HIVMED_21(1)_2020_Contents.indd


http://www.sajhivmed.org.za Open Access

Table of Contents

Editorial
The Editor’s review of articles published from August to December  
2019 in the Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine
David C. Spencer
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1120 | 24 August 2020

3Editorial
David C. Spencer
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1199 |  
21 December 2020

1

Page i of iv

Table of Contents
Vol 21, No 1 (2020)

ISSN: 1608-9693 (print)  |  ISSN: 2078-6751 (online)Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine

2020 Guidelines and Editorial Comment: Southern African HIV Clinicians Society (SAHCS)

Adolescent healthcare and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis

Harm Reduction

Epidemiology and Prevention

Guideline
The updated South African National Guideline for the Prevention of 
Mother to Child Transmission of Communicable Infections (2019)
Jeannette Wessels, Gayle Sherman, Lesley Bamford, Manala Makua, 
Mathilda Ntloana, James Nuttall, Yogan Pillay, Ameena Goga,  
Ute Feucht
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1079 | 08 July 2020

Guideline
Southern African HIV Clinicians Society guidelines for antiretroviral 
therapy in adults: 2020 update
Jeremy Nel, Sipho Dlamini, Graeme Meintjes, Rosie Burton, John M. Black, 
Natasha E.C.G. Davies, Eric Hefer, Gary Maartens, Phetho M. Mangena, 
Moeketsi T. Mathe, Mahomed-Yunus Moosa, Muhangwi B. Mulaudzi, 
Michelle Moorhouse, Jennifer Nash, Thandeka C. Nkonyane, Wolfgang 
Preiser, Mohammed S. Rassool, David Stead, Helen van der Plas,  
Cloete van Vuuren, Willem D.F. Venter, Joana F. Woods
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1115 |  
16 September 2020

EDITOR'S CHOICE 11

EDITOR'S CHOICE 19

Editorial
Adolescent healthcare: I’m Lovin’ it
Carey Pike, Connie Celum, Linda-Gail Bekker
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1147 |  
21 October 2020

74

Editorial
Introduction to the Southern African HIV Clinicians Society harm 
reduction guidelines
Edwin Cameron
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1179 |  
17 December 2020

EDITOR'S CHOICE 81

Editorial
Antiretroviral therapy optimisation in the time of COVID-19: Is it really 
different in North and South Africa?
Ahmed Cordie, Menna-t-allah El-Kotamy, Gamal Esmat
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1118 |  
30 July 2020

118

Guideline
Southern African HIV Clinicians Society guidelines for solid organ 
transplantation in human immunodeficiency virus: An evidence-based 
framework for human immunodeficiency virus-positive donors  
and recipients
Jeremy S. Nel, Francesca Conradie, Jean Botha, Harriet Etheredge,  
June Fabian, Leon Levin, Ahmad H. Mazanderani, Michelle Moorhouse, 
Elmi Muller, Caroline Tiemessen, David Thomson, Julia Turner
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1133 | 15 October 2020

Guideline
Southern African guidelines on the safe, easy and effective use of  
pre-exposure prophylaxis: 2020
Linda-Gail Bekker, Benjamin Brown, Dvora Joseph-Davey, Kathrine Gill, 
Michelle Moorhouse, Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, Landon Myer,  
Catherine Orrell, Kevin Rebe, W.D. Francois Venter, Carole L. Wallis
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1152 |  
10 December 2020

EDITOR'S CHOICE 58

EDITOR'S CHOICE 66

Original Research
Be legally wise: When is parental consent required for adolescents’  
access to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)?
Ann Strode, Catherine M. Slack, Zaynab Essack, Jacintha D. Toohey,  
Linda-Gail Bekker
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1129 | 10 November 2020

EDITOR'S CHOICE 76

Guideline
Southern African HIV Clinicians Society guidelines for harm reduction
Andrew Scheibe, Goodman Sibeko, Shaun Shelly, Theresa Rossouw, 
Vincent Zishiri, Willem D.F. Venter
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1161 |  
17 December 2020

EDITOR'S CHOICE 84

Editorial
COVID-19 crisis effect on HIV service delivery in Egypt: Hard times or 
blessings in disguise?
Rahma Mohamed, Heba Wanis, Sonia Zebachi, Menna-t-allah El-Kotamy, 
Gamal Esmat, Ahmed Cordie
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1170 | 09 December 2020

