Pregnant Mother's Anxiety Level On Stunting Risk Corresponding author: Eni Hidayati eni.hidayati@unimus.ac.id South East Asia Nursing Research, Vol 4 No 1, March 2022 ISSN:2685-032X DOI: https://doi.org/10.26714/seanr.4.1.2022.14-20 Original Research Pregnant Mother's Anxiety Level On Stunting Risk Eni Hidayati1, Sifana Ayu Damayanti1, Desi Aryana Rahayu1, Muhammad Fatkul Mubin1, Tri Nurhidayati1 1 Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, Indonesia Article Info Abstract Article History: Submitted: Dec 26th 2021 Accepted: March 1st 2022 Published: March 29th 2022 Keywords: Level of anxiety; pregnant women; risk of stunting Pregnancy at a young age and over the age of 35 is vulnerable to causing pregnant women to experience various risks of pregnancy because pregnant women at a young age do not know much about how to maintain their pregnancy conditions and pregnant women over the age of 35 experience a decrease in nutrient absorption so they are easy to experience various kinds of problems. One of the risks of pregnancy is stunting. Pregnant women usually experience a psychological decline that causes anxiety in themselves. So that it also has an impact on the growth and development of the prospective baby. The type of research used is an analytical approach. The design of this study used a cross-sectional approach. The population in this study were pregnant women in the Sembungharjo village area with a total of 27 pregnant women using a total sampling of data analysis using the chi- square test. The results of the study from 27 respondents were obtained that pregnant women with mild anxiety among as many as 16 respondents (59.3%), moderate anxiety among as many as 5 respondents (18.5%), and no anxiety among as many as 6 respondents (22.2%). Respondents with severe anxiety were 0 (0%). A total of 27 pregnant women respondents found that as many as 5 respondents (18.5%) had low risk while 22 respondents (81.5%) were not at risk, and pregnant women with high risk were 0 (0%). The conclusion is that there is no relationship between the anxiety level of pregnant women and the risk of stunting in Sembung Harjo sub-district, Genuk sub-district with a p-value of 0.366 (a> 0.05). INTRODUCTION Pregnancy is a period of mental, psychological and emotional changes, although many women say that pregnancy is something that adds to the perfection of the family, especially the first pregnancy for women.1 Pregnancy is divided into 3 trimesters, namely the first trimester (1-3 months), the second trimester (4-6 months) and the third trimester (7-9 months) for primigravida mothers (pregnant for the first time). % of pregnant women experience anxiety in the third trimester, namely the final trimester to face the first delivery.2 WHO estimates that every year there are 210 million pregnancies worldwide, the prevalence of anxiety in pregnant women in Portugal is 18.2%, in Bangladesh 29%, in Hong Kong 54%. In Indonesia, the number of pregnant women is 5,263,057. The incidence of pregnancy anxiety is 18-70%. For pregnant women for the first time, there are many pressures and https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/SEANR/index https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/SEANR/index https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/SEANR/index https://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.26714/seanr.4.1.2022.14-20&domain=pdf&date_stamp=2022-03-29 South East Asia Nursing Research, Vol 4 No 1, March 2022/ page 14-20 15 Eni Hidayati / Pregnant Mother's Anxiety Level On Stunting Risk thoughts that arise, one of which is biological pressure that arises due to various physical changes. For example, this change in body shape can cause fear and anxiety when facing childbirth for the first time.3 The relationship between the anxiety level of pregnant women and the risk of giving birth to a low birth weight baby in IndonesiaPublic health centerrappang. Based on this research, it was found that the majority of pregnant women had mild anxiety as many as 22 people (73.0%), moderate anxiety as many as 4 people (13.0%) and as many as 3 people did not experience anxiety (3.0%) which means that most Most pregnant women have mild anxiety during their pregnancy.Pregnancy anxiety refers to worries and fears about pregnancy and the health of the baby. Anxiety in pregnancy can be associated with low knowledge of pregnant women about pregnancy, especially how to deal with anxiety. Preventive action by providing health education to pregnant women in order to increase the knowledge of pregnant women in overcoming their anxiety about the risk of pregnancy. There are still many pregnancies in Indonesia that are at risk of pregnancy which causes dangers and complications that will occur to the mother and fetuswhichwill cause death, disability and abnormalities in the fetus. Screening for abnormalities in the fetus can be carried out routine ANC examinations so that they can be detected at gestational age. Abnormalities of physical disabilities in infants