99    SAJHIVMED   JUNE 2013, Vol. 14, No. 2  

CPD QUESTIONNAIRE
Vol. 14, No. 2

True (A) or false (B):

Regarding 'men who have sex with men (MSM)-appropriate' 
health services in South Africa (SA):
1.  Local evidence suggests that there are high rates of HIV 

among the population of MSM. 
2.  Biologically, unprotected vaginal sex is more likely than 

unprotected receptive anal sex to transmit HIV.  
3.   For a health-provision site to be considered MSM-appropriate, 

services need to be friendly, sensitive and competent.

With regard to managing AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) 
and pregnancy:
4.  In sub-Saharan Africa, KS with pulmonary manifestations 

generally has an associated life expectancy of <6 months. 
5.  Patients with a favourable prognostic index should be 

treated with a combination of antiretroviral therapy (ART) 
and systematic chemotherapy immediately.

6.  Liposomal doxorubicin and a taxane group constitute the 
backbone of current systemic chemotherapy against KS in 
the developed world.
 

Regarding screening for suicide risk among HIV-infected 
persons in the immediate post-diagnosis period:  
7.   HIV-infected individuals are at higher risk of suicidality 

than the general population in SA.
8.  A number of psychometric, clinical and biological measures 

to detect suicide risk have made it simple to measure and 
predict this risk accurately.

9.  Self-reported screening tools provide an adequate evaluation 
of suicidality.
 

Regarding the challenges to delivering quality care in a 
prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of 
HIV programme in Soweto, SA:
10.    Knowledge of PMTCT interventions in SA is high among 

pregnant women and healthcare providers.
11.    Challenges in scaling up PMTCT services in the SA public 

healthcare sector relate to coverage at different steps of the 
PMTCT cascade, and also to the quality of care rendered in 
the PMTCT services.

12.    ART initiated pre-conception decreases the risk of mother-
to-child transmission of HIV significantly.

13.    Disclosure of HIV status is unrelated to PMTCT inter-
vention uptake and adherence among women.

Regarding HIV sero-conversion during late pregnancy and 
when to retest:
14.    Pregnancy poses an increased risk for HIV acquisition by 

women.
15.    High viral loads during primary HIV infection increase 

risk of vertical transmission in utero, peripartum and post 
partum.

16.    The two HIV tests recommended during pregnancy – one 
at the first antenatal visit and one at 32 weeks of gestation  – 
are adequate to identify all new HIV infections in pregnant 
women.

Regarding HIV/human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 
(HTLV-1) co-infection:
17.    Co-infections, previous splenectomy, and lymphopro-

liferative disorders are among the pathophysiological 
causes for a normal or raised CD4+ count in the background 
of a progressive HIV infection.

18.    HIV-1/HTLV-1 co-infected patients have been found to 
progress to advanced clinical disease with a high HIV viral 
load but in the presence of a normal or higher than normal 
CD4+ count.

Regarding parental presence within households and the 
impact of ART in Khayelitsha, SA:
19.    Young adults with advanced HIV disease are likely to rely 

on and live with their families for support, but this can be 
reversed after initiation of ART. 

Regarding ART adherence clubs as a long-term retention 
strategy for clinically stable patients receiving ART:
20.  The ART adherence club model leads to better adherence 

and long-term retention in care for clinically stable ART 
patients compared to usual clinical services. 

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Five CPD points are awarded for the correct completion and submission of the questions below.

CPD questionnaires must be completed online via www.cpdjournals.co.za. After submission, you can check the answers 
and print your certificate.

This programme is available free of charge to members of the SA HIV Clinicians Society and SAMA only.

INSTRUCTIONS
1. Read the journal. All the answers will be found there.
2. Go to www.cpdjournals.co.za to answer the questions.

Accreditation number: MDB001/011/01/2013 (Clinical)

2013/04/29   3:21 PM