Substantia. An International Journal of the History of Chemistry 5(1): 135-156, 2021 Firenze University Press www.fupress.com/substantia ISSN 2532-3997 (online) | DOI: 10.36253/Substantia-1097 Citation: Sztejnberg A. (2021) The Emi- nent Russian German Chemist Frie- drich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906) in the Literature between the 19th and 21st Centuries. Substantia 5(1): 135-156. doi: 10.36253/Substan- tia-1097 Received: Sep 12, 2020 Revised: Nov 30, 2020 Just Accepted Online: Dec 01, 2020 Published: Mar 01, 2021 Copyright: © 2021 Sztejnberg A. This is an open access, peer-reviewed article published by Firenze University Press (http://www.fupress.com/substantia) and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distri- bution, and reproduction in any medi- um, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All rel- evant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Competing Interests: The Author(s) declare(s) no conflict of interest. Historical Articles The Eminent Russian – German Chemist Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906) in the Literature between the 19th and 21st Centuries Aleksander Sztejnberg University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland E-mail: a.sztejnberg@uni.opole.pl Abstract. Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906) was one of the most prominent chemists of the second half of the nineteenth century. His life and scientific achieve- ments were described in the literature published between the 19th and 21st centuries in different countries. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize readers with the impor- tant events in the life of Beilstein and his research activities, in particular with selected results of his experimental studies. The names of authors of biographical notes or biog- raphies about Beilstein, published in 1890-2018, and literature on his correspondence are given. In addition, a list of his publications is included. Keyword: F. K. Beilstein, Organic chemistry, Beilstein test, Handbuch der organischen Chemie, Russia, Germany – XIX century. 1. THE IMPORTANT EVENTS IN BEILSTEIN’S LIFE Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (Fyodor Fyodorovich Beil’shtein, Фëдор Фëдорович Бейльштейн) was called a man of high rank in the profession1 as well as a man of extraordinary erudition and excellent language skills.2 One hundred and fourteen years have passed since his death, but in that time little has appeared in the literature about this outstanding man. He went down in the history of chemistry as one of the creators of synthesis in organic chemistry, as well as a person who for a long period of his life sys- tematized organic compounds. Beilstein was born into a family of German emigrants in St. Petersburg on February 5 [according to the Julian calendar (Old Style); Feb. 17, by the Gregorian calendar (New Style), adopted in Russia on February 1, 1918] 1838, and he was the son of Karl Friedrich Beilstein (1809-1865), and Katharina Margarete (née Rutsch) (1818-1883). His grandfather moved to Russia in his youth from the city of Darmstad.3 At the age of 14, after study at Petrischule,4 the excellent German school of the Russian capital, he continued his education (September, 1853-1855) at Heidelberg, where his interest in chemistry was inspired and directed by Robert Bunsen (1811-1899).5 In 1855, he transferred to Munich, where he http://www.fupress.com/substantia http://www.fupress.com/substantia 136 Aleksander Sztejnberg listened to lectures of Justus von Liebig (1803-1873) as well as he studied mathematics and physics. In Munich, under Philipp von Jolly (1809-1884) he completed his first experimental investigation Ueber die Diffusion von Flüssigkeiten (Concerning the Diffusion of Liquids).6 In April 1856, he returned to Heidelberg, where he worked under Bunsen until March 1857. Then he went to Göt- tingen where, under Friedrich Wöhler (1800-1882), he established murexide as the ammonium salt of purpu- ric acid.7 In February 1858, at the age of 20, he submit- ted his thesis Ueber das Murexid to the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Göttingen and obtained his doctor’s degree in Philosophy.8 In October 1858 he went to Paris where he worked in the laboratory of Charles- Adolphe Wurtz (1817-1884) in the École de Médecine until September 1859. Then he moved to Breslau (now, Wrocław, Poland), where he became the laboratory assis- tant of Carl Jacob Löwig (1803-1890). In 1860, he was invited by Wöhler to return to Göttingen, where he spent six years actively engaged in organic chemistry experimental research.9 In the same year, he attended the first ever International Congress of Chemists held in Karlsruhe (Germany) on 3-5 Sep- tember. In November, as a private docent at the Uni- versity of Göttingen, he began to lecture. In 1865, he was appointed extraordinary professor. From this year, together with Hans Hübner (1837-1884) and Rudolph Fittig (1835-1910), he continued editing Zeitschrift für Chemie (1865-1871), founded by August Kekulé (1829- 1896).10 In 1866, at the age of 28, Beilstein was invited to succeed Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (1834-1907) at the Imperial Technological Institute of St. Petersburg, where he subsequently taught for 30 years. His duties included lecturing on general chemistry (inorganic, organic and theoretical), laboratory management and conducting laboratory classes on analytical chemistry. He performed these duties until 1891, when after 25 years of work and approval as an honorary professor, he still worked as a professor until 1896. In that year, professor Mikhail Dmitrievich Lvov (1849-1899) became his successor.11 Since 1867, in parallel with his professorship at the Imperial Technological Institute, he lectured in chem- istry at the Nikolaev Engineering Academy and was a chemist in the Council of Trade and Manufactures (CTM).12 In 1868, he was one of the founding mem- bers of the Russkoye Khimicheskoye Obshchestvo (Rus- sian Chemical Society) at the Saint Petersburg Imperial University. For his scientific work, in particular for his experimental studies, in 1874 he was elevated to the to the degree of Doctor of Chemistry Imperial Moscow University.13 Beilstein was appointed official delegate of CTM to almost all International Expositions, starting from Paris in 1867. After visiting an exhibition in Vienna, together with Alexander Kirillovich Krupsky (1845-1911), they wrote a book in Russian called Factory Chemical Industry of Western European Countries at the Vienna Universal Exhibition of 1873. It was published in 1874.14 A year ear- lier, Beilstein’s book entitled Die chemische Grossindustrie auf der Weltaustellung zu Wien im Jahre 1873 was pub- lished in Leipzig.15 “Beilstein’s international prestige was to a certain extent contributed by his personal qualities: great eru- dition, interest in social life and excellent knowledge of languages, which allowed him to take an active part in the work of various international congresses, exhibi- tions, in celebrations of anniversaries. In addition to Russian and German, French and English, Beilstein was fluent in Italian and Swedish.” 16 Beilstein’s participation in the scientific celebrations abroad Beilstein repeatedly was a representative of the Imperial Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences on anni- versaries, e.g. University of Halle (1894). In 1900, he vis- ited Berlin to participate in the conference devoted to the 200th Anniversary of Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences.17 Figure 1 is a photography made during this celebration.18 Benjamin Harrow (1888-1970) inserted this photo on the one of first pages of his book entitled Emi- nent Chemists of Our Time. He also wrote that it “show- ing several eminent chemists was taken at one of the international scientific gatherings.” 19 Photograph was published by Harrow thanks to the kindness of the Dutch chemist Ernst Julius Cohen (1869- 1944).20 From the left to right are standing: the German chemist Albert Ladenburg (1842-1911),21 the Danish chemist and historian of chemistry Sophus Mads Jør- gensen (1837-1914),22 the Finnish chemist and historian of chemistry Evard Immanuel Hjelt (1855-1921),23 the German chemist Hans Heinrich Landolt (1831-1910),24 the German chemist Clemens Alexander Winkler (1838- 1904),25 who discovered germanium in 1886, and the British chemist and historian of chemistry Thomas Edward Thorpe (1845-1925).26 To the left of Beilstein, who sat second from the left, was the Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus van’t Hoff (1852- 1911),27 a Nobel Laureate in Chemistry in 1901, and on the right ‒ the Scottish chemist William Ramsay (1852- 1916),28 who discovered of inert gaseous elements in air (neon, argon, krypton, and xenon) and was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904, the Russian chemist D. I. Mendeleev,29-30 who discovered the Periodic Law in 137The Eminent Russian – German Chemist Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906) in the Literature between 19th and 21st Centuries 1871, the German chemist Adolf von Baeyer (1835-1917),31 who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1905, and the Italian chemist Alfonso Cossa (1833-1902).32 Death of Beilstein Beilstein died of a heart attack on October 5 (Old Style); Oct. 18 (New Style) 1906. His funeral took place on October 9 at the Volkov Cemetery in St. Peters- burg.33 In 1945, the Russian-American chemist Vladimir Nikolayevich Ipatieff (1867-1952) wrote in his memoirs: “When I entered the auditorium for a meeting of Phys.- Chem. Society, it has already begun, and the chairman asked everyone to stand up to honor the memory of the deceased. When I asked who died, I was told that Beil- stein died on that day... This event struck me very much, especially since F. F. [Fyodor Fyodorovich] was not yet old, full of energy and did not stop working.(…) Belstein was a bachelor, but he adopted one girl, who was the heir to his entire fortune. F. F.’s funeral was organized very solemnly, and a huge number of chemists and other sci- entists took part in them.” 34 Obituaries have been published in several chemi- cal journals. The Russian chemist Nikolay Nikolayevich Beketov (1827-1911) published his text in Zhurnal Russkogo fiziko-khimicheskogo obshchestva35, and the President of the French Chemical Society, the chem- ist Armand Gautier (1837-1920) in Bulletin de la Société Chimique de Paris.36 The German chemist Paul Jacobson (1859-1923) wrote about Beilstein in the Chemiker-Zei- tung in 1906.37 The German chemist Otto Nikolaus Witt (1853-1915) and E. I. Hjelt published their obituaries in Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft.38-39 Witt’s obituary also appeared in English in the Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions in 1911.40 Otto Lutz published his obituary in Angewandte Chemie.41 One of his statements about Beilstein was also quoted by Lyudmila Anatolyevna Shmulevich and the Russian historian of chemistry Yusuf Suleymanovich Musabekov (1910-1970). They wrote: “Chemistry again suffered a sensitive loss ... Died a man who did a lot for the progress of science, a man who, thanks to his pecu- liar talent, combined with extraordinary hard work, was able to create a work that has no equal and is intended to facilitate the work of chemists and encourage them to be creative.” 