that are often encountered are congenital heart disease, cleft lip and one of the most common ones is stunting.4 The incidence of stunting is currently one of the problems that occurs in the world, including in Indonesia, stunting occurs mostly in infants under five, based on 2019 data it was recorded at 27.67% or. According to data from the province of Central Java, until February 2020 there were 156,549 children under five who were stunted. In the province of South Sulawesi in 2019, children under five who experienced stunting were 35.6%.5 Education on nutritional needs during pregnancy is very important to prevent various risk factors for pregnancy, lack of awareness about the importance of maternal nutrition will have an impact on efforts made to prevent stunting. Stunting is a failure of child growth and development due to non-fulfillment of nutritional needs that lasts for a long time starting from pregnancy until the age of 24 months. One way to overcome stunting and must be carried out is fulfilling nutrition for pregnant women and controlling food. to increase maternal knowledge in the first 1000 days of life by providing counseling to pregnant women about the risks that may occur with their pregnancy, one of which is the risk of stunting.6 Many factors underlie the high incidence of stunting in toddlers, the cause is lack of food intake or even the presence of infectious diseases, other factors are lack of mother's knowledge, wrong parenting, parenting has an important role in realizing optimal child growth, or poor hygiene patterns. . Not many people know that short children are a problem because all short children around the community look like children with normal activities.7 Many children under five years of age also experience stunting, one of the risk factors for stunting in children under five years old, they are not given exclusive breastfeeding. years needed, so that the child's nutrition is not met and the possibility of infection can occur in the first 1000 days of life so that it becomes an obstacle for children in development.8 From a preliminary study of data from the Sembungharjo sub-district, genuk sub- district. The results of a survey and short interviews conducted with 6 pregnant women about the level of anxiety of pregnant women about the risk of stunting, it was found that 2 out of 6 pregnant women could not answer correctly about the definition of stunting, 92.6% of pregnant South East Asia Nursing Research, Vol 4 No 1, March 2022/ page 14-20 16 Eni Hidayati / Pregnant Mother's Anxiety Level On Stunting Risk women knew what caused stunting. 85.2% of pregnant women do not have anxiety about stunting in their pregnancy. And 100% of pregnant women answered that they had routinely checked their pregnancy at health services. 81.5% of pregnant women answered that they were worried about the baby they were going to give birth to. METHODS Design This study uses a correlation research design with the type of research used is an analytical approach. The design of this study used a cross sectional approach.The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between the anxiety level of pregnant women and the risk of stunting Sample The population in this study were all pregnant women in Sembungharjo village as many as 27 people. The research sample was 27 respondents using a total sampling of data analysis using the chi square test. RESULTS Characteristics of respondents are the average age of 20-29 years (74.1%), the average education of high school respondents is 23 respondents (85.2%), the average gestational age is 13 respondents aged 0-4 months (48.1 %). Table 1 The category of anxiety level and stunting risk of pregnant women Indicators f % Anxiety level Light 16 59.3 Currently 5 18.5 There is not any 6 22.2 Heavy 0 0 Anxiety level Low risk 5 18.5 No risk 22 81.5 High risk 0 0 Table 2 Analysis of the relationship between the anxiety level of pregnant women and the risk of stunting Anxiety Level Risk level p No risk Low risk There is not any 4 2 Light 13 3 Currently 5 0 0.366 Heavy 0 0 Total 22 5 Based on the results of calculations using the chi-square test with 27 pregnant women respondents, p 0.366 means that there is no relationship between the anxiety level of pregnant women and the risk of stunting. Because p value > 0.05. So Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected, which means that there is no relationship between the anxiety level of pregnant women and the risk of stunting in Sembungharjo Village, Genuk District, Semarang City. DISCUSSION General description of respondent characteristics. Based on the results of the frequency distribution of respondents' characteristics by age, the respondents' ages ranged from 20 years to 49 years, most of the respondents aged (20-29 years) were (74.1%) respondents. Age (30-39 years) as many as (22.2%) respondents. Age (40-49 years) that is (3.7%). Based on the frequency distribution based on the last education, 23 respondents (85.2%) obtained high school education and 4 respondents (14.8%). Based on the frequency distribution based on gestational age, there were 13 respondents (48.1%). 