 words: 679 flesch: 58 summary: The Frank Doyle Medal is a personal achievement, but I believe that it also represents the state of excellence of radiology in South Africa. Dr Janse van Rensburg’s achievement is equally a great achievement for South African radiology. keywords: radiology; south cache: sajr-421.pdf plain text: sajr-421.txt item: #705 of 946 id: sajr-422 author: Rabie, J A; Otto, S; le Roux, A J title: Is computed tomography of the brain necessary in patients with clinically suspected depressed skull fracture and no focal neurological deficit? date: 2010-06-07 words: 3000 flesch: 55 summary: As a predictor of outcome, scores of 13 to 15 are considered to correspond with mild injury, 9 to 12 with moderate injury and 8 or lower with severe injury.1-3 Since the advent of computed tomography (CT) scans in the early 1970s, the demand from emergency room physicians for CT scans for minor head injury patients is a routine practice, although most of these investigations are normal and fewer than 1% of patients require neurosurgery.4,5 It is not known how many CT scans are done in South Africa but, according to one estimate in the USA, even a 10% reduction in the number of CT scans in patients with minor head injuries would save more than $20 million per year.6 Over the past decade, numerous studies have investigated and attempted to regulate the utility of head CT in patients with minor head injury, such as the New Orleans criteria, the Canadian CT head rule and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) head injury guidelines. Early and late outcome in head injury patients with radiological evidence of brain damage. keywords: brain; gcs; head; injury; pathology; patients; scans; skull cache: sajr-422.pdf plain text: sajr-422.txt item: #706 of 946 id: sajr-423 author: Ahmed, Aadil title: Multimodality imaging and interventional management of a complex congenital vascular malformation date: 2010-06-07 words: 2059 flesch: 38 summary: Colour Doppler ultrasound shows vascular malformation (arrow) displacing spleen inferiorly. Vascular malformations are congenital lesions of vascular dysmor- phogenesis, are always present at birth, and enlarge in proportion to the growth of the child. keywords: case; fig; imaging; malformation; report; vascular cache: sajr-423.pdf plain text: sajr-423.txt item: #707 of 946 id: sajr-424 author: Dahya, V title: Infra-cardiac totally anomalous pulmonary venous drainage date: 2010-06-07 words: 872 flesch: 40 summary: The pulmonary pattern on the earliest radiographs was difficult to definitively diagnose but, with serial radiographs, it became clear that the radiographic pattern was that of pulmonary venous congestion (pulmonary oedema). Recognising pulmonary venous congestion without cardiac enlargement is a difficult radiological assessment but, when recognised, the diagnosis of infra- cardiac TAPVD can be strongly suggested. keywords: cardiac; pulmonary; tapvd cache: sajr-424.pdf plain text: sajr-424.txt item: #708 of 946 id: sajr-425 author: Suleman, Farhana Ebrahim; Kisansa, Margaret title: Imaging of a rare disorder: macrodystrophia lipomatosa date: 2010-06-07 words: 2086 flesch: 62 summary: Soft tissues are lucent, suggestive of fat. Clinically, there was marked increase in soft tissue of the entire right lower limb. keywords: case; fat; limb; mdl; radiation; tissue cache: sajr-425.pdf plain text: sajr-425.txt item: #709 of 946 id: sajr-426 author: Tipler, Bradley M title: Straight talking on CT scanning date: 2010-06-07 words: 2086 flesch: 62 summary: Soft tissues are lucent, suggestive of fat. Clinically, there was marked increase in soft tissue of the entire right lower limb. keywords: case; fat; limb; mdl; radiation; tissue cache: sajr-426.pdf plain text: sajr-426.txt item: #710 of 946 id: sajr-427 author: Emby, D J title: Radiologists and radiographers must remain the custodians of diagnostic radiation date: 2010-06-07 words: 730 flesch: 45 summary: In raising the alarm against what appears to be an unbelievably irresponsible move by the HPCSA (which appears bent on removing all control over diagnostic radiation in South Africa) at a time when the rest of the world is tightening control, the editorial surely speaks not only for the Radiological Society but for the entire radiological fraternity in South Africa. These hearings were prompted by a rising tide of articles in the medical literature drawing attention to the danger posed by the increasing use of ionising radiation in medical diagnostic imaging, mainly a result of an explosive increase in the number of CT scans that are performed annually. keywords: medical; radiation cache: sajr-427.pdf plain text: sajr-427.txt item: #711 of 946 id: sajr-428 author: van Niekerk, JP title: The HPCSA and radiology date: 2010-06-07 words: 730 flesch: 45 summary: In raising the alarm against what appears to be an unbelievably irresponsible move by the HPCSA (which appears bent on removing all control over diagnostic radiation in South Africa) at a time when the rest of the world is tightening control, the editorial surely speaks not only for the Radiological Society but for the entire radiological fraternity in South Africa. These hearings were prompted by a rising tide of articles in the medical literature drawing attention to the danger posed by the increasing use of ionising radiation in medical diagnostic imaging, mainly a result of an explosive increase in the number of CT scans that are performed annually. keywords: medical; radiation cache: sajr-428.pdf plain text: sajr-428.txt item: #712 of 946 id: sajr-429 author: Misser, S K title: Abdominal imaging - findings and diagnosis date: 2010-06-07 words: 565 flesch: 40 summary: Tc-99m pertechnetate (Meckel scan) scintigraphy has an overall diagnostic accuracy of 90% in MD with ectopic gastric mucosa,1 but has been less utilised with multi-slice CT advances prompting improved detection on CT scan. Other differential diagnoses include inflammatory bowel disease, colitis, typhlitis, carcinoid or other bowel tumour, and pelvic inflammatory disease in females. keywords: mass; meckel cache: sajr-429.pdf plain text: sajr-429.txt item: #713 of 946 id: sajr-43 author: Carim, I; Carim, H; Modi, M title: Bronchial artery embolisation for the treatment of massive haemoptysis resulting from pulmonary tuberculosis date: 2007-11-27 words: 2378 flesch: 50 summary: Bronchial artery embolisation for the treatment of massive haemoptysis resulting from pulmonary tuberculosis I Carim, MB BCh, FCRad(D) H Carim, MB BCh, DCH (SA) M Modi, MB BCh, MMed, FCRad(D) Division of Radiology, Department of Radiation Sciences, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital and the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Table I. PTB and HIV status Pulmonary tuberculosis status Retroviral status CD4 counts (cells/mm3) Bronchial artery embolisation for haemoptysis: immediate and long-term results. keywords: bronchial; embolisation; haemoptysis; left; lobe; patients cache: sajr-43.pdf plain text: sajr-43.txt item: #714 of 946 id: sajr-430 author: Misser, S K title: Musculoskeletal diagnosis - new case date: 2010-06-07 words: 151 flesch: 73 summary: Unenhanced axial MRI images with T1-weighted (Fig. 2a) and T2-weighted (Fig. 2b) sequences. Unenhanced sagittal MRI with T1-weighted (Fig. 1a), T2-weighted (Fig.1b) and T2-weighted (Fig. 1c) sequences. keywords: fig cache: sajr-430.pdf plain text: sajr-430.txt item: #715 of 946 id: sajr-431 author: Sperryn, C title: Radioactive News date: 2010-06-07 words: 1329 flesch: 49 summary: RADIOACTIVE NEWS Professor Zarina Lockhat and Dr David Stoller (Photo: Dr Hein Els, TBH) Professor Leon Janse van Rensburg achieved the near-incredible: firstly, in getting Dr David Stoller (MD, FACR), the internationally renowned San Francisco musculoskeletal radiologist, to agree to lecture outside the USA, and secondly, in actually getting Dr Stoller to Cape Town despite high drama and acute stress initiated by the British Airways strike – the start had to be rescheduled to accommodate the arrival of the BA flight. keywords: course; professor; rssa; stoller cache: sajr-431.pdf plain text: sajr-431.txt item: #716 of 946 id: sajr-435 author: Lotz, Jan title: Radiation free-for-all is imminent date: 2010-03-11 words: 585 flesch: 42 summary: Properly trained specialists in imaging diagnosis, radiation protection and the process of weighing the potential hazards of ionising radiation against diagnostic gain, constantly ensure our international rating. A unilateral process has been instituted by the HPCSA to embark on opening the diagnostic use of ionising radiation to all medical disciplines (specialist and non-specialist). keywords: process; radiation cache: sajr-435.pdf plain text: sajr-435.txt item: #717 of 946 id: sajr-436 author: Perumal, Nalini Sindy; Willy Vangu, Mboyo-Di-Tamba Heben title: Radioiodine therapy in skeletal metastases from well-differentiated thyroid cancer: a Johannesburg experience date: 2010-03-11 words: 2991 flesch: 62 summary: The methods used more than 15 years ago for diagnosis and treatment differ from present-day management.2 More recent stud- ies show that survival drops to 13 - 21% when bone metastases are pres- ent.3-5 Bone metastases represent a frequent complication, especially of follicular thyroid cancer, and severely reduce quality of life, causing pain, fractures and spinal cord compression. Seven patients died – 4 from neurological disease directly associated with bone metastases. keywords: metastases; patients; ray; thyroid; thyroxine cache: sajr-436.pdf plain text: sajr-436.txt item: #718 of 946 id: sajr-437 author: Joubert, C J title: A metal foreign body pulmonary embolism date: 2010-03-11 words: 549 flesch: 61 summary: Surgical treatment of post traumatic foreign bodies in the heart and great vessels. A CT scan of the chest confirmed a piece of metal in a pulmonary artery to the left lower lobe. keywords: metal; pelvis cache: sajr-437.pdf plain text: sajr-437.txt item: #719 of 946 id: sajr-438 author: Misser, Shalendra Kumar; Royston, Duncan; Motala, Farhana; Coetzee, Christo title: The enigma of reversible spinal lesions date: 2010-03-11 words: 1606 flesch: 49 summary: With increasing use of MRI scanning in patients with epilepsy, encephalitis or other causes of encephalopathy, increasing numbers of reversible SCC lesions have been described. Whether the SCC contributes to secondary generalisation is a controversial hypothesis equally supported and refuted by various authors.3,4 Anticonvulsant therapies have also been shown to be a pos- sible cause leading to SCC lesion development.5 keywords: callosum; corpus; lesion; mri; scc; splenium cache: sajr-438.pdf plain text: sajr-438.txt item: #720 of 946 id: sajr-439 author: Horn, A R; Nel, A; Urban, M F title: Bilateral periventricular nodular heterotopia – neonatal cranial ultrasound. date: 2010-03-11 words: 599 flesch: 51 summary: Antenatal ultrasound (US) performed at 28 weeks’ gestation showed mild lateral cerebral ventricle dilatation, but no other fetal anomalies. Bilateral.indd 13 2/26/10 9:47:47 AM PICTORIAL INTERLUDE PICTORIAL INTERLUDE 14 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • March 2010 than 50% of cases, is due to mutations of the X-linked Filamin A gene.2 Most affected females develop seizures, with variable age of onset and type. keywords: fig; scan cache: sajr-439.pdf plain text: sajr-439.txt item: #721 of 946 id: sajr-44 author: Sharma, V; Gumbi, DN; Mbhele, M; Donde, B title: Comparison of barium and gastrograffin swallow for radiation therapy planning in carcinoma of the oesophagus date: 2007-11-27 words: 1551 flesch: 48 summary: Gastrograffin has been used for diagnosis of dissecting intramural haematoma in patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus following chemotherapy5 as well as to rule out the leaks following surgery.6 Levine et al.7 reported 96% accuracy in diagnosing or suspecting a diagnosis of carcinoma of the oesophagus using barium as contrast medium. The purpose of this prospective study was to compare barium sulphate and gastrograffin as two contrast mediums in simula- tion for delineation of exact site and length of lesion and to analyse the cost of the materials used. keywords: barium; contrast; gastrograffin; oesophagus; patients cache: sajr-44.pdf plain text: sajr-44.txt item: #722 of 946 id: sajr-440 author: Khan, Nausheen; van de Werke, Irma; Ismail, Farzanah title: Neurofibromatosis revisited: A pictorial review date: 2010-03-11 words: 3619 flesch: 56 summary: Frontal chest X-ray showing multiple cutaneous neurofibromas pro- jecting over the lung fields and a posterior mediastinal mass on the left. Fig. 12b. Fig 7a. → → → → → → → → ORIGINAL ARTICLEORIGINAL ARTICLE 18e SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • March 2010 Fig 7b. keywords: article; fig; journal; march; neurofibromas; neurofibromatosis; nf1; radiology cache: sajr-440.pdf plain text: sajr-440.txt item: #723 of 946 id: sajr-441 author: Rakotoarivelo, R A; Razafimahefa, S H; Ramanalimanana, P; Ranoharison, D; Johnson, A D; Rakotoarimanana, S title: Large uncomplicated hydropneumopericardium date: 2010-03-11 words: 433 flesch: 33 summary: PICTORIAL ESSAY A 45-year-old Malagasy man, with a 2-month medical history of chronic pericarditis, presented to the Department of Cardiology at Joseph Raseta Hospital with cardiac tamponade. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2006; 29: 422-424. 3. Kabukcu M, Demircioglu F, Yanik E, Basarici I, Ersel F. Pericardial tamponade and large pericardial effu- sion: causal and efficacy of percutaneous catheter drainage in 50 patients. keywords: cardiac; hydropneumopericardium cache: sajr-441.pdf plain text: sajr-441.txt item: #724 of 946 id: sajr-442 author: Misser, S K title: Cranial MIR: findings and diagnosis date: 2010-03-11 words: 416 flesch: 38 summary: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, part 2: Controversies surrounding patho- physiology of vasogenic edema. Despite several theories, the pathogenesis of vasogenic oedema in PRES is not clear.2 Relative paucity of sympathetic innervation of the ver- tebrobasilar circulation when compared with the internal carotid territo- ries has been suggested as an explanation for the distribution frequently observed. keywords: brain; diagnosis cache: sajr-442.pdf plain text: sajr-442.txt item: #725 of 946 id: sajr-443 author: Misser, S K title: Abdominal imaging diagnosis date: 2010-03-11 words: 126 flesch: 72 summary: Lake Smit and Partners, Durban A 53-year-old woman, of otherwise excellent health, presented with acute abdominal pain, severe cramping and vomiting. Axial post-IV contrast CT of abdomen. keywords: fig cache: sajr-443.pdf plain text: sajr-443.txt item: #726 of 946 id: sajr-444 author: van Rensburg, L Janse title: Radioactive news date: 2010-03-11 words: 1734 flesch: 37 summary: However, in patients with TB meningitis IRIS, we found no evidence of more frequent leptomeningeal enhancement, compared with what is described in HIV-1 infected patients with TB meningitis not on ART. Our findings challenge the concept that miliary tuberculosis is only an incidental finding in TBM patients, and suggest that it plays an integral part in the pathogenesis. keywords: cape; iris; lesions; patients; sac; university cache: sajr-444.pdf plain text: sajr-444.txt item: #727 of 946 id: sajr-448 author: Lotz, Jan title: A clarion call to South African Radiology date: 2010-12-07 words: 1677 flesch: 55 summary: To place his piece in context, one has to at least have paged through the special June 2010 edition of Clinical Radiology on molecular imaging (MI).1 The introductory article explains the role of small molecules in the form of peptides or antibodies that are linked to an imaging label and are destined to attach to a tumour antigen. A clarion call to South African Radiology I was delighted and flattered when Jan Lotz invited me to contribute to the South African Journal of Radiology; although, if you were aware of how little I know about molecular imaging (MI – yet another acronym to confuse with MR), you might reasonably be wondering why on earth he approached me. keywords: imaging; journal; radiology; south cache: sajr-448.pdf plain text: sajr-448.txt item: #728 of 946 id: sajr-449 author: Bury, Bob title: Molecular imaging date: 2010-12-07 words: 1677 flesch: 55 summary: To place his piece in context, one has to at least have paged through the special June 2010 edition of Clinical Radiology on molecular imaging (MI).1 The introductory article explains the role of small molecules in the form of peptides or antibodies that are linked to an imaging label and are destined to attach to a tumour antigen. A clarion call to South African Radiology I was delighted and flattered when Jan Lotz invited me to contribute to the South African Journal of Radiology; although, if you were aware of how little I know about molecular imaging (MI – yet another acronym to confuse with MR), you might reasonably be wondering why on earth he approached me. keywords: imaging; journal; radiology; south cache: sajr-449.pdf plain text: sajr-449.txt item: #729 of 946 id: sajr-45 author: du Plessis, V; Andronikou, S title: Is selection for a registrar post in South Africa defined by a preconceived social profile or are candidates selected on academic credentials and work experience? date: 2007-11-27 words: 5019 flesch: 56 summary: Mid-year estimates for South Africa by population group and sex, 2006 Male Female Total Number % of total Number % of total Number % of total Population group population population population African 18 558 500 79.65 19 104 400 79.4 37 662 900 79.5 Coloured 2 060 000 8.8 2 138 800 8.9 4 198 800 8.9 Indian/Asian 570 200 2.4 593 700 2.5 1 163 900 2.5 White 2 138 900 9.2 2 226 400 9.3 4 365 300 9.2 Total 23 327 600 100 24 063 300 100 47 390 900 100 pg18-23.indd 22 6/13/07 9:21:24 AM ORIGINAL ARTICLEORIGINAL ARTICLE 23 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2007 1. South Africa has a unique political history, and as a result there are government directives pro- moting equal opportunities in order to correct the inequalities of the past. keywords: africa; ity; medical; radiology; registrars; results; south cache: sajr-45.pdf plain text: sajr-45.txt item: #730 of 946 id: sajr-450 author: Mohammed, S; Tahir, A; Ahidjo, A; Mustapha, Z; O, Franza title: Sonographic gallbladder wall thickness in normal adult population in Nigeria date: 2010-12-07 words: 3096 flesch: 53 summary: Differences in gallbladder wall thickness were determined using the chi- square test, while the relationship between the ultrasound-measured gallbladder wall thickness and the subjects’ age, sex, height and weight were analysed using the Pearson product moment correlation. There was no correlation between gallbladder wall thickness and age and height of subjects (r=0.34, p<0.09). Conclusion. keywords: age; gallbladder; mean; population; study; subjects; thickness; wall; years cache: sajr-450.pdf plain text: sajr-450.txt item: #731 of 946 id: sajr-451 author: Suleman, F E; Mngomezulu, V; Ebrahim, N title: Uraemic tumoral calcinosis in patients on haemodialysis in the renal unit at Dr George Mukhari Hospital, Pretoria date: 2010-12-07 words: 2751 flesch: 41 summary: but some cases report a degree of bone erosion in extensive calcinosis.8 The differential diagnosis for soft tissue calcifications should include idiopathic tumoral calcinosis, collagen vascular diseases (scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosis and dermatomyositis), myositis ossificans, metabolic causes (hyperparathyroidism) and neoplasms (osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma).1,4 These diseases can usually be differentiated radiologically from uraemic tumoral calcinosis and a biopsy is rarely warranted. Uraemic tumoral calcinosis in patients on haemodialysis in the renal unit at Dr George Mukhari Hospital, Pretoria Abstract Objective. keywords: calcinosis; haemodialysis; months; participants; patients; study; time; tumoral; uraemic cache: sajr-451.pdf plain text: sajr-451.txt item: #732 of 946 id: sajr-452 author: Dahya, Vijay; Spottiswoode, Bruce S title: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging - a pictorial review date: 2010-12-07 words: 2607 flesch: 47 summary: Short axis post-contrast T1 image showing diffuse RV infiltration, confirmed on catheter directed myocardial biopsy to represent primary cardiac lymphoma, bulging into and severely narrowing the RV outflow tract (arrow). Short axis image in cardiac amyloidosis. keywords: arrow; blood; cmr; fig; image; imaging; myocardial; strain; time cache: sajr-452.pdf plain text: sajr-452.txt item: #733 of 946 id: sajr-453 author: du Plessis, Andre Tertius title: Digital teaching files – a useful teaching tool for the modern radiologist date: 2010-12-07 words: 4011 flesch: 44 summary: DTF system software and hardware should be compatible with a variety of image formats and should also seamlessly interface with departmental hardware (and software/PACS) to allow direct transfer of images and DTF case creation.1 Compatibility should be PACS vendor-independent and ideally the interface should be built on the IHE TCE (Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise Teaching File and Clinical Trial Export) protocol. Web interface software is ideal in this situation, minimising software installation on the user PC. Advantages of DTF v. traditional image libraries Several advantages of DTF systems are apparent;3 the most prominent are: • Cost-effectiveness. keywords: cases; dtf; file; images; pacs; radiology; software; system; teaching; use cache: sajr-453.pdf plain text: sajr-453.txt item: #734 of 946 id: sajr-454 author: Scheepers, Shaun; Andronikou, Savvas title: Beware the bifid rib! date: 2010-12-07 words: 562 flesch: 43 summary: Plain radiography often reveals bony and pleural involvement in addition to chest deformities.2 It can be concluded for small, non-tender lesions isolated to the anterior chest wall that demonstrate no history of interval growth, that clinical examination and chest radiography may suffice, with ultrasound as backup.5 1. Glass R, Norton K, Mitre S, Kang E. Pediatric ribs: A spectrum of abnormalities. RadioGraphics 2002;22:87-104. 