CPD QUESTIONNAIRE

80     SAJR  June 2013  Vol. 17  No. 2

A maximum of 5 CEUs will be awarded per correctly answered and completed test.

Concerning the article entitled ‘The tale of two embolisations’:
1.    In the vast majority of patients, massive haemoptysis originates from 

the bronchial circulation more so than the pulmonary circulation in 
the vast majority of patients.

2.    Bronchial artery embolisation has been used as preferential 
treatment for recurrent and massive haemoptysis since 1973.

3.    Rasmussen aneurysm is a common cause of recurrent and 
sometimes massive haemoptysis in patients with cavitatory 
pulmonary tuberculosis.

Concerning the article entitled ‘An unusual case of intrahepatic portosystemic 
venous shunt’:
4.    Intrahepatic shunts are more common than extrahepatic, and occur 

between intrahepatic portal veins and systemic veins.
5.    Pathogenesis of intrahepatic, non-tumorous portosystemic shunts 

may be due to portal hypertension.

Concerning the article entitled ‘Pseudoachondroplasia: Report on a South 
African family’:
6.    Affected individuals are born with normal facies and abnormal 

length.
7.    False achondroplasia is an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia 

that results in micromelic short stature, severe brachydactyly with 
markedly lax small joints and malalignment of lower limbs due to 
laxity of large joints.

8.    Pseudoachondroplasia is the most common of the group of disorders 
under the term spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasia.

9.    Mutations of the COMP gene, encoding the cartilage oligomeric 
mineral protein, cause pseudoachondroplasia.

Concerning the article entitled ‘The pattern and prevalence of vertebral artery 
injury in patients with cervical spine fractures’:
10.  Risk factors for vertebral artery injury include facet joint dislocations 

and fractures of the vertebral bodies of the 1st - 3rd cervical vertebrae.

11.  Fractures through/involving the transverse foramina of the cervical 
vertebrae have up to 78% incidence of vertebral artery injury.

12.  A grade IV injury of the vertebral artery according to the Blunt 
Carotid and Vertebral Artery Injuries (BCVI) Grading System 
includes transection and total occlusion of the vessel.

13.  Grade IV injuries of the vertebral arteries are associated with a 22% 
risk of stroke and a 44% risk of mortality.

Concerning the article entitled ‘Primary extradural meningioma arising from 
the calvarium’:
14.  Primary EDM represents a meningioma that arises in any tissue, 

without direct extension from an intracranial tumour.
15.  These tumours have previously been variously named as 

extracranial, ectopic, extradural, extraneuraxial, cutaneous, calvarial 
or intraosseous meningiomas.

16.  The most common MRI appearance is that of a hyperintense T1W 
and hypointense T2W bone lesion that shows intense homogeneous 
contrast enhancement following intravenous gadolinium 
administration.

17.  On CT examination, the part of the skull that is involved usually has 
a hyperdense osteolytic appearance and demonstrates no intense 
contrast enhancement.

Concerning the article entitled ‘Urachal remnant carcinoma – a rare entity’:
18.  In early fetal development, the ventral cloaca (precursor of the 

urinary bladder) is connected to the allantois via the urachus, which 
undergoes progressive involution, resulting in an obliterated, fibrous 
cord by 32 weeks’ gestation.

19.  Patients with urachal remnant carcinoma present early with 
haematuria, dysuria, abdominal pain, umbilical mass or bloody 
mucoid discharge.

20.  CT is pivotal in tumour staging, demonstrating local extent 
of disease, pelvic lymphadenopathy and systemic spread with 
perilesional fat stranding highly specific for malignancy.

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Accreditation number: MDB001/012/01/2013 (Clinical)

CPD QUESTIONNAIRE

Mark each numbered statement as true (A) or false (B).

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