120



http://www.sajhivmed.org.za Open Access

Table of ContentsPage ii of iv

HIV-related Epidemiology and Prevention

Basic Science

HIV Diagnostics

Original Research
Perspectives on oral pre-exposure prophylaxis use amongst female  
sex workers in Harare, Zimbabwe
Tinashe Mudzviti, Anesu Dhliwayo, Byrone Chingombe, Bernard Ngara, 
Tsitsi G. Monera-Penduka, Charles C. Maponga, Gene D. Morse
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1039 | 19 February 2020

Original Research
Knowledge, attitudes and behaviours towards people with HIV and AIDS 
among private higher education students in Johannesburg, South Africa
Natasha Khamisa, Maboe Mokgobi, Tariro Basera
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a991 | 24 March 2020

Original Research
Sexual function after voluntary medical male circumcision for human 
immunodeficiency virus prevention: Results from a programmatic  
delivery setting in Botswana
Jillian C. Pintye, Kathleen E. Wirth, Conrad Ntsuape, Nora J. Kleinman,  
Lisa Spees, Bazghina-werq Semo, Shreshth Mawandia, Jenny Ledikwe
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1042 | 20 April 2020

Original Research
Sexual risk compensation following voluntary medical male  
circumcision: Results from a prospective cohort study amongst  
human immunodeficiency virus-negative adult men in Botswana
Lisa P. Spees, Kathleen E. Wirth, Shreshth Mawandia, Semo Bazghina-
werq, Jenny H. Ledikwe
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1157 | 14 December 2020

125

131

138

146

Review Article
Future approaches to clearing the latent human immunodeficiency  
virus reservoir: Beyond latency reversal
Alexander M.L. Hayes
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1089 | 12 August 2020

174

Original Research
Evaluation of a mobile application to support HIV self-testing in 
Johannesburg, South Africa
Natasha Gous, Alex E. Fischer, Naleni Rhagnath, Mothepane Phatsoane, 
Mohammed Majam, Samanta T. Lalla-Edward
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1088 | 30 June 2020

180 Original Research
Evaluation of the impact of delayed centrifugation on the diagnostic 
performance of serum creatinine as a baseline measure of renal  
function before antiretroviral treatment
Chemedzai E. Chikomba, Carolyn J. Padoa, Donald Tanyanyiwa
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1056 | 16 July 2020

187

Scientific Letter
Antiretroviral therapy under the wing of the COVID-19 epidemic:  
One look, and different solutions
Heba Elsayed, Mohamed Hassany
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1167 |  
15 December 2020

122

Original Research
Tobacco smoking and associated factors in human immunodeficiency 
virus-infected adults attending human immunodeficiency virus  
clinics in the Western Cape province, South Africa
Muyunda Mutemwa, Nasheeta Peer, Anniza de Villiers, Mieke Faber, 
Andre-Pascal Kengne
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1072 | 21 April 2020

Original Research
Feasibility of implementing a novel behavioural smoking cessation 
intervention amongst human immunodeficiency virus-infected  
smokers in a resource-limited setting: A single-arm pilot trial
Billy M. Tsima, Precious Moedi, Joyce Maunge, Kitso Machangane,  
Martha Kgogwane, Tebogo Mudojwa, Joseph Bastian, Warren Bilker, 
Rebecca Ashare, Robert Schnoll, Robert Gross
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1075 | 24 June 2020

Original Research
Depression, sleep quality and condom use amongst Iranian people  
living with human immunodeficiency virus
Marzieh Mahboobi, Arezu Najafi, Amin Nakhostin-Ansari,  
Parvin Afsar Kazerooni, Matin Bazargani, Fatemeh Navaiian,  
Samaneh Akbarpour
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1150 |  
15 December 2020

155

163

169



http://www.sajhivmed.org.za Open Access

Table of Contents

Original Research
Patient acceptance of HIV testing services in rural emergency 
departments in South Africa
Aditi Rao, Caitlin Kennedy, Pamela Mda, Thomas C. Quinn,  
David Stead, Bhakti Hansoti
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1105 | 22 July 2020

202

Review Article
The evolution and adoption of World Health Organization policy 
guidelines on antiretroviral therapy initiation in sub-Saharan Africa:  
A scoping review
Sabina M. Govere, Moses J. Chimbari
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1103 | 30 September 2020