2. Donnelly L, Frush D, Foss J, O’Hara S, Bisset III G. Anterior chest wall: Frequency of anatomic variations in children. keywords: chest; rib; wall cache: sajr-454.pdf plain text: sajr-454.txt item: #735 of 946 id: sajr-455 author: Khan, Nausheen; van de Werke, Irma; Ismail, Farzanah; Levay, Peter F title: A case of extensive synovial involvement by tophaceous gout date: 2010-12-07 words: 1507 flesch: 51 summary: Lateral radiograph of both ankles shows nodular density in the posterior recess of the left ankle joint in keeping with tophaceous deposits, and pressure erosion of the right talo-navicular joint and postero-superior aspect of the right calcaneus by soft-tissue tophi. 110 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • December 2010 CASE REPORT Chronic tophaceous gout In this form, the disease is established with deposition of MSU crystals in the tendons, ligaments, cartilage, bone and soft tissues including bursae and other synovial spaces.1,3 Although tophi can be deposited within a joint, the imaging characteristics of such intra-articular tophi are rarely reported and not well known.5 keywords: gout; involvement; joint; tophaceous; tophi cache: sajr-455.pdf plain text: sajr-455.txt item: #736 of 946 id: sajr-456 author: Aga, Pallavi; Parashari, Umesh C; Parihar, Anit; Singh, Ragini; Kohli, Neera; Yadav, Rajesh title: Macrodystrophia lipomatosa – MR imaging of a rare congenital anomaly: review of 3 cases date: 2010-12-07 words: 2004 flesch: 53 summary: 3A. T1W sagittal images of the right foot showing local gigantism owing to gross hypertrophy of fat (thick white arrows) and soft tissue in a striated pattern ( thin white arrow). In as much as 30.7% of cases of MDL, FLH is an associated finding.13 MRI of MDL characteristically demonstrates fatty deposition not only in nerve sheaths but also in soft tissues, bone marrow and periosteum. keywords: arrow; fat; fig; nerve; tissue; white cache: sajr-456.pdf plain text: sajr-456.txt item: #737 of 946 id: sajr-457 author: Meerkotter, Debra Ardath; Rubin, Grace title: Diabetic mastopathy: A clinical and radiological challenge date: 2010-12-07 words: 1206 flesch: 51 summary: Diabetic mastopathy accounts for less than 1% of benign breast lesions. A few cases of diabetic mastopathy have demonstrated no radiotracer uptake with scintimammography;4 this requires further evaluation. keywords: breast; diabetic; mastopathy cache: sajr-457.pdf plain text: sajr-457.txt item: #738 of 946 id: sajr-458 author: Goodier, Matthew; Rubin, Grace title: Echinococcal disease of the bone: An unusual cause of a pathological fracture date: 2010-12-07 words: 1046 flesch: 37 summary: Conclusion Echinococcal cyst of bone is a rare manifestation of echinococcal disease, with involvement of long bones, such as the radius, especially rare. Echinococcosis of the bone is an unusual manifestation of echinococcal disease and a rare cause of a lytic lesion of bone. keywords: bone; cyst; disease; lesion cache: sajr-458.pdf plain text: sajr-458.txt item: #739 of 946 id: sajr-459 author: Joseph, Febin; Lockhat, Zarina I; Janse van Rensburg, Malan; Smal, Janet; Moja, Tshepo Peter title: Acute pituitary apoplexy complicating a pituitary macroadenoma date: 2010-12-07 words: 1291 flesch: 46 summary: These include anticoagulation, dynamic pituitary function tests, radiation, bromocriptine therapy for existing macro-adenoma, trauma, surgery, peri- or post-partum state, elevated oestrogen levels and diabetes.4 Up to 20% of pituitary apoplexy cases may be sub-clinical, but with radiological and pathological evidence of a haemorrhagic infarction. Pituitary tumour apoplexy: characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. keywords: adenoma; apoplexy; case; mass; pituitary cache: sajr-459.pdf plain text: sajr-459.txt item: #740 of 946 id: sajr-46 author: Modi, M title: The ectopic posterior pituitary - a short case series date: 2007-11-27 words: 1665 flesch: 44 summary: The sagittal T1-weighted MRI scan demonstrated the high signal intensity posterior pituitary lobe outside the confines of the sella, and a hypoplas- tic adenohypophysis. J Postgrad Med 1999; 45: 81-83. 2. Chen S, Leger J, Garel C, Hassan M, Czernichow P. Growth hormone deficiency with ectopic neurohypoph- ysis: anatomical variations and relationship between the visibility of the pituitary stalk asserted by magnetic resonance imaging and anterior pituitary function. keywords: epp; mri; patient; pituitary; stalk cache: sajr-46.pdf plain text: sajr-46.txt item: #741 of 946 id: sajr-460 author: Van Wyk, M J; Mahomed, N title: The hilum overlay sign in a child date: 2010-12-07 words: 1332 flesch: 52 summary: The presence or disruption of mediastinal lines may further aid in the localisation of The hilum overlay sign in a child M J van Wyk, MB ChB N Mahomed, MB BCh, FCRad (Diag) (SA) Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Fig. Diagnostic imaging of mediastinal masses in children. keywords: african; mass; south cache: sajr-460.pdf plain text: sajr-460.txt item: #742 of 946 id: sajr-461 author: Misser, S K title: Cardiological diagnosis date: 2010-12-07 words: 734 flesch: 33 summary: Diagnosis of heterotaxy syndrome (with polysplenia, azygous continuation of the IVC, repaired atrial septal defect and pulmonary arterial hypertension) was made, with incidental associated mild aortic coarctation and left renal dysplasia. These are divided broadly into those which are complete (situs inversus totalis) or incomplete (heterotaxy syndromes). keywords: abnormality; diagnosis; fig; heterotaxy cache: sajr-461.pdf plain text: sajr-461.txt item: #743 of 946 id: sajr-462 author: Misser, S K; Mercouris, P title: Musculoskeletar case - new date: 2010-12-07 words: 135 flesch: 64 summary: Musculoskeletal case S K Misser, MB ChB, FCRad (D) P Mercouris, MB BCh, FF Rad Lake Smit and Partners, Durban Fig. Serial axial fat-suppressed proton density MRI sequences. keywords: sequences cache: sajr-462.pdf plain text: sajr-462.txt item: #744 of 946 id: sajr-463 author: Sperryn, Clive title: Molecular Imaging date: 2010-12-07 words: 1456 flesch: 48 summary: The new frontier is molecular imaging (MI), and a revolutionary new chapter in the history of medical imaging is about to be written. The role that MR will play in molecular imaging was also discussed, and it is very promising. keywords: imaging; mri; ultrasound cache: sajr-463.pdf plain text: sajr-463.txt item: #745 of 946 id: sajr-464 author: Velleman, Mark title: SAMSIG seeks growth date: 2010-12-07 words: 1456 flesch: 48 summary: The new frontier is molecular imaging (MI), and a revolutionary new chapter in the history of medical imaging is about to be written. The role that MR will play in molecular imaging was also discussed, and it is very promising. keywords: imaging; mri; ultrasound cache: sajr-464.pdf plain text: sajr-464.txt item: #746 of 946 id: sajr-465 author: Janse van Rensburg, Pieter title: Report-back by 2009 RSSA Travel Award Winer date: 2010-12-07 words: 1456 flesch: 48 summary: The new frontier is molecular imaging (MI), and a revolutionary new chapter in the history of medical imaging is about to be written. The role that MR will play in molecular imaging was also discussed, and it is very promising. keywords: imaging; mri; ultrasound cache: sajr-465.pdf plain text: sajr-465.txt item: #747 of 946 id: sajr-469 author: Janse van Rensburg, Leon title: Continuing medical education in Radiology in South Africa date: 2010-08-30 words: 952 flesch: 33 summary: All this was achieved by forming partnerships and securing RSSA participation in the satellite and outreach educational programmes of international societies such as the International Cancer Imaging Society (ICIS), International Society for Magnetic Resonance and Medicine (ISMRM) Global Outreach Program, Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), Visiting International Professors Program(VIP), the Society of Gastro-Intestinal Radiology (SGR), International Education Conference (IEC), the University of Leuven and leading international radiologists. On an international intersociety level, RSSA members have free corresponding membership of the ECR, and registrars and junior radiologists qualify for participation in the European School of Radiology visiting fellowship programmes. keywords: radiologists; radiology; rssa cache: sajr-469.pdf plain text: sajr-469.txt item: #748 of 946 id: sajr-47 author: Spiegel, K; Joseph, E title: A rare appendicular skeleton chondrosarcoma date: 2007-11-27 words: 2348 flesch: 51 summary: Areas of matrix mineralisation are common in intramed- ullary chondrosarcoma (79% of long bone lesions on MR images) and have low signal intensity with all MR pulse sequences. Neither the extent nor the presence of matrix mineralisation identified on CT scans helps distinguish between long bone enchondroma and chondrosarcoma. keywords: bone; chondrosarcoma; enchondromas; grade; hand; primary cache: sajr-47.pdf plain text: sajr-47.txt item: #749 of 946 id: sajr-470 author: Cilliers, A; Schulenburg, D H; Janse van Rensburg, J title: MRI determination of the vertebral termination of the dural sac tip in a South African population: clinical significance during spinal irradiation and caudal anaesthesia date: 2010-08-30 words: 3769 flesch: 59 summary: Table I. Comparison of DS tip levels by race Level of DS tip No. of patients (%) p-value Black (N=118) White (N=191) Comparison of DS tip levels by gender Level of DS tip No. of patients (%) p-value Male (N=133) keywords: border; caudal; level; patients; study; termination; tip cache: sajr-470.pdf plain text: sajr-470.txt item: #750 of 946 id: sajr-471 author: Grobbelaar, Marie; Andronikou, Savvas title: Is airway diameter measured accurately on routine axial CT scans? Comparison with true axial diameter using MPR in children with airway compression owing to pulmonary TB date: 2010-08-30 words: 2830 flesch: 52 summary: ORIGINAL ARTICLE 61 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • September 2010 Conclusion The degree of central airway stenoses is accurately assessed on axial images, obviating the need to perform MPR to obtain a true axial diameter of the airways in children. This process affords the opportunity to study aspects of CT relating to airway stenosis. keywords: axial; bronchus; graph; measurements; mpr; tissue cache: sajr-471.pdf plain text: sajr-471.txt item: #751 of 946 id: sajr-472 author: Ismail, F; Huang, L; Lockhat, Z; Ellemdin, S; van der Linde, L title: Extramedullary haematopoeisis causing spinal cord compression date: 2010-08-30 words: 1361 flesch: 48 summary: On plain chest radiography, thoracic extramedullary haematopoiesis lesions appear as smooth or lobulated posterior mediastinal masses. CASE REPORT 65 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • September 2010 ribs, the underlying rib will be widened with a thin cortex.4 On CT scan with contrast, extramedullary haematopoiesis lesions enhance inhomogeneously owing to the iron deposition and fat infiltration. keywords: emh; haematopoiesis; lesions; masses; thalassaemia cache: sajr-472.pdf plain text: sajr-472.txt item: #752 of 946 id: sajr-473 author: Khan, N; Ismail, F; van de Werke, I; Gongxeka, H title: Mermaid baby date: 2010-08-30 words: 905 flesch: 54 summary: There are 3 known variants of the different degrees of lower extremities fusion: Mermaid baby N Khan, MB BS, FCRad (D) F Ismail, MB BCh, FCRad (D) Abstract We were recently intrigued by a baby born at Kalafong Hospital with fused lower extremities resembling a mermaid, which caused us to search for the background and origin of this entity called sirenomelia. keywords: case; fusion; limbs; sirenomelia cache: sajr-473.pdf plain text: sajr-473.txt item: #753 of 946 id: sajr-474 author: Pretorius, Phil title: Use of MR sialography and T2W fat-suppressed series in parotitis date: 2010-08-30 words: 1195 flesch: 45 summary: The case highlights two important MRI techniques: MR sialography and T2W fat-suppression sequence. These can be modified Use of MR sialography and T2W fat-suppressed MR in parotitis Phil Pretorius, FFRad (Diag) SA Drs Visser, Vawda, Erasmus and Partners, Greenacres Hospital, Port Elizabeth Fig. keywords: fat; gland; parotid cache: sajr-474.pdf plain text: sajr-474.txt item: #754 of 946 id: sajr-475 author: Emby, D J title: The fallacy of comparing diagnostic radiation with background radiation; and the need to learn from past mistakes date: 2010-08-30 words: 1696 flesch: 59 summary: Regarding the red herring of background radiation as argued by the radiation dissidents, I would quote the following: ‘A criticism of a conservative approach in the use of ionising radia- tion is that we are all daily exposed to background radiation and have evolved cellular mechanisms capable of repairing damage caused by ionising radiation. The fallacy of comparing diagnostic radiation with background radiation; and the need to learn from past mistakes To the Editor: The subject of radiation exposure for diagnostic purposes is currently a ‘hot’ topic, and it is appropriate that the debate around this issue is given exposure in the pages of the SAJR. keywords: background; radiation; radiology; year cache: sajr-475.pdf plain text: sajr-475.txt item: #755 of 946 id: sajr-476 author: Richardson, M title: The HPCSA and radiology date: 2010-08-30 words: 1696 flesch: 59 summary: Regarding the red herring of background radiation as argued by the radiation dissidents, I would quote the following: ‘A criticism of a conservative approach in the use of ionising radia- tion is that we are all daily exposed to background radiation and have evolved cellular mechanisms capable of repairing damage caused by ionising radiation. The fallacy of comparing diagnostic radiation with background radiation; and the need to learn from past mistakes To the Editor: The subject of radiation exposure for diagnostic purposes is currently a ‘hot’ topic, and it is appropriate that the debate around this issue is given exposure in the pages of the SAJR. keywords: background; radiation; radiology; year cache: sajr-476.pdf plain text: sajr-476.txt item: #756 of 946 id: sajr-477 author: Misser, S K title: Musculoskeletal case - findings and diagnosis date: 2010-08-30 words: 621 flesch: 48 summary: Final diagnosis of intradural fibrolipoma located at the conus with tight filum terminale and cord tethering was made. Associated incomplete retrogressive differentiation results in tethered cord syndrome. keywords: cord; diagnosis; filum cache: sajr-477.pdf plain text: sajr-477.txt item: #757 of 946 id: sajr-478 author: Misser, S K title: Cardiac case - new date: 2010-08-30 words: 156 flesch: 66 summary: Post-contrast dynamic axial chest CT, at levels of the aortic arch, pulmonary trunk and left atrium. Fig. 4. Pre-contrast axial chest CT. keywords: fig cache: sajr-478.pdf plain text: sajr-478.txt item: #758 of 946 id: sajr-479 author: Beningfield, S title: Reports on the second RSSA short course on Current Ethical Issues in Radiology, the first RSSA/SGR Gastrointestinal Radiology Course, and abstracts of oral presentations at the first RSSA/SGR GI Radiology Course date: 2010-08-30 words: 3169 flesch: 42 summary: The faculty, standing from left to right: Professor Steve Benningfield (UCT, Scientific Committee Chair), Dr Christine Menias (USA), Professor Jonathan Kruskal (USA), Professor Erik Paulsen (USA),Professor Sat Somers (Canada), Dr Clive Sperryn (RSSA president), Professor Mickael Federle (USA), Sitting: Professor Jay P Heiken (SGR president) and Professor Leon J van Rensburg (RSSA Congress Chair). All shunt occlusions (N=1) or partial thromboses (N=2) were detected by post-operative Doppler ultrasound. keywords: imaging; liver; lymphadenopathy; patients; professor; radiology; rex; rssa; ultrasound; vein cache: sajr-479.pdf plain text: sajr-479.txt item: #759 of 946 id: sajr-48 author: Wiebe, S; Suchet, I; Lemire, EG title: Radiographic and prenatal ultrasound features of perinatal lethal hypophosphatasia - differentiation from osteogenesis imperfecta type II date: 2007-11-27 words: 1695 flesch: 42 summary: Radiographic and prenatal ultrasound features of perinatal lethal hypophosphatasia – differentia- tion from osteogenesis imperfecta type II S Wiebe, MD, FRCPC Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital and University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada I Suchet, MB BCh, FRCPC Regina Qu’Appelle Health Region, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada E G Lemire, MD, PhD, FRCPC, FCCMG, FACMG Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Paediatrics, Royal University Hospital and University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada Table I. Radiographic features of osteogenesis imperfecta type IIA and the perinatal form of hypophosphatasia Osteogenesis imperfecta type IIA Hypophosphatasia, perinatal form Skull Caput membranaceum, wormian bones Caput membranaceum, absence of ossification of calvaria and bones of the skull base Ribs Short, thick ribs with continous beading Short, thin ribs Vertebrae Flat and irregularly deformed Poorly ossified, especially neural arches Long bones Thick, short, crumpled shafts, multiple Tubular bones, absent ossification of whole bones, diaphyseal fractures, callous formation spurs, punched out metaphyseal irregularities, kyphomelia Other Generalised hypomineralisation Generalised hypomineralisation CASE REPORTCASE REPORT pg32-35.indd 32 Sonographic findings of osteogenesis imperfecta type IIA and the perinatal form of hypophosphatasia Osteogenesis imperfecta type IIA Hypophosphatasia, perinatal form Short limbs with wrinkled appearance of long bones Short, bowed limbs Multiple fractures with callus formation Polyhydramnios Demineralised calvarium Small for gestational age Abnormal skull shape Decreased echogenicity of the bones Small chest circumference with broad and irregular ribs Prominent falx cerebri Increased nuchal translucency Underossification of vertebrae, neural arches and hands Fig. keywords: bones; form; hypophosphatasia; ossification; type cache: sajr-48.pdf plain text: sajr-48.txt item: #760 of 946 id: sajr-480 author: Fani, Gertrude title: CPD questionnaire date: 2010-08-30 words: 1232 flesch: 52 summary: Although axial CT images are sufficient for evaluating most airway abnormalities, there are inherent limita- tions of axial sections for assessing the airways: • limited ability to detect subtle airway stenoses • underestimation of the craniocaudal extent of the disease • difficulty in displaying the complex 3-D relationships of the airway to adjacent mediastinal structures • inadequate representation of airways oriented obliquely to the axial plane • difficulty in assessing the interfaces and surfaces of airways that lie parallel to the axial plane. D. The degree of central airway stenoses is accurately assessed on axial images, obviating the need to perform MPR to obtain a true axial diameter of the airways in children. keywords: following cache: sajr-480.pdf plain text: sajr-480.txt item: #761 of 946 id: sajr-484 author: Schultze, Otto title: A digital thumbs-up for PACS & RIS date: 2009-11-30 words: 929 flesch: 46 summary: The focus of the conference is not to set out why one should pur- chase a PACS & RIS or which system to buy – the PACS & RIS vendors are best suited to do this and to explain their benefits and special fea- tures. Jan Lotz Editor-in-chief First African PACS & RIS Edu-Conference: A practical approach to PACS & RIS within Africa Picture archiving and communications systems and radiology informa- tion systems (PACS & RIS) is not a new technology, either interna- tionally or in South Africa. keywords: conference; pacs; ris cache: sajr-484.pdf plain text: sajr-484.txt item: #762 of 946 id: sajr-485 author: Daya, Rupesh Baloo; Kibel, Maurice A; Pitcher, Richard Denys; Workman, Lesley; Douglas, Tania S; Sanders, Virginia title: A pilot study evaluating erect chest imaging in children, using the Lodox Statscan digital X-ray machine date: 2009-11-30 words: 3888 flesch: 50 summary: Statscan chest images therefore have the potential to play a role in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children, especially in high-prevalence countries, and also in the imaging of cases where air- way narrowing or compression are suspected but not clearly seen on CR images. Statscan images, however, demonstrated exposure and move- ment artifacts, with hemidiaphragms and ribs most prone to movement. keywords: chest; diagnostic; erect; exposure; images; movement; observer; ray; statscan cache: sajr-485.pdf plain text: sajr-485.txt item: #763 of 946 id: sajr-486 author: Korf, A; Herbst, C P; Rae, W ID title: The relationship between compression force, image quality and radiation dose in mammography date: 2009-11-30 words: 4134 flesch: 63 summary: This study investigates the relationship between compression force, phantom thickness, image quality and radiation dose. Image quality is assessed with a contrast-detail phantom within Superflab phantom on a computed radiography (CR) mammography unit using automatic exposure control (AEC). keywords: compression; dose; image; phantom; quality; thickness cache: sajr-486.pdf plain text: sajr-486.txt item: #764 of 946 id: sajr-487 author: Perumal, Nalini S; Vangu, Mboyo-Di-Tamba H; Purbhoo, Khushica; Dhoodhat, Shireen title: Chilaiditi's syndrome demonstrated by SPECT/CT date: 2009-11-30 words: 1537 flesch: 51 summary: The CT scans for localisation on the same imaging machine (hybrid equipment) show air in the area of no gallium uptake, suggest- ing the clinical diagnosis of Chilaiditi’s syndrome. 