5- 6 months as many as 10 respondents (37.0%). 7-9 months as many as 4 respondents (14.8%). An illustration of the level of anxiety of pregnant women on the risk of stunting. Based on the results of the study, the description of the anxiety level of pregnant women was found that most of the motherspregnant with mild anxiety as many as 16 respondents (59.3%), moderate South East Asia Nursing Research, Vol 4 No 1, March 2022/ page 14-20 17 Eni Hidayati / Pregnant Mother's Anxiety Level On Stunting Risk anxiety as many as 5 respondents (18.5%), and no anxiety as many as 6 respondents (22.2%). In this study, it was found that most of the respondents had mild anxiety about their pregnancy. Pregnant women already understand the factors that will be experienced during pregnancy and respondents already know how to overcome their anxiety. Based on these studies, it can be concluded that the majority of pregnant women experience mild anxiety during their pregnancy.9 The relationship between the anxiety level of pregnant women and the risk of giving birth to a low birth weight baby at the Rappang Public Health Center. Based on this study, it was found that the majority of pregnant women had mild anxiety as many as 22 people (73.0%), moderate anxiety as many as 4 people (13.0%) and as many as 3 people did not experience anxiety (3.0%) which means that most Most pregnant women have mild anxiety during their pregnancy.10 About 23 respondents who did not experience anxiety (60.5%) and about 15 respondents experienced anxiety (39.5%) based on the results obtained from the study, pregnant women who experienced anxiety were caused by several reasons. factors namely age, level of knowledge and parity.11 It was found that of the 23 respondents who had the last education of high school with a total of 23 people (71%) the majority of pregnant women with moderate anxiety levels were 10 people (31.3%) and 5 people with severe anxiety (15.6%). concluded that the lack of education status in pregnant women will cause pregnant women to experience stress more easily compared to pregnant women with higher education.12 Entitled the level of anxiety of pregnant women in facing childbirth based on health status in the work area of the Jombang Public Health Center, it was found that from 123 respondents, as many as 107 respondents (87%) experienced mild anxiety and 16 respondents moderate anxiety ( 13%) based on this study, pregnant women have more mild and moderate levels of anxiety in the work area of the Jombang Public Health Center.13 In accordance with research from Nurul Rahmitha entitled the anxiety level of third trimester primigravida pregnant women at the Tamanlanrea District Health Center, with the number of respondents as many as 37 people with the result that more pregnant women have mild and moderate levels of anxiety, namely 11 people each ( 29.7%) while pregnant women who do not have anxiety are 10 people (27%) and pregnant women who have severe anxiety levels are 5 people (13.5%).14 An overview of the stunting risk of pregnant women. Based on the results of the research on the risk of stunting in pregnant women, it was found that the majority of pregnant women who did not have the risk of stunting were 22 respondents (81.5%). Whereas5 respondents (18.5%) had a low risk, in this study it was found that the average respondent did not have a stunting risk because most of the respondents had fulfilled their nutritional needs during pregnancy, this can be seen in the stunting risk questionnaire given by researchers to respondents, about knowledge and fulfillment of nutrition during pregnancy for the prevention of stunting in the baby in the womb. Most pregnant women already know stunting and its causes so that the average respondent has fulfilled their nutritional needs to prevent stunting in their pregnancy. Prevention of stunting from an early age with nutritious food for pregnant women in the Wonocolo sub-district, Surabaya, it was found that from 40 respondents, most of the pregnant women had fulfilled their nutritional and nutritional needs for stunting prevention during pregnancy.15 Malnutrition in pregnant women can cause poor conditions for babies in the womb, pregnant women who have not met balanced nutrition since the beginning of pregnancy have a risk of giving birth to South East Asia Nursing Research, Vol 4 No 1, March 2022/ page 14-20 18 Eni Hidayati / Pregnant Mother's Anxiety Level On Stunting Risk stunting babies or other disease disorders based on the research entitled balanced nutrition education for pregnant women in stunting prevention in the village. Karang Bayan, West Lombok Regency, it can be concluded that the more pregnant women who have fulfilled nutrition and nutrition since the beginning of pregnancy can prevent stunting and other baby abnormalities.16 Pregnant women who routinely check their pregnancies to health services also prevent the risk of stunting