42 2. BEILSTEIN’S WORKS The list of works published by him includes over one hundred and eighty articles and books that appeared in print for forty-three years from 1856 to 1899. The major- ity of these are the articles presenting the results of his experimental works, published in the Zhurnal Russkogo fiziko-khimicheskogo obshchestva in Russia, as well as in German and French journals. Among them are his orig- inal papers devoted to the problems of the of isomerism of the organic compounds, various analytical chemistry issues, and chemistry and technology of the petroleum can be found. A large number of the results of the experimental research carried out by him were published in German in the Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, Zeitschrift für Chemie and Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesells- chaft. A few his articles were published in French in the Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires Des Séances De L’Académie Des Sciences and Bulletin de la Societe chim- ique de Paris. In the period from 1856 to 1882, he published, mainly from organic chemistry, the results of 152 stud- ies. In the next, almost 25-year period from 1882 to 1906, the number of his publications was 27. A large part of all Beilstein’s works was done between 1867 and 1884 jointly with few his collaborators, such as Alfons Pav- lovich Kuhlberg (1867-1873), Apollon Apollonovich Kur- batow (1874-1883), Ludwig Julievich Jawein (1879-1884) and others.43 His first works in the field of organic chemistry was published in 1859 and concerned on the conversion of acetal to acetaldehyde.44 In subsequent years, aromatic compounds were the main area of his research interests. In 1863, he and Julius Wilbrand (1839-1906) obtained para-nitrobenzoic acid by oxidation of nitrotoluene.45 Beilstein’s research interests also focused around ana- lytical chemistry. He devised a sensitive test, “the beauti- fully simple procedure now constantly employed in all Figure 1. Beilstein with the group of the prominent chemists (Pub- lic domain, from reference 18). 138 Aleksander Sztejnberg laboratories under the name of the Beilstein test for halo- gens in organic compounds.” 46 In 1872, he published it in Zhurnal Russkogo khimicheskogo obshchestva47 and in Ber- ichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft.48 The proce- dure for the Beilstein test was also quoted by an American chemist Eduard Farber (1892-1969) in an article published in Isis. Beilstein called the test “not new in principle”, since it was based on “the known [the Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob] Berzelius [(1779-1848)] reaction showing the pres- ence of Cl, Br, I in mineral substances by means of cop- per oxide (...).” 49 Beilstein proposed the following varia- tion: “A little quantity of copper oxide is brought into the ear formed in a platinum wire and fastened there by short heating to a glow. This copper oxide is then dipped into the substance, or a little of the solid material is sprinkled on, and then the wire is brought into a moderately strong flame near its lower and inner rim. At first the carbon burns and the flame is bright, right afterward the charac- teristic green or blue color of the flame appears.” 50 In 1867, Beilstein’s book under the title Rukovodstvo k kachestvennomu khimicheskomu analizu (Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis) was published in Rus- sia.51 In the same year, this book was published in Ger- many under the title Anleitung zur qualitativen chemis- chen Analyse.52 The second, revised German edition was published in Leipzig in 1870,53 the seventh in 1892,54 and the last, ninth in 1909. The Dutch edition of Beilstein “Rukovodstvo” appeared in 1868.55 This book has also been published in English by William Collins, Sons, & Company in Glasgow in 1873. The book ’s translator was William Ramsay.56 In the United States this book was published in 1876 under the title An Introduction to Qualitative Chemical Analysis, translated from the third German edition of Beilstein “Anleitung” by I. J. Osbun.57 The French edition of this book was published in 1882.58 He was also the author of a book entitled Lessons in Quali- tative Chemical Analysis (1883) published in Saint Louis in USA.59 It was translated from the fifth German edi- tion of his Anleitung zur qualitativen chemischen Analyse (1877) by Charles O. Curtman (1829-1896), Professor of Chemistry in the Missouri Medical College. The second edition of this book was published in 1886.60 In 1868, he published his Rukovodstvo k kolichest- vennomu analizu (Manual of Quantitative Analysis).61 Twenty-two years later, his book written jointly with Jawein under the title Rukovodstvo k kachestvennomu i kolichestvennomu khimicheskomu analizu (Manual of Quantitative and Qualitative Chemical Analysis) was published in St. Petersburg.62 This was the sixth, extend- ed edition of Beilstein “Rukovodstvo” (1867).63 The sev- enth edition of this book was released in 1896.64 Beilstein is one of the first researchers in the field of chemistry and technology of Russian oil. In the first half of the 1880s, he together with the engineer A. A. Kurba- tow (1851-1903) began a systematic study of the compo- sition of the Caucasian Petroleum. Their two important papers on this topic were published in German in Ber- ichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 65-66. In 1883, their Russian article Issledovaniye Kavkazskoy Nefti was also published in Zhurnal Russkogo fiziko-khmicheskogo obshchestva.67 These researchers also showed the differ- ence between Russian and American oil.68 From 1881, he continued his scientific activity of other nature. Instead of previous laboratory and experi- mental work, he began to devote almost all his energy to systematizing organic compounds.69 The world’s first multi-volume Handbuch der organischen Chemie by Beilstein The problem of classif ying organic compounds according to their properties, methods of preparation, etc., Beilstein found very interesting during his stay in Germany. At the time, he considered writing a hand- book to organic chemistry. For almost 17 years of his life, he collected information about organic compounds described in world literature.The fruit of his gigantic and independent work was the first two-volume edition entitled Handbuch der organischen Chemie, which was published in 1881 and 1883 in the Publishing House of Leopold Voss in Leipzig.70 Thanks to his perseverance, it became possible to document and systematize the 15,000 organic compounds71 known at the time in these two volumes, which comprised a total of 2,201 pages.72 After a few years, there was a need to expand and improve this work. Beilstein himself edited the next two editions of his Handbuch. The second edition (three volumes, 4,080 pages)73 was published in 1886-1890,74-76 and is available in the Internet Archive. The next, third, four-volume edition, which required seven years of his work, comprised of 6,844 pages77 and contained almost 74,000 organic compounds.78 It was published in 1893- 1899.79 All volumes of this edition are also available on the Internet.80-83 The American chemist and chemical bibliographer Henry Carrington Bolton (1843-1903) was full of admi- ration for Beilstein’s work. He characterized his “Hand- buch” as follows: “A stupendous monument of industri- ous, intelligent compilation.” 84 Pavel Ivanovich Walden (1863-1957), Ordinary Academician of the Imperial Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences, wrote in his Ocherk istorii khimii v Rossii (Essay on the History of Chemis- try in Russia) that “its significance and fame will survive 139The Eminent Russian – German Chemist Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906) in the Literature between 19th and 21st Centuries many generations of chemists. This is a labor that has been a prototype for other branches of chemical science and a lasting monument to energy, knowledge and dili- gence of its author.”85 Supplementary volumes for the third edition of the Handbuch der organischen Chemie were published by the Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft in 1901-1906. These were exclusively the work of Paul Jacobson and his col- laborators.86-90 The Fourth Edition, including five supplements, was published from 1918-1998, covering the chemical litera- ture through 1979. Beilstein realized from as soon as he completed the first edition that a major revision of the classification would be needed. However, he himself never felt that he had the time to complete such a reor- ganization of the entire work. The “Beilstein System,” the basis for the organization of the Fourth Edition, was developed by P. Jacobson, Bernhard Prager (1867-1934), and Dora Stern beginning in 1906. This classification was not subsequently changed; indeed, the stability of the Beilstein System from its origins in 1906 through the final volumes of the fifth supplement to the fourth edi- tion in 1998 was a foundation of great usefulness of the work. The primary challenge necessitating the constant need to publish more and more supplementary volumes was the massive quantity of new research published in organic chemistry, whether it addressed novel com- pounds or provided additional significant information about previously known compounds. From 1933, Friedrich Richter (1896-1961) was the director of the Beilstein editorial office and on August 1, 1951, he was appointed president of the Institute in Frankfurt am Main91 under the name Beilstein-Institut für Literatur der organischen Chemie (Beilstein-Insti- tut for literature of organic chemistry), which acted as a non-profit foundation.92 He was followed by Hans- Günther Boit (1916-1985) in December 1961. Until 2011, the editor of Beilstein Handbook was Reiner Luckenbach (1941-2011), who succeeded Boit in 197893. In 1999, the name of the Institute was modified to Beilstein-Institut zur Förderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften (Beilstein Institute for the Advancement of Chemical Sciences).94 In the same year, the Institut “revised and updated its constitution (...), redefining its role in the era of elec- tronic publishing and online information systems.”95 Richter wrote several articles about Beilstein’s Hand- buch der Organischen Chemie. His first paper was pub- lished in Agnewandte Chemie in 1925.96 His book with retrospectives on the Handbuch appeared thirty-two years later.97 His other article under the title Beilsteins Handbuch – 75 Jahre organisch‐chemischer Dokumenta- tion was also published in Angavandte Chemie in 1958.98 On the hundredth Anniversary of Beilstein’s birth, in 1938, Richter published an article in Journal of Chemical Education. He wrote in it: “The history of science knows no standstills and famous textbooks mark its course like milestones. When (1881-83), scarcely thirty years after Gmelin’s death, Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906) put out the first parts of his “Handbuch der organischen Chemie,” he could not have foretold that this modest attempt, as he called it, would make his name immor- tal. From the two small volumes of the first edition it could not have been foreseen that eventually forty vol- umes would not suffice to house the total treasure trove of organic chemistry.”99 It should be emphasized here that the German chemist Leopold Gmelin (1788-1853) became very well- known through his Handbuch der Chemie, whose pro- vided a model for the kind of reference work that Beil- stein compiled. After Gmelin’s death, subsequent edi- tions of the Handbuch der Chemie had focused on inor- ganic compounds only, leading to its retitling as Gme- lins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie, an inorganic counterpart to Beilsteins Handbuch that was also edited by the Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft beginning in the 1920s. In 1981, Luckenbach and Josef Sunkel wrote an arti- cle titled Das Wissenschaftliche Handbuch. 