11/19/09 2:27:10 PM CASE REPORT CASE REPORT 96 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • December 2009 flexure, the CT component should confirm the presence of air in symptomatic or asymptomatic patients with Chilaiditi’s syndrome. keywords: case; chilaiditi; imaging; spect; syndrome cache: sajr-487.pdf plain text: sajr-487.txt item: #765 of 946 id: sajr-489 author: Jargin, S V; Jargin, E E title: Some aspects of computed tomography in Russia date: 2009-11-30 words: 2646 flesch: 43 summary: A concluding point is that clinicians in modern hospitals have access to CT images via a computer network.12 But in many Russian hospitals, they can obtain only images on an X- ray film and a verbal description. Free medical insurance covers only a small percentage of CT examinations, however;1 many patients pay for the procedure themselves, and some also prescribe it for themselves without consult- ing a physician, i.e. practice self-referral.2 keywords: findings; hiv; patients; scanning; spiral; tomography cache: sajr-489.pdf plain text: sajr-489.txt item: #766 of 946 id: sajr-49 author: Ahmed, A; Pitcher, G title: Umbilical vein variation - case of an umbilical vein draining into the portal venous system date: 2007-11-27 words: 569 flesch: 51 summary: Umbilical vein variation – case of an umbilical vein draining into the portal venous system A Ahmed, MB BCh, FCRad(D) Division of Radiology, Department of Radiation Sciences, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg G Pitcher, MB BCh, FCS(SA) Department of Paediatric Surgery, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg Fig. 1. 36 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2007 Umbilical venous anomalies are not a common occurrence, and when encountered, they encompass a spectrum of variations. keywords: fig; vein cache: sajr-49.pdf plain text: sajr-49.txt item: #767 of 946 id: sajr-490 author: Emby, D J; Igbinedion, Reply by B O-E title: Role of abdominal ultrasound in the context of the HIV/AIDS epidemic date: 2009-11-30 words: 2646 flesch: 43 summary: A concluding point is that clinicians in modern hospitals have access to CT images via a computer network.12 But in many Russian hospitals, they can obtain only images on an X- ray film and a verbal description. Free medical insurance covers only a small percentage of CT examinations, however;1 many patients pay for the procedure themselves, and some also prescribe it for themselves without consult- ing a physician, i.e. practice self-referral.2 keywords: findings; hiv; patients; scanning; spiral; tomography cache: sajr-490.pdf plain text: sajr-490.txt item: #768 of 946 id: sajr-491 author: Misser, S K title: Cranial MRI diagnosis date: 2009-11-30 words: 154 flesch: 70 summary: Cranial MRI diagnosis QUIZ CASE 105 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • December 2009 S K Misser, MB ChB, FCRad (D) 105 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2009 Presentation A 50-year-old woman, known to have been recently diagnosed with advanced colonic carcinoma, and on palliative therapy, presented with an acute confusional state and associated seizures. keywords: fig cache: sajr-491.pdf plain text: sajr-491.txt item: #769 of 946 id: sajr-493 author: Fani, Gertrude title: CPD Questionnaire date: 2009-11-30 words: 892 flesch: 52 summary: 7. Regarding radiation dose in mammography, all the following are false except: A. Exposure time is not decreased by immobilisation. C. Decreasing breast thickness does not necessarily reduce radiation dose. keywords: radiation cache: sajr-493.pdf plain text: sajr-493.txt item: #770 of 946 id: sajr-496 author: JP V Niekerk title: sajr-496 date: 2009-08-15 words: 465 flesch: 55 summary: The web and more The switch of SAJR to a fully online journal has been most successfully managed by Jan Lotz, editor of the journal. In his editorial of April 2008 he explained the process of readers, authors and others accessing the SAJR in this format via www.sajr.org.za He promised that CPD would also be available for members. keywords: journal; sajr cache: sajr-496.docx plain text: sajr-496.txt item: #771 of 946 id: sajr-497 author: Padayachee, J; Alport, M J; Rae, W ID title: Mammographic CAD: Correlation of regions in ipsilateral views - a pilot study date: 2009-08-20 words: 4896 flesch: 52 summary: Matching accuracy is defined as a combination of two quantities: the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and contrast between the matched region and its background. Matching accuracy was generally well ( ) ( )⎩ ⎨ ⎧ − ≤≤−− = otherwise5.02 0 and 5.0 if5.02 CAUC CAUCCAUC κ keywords: average; breast; image; information; mammograms; matching; results; roi; search; similarity; view cache: sajr-497.pdf plain text: sajr-497.txt item: #772 of 946 id: sajr-499 author: Meerkotter, D; Andronikou, S title: Unusual presentation and inconlusive biopsy render fibroadenoma in two young females a diagnostic dilemma date: 2009-08-20 words: 1491 flesch: 61 summary: This type of infarction is not common but has been documented follow- ing FNA of thyroid nodules, salivary glands, breast fibroadenomas, lymph nodes and renal cell carcinomas. Pediatr Radiol 2004; 34: 988- 990. 4. Ichihara S, Matsuyama T, Kubo K, Tamura Z, Aoyama H. Infarction of breast fibroadenoma in a postmeno- pausal woman. keywords: breast; case; fibroadenoma; infarction; mass cache: sajr-499.pdf plain text: sajr-499.txt item: #773 of 946 id: sajr-5 author: None title: SAJR 914 date: None words: 5802 flesch: 41 summary: SAJR 914 Adrenal lesions encountered in current medical practice − a review of their radiological imaging V Naidu,1 MB ChB, FCRad Diag (SA); B Singh,2 MB ChB, FCS (SA), MD 1 Department of Radiology, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa 2 Department of Surgery, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa Corresponding author: V Naidu (vanesha@mweb.co.za) Modern radiological technology has transformed the way that adrenal lesions are currently investigated. With the increasing use of cross-sectional imaging, adrenal lesions are being serendipitously discovered in radiological studies undertaken for non-adrenal-related conditions – the so-called adrenal ‘incidentaloma’. keywords: adenomas; adrenal; arrow; benign; blue; contrast; fig; imaging; lesions; lipid; mass cache: sajr-5.htm plain text: sajr-5.txt item: #774 of 946 id: sajr-50 author: Sweidan, L title: Pathological basal ganglia calcification in a patient with pseudohypoparathyroidism date: 2007-11-27 words: 253 flesch: 38 summary: Pathological basal ganglia calcification in a patient with pseudohypoparathyroidism L Sweidan, MB ChB Division of Radiology, Department of Radiation Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Fig. Physiological basal ganglia calcification is usually punctate, localised in the globus pallidus and of no clinical significance. keywords: calcification cache: sajr-50.pdf plain text: sajr-50.txt item: #775 of 946 id: sajr-500 author: Sass, K; Wiebe, S; Lemire, E title: Infantile Sandhoff's disease date: 2009-08-20 words: 2678 flesch: 44 summary: Molecular heterogeneity in the infantile and juvenile forms of Sandhoff disease (O-variant GM2 Gangliosidosis). MRS reveals additional hexose N-acetyl resonances in the brain of a mouse model for Sandhoff disease. keywords: case; disease; gm2; matter; resonance; sandhoff; white cache: sajr-500.pdf plain text: sajr-500.txt item: #776 of 946 id: sajr-501 author: Meerkotter, D title: Mammographic normal variant : the sternalis muscle date: 2009-08-20 words: 1110 flesch: 57 summary: The CT scan demonstrated a flattened band of muscle density lying anterior to the medial margin of the pectoralis muscle. Sternalis muscle coronal CT image. keywords: breast; muscle; sternalis cache: sajr-501.pdf plain text: sajr-501.txt item: #777 of 946 id: sajr-502 author: Andronikou, S title: Spinal segmental dysgenesis date: 2009-08-20 words: 889 flesch: 53 summary: SSD and CRS probably represent two faces of a single spectrum of segmental malformations of the spine and spinal cord. It is important to distinguish SSD from CRS and other spinal mal- formations as SSD is unlikely to benefit from untethering procedure, since the neurological disturbance is related to the congenital hypoplasia or absence of roots or segment of the spinal cord, rather than from cord tethering.1 1. Tortori-Donati P, Fondelli MP, Rossi A, Raybaud CA, Cama A, Capra V. Segmental spinal dysgenesis: Neuroradiologic findings with clinical and embryologic correlation. keywords: callosum; corpus; spinal cache: sajr-502.pdf plain text: sajr-502.txt item: #778 of 946 id: sajr-51 author: Haagensen, M title: My personal portable PACS station date: 2007-11-27 words: 2318 flesch: 59 summary: Osirix is a very powerful and fast PACS and DICOM program freely available off the Internet. An open-source software for navigating in multidimensional DICOM images. keywords: apple; dicom; images; osirix; pacs; radiology; software; teaching cache: sajr-51.pdf plain text: sajr-51.txt item: #779 of 946 id: sajr-52 author: Modi, M title: Congrats & Coference News date: 2007-11-27 words: 2318 flesch: 59 summary: Osirix is a very powerful and fast PACS and DICOM program freely available off the Internet. An open-source software for navigating in multidimensional DICOM images. keywords: apple; dicom; images; osirix; pacs; radiology; software; teaching cache: sajr-52.pdf plain text: sajr-52.txt item: #780 of 946 id: sajr-53 author: Andronikou, Savvas title: Pull together to publish for the home team date: 2007-11-26 words: 1398 flesch: 68 summary: As a matter of fact more and more registrars are signing up to write MMed dissertations and theses and I have many requests from registrars and registrar hope- fuls to assist them in producing case reports and research papers. Other groups have ignored my hesitancy in writing up certain cases and have managed to have cases published that I insisted would not be accepted. keywords: ioversol; optiray cache: sajr-53.pdf plain text: sajr-53.txt item: #781 of 946 id: sajr-530 author: Knobel, G J (Deon) title: The role of the expert witness in court date: 2009-03-30 words: 1006 flesch: 41 summary: Therefore, the attitude of witnesses and expert witnesses alike is very often still that of giving evidence ‘for the accused’ or ‘for the defence’. Expert witness for the prosecution? keywords: court; expert; witness cache: sajr-530.pdf plain text: sajr-530.txt item: #782 of 946 id: sajr-531 author: Lawson, A; Parrish, A title: The many faces of hydatid disease date: 2009-03-30 words: 1271 flesch: 60 summary: Conclusion A case of primary hydatid disease arising in a rib is reported. Primary hydatid disease of the chest wall. keywords: case; chest; hydatid; rib; wall cache: sajr-531.pdf plain text: sajr-531.txt item: #783 of 946 id: sajr-532 author: de Witt, Juruan; Stoker, A F title: Multi-organ echinococcosis in a paediatric patient date: 2009-03-30 words: 1112 flesch: 52 summary: Multi-organ involvement is common, and cysts may develop in various organs. Plain films will reveal unruptured pulmonary cysts as rounded masses of uniform density, while ruptured cysts result in complex cavitary lesions with variable radiographic features, which include an air-fluid level, a floating membrane (water-lily sign), a double wall, an essentially dry cyst with crumpled membranes (serpent sign, rising sun sign) or an empty cyst.2,3 Plain films may also be helpful in detecting cysts in other organs, e.g. calcified cysts in the liver. keywords: cysts cache: sajr-532.pdf plain text: sajr-532.txt item: #784 of 946 id: sajr-533 author: Modi, M; Kramer, L title: Conjoined twins with a horseshoe kidney date: 2009-03-30 words: 937 flesch: 60 summary: There are many types of conjoined twins, usually classified according to the site of fusion. There are many types of conjoined twins, usually classified according to the site of fusion. keywords: fusion; kidney; twins cache: sajr-533.pdf plain text: sajr-533.txt item: #785 of 946 id: sajr-534 author: du Toit, J; Bam, J A; Mngomezulu, V title: Endovascular treatment of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation date: 2009-03-30 words: 1638 flesch: 46 summary: Adult choroidal vein of Galen malformation. CASE REPORT CASE REPORTCASE REPORT Introduction Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) accounts for up to 30% of paediatric vascular malformations.1 keywords: arrow; embolisation; galen; treatment; vein; vgam cache: sajr-534.pdf plain text: sajr-534.txt item: #786 of 946 id: sajr-535 author: Lemire, E G; Wiebe, S title: Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis: An under-recognised cause of short stature date: 2009-03-30 words: 1040 flesch: 50 summary: In girls with short stature, Turner syndrome is frequently considered in the differential diagnosis and can easily be ruled out with chromosome analysis. Disproportionately short stature was observed in our patient, which led us to suspect LWD. keywords: madelung; shox; stature cache: sajr-535.pdf plain text: sajr-535.txt item: #787 of 946 id: sajr-536 author: Lotz, J title: Radioactive News date: 2009-03-30 words: 1271 flesch: 46 summary: All aspects of the organisation, under the enthusiastic direction of congress chair- man Professor Leon Janse van Rensburg, were run with precision and efficiency and rated by the faculty as ideal. From left to right: Leon Janse van Rensburg (RSSA), Hans Kauczor (Germany), Wolfgang Schima (Austria and ICIS President), Jay P Heiken (USA), Richard Gore (USA), Vincent Chong (Singapore). keywords: course; imaging; opportunity; radiology cache: sajr-536.pdf plain text: sajr-536.txt item: #788 of 946 id: sajr-542 author: Mahomed, N; Naidoo, J title: Spinal segmental dysgenesis date: 2009-06-15 words: 1618 flesch: 45 summary: 3. Zana E, Chalard F, Sebag G. An atypical case of segmental spinal dysgenesis. 29 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • June 2009 Abstract Spinal segmental dysgenesis is a rare congenital spinal abnormality seen in neonates and infants, in which a segment of the spine and spinal cord fails to develop normally. keywords: cord; fig; segmental; spinal; vertebrae cache: sajr-542.pdf plain text: sajr-542.txt item: #789 of 946 id: sajr-55 author: Ackermann, C; Andronikou, S; Erlank, E; Parsons, JJ; Cilliers, G title: CT for upper abdominal pathology - is imaging of the pelvis necessary? date: 2007-11-26 words: 3886 flesch: 47 summary: The most common indications for abdominal CT at our institu- tion include: obstructive jaundice, pancreatitis, complicated renal cysts and liver lesions - all upper-abdominal pathology. It has also been found that abdominal CT performed for generalised abdominal pain with poor clinical examination and laboratory results has a very low positive yield.7 keywords: abdominal; carcinoma; cases; diagnosis; imaging; liver; pancreas; pathology; pelvis; renal cache: sajr-55.pdf plain text: sajr-55.txt item: #790 of 946 id: sajr-550 author: Durand, M; Abrahams, J C title: MRI signal changes in the liver following multiple transfusions. date: 2008-03-05 words: 700 flesch: 53 summary: The effect of haemosiderosis and blood transfusions on the T2 relaxation time and 1/T2 relaxation rate of liver tissue. No relationship has been demonstrated between bone marrow T2 relaxation rates and serum ferritin levels, or between liver and spleen 1/T2 relaxation.6 Iron deposition may be seen as increased density in the liver and spleen on CT, but is less readily quantifiable (Fig. 2). keywords: iron; liver; spleen cache: sajr-550.pdf plain text: sajr-550.txt item: #791 of 946 id: sajr-551 author: nejmeddine, Affes; Ahmed, Guirat; Khalil, Ben Salah; Issam, Beyrouti; Henda, Ketata title: Management of hemorrhage secondary to a pseudoaneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery date: 2008-03-05 words: 1161 flesch: 38 summary: However, some authors consider surgery as the treatment of choice for bleeding pseudoaneurysms in patients with chronic pancreatitis, arguing that embolisation does not cure the dis- eased pancreas and that subsequent surgery is always indicated, anyway. Although gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysms develop mainly secondarily to pancreatitis, other rare causes such as atherosclerosis, trauma, iatrogenic lesions, tuberculous inflammation and connective tissue diseases have been reported. keywords: artery; embolisation; pancreatitis; pseudoaneurysm cache: sajr-551.pdf plain text: sajr-551.txt item: #792 of 946 id: sajr-552 author: Ismail, F; Holl, J; Lockhat, Z; Akande, H title: Unusual mammography findings of patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast. date: 2008-03-05 words: 2040 flesch: 52 summary: Therefore, it is important to bear in mind that ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) may present with multifocal or multicentric disease (as demonstrated in our first case), which implies that all visible lesions should be biopsied and that it is necessary to con- sider doing a single-view baseline mammogram in young patients with breast disease so that abnormal calcification patterns are not missed (highlighted in our second case). Sonographic assessment of breast calcifications. keywords: breast; calcifications; case; lesion; mass cache: sajr-552.pdf plain text: sajr-552.txt item: #793 of 946 id: sajr-553 author: Gajjar, Himal; Levy, Anthony title: Imaging of appendicitis date: 2008-03-05 words: 2182 flesch: 43 summary: Singh A, Danrad R, Hahn P, Blake M, Mueller P, Novelline R. MR imaging of the acute abdomen and pelvis: acute appendicitis and beyond. Imaging also allows evaluation of the complications of appendicitis, which include perforation, peri-appen- diceal abscess formation and portal pyaemia. keywords: appendicitis; appendix; diagnosis; fig; imaging cache: sajr-553.pdf plain text: sajr-553.txt item: #794 of 946 id: sajr-554 author: van Rensburg, L Janse title: Radioactive News date: 2008-03-05 words: 815 flesch: 48 summary: 103 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • July 2008 RSSA congress sponsorship The Medical Imaging Society of South Africa (MISA) and member companies Siemens Healthcare, GE Healthcare, Philips Medical Systems and AEC Amersham have announced a generous sponsorship of R20 000, to be applied in the form of a refund of R1 000 to each of up to 20 registrars who incur long-distance travel and accommodation expenses in attending RSSA congresses and workshops. First RSSA/ICIS cancer imaging course An historic ‘first’: a joint satellite cancer imaging course, presented by the Radiological Society of South Africa (RSSA) and the International Cancer Imaging Society (ICIS), will take place at the Spier Estate, near Stellenbosch, from 6 - 8 February 2009. keywords: cancer; course; imaging; rssa cache: sajr-554.pdf plain text: sajr-554.txt item: #795 of 946 id: sajr-556 author: Ellmann, Annare title: PET/CT in South Africa: a lost cause date: 2008-03-05 words: 1137 flesch: 53 summary: Despite warnings about the number of PET facilities, it seems that there was minimal consultation between the various groupings, and no consultation between the public and private sectors regarding the location or use of these facilities. According to this report, PET imaging accounted for about only 5% of the growth in services, but for more than 18% of the growth in allowed charges. keywords: pet; south cache: sajr-556.pdf plain text: sajr-556.txt item: #796 of 946 id: sajr-56 author: Hlongwane, ST; Louw, HB; Dekker, G; Naidu, KM; Pienaar, M; Andronikou, S title: Multicentric epitheloid haemangioendothelioma of bone date: 2007-11-26 words: 1198 flesch: 50 summary: Pelvic, lumbosacral and chest X-rays revealed additional lytic bone lesions in the pelvis (Fig. 1d). Tumour enhances after IVI gadolinium injec- tion.2 CT can be used for assessment of cortical destruction and soft tissue penetration.2 Bone scintigraphy shows 'doughnut' lesions with increased uptake in the periphery and photopaenic zone in the central region of the tumour.2 Preoperative angiography may show unseen lesions on CT and MRI. keywords: bone; case; lesions; tumour cache: sajr-56.pdf plain text: sajr-56.txt item: #797 of 946 id: sajr-561 author: Moller, J S; Pieterse, W H; du Toit, P D; Bonnet, S; Diedericks, A; Brummer, W title: Staging of breast cancer with PET/CT date: 2008-03-05 words: 817 flesch: 61 summary: Pre-operative FDG PET for axillary metastases in patients with breast cancer. Advantages and limitations of FDG PET in the follow-up of breast cancer. keywords: breast; pet cache: sajr-561.pdf plain text: sajr-561.txt item: #798 of 946 id: sajr-564 author: Lotz, Jan title: PET-CT meltdown is looming date: 2008-03-05 words: 340 flesch: 56 summary: I was hoping to publish an editorial by a renowned overseas expert in the field of PET-CT; this has not been possible but I hope it will appear in the next issue of the SAJR. Developments around PET-CT are of critical importance to state-of- the-art medicine in this country. keywords: pet cache: sajr-564.pdf plain text: sajr-564.txt item: #799 of 946 id: sajr-565 author: Koen, Liebner; Herbst, Charles; Rae, William title: Computed Radiography Exposure Indices in Mammography date: 2008-03-05 words: 2801 flesch: 