Review Article
A rapid review and synthesis of the effectiveness of programmes  
initiating community-based antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa
Raymond Chimatira, Andrew Ross
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1153 | 05 November 2020

Scientific Letter
Drug resistance after cessation of efavirenz-based antiretroviral  
treatment started in pregnancy
Globahan Ajibola, Christopher Rowley, Dorcas Maruapula, Jean Leidner, 
Kara Bennett, Kathleen Powis, Roger L. Shapiro, Shahin Lockman
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1023 | 27 January 2020

Editorial
‘Covering the tail’ after stopping efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy
Gary Maartens
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1036 | 27 January 2020

Scientific Letter
CD4 testing after initiation of antiretroviral therapy: Analysis of  
routine data from the South African HIV programme
Rivka R. Lilian, Natasha Davies, Louise Gilbert, James A. McIntyre,  
Helen E. Struthers, Kate Rees
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1165 | 14 December 2020

Original Research
Transition to an in-facility electronic Tuberculosis register: Lessons  
from a South African pilot project
Hanlie Myburgh, Remco P.H. Peters, Theunis Hurter, Cornelius J. 
Grobbelaar, Graeme Hoddinott
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1025 | 16 January 2020

Original Research
Changes in the incidence and prevalence of human immunodeficiency 
virus or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the South African 
medical schemes environment: 2005–2015
Floidy Wafawanaka, Martha S. Lubbe, Irma Kotzé, Marike Cockeran
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1007 | 29 June 2020

Original Research
Characteristics and outcomes of older people on antiretroviral  
therapy in Tlokwe Clinics, South Africa
Mareike Rabe, Huibrecht C. Lion-Cachet, Melaku A. Eyassu
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1066 | 07 July 2020

220

231

240

244

EDITOR'S CHOICE 246

250

257

265

Original Research
The spectrum of electrolyte abnormalities in black African people  
living with human immunodeficiency virus and diabetes mellitus  
at Edendale Hospital, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
Preyanka Pillay, Somasundram Pillay, Nobuhle Mchunu 
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1095 | 23 July 2020

Original Research
Understanding adherence in virally suppressed and unsuppressed  
human immunodeficiency virus-positive urban patients on  
second-line antiretroviral treatment
Siphamandla B. Gumede, Willem D.F. Venter, Samanta T. Lalla-Edward
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1107 | 11 August 2020

Original Research
Feasibility of implementing same-day antiretroviral therapy initiation 
during routine care in Ekurhuleni District, South Africa: Retention  
and viral load suppression
Nolundi Mshweshwe-Pakela, Bhakti Hansoti, Tonderai Mabuto,  
Deanna Kerrigan, Griffiths Kubeka, Elizabeth Hahn, Salome Charalambous, 
Christopher J. Hoffmann
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1085 | 20 August 2020

Original Research
Effects of HIV and non-communicable disease comorbidity on  
healthcare costs and health experiences in people living with HIV  
in Zimbabwe
Laston Gonah, Indres Moodley, Khumbulani Hlongwana
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1102 |  
04 September 2020

Original Research
Capacity of antiretroviral therapy sites for managing NCDs in  
people living with HIV in Zimbabwe
Laston Gonah, Indres Moodley, Khumbulani Hlongwana
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1113 |  
04 September 2020

Original Research
Human immunodeficiency virus, diabetes mellitus and thyroid 
abnormalities: Should we be screening?
Somasundram Pillay, Davashni Pillay, Deepak Singh,  
Romashan Pillay
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1116 |  
09 November 2020

Original Research
Profile of elderly patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at  
Newlands Clinic in 2020: A cross-sectional study
Cleophas Chimbetete, Tinashe Mudzviti, Tinei Shamu
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1164 |  
10 December 2020

275

EDITOR'S CHOICE 283

EDITOR'S CHOICE 293

299

307

314

322

Original Research
The influence of haemodialysis on CD4+ T-cell counts in people living  
with human immunodeficiency virus with end-stage kidney disease
Melanie Pretorius, Estee Benade, June Fabian, Denise Lawrie,  
Elizabeth S. Mayne
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1125 | 21 December 2020

211

Clinical HIV Medicine and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)