100 Jahre Beilstein, which was published in Naturwissenschaften.100 These authors about Beilstein “Handbuch” wrote: “The Beilstein’s Handbook, which in its 4th edition up to the end of 1980 reaches 225 volumes …, covers all organic compounds described in the science literature. Together with “Gmelin’s Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry”…, which describes inorganic compounds, they cover almost the entire area of chemistry.”101 In 1990, the fourth edition of the Beilstein Hand- book of Organic Chemistry consisted of over 350 printed volumes containing over 275,000 pages of text,102 and in 1998, reached a total of 503 volumes and over 440,000 pages.103 The British historian Evan Hepler-Smith wrote on Beilstein’s Handbuch and his role in the development of systematic organic nomenclature in his article published in Ambix in 2015.104 3. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTES OR BIOGRAPHIES ABOUT FRIEDRICH KONRAD BEILSTEIN PUBLISHED IN 1890-2018 In 1890, P. Alekseyev described Beilstein’s life and works in Vengerov’s Dictionary under the title Kritiko- Biograficheskiy Slovar’ Russkikh Pisateley I Uchenykh (Ot 140 Aleksander Sztejnberg Nachala Russkoy Obrazovannosti Do Nashikh Dney).105 A biographical note about him was published in Brokgauz – Yefron, Entsiklopedicheskiy Slovar’ in 1891.106 Seven years later, information about him and his publications appeared in Poggendorff ’s Handwörterbuch.107 In 1915, Walden108-109 published his biographical note in Materi- aly Dlya Biograficheskogo Slovarya Deystvitel’nykh Chle- nov Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk.110 The Russian historian of chemistry Maks Abramov- ich Blokh (1882-1941) presented Beilstein’s biographical note in his book published in 1931.111 Richter published two articles about him in German chemical journals in 1938.112-113 In the same year, Professor of Organic Chem- istry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (U.S.A.) Ernest H. Huntress (1899-1970) published his article about Beilstein’s life and works in the Journal of Chemical Education in 1938. The American chemist Henry Monmouth Smith (1868-1950) wrote Beilstein’s brief biographie in his book published in New York in 1949,115 and the British chem- ist and historian of chemistry James Riddick Partington (1886-1965) wrote about him in his History of Chemistry published in 1964.116 Musabekov and Shmulevich wrote about Beilstein in their article in 1969.117 His biographi- cal note, written by the German chemist and historian of chemistry Otto Krätz (b. 1937), was published in Che- mie In Unserer Zeit.118 The first in the world Beilstein’s full-length biogra- phy was written by Shmulevich and Musabekov in 1971. In this book, the first chapter is devoted to the life of the scientist. In the second chapter of this monograph, the authors discussed the experimental research carried out by Beilstein. The third chapter describes his work on the Handbuch der organischen Chemie. The structure of the book also includes extensive systematic bibliography and a list of selected literature published until 1969 about Beilstein and his “Handbuch.”119 A Beilstein’s biographical note, written by the Rus- sian chemist Feliks Kazimirovich Velichko (b. 1931), was published in 1972.120 Luckenbach wrote about him in Chemie In Unserer Zeit in 1981.121 In 2004, in Göttingen, in the third edition of the publication devoted to the 300th Anniversary of Saint Petersburg appeared an article entitled Friedrich Konrad Beilstein: Chemiker zweier Nationen (Friedrich Konrad Beilstein: Chemist from Two Nations).122 Its author is the chemist and historian of natural sciences Elena Evgeniev- na Roussanova, candidate of chemical sciences, from St. Petersburg. She works at the Institut für Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften, Mathematik und Technik (Institute for the History of Science, Mathemtics and Technology) at the University of Hamburg and at the Sächsische Aka- demie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig (Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Leipzig). Two years later, she wrote about Beilstein in an article published in the col- lection of papers of the International Conference devot- ed to the 145th Anniversary of the Structure Theory of Organic Compounds of A. M. Butlerov and 100th Anni- versary of the Memory to F. F. Beilstein.123 The American historian of science Michael D. Gordin, Professor of Modern and Contemporary His- tory at Princeton University, wrote about Beilstein’s life and work in his article published in Chemical Herit- age in 2003,124 and also in the chapter entitled Beilstein Unbound: the Pedagogical Unraveling of a Man and His Handbuch in a book edited by David Kaiser, Professor of the History of Science at MIT, which was published in MIT Press in 2005.125 Beilstein is also discussed fairly extensively in another Gordin’s book that was published by the University of Chicago Press in 2015.126 In 2006, a books about Beilstein, written by Roussa- nova appeared on the 100th Anniversary of his death.127 One year later, together with Olga Shcherbinina, she wrote an article entitled Fridrikh Konrad Beyl’shteyn (1838-1906) - K 100 letiyu co dnya smerti russko-nemet- skogo khimika (Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906) - On the 100th Anniversary of the Death of a Russian- German chemist).128 In the same year, Rosussanova wrote an article about Beilstein’s election to the Impe- rial Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences entitled F. K. Beilsteins Wahl in die Petersburger Akademie der Wis- senschaften.129 Roussanova’s article entitled Friedrich Konrad Beil- stein und sein Beitrag zur Kommunikation zwischen Deutschland und Russland auf dem Gebiet der Che- mie (Friedrich Konrad Beilstein and His Contribu- tion to Communication Between Germany and Rus- sia in the Field of Chemistry) was published in 2011.130 One year later, David E. Lewis, professor of chemis- try at the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire (U.S.A.), briefly described Beilstein’s life and selected results of his chemical works in the book entitled Early Russian Organic Chemists and Their Legacy in its chapters Frie- drich Konrad (Fyodor Fyodorovich) Beilstein and Beil- stein’s Legacy.131 A Beilstein’s biographical note, written by R. Klaus Müller, was published in 2014.132 Roussa- nova’s article under the title Sankt-Peterburgskiy khimik Fridrikh Konrad Beyl’shteyn (St. Petersburg Chemist Friedrich Konrad Beilstein) was published in St. Peters- burg in 2015 in a book edited by the German historian Dittmar Dahlmann (b. 1949) and the Russian historian Galina Ivanovna Smagina.133 In 2018, Roussanova wrote about Beilstein’s life and works in the first part of her book, entitled Deutsch-russische Beziehungen in der Che- 141The Eminent Russian – German Chemist Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906) in the Literature between 19th and 21st Centuries mie des 19. Jahrhunderts (German-Russian Relations in Chemistry in the 19th Century).134 In the same year, the Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, chem- ist Yuri Alexandrovich Zolotov wrote about him in his book Ocherki istorii analiticheskoy khimii (Essays on the History of Analytical Chemistry).135 4. LITERATURE ON BEILSTEIN’S CORRESPONDENCE Ernest H. Huntress, in an article published in the Journal of Chemical Education in 1938, provided an Eng- lish translation of one of Beilstein’s unpublished letter to his friend August Kekulé (1829-1896), which nicely exem- plifies the 22-year-old Beilstein’s rather biting sense of humor.136 Otto Krätz is the editor of the collection of cor- respondence between Beilstein and Emil Erlenmeyer (1825-1909), with whom he maintained close relations.137 Roussanova’s article entitled Aspekte der deutsch-rus- sischen Wissenschaftsbeziehungen in der Chemie in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts in Briefen des Che- mikers Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (Aspects of German- Russian Scientific Relations in Chemistry in the Second Half of the 19th Century in Letters from the chemist Friedrich Konrad Beilstein) was published in 2005.138 One year later, she wrote an article about new sources of Beilstein’s scientific correspondence.139 Her book, pub- lished in 2007, is an edited collection of Beilstein’s cor- respondence, an invaluable resource for those interested in his life, work, and professional and personal rela- tionships with contemporaneous chemists. Besides the already mentioned Kekulé and Erlenmeyer, he was also in a close relationship with Jacob Volhard (1834-1910), as evidenced by his extensive correspondence.140 The Russian chemist and historian of chemistry Georgiy Vladimirovich Bykov (1914-1982) was the edi- tor of the book entitled Pis’ma russkikh khimikov k But- lerovu (Letters of the Russian Chemists to Butlerow), in which he included letters written, among other, by Beil- stein.141 Together with L. M. Bekassowa he also wrote an article under the title Beiträge zur Geschichte der Che- mie der 60-er Jahre des XIX. Jahrhunderts. F. Beilstein’s Briefe an A. M. Butlerow (Contributions to the History of Chemistry of the Sixties of the XIX. Century. F. Beil- stein’s Letters to A. M. Butlerov), which appeared in Italy in 1966.142 At the beginning of the 1880s, Beilstein also corresponded with the Italian chemist Stanislao Cannizzaro (1826-1910).143-144 In 1906, Sir Henry E. Roscoe published in his auto- biography an English translation of the congratulatory letter he received from his friend Beilstein on the occa- sion of his Graduation Jubilee on April 22, 1904. A frag- ment of this letter is as follows: HIGHLY HONOURED COLLEAGUE, DEAR FRIEND AND FELLOW-STUDENT, To-day, when so many of your Colleagues, Scholars, and Friends are tendering you their congratulations, you may not be unmindful of the voice of one who is far away, but who has been privileged to follow the development and outcome of your career for fully fifty years. Only a few remain from that happy time, but for that very reason their voices may have the great- er weight. It was in the Winter Semester of 1853-54 that I came to Heidelberg to listen, in the class-rooms in the old cloisters, to the teaching of our revered Master, Bun- sen, at the end of which Semester you took your Degree. This occurred soon after the beginning of that brilliant period of the academic activity of that immortal man which attracted the enthusiastic youth of the whole world. … In April 1856, when I returned to Heidelberg from Munich, where I had listened to Liebig and worked with Jolly, you and I were colleagues in the new Laboratory, then just finished, and where later on you were a frequent and welcome guest. In June 1856, we—the senior pupils in Bunsen’s laboratory—were photographed together. In