53 summary: Results In Table I, the conversion factors for converting entrance exposure to average glandular dose are shown for each kV and half-value layer, respectively. In combining the fitted equations at different beam qualities and plotting the fitted parameters against kV, it was possible to obtain a unified equa- tion for average glandular dose as a function of SAL/lgM and kilovoltage. keywords: average; dose; equation; exposure; lgm; sal cache: sajr-565.pdf plain text: sajr-565.txt item: #800 of 946 id: sajr-566 author: Mahomed, N; Briede, T; Modi, M title: Endovascular stent grafting of traumatic aortic arch pseudo-aneurysm date: 2008-03-05 words: 2047 flesch: 41 summary: Fifty per cent of the remaining survivors will die within 24 hours.1 Therefore, prompt diagnosis and treatment within this critical stage remains crucial.1 The recent development of aortic stent grafts has brought the management of thoracic aortic aneurysms into the realm of interventional radiology as an alternative to conventional open surgery.2 Stent graft placement is proving to be a safe, minimally invasive and effective treatment for thoracic aortic disease in poor surgical candidates, and short-term morbidity and mortality rates from endovascular repair compare favourably with those from surgery.2 Endovascular stent grafting of traumatic aortic arch pseudo-aneurysm N Mahomed, MB BCh T Briede, MB BCh, FCRad (SA) M Modi, MB BCh, FCRad (SA), MMed Department of Radiology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Fig. A detailed discussion on the endovascular procedure including the major limitations to stent insertion follows, and a comparison of endovascular stent graft versus surgery. keywords: aortic; endovascular; graft; lsa; stent; thoracic cache: sajr-566.pdf plain text: sajr-566.txt item: #801 of 946 id: sajr-567 author: Mpikashe, P; Sathekge, M M; Meyer, B J title: Protein-losing enteropathy demonstrated on Tc-99m HSA date: 2008-03-05 words: 1101 flesch: 51 summary: CASE REPORT CASE REPORT 36 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • July 2008 CASE REPORT Introduction Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is defined as a condition in which excess protein loss into the gastrointestinal lumen is severe enough to produce hypoproteinaemia.1 Previously reported procedures for the detection of protein loss have many limitations (such as rapid re- absorption of the radiolabel, unstable protein binding both in vivo and in vitro, and limited availability2) and were, moreover, cumbersome as well as unpleasant, as they involved 24-hour urine and stool collection. In our case, the patient had Peutz-Jeghers syndrome; this is a dominantly inherited human disorder characterised by gastrointestinal hamartomatous polyposis and mucocutaneous melanin pigmentation.6 Localising the site of protein loss and its quantification are important in the management of PLE. keywords: hsa; ple; protein; tc-99 cache: sajr-567.pdf plain text: sajr-567.txt item: #802 of 946 id: sajr-568 author: Ismail, F; Lockhat, Z; Ellemdin, S; van der Linde, L title: Conned by Conn’s Syndrome date: 2008-03-05 words: 1736 flesch: 57 summary: The prevalence is 0.3 - 1.2% of the hypertensive population.1 Radiological studies that aid the diagnosis of adrenal adenomas include contrast-enhanced CT, MRI and adrenal vein sampling of aldo- sterone levels. Nuclear medicine studies include adrenal scintigraphy. keywords: adrenal; apa; gland; right cache: sajr-568.pdf plain text: sajr-568.txt item: #803 of 946 id: sajr-569 author: Naidoo, L title: Imaging findings of meconiuim peritonitis date: 2008-03-05 words: 1604 flesch: 35 summary: This case report serves also to describe the pathogenesis, radiological spectra, role of imaging and causes of meconium peritonitis. An abdominal radiograph, ultrasound and CT scan were performed by the on-call registrar and were reviewed by the consultant with the suggested diagnosis of meconium peritonitis. keywords: abdominal; bowel; calcifications; meconium; peritonitis cache: sajr-569.pdf plain text: sajr-569.txt item: #804 of 946 id: sajr-57 author: Beningfield, S; Goldberg, P title: Transcolonic pelvic abscess drainage date: 2007-11-26 words: 573 flesch: 51 summary: Fluoroscopic image (a) during catheter (black arrow) manipulation showing pelvic sidewall collection (open arrow) apparently arising from diverticulum (white arrow) and (b) after placement of the drainage catheter (arrow). 2. Gupta S, Madoff DC, Ahrar K, et al. CT-guided needle biopsy of deep pelvic lesions by extraperitoneal approach through iliopsoas muscle. keywords: catheter; pelvic cache: sajr-57.pdf plain text: sajr-57.txt item: #805 of 946 id: sajr-570 author: Naidoo, L; Nanan, A title: Post-traumatic cholesteatoma... a rare occurrence date: 2008-03-05 words: 1574 flesch: 50 summary: They were first described in German literature by doctors reviewing World War I blast victims,1 with the first definitive series by Eckel in 1966.2 He described three cases of post-traumatic cholesteatomas and made postulations on their origin. Pre- operative CT establishes the type of surgical procedure as it determines the extent of the cholesteatoma, ocular chain involvement, facial canal integrity, and tegmen tympani and dural plate involvement.5 We report two cases of post-traumatic cholesteatomas that caused extensive middle ear destruction that developed many years following trauma. keywords: bone; case; cholesteatomas; tissue; traumatic cache: sajr-570.pdf plain text: sajr-570.txt item: #806 of 946 id: sajr-571 author: Wahab, S; Khan, R A; Ullah, E; Wahab, A title: Is MRI as safe as we think? date: 2008-03-05 words: 2417 flesch: 42 summary: According to the latest guidelines from the USA’s Food and Drug Administration (FDA), clinical MR systems using static magnetic fields up to 8.0 Tesla are considered ‘a non-significant risk’ for patients above the age of 1 month.5 Bioeffects due to time-varying gradient magnetic fields During MR procedures, gradient magnetic fields may stimulate nerves or muscles by means of induction. Most of these studies concluded that exposure to static magnetic fields produces no significant bioeffects. keywords: contrast; field; imaging; mri; patients; radiological; safety cache: sajr-571.pdf plain text: sajr-571.txt item: #807 of 946 id: sajr-572 author: Andronikou, Savvas title: Academic news, awards, congresses, workshops date: 2008-03-05 words: 1039 flesch: 53 summary: I Anatomy Part II 22 candidates 25 candidates 16 candidates 16 (73%) qualified for orals 15 (60%) qualified for orals 11 (69%) qualified for orals 16 (100%) passed 15 (100%) passed 8 (73%) passed 6/22 (27%) overall fail rate 10/25 (40%) overall fail rate 50% overall fail rate RSSA PISSA 54 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • July 2008 Radioactive News.indd 54 8/1/08 10:03:40 AM University News University Gold medal awards Dr S Theron and Dr S Przybojewski (University of Stellenbosch) were award- ed Gold Medals for their performances in the College of Radiology examination. keywords: college; radiology; university cache: sajr-572.pdf plain text: sajr-572.txt item: #808 of 946 id: sajr-574 author: Lotz, Jan title: Vires acquirit eundo date: 2008-03-05 words: 1081 flesch: 50 summary: Benefits include: • free electronic access to European Radiology, one of the most prestigious publications in the field of imaging • reduced registration rates for the European Congress of Radiology (ECR) from 2009 onwards • free electronic access to EURORAD, the largest peer-reviewed teaching database of radiology on the internet • free electronic access to EPOS™, the Electronic Presentation Online System which comprises more than 6 300 electronic presentations shown during ECR, ESCR, ESGAR, ESMRMB, SIR and CIRSE that can be viewed and downloaded • free electronic access to eECR, which contains over 350 recorded lectures that can be viewed from ECR, ESGAR or ESMRMB • free electronic access to EDIPS Download, ECR's digital preview system which enables one to download 1 099 Microsoft® Office PowerPoint presen- tations of ECR lectures throughout the year • all activities of the European School of Radiology (ESOR) are offered exclu- sively to members of the ESR • free access to the ESR online job forum. The RSSA supports academic radiology through journal sponsorship, publication of the SAJR (which is provided free to all members), moving to electronic format for greater access, organisation of congresses and work- shops and, recently, the establishment of a prize for an outstanding lecture given by any junior member at an RSSA congress. keywords: access; journal; radiology; rssa cache: sajr-574.pdf plain text: sajr-574.txt item: #809 of 946 id: sajr-575 author: Sperryn, Clive title: New RSSA committee date: 2008-03-05 words: 1081 flesch: 50 summary: Benefits include: • free electronic access to European Radiology, one of the most prestigious publications in the field of imaging • reduced registration rates for the European Congress of Radiology (ECR) from 2009 onwards • free electronic access to EURORAD, the largest peer-reviewed teaching database of radiology on the internet • free electronic access to EPOS™, the Electronic Presentation Online System which comprises more than 6 300 electronic presentations shown during ECR, ESCR, ESGAR, ESMRMB, SIR and CIRSE that can be viewed and downloaded • free electronic access to eECR, which contains over 350 recorded lectures that can be viewed from ECR, ESGAR or ESMRMB • free electronic access to EDIPS Download, ECR's digital preview system which enables one to download 1 099 Microsoft® Office PowerPoint presen- tations of ECR lectures throughout the year • all activities of the European School of Radiology (ESOR) are offered exclu- sively to members of the ESR • free access to the ESR online job forum. The RSSA supports academic radiology through journal sponsorship, publication of the SAJR (which is provided free to all members), moving to electronic format for greater access, organisation of congresses and work- shops and, recently, the establishment of a prize for an outstanding lecture given by any junior member at an RSSA congress. keywords: access; journal; radiology; rssa cache: sajr-575.pdf plain text: sajr-575.txt item: #810 of 946 id: sajr-576 author: Shayah, A; Gadepalli, C; Loke, D; Knight, L C title: Dysplastic bone disease mimicking exostoses of the ear canal date: 2008-03-05 words: 1474 flesch: 50 summary: No treatment was recommended apart Dysplastic bone disease mimicking exostoses of the ear canal A Shayah, MRCS, DOHNS C Gadepalli, MRCS D Loke, FRCS L C Knight, MPhil, FRCS Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK Fig. Introduction Patients with systemic bone disease presenting to the ENT department are rare. keywords: bone; case; disease; hearing; loss; osteopetrosis cache: sajr-576.pdf plain text: sajr-576.txt item: #811 of 946 id: sajr-577 author: Emby, Donald Jan; Lancaster, Andrew Harold Swinburne title: Assessing Cervical Stability: A Reminder date: 2008-03-05 words: 1128 flesch: 62 summary: Cervical spine radiographs and a CT scan demonstrate bilateral fractures which have resulted in disruption of the bony ring of C2. Although CT scanning is invaluable for defining bony injury, its inability to satisfactorily demonstrate the spinal soft-tissue structures, particularly the ligaments, makes it an unsuitable modality for excluding instability,2 as the following case illustrates. keywords: fracture; injury cache: sajr-577.pdf plain text: sajr-577.txt item: #812 of 946 id: sajr-578 author: Steyn, F JS; Bellow, N; Takawira, F title: Unusual case of pulmonary valve atresia date: 2008-03-05 words: 1292 flesch: 49 summary: In the past, this anomaly was termed pseudo- truncus or truncus arteriosus type 4.1,5,8 PA-VSD demonstrates a wide spectrum of severity, depending on the degree of pulmonary artery development.2 Pathologically, PA-VSD is frequently considered the most severe end of the spectrum of TOF, but controversy exists as to whether PA-VSD and TOF should be treated as two distinct entities.4-7 Unlike PA-VSD, patients with the standard type of TOF with pulmonary atresia have pulmonary arteries that are usually normal in size with normal peripheral pulmonary arborisation. The association of pulmonary atresia (PA) with anoma- lous origin of the left pulmonary artery and an absent right pulmonary artery is, however, a very rare occurrence.3-5 The best estimates of the relative frequency of PA-VSD are 2.5 - 3.4% of all congenital cardiac malformations.3,5-7 PA-VSD is slightly more prevalent in males than in females.3 Case report We report on a 12-year-old boy who was referred to our cardiology ser- vice for evaluation due to his decreased effort tolerance, palpitations and coughing up of blood-stained sputum. keywords: artery; left; pulmonary; right cache: sajr-578.pdf plain text: sajr-578.txt item: #813 of 946 id: sajr-579 author: Ismail, Farzanah; Lockhat, Zarina; Sathekge, Mike; Khan, Nausheen; van de Werke, Irma title: Metastatic calcification as a result of extensive bone metastases in a paediatric patient with Parameningeal Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma date: 2008-03-05 words: 1536 flesch: 46 summary: CASE REPORT CASE REPORT 10 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • April 2008 CASE REPORT Abstract We present a case of parameningeal embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma with the primary lesion arising in the middle and inner ear, with associated diffuse skeletal metastases and metastatic calcifications. Pg 10-12.indd 11 4/16/08 9:40:20 AM CASE REPORT CASE REPORT 12 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • April 2008 Metastatic calcification may occur in patients with chronic renal failure, primary hyperparathyroidism, extensive bone malignancy, hypervitaminosis D, diffuse myelomatosis, and milk-alkali syndrome.4 Metastatic calcification may occur in the presence or absence of hyper- calcaemia and is therefore not a prerequisite. keywords: bone; calcification; case; metastatic; rhabdomyosarcoma cache: sajr-579.pdf plain text: sajr-579.txt item: #814 of 946 id: sajr-58 author: Przybojewski, SJ; Griffith-Richards, SB; Strachan, M; Vadachia, Y; Kathan, DL title: 'Migrating' intraventricular neurocysticercus cyst date: 2007-11-26 words: 1478 flesch: 52 summary: Patients with parenchymal cysts normally present with sei- zures, whereas patients with intraventricular cysts usually present with headaches, vomiting and visual disturbances as a result of hydrocephalus which is potentially fatal.1,2,5,6 The 4th ventricle is the most common intraventricular site2,5 probably because of gravity or direct entry via the choroid plexus.6 Cysts can degenerate in the ventricular system causing an ependymal reaction identifiable on contrast-enhanced MRI and can lead to permanent neurological complications.2 25 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • March 2007 ‘Migrating’ intraventricular neurocysticercus cyst S J Przybojewski, MB ChB, Dip Pec (SA), MMedRad (D), FCRad (D) S B Griffith-Richards, MB ChB M Strachan, MB ChB, LMCC Y Vadachia, MB ChB, MMed Rad (D) D L Kathan, MB ChB, MSc, MBA Department of Radiology, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital Fig. pg25-27.indd 25 2/26/07 1:53:26 PM CASE REPORT CASE REPORT 26 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • March 2007 CASE REPORT Before the advent of MRI, intraventricular cysts were difficult to diagnose noninvasively.2 Previously used invasive procedures included contrast and CT ventriculography.2 MRI is currently the most useful imaging tool for NCC4,5 and is superior to keywords: 4th; cyst; mri; ncc; sequences; ventricle cache: sajr-58.pdf plain text: sajr-58.txt item: #815 of 946 id: sajr-580 author: Hurter, Delmé; De Vries, Coert; Potgieter, Pierre; Barry, Renald; Botha, Frikkie; Joubert, Gina title: Accuracy of MRCP compared to ERCP in the diagnosis of bile duct disorders date: 2008-03-05 words: 3823 flesch: 49 summary: The detection of bile duct stones in suspected biliary pancreatitis: Comparison of MRCP, ERCP, and intraductal US. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, intraductal ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in bile duct strictures: a prospective comparison of imaging diagnostics with histopathological correlation. keywords: bile; duct; ercp; mrcp; patients; results; sensitivity; specificity cache: sajr-580.pdf plain text: sajr-580.txt item: #816 of 946 id: sajr-585 author: None title: sajr-585 date: None words: 1380 flesch: 39 summary: Patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei associated with disseminated peritoneal adenomucosis have a significantly more favourable prognosis than patients with peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis. Abdominal computed tomographic scan in the selection of patients with mucinous peritoneal carcinomatosis for cytoreductive surgery. keywords: figure; hospital; mucinous; peritonei; pseudomyxoma; safdarjung cache: sajr-585.htm plain text: sajr-585.txt item: #817 of 946 id: sajr-586 author: None title: sajr-586 date: None words: 2866 flesch: 52 summary: Published: 04 Apr. 2014 How to cite this article: Blignaut G, Loggenberg E, De Vries C. The radiological appearance of intracranial aneurysms in adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The radiological appearance of intracranial aneurysms in adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) In This Original Research... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Method • Results • Ethical considerations • Discussion • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests    • Authors’ contributions • References Abstract Top ↑ Background: The global prevalence of intracranial aneurysms is estimated at 2.3%. keywords: aneurysms; diameter; hiv; intracranial; patients; sac; transverse cache: sajr-586.htm plain text: sajr-586.txt item: #818 of 946 id: sajr-587 author: None title: None date: None words: 1887 flesch: 41 summary: Mar. 2014 Published: 08 Dec. 2014 How to cite this article: Singh SN, Sundar G, Satishchandra H. An unusual case of bilateral renal lymphangiectasia. An unusual case of bilateral renal lymphangiectasia In This Case Report... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Ethical considerations • Case presentation • Discussion • Management and outcome • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests    • Authors’ contributions • References Abstract Top ↑ Renal lymphangiectasia is a very rare benign disorder characterised by dilatation of the perirenal and peripelvic lymphatics. keywords: case; collections; condition; fluid; imaging; lymphangiectasia; renal cache: sajr-587.htm plain text: sajr-587.txt item: #819 of 946 id: sajr-588 author: None title: sajr-588 date: None words: 2973 flesch: 50 summary: Our secondary objective was to assess the relationship between radiation dose and clinical scenario. The associated ionising radiation has raised concern as it is the dominant contributor to radiation dose from medical x-rays. keywords: age; dlp; dose; follow; radiation; study; values; year cache: sajr-588.htm plain text: sajr-588.txt item: #820 of 946 id: sajr-59 author: Beningfield, S title: Curved-needle approach to high right subphrenic collections date: 2007-11-26 words: 1044 flesch: 61 summary: March 2007 Careful visualisation of the advancement of the needle to ensure that the diaphragm is not traversed is also important, with intermittent fluoroscopy and ultrasound to confirm needle position in relation to the diaphragm. Longer needles are not always readily available, and may still be defeated by awkward angles and intervening portal structures. keywords: collections; curve; needle; subphrenic cache: sajr-59.pdf plain text: sajr-59.txt item: #821 of 946 id: sajr-591 author: None title: sajr-591 date: None words: 2098 flesch: 43 summary: Method: A set of senior registrar reports (provisional reports) issued during a 28-day period was compared with the corresponding consultant reports (final reports). A set of senior registrar reports (provisional reports) issued during a 28-day period was collected after institutional ethics review board approval. keywords: hospital; hour; rate; registrar; reports cache: sajr-591.htm plain text: sajr-591.txt item: #822 of 946 id: sajr-592 author: None title: sajr-592 date: None words: 1450 flesch: 43 summary: Incidental right Bochdalek hernia with interruption of the inferior vena cava and hepatic venous collateral continuation: A case report In This Case Report... Open Access • Abstract • Case report • Discussion • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests    • Authors’ contributions • References Abstract Top ↑ It drains the right dorsolateral aspect of the liver directly to the IVC.6 The combination of a right-sided Bochdalek hernia together with interruption of the IVC and the formation of intrahepatic venous collaterals (as is presented in this case study) is extremely rare, with only one similar case having being reported in the literature.7 Conclusion Top ↑ An adult patient presenting with the combination of a right-sided Bochdalek hernia and an interrupted IVC with hepatic venous collaterals, as described in this case report, is an extremely rare occurrence. keywords: bochdalek; case; hernia; ivc; right cache: sajr-592.htm plain text: sajr-592.txt item: #823 of 946 id: sajr-594 author: None title: sajr-594 date: None words: 1526 flesch: 53 summary: We report a case of extradural hydatid cyst involving a boy of 5 years. Extradural intraspinal hydatid cyst 4. Hydatid disease of the vertebrae 5. Paravertebral hydatid disease. keywords: cyst; disease; hydatid; spinal; spine cache: sajr-594.htm plain text: sajr-594.txt item: #824 of 946 id: sajr-595 author: None title: sajr-595 date: None words: 3736 flesch: 35 summary: Differences in the practice of nuclear medicine between developed and developing countries arise mainly from disparities in their available infrastructure, funding and education levels of personnel involved. Tele-nuclear medicine uses information and communication technology (ICT) to transmit information about nuclear medicine between two or more locations. keywords: countries; distance; education; imaging; medical; medicine; nations; studies; tele; training cache: sajr-595.htm plain text: sajr-595.txt item: #825 of 946 id: sajr-596 author: None title: sajr-596 date: None words: 3853 flesch: 53 summary: With greater eye movement, optic nerve diffusion appears less anisotropic owing to greater radial diffusion. The impact of optic nerve movement on optic nerve magnetic resonance diffusion parameters In This Original Research... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Method • Statistics • Results • Discussion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests    • Authors’ contributions • References Abstract Top ↑ Background: Optic nerve diffusion imaging is a useful investigational tool of optic nerve microstructure, but is limited by eye-movement-induced optic nerve movement and artifacts from surrounding cerebrospinal fluid, fat, bone and air. keywords: diffusion; imaging; movement; nerve; optic; parameters cache: sajr-596.htm plain text: sajr-596.txt item: #826 of 946 id: sajr-597 author: None title: sajr-597 date: None words: 493 flesch: 45 summary: The martini glass is represented by triangular retrolental fibrovascular tissue and a central tissue stalk of hyaloid remnant extending to the optic disc in Cloquet’s canal (see Figure 1a).5 The retrolental fibrovascular tissue and stalk-like hyaloid remnant are hypointense to isointense on T1- and T2-weighted images and show enhancement post contrast administration. The globe may be hyperintense on T1-weighted images; this may represent either subhyaloid or subretinal fluid with blood degradation products (methaemoglobin) or high protein content (see Figure 1b).11 FIGURE 1: Axial T2-weighted (a) and axial T1-weighted (b) images show the triangular retrolental fibrovascular tissue (arrow 1) and a central tissue stalk of hyaloid remnant in Cloquet's canal (arrow 2) representing the 'martini glass' sign; (b) Micropthalmia and hyperintense vitreous (arrow) on T1-weighted image due to accumulation of blood degradation products or high protein content compared to normal right globe. keywords: persistent; pmid; vitreous cache: sajr-597.htm plain text: sajr-597.txt item: #827 of 946 id: sajr-598 author: None title: sajr-598 date: None words: 4350 flesch: 54 summary: Method: A descriptive retrospective study was undertaken of CT brain scans done during a 12-month period at a tertiary provincial hospital in the Northern Tshwane district of Gauteng, South Africa. CT brain scans of all patients suspected of having intracranial pathology, referred for brain imaging, were considered. keywords: brain; cases; cect; contrast; findings; nect; patients; reviewers; study cache: sajr-598.htm plain text: sajr-598.txt item: #828 of 946 id: sajr-6 author: None title: SAJR 917 date: None words: 1282 flesch: 46 summary: Percutaneous biopsy of adrenal and extra-adrenal retroperitoneal lesions: Beware of catecholamine secreting tumours! Percutaneous biopsy of adrenal and extra-adrenal retroperitoneal lesions: Beware of catecholamine secreting tumours! keywords: adrenal; biopsy; catecholamine; paragangliomas cache: sajr-6.htm plain text: sajr-6.txt item: #829 of 946 id: sajr-60 author: Ackermann, C; Andronikou, S title: The dumbo guide to diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) date: 2007-11-26 words: 905 flesch: 65 summary: Either echoplanar SE or a fast GRE.2 Parameters affecting the signal • ‘b’-value: The degree of diffusion sensitivity. ADC is calculated from the signal intensities of images acquired with varying magnitudes of diffusion sensitivity (b-values) and repre- sented as an image (Figs 2 a - c). keywords: diffusion; dwi; fig cache: sajr-60.pdf plain text: sajr-60.txt item: #830 of 946 id: sajr-601 author: None title: sajr-601 date: None words: 3505 flesch: 46 summary: From July 2004 to June 2005 (12 months), 203 patients with penetrating neck injuries were admitted into the trauma unit, of whom 21% sustained gunshot wounds and 78% stab wounds.4 Method Top ↑ Formal ethics approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town. The location of the entry sites of penetrating neck injury was allocated into the three standard anterior triangle anatomical zones (Figure 1). keywords: angiography; artery; cta; dsa; injuries; injury; neck; patients; trauma cache: sajr-601.htm plain text: sajr-601.txt item: #831 of 946 id: sajr-602 author: None title: sajr-602 date: None words: 2777 flesch: 40 summary: A study by Patel et al. found that 84% of gangliogliomas had mixed signal intensity on T1WI (which is a unique finding for spinal neoplasms) and speculated that this was because of the dual cellular Until this point, we have not dwelled on signal characteristics of the described conditions, as most spinal cord neoplasms are hypo- to isointense on T1WI and hyperintense on T2WI, offering no assistance in differentiating individual intramedullary neoplasms. keywords: arrow; contrast; cord; image; intramedullary; neoplasms; spinal cache: sajr-602.htm plain text: sajr-602.txt item: #832 of 946 id: sajr-605 author: None title: sajr-605 date: None words: 3338 flesch: 49 summary: In vivo determination of renal stone composition with dual-energy computed tomography In This Original Research... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Method    • Study design    • Computed tomography technique    • Image processing    • Crystallography    • Statistical analysis • Results • Discussion • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests    • Authors’ contributions • References Abstract Top ↑ Background: Composition of renal stones influences management of patients with renal stone disease. The incidence of renal stone disease is high, with a lifetime risk in the United States of America (USA) of 6% for women and 12% for men.1 Renal stone disease has not been researched extensively in Africa due to a lack of resources and facilities, and therefore no recent data on the incidence of renal stones in South Africa are available.2Sixteen different chemical compounds can form renal stones, although most of these are rare.3 Calcium oxalate (70%), calcium phosphate (20%), uric acid (8%) and cystine (2%) are the most common stone components.4 Developed countries have seen an increase in the incidence of calcium oxalate stones over the last 50 years, compared to developing countries, where the percentage of uric acid and phosphate stones remains relatively high.1 Untreated renal stone disease can lead to obstruction of an infected urinary tract, which may lead to urosepsis and death. keywords: acid; composition; energy; gsi; stone; study; uric; zeff cache: sajr-605.htm plain text: sajr-605.txt item: #833 of 946 id: sajr-607 author: None title: sajr-607 date: None words: 6421 flesch: 60 summary: therapeutic OC.44 A screening CTC study should be undertaken every five years.1,2 Regardless of OC’s predominance, radiologists need to embrace the new technology, and be prepared and fully trained in all aspects of CTC. Should 40% w/v barium be used in CTC? Top ↑ Use of the relatively high-density barium has several disadvantages and is therefore not recommended for use in CTC examinations. keywords: air; barium; bowel; cancer; co2; colonography; ctc; figure; patient; polyp; screening; table cache: sajr-607.htm plain text: sajr-607.txt item: #834 of 946 id: sajr-609 author: None title: sajr-609 date: None words: 1560 flesch: 48 summary: We will serve the public more responsibly and ethically when research designed to reduce the likelihood that we will be misled by bias and the play of chance has become an expected element of professional and policymaking practice, not an optional add-on.10 Universal adoption of systematic reviews in radiology and other healthcare disciplines will ensure that patients benefit from health research and that healthcare resources are used efficiently. This could be a golden opportunity for radiologists in South Africa to provide leadership in increasing value and decreasing waste in health research, through routine use of systematic reviews when making healthcare decisions and designing new studies. keywords: care; evidence; health; research; reviews; studies cache: sajr-609.htm plain text: sajr-609.txt item: #835 of 946 id: sajr-61 author: Andronikou, Savvas title: Bounding ahead with our journal date: 2005-04-04 words: 575 flesch: 57 summary: We have also decided on a restriction in arti- cle length to encourage concise work and to create more topics per journal issue. We hope that the other subgroups that exist will take up the reins using our first contribution as a template to deliv- er news, journal article reviews and conference information regarding their subspecialty. keywords: issue; journal cache: sajr-61.pdf plain text: sajr-61.txt item: #836 of 946 id: sajr-610 author: None title: sajr-610 date: None words: 496 flesch: 49 summary: I therefore happily announce that the SAJR will now publish exclusively online, with no print copy, except inter alia a copy for the National Archives of South Africa. Although not in continuous print, it nevertheless documented the development of South African radiology, serving as a repository for the mostly unique and always interesting cases. keywords: sajr; south cache: sajr-610.htm plain text: sajr-610.txt item: #837 of 946 id: sajr-62 author: Spiegel, K; Joseph, E title: Thoracic and abdominopelvic actinomycosis date: 2005-04-04 words: 2499 flesch: 43 summary: Common features of actinomycosis infections include abscess formation, granulation, dense fibrous tis- sue formation, and the classical cutaneous sinuses with yellow/sulphur granular dis- charge. Surgical intervention assists in recovery but is not usually curative on its own.2 We present the radiological findings for 4 patients presenting with different forms of actinomycosis infection and give a short review of the relevant literature. keywords: actinomycosis; case; chest; chronic; features; infection; thoracic cache: sajr-62.pdf plain text: sajr-62.txt item: #838 of 946 id: sajr-622 author: None title: None date: None words: 1417 flesch: 32 summary: Decrease in leptomeningeal ivy sign on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images after cerebral revascularization in patients with Moyamoya disease. S.P. (Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School) provided important information of the ivy sign from his experience at Boston Children hospital, contributed to the images, and edited the article. References Top ↑ Ohta T, Tanaka H, Kuroiwa T. Diffuse leptomeningeal enhancement, ‘ivy sign’, in magnetic resonance images of moyamoya disease in childhood: Case report. keywords: disease; ivy; leptomeningeal; moyamoya; sign cache: sajr-622.htm plain text: sajr-622.txt item: #839 of 946 id: sajr-624 author: None title: sajr-624 date: None words: 201 flesch: 62 summary: FIGURE 2: Axial CT scan image at level of hyoid bone. FIGURE 3: Sagittal paramidline CT scan image FIGURE 4: Coronal CT scan image of anterior neck triangles. These are her ultrasound and CT scan images. keywords: neck cache: sajr-624.htm plain text: sajr-624.txt item: #840 of 946 id: sajr-625 author: None title: sajr-625 date: None words: 1398 flesch: 42 summary: The final diagnosis was abdominal wall endometriosis with surrounding fibrosis. Abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE) is one example of extrapelvic endometriosis, accounting for 0.5% – 4.0% of all cases of endometriosis. keywords: abdominal; awe; diagnosis; endometriosis; mass; wall cache: sajr-625.htm plain text: sajr-625.txt item: #841 of 946 id: sajr-63 author: Denny, M BM title: Video analysis of swallowing and speech defects date: 2005-04-04 words: 3607 flesch: 54 summary: Video swallows in adults In adults who are able to stand, the sequence is reversed, commencing with erect lateral studies of the cervical region and ending in the supine position. Lateral erect study revealing failure of the oesophagus to accept contrast bolus, with consequent reflux into the nasopharynx. Fig. 3b. keywords: contrast; laryngeal; position; reflux; spill; study; swallowing; video cache: sajr-63.pdf plain text: sajr-63.txt item: #842 of 946 id: sajr-630 author: None title: None date: None words: 1914 flesch: 49 summary: Thoracic cage injury imaging in rugby players Imaging approach Top ↑ Plain radiography is often not sufficient for the diagnostic assessment of thoracic cage injuries. keywords: figure; imaging; injuries; joint; mri; thoracic cache: sajr-630.htm plain text: sajr-630.txt item: #843 of 946 id: sajr-634 author: None title: None date: None words: 4456 flesch: 49 summary: Radiographer labour costs were used to calculate the minimum and maximum total costs. A comparative cost analysis of picture archiving and communications systems (PACS) versus conventional radiology in the private sector In This Original Article... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Background • Methods       • Ethical considerations • Results    • Capital costs of PACS and conventional radiography    • Productivity gains    • Time and motion study for PACS vs. conventional radiology    • User satisfaction survey • Discussion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests • References Abstract Top ↑ Background: Radiology is rapidly advancing, with a global transition to digital imaging technology to improve productivity and enhance communication. keywords: brain; chest; cost; hospital; mri; pacs; radiology; scans; study cache: sajr-634.htm plain text: sajr-634.txt item: #844 of 946 id: sajr-64 author: Joseph, E; Rubin, G; Murray, J title: Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (pneumonia) in HIV-positive adults date: 2005-04-04 words: 1574 flesch: 48 summary: LIP was then excluded from the classifica- tion of interstitial pneumonias. untitled Introduction Lymphoctytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP) is an interstitial pneumonia, recently included in the radiological/histopatholog- ical classification of the interstitial pneu- monias.1,2 keywords: adults; hiv; lip; patients; pneumonia cache: sajr-64.pdf plain text: sajr-64.txt item: #845 of 946 id: sajr-65 author: Sharma, V; Awasare, A; Rangrajan, V; Shimpi, H H; Mahanntshetty, U; Choudhary, P S title: Can ulceration in carcinoma of the oesophagus be detected by 99mTc-sucralfate scan? date: 2005-04-04 words: 2166 flesch: 52 summary: A non-invasive scan would be much better tolerated by patients than oesophagoscopy and might be more accurate than a barium swallow which is frequently non-diagnostic in patients with oesophagitis.6 Objectives The purpose of the study was to test: (i) the sensitivity and positive predictive value of tagged material in delineating ulcera- tions in the oesophagus pre-treatment, post-treatment and at follow-up; and (ii) whether it could reduce the need for inva- sive endoscopic procedures in patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus. To test: (i) the sensitivity and positive predictive value of tagged material in delineating ulcerations of the oesopha- gus in the pre- and post-treatment periods and at follow-up; and (ii) whether tagging could reduce the need for invasive endo- scopic procedures in patients with carcino- ma of the oesophagus. keywords: hours; patients; positive; sucralfate; ulceration; value cache: sajr-65.pdf plain text: sajr-65.txt item: #846 of 946 id: sajr-654 author: None title: None date: None words: 2044 flesch: 39 summary: If healing by fibrosis fails to curtail the pathologic process, extensive caseation and granulation occur.5 The treatment of compound palmar ganglion consists of antituberculous drugs along with excision of the lesion.6 Complete excision and evacuation of the lesion along with excision of the inflamed tendon sheaths is done via the volar aspect.6 Conclusion Top ↑ Radiological imaging is important in assisting with the early diagnosis of tuberculous compound palmar ganglion; it is otherwise delayed owing to the rarity of the condition and its nonspecific clinical presentation. On ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging, features suggestive of compound palmar ganglion were present. keywords: compound; figure; flexor; ganglion; lesion; palmar; wrist cache: sajr-654.htm plain text: sajr-654.txt item: #847 of 946 id: sajr-66 author: Andronikou, S; Wieselthaler, N; Bertelsmann, J title: Paediatric HRCT of the chest - help for the general radiologist date: 2005-04-04 words: 3870 flesch: 48 summary: Computed tomography of diffuse interstitial lung disease in children. They can occur with fibrosis and scarring or atelectasis associat- ed with fibrosis and are most often seen in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (chronic lung disease). keywords: air; bronchiectasis; children; disease; fig; hrct; lung; nodules; pattern; pulmonary; table cache: sajr-66.pdf plain text: sajr-66.txt item: #848 of 946 id: sajr-667 author: None title: sajr-667 date: None words: 1291 flesch: 46 summary: Note hypertrophied soft tissues around the second and third digits and elongation of the third digit. MRI is the investigation of choice owing to its superior soft-tissue contrast and its ability to characterise soft tissue, particularly fat. keywords: fat; hand; lipomatosa; macrodystrophia; tissue cache: sajr-667.htm plain text: sajr-667.txt item: #849 of 946 id: sajr-668 author: None title: None date: None words: 1576 flesch: 46 summary: Intramuscular myxomas are usually solitary but may be multiple and, in this scenario, are usually associated with monostotic or polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, which is known as Mazabraud's syndrome.5 On ultrasound, the lesion may appear as a complex cystic mass (hypo- or anechoic with increased through-transmission and posterior acoustic enhancement) or may even appear solid. Introduction Top ↑ Myxomas are benign mesenchymal tumours characterised by the production of mucinous material in a scant spindle cell matrix.1 Juxta-articular myxoma (JAM) is a rare form of myxoma in the vicinity of a joint.2 JAM has an association with trauma or joint arthrosis. keywords: carpal; figure; jam; mass; myxoma; thenar cache: sajr-668.htm plain text: sajr-668.txt item: #850 of 946 id: sajr-67 author: Bajwa, A K title: Pseudolesions as soon on multislice CT date: 2005-04-04 words: 1131 flesch: 61 summary: 8 copy 12/1/05 12:30 PM Page 30 ty around less opacified infrarenal caval contents (Figs 7 and 8).This artefact, seen in 21% of older CT scans, is now noted routinely. Pseudothrom- bosis of the infra-renal inferior vena cava during helical CT. keywords: fig; vein cache: sajr-67.pdf plain text: sajr-67.txt item: #851 of 946 id: sajr-670 author: None title: sajr-670 date: None words: 1778 flesch: 43 summary: Coronal fat-saturated PD image demonstrates adductor aponeurotic tear on the left (white arrow); (d) Common adductor-rectus abdominis tear in a 30-year-old professional rugby player with left groin pain of 3 weeks’ duration. FIGURE 6: Osteitis pubis in a 21-year-old soccer player with left groin pain. keywords: figure; groin; imaging; pain; wall cache: sajr-670.htm plain text: sajr-670.txt item: #852 of 946 id: sajr-673 author: None title: None date: None words: 2212 flesch: 55 summary: Spigelian hernia is a rare form of anterior abdominal wall hernia. Introduction Top ↑ Computed tomography (CT) has been shown to produce the most accurate imaging in the diagnosis of Spigelian hernia. keywords: colon; figure; hernia; muscle; oblique; spigelian cache: sajr-673.htm plain text: sajr-673.txt item: #853 of 946 id: sajr-675 author: None title: sajr-675 date: None words: 1089 flesch: 49 summary: Discussion Top ↑ Breast hamartomas are benign breast tumours described as resembling a ‘breast within a breast’ on mammography.4 They have a heterogeneous density with a mottled centre and are usually round or ovoid, with a well-circumscribed pseudo-capsule that results from the displacement and compression of surrounding breast tissue.3 Coarse or punctate calcifications are rarely seen within the lesion.2 On ultrasound, the features may appear as normal breast tissue or a well-circumscribed oval, solid mass that is predominantly hypoechoic but may present with a mixed echogenicity owing to the presence of adipose and fibroglandular tissue. Conclusion Top ↑ Breast hamartomas are rare benign breast tumours that, whilst having characteristic radiological findings, do not possess definitive histological features and can often be reported as normal breast tissue. keywords: breast; hamartoma; lesion cache: sajr-675.htm plain text: sajr-675.txt item: #854 of 946 id: sajr-68 author: Moosa, S; Vadachia, Y; Andronikou, S title: Choanal stenosis and atresia date: 2005-04-04 words: 695 flesch: 58 summary: Measurements of the structures outlined allows for an objective and reproducible set of criteria for the diagnosis of choanal atresia and stenosis. Choanal atresia: precise CT evaluation. keywords: atresia; nasal; stenosis cache: sajr-68.pdf plain text: sajr-68.txt item: #855 of 946 id: sajr-689 author: None title: None date: None words: 2904 flesch: 37 summary: It was hypothesised that inadequate vetting of clinical referrals contributed substantially to the long waiting times for elective TBH MRI examinations. The study has also shown that the vast majority (97.6%) of scheduled TBH elective outpatient MRI examinations had sound clinical indications, representing optimal use of a limited resource. keywords: examinations; imaging; magnetic; mri; outpatient; resonance; tbh; time; waiting cache: sajr-689.htm plain text: sajr-689.txt item: #856 of 946 id: sajr-69 author: Modi, M title: Lobular carcinoma of the breast - an unusual presentation date: 2005-04-04 words: 224 flesch: 48 summary: untitled The patient, a 44-year-old woman from Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, was a para 5 gravida 5 post-menopausal woman, who had breastfed her children for 2 years in total. The histological finding was that of bilateral invasive lobular carcinoma. keywords: fig cache: sajr-69.pdf plain text: sajr-69.txt item: #857 of 946 id: sajr-695 author: None title: None date: None words: 5996 flesch: 44 summary: FIGURE 2: Axial (a) and coronal (b) CT images of a young adult showing acute appendicitis with appendicular wall enhancement and thickening (open arrow) with surrounding fat stranding and fluid (solid arrow). 