1.   True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
Chronic low back pain is uncommon and only affects 
about 25% of the population.

2.   True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
Chronic low back pain costs the economy of South 
Africa several billion rand every year.

3.   True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
Whole body vibration therapy appears to be a safe, 
rehabilitative exercise modality that improves lower 
back and hamstring flexibility, increases relative back 
strength and increases abdominal muscular endurance 
in patients with chronic low back pain.

4.   True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
The actual risk of sustaining a catastrophic injury while 
playing rugby is low in comparison to other sports 
(diving and horse-riding) and even everyday activities 
(driving or walking to work).

5.   True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
BokSmart was a programme designed by Danie Craven to 
improve the tactical acumen of high-level rugby players.

6.   True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
In the USA, the obesity prevalence rates (body mass 
index  >30) have increased 10-fold between 1986 and 
2000. 

7.   True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
In the UK, the adult overweight/obesity rates are just 
over 60%.

8.   True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
The long-term success of most weight management 
programmes has been disappointing, with only 30% of 
the programmes successfully maintaining a loss >10% 
of body weight for >5 years.

9.   True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
Long-term weight loss is difficult to achieve, with most 
individuals typically regaining 70 - 80% of their lost 
weight.

10.   True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
Enhancing metabolic fitness to control hypertension, 
dyslipidaemia and hyperglycaemia indirectly lowers the 
risk of cardiovascular disease. 

11.   True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
Exercise alone is the most effective method for achiev-
ing long-term weight loss.

12.   True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
The Female Athlete Triad, described in 1992, consists 
of disordered eating, amenorrhoea, and hypertension. 

13.   True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
A contemporary description of the Female Athlete Triad 
defines it as consisting of energy availability, menstrual 
function and bone mineral density.

14.   True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
Forty-two per cent of the participants at the most recent 
summer Olympics in Beijing (2008) were females.

15.   True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
Studies show that the per cent of female athletes with 
low bone mineral density ranged from 0% to 50%.

16.   True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
The risk for the components of the female athlete 
triad increases as the level of competition decreases 
(i.e. elite athletes, collegiate athletes and recreational 
athletes).

17.   True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
It should be emphasised to athletes that menstrual dys-
function is a normal response to athletic training. 

18.   True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
Cricket bowlers have the highest risk of injury com-
pared to the other cricket players.

19.   True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
Most of the injuries sustained by cricket players during 
a season are old recurrent injuries. 

20.   True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
The risk of developing hypercholesterolaemia and 
coronary heart disease in females decreases exponen-
tially after menopause.

                 Questions June 2011
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After submission you can check the answers and print your certificate.  
Questions may be answered up to 6 months after publication of each issue.

InstructIons
1. Read the journal. All the answers will be found there.
2. Go to www.cpdjournals.co.za to answer questions.

Accreditation number: MDB001/008/01/2011 (Clinical)

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