HIVMED_22(1)_2021_Contents.indd


http://www.sajhivmed.org.za Open Access

Table of Contents

Original Research
Estimating qualification and factors associated with third-line 
antiretroviral therapy referral in the Western Cape 
Sadiyya Sheik, Bart Willems
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1184 | 28 January 2021

Original Research
Profile of presentation of HIV-positive patients to an emergency 
department in Johannesburg, South Africa
Abdullah E. Laher, Willem D.F. Venter, Guy A. Richards, Fathima Paruk
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1177 | 29 January 2021

Original Research
Uptake of the Ithaka mobile application in Johannesburg, South Africa, 
for human immunodeficiency virus self-testing result reporting
Alex E. Fischer, Mothepane Phatsoane, Mohammed Majam, Luke 
Shankland, Musaed Abrahams, Naleni Rhagnath, Samanta T. Lalla-Edward
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1197 | 22 February 2021

Original Research
Nevirapine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome in children living 
with HIV in South Africa
Jacques D. du Toit, Koot Kotze, Helene-Mari van der Westhuizen, 
Taryn L. Gaunt
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1182 | 23 February 2021

Original Research
HIV-1/2 differentiation in a South African public laboratory
Rendani T. Mafuyeka, Lynne M. Webber, Piet Becker, Simnikiwe H. Mayaphi
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1185 | 12 March 2021

Original Research
The clinical and demographic profile of women living with HIV 
admitted to the acute unit at Stikland Psychiatric Hospital
Jean-Marie le Roux, Lina Groenewald, Karis Moxley, Liezl Koen
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1159 | 16 March 2021

Original Research
Access to HIV services and viral load suppression among children 
during the 90-90-90 strategy implementation in South Africa: 
A time series analysis
Juliet C.Y. Nyasulu, Innocent Maposa, Bernard P. Sikhakhane, Himani Pandya
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1187 | 17 March 2021

Original Research
Ocular manifestations of people living with HIV in Tunisia
Dorsaf Saadouli, Lamia Ammari, Khaoula Ben Mansour, Yosra Yahyaoui, 
Sameh Aissa, El Afrit Mohamed Ali, Salem Yahyaoui, Hanene Tiouri
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1193 | 19 March 2021

Original Research
Immune activation and arterial stiffness in lean adults with HIV on 
antiretroviral therapy
Longa Kaluba, Fastone Goma, Chris Guure, Sody Munsaka, Wilbroad 
Mutale, Douglas C. Heimburger, Theresa Chikopela, John R. Koethe
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1190 | 19 March 2021

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Scientific Letter
Determination of lopinavir/ritonavir concentrations in four different 
oral solutions for the application of antiretroviral therapy in very young, 
HIV-1-infected children
Nils von Hentig, Carlo Angioni, Christoph Königs
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1222 | 11 May 2021

Guideline
Southern African HIV Clinicians Society gender-affirming healthcare 
guideline for South Africa
Anastacia Tomson, Chris/tine McLachlan, Camilla Wattrus, Kevin Adams, 
Ronald Addinall, Rutendo Bothma, Lauren Jankelowitz, Elliott Kotze, 
Zamasomi Luvuno, Nkanyiso Madlala, Savuka Matyila, Anil Padavatan, 
Mershen Pillay, Mmamontsheng D. Rakumakoe, Mathilde Tomson-
Myburgh, Willem D.F. Venter, Elma de Vries
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1299 | 28 September 2021

Review Article
World AIDS Day 2020: Reflections on global and South African progress 
and continuing challenges
Yogan Pillay, Leigh Johnson
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1205 | 10 March 2021

Review Article
Ten years of nurse-initiated antiretroviral treatment in South Africa: 
A narrative review of enablers and barriers
Talitha Crowley, Elizabeth Mokoka, Nelouise Geyer
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1196 | 11 March 2021

Review Article
Human immunodeficiency virus and mortality from coronavirus disease 
2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Timotius I. Hariyanto, Jane Rosalind, Kevin Christian, Andree Kurniawan
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1220 | 15 April 2021

