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INSTRUCTIONS
1. Read the journal. All the answers will be found there.
2. Go to www.mpconsulting.co.za to answer the questions.

Accreditation number: MDB001/012/01/2014 (Clinical)

CPD QUESTIONNAIRE
Vol. 15, No. 2

A maximum of 3 CEUs will be awarded per correctly completed test.

Effective in 2014, the CPD programme for SAJHIVMED will be administered by Medical Practice Consulting:
CPD questionnaires must be completed online at www.mpconsulting.co.za. After submission, you can check the answers and 
print your certificate.

This programme is available free of charge to members of the SA HIV Clinicians Society and SAMA only.

True or false:

Regarding consent of minors to health research:
1.  Usually, health research involving children only requires 

parental consent for children <12 years of age. 
2.  New national health legislation calls for written parental 

consent for all minors before participating in HIV-related 
health research, thus making research into marginalised 
groups or illegal behaviours unusually difficult. 

Regarding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings in patients 
with meningitis:
3.  Cryptococcal meningitis accounts for more than half of 

premature mortality in HIV-infected individuals. 
4.  Confusion on initial presentation may be a significant pre-

dictor of an abnormal CSF analysis result. 
5.  Coagulopathies are uncommon in HIV-infected indivi-

duals, thus checking platelets and international normalised 
ratio before lumbar puncture is not usually recommended. 

Regarding antiretroviral therapy (ART) use in pregnancy:
6.  The integration of ART services into antenatal care will 

always decrease the time to ART initiation during preg-
nancy, and increase the proportion of pregnant women 
initiated on ART. 

7.  The greatest risk of mother-to-child transmission is in 
HIV-infected women with low CD4+ counts, who are 
eligible for lifelong ART.

8.  The updated prevention of mother-to-child transmission 
(PMTCT) guidelines recommend starting all HIV-infec-
ted pregnant women on a triple-drug antiretroviral reg-
imen at their first antenatal visit. 

Regarding shedding of HIV in the female genital tract:
9.  Ability to detect HIV in genital secretions is associated 

with higher plasma HIV viral loads. 

10.  Women on ART for extended periods of time are likely 
to have lower plasma viral loads but higher viral loads in 
genital tract secretions.  

Regarding Stevens-Johnson syndrome:
11.  Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is different from toxic 

epidermal necrolysis (TEN) mainly in that SJS covers more 
body surface area than TEN. 

12.  An immunological response involving CD8+ T lympho-
cytes is the most likely explanation for the pathogenesis of 
SJS/TEN.

13.  Sulphonamides and nevirapine are the drugs most 
commonly implicated in the comorbidity of SJS/TEN and 
HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. 

Regarding needlestick injuries among hospitalised patients:
14.  More than 10% of patients suffer some form of harm 

during hospital care. 
15.  Needlestick injury between patients is a well-documented 

form of iatrogenic injury. 
16.  Health systems factors, such as overcrowding, are 

important preventable risk factors for needlestick injuries. 

Regarding optic neuropathy in HIV:
17.  Among antituberculous agents, rifampicin is most widely 

known to cause optic neuropathies. 
18.  Optic neuropathy in HIV-infected patients usually results 

from hereditary conditions that are exacerbated by anti-
retroviral drugs. 

19.  Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) can be 
triggered by nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in 
HIV-infected patients who harbour the LHON mutations. 

20.  Individuals with the mutation for LHON display a number 
of preceding symptoms that culminate in visual loss. 

19064 Mylan HIV A4Ad rF.indd   1 2013/04/29   3:21 PM

72    SAJHIVMED   JUNE 2014, Vol. 15, No. 2  

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