this picture, which lies before me, I see the forms of many dear old friends who are now no more. Yes, most of them —[Johann Friedrich] Bahr [((1815-1875)], [Ludwig] Carius [(1829-1875)], Kekulé, Lothar Meyer [(1830-1895)], [Leo- pold von] Pebal (1826-1887)]—have gone. Besides we two, our excellent and honoured comrade Landolt is the only one remaining.145 The German chemist Richard Anschütz (1852-1937), professor of chemistry at the University of Bonn in the first volume of his biographical book on Kekulé, intro- duced the reader to Beilstein’s stay in Heidelberg in the second half of the 1850s. He also posted a group photo of young chemists, which Beilstein wrote about in a let- ter sent to Roscoe.146-147 Memories of Beilstein’s stay in Heidelberg were deeply rooted in his memory, as he also wrote about this photograph in a letter to Anschütz dated 3/16 June 1906, four months before his death. In it he wrote the correct year the photo was taken, compared to the letter he had sent to Roscoe two years earlier. He wrote, among other things: “During my entire year in Heidelberg, I dined with Kekulé daily. We all dined at the ‘Darmstadt Hof ’ (near the end of the main street) and our society consisted of chemists, with the exception of the economist Adolf Wagner [1835-1917]. When I left at Easter 1857 we had ourselves photographed together. You probably saw this picture: in front, in the first row: Kekulé, Pebal, Carius, Bahr, Landolt, behind them: A. Wagner, [Angelo] Pavesi [(1830-1896)], [Agostino] Fra- polli [(1824-1903)], Lothar Mayer, Roscoe and others, at the end me.”148-149 142 Aleksander Sztejnberg 5. CONCLUSION Friedrich Konrad Beilstein was a great chemist of the second half of the XIX century. In the years 1880- 1896, he was elected as a member of two academies of sciences and several scientific associations. He became a corresponding member of the Imperial Saint Peters- burg Academy of Sciences on December 3, 1883, and he was elected an Ordinary Academician in Chemistry and Technology on December 13, 1886.150 He became mem- ber of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen in 1884, the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences in 1888, and Acad- emy of Science in Uppsala in 1899.151 Beilstein was elected as a member of the Royal Sci- entific Society in Göttingen in 1880. In 1883, he became an honorary member of the London Chemical Society, and two years later ‒ Deutsche Chemische Gesellschaft (German Chemical Society). He was elected as an hon- orary member of the Société de Médecine de Paris (Paris Society of Medicine) (1879), the Imperial Technical Soci- ety (1888), Philadelphia Medical Society (1893), the Man- chester Literary and Philosophical Society (1895) and the Imperial Technological Institute in St. Petersburg (1896). In 1876, at the proposal of Ordinary Academicians Nikolai Nikolaevich Zinin (1812-1880) 152 and Aleksan- dr Mikhailovich Butlerov (1828-1886),153 the Imperial Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences awarded him the Lomonosov Prize. Beilstein’s death did not go unnoticed. In the years 1890-2018, books and articles with his biographical notes or biographies were published in Russia, Ger- many, Great Britain and U.S.A. Occasional exhibitions were also organized. On October 26, 2006, the Göttin- gen Branch of the German Chemical Society organized an exhibition on the 100th anniversary of Beilstein’s death at the Bereichsbibliothek Chemie Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen. On March 30, 2007, the exhibition was held in the Fundamental Library of the Technological Institute in St. Petersburg, where Beilstein worked from 1866 to 1896.154 Since 2005, the Beilstein-Institut zur Förderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften has published the Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry “to provide unrestricted access to high-quality scientific information in the field of organic chemistry.”155 The name of Beilstein is associated with his Hand- buch and research in organic synthesis. The results of his experimental studies have been published in scientific journals in Germany, France and Russia. The Imperial Technological Institute where he worked for thirty years was completed by about 1,000 technologists chemists, who, through their work, have made a great contribution to the development of chemical science.156 Shmulevich and Musabekov, the authors of Beil- stein’s biography, wrote about the immortality of his name as follow: “The greatest popularity comes to a scientist when his own name becomes widely known: his name, for example, is called a unit of measurement – and write it without a capital letter – or any edition. In other words, the name is transferred to an inanimate object. This happened with a native of Russia, St. Peters- burg academician Fyodor Beilstein, so famous among chemists all over the world. When the word “Beilstein” is spoken, the chemist’s imagination is not a man with a thick beard and a handsome, typically learned appear- ance, but a multivolume handbook, where you can quickly find the information you need about any of the myriad organic compounds.”157 This outstanding Russian-German chemist took forever a well-defined place in the history of chemis- try. His name and the name of Gmelin158 are associated with the Gmelin-Beilstein-Denkmünze (Gmelin–Beilstein Memorial Medal) award. It is awarded biennially by the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (German Chemical Society) since 1954, to domestic and foreign “individuals have produced outstanding contributions to the history of chemistry, chemical literature or chemical informa- tion.”159 The prize-winning Gmelin-Beilstein-Denkmünze receives a silver medal, certificate and accompanying prize of € 7,500.160 REFERENCES 1. H. C. Bolton, Science, New Series. 1899, 10(259), p. 869. http://doi.org/10.1126/science.10.259.865 2. 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T. 2, vyp. 22-30 (Critical and Biographical Dictionary of Russian Writers and Scien- tists (From the Beginning of Russian Education to the Present Day)). T. 2, No. 22-30. (Ed.: S. A. Vengerov), Semenovskaya Tipolitografiya (I. A. Yefrona), Sankt- Peterburg, 1890, p. 347 (in Russian). Retrieved from Elektronnaya Biblioteka BELINKI website: http://elib. uraic.ru/handle/123456789/16219 13. See ref. 10 (Walden), p. 25. 14. F. F. Beil’shtein, A. K. Krupskiy, Fabrichnaya khimich- eskaya promyshlennost’ zapadno-yevropeyskikh stran na vsemirnoy vystavke v Vene 1873 goda. Sankt-Peter- burg, 1874. 15. F. Beilstein, Die chemische Grossindustrie auf der Wel- taustellung zu Wien im Jahre 1873, Verlag Von Quan- dt und Händel, Leipzig, 1873. 16. Quoted in ref. 2 (Shmulevich, Musabekov), p. 65. 17. See ref. 10 (Walden), p. 26. 18. 200th Anniversary of Berlin Academy. 1900. Pub- lic Domain. 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Ges. 1907, 40(4), 5041- 5078. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.190704004180 40. O. N. Witt, J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 1911, 99, 1646-1649. https://doi.org/10.1039/CT9119901646 41. O. Lutz, Angew. Chem. 1906, 19(50), 2058-2060. htt- ps://doi.org/10.1002/ange.19060195004 42. Quoted in ref. 2 (Shmulevich, Musabekov), p. 68. 43. See ref. 10 (Walden), p. 26. 44. Fr. Beilstein, Compt. Rend. 1859, 48, 1121-1122. Retrieved from https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/ bpt6k30054/f1117.item.r 144 Aleksander Sztejnberg 45. J. Wilbrand, F. Beilstein, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1863, 128(3), 257-273. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18631280302 46. Quoted in ref. 5 (Huntress), p. 306. 47. F. Beil’shtein, Zh. Russ. Khim. O-va. 1872, 4, 308, 358-359. 48. F. Beilstein, Ber. Dtch. Chem. Ges. 1872, 5(2), 620- 621. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.18720050209 49. Quoted in E. Farber, Isis, 1970, 61(3), p. 383. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.com/stable/229689 50. Quoted in ref. 49 (Farber), p. 383. 51. F. Beil’shtein, Rukovodstvo k kachestvennomu khimich- eskomu analizu, Tipografiya Tovarishchestva Obsh- chestvennaya Pol’za, Sankt-Peterburg, 1867 (in Rus- sian). Retrieved from Elektronnaya biblioteka GPNTB Rossii website: http://193.233.14.50/reader/flipping/ Resource-895/Beyl--shteyn_F._Rukovodstvo_kachest- vennomu_khimicheskomu_analizu/index.html 52. M. D. Gordin, Isis, 2012, 103, p. 91. http://dx.doi. org/10.1086/664980 53. F. Beilstein, Anleitung zur qualitativen chemischen Analyse. Zweite Umgearbeitete Auflage. Verlag Von Quandt & Händel, Leipzig, 1870. Retrieved from htt- ps://goobi.tib.eu/viewer/image/837318343/6/ 54. H. C. Bolton, A select bibliography of chemistry, 1492- 1892, Smithsonian Institution, City of Washington, 1893, p. 1171. Retrieved from https://archive.org/ details/selectbibliograp00boltuoft/page/1212/mode/2up 55. F. Beilstein, Inleiding Tot De Qualitatieve Chemische Analyse. (H. IJssel de Scheppe, Trans.), Bij G. Brou- wer, Te Deventer, 1868. Retrieved from https://books. google.pl/books?id=60C9EpX3IkAC&printsec=frontc over&hl 56. F. Beilstein, A Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analy- sis. (W. Ramsay, Trans.), William Collins, Sons, & Company, London, Glasgow, 1873. Retrieved from htt- ps://archive.org/details/b21497242/page/n5/mode/2up 57. F. Beilstein, An Introduction to Qualitative Chemi- cal Analysis. (I. J. Osbun,Trans.), Van Nostrand, New York, 1876. 58. F. Beilstein, Manuel D’Analyse Chimique Qualita- tive. (A. Buisine, P. Buisine, Trans.), Elie Masson, Lille, 1882. Retrieved from https://gallica.bnf.fr/ ark:/12148/bpt6k3067731c 59. F. Beilstein, Lessons in Qualitative Chemical Analysis (C.O. Curtman, Trans.), St. Louis Stationery & Book Co., Saint Louis (Mo.). 1883. Retrieved from https:// archive.org/details/b21498532/page/n5/mode/2up 60. See ref. 54 (Bolton), p. 385. 61. F. Beil’shtein, Rukovodstvo k kolichestvennomu ana- lizu, Tipografiya Tovarishchestva Obshchestvennaya Pol’za, St. Petersburg, 1868 (in Russian). 62. F. Beil’shtein, L. Yu. Jawein, Rukovodstvo k kachest- vennomu i kolichestvennomu khimicheskomu analizu, St. Petersburg, 1890. 63. A. K. Krupskiy, Russkaya Chast’ Khimicheskoy Biblio- grafii (Dolozheno v zasedanii fiziko-matematichesko- go otdeleniya 5-go Oktyabrya 1896 g.) (The Russian Part of the Chemical Bibliography: (Reported at a Meeting of the Physics and Mathematics Depart- ment on October 5, 1896), Tipografiya Imperator- skoy Akademii Nauk, Sankt-Peterburg, 1900, p. 4 (in Russian). Retrieved from Elektronnaya bibli- oteka BELINKI website: http://elib.uraic.ru/han- dle/123456789/16183 64. H.C. Bolton, A Select Bibliography of Chemistry 1492- 1897. First Supplement, Smithsonian Institution, City of Washington, 1899, p. 228. Retrieved from https:// archive.org/details/selectbibliograp01boltuoft/page/ii/ mode/2up 65. F. Beilstein, A. Kurbatow, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1880, 13(2), 1818-1821.https://doi.org/10.1002/ cber.188001302143 66. F. Beilstein, A. Kurbatow, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1881, 14(2), 1620-1622. https://doi.org/10.1002/ cber.18810140211 67. F. F. Beil’shtein, A. A. Kurbatov, Zh. Russ. Fiz.-Khim. O-va. 1883, 15, 5-32. 68. F. Beilstein, A. Kurbatow, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1880, 13(2), 2028-2029. https://doi.org/10.1002/ cber.188001302182 69. See ref. 10 (Walden), p. 26. 