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INSTRUCTIONS
1. Read the journal. All the answers will be found there.
2. Go to www.cpdjournals.co.za to answer questions.

Accreditation number: MDB001/025/10/2011 (Clinical)

SAJSM                 Questions June 2012
CPD questionnaires must be completed online via www.cpdjournals.co.za.  

After submission you can check the answers and print your certificate. 

1. True (A) or false (B): 
The 2007 American College of Sports Medicine Position 
Stand on Exercise and Fluid Replacement warns athletes not 
to lose >2% body weight during exercise as it may adversely 
affect performance. 

2. True (A) or false (B): 
The fastest runners in a marathon usually lose the least 
weight during a race. 

3. True (A) or false (B): 
Signs and symptoms of hyponatraemia include nausea, 
vomiting, confusion, and headache. 

4. True (A) or false (B):
Runners who become dehydrated during a race, face the risk 
of hyponatraemia. 

5. True (A) or false (B):
Compared with other countries, there is a very high incidence 
of hyponatraemia in marathon runners in South Africa.  

6. True (A) or false (B):
T ere are several validated questionnaires for the purpose 
of measuring and reporting physical activity levels in South 
African children. 

7. True (A) or false (B):
Te average energy expenditure of South African children is 
about 1 200 cal/day. 

8. True (A) or false (B):
In the absence of either medical or obstetric complications, 
all pregnant women should be encouraged to participate in 
aerobic and strength-conditioning training at a moderate 
intensity, on most, if not all, days of the week.  

9. True (A) or false (B):
Pelvic floor exercises in the immediate post-partum period 
may reduce the risk of future urinary incontinence.  

10. True (A) or false (B):
Vitamin D can be absorbed throughout the year in the 
United Kingdom. 

11. True (A) or false (B):
Dark-skinned individuals usually have high levels of vitamin 
D production. 

12. True (A) or false (B):
In addition to melanin content, social behaviours such as 
sun exposure and clothing should also be considered when 
reviewing an athlete’s risk of developing vitamin D deficiency.  

13. True (A) or false (B):
Te application of sun cream does not increase the risk of 
developing vitamin D deficiency. 

14. True (A) or false (B):
Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES) is a very 
common cause of exercise-induced pain in the lower 
extremity of young athletes. 

15. True (A) or false (B):
PAES is a partial or complete occlusion of the popliteal artery 
as a result of aberrant anatomy in the popliteal fossa.  

16. True (A) or false (B):
PAES usually affects females older than 65 years.     

17. True (A) or false (B):
Players of Rugby Union have a risk of injury of about 2 
injuries per 1 000 hours of exposure.     

18. True (A) or false (B):
Te risk of injury in Rugby Union decreases with increasing 
age and level/grade.   

19. True (A) or false (B):
Nearly all the players who were injured at the youth rugby 
tournaments had medical insurance.    

20. True (A) or false (B):
Whole body vibration (WBV) is a current neuromuscular 
training method, which even at a low intensity provokes 
muscle length changes that stimulate the sensory receptor 
of the muscle spindle.