Page iii of iv



http://www.sajhivmed.org.za Open Access

Table of Contents

Original Research
The prevalence and spectrum of mucocutaneous disease in  
South African people living with HIV and accessing care at a  
district-level hospital
Saskya Claasens, Susanna M.H. Kannenberg, Henry F. Jordaan,  
Karis Moxley, Rhodine Smith, Johann de Wet, Willem I. Visser
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1154 | 10 December 2020

327

Original Research
Implementation of a PMTCT programme in a high HIV prevalence setting 
in Johannesburg, South Africa: 2002–2015
Coceka N. Mnyani, Carol L. Tait, Remco P.H. Peters, Helen Struthers,  
Avy Violari, Glenda Gray, Eckhart J. Buchmann, Matthew F. Chersich, 
James A. McIntyre
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1024 | 23 March 2020

Scientific Letter
Low CD4 count and educational status predict abnormal cervical  
smears amongst HIV-positive women initiating antiretroviral therapy  
in South Africa
Nondumiso Mthembu, Jienchi Dorward, Nivashnee Naicker,  
Farzana Osman, Siphesihle Gumede, Yukteshwar Sookrajh,  
Paul Drain, Nigel Garrett
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1045 | 30 March 2020

EDITOR'S CHOICE 339

EDITOR'S CHOICE 346

Original Research
HIV viral load testing coverage and timeliness after implementation  
of the wellness anniversary in a paediatric and adolescent HIV clinic  
in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Sibusiso E. Kubheka, Moherndran Archary, Kevindra K. Naidu
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1016 | 03 February 2020

Original Research
The effects of Teen Clubs on retention in HIV care among adolescents  
in Windhoek, Namibia
Farai K. Munyayi, Brian van Wyk
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1031 | 03 February 2020

Original Research
Adolescent human immunodeficiency virus self-management: 
Associations with treatment adherence, viral suppression, sexual  
risk behaviours and health-related quality of life
Talitha Crowley, Anita van der Merwe, Martin Kidd, Donald Skinner
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1054 | 29 April 2020

Original Research
Impact of routine birth early infant diagnosis on neonatal HIV  
treatment cascade in eThekwini district, South Africa
Vidya Kalawan, Kevindra Naidoo, Moherndran Archary
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1084 | 02 June 2020

Original Research
Empowering parents for human immunodeficiency virus prevention: 
Health and sex education at home
Taygen Edwards, Ntombizodumo Mkwanazi, Joanie Mitchell,  
Ruth M. Bland, Tamsen J. Rochat
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a970 | 29 June 2020

363

368

377

388

393

Original Research
Healthcare worker compliance with cervical cancer screening  
guidelines. An audit at district and regional level of care in the 
Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan area of KwaZulu-Natal
Mbali T. Makhubo, Thinagrin D. Naidoo
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1104 |  
02 September 2020

Original Research
Cervical human papillomavirus prevalence, risk factors and outcomes  
in a cohort of HIV-infected women in Harare, Zimbabwe
Ardele M. Mandiriri, Margaret J. Pascoe, Tinei Shamu, Sara Lowe
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1123 |  
05 November 2020

350

355

Original Research
Intracranial pressure management in patients with human 
immunodeficiency virus-associated cryptococcal meningitis in  
a resource-constrained setting
Philasande Mkoko, Jessica Du Preez, Senlika Naidoo
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1171 |  
18 December 2020

EDITOR'S CHOICE 334

Page iv of iv

Female and Maternal Health

Paediatric and Adolescent HIV

Original Research
Late diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection is  
linked to higher rates of epilepsy in children in the Eastern Cape  
of South Africa
Isabel A. Michaelis, Maryke Nielsen, Craig Carty, Markus Wolff,  
Caroline A. Sabin, John S. Lambert
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1047 | 30 June 2020

Original Research
Retention in care for adolescents who were newly initiated on 
antiretroviral therapy in the Cape Metropole in South Africa
Brian van Wyk, Ebrahim Kriel, Ferdinand Mukumbang
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1077 | 22 July 2020

Original Research
Neural tube defects in the Free State province from 2012 to 2016.  
Is there an increase?
Nické Theron, Gina Joubert, Bertram D. Henderson
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1134 |  
25 September 2020

Obituaries
Dr Dennis Sifris: In memorium
David C. Spencer
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1143 |  
27 August 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgement
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 21, No 1 | a1195 |  
22 December 2020

EDITOR'S CHOICE 406

412

420

427

428