Review Article
Continuous quality improvement in HIV and TB services at selected 
healthcare facilities in South Africa
Sisanda Gaga, Nokuzola Mqoqi, Raymond Chimatira, Singilizwe Moko, 
Jude O. Igumbor
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1202 | 12 May 2021

Opinion Paper
HIV infection in Eastern and Southern Africa: Highest burden, largest 
challenges, greatest potential
Erica Parker, Melinda A. Judge, Eusebio Macete, Tacilta Nhampossa, 
Jienchi Dorward, Denise C. Langa, Caroline De Schacht, Aleny Couto, 
Paula Vaz, Marco Vitoria, Lucas Molfino, Rachel T. Idowu, Nilesh Bhatt, 
Denise Naniche, Peter N. Le Souëf
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1237 | 28 May 2021

Original Research
Administering human immunodeficiency virus post-exposure prophylaxis: 
challenges experienced by mothers in Lusaka, Zambia
Mildred Lusaka, Talitha Crowley
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1183 | 27 January 2021

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Table of Contents
Vol 22, No 1 (2021)

ISSN: 1608-9693 (print)  |  ISSN: 2078-6751 (online)Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine



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Table of ContentsPage ii of iv

Original Research
Symptomatic gallstones and HIV in black South African women: 
Changing trends of gallstone disease?
Suman Mewa Kinoo, Savania Nagiah, Anil Chuturgoon, Bhugwan Singh
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1208 | 25 March 2021

Original Research
Undisclosed exposure to antiretrovirals prior to treatment initiation: 
An exploratory analysis
Lufuno G. Mavhandu-Ramarumo, Lisa A.M. Tambe, Nontokozo D. 
Matume, David Katerere, Pascal O. Bessong
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1200 | 08 April 2021

Original Research
Urine lipoarabinomannan for rapid tuberculosis diagnosis in 
HIV-infected adult outpatients in Khayelitsha
Bianca Sossen, Amanda Ryan, Joanna Bielawski, Riana Greyling, 
Gillian Matthews, Sheetal Hurribunce-James, René Goliath, 
Judy Caldwell, Graeme Meintjes
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1226 | 26 April 2021

Original Research
Pharmacogenetics of tenofovir and emtricitabine penetration into 
cerebrospinal fluid
Eric H. Decloedt, Phumla Z. Sinxadi, Lubbe Wiesner, John A. Joska, 
David W. Haas, Gary Maartens
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1206 | 28 April 2021

Original Research
Prevalence of incidental premature cardiac calcifications in 
an HIV-infected South African population using conventional 
computed tomography chest radiography
Luize Muller, Tanusha Sewchuran, Miranda Durand
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1241 | 13 May 2021

Original Research
Indicator-focussed technical assistance in South Africa’s HIV programme: 
A stepped-wedge evaluation
Geoffrey A. Jobson, Jean Railton, Barry Mutasa, Lucy Ranoto, Christine 
Maluleke, James McIntyre, Helen Struthers, Remco Peters
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1229 | 15 June 2021

Original Research
Incidence of cardiometabolic diseases in a Lesotho HIV cohort: 
Evidence for policy decision-making
Motlalepula Sebilo, Neo R.T. Ledibane, Simbarashe Takuva
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1246 | 28 June 2021

Original Research
Clinical, radiological, and laboratory predictors of a positive urine 
lipoarabinomannan test in sputum-scarce and sputum-negative patients 
with HIV-associated tuberculosis in two Johannesburg hospitals
Lior Chernick, Ismail S. Kalla, Michelle Venter
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1234 | 08 July 2021

Original Research
Bone outcomes in virally suppressed youth with HIV switching to 
tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Kate Braithwaite, Tristan D. McPherson, Yanhan Shen, Stephen Arpadi, 
Stephanie Shiau, Gillian Sorour, Karl-Günter Technau, Michael T. Yin
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1243 | 05 August 2021

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Original Research
Predictors of impaired pulmonary function in people living with 
HIV in an urban African setting
Sarah E. van Riel, Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch, Roos E. Barth, 
Diederick E. Grobbee, Charles Feldman, Erica Shaddock, Sarah L. Stacey, 
Willem D.F. Venter, Alinda G. Vos
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1252 | 17 August 2021