70. S. Zamecki, Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki, 1974, 19(1), p. 163 (in Polish). Retrieved from http:// bazhum.muzhp.pl/czasopismo/6/?idno=5951 71. F. Richter, J. Chem. Educ. 1938, 15(7), p. 311. https:// doi.org/10.1021/ed015p310 72. P. Jacobson, Naturwissenschaften, 1919, 7, p. 223. htt- ps://doi.org/10.1007/BF01591603 73. S. R. Heller in The Beilstein Online Database. Imple- mentation, Content, and Retrieval, (Ed.: S. R. Hel- ler), American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1990, p. 2. Retrieved from https://pubs.acs.org/doi/ pdf/10.1021/bk-1990-0436.ch001 74. F. Beilstein, Handbuch der organischen Chemie, Zweite, Gänzlich Umgearbeitete Auflage. Erster Band. Verlag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, Leipzig, 1886. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/handbuch- derorgan01abeil/ 75. F. Beilstein, Handbuch der organischen Chemie, Zweite, Gänzlich Umgearbeitete Auflage. Zwieter Band. Verlag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, Leipzig, 1888. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/handbuchsderorgan- 02beil 145The Eminent Russian – German Chemist Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906) in the Literature between 19th and 21st Centuries 76. F. Beilstein, Handbuch der organischen Chemie, Zweite, Gänzlich Umgearbeitete Auflage. Dritter Band. Verlag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, Leip- zig, 1890. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/ handbuchderorgan03beil 77. See ref. 72 (Jacobson), p. 223. 78. E. Roussanova, Mitteillungen Fachgruppe Geschichte der Chemie (Frankfurt/Main), Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker. 2007, 19, p. 257. Retrieved from https:// www.gdch.de/fileadmin/downloads/Netzwerk_und_ Strukturen/Fachgruppen/Geschichte_der_Chemie/ Mitteilungen_Band_19/2007-19-18.pdf 79. See ref. 10 (Walden), p. 26. 80. F. Beilstein, Handbuch der organischen Chemie, Dritte, Umgearbeitete Auflage. Erster Band. Ver- lag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, Leipzig, 1893. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/handbuch- derorgan01beil/page/n3/mode/2up 81. F. Beilstein, Handbuch der organischen Chemie, Dritte, Umgearbeitete Auflage. Zweiter Band. Verlag von Leo- pold Voss, Hamburg, Leipzig, 1896. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/handbuchderorgan02abeil 82. F. Beilstein, Handbuch der organischen Chemie, Dritte, Umgearbeitete Auflage. Dritter Band. Ver- lag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, Leipzig, 1897. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/handbuchs- derorga03abeil/page/n5/mode/2up 83. F. Beilstein, Handbuch der Organischen Chemie, Dritte Umgearbeitete Auflage, Vierter Band, Ver- lag Von Leopold Voss, Hamburg und Leipzig, 1899. Retrieved from Spravochnik Beil’shteina website: http://chemistry-chemists.com/chemister/Spravoch- nik-Beilstein/Beilsteins-Handbuch0-04-1899.djvu 84. Quoted in ref. 10 (Walden), p. 27. 85. P. I. Walden, Ocherk istorii khimii v Rossii in A. Lad- enburg, Lektsii po Istorii Razvitiya Khimii ot Lavuaz’ye do nashego vremeni (Lectures on the History of the Development of Chemistry from Lavoisier to Our Time), Perevod s 4-go izdaniya. (Ye. S. Yel’chaninov, Trans.), Mathesis, Odessa, 1917, p. 421. (in Russian). Retrieved from http://193.233.14.50/reader/flipping/ Resource-157/ladenburg-a-lekcii-po-teorii-razvitiya- himii-ot-lavuaz-e-do-nashego-vremeni/index.html 86. F. Beilstein, Ergänzungsbände Zur Dritten Auflage des Handbuchs der organischen Chemie. Redigiert von Paul Jasobson. Erster Ergänzungsbänd, Eigenthum Der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, Verlag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, 1901. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/handbuchsderorga01beil/ page/n5/mode/2up 87. F. Beilstein, Ergänzungsbände Zur Dritten Auflage des Handbuchs der organischen Chemie. Redigiert von Paul Jasobson. Zweiter Ergänzungsbänd, Eigenthum Der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, Verlag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, 1903. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/handbuchderorgan02beil/ page/n5/mode/2up 88. F. Beilstein, Ergänzungsbände Zur Dritten Auflage des Handbuchs der organischen Chemie. Redigiert von Paul Jasobson. Dritter Ergänzungsbänd, Eigenthum Der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, Verlag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, 1904. Retrieved from htt- ps://archive.org/details/handbuchsderorga03beil 89. F. Beilstein, Ergänzungsbände Zur Dritten Auflage des Handbuchs der organischen Chemie. Redigiert von Paul Jasobson. Vierter Ergänzungsbänd, Eigenthum Der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, Verlag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, 1906. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/handbuchsderorga04beil/ page/n5/mode/2up 90. F. Beilstein, Ergänzungsbände Zur Dritten Auflage des Handbuchs der organischen Chemie. Redigiert von Paul Jasobson. Fünfter Ergänzungsbänd, Eigenthum Der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, Verlag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, 1906. Retrieved from htt- ps://archive.org/details/handbuchsderorga05beil 91. H. Götze, Springer-Verlag. History of a Scientific Pub- lishing House. Part 2:1945-1992. Rebulding, Opening Frontiers, Securing the Future. (M. Schäfer, Trans. ), Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1996, p. 53. 92. Beilstein Institut. 2020. History. p. 1. Retrieved from Beilstein Institute website: https://www.beilstein- institut.de/en/about-us/history/ 93. See ref. 73 (Heller), p. 2. 94. C. Kettner, Die Geschichte des Beilstein-Instituts. 2007, p. 18. Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/ web/20170320144203/https://www.chemie.uni-ham- burg.de/bibliothek/Institutsgeschichte_Beilstein.pdf 95. Quoted in ref. 91 (Beilstein Institut), p. 1. 96. F. Richter, Angew. Chem. 1925, 38(48), 1096-1098. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.19250384807 97. F. Richter, 75 Jahre Beilsteins Handbuch Der Organis- chen Chemie: Aufsätze Und Reden, Springer, Berlin, 1957. 98. F. Richter, Agnew. Chem. 1958, 70(10), 279-284. htt- ps://doi.org/10.1002/ange.19580701002 99. Quoted in ref. 71 (Richter), p. 310. 100. R. Luckenbach, J. Sunkel, Naturwissenschaften, 1981, 68(2), 53-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01047222 101. Quoted in ref. 100 (Luckenbach, Sunkel), p. 53. 102. See ref. 73 (Heller), p. 1. 103. See ref. 94 (Kettner), p. 17. 104. E. Hepler-Smith, Ambix, 2015, 62(1), 1-28. https:// doi.org/10.1179/1745823414Y.0000000006 146 Aleksander Sztejnberg 105. See ref. 12 (Alekseyev), pp. 346-351. 106. I. Ye. Andreyevskiy (Ed.), Brokgauz - Yefron, Entsik- lopedicheskiy Slovar’ (Brockhaus - Efron, Encyclope- dic Dictionary), t. III., Semenovskaya Tipo Litografi- ya (I. A. Yefrona), St. Peterburg. 1891, pp. 327-328 (in Russian). Retrieved from Rossiyskaya Gosudarst- vennaya Biblioteka Onlayn website: https://dlib.rsl.ru/ viewer/01003924255#?page=338 107. J. C. Poggendorff, Biographisch-Literarisches Hand- wörterbuch zur Geschichte Der Exacten Wissenschaf- ten. Dritter Band (1858-1883). Herausgegeben von B.W. Feddersen und A. J. von Oettingen. I. Abtheilung (A-L), Verlag von Johann Ambrosius Barth, Leipzig, 1898, pp. 96-97. Retrieved from https://archive.org/ details/bub_gb_jgcjAQAAMAAJ/page/n107/mode/2up 108. Val’den Pavel (Paul’) Ivanovich (latysh. Pauls Valdens / nem. Paul Walden). 2017. Retrieved from Arkhivy Rossiyskoy Akademii Nauk website: http://isaran. ru/?q=ru/person&guid=ECE36A00-C62E-C451- 34C2-226AE6BBE6AD&str 109. G. Boeck, ChemText, 2019, 5(6), 1-7. https://doi. org/10.1007/s40828-019-0080-9 110. See ref. 10 (Walden), pp. 24-31. 111. M. A. Blokh, Biograficheskiy spravochnik. Vyday- ushchiyesya khimiki i uchenyye XIX i XX stoletii, rabotavshiyye v smezhnykh s khimiiyeyu oblastyakh nauki Тom II (Biographical Reference Book. Out- standing Chemists and Scientists of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, Working in Areas of Sci- ence Adjacent to Chemistry), Lenkhimsektor, Len- ingrad, 1931, pp. 39-40 (in Russian). Retrieved from http://books.e-heritage.ru/book/10073686 112. F. Richter, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1938, 71(2), A35-A55. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.19380710250 113. F. Richter, Agnew. Chem. 1938, 51(7), 101-107. htt- ps://doi.org/10.1002/ange.19380510702 114. See ref. 5 (Huntress), pp. 303-309. 115. H. M. Smith, Torchbearers of Chemistry. Portraits and Brief Biographies of Scientists Who Have Contrib- uted to the Making of Modern Chemistry, Academic Press, Inc., Publishers, New York, 1949, p. 26. 116. J. R. Partington, A History of Chemistry. Volume Four, Macmillan & Company Limited, London, 1964, pp. 797-798. 117. Yu. S.Musabekov , L. A. Shmulevich, Voprosy Istorii Yestestvoznaniya i Tekhniki AN SSSR. 1969, 3(28), 61-68 (in Russian). 118. O. Krätz, Chem. Unserer Zeit. 1970, 4(4), 115-119. https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19700040404 119. See ref. 2 (Shmulevich, Musabekov) for details. 120. F. K. Velichko, Priroda, 1972, 8, 118-120. Retrieved from https://www.twirpx.com/file/1117980/ 121. R. Luckenbach, Chem. Unserer Zeit. 1981, 15(2), 47-51. https://doi.org/10.1002/ciuz.19810150204 122. E. Roussanova in Russland und die “Göttingische Seele”. 300 Jahre St. Petersburg. Ausstellung in der Paulinerkirche Göttingen unter der Schirmherrschaft von Bundespräsident Johannes Rau und dem Präsi- denten der Russischen Föderation Wladimir Putin (Russia and the “Göttingen Soul”. 300 Years of St. Petersburg. Exhibition in the Paulinerkirche Göt- tingen under the Patronage of Federal President Johannes Rau and the President of the Russian Fed- eration Vladimir Putin). Herausgegeben von Elmar Mittler und Silke Glitsch, 3., erneut durchgesehene Auflage, Universitätsverlag Göttingen, Göttingen, 2004, pp. 405-430. https://doi.org/10.17875/gup2004- 367 123. E. Roussanova, F. K. Beilstein and his Contribution in International Scientific Relations, especially Rus- sian-German. “Organic chemistry since Butlerov and Beilstein until present“: International Conference devoted to the 145th anniversary of the structure theory of organic compounds of A. M. Butlerov and 100th anniversary of the memory to F. F. Beilstein, St. Petersburg, 26.-29.6. 2006, pp. 25-38. 124. M. D. Gordin, Chem. Heritage, 2003/4, 21(4), pp. 10-11, 32-36. 125. M. D. Gordin in Pedagogy and the Practice of Sci- ence: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives, (Ed.: D. Kaiser), MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2005, pp. 11-39. 126. M. D. Gordin, Scientific Babel: How Science was Done Before and After Global English, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2015. 127. E. Roussanova, „Deshalb ist mir um meinen Ruhm nicht bange …︁”. Zum 100. Todestag des deutsch-rus- sischen Chemikers Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838– 1906). Begleitheft zur Ausstellung in der Bereichsbib- liothek Chemie (BBN) der Niedersächsischen Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttngen vom 26. Okto- ber bis 27. November 2006 und in der Bibliothek des Departements Chemie der Universität Hamburg vom 8. bis 22. Dezember 2006, Books on Demand GmbH, Hamburg, Norderstedt, 2006. 128. See ref. 4 (Roussanova, Shcherbinina) for details. 129. E. Roussanova, Mitteillungen Fachgruppe Geschichte der Chemie (Frankfurt/Main), Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker. 2007, 19, 107-132. Retrieved from https:// www.gdch.de/fileadmin/downloads/Netzwerk_und_ Strukturen/Fachgruppen/Geschichte_der_Chemie/ Mitteilungen_Band_19/2007-19-09.pdf 130. E. Roussanova in Naturwissenschaft als Kommuni- kationsraum. Internationale Tagung, Leipzig, 29.9.- 147The Eminent Russian – German Chemist Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906) in the Literature between 19th and 21st Centuries 1.10.2010, (Eds.: O. Riha, M. Fischer), Shaker Verlag GmbH, Aachen, 2011, pp. 75-96. 131. D. E. Lewis, Early Russian Organic Chemists and Their Legacy, Springer, Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London, 2012. 132. K. Müller in Important Figures of Analytical Chem- istry from Germany in Brief Biographies. From the Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century, (D. T. Burns, R. K. Müller, R. Salzer, G. Werner), Springer, Cham, Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London, 2014, pp. 69-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12151-2 133. E. Roussanova in Nemtsy v Rossii. Nemetskiy Mir Sankt-Peterburga (Germans in Russia. German World of St. Petersburg), (Eds.: D. Dahlmann; G. I. Smagi- na), Rostok, Sankt-Peterburg, 2015, pp. 272-300. (in Russian). 134. E. Roussanova, Deutsch-russische Beziehungen in der Chemie des 19. Jahrhunderts. Erster Teil. Biobibliogra- phen, Shaker Verlag GmbH, Aachen, 2018, pp. 146- 172. 135. Yu. A. Zolotov, Ocherki istorii analiticheskoy khimii (Essays on the History of Analytical Chemistry), Tehnosfera, Moskva, 2018 (in Russian). 136. See ref. 5 (Huntress), pp. 303-305. 137.O. Krätz (Ed.), Beilstein – Erlenmeyer. Briefe zur Geschichte der chemischen Dokumentation und des chemischen Zeitschriftenwesens, W. Fritsch Verlag, München, 1972. 138. E. Roussanova in Deutsche im Zarenreich und Rus- sen in Deutschland: Naturforscher, Gelehrte, Ärzte und Wissenschaftler im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert. Vorträge des Symposiums vom 26. und 27. August 2004 am Karl-Sudhoff-Institut für Geschichte der Medizin und der Naturwissenschaften, (Eds.: I. Kästner, R. Pfrep- per), Medizinische Fakultät der Universität Leipzig. Band 12., Shaker Verlag GmbH, Aachen, 2005, pp. 227-272. 139. E. Roussanova, Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838- 1906): Scientific Correspondence of F. K. Beilstein: New Sources. “Organic chemistry since Butlerov and Beilstein until present“: International Conference devoted to the 145th anniversary of the structure theory of organic compounds of A. M. Butlerov and 100th anniversary of the memory to F. F. Beilstein, St. Petersburg, 26.-29.6. 2006, pp. 822-829. 140. E. Roussanova, Friedrich Konrad Beilstein—Chemiker zweier Nationen: Sein Leben und Werk sowie einige Aspekte der deutsch-russischen Wissenschaftsbeziehun- gen in der zweiten Häalfte des 19. Jahrhunderts im Spiegel seines brieflichen Nachlasses. Band II. Briefe und Dokumente. (Friedrich Konrad Beilstein — Chemist of Two Nations: His Life and Work as well as Some Aspects of the German-Russian Scientific Relationship in the Second Half of the 19th Century in the Mirror of His Letters. Volume II. Letters and Documents). Books on Demand GmbH, Hamburg, Norderstedt, 2007. 141. G. V. Bykov (Ed.), Pis’ma russkikh khimikov k A. M. Butlerovu (Letters of Russian chemists to A. M. But- lerov), Nauchnoye nasledstvo, t. 4, Izdatel’stvo Aka- demii Nauk SSSR, Moskva, 1961, pp. 33-51. 142. G. W. Bykow, L. M. Bekassowa, Physis. Rivista Inter- nazionale di Storia della Scienza, 1966, 8, 267-285. 143. See ref. 129 (Roussanova), p. 117. 144. D. Marotta (Ed.), Stanislao Cannizzaro. Scritti Vari E Lettere Inedite Nel Centenario Della Nascita (Various Writings and Unpublished Letters on the Centenary of His Birth), Associazione Italiana Di Chimica Gen- erale Ed Applicata, Tip. Leonardo Da Vinci, Roma, 1926, pp. 325-326. 145. H. E. Roscoe, The Life & Experiences of Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe, D.C.L., LL.D., F.R.S. Written by Him- self, Macmillan And CO., Limited, London, New York, 1906, pp. 414-415. Retrieved from https:// archive.org/details/lifeexperienceso00roscrich/page/ n7/mode/2up 146. R. Anschütz, August Kekulé. Band I., Leben und Werken, Verlag Chemie, G.M.B.H., Berlin, 1929, p. 64. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/ b29931654_0001/page/n3/mode/2up 147. Ficheiro: AK Bunsen-Heidelberg 1857.jpg. n.d. Retrieved from https://pt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Ficheiro:AK_Bunsen-Heidelberg_1857.jpg 148. See ref. 4 (Roussanova, Shcherbinina), pp. 9, 49. 149. See ref. 135 (Roussanova) for details. 150. Beil’shtein Fedor Fedorovich (Fridrikh Konrad) (Frie- drich Konrad Beilstein), 2017, (in Russian). Retrieved from Arkhivy Rossiyskoy akademii nauk website: http://isaran.ru/?q=ru/person&guid=F51DD901- 0609-C7E0-EEB5-2A70E3104401&str= 151. See ref. 10 (Walden), p. 27. 152. A. Sztejnberg, Rev. CENIC Cienc. Quím. 2019, 50(1), 90–102. Retrieved from https://ojs3.cnic.cu/index. php/RevQuim/article/view/297 153. B. Halton, Chem. N. Z. 2018, 82(1), 46-52. Retrieved from https://nzic.org.nz/app/uploads/2018/07/CiNZ- Jan-2018-min.pdf 154. See ref. 78 (Roussanova), pp. 257-261. 155. Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2020. (Sec- ond paragraph). Retrieved from Beilstein-Institut website: https://www.beilstein-institut.de/en/publica- tions/organic-chemistry/ 156. Fedor Fedorovich Beil’shtein (05.02.1838 – 05.10.1906). 2015. Retrieved from WEB-MUZEY 148 Aleksander Sztejnberg Sankt-Peterburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Tekhno- logicheskogo Instituta website: https://museum-spbti. wixsite.com/museum/belstein 157. Quoted in ref. 2 (Shmulevich, Musabekov), p. 5. 158. P. Stumm, Leopold Gmelin (1788-1853). Leben und Werk eines Heidelberger Chemikers, Centaurus Verlag & Media UG, Freiburg, 2012. 159. J. Gregor, Gmelin-Beilstein medal will be awarded to Guillermo Restrepo. Max-Planck-Institut für Math- ematik in den Naturwissenschaften (MPIMIS). 2020. Retrieved from https://nachrichten.idw-online.de/2020/02/27/gme- lin-beilstein-medal-will-be-awarded-to-guillermo- restrepo/ 160. J. Herr, Gmelin-Beilstein-Denkmünze. 2020. Retrieved from the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker website: https://www.gdch.de/gdch/preise-und-ausze- ichnungen/gdch-preise/gmelin-beilstein-denkmuen- ze.html A LIST OF BEILSTEIN’S PUBLICATIONS 1856 —Ueber die Diffusion von Flüssigkeiten. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 99(2), 165-197. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18560990203 1858 —Ueber das Murexid. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 107(2), 176-191. https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18581070206; Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Philoso- phischen - Doctor - Würde, von Fr. C. Beilstein aus Russland, Göttingen. —With A. Geuther. Ueber das Natriumamid. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 108(1), 88-102. https://doi. org/10.1002/jlac.18581080119 1859 —Ueber die Einwirkung verschiedener Aetherarten auf Aether‐Natron und über die Aethylkohlensäure. Jus- tus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 112(1), 121-125. https:// doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18591120113; Action des dif- férents éthers sur l’alcoolate de soude et sur l’acide éthylcarbonique. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L’Academie des Sciences. 48, 960- 963. Retrieved from https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/ bpt6k30054/f956 —Ueber die Umwandlung des Acetals zu Aldehyd. Jus- tus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 112(2), 239-240. https://doi. org/10.1002/jlac.18591120218; Sur la transforma- tion de l’acétal en aldéhyde. Comptes Rendus Heb- domadaires des Séances de L’Academie des Sciences. 48, 1121-1122. Retrieved from https://gallica.bnf.fr/ ark:/12148/bpt6k30054/f1117.item —Sur l’action du perchlorure de phosphore sur l’acétal. Bull. Soc. Chim. 45-47. Retrieved from https://books. google.mw/books?id=4II5AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA5 —Sur l’isomérie des combinaisons organiques. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L’Academie des Sciences. 49, 134-135. Retrie ved f rom https://gallica.bnf.f r/ark:/12148/ bpt6k3006f/f136 —Ueber die Identität des Aethylidenchlorürs und des Chlorürs des gechlorten Aethyls. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1860, 113(1), 110-112. https://doi. org/10.1002/jlac.18601130117 1860 —Ueber die Identität des Chlorbenzols mit dem gechlo- rten Chlorbenzyl (Bichlortoluol). Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 116(3), 336-356. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18601160307 —Notiz über die Einwirkung des Phosphorsuperchlorides auf Cyanursäure. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 116(3), 357-358. https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18601160308 —With F. Seelheim. Ueber das Saligenin. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 117(1), 83-91. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18611170104 1861 —Ueber die Einwirkung des Jodphosphors auf Glycer- insäure. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 120(2), 226-236. https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18611200210 —Note sur le bromure d’éthyle bromé. Bull. Soc. Chim. 121-122. Retrieved from https://gallica.bnf.fr/ ark:/12148/bpt6k298485n/f124 1862 —Ueber die Umwandlung der Glycerinsäure in Acrylsäu- re. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 122(3), 366-374. htt- ps://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18621220310 —With A. Geuther. Notiz über das Dicyandiamid. Jus- tus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 123(2), 241-245. https://doi. org/10.1002/jlac.18621230213 149The Eminent Russian – German Chemist Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906) in the Literature between 19th and 21st Centuries —With R. Rieth. Ueber ein einfaches Verfahren zur Darstellung des Zinkäthyls. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 123(2), 245-248. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18621230214 —With R. Rieth. Ueber neue synthetische Bildungsweis- en des Amylens und des Propylens. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 124(1), 242-248. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18621240109 1863 —With R. Rieth. Ueber die Zersetzung der Aldehyde und Acetone durch Zinkäthyl. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 126(2), 241-247. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18631260212 —With R. Rieth. Ueber die Darstellung des Zinkäthyls. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 126(2), 248-250. https:// doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18631260213 —With R. Rieth. Notiz über die Darstellung des Jodäth- yls. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 126(2), 250-251. htt- ps://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18631260214 —With P. Christofle. Note sur la coloration de la flamme de l’hydrogène par le phosphore et ses composés. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L’Academie des Sciences. 56, 399-401. Retrieved from https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3013s/f399 —With W. Kellner. Ueber Trinitrocressol und Chrysan- issäure. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 128(2), 164-177. https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18631280205 —With A. Reinecke. Ueber die Reduction der sali- cyligen Säure zu Saligenin. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 128(2), 179-180. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18631280207 —With A. Wilbrand. Ueber eine neue Reihe isomerer Verbindungen der Benzoëgruppe. — Nitrodra- cylsäure und deren Derivate. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 128(3), 257-273. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18631280302; Vorläufige Notiz über Nitrodra- cylsäure. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 126(2), 255-256. https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18631260217 1864 —Über die Reduction der Nitrokörper durch Zinn und Salzsäure. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 130(2), 242- 245. https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18641300215 —With P. Alexeyeff. Préparation facile du zinc-éthyle. Synthèse du propylène. Comptes Rendus Hebdo- madaires des Séances de L’Academie des Sciences. 58, 171-173. Retrieved from https://gallica.bnf.fr/ ark:/12148/bpt6k3015d/f173.item —With E. Reichenbach. Untersuchungen über Isomer- ie in der Benzoëreihe. Zweite Abhandlung. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 132(2), 137-155. https://doi. org/10.1002/jlac.18641320202 —With E. Reichenbach. Untersuchungen über Isomerie in der Benzoëreihe: Ueber die Natur der sogen- annten Salylsäure. Dritte Abhandlung. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 132(3), 309-321. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18641320309 1865 —Ueber das Xylol. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 133(1), 32-47. https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18651330103 —Ueber Amidozimmtsäure und Carbostyryl. Zeitschrift für Chemie, 1, 1-3. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftfrch06unkngoog/ page/n6/mode/2up —Ueber die isomeren Chlorbenzoësäuren. Zeitschrift für Chemie, 1, 141-144. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftfrch06unkngoog/ page/n146/mode/2up —Ueber einige Derivate der Brenzschleimsäure. Zeitschrift für Chemie, 1, 144-147. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftfrch06unkngoog/ page/n150/mode/2up —Ueber eine neue Bildungsweise der Toluylsäure und Terephtalsäure. Zeitschrift für Chemie, 1, 212-214. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschrift- frch06unkngoog/page/n220/mode/2up —Beschreibendes und theoretisches Handbuch der Che- mie. Von W. Odling. Deutsch von Dr. A. Oppenhe- im. Erlangen 1865, F. Enke. I Band. (Book review). Zeitschrift für Chemie, 1, 254-256. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftfrch06unkngoog/ page/n264/mode/2up —Ueber das Cumel des Steinkohlentheers. Zeitschrift für Chemie, 1, 277-280. Retrieved from https://archive. org/details/zeitschriftfrch06unkngoog/page/n286/ mode/2up —With P. Geitner. Ueber Amidodracylsäure und Ami- dobenzoësäure. Zeitschrift für Chemie, 1, 505-506. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschrift- frch06unkngoog/page/n514/mode/2up —Einleitung in das Studium der organischen Chemie von A. Butlerow. 385S. Kasan 1864-1865. (Book review). Zeitschrift für Chemie, 1, 727-730. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftfrch06unkngoog/ page/n736/mode/2up —With F. Schlun. Untersuchungen über Isomerie in der Benzoëreihe. Vierte Abhandlung. Ueber die isomeren Chlorbenzoësäuren. Justus Liebigs Ann. 150 Aleksander Sztejnberg Chem. 133(2), 239-252. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18651330218 —With A. Reinecke. Ueber Cyanverbindungen der aromatischen Aldehyde. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 136(2), 169-176. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18651360213; Zeitschrift für Chemie, 1, 464-466. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschrift- frch06unkngoog/page/n474/mode/2up —With H. Schmelz. Ueber einige Derivate der Bren- zschleimsäure. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. Suppl. 3, 275-286. Retrieved from https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uva. x002457967&view=1up&seq=283 —Ueber Amidozimmtsäure und Carbostyryl. Zeitschrift für Chemie, 1, 1-3. Retrieved from https://archive. org/details/zeitschriftfrch06unkngoog/page/n6/ mode/2up 1866 —With H. Yssel de Schepper. Untersuchungen über die Kohlenwasserstoffe des Steinkohlentheers. Zweite Abhandlung. Ueber die Umwandlung des Xylols in Toluylsäure und Terephtalsäure. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 137(3), 301-311. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18661370306 —With A. Kögler. Untersuchungen über die Kohlen- wasserstoff des Steinkohlentheers. Dritte Abhand- lung. Ueber das Cumol des Steinkohlentheers. Jus- tus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 137(3), 317-327. https://doi. org/10.1002/jlac.18661370308 —With P. Geitner. Untersuchungen über Isomerie in der Benzoëreihe. Fünfte Abhandlung. Ueber Amido- benzoësäure und Amidodracylsäure. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 139(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18661390102 —With P. Geitner. Untersuchungen über Isomerie in der Benzoëreihe. Sechste Abhandlung. Ueber das Verh- alten der Homologen des Benzols gegen Chlor. Jus- tus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 139(3), 331-342. https://doi. org/10.1002/jlac.18661390308 —Ueber die Nichtidentität des Chlortoluols mit dem Chlorbenzyl. Zeitschrift für Chemie, 2, 17-19. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ MgY4AAAAMAAJ/page/n23/mode/2up —Ueber isomere Chlortoluole. Zeitschrift für Chemie, 2, 307-308. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MgY4AAAAMAAJ/ page/n313/mode/2up —With G. Hirzel. Ueber die Oxydationsproducte des Steinkohlentheer-Cumols (Trimethyl-B enzol). Zeitschrift für Chemie, 2, 503-504. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ MgY4AAAAMAAJ/page/n511/mode/2up 1867 —Rukovodstvo k kachestvennomu khimicheskomu anali- zu (Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis). Tipo- grafiya Tovarishchestva Obshchestvennaya Pol’za, Sankt-Peterburg. —Anleitung zur qualitativen chemischen Analyse. Verlag Von Quandt & Händel, Leipzig. —Über das Verhalten des Toluols gegen Brom. Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale Des Sciences De ST-Péters- bourg, Ser. 3. 1867, 11, 301-302. Retrieved from https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=osu.3243506 5017626&view=1up&seq=163; Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 143(3), 369-372. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18671430320 —With U. Kreusler. Über Para-Nitrotoluylsäure und deren Derivative. Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale Des Sciences De ST-Pétersbourg, Ser. 3., 11, 412-428. Retrieved from https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id= osu.32435065017626&view=1up&seq=218 —With U. Kreusler. Untersuchungen über Isomerie in der Benzoëreihe: Siebente Abhandlung. Ueber Para‐ Nitrotoluylsäure und deren Derivate. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 144(2), 163-184. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18671440207 —Ueber Benzylbromid und Bromtoluol. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 3, 281-282. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftfrch16unkngoog/ page/n288/mode/2up —With A. Kuhlberg. Ueber substituirte Alkohole und Aldehyde. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 3, 467-469. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschrift- frch16unkngoog/page/n474/mode/2up —With A. Kuhlberg. Ueber Substitutionsproducte des Toluols. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 3, 513-514. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschrift- frch16unkngoog/page/n520/mode/2up —Rukovodstvo k kachestvennomu khimicheskomu ana- lizu. Tipografiya Tovarishchestva Obshchestvennaya Pol’za, Sankt-Peterburg. 1868 —Inleiding Tot De Qualitatieve Chemische Analyse (H. IJssel de Scheppe, Trans.). Bij G. Brouwer, Te Deventer. —Rukovodstvo k kolichestvennomu analizu (Manual of Quantitative Analysis). Tipografiya Tovarishchestva Obshchestvennaya Pol’za, St. Petersburg. 151The Eminent Russian – German Chemist Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906) in the Literature between 19th and 21st Centuries —With A. Kuhlberg. Ueber einige Derivative des Tolu- ols. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 4, 25-27. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftfrch13unkngoog/ page/n32/mode/2up —With A. Kuhlberg. Ueber isomere Tetra- und Penta- chlortoluole. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 4, 276- 278. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschrift- frch13unkngoog/page/n284/mode/2up —With A. Kuhlberg. Ueber Hexachlortoluole. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 4, 561-563. Retrieved from https:// archive.org/details/zeitschriftfrch13unkngoog/page/ n566/mode/2up —With A. Kuhlberg. Ueber Para-Dichlor- und Trichlor- benzoesäure. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 4, 661-664. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschrift- frch13unkngoog/page/n666/mode/2up —Ueber die Oxydationsproducte des Theer-Cumols. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 4, 672. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftfrch13unkngoog/ page/n678/mode/2up 1869 —With A. Kuhlberg. Ueber substituirte Alkohole und Aldehyde. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 147(3), 339- 355. https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18681470306 —With A. Kuhlberg. Untersuchungen über Isomerie in der Benzoëreihe. Neunte Abhandlung. Ueber die gechlorten Derivate des Toluols. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 150(3), 286-314. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18691500303 —With A. Kuhlberg. Untersuchungen über Isomerie in der Benzoëreihe. Zehnte Abhandlung. Ueber Di‐ und Trichlorbenzoësäure. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 152(2), 224-246. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18691520212; Zh. Russ. Khim. O-va. 1, 155-172. —With A. Kuhlberg. Ueber Heptachlortoluole. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 5, 75-77. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftfrch07unkngoog/ page/n82/mode/2up —Ueber die Identität von Dichlorbenzoesäure und Para- Dichlorbenzoesäure. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 5, 180- 181. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschrift- frch07unkngoog/page/n188/mode/2up —With A. Kuhlberg. Ueber Perchlorbenzol und seine Bil- dung aus Toluol und Xylol. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 5, 183. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschrift- frch07unkngoog/page/n190/mode/2up —With A. Kuhlberg. Ueber eine Reihe isomerer Tolu- ol-Derivative. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 5, 280-281. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschrift- frch07unkngoog/page/n288/mode/2up —Supplementband zu Gmelin Handbuch der Chemie. Seite 1-516, bearbeitet von A. Husemann; Seite 517- 1272, bearbeitet von K. Kraut, 2 Abthl. Heidelberg 1867-68. K. Winter. (Book review). Zeitschrift für Chemie. 5, 287-288. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftfrch07unkngoog/ page/n294/mode/2up —With A. Kuhlberg. Ueber Aethyl-Phenol. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 5, 461-463. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschrift- frch07unkngoog/page/n468/mode/2up —With A. Kuhlberg. Ueber isomere Nitrotoluole und Toluidine. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 5, 521-524. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschrift- frch07unkngoog/page/n528/mode/2up —With A. Kuhlberg. Ueber isomere Nitroäthylbenzole und Xylidine. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 5, 524-525. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschrift- frch07unkngoog/page/n532/mode/2up —With A. Kuhlberg. Ueber Dichlor- und Trichlor- benzoesäure. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 5, 526-529. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschrift- frch07unkngoog/page/n534/mode/2up —With A. Kuhlberg. Benzolderivative aus Toluol. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 5, 529-529. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftfrch07unkngoog/ page/n536/mode/2up —With A. Kuhlberg. Issledovaniya ob izomerakh v ben- zoynom ryadu. X. O dvu- i trikhlorbenzoynykh kis- lotakh (Research on Isomers in the Benzoic Series. X. About di- and trichlorobenzoic acids). Zh. Russ. Khim. O-va, 1, 155-172. 1870 —With A. Kuhlberg. Untersuchungen über Isomerie in der Benzoëreihe. Elfte Abhandlung. Die isome- ren Formen des Nitrotoluols. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 155(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18701550102; Zh. Russ. Khim. O-va. 2, 131-151. —With A. Kuhlberg. Untersuchungen über Isomerie in der Benzoëreihe. Zwölfte Abhandlung. Ueber die isomeren Toluidine. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 156(1), 66-84. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18701560110; Zh. Russ. Khim. O-va. 2, 229-242. —With A. Kuhlberg. Untersuchungen über Isomerie in der Benzoëreihe. Dreizehnte Abhandlung. Ueber einige Derivate des Aethylbenzols. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 156(2), 206-215. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18701560213 152 Aleksander Sztejnberg —With A. Kuhlberg. Ueber isomere Nitrotoluole und Toluidine. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 6, 102-103. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschrift- frch11unkngoog/page/n110/mode/2up —J. Wiesner, Die technisch verwendeten Gummiarten, Harze und Balsame. Erlangen, F. Enke. 1869. 205 S. (Book review). Zeitschrift für Chemie. 6, 192. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschrift- frch11unkngoog/page/n200/mode/2up —With A. Kuhlberg. Zur Kenntniss des Ortho-Nitrotolu- ols. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 6, 298-299. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschrift- frch11unkngoog/page/n306/mode/2up —With A. Kuhlberg. Ueber Ortho-Nitrotoluols. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 6, 417-418. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschrift- frch11unkngoog/page/n424/mode/2up —Ueber die Gewinnung des Jods ans Rückständen. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 6, 528-529. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschrift- frch11unkngoog/page/n536/mode/2up; Izvlecheniye yoda iz ostatkov (On the Extraction of Iodine from the Residues). Zh. Russ. Khim. O-va, 2, 186-205. —Fortsetzung zu Gmelin’s Handb. Der Chemie. Bear- beitet und herausgegeben von K. Kraut. Register zu Gmelin’s Handb. Der Chemie. Bd.4-8 und Suppl. Von K. Kraut. Heidelberg, K. Winter. (Book review). Zeitschrift für Chemie. 6, 672. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftfrch11unkngoog/ page/n680/mode/2up —With A. Kuhlberg. O izomernykh nitrotoluolakh (About Isomeric Nitrotoluenes). Zh. Russ. Khim. O-va, 2, 131-152. —With A. Kuhlberg. Ob izomernykh toluidinakh (About Isomeric Toluidines). Zh. Russ. Khim. O-va, 2, 229-242. —With A. Kuhlberg. O nektorykh proizvodnykh etil- benzola (On Some Derivatives of Ethylbenzene). Zh. Russ. Khim. O-va, 2, 268-274. 1871 —With A. Kuhlberg. Untersuchungen über Isomerie in der Benzoëreihe. Vierzehnte Abhandlung. Ueber die Bestimmung des chemischen Ortes in einigen Tolu- olderivaten. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 158(3), 335- 353. https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18711580310 —With A. Kuhlberg. Ueber nitrirtes Ortho-Toluidin. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 7, 99-100. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftfrch31unkngoog/ page/n106/mode/2up —With A. Kuhlberg. Isomere Toluylen-Diamine. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 7, 134-135. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftfrch31unkngoog/ page/n142/mode/2up —With A. Kuhlberg. Ueber Meta-Nitrozimmtsäure und Meta-Nitrobenzoesäure. Zeitschrift für Chemie. 7, 616-618. Retrieved from https://archive.org/details/zeitschrift- frch31unkngoog/page/n624/mode/2up —With A. Kuhlberg. Ob opredelenii khimicheskogo mesta v nekotorykh proizvodnykh toluola (Determi- nation of the Chemical Site in Some Toluene Deriva- tives). Zh. Russ. Khim. O-va, 3, 128-141. 1872 —With A. Kuhlberg. Untersuchungen über Isomerie in der Benzoëreihe. Vierzehnte Abhandlung. Ueber Zimmtsäure und Metanitrobenzoësäure. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 163(1), 121-143. https://doi. org/10.1002/jlac.18721630107 —Ueber den Nachweis von Chlor, Brom und Jod in orga- nischen Substanzen. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 5(2), 620- 621. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.18720050209 —Ob otkrytii khlora, broma i yoda v organicheskikh soyedineniyakh (On the Discovery of Chlorine, Bro- mine and Iodine in Organic Compounds). Zh. Russ. Khim. O-va, 4, 308, 358-359. —With A. Kuhlberg. O korichnoy i meta-nitrobenzoynoy kislotakh (About Cinnamic and Meta-Nitrobenzoic Acids). Zh. Russ. Khim. O-va, 4, 79-95. 1873 —A Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis, (W. Ram- say, Trans.), William Collins, Sons, & Company, Lon- don, Glasgow. —Die chemische Grossindustrie auf der Weltaustellung zu Wien im Jahre 1873, Verlag Von Quandt und Händel, Leipzig. —With A. Kuhlberg. Ueber die Nitroderivate des Naph- talins. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 169(1-2), 81-100. https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18731690105 —With A. Kupffer. Ueber Cymole. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 170(3), 282-290. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18731700303 —With A. Kupffer. Ueber Cuminsäure. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 170(3), 301-304. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18731700306 —With A. Kuhlberg. Ueber Trinitro‐Naphtaline. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 6(1), 647-649. https://doi. org/10.1002/cber.187300601202 —With A. Kupffer. Mittheilungen. I. Ueber Cymole. 153The Eminent Russian – German Chemist Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906) in the Literature between 19th and 21st Centuries Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 6(2), 1181-1184. https://doi. org/10.1002/cber.18730060299 —Ueber die Metall‐Derivate des Cyanamids. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 6(2), 1185-1185. https://doi.org/10.1002/ cber.187300602100 —Die chemische Grossindustrie auf der Weltaustellung zu Wien im Jahre 1873. Verlag Von Quandt & Hän- del, Leipzig. Retrieved from https://opacplus.bsb- muenchen.de/title/BV013564871 —With A. Kuhlberg. O nitroproizvodnykh naftalina (About Nitro- Derivatives of Naphthalene). Zh. Russ. Fiz.-Khim. O-va, 5, 256-270. —With A. Kupffer. O tsimole (About Cymol). Zh. Russ. Fiz.-Khim. O-va, 5, 428-434. —With A. Kupffer. O polynnom masle (About Worm- wood Oil). Zh. Russ. Fiz.-Khim. O-va, 5, 435-444. —With A. Kupffer. O kuminovoy kislote (About Cumic Acid). Zh. Russ. Fiz.-Khim. O-va, 5, 444-447. 1874 —With A. K. Krupskiy. Fabrichnaya khimicheskaya pro- myshlennost’ zapadno-yevropeyskikh stran na vsem- irnoy vystavke v Vene 1873 goda. Sankt-Peterburg. —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber den Zusammenhang sub- stituirter Benzole und Phenole. Ber. dtsch. Chem. Ges. 7(2), 1395-1399. https://doi.org/10.1002/ cber.187400702141 —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber gechlortes Phenylsenföl und dessen Derivate. Ber. dtsch. Chem. Ges. 7(2), 1489- 1491. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.187400702168 —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber isomere Dichlorbenzole. Ber. dtsch. Chem. Ges. 7(2), 1759-1762. https://doi. org/10.1002/cber.187400702249 1875 —With A. Kurbatow. O sootnoshenii ryadov zamesh- chennykh benzolov i fenolov (On the Ratio of the Series of Substituted Benzenes and Phenols). Zh. Russ. Khim. O-va. 7, 10-32. —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber den Zusammenhang sub- stituirter Benzole und Phenole. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 176(1), 27-54. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18751760104 —Untersuchungen über Isomerie in der Benzoëreihe. Fünfzehnte Abhandlung. Ueber Dichlorbenzoësäu- ren. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 179(3), 283-295. htt- ps://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18751790303 —Ueber Dichlorbenzoësäure. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 8(1), 813-815. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.187500801268 —Notiz über Chlorsalicylsäure. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 8(1), 816-816. https://doi.org/10.1002/ cber.187500801269 —Ueber Dichlorbenzoësäure. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 8(2), 924-925. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.18750080208 —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber m‐Chlornitrobenzol. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 8(2), 1417-1418. https://doi. org/10.1002/cber.187500802150 —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber Di‐ und Trichloranilin. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 8(2), 1655-1656. https://doi. org/10.1002/cber.187500802226 1876 —An Introduction to Qualitative Chemical Analysis (I. J. Osbun,Trans.), Van Nostrand, New York. —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber Tetrachlorbenzol. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 9(1), 579-580. https://doi.org/10.1002/ cber.187600901179 —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber Chlornitraniline. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 9(1), 633-635. https://doi.org/10.1002/ cber.187600901194 —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber die Substitution im Benzol. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 182(1-2), 94-112. https:// doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18761820108 1877 —With A. Kurbatow. O produktakh zameshcheniya ben- zola (About Benzene Substitution Products). Zh. Russ. Fiz.-Khim. O-va. 9, 99-114. —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber die Chlorderivate des Benzo- ls. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 10(1), 270-274. https://doi. org/10.1002/cber.18770100180 —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber das Verhalten einiger Nitrokörper gegen Schwefelwasserstoff. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 10(2), 