2 FIGURE 4: CT images of a 30-year-old man with acute appendicitis. keywords: appendicitis; appendix; arrow; bowel; disease; figure; images; imaging; pain; patients; quadrant; thickening; wall cache: sajr-695.htm plain text: sajr-695.txt item: #858 of 946 id: sajr-7 author: None title: SAJR 876 date: None words: 867 flesch: 54 summary: Computed tomography (CT) was performed for confirmation of torus palatinus and to aid surgical planning. The CT scan demonstrated lobulated bony outgrowths arising from the inferior margin of the hard palate, consistent with torus palatinus. keywords: palatinus; torus cache: sajr-7.htm plain text: sajr-7.txt item: #859 of 946 id: sajr-70 author: Smilg, J title: Mammography - any alternative imaging in 2005? date: 2005-04-04 words: 996 flesch: 60 summary: From 1998 to 1999, 11 507 new cases of breast cancer were reported in South Africa, comprising ± 19% of all cancers reported in the 2 years.1 However, the same source indicates that over the last 10 years there has been a 20% increase in survival primarily due to early diagnosis and improved treatments.1 The importance of early diagnosis can- not, therefore, be emphasised enough and since the early 1970s mammography has remained the mainstay of early detection of breast cancer. However, it is an excellent problem-solving tool and may be useful for screening younger women at high risk for breast cancer, viz. keywords: breast; cancer; mammography cache: sajr-70.pdf plain text: sajr-70.txt item: #860 of 946 id: sajr-701 author: None title: sajr-701 date: None words: 1231 flesch: 47 summary: Post-traumatic myositis ossificans In This Case report... Open Access • Abstract • Case report • Discussion    • Conventional radiographs    • Ultrasound    • Computed tomography    • Isotope bone scans    • Magnetic resonance imaging • Differential diagnosis • Treatment • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests • References Abstract Top ↑ Post-traumatic myositis ossificans (PTMO) is characterised by abnormal heterotopic bone formation involving striated muscle. Further treatment options include active early mobilisation, physiotherapy and extracorporeal shockwave therapy.10 Surgery, as in this case, may be considered when lesions cause disfigurement, mechanical limitation and impingement on neurovascular structures.1 Conclusion Top ↑ Myositis ossificans represents heterotopic formation of non-neoplastic bone and cartilage in soft tissue. keywords: bone; imaging; muscle; myositis; ptmo cache: sajr-701.htm plain text: sajr-701.txt item: #861 of 946 id: sajr-702 author: None title: sajr-702 date: None words: 268 flesch: 57 summary: These are selected plain film, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images. FIGURE 1: Plain radiograph of right hip. FIGURE 2: Axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) image of right hip. keywords: figure cache: sajr-702.htm plain text: sajr-702.txt item: #862 of 946 id: sajr-703 author: None title: sajr-703 date: None words: 1895 flesch: 37 summary: We contrast two different cases of biopsy-proven secondary chondrosarcomas resulting from benign, pre-existing cartilaginous lesions – our aim is to contrast and compare these two benign conditions consisting of multiple cartilaginous lesions – one hereditary and the other non-hereditary – and emphasise their potential for malignant transformation. The cortex is uninterrupted from the underlying bone, and the marrow cavity is continuous with the native bone.3,4 A diagnosis of multiple hereditary osteochondroma can be made when at least two osteochondromas are detected radiologically in the juxta-epiphyseal region of long bones. keywords: chondrosarcoma; figure; hereditary; lesions; osteochondromas; transformation cache: sajr-703.htm plain text: sajr-703.txt item: #863 of 946 id: sajr-704 author: None title: sajr-704 date: None words: 1243 flesch: 45 summary: Synovial sarcoma In This Case Report... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Case report • Discussion • Teaching point • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests    • Author contributions • References Abstract Top ↑ Synovial sarcoma is a malignant, predominantly juxta-articular, soft-tissue tumour representing approximately 10% of all soft-tissue sarcomas. Synovial sarcoma: Imaging features of common and uncommon primary sites, metastatic patterns and treatment response. keywords: articular; mass; sarcoma; synovial; tissue cache: sajr-704.htm plain text: sajr-704.txt item: #864 of 946 id: sajr-705 author: None title: sajr-705 date: None words: 1802 flesch: 51 summary: The final diagnosis was benign multinodular thyromegaly with TDC and a nodule containing papillary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroglossal duct cyst carcinomas: keywords: cyst; duct; neck; tdc; thyroglossal; thyroid cache: sajr-705.htm plain text: sajr-705.txt item: #865 of 946 id: sajr-707 author: None title: None date: None words: 3732 flesch: 41 summary: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfs305 Reddy C, Dybbro PE, Guest S. Fluoroscopically guided percutaneous peritoneal dialysis catheter placement: Single centre experience and review of literature. Percutaneous peritoneal dialysis catheter placement for the management of end-stage renal disease: keywords: catheter; dialysis; figure; patients; peritoneal; placement; rate; site; year cache: sajr-707.htm plain text: sajr-707.txt item: #866 of 946 id: sajr-709 author: None title: sajr-709 date: None words: 862 flesch: 46 summary: The lesion resulting from humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) is an important cause of anterior glenohumeral instability and can be seen in isolation or combination with an antero-inferior labral complex lesion. Case report Top ↑ A 16-year-old rugby player, with a four-month history of injury to his right shoulder, presented with anterior glenohumeral instability. keywords: hagl; ligament cache: sajr-709.htm plain text: sajr-709.txt item: #867 of 946 id: sajr-71 author: Andronikou, S; Wieselthaler, N title: Produced by the Paediatric Imaging Society of South Africa date: 2005-04-04 words: 1179 flesch: 57 summary: by Savvas Andronikou • ESPR – 2005 The European Society for Pediatric Radiologists held its Annual Conference in Dublin. IPR 2006 In 2006 there is a combined meeting of North American, European and Oceanic societies of Pediatric Radiologists at IPR in Montreal. keywords: andronikou; imaging; pediatric; pissa; radiology cache: sajr-71.pdf plain text: sajr-71.txt item: #868 of 946 id: sajr-710 author: None title: sajr-710 date: None words: 1231 flesch: 58 summary: Repair of distal biceps tendon rupture is therefore generally always important.2 The biceps tendon is also a weak flexor and passive stabiliser of the shoulder. Patients may still be able to use the biceps muscle, because of the intact short head of the biceps tendon which rarely tears.3 Proximal biceps tears do not always need surgical repair (depending on the patient’s functionality), but distal tears need to be repaired. keywords: biceps; head; rupture; tendon cache: sajr-710.htm plain text: sajr-710.txt item: #869 of 946 id: sajr-711 author: None title: sajr-711 date: None words: 1025 flesch: 66 summary: Christian George Albertyn was born on 13 December 1920 in Bethal, Transvaal (South Africa). Article Information Author: Lynda Albertyn-Cross1 Affiliation: 1Child, Adolescent and Family Unit, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa Postal address: 24 Duncombe Road, Forest Town, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa How to cite this article: Albertyn-Cross, L. Obituary – Dr. Christian George Albertyn. keywords: albertyn; george; life cache: sajr-711.htm plain text: sajr-711.txt item: #870 of 946 id: sajr-712 author: None title: None date: None words: 1562 flesch: 51 summary: Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy, Version 1.0. Systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy for evidence-based diagnostic practice in Africa. keywords: accuracy; health; reporting; stard; studies; test cache: sajr-712.htm plain text: sajr-712.txt item: #871 of 946 id: sajr-72 author: Corr, P title: MR breast imaging - does it have a place in your practice? date: 2005-04-03 words: 679 flesch: 50 summary: MR breast imaging shows great promise for the early detection of can- cer in mammographically dense breasts found in some younger women. 3 The role of breast MR imaging is not yet clearly defined in relation to mammography and ultrasound but it is important in solving difficult cases with equivocal mammogram and ultrasound findings. keywords: breast; imaging cache: sajr-72.pdf plain text: sajr-72.txt item: #872 of 946 id: sajr-73 author: Corr, P; Panday, S; Seolall, P; Booth, H title: Magnetic resonance imaging of invasive breast cancer date: 2005-04-03 words: 1933 flesch: 53 summary: Introduction The role of MR imaging in the diagno- sis of breast cancer is not clearly defined, however this modality is becoming impor- tant in breast imaging to solve problematic cases where the mammogram is inconclu- sive.1 MR imaging is highly sensitive to the detection of focal breast masses, approach- ing 100%, but not very specific for cancer, varying from 37% to 70% in most series.1 This is the reason why breast MR imaging is relegated to a second-line imaging inves- tigation. Hlawatsch A, Tiefke A, Schmidt M, Thelen M. Preoperative assessment of breast cancer: sonogra- phy vs MR imaging. keywords: breast; cancer; contrast; enhancement; imaging cache: sajr-73.pdf plain text: sajr-73.txt item: #873 of 946 id: sajr-730 author: None title: sajr-730 date: None words: 1307 flesch: 39 summary: Article Information Authors: Chris van Zyl1 Razaan Davis2 Delmé Hurter1 Gerhard van der Westhuizen3 Affiliations: 1Kimberley Hospital Complex, Department of Clinical Imagining Science, University of the Free State, South Africa 2Department of Radiology, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa 3Department of Anatomical Pathology, Universitas Hospital, South Africa Correspondence to: Chris van Zyl Email: chrisjvanzyl@gmail.com Postal address: Tembuku 11, Paddy Goodrick Street, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa Dates: Received: 31 Aug. 2014 Accepted: 20 Nov. 2014 Published: 27 Mar. 2015 How to cite this article: Van Zyl, C, Davis, R, Hurter, D, Van der Westhuizen, G. Giant peritoneal loose bodies. The differential diagnoses for loose peritoneal bodies include gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), fibroma, desmoid tumour, teratoma, mesenteric calcification, leiomyoma and urinary, gallbladder and appendix stones. keywords: bodies; case; giant; tissue cache: sajr-730.htm plain text: sajr-730.txt item: #874 of 946 id: sajr-732 author: None title: None date: None words: 1712 flesch: 48 summary: FIGURE 6: Short axis T2 FS MR image of the foot demonstrating an intermetatarsal bursitis. FIGURE 9: Short axis T2 FS MR image of the foot demonstrating oedema in the medial sesamoid (arrow) owing to sesamoid stress changes. keywords: axis; figure; foot; forefoot; imaging cache: sajr-732.htm plain text: sajr-732.txt item: #875 of 946 id: sajr-74 author: Corr, P; Seolall, P; Booth, H title: Magnetic resonance imaging of breast prostheses date: 2005-04-03 words: 1208 flesch: 52 summary: Various radiological descrip- tions are associated with these two signs, 7 SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY • October 2005 REVIEW ARTICLE Magnetic resonance imaging of breast prostheses P Corr FFRad (D) SA P Seolall Nat Dip Rad (D) H Booth Nat Dip Rad (D) Department of Radiology Nelson Mandela School of Medicine and Inkosi Albert Luthuli Hospital Durban pg7-8 9/28/05 1:22 PM Page 7 such as the linguine sign, double wavy sign, key hole sign, noose sign, and inverted tear drop sign.7 Conclusions Breast MR imaging is a reliable and accurate investigation to detect the compli- cation of breast prosthesis implantation. Everson LI, Parantainen H, Detlie T, et al. Diagnosis of breast implant rupture: imaging find- ings and relative efficacies of imaging techniques. keywords: breast; gel; prosthesis; rupture; silicone cache: sajr-74.pdf plain text: sajr-74.txt item: #876 of 946 id: sajr-740 author: None title: None date: None words: 1526 flesch: 45 summary: Obturator internus muscle and bursal infection respond well to antibiotics and MRI may prevent surgery.7 An important clinical differential diagnosis in the setting of pain and fever is septic arthritis of the hip joint. Obturator internus muscle abscess in children: Report of seven cases and review. keywords: calcific; figure; hip; internus; muscle; obturator cache: sajr-740.htm plain text: sajr-740.txt item: #877 of 946 id: sajr-741 author: None title: None date: None words: 1137 flesch: 49 summary: Article Information Author: Graeme Thompson1 Affiliation: 1Morton and Partners, Cape Town, South Africa Correspondence to: Graeme Thompson Email: gt@morton.co.za Postal address: 20A Brommaert Avenue, Constantia 7806, Cape Town, South Africa Dates: Received: 06 Oct. 2014 Accepted: 22 Feb. 2015 Published: 22 May 2015 How to cite this article: Thompson, G. Painful snapping hip owing to bifid iliopsoas tendon and concurrent labral tear. Painful snapping hip owing to bifid iliopsoas tendon and concurrent labral tear keywords: hip; psoas; snapping; tendon cache: sajr-741.htm plain text: sajr-741.txt item: #878 of 946 id: sajr-742 author: None title: None date: None words: 564 flesch: 41 summary: SAMSIG, the South African Musculoskeletal Imaging Group, was formed in 2005 by a dedicated group of radiologists who aimed to elevate the level of MSK radiology to international standards. By many and various means, SAMSIG has achieved its goal — with the support of the RSSA, significant input from international speakers and continued improvement by South African radiologists with a special interest in MSK radiology. keywords: msk; radiology cache: sajr-742.htm plain text: sajr-742.txt item: #879 of 946 id: sajr-745 author: None title: None date: None words: 3694 flesch: 48 summary: Several studies have compared the accuracy of ultrasound ONSD measurements with invasive ICP measurements with good results.3,4,6,9,10,11 Focal and systemic pathology such as tumours, metastasis, haemorrhage, Grave’s disease and pseudotumour, however, may render false positive results.4 Bäuerle et al.12 found no correlation between ONSD and gender, age (only patients ≥18 years included) and body mass index to provide a single cut-off value for all patients. Optic nerve ultrasound for the detection of raised intracranial pressure. keywords: icp; measurements; nerve; optic; patients; pressure; study; ultrasound cache: sajr-745.htm plain text: sajr-745.txt item: #880 of 946 id: sajr-748 author: None title: None date: None words: 1731 flesch: 48 summary: Simple inversion appendectomy comprises ligation and division of the mesoappendix, full length inversion into the caecum and a seromuscular purse-string suture placed around the base of the appendix.9,10 With simple inversion or inversion ligation, 31% of the appendices disappear and 69% remain visible, floating in the caecal lumen.8 The shape of the appendix may alter with postural change,1 as shown in Figures 1b–1e in the present report. Inverted appendix: Computed tomographic colonography diagnosis in a patient and lesson learned In This Case Report... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Case report • Discussion • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests • References Abstract Top ↑ The role of computed tomographic colonography in the diagnosis of an inverted appendix is described in an adult woman, with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, who underwent a laparotomy during her childhood for severe abdominal pain. keywords: appendectomy; appendix; ctc; inversion; inverted; patient cache: sajr-748.htm plain text: sajr-748.txt item: #881 of 946 id: sajr-75 author: Duncan, I C title: Pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and the thrombotic microangiopathic syndromes of pregnanacy date: 2005-04-03 words: 3156 flesch: 51 summary: contents TIB Introduction The pregnancy-related syndromes of pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, the Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelets or HELLP syndrome, and the Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura/Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (TTP/HUS) are a group of disorders shar- ing various clinical and pathogenetic fea- tures, principally related to endothelial damage and development of thrombotic microangiopathy triggered by pregnancy. HELLP syndrome occurs to some degree in about 4 - 39% of women with pre-eclampsia. keywords: cases; cerebral; eclampsia; hellp; hus; pre; pregnancy; syndrome; ttp cache: sajr-75.pdf plain text: sajr-75.txt item: #882 of 946 id: sajr-76 author: Bihl, G title: Practical issues in the prevention and treatment of contrast nephrotoxity date: 2005-04-03 words: 2317 flesch: 50 summary: Although the incidence of contrast nephropathy (CN) is low in the general population (1 - 2%) it poses a serious risk to those with impaired kidney function. Recommended peri-procedural methods to prevent contrast nephropathy. keywords: contrast; creatinine; function; ionic; kidney; patients; renal; risk cache: sajr-76.pdf plain text: sajr-76.txt item: #883 of 946 id: sajr-760 author: None title: None date: None words: 1271 flesch: 37 summary: The clinical correlation of intractable seizures with the presence of bilateral intracranial disease has management and prognostic implications, thus making the presence of bilateral disease an important factor to all those involved in the management of the child with Sturge-Weber syndrome. Patients with bilateral intracranial disease are usually more severely affected with intractable seizures; therefore the diagnosis of unexpected bilateral SWS is clinically important as urther ischaemic injury reduces the cortex to a calcified non-functioning mantle.3 Diagnosis of SWS is usually made on clinical findings, and imaging is useful for confirming the diagnosis. keywords: disease; sturge; sws; syndrome; weber cache: sajr-760.htm plain text: sajr-760.txt item: #884 of 946 id: sajr-762 author: None title: None date: None words: 4370 flesch: 45 summary: Aortic valve calcium score as a predictor for outcome after TAVI using the Corevalve revalving system. Discussion Top ↑ TAVI is an established percutaneous method for the treatment of critical aortic stenosis1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 in high-risk patients and is relatively new in the South African context.12 The Agatston calcification scoring system5,7,8,10 for aortic valve calcification has been proposed in the past as well as manual valve plaque calcification scoring systems9 with and without the use of computer software, linking complications such as paravalvular leak and long-term patient survival to these scores13,14,15 and proposing better patient selection prior to intervention. keywords: annulus; aortic; complications; facts; patients; procedure; score; scoring; study; tavi; valve cache: sajr-762.htm plain text: sajr-762.txt item: #885 of 946 id: sajr-77 author: Persson, P B; Patzak, A title: Potential mechanisms behind contrast medium-induced nephropathy date: 2005-04-03 words: 5272 flesch: 55 summary: Renal effects of iodixanol in patients: a comparison with other radiographic contrast media. Renal effects of low and isoosmolar contrast media on renal hemodynamic in a normal and ischemic dog kid- ney. keywords: cin; contrast; effects; et al; iso; kidney; med; media; osmolar; patients; renal; risk cache: sajr-77.pdf plain text: sajr-77.txt item: #886 of 946 id: sajr-779 author: None title: None date: None words: 3583 flesch: 42 summary: MRI had the same results as CTM for the detection of preganglionic nerve root avulsion injuries and pseudomeningoceles involving nerve roots C7–T1; however, CTM detected some pseudomeningoceles and preganglionic nerve root avulsion injuries at nerve roots C5/C6 of one patient, which was not detected on MRI. Article Information Authors: Ewoudt van der Linde1 Vanesha Naidu1 Ayesha Mitha2 Antoine Rocher3 Affiliations: 1Department of Radiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa 2Department of Radiology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, South Africa 3Department of Orthopedics, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, South Africa Correspondence to: Ewoudt van