Original Research
Derangement of protein S and C4b-binding protein levels as acquired 
thrombophilia in HIV-infected adult Nigerians
Fatai O. Bello, Alani S. Akanmu, Titilope A. Adeyemo, Bukunmi M. Idowu, 
Prosper Okonkwo, Phyllis J. Kanki
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1253 | 23 August 2021

Original Research
A case series of emtricitabine-induced pure red cell aplasia
Nithendra Manickchund, Camille du Plessis, Melanie-Anne A. John, 
Thandekile C. Manzini, Bernadett I. Gosnell, Mahomed-Yunus S. Moosa
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1271 | 30 August 2021

Original Research
Impact of a delayed diagnosis of vulvar cancer and its association with 
HIV infection: A 4-year review at a tertiary hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, 
South Africa
Ramakhosana S. Hlapane, Thandekile L. Khumalo, Bongumusa S. 
Makhathini, Jagidesa Moodley
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1272 | 08 September 
2021

Original Research
The association between serum vitamin D and body composition in 
South African HIV-infected women
Samuel Mwango, Janet Carboo, Christa Ellis, Marike Cockeran,  
Carina M.C. Mels, Herculina S. Kruger
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1284 | 30 September 2021

Original Research
Strength exercise for balance and gait in HIV-associated distal 
symmetrical polyneuropathy: A randomised controlled trial
Abdulsalam M. Yakasai, Sonill Maharaj, Musa S. Danazumi
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1268 | 05 October 2021

Original Research
Earlier antiretroviral initiation is independently associated with better 
arterial stiffness in children living with perinatally acquired HIV with 
sustained viral suppression in Mozambique
Igor S. Dobe, Ana O. Mocumbi, Noorjean Majid, Birhanu Ayele, 
Sara H. Browne, Steve Innes
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1282 | 14 October 2021

Original Research
Arterial stiffness is associated with oxidative stress and endothelial 
activation among persons with treated HIV in Zambia
Theresa Chikopela, Fastone Goma, Longa Kaluba, Wilbroad Mutale, 
Chris Guure, Douglas C. Heimburger, John R. Koethe
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1298 | 28 October 2021

Original Research
Group counselling for adherence support among young people failing 
first-line antiretroviral therapy in Zimbabwe
Bahati Kasimonje, Tinei Shamu, Tinashe Mudzviti, Ruedi Luethy
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1292 | 29 October 2021

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Original Research
The influence of HIV infection and antiretroviral treatment 
on pulmonary function in individuals in an urban setting in 
sub-Saharan Africa
Oda E. van den Berg, Erica J. Shaddock, Sarah L. Stacey, Charles 
Feldman, Roos E. Barth, Diederick E. Grobbee, Willem D.F. Venter, 
Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch, Alinda G. Vos
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1312 | 15 November 2021

Original Research
Evaluation of an SMS-based mHealth intervention to enhance early infant 
diagnosis follow-up testing and assessment of postnatal prophylaxis
Anele Dube-Pule, Brian C. Zanoni, Cathy Connolly, Majahonkhe Shabangu, 
Moherndran Archary
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1301 | 24 November 2021

Original Research
Physical development and mental health in South African perinatally 
HIV-positive adolescents on antiretroviral therapy and their caregivers 
with and without household food insecurity
Sarah Heany, Nicole Phillips, Landon Myer, Heather Zar, Dan Stein, 
Jacqueline Hoare
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1316 | 15 December 2021

Case Report
A trio of infectious diseases and pulmonary embolism: A developing 
world’s reality
Somasundram Pillay, Nombulelo Magula
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1192 | 28 January 2021

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Case Report
False-positive rapid diagnostic tests in paediatric and obstetric 
patients in South Africa
Josephine Keal, Ahmad H. Mazanderani, Nicola van Dongen, 
Gillian Sorour, Karl-Gunter Technau
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1186 | 29 January 2021