in pregnancy. Titled antenatal care visits related to the incidence of stunting in this study, it was found that most of the respondents routinely checked their pregnancies in health services so that respondents gained knowledge about how to prevent stunting.17 Get that as many as 40 pregnant women respondents got respondents with good nutritional status as many as 37 people while 3 pregnant women with poor nutritional status, from the results obtained from the study most pregnant women had fulfilled their nutrition since the beginning of pregnancy. The more pregnant women who have fulfilled their nutritional status since the beginning of pregnancy, the lower the risk of stunting.18 It was found that some pregnant women already know how to prevent the risk of stunting in their pregnancy by consuming nutritious food and regularly checking their pregnancy to the nearest health service so that pregnant women get education about their health problems and nutritional status during pregnancy.19 Relationship between the anxiety level of pregnant women and the risk of stunting. Based on the results of the study, the relationship between the level of anxiety of pregnant women and the risk of stunting shows that there is no relationshipbetween the anxiety level of pregnant women and the risk of stunting. In the results of the analysis of the relationship between the anxiety level of pregnant women and the risk of stunting from 27 respondents, it was found that pregnant women with mild anxiety were 16 respondents (59.3%), moderate anxiety was 5 respondents (18.5%), there was no anxiety as much as 6 respondents (22.2%). And respondents with severe anxiety 0 (0%) and pregnant women who have a risk of stunting, it was found that as many as 5 respondents (18.5%) had low risk while 22 respondents (81.5%) were not at risk. From the results of the study, it was found that the p value of 0.366 (p>0.05) it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between the level of anxiety of pregnant women and the risk of stunting, it can be concluded that the level of anxiety of pregnant women does not have a relationship with the risk of stunting. of pregnancy, this is because most pregnant women have met their nutritional needs since the beginning of pregnancy. A person's pregnancy can be a factor that causes pregnant women to experience anxiety but the level of anxiety experienced is different, Local government efforts in preventing stunting in the province of the Bangka Belitung Islands, from the results of this study stunting is caused by poor nutrition experienced by pregnant women and lack of knowledge of pregnant women about health and nutrition before and during pregnancy. From the results of this study, it was found that the majority of pregnant women had mild anxiety levels, but the anxiety of pregnant women was not about the risk of stunting that would be experienced. But what makes them anxious is when they will face childbirth, thinking about whether the baby's condition is perfect or not. The majority of respondents have not thought about the risk of stunting in their pregnancy. Because the majority of respondents have fulfilled their nutrition and nutrition since the beginning of pregnancy, so they have no worries about the risk of stunting that will be experienced. South East Asia Nursing Research, Vol 4 No 1, March 2022/ page 14-20 19 Eni Hidayati / Pregnant Mother's Anxiety Level On Stunting Risk Based on the results of the Chi-Square test which aims to determine the relationship between the anxiety level of pregnant women and the risk of stunting in the Sembungharjo sub-district, the value of sig (2-tailed) or p value of 0.366 is obtained because p value > 0.05, then Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected. which means that there is no significant relationship between the level of anxiety of pregnant women and the risk of stunting. This study concluded that there was no relationship between the anxiety level of pregnant women and the risk of stunting in Sembungharjo Village. CONCLUSION Pregnant women who have mild anxiety levels are as many as 16 respondents (59.3%), who have moderate anxiety are 5 respondents (18.5%), and there are no anxiety as many as 6 respondents (22.2%). Pregnant women with severe anxiety are 0 (0%). Pregnant women who have no risk are 22 respondents (81.5%). While pregnant women who have a low risk are 5 respondents (18.5%) pregnant women who have a high risk are 0 respondents (0%). Based on statistical tests with the Chi- Square test with 27 pregnant women respondents, the p value of 0.366 means that there is no relationship between the anxiety level of pregnant women and the risk of stunting. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author would like to thank all pregnant women who have been willing to be respondents in this study. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST It is hoped that pregnant women can overcome their anxiety during pregnancy. 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