32     SA JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY  •  March 2011  

CPD QUESTIONNAIRE

Give one correct answer for each question.

1.   Regarding the rare condition of idiopathic 
granulomatous mastitis (IGM), the following are 
correct, except for:

A.   It mimics breast carcinoma.
B.   It has characteristic ultrasound features.
C.   Diagnosis is made by core biopsy and histology.
D.   Surgical excision is the treatment of choice in all 

cases.

2.  Which one of the following statements is true?
A.   Ruptured ovarian artery aneurysms are extremely 

common.
B.   They occur during the peripartum or early 

postpartum periods.
C.   The most common symptom of rupture of an 

ovarian artery aneurysm is vaginal bleeding.
D.   Ultrasound is an excellent imaging technique 

for rapid and safe evaluation, and may be the 
examination of choice for such patients.

3.   Regarding Kosenow syndrome, which one of the 
following statements is false?

A.   The main components of the syndrome are varying 
degrees of bilateral iliac and scapular hypoplasia.

B.    It is an autosomal dominant condition.
C.    The acromion and coracoid process of the scapula 

are usually preserved despite severe hypoplasia of 
the body

D.   A unique feature is the well-formed femoral heads 
and ambulation with a fully functional though 
abnormal gait.

4.  Identify the one false statement below.
A.   Renal biopsy plays a pivotal role in determining the 

diagnosis in patients with impaired renal function 
and with other renal diseases.

B.   The pathology and pathogenesis of glomerular 
disease have become far better understood since 
the introduction of ultrasound (US)-guided renal 
biopsies.

C.   Horseshoe kidney is not considered a major 
contra-indication.

D.   Biopsies are specifically necessary in cases of:
•  unexplained renal failure
•  nephrotic syndrome
•  unexplained failure of a transplanted kidney
•  progressively worsening renal function.

5.     Which one of the following statements is false?
Relative contraindications for renal biopsy include:
A.  Bleeding diathesis
B.   Solitary kidney
C.  Severe hypertension conclusively documented
D.   End-stage or near end-stage renal disease with 

bilaterally small kidneys.

6.   Identify the one incorrect statement among the 
following choices.

A.   In total anomalous pulmonary venous return 
(TAPVR), the pulmonary veins make an abnormal 
connection to the right atrium, with coronary 
sinus or systemic veins resulting physiologically in 
an extracardiac right-to-left shunt. This anomaly 
is accompanied by an intracardiac left-to-right 
shunt through a patent foramen ovale or an atrial 
septal defect.

B.   TAPVR is a rare congenital cardiac defect that may 
present with cyanosis, cardiac failure and failure to 
thrive in infancy.

C.   TAPVR type 1 has a typical radiographic appearance 
of the heart termed the snowman.

D.   Children with chronic diseases are at greater risk of 
non-accidental injury.

7.   Regarding Camurati-Engelmann disease, all the 
following are correct, except for:

A.   Camurati-Engelmann disease, or progressive 
diaphyseal dysplasia, is a rare sclerosing dysplasia.

B.   Radiologically, the hallmark of the disorder is 
bilateral, symmetrical cortical thickening of the 
metaphyses of the long bones.

C.   The disease affects one in a million people and is 
autosomal dominant with variable penetrance.

D.   The onset of the disease is usually during childhood. 
Patients usually present by puberty and definitely 
before age 30.

8.   Identify the one false statement among the 
following.

In Gorlin syndrome, various low-frequency neoplasms 
have been recorded. These include:
A.   Meningioma
B.   Ovarian fibroma
C.   Cardiac fibroma
D.   GIST tumour.

9.    Regarding Gorlin syndrome, identify a single 
false statement from those below.

A.   Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (also known as nevoid 
basal cell carcinoma syndrome) was first reported 
in 1894.

B.   It was described by Gorlin and Goltz in 1960 as 
a distinct entity consisting of ectodermal and 
mesodermal abnormalities.

C.   It is an hereditary autosomal recessive disease 
with a prevalence estimated in various studies to 
be between 1/57 000 and 1/256 000, and a male: 
female ratio of 1:3.

D.   It is a condition characterised by multiple 
odontogenic keratocysts, basal cell carcinoma, 
congenital skeletal abnormalities, cleft lip and/or 
palate, and eye anomalies.

10.   You are presently reading the South African 
Journal of Radiology that includes the following 
except for:

A.   A new front cover design.
B.   A new layout style.
C.   At least 4 extra pages sponsored by Philips SA.
D.    A centrefold MRI of Shakira that was inadvertently 

omitted by the printers.

CPD Instructions:
1.  CPD questionnaires must be completed online by going directly (not via Google) to www.cpdjournals.org.za, and 

registering. You will then receive an email notifying you of your username and password for subsequent logging 
on.

2.  Read the articles in the journal to find the answers to the questions.
3.  After completing the questionnaire, you can check the answers and print your own CPD certificate. Questions may 

be answered up to 6 months after publication of the journal issue concerned.
4.  Please contact Gertrude Fani on 021 681 7200 or gertrude@hmpg.co.za in the event of queries.

Accreditation number: MDB 001/010/01/2011