Clinical Images
Skin and mucosal manifestations of an AIDS-related systemic mycosis
Michael T. Boswell, Liam Robinson, Nelesh Govender
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1198 | 28 January 2021

Clinical Images
Giant bacillary angiomatosis
Jeremy Nel, Prudence Ive, Carolina Nel
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1257 | 20 July 2021

Clinical Images
Cutaneous lesions in the setting of disseminated Cryptococcus 
neoformans infection
Mithra John, Stacey Norsworthy, Lauren Richards
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1315 | 29 October 2021

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Editorial 
Celebrating 21 years and introducing the 21st anniversary issue
Yunus Moosa, Lauren Jankelowitz
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1317 | 15 October 2021

Editorial 
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine August 2021
David C. Spencer
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1309 | 15 October 2021

Opinion Paper 
Establishing targets for advanced HIV disease: A call to action
David B. Meya, Lillian Tugume, Vennie Nabitaka, Proscovia Namuwenge, 
Sam Phiri, Rita Oladele, Bilkisu Jibrin, Mojisola Mobolaji-Bello, Cecilia 
Kanyama, Werner Maokola, Sayoki Mfinanga, Cordelia Katureebe, 
Ikechukwu Amamilo, Brian Ngwatu, Joseph N. Jarvis, Thomas S. Harrison, 
Amir Shroufi, Radha Rajasingham, David Boulware, Nelesh P. Govender, 
Angela Loyse
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1266 | 10 August 2021

Opinion Paper
Importance of global communication to combat global 
pandemics: Lessons from the HIV Online Provider  
Education programme
Efeose A. Airewele, Henry Sunpath, Mahomed-Yunus S. Moosa,  
Rajesh T. Gandhi
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1281 | 31 August 2021

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Vol 22, No 1 (2021) Special Collection: The 95-95-95% UNAIDS Targets for 2030: Are these goals achievable in Southern Africa?

Opinion Paper
Optimised paediatric antiretroviral treatment to achieve  
the 95-95-95 goals
Moherndran Archary, Riana van Zyl, Nosisa Sipambo, Gillian Sorour
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1278 | 01 September 2021

Opinion Paper
Looking back at paediatric HIV treatment in South Africa. My, 
how we have grown!
Leon J. Levin, Juliet L. Horak, James Nuttall
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1283 | 16 September 2021

Original Research
Geographical variation in HIV testing in South Africa: Evidence from the 
2017 national household HIV survey
Sean Jooste, Musawenkosi Mabaso, Myra Taylor, Alicia North, Yolande 
Shean, Leickness C. Simbayi, Tarylee Reddy, Leonard Mwandingi, Tenielle 
Schmidt, Portia Nevhungoni, Samuel Manda, Khangelani Zuma
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1273 | 31 August 2021

Original Research
Five years after Treat All implementation: Botswana’s HIV response 
and future directions in the era of COVID-19
Keith Jefferis, Ava Avalos, Heston Phillips, Mpho Mmelesi, Dinah 
Ramaabya, Bornapate Nkomo, Charles Muthoga, Joseph N. Jarvis, 
Siphiwe Ratladi, Robert Selato, John Stover
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1275 | 15 October 2021

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Table of Contents

Correction
Erratum: Unexpected low frequency of respiratory symptoms in 
an HIV-positive urban sub-Saharan population compared to an 
HIV-negative control group
Maren Kummerow, Erica J. Shaddock, Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch, Roos B. 
Barth, Diederick E. Grobbee, W.D. Francois Venter, Charles Feldman, 
Alinda Vos
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1180 | 19 April 2021

389 Correction
Corrigendum: Southern African guidelines on the safe, easy and 
effective use of pre-exposure prophylaxis: 2020
Linda-Gail Bekker, Benjamin Brown, Dvora Joseph-Davey, Kathrine Gill, 
Michelle Moorhouse, Sinead Delany-Moretlwe, Landon Myer, Catherine 
Orrell, Kevin Rebe, W.D. Francois Venter, Carole L. Wallis
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1295 | 08 December 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgement
Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine | Vol 22, No 1 | a1357 | 21 December 2021

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