der Linde Email: ewoudt@eventdoctors.co.za Postal address: PO Box 171, Hyper by the sea, Durban 4053, South Africa Dates: Received: 23 Jan. 2015 Accepted: 20 June 2015 Published: 15 Oct. 2015 How to cite this article: Van der Linde, E, Naidu, V, Mitha, A, Rocher, A. Diagnosis of nerve root avulsion injuries in adults with traumatic brachial plexopathies: MRI compared with CT myelography. keywords: avulsion; ctm; imaging; injuries; mri; nerve; plexus; preganglionic; pseudomeningoceles; root cache: sajr-779.htm plain text: sajr-779.txt item: #887 of 946 id: sajr-78 author: Corr, P; Lockhart, F title: Imaging of vertebral haemangiomas - contribution of MR imaging date: 2005-04-03 words: 1500 flesch: 57 summary: The prevalence of spinal haemangiomas varies from 10% to 12% from postmortem and radiographic studies.1,2 Sixty per cent of patients with haemangiomas are asympto- matic and are discovered as incidental find- ings on imaging.3 Twenty per cent of patients present with pain, which is usually not related to the spinal haemangioma.3 However approximately 20% of patients become symptomatic with increasing pain related to the haemangioma, or less com- monly with progressive neurological signs with or without signs of spinal cord com- pression.3,4 We present 4 cases to demon- strate the clinical spectrum and imaging findings of spinal haemangiomas. keywords: case; fig; spinal cache: sajr-78.pdf plain text: sajr-78.txt item: #888 of 946 id: sajr-784 author: None title: None date: None words: 3575 flesch: 43 summary: We found that in the past 12 years, routine abdominopelvic CT detected only 3 cases of disease recurrence. Conclusion: Routine post-treatment abdominopelvic CT showed a low detection rate of disease recurrence in children treated for Wilms tumour, while subjecting patients to a large radiation burden. keywords: abdominopelvic; disease; follow; imaging; patients; surveillance; treatment; tumour; wilms cache: sajr-784.htm plain text: sajr-784.txt item: #889 of 946 id: sajr-79 author: Movson, I J; Buccimazza, I title: Diabetic mastopathy - clinical and mammographic findings date: 2005-04-03 words: 1206 flesch: 63 summary: According to them recurrence tends to be in the same location and involves more breast tissue than the preceding lesion. The condition simulates breast cancer and is often poorly recog- nised. keywords: breast; diabetic; left; mastopathy cache: sajr-79.pdf plain text: sajr-79.txt item: #890 of 946 id: sajr-790 author: None title: None date: None words: 2112 flesch: 47 summary: Despite the various benefits associated with PACS implementation, it is not yet clear what referring physicians think of such systems. A critical analysis of the data collected indicated that most referring physicians perceive PACS to be beneficial. keywords: benefits; data; pacs; participants; physicians; results cache: sajr-790.htm plain text: sajr-790.txt item: #891 of 946 id: sajr-792 author: None title: None date: None words: 1820 flesch: 44 summary: MRI signal characteristics of CAB lesions include T1-weighted low-to-intermediate signal intensity depending on the internal fat content within the lesion. Corresponding T2-weighted high-signal intensity is shown in CAB lesions owing to vascular and cystic/fluid components.2 There is a wide differential diagnosis (Table 2) for CAB. keywords: authors; bone; cab; figure; lesions; source; work cache: sajr-792.htm plain text: sajr-792.txt item: #892 of 946 id: sajr-8 author: None title: SAJR 878 date: None words: 853 flesch: 38 summary: On post-contrast T1WI (Fig. 3), a cluster of intensely enhancing nodular lesions were detected. There was intense perilesional oedema, with considerable mass effect. keywords: fig; lesion; schistosomiasis cache: sajr-8.htm plain text: sajr-8.txt item: #893 of 946 id: sajr-80 author: Misser, S K; Corr, P; Jogessar, V B title: Neuropenic enterocolitis complicating acute lymphoblastic leukaemia date: 2005-04-03 words: 2356 flesch: 48 summary: There was also marked dilatation of the caecum with extensive bowel wall thickening involving the entire right colon, proximal transverse colon and terminal ileum. Neutropenic enterocolitis due to Clostridium sep- ticum infection. keywords: acute; bowel; enterocolitis; fig; leukaemia; neutropenic; patient; wall cache: sajr-80.pdf plain text: sajr-80.txt item: #894 of 946 id: sajr-803 author: None title: None date: None words: 1574 flesch: 52 summary: Normal thymus may obscure or simulate upper lobe pneumonia (Figure 7).4,7,8 It is important for the radiologist and paediatrician to empirically recognise and differentiate normal thymus, its variants and mimics from pathology on a chest radiograph. keywords: chest; figure; lobe; normal; radiograph; thymus cache: sajr-803.htm plain text: sajr-803.txt item: #895 of 946 id: sajr-81 author: Bayat, M RH; Mahomedy, S; Misser, S K; Corr, P title: Pancreatic hyatid cyst mimicking a choledochal cyst date: 2005-04-03 words: 1396 flesch: 50 summary: 5. Ismail K, Haluk GI, Necati O. Surgical treatment of hydatid cysts of the pancreas. Hydatid cyst of the pancreas: a case report with 5 years’ follow-up. keywords: cyst; disease; hydatid; pancreas; pancreatic cache: sajr-81.pdf plain text: sajr-81.txt item: #896 of 946 id: sajr-815 author: None title: None date: None words: 240 flesch: 62 summary: These are selected MR images. FIGURE 1: Axial FLAIR MR image. keywords: figure cache: sajr-815.htm plain text: sajr-815.txt item: #897 of 946 id: sajr-817 author: None title: None date: None words: 1353 flesch: 36 summary: The association of CILF with various intracranial anomalies is well established and emphasises the need for neuroimaging in these patients, even in the absence of neurological features.2,3,4 Radiologically, CILF is a non-encapsulated, diffusely infiltrating lipomatous mass with hypertrophy of underlying soft tissue structures and bony elements. MRI demonstrates an extensive, non-encapsulated left facial mass with fat signal (arrowheads) extending into the soft tissue spaces of the neck (short arrow) with associated hypertrophy of the left masseter muscle (asterisk) and parotid gland (open arrow). keywords: associated; cilf; face; lipomatosis; tissue cache: sajr-817.htm plain text: sajr-817.txt item: #898 of 946 id: sajr-818 author: None title: sajr-818 date: None words: 3041 flesch: 45 summary: Percutaneous core-needle biopsy has become the method of choice for the pathologic evaluation of clinically occult breast lesions.10 Vacuum-assisted biopsy is currently preferred to core-needle biopsy, especially for subclinical lesions and lesions displaying microcalcifications.11 SVAB was introduced in 1995 and allows better characterisation of breast lesions than conventional core-needle biopsy by employing larger gauge needles, thus yielding larger tissue specimens12,13 with a sensitivity and a predictive negative value of more than 99%.12 Utilisation of larger gauge needles yields more representative tissue samples (Figure 2), so decreasing the likelihood of false-negative or false-positive findings.9 FIGURE 2: Stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy specimen view for documentation purposes and confirmation of intra-lesional microcalcifications. Positive predictive value for malignancy on surgical excision of breast lesions of uncertain malignant potential (B3) diagnosed by stereotactic vacuum-assisted needle core biopsy (VANCB): keywords: biopsy; breast; dcis; lesions; rads; stereotactic; study; svab; underestimation cache: sajr-818.htm plain text: sajr-818.txt item: #899 of 946 id: sajr-82 author: Modi, Mala title: A new era at Wits date: 2005-04-03 words: 711 flesch: 51 summary: It is well and good to have state-of-the-art equipment in outlying hospitals, but remember these hospitals are recruiting qualified staff from the academic cir- cuits, and it makes little sense not to educate our staff on such equipment and then to send them out to work, often alone, on very sophisticated equipment that they are not at all familiar with! Johannesburg General, Helen Joseph and Coronation hos- pitals all have new 16-slice CT scanners (Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital has had two 4-slice CT scanners for the last few years), and 20 years after its inception the richest province in South Africa is bringing MR imaging to the public sector. keywords: hospitals; radiology cache: sajr-82.pdf plain text: sajr-82.txt item: #900 of 946 id: sajr-829 author: None title: sajr-829 date: None words: 3950 flesch: 42 summary: Objectives: To describe the demographic characteristics and chest X-ray patterns of children with pulmonary MDR-TB and to compare the chest X-ray patterns of pulmonary MDR-TB between children who are HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected. TABLE 2: Comparison of chest X-ray patterns in children with prior standard TB treatment for the current episode and children with no recorded prior standard TB treatment for the current episode. keywords: chest; children; hiv; mdr; pulmonary; ray; treatment cache: sajr-829.htm plain text: sajr-829.txt item: #901 of 946 id: sajr-83 author: Modi, M; Mochan, A; Modi, G title: Management of HIV-associated focal brain lesions in developing countries - experience at Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital date: 2005-04-03 words: 5426 flesch: 53 summary: Pathological lesions in HIV positive patients. The guidelines as pro- posed would adversely influence out- come if applied to patients in develop- ing countries. Objective. keywords: diagnosis; enhancement; fbl; hiv; lesions; neurocysticercosis; patients; toxoplasmosis; treatment cache: sajr-83.pdf plain text: sajr-83.txt item: #902 of 946 id: sajr-834 author: None title: None date: None words: 367 flesch: 52 summary: Article Information Authors: E.B. Arkink1,2 J.H.M. Frijns3 B.M. Verbist1,4 Affiliations: 1Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands 2Department of Radiology, Medical Center Haaglanden, The Netherlands 3Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands 4Department of Radiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, The Netherlands Correspondence to: E.B. Arkink Email: e.b.arkink@lumc.nl Postal address: Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands How to cite this article: Arkink, E.B., Frijns, J.H.M., Verbist, B.M. Temporal bone imaging. keywords: bone; netherlands cache: sajr-834.htm plain text: sajr-834.txt item: #903 of 946 id: sajr-84 author: Andronikou, S title: CT scanning may adversely influence choice of surgery in paediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma - a note of caution date: 2005-04-03 words: 1344 flesch: 56 summary: Introduction The literature presents two views regarding the treatment of paediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma. A twen- ty-year experience with thyroid carcinoma in children. keywords: lesion; surgery; thyroid cache: sajr-84.pdf plain text: sajr-84.txt item: #904 of 946 id: sajr-85 author: Modi, M; Mochan, A; Modi, G; Hale, M J title: Haemorrhage in intracranial tuberculosis date: 2005-04-03 words: 1748 flesch: 49 summary: Roh J, Kang D. A case of tuberculous meningi- tis complicated by intracerebral haemorrhage. untitled Introduction Intracranial tuberculosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries where tuberculosis is endemic.1 In the central nervous system tuberculosis manifests as cerebritis, cerebral abscess, tuberculoma, and tubercu- lous meningitis (TBM).1-5 TBM is thought to arise from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) seeding of a ruptured pial or subependymal granuloma.2-5 Tuberculomata result from haemato- genous dissemination and histologi- cally are granulomas with central areas of caseous necrosis.2-5 Tuberculomata may develop whilst patients are on treatment for TB.6 The co-occurrence of intracranial tuberculoma and TBM is well recog- nized.2-5 Medical therapy is effective for both forms, with a high cure rate in TBM, and a regression in size of the lesion with improvement of neuro- logical deficit in tuberculoma.1-6 Deterioration in patients with TBM is caused by the development of obstructive hydrocephalus or cerebral infarction on the basis of endarteri- tis.1-7 Deterioration in patients with tuberculoma may result from para- doxical expansion of the lesion, poor treatment compliance, and postulated haemorrhage into the tuberculoma.5,6 Intracranial haemorrhage as a com- plication of TBM has been described, albeit rarely.8-16 There are a few case reports of patients with TBM compli- cated by intraventricular, intracerebral and subarachnoid haemorrhage on an aneurysmal or non-aneurysmal basis.8-16 keywords: case; haemorrhage; meningitis; report; subarachnoid; tbm; tuberculous cache: sajr-85.pdf plain text: sajr-85.txt item: #905 of 946 id: sajr-852 author: None title: None date: None words: 2675 flesch: 51 summary: This article aims to highlight review areas and ‘do not miss’ lesions over and above the known and easily recognised injuries often sought when analysing computed tomography (CT) brains for head injury. Approximately 4% of head injuries were due to assault. keywords: arrow; figure; fractures; head; injury; trauma cache: sajr-852.htm plain text: sajr-852.txt item: #906 of 946 id: sajr-86 author: Bhagwandas, V K; Morar, R; Bhula, H D title: Bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia (BOOP) or cryptogenic organising pneumonia (COP) date: 2005-04-03 words: 1582 flesch: 47 summary: Idiopathic BOOP The diagno- sis of atypical pneumonia and BOOP was considered. keywords: boop; bronchiolitis; lung; obliterans; organising; pneumonia cache: sajr-86.pdf plain text: sajr-86.txt item: #907 of 946 id: sajr-87 author: Such, R; Joseph, E title: Lemierre's syndrome - the uncommon cold date: 2005-04-03 words: 1929 flesch: 47 summary: The evolution of Lemierre syndrome: report of 2 cases and review of the literature. Lemierre syndrome: forgotten but not extinct – report of four cases. keywords: ijv; lemierre; neck; septic; syndrome; vein cache: sajr-87.pdf plain text: sajr-87.txt item: #908 of 946 id: sajr-877 author: None title: sajr-877 date: None words: 3117 flesch: 51 summary: Adequacy of pediatric renal tract ultrasound requests and reports in a general radiology department. Published: 18 Dec. 2015 How to cite this article: Kilborn T. A case-based approach to UTI imaging – making sense of the guidelines. keywords: 99mtc; case; children; imaging; mag3; pmid; renal; ultrasound; uti; vur cache: sajr-877.htm plain text: sajr-877.txt item: #909 of 946 id: sajr-88 author: Jogi, D H; Patel, M title: Mesial temporal sclerosis date: 2005-04-03 words: 1433 flesch: 52 summary: Imaging findings Primary signs Secondary signs Hyperintense signal on T2 Enlarged temporal horn of lateral ventricle and FLAIR sequences Loss of internal architecture Decreased signal on T1WI Atrophy of hippocampus Poor grey-white matter definition Fornix, mamillary body, temporal lobe and thalamic atrophy 25-27 7/29/05 3:27 PM Page 27 Temporal horn; 2. Cornu ammonis (Ammon’s horn, hippocampus proper); 3. keywords: coronal; fig; hippocampal; lobe; mri cache: sajr-88.pdf plain text: sajr-88.txt item: #910 of 946 id: sajr-881 author: None title: sajr-881 date: None words: 2909 flesch: 48 summary: How to cite this article: Kilborn T, Moodley, H, Mears, S. Elbow your way into reporting paediatric elbow fractures – A simple approach. Elbow your way into reporting paediatric elbow fractures – A simple approach In This Pictorial Essay... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction    • A systematic approach to reporting       • Reporting checklist1    • Step 1 – Evaluate radiographic technique    • Step 2 – Look for soft tissue swelling and joint effusion    • Step 3 – Evaluate alignment    • Step 4 – Identify ossification centres    • Step 5 – Look for distal humeral fractures       • a) Supracondylar fracture (50%–70%) (Diagram 1)       • Not to be missed look–alike – Non-accidental injury (NAI)       • b) Lateral condyle 10%–15% (Diagram 2)       • c) Medial epicondyle 10% (Diagram 3)       • d) Medial condyle (<1%) (Diagram 4)       • e) Lateral epicondyle (<1%) (Diagram 5)       • f) keywords: arrow; diagram; elbow; figure; fracture; line; tissue cache: sajr-881.htm plain text: sajr-881.txt item: #911 of 946 id: sajr-886 author: None title: None date: None words: 1385 flesch: 41 summary: Fibrolipomatous hamartoma of the median nerve In This Case Report... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction • Case presentation • Discussion • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests • References Abstract Top ↑ Fibrolipomatous hamartoma is a rare benign tumour most commonly affecting the median nerve and is characterised by fibro-fatty nerve infiltration. Introduction Top ↑ Fibrolipomatous hamartoma, neural fibrolipoma or lipomatosis of the median nerve as described by the WHO is a rare benign tumour.1 Fibrolipomatous hamartoma is characterised by mature adipocyte proliferation within the nerve separating axonal bundles within the perineurium. keywords: appearance; figure; hamartoma; median; nerve cache: sajr-886.htm plain text: sajr-886.txt item: #912 of 946 id: sajr-887 author: None title: None date: None words: 1727 flesch: 41 summary: Krabbe disease – An unusual presentation of optic nerve enlargement In This Case Report... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction    • Case 1    • Case 2 • Discussion • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests    • Authors’ contributions • References Abstract Top ↑ Krabbe disease is an autosomal recessive leukodystrophy that presents clinically with regression of milestones, excessive irritability and inconsolable crying. Although optic atrophy is a classic presentation of Krabbe disease, we report on two patients who are biological brothers presenting with optic nerve enlargement in addition to other typical magnetic resonance imaging features of Krabbe disease, thereby confounding the initial diagnosis. keywords: disease; figure; krabbe; matter; optic cache: sajr-887.htm plain text: sajr-887.txt item: #913 of 946 id: sajr-888 author: None title: None date: None words: 2485 flesch: 49 summary: In This Pictorial Essay... Open Access • Abstract • Introduction    • Umbilical catheters       • Umbilical venous catheter (UVC)       • Anomalous positions       • Complications       • Umbilical arterial catheter (UAC)       • Complications       • Endotracheal tube (ETT)       • Complications       • Nasogastric tube (NGT)       • Complications       • Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS)       • Complications       • Others • Acknowledgements    • Competing interests • References • Appendix 1: Self-test Questions    • Where is the line/tube? Abstract Top ↑ Radiologists are confronted with a spectrum of catheters placed in various locations in routine radiology practice and have to be familiar with the different catheters, their uses and acceptable positioning for suggested safe practice. The American College of Radiology (ACR) recommends a CXR immediately following placement of indwelling tubes, catheters and other devices to check their positions and detect procedure-related complications.1 Umbilical catheters Umbilical venous catheter keywords: catheter; complications; figure; right; tube; umbilical; vein cache: sajr-888.htm plain text: sajr-888.txt item: #914 of 946 id: sajr-89 author: Beningfield, Steve title: New route to specialisation - unity at last? date: 2005-04-03 words: 671 flesch: 42 summary: From 2004, only university academic degrees but not College qualifications have been subsidised, meaning a significant poten- tial loss of income to the universities unless an MMed or equivalent is also obtained by College graduates. The counter argument is that learning the anatomy earlier allows one to benefit more from clinical training. keywords: college; radiology cache: sajr-89.pdf plain text: sajr-89.txt item: #915 of 946 id: sajr-893 author: None title: None date: None words: 1252 flesch: 29 summary: Sporadically, meconium peritonitis may result in fixation of the inflamed bowel loops, forming a contained collection with a membranous wall, into which meconium may leak continuously from the perforation site.1,2,3,4,5 The presence of a meconium pseudocyst indicates complex peritonitis which necessitates specialist evaluation, delivery at a tertiary care facility and, in most cases, neonatal surgical intervention.2 Case report Top ↑ A 25-year-old HIV-positive pregnant woman (G3P2) was referred for antenatal ultrasound (US) at 28 weeks, which revealed a large, cystic intra-abdominal mass within the fetus, with an irregularly calcified rim and internal echoes (Figure 1). If the perforation site is not sealed off properly, meconium continues to extravasate into the peritoneal cavity.1,2,3,4,5 Dystrophic peritoneal calcifications are present in 85% of cases and may form as early as 12 hours postperforation,2,3 but may only become visible radiologically after a few weeks.1 Occasionally, a contained, meconium-filled collection outlined by adhered bowel loops may form – a meconium pseudocyst.1,2,3,4,5 Meconium peritonitis is a rare entity, with an incidence of 1:35 000 live births, usually presenting during or after the 2nd trimester of pregnancy.3 Various causes of meconium peritonitis exist, including intestinal atresia/stenosis, volvulus, intussusception, Meckel’s diverticulum or peritoneal bands.1,2,3,4,5 A relatively strong association with cystic fibrosis is seen in between 8% – 40% of patients diagnosed with meconium peritonitis, in which meconium ileus with subsequent perforation is the most likely cause.1,2,4 The association of meconium peritonitis with intra-uterine CMV and Parvovirus B19-infections is documented.4,5 Characteristic ante- and postnatal US findings include ascites, numerous scattered intra-peritoneal calcifications, and bowel distention (a combination which is pathognomonic for meconium peritonitis),2 and polyhydramnios (secondary to bowel obstruction).1,2,3,4,5 Fluid and/or calcifications may also be present in the scrotum owing to a patent processus vaginalis (meconium periorchitis). keywords: bowel; meconium; peritonitis; pseudocyst cache: sajr-893.htm plain text: sajr-893.txt item: #916 of 946 id: sajr-899 author: None title: sajr-899 date: None words: 4853 flesch: 40 summary: RV-pulmonary artery conduit stenosis The rare, severe variant of TOF-PA associated with atresia of the pulmonary valve or pulmonary artery is repaired by way of a Rastelli operation whereby a synthetic or biological conduit (homograft) is interposed between the RVOT and pulmonary arteries, which might have required prior augmentation. Serious limitations relate mainly to the small acoustic window that sometimes precludes the evaluation of certain anatomical structures such as the ascending aorta, right ventricle (RV) size and function, aberrant coronary anatomy, pulmonary arteries and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs). keywords: arteries; artery; cardiac; cta; ecg; echocardiography; figure; imaging; radiation; right; rvot; tof cache: sajr-899.htm plain text: sajr-899.txt item: #917 of 946 id: sajr-9 author: None title: SAJR 959 date: None words: 1005 flesch: 60 summary: Dual left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) is defined as the presence of two LADs within the anterior interventricular sulcus (AIVS), and is classified into four types. S Afr J Rad 2013;17(4):145-146. DOI:10.7196/SAJR.959 Dual left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) is defined as the presence of two LADs within the anterior interventricular sulcus (AIVS): a short LAD that courses and terminates high in the AIVS, and a long LAD that originates from either the LAD proper or from the right coronary artery (RCA), then enters the distal AIVS and courses to the apex.1 Type IV can be differentiated from the other types by the long LAD originating from the RCA. keywords: artery; coronary; lad cache: sajr-9.htm plain text: sajr-9.txt item: #918 of 946 id: sajr-90 author: Szkup, P.; Beningfield, S. title: Endovascular treatment of post-traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulae using latex detachable balloons date: 2005-04-03 words: 6840 flesch: 55 summary: Balloon catheter and occlusion of major cerebral vessels. 