C P D  Q U E S T I O N S
Journal 33

Two CPD points are awarded for the correct completion and submission of the questions below.

CPD questionnaires must be completed online via www.cpdjournals.org.za.
After submission you can check the answers and print your certificate.

Questions may be answered up to 6 months after publication of each issue.
This programme is available free of charge to members of the HIV Clinicians Society and SAMA only.

1.  True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
 Clinical deterioration due to TB-IRIS generally occurs within 9 

months of starting HAART. 

2.  True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
 IRIS is thought to be due to the recovery of the Th1 immune 

response following successful suppression of viral replication 
by HAART. 

3.  True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
 The demonstration of intranuclear inclusions or Cowdry type 

A bodies in lung biopsies is highly suggestive of PJP infection 
in the lungs.

4.  True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
 Hepatitis B is an RNA virus that replicates in the liver. 

5.  True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
 In South Africa, the most common HBV genotypes are A1 and 

E.

6.  True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
 Genotype C of HBV is associated more often than others with 

liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. 

7.  True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
 Hepatitis B surface antigen (infectious agent) is the first 

serological marker to appear after infection, and persistence 
for >6 months indicates chronic HBV infection.

8.  True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
 HIV increases the risk of acute HBV infection progressing to a 

chronic active infection (positive HBsAg for >6 months) by at 
least 3-fold. 

9.  True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
 Interferon and nelfinavir are anti-HIV drugs that also have an 

anti-HBV effect. 

10.  True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
 Other agents active against hepatitis B mono-infection 

include entecavir, adefovir and telbivudine. 

11.  True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
 Monotherapy with 3TC for hepatitis B in co-infected patients 

will result in resistance in 60 - 80% of patients in 12 months. 

12.  True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
 HBV vaccination is not recommended in HIV infection. 

13.  True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
 The use of ddI and d4T in pregnancy as part of triple 

combination therapy regimens is not recommended due to 
increased risk of lipodystrophy. 

14.  True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
 Women with CD4 T-cell counts >250 cells/µl are more likely 

to experience hepatic toxicity when commencing nevirapine 
than if CD4 T-cell counts are lower. 

15.  True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
 Efavirenz is listed as category D in the US FDA pregnancy 

categories. 

16.  True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
 Reasons for expedited ART initiation in adults include low 

CD4 count and pregnancy.

17.  True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
 Expedited ART initiation in children is indicated when children 

reach 5 years of age. 

18.  True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
 Expedited ART initiation in children is indicated when CD4 is 

<15% or the CD4 count is <100 cells/µl. 

19.  True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
 No one should wait more than 1 month for ART, and in 

expedited cases the wait should be no more than 2 weeks.

20.  True (A) or false (B) – click on the correct answer:
 Concurrency is defined as sexual partnerships overlapping in 

time. 

CPD MARCH 2009.indd   1 3/16/09   2:20:24 PM