2,3,17,19,30,32 Conclusion From this analysis of the 34 cases of CCF treated over 4 years, the fol- lowing conclusions can be drawn: (i) a high percentage (91%) of direct CCFs were successfully occluded with detachable balloons; (ii) in 53% of cases the ICA was preserved; (iii) the latex Goldvalve balloons used in all cases proved to be very effective; and (iv) there were no permanent neurological complications in any of the patients treated. keywords: artery; balloon; carotid; catheter; cavernous; ccfs; fistula; ica; latex; patients; radiology; sinus; treatment cache: sajr-90.pdf plain text: sajr-90.txt item: #919 of 946 id: sajr-902 author: None title: None date: None words: 2003 flesch: 33 summary: Right isomerism is associated with trilobed lungs with eparterial bronchi (Figure 12) whereas left isomerism is associated with bilobed lungs with hyparterial bronchi (Figure 13).1,8 Major lung fissures can be identified on conventional CT as hypovascular lucent bands, or on high-resolution CT as sharp lines.1,9 FIGURE 12: Illustration of trilobed lungs with eparterial bronchus in right isomerism. Right isomerism commonly presents with atrioventricular canal defects (AVCD) (Figure 8), pulmonary stenosis or atresia, and transposition of the great arteries (TGA), with or without double outflow from the right ventricle (DORV) (Figure 9).1 Heart defects associated with left isomerism tend to be less complex. keywords: chest; figure; heterotaxy; isomerism; left; right; syndrome cache: sajr-902.htm plain text: sajr-902.txt item: #920 of 946 id: sajr-903 author: None title: None date: None words: 4968 flesch: 47 summary: Imaging in anorectal malformations: What does the surgeon need to know? Imaging in anorectal malformations: What does the surgeon need to know? keywords: arm; distal; figure; fistula; imaging; malformations; mri; patients; pressure; rectum; ultrasound cache: sajr-903.htm plain text: sajr-903.txt item: #921 of 946 id: sajr-91 author: Dahya, V.; Andronikou, S. title: The paediatric suprasellar cistern as an important CT review area date: 2005-04-03 words: 961 flesch: 57 summary: The paediatric suprasellar cistern as an important CT review area V Dahya MB BCh, FCRad (Diag) SA S Andronikou MB BCh, FCRad (Diag) SA, FRCR Department of Radiology University of Cape Town and Red Cross Children’s Hospital Table I. Relations and contents of suprasellar cistern and the more common paediatric pathological entities Structure Pathology Relations Inferior: pituitary gland/sella • Craniopharyngioma/ Rathke cleft cyst (embryological rests along vestigeal craniopharygeal duct) • Pituitary adenoma (rare) 11 A germ-cell tumour with hyper- density of the tumour and calcifica- tion (open black arrow) pre-contrast PICTORIAL REVIEW Fig. keywords: cistern; fig; suprasellar cache: sajr-91.pdf plain text: sajr-91.txt item: #922 of 946 id: sajr-913 author: None title: None date: None words: 2052 flesch: 38 summary: Paediatric radiology from a psychosocial lens In This Review Article... Open Access • Abstract • History and overview of the child life profession • Significance of child life services and specific research in paediatric imaging • Current status of child life in South Africa • The future of child life in South Africa • Conclusion • Acknowledgements    • The CLC intends that all CCLSs should ‘strive to reduce the negative impact of stressful or traumatic life events and situations that affect the development, health and well-being of infants, children, youth and families by embracing the value of play as a healing modality’.1,7 Significance of child life services and specific research in paediatric imaging Top ↑ Traditionally, child life services focused on providing support for inpatients; however, in recent years, CCLS have adapted services to accommodate acute outpatient medical settings such as diagnostic imaging. keywords: africa; child; children; life; paediatric; services; south cache: sajr-913.htm plain text: sajr-913.txt item: #923 of 946 id: sajr-915 author: None title: None date: None words: 1609 flesch: 41 summary: The histopathological appearance has been confused with primitive neuroectodermal tumours (PNETs), but medulloepitheliomas have a more aggressive clinical course. Medulloepitheliomas are classified as WHO Grade IV embryonal tumours, but unlike other PNETS they have a dismal prognosis. keywords: children; cystic; hospital; medulloepithelioma; red; tumour cache: sajr-915.htm plain text: sajr-915.txt item: #924 of 946 id: sajr-917 author: Office, Editorial title: Acknowledgement to reviewers date: 2015-07-31 words: 383 flesch: 37 summary: Reviewer Acknowledgement Open Accesshttp://www.sajr.org.za Page 1 of 1 The editorial team of SA Journal of Radiology recognises the value and importance of peer reviewers in the overall publication process – not only in shaping individual manuscripts, but also in shaping the credibility and reputation of our journal. It is good practice as a reviewer to update your personal details regularly to ensure contact with you throughout your professional term as reviewer to SA Journal of Radiology. keywords: journal; radiology cache: sajr-917.pdf plain text: sajr-917.txt item: #925 of 946 id: sajr-919 author: None title: sajr-919 date: None words: 3645 flesch: 43 summary: In addition, children have a longer lifetime during which cancer may develop from exposure to radiation.6,12,7,8 For these reasons, we tend to have a more cautious approach to the use of ionising radiation imaging in children than in adults. And third, the following are a few simple things we all can do when we perform ionising radiation imaging tests (e.g. CT scans) that will reduce childhood radiation exposure: FIGURE 2: The Image Gently campaign’s simple message about CT scanning in children. keywords: campaign; children; dose; exposure; image; imaging; medical; radiation; risk cache: sajr-919.htm plain text: sajr-919.txt item: #926 of 946 id: sajr-92 author: Andronikou, S.; Patel, M.; Sinclair, P.; McCulloch, M title: Hypertensive encephalopathy with CT confirmatin in four children with acute renal disease date: 2005-04-03 words: 1711 flesch: 52 summary: Post-contrast CT scan of the brain demon- strates bilateral parafalcine areas of low density in the posterior parietal and occipital white matter (straight arrows). Axial post-contrast CT scan of the brain shows bilateral parafalcine posterior parietal white matter low densities (arrows) without associated enhancement. keywords: children; hypertensive; radiology cache: sajr-92.pdf plain text: sajr-92.txt item: #927 of 946 id: sajr-928 author: None title: None date: None words: 2843 flesch: 35 summary: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pulmonary infection Top ↑ Etiology The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 2013 global report identifies 2.9 million children infected with HIV living in sub-Saharan Africa, which is the highest incidence in the world.1 The hallmark of HIV infection is the progressive depletion of CD4+T lymphocytes as a result of reduced production and increased destruction.2 In addition to T cell destruction and impaired cell-mediated immune response, HIV infection is also associated with defects in humoral (B cell) immunity leading to an impaired ability to generate antigen specific response.3 HIV leads to progressive immunodeficiency, opportunistic infection, AIDS related malignancy and ultimately death. keywords: chest; children; chronic; disease; figure; hiv; infection; lung; pmid; pulmonary cache: sajr-928.htm plain text: sajr-928.txt item: #928 of 946 id: sajr-929 author: None title: None date: None words: 2368 flesch: 53 summary: It is found in approximately 50% of families with X-linked hearing loss.23 Most of the other types of X-linked hearing loss, such as X-linked deafness type 3 (DFNX3, DFN4), show no evidence of radiographic abnormalities of the temporal bone. The combination of clinical and imaging findings in this patient are characteristic of IP type-III, which is often also referred to as X-linked deafness type 2 (DFNX2).1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 This inner ear anomaly is a rare congenital cause of progressive mixed (conductive and sensorineural) hearing loss. keywords: cochlear; deafness; hearing; iii; imaging; loss; pmid; type cache: sajr-929.htm plain text: sajr-929.txt item: #929 of 946 id: sajr-93 author: Szkup, P.; Kelly, M.; Meguro, K. title: Indirect carotid-cavernous fistula - embolisation using the superior ophthalmic vein approach date: 2005-04-03 words: 2387 flesch: 49 summary: 2. AP view of cavernous sinus venogram via microcatheter (arrow) passed through the SOV. Fig. 3. AP view of cavernous sinus venograms performed via microcatheter passed through the SOV (arrow). keywords: approach; carotid; cavernous; sinus; sov; vein; venous cache: sajr-93.pdf plain text: sajr-93.txt item: #930 of 946 id: sajr-936 author: None title: None date: None words: 5610 flesch: 40 summary: Long-term outcome after surgical treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy in children. PMID: 18261930, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.031 Coan AC, Kubota B, Bergo FP, Campos BM, Cendes F. 3T MRI quantification of hippocampal volume and signal in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy improves detection of hippocampal sclerosis. keywords: cases; children; epilepsy; figure; imaging; lobe; matter; mri; patients; pmid; sclerosis; seizures; studies; type; white cache: sajr-936.htm plain text: sajr-936.txt item: #931 of 946 id: sajr-94 author: Andronikou, S.; du Toit, G.; Carrighal, M.; Argent, A. title: Imaging findings in a patient with eosinophilic pneumonia (Loffler's syndrome) date: 2005-04-03 words: 1857 flesch: 37 summary: Drug induced lung disease: high- resolution CT and histological findings. Our HRCT findings correspond with the histological reports of pulmonary eosinophilia and Löffler’s disease, which demon- strate thick alveolar walls and intersti- tial infiltration by eosinophils, lym- phocytes and plasma cells.1,3 Alveolar spaces contain aggregates of histio- cytes and numerous eosinophils.1 In contradistinction to Wegner’s dis- ease, which also has pulmonary eosinophilic infiltrates, eosinophilic pneumonia preserves the lung archi- tecture.1 True hypersensitivity pneu- monitis (usually caused in children by exposure to numerous bird antigens) shows ground-glass attenuation, but has centrilobular nodules.6,10 HRCT findings have been report- ed for numerous diffuse lung diseases in children including bronchiolitis obliterans, hypersensitivity pneu- monitis, recurrent aspiration, Langer- hans cell histiocytosis, idiopathic pul- monary haemosiderosis, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, lymphangioleio- myomatosis, congenital lymphangiec- tasia, alveolar microlithiasis, pul- monary vein atresia, capillary heman- giomatosis, Gaucher’s disease, Nieman- Pick disease, as well as for the idio- pathic pneumonitides (desquamative interstitial pneumonitis (DIP), nor- mal interstitial pneumonitis (NIP), lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP), and chronic organising pneumonitis (COP)/ bronchiolitis obstructive organising pneumonitis ( keywords: disease; eosinophilic; findings; lung; löffler; pulmonary; syndrome cache: sajr-94.pdf plain text: sajr-94.txt item: #932 of 946 id: sajr-940 author: None title: sajr-940 date: None words: 2601 flesch: 29 summary: Paediatric interventional radiology procedures BOX 1: Paediatric interventional radiology procedures. keywords: children; figure; image; interventional; paediatric; procedures; radiology; vascular cache: sajr-940.htm plain text: sajr-940.txt item: #933 of 946 id: sajr-95 author: Bayat, M.R.H.; Sarawan, J, title: CT and MRI findings in Lhermitte-Duclos disease date: 2005-04-03 words: 1309 flesch: 52 summary: Perez-Nunez A, Lagares A, Benitez J, et al. Lhermitte-Duclos disease and Cowden disease: clinical and genetic study in five patients with Lhermitte-Duclos disease and literature review. Radiology Abstract Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD) is a rare cerebellar lesion of uncertain ori- gin. keywords: disease; ldd; lesion; mri cache: sajr-95.pdf plain text: sajr-95.txt item: #934 of 946 id: sajr-951 author: None title: sajr-951 date: None words: 1165 flesch: 33 summary: Over the past five years, SASPI has striven for excellence in paediatric imaging in South Africa and beyond. This priority for South African paediatric imaging has also filtered its way into written questions for the FCRadDiag(SA) exit examination. keywords: imaging; paediatric; saspi; south cache: sajr-951.htm plain text: sajr-951.txt item: #935 of 946 id: sajr-956 author: None title: None date: None words: 540 flesch: 46 summary: The increasing number of first time unique visitors to the online journal, including local South African (23.25%) and international visitors from the United States of America (23.25%), India (10.27%) and the United Kingdom (4.18%), is testament. Collaborating with the dynamic South African Society of Paediatric Imaging (SASPI), the team worked toward publishing the SAJR/SASPI paediatric edition consisting of 18 articles. keywords: sajr; south cache: sajr-956.htm plain text: sajr-956.txt item: #936 of 946 id: sajr-957 author: None title: sajr-957 date: None words: 1947 flesch: 46 summary: This pattern is non-specific and can be seen in primary or metastatic tumours as well as in tumefactive demyelinating lesions. BOX 1: Imaging features suggestive of Tumefactive demyelinating lesions. keywords: demyelinating; figure; imaging; lesions; matter; tdl cache: sajr-957.htm plain text: sajr-957.txt item: #937 of 946 id: sajr-959 author: None title: sajr-959 date: None words: 2957 flesch: 44 summary: Abstract Background: Uterine artery embolisation for the treatment of symptomatic uterine fibroids is a relatively new but internationally recognised procedure. Randomised comparison of uterine artery embolisation (UAE) with surgical treatment in patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids (REST trial): 5-year results. keywords: artery; embolisation; fibroids; patients; procedure; south; symptomatic; treatment cache: sajr-959.htm plain text: sajr-959.txt item: #938 of 946 id: sajr-96 author: Moosa, S.; Andronikou, S. title: Hypoxic-ischaemic injury - the 'white cerebellum sign' versus the true 'reversal sign' date: 2005-04-03 words: 848 flesch: 58 summary: There is central hyperdensity compared with the peripheral cortex, involving the thalami and central white matter, as well as in the infratentorial structures. Fig. 3. White cerebellum sign. keywords: radiology; reversal; sign cache: sajr-96.pdf plain text: sajr-96.txt item: #939 of 946 id: sajr-962 author: None title: sajr-962 date: None words: 3601 flesch: 49 summary: Conclusion: A specific growth model best described tumour growth observed in non-surgical and surgical cases. However, in all of the mentioned studies; however, heterogeneous criteria were used for defining tumour growth. keywords: cm3; exponential; growth; imaging; nfma; patients; pituitary; tumour; volume cache: sajr-962.htm plain text: sajr-962.txt item: #940 of 946 id: sajr-965 author: None title: sajr-965 date: None words: 2489 flesch: 44 summary: However, considering that we only evaluated patients with generalised seizures, our study size compares well with that of Pesola et al. (who also only evaluated patients with generalised seizures), who had a sample size of 26 patients.6 Inaccuracies in seizure history were unavoidable, but we countered this by documenting on our datasheet whether the seizure had been witnessed by a me dical staff member. keywords: emergency; generalised; hiv; patients; seizures cache: sajr-965.htm plain text: sajr-965.txt item: #941 of 946 id: sajr-97 author: Douis, H.; Andronikou, S.; Jadwat, J. title: The hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign in a polycythaemic child date: 2005-04-03 words: 448 flesch: 64 summary: Hall A, Wagle V. CT enhancement after use of cocaine. Hyperdense middle cerebral arteries identi- fied on CT as a false sign of vascular occlusion. keywords: sign cache: sajr-97.pdf plain text: sajr-97.txt item: #942 of 946 id: sajr-976 author: None title: sajr-976 date: None words: 3195 flesch: 44 summary: Methods: Requests and reports for the brain CT’s of 507 consecutive patients over a 2-year period, between 2013 and 2014, referred from a psychiatric institute for screening CT brain scans, were reviewed. They do, however, acknowledge that evidence regarding the possibility of routine CT imaging altering patient outcomes or clinical management is currently not available and needs to be explored.2 Aim The study aimed to determine the spectrum of abnormalities seen on brain CT scans of psychiatric patients for whom CT screening was performed. keywords: brain; patients; psychiatric; psychosis; scans; screening; study; symptoms cache: sajr-976.htm plain text: sajr-976.txt item: #943 of 946 id: sajr-98 author: Duncan, I.C. title: Re: The hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign in a polycythaemic child date: 2005-04-03 words: 662 flesch: 52 summary: A mildly hyperdense appearance of the right internal carotid termination and adjacent proximal M1 segment of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) was noted, more so than seen in other adjacent vessels, but not strikingly so (Fig. 1a). Hyperdense middle cerebral arteries identi- fied on CT as a false sign of vascular occlusion. keywords: hyperdense cache: sajr-98.pdf plain text: sajr-98.txt item: #944 of 946 id: sajr-990 author: None title: sajr-990 date: None words: 3015 flesch: 50 summary: Lesion detection, localisation and categorisation certainty: For the 261 lesions seen on the planar images in the SPECT FOV, lesion detection was definite in 233 (89.3%), localisation was definite in 151 (57.9%) and categorisation was definite in 123 (47.1%) lesions (Tables 2, 3 and 4). SPECT images were reconstructed using the Flash 3D ordered subset expectation maximisation (OSEM) keywords: bone; categorisation; detection; images; lesion; localisation; patients; spect cache: sajr-990.htm plain text: sajr-990.txt item: #945 of 946 id: sajr-993 author: None title: sajr-993 date: None words: 3270 flesch: 54 summary: Problems and limitations in thrombolysis of acute stroke patients at a tertiary care center. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.4422 Nolte CH, Malzahn U, Kühnle Y, Ploner CJ, Müller-Nordhorn J, Möckel M. Improvement of door-to-imaging time in acute stroke patients by implementation of an all-points alarm. keywords: africa; hospital; imaging; ischaemic; patients; south; stroke; study; time cache: sajr-993.htm plain text: sajr-993.txt item: #946 of 946 id: sajr-999 author: None title: sajr-999 date: None words: 2031 flesch: 44 summary: Tuberous sclerosis complex: A review. MRI findings reveal three different types of tubers in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. keywords: figure; image; matter; sclerosis; tuberous; white cache: sajr-999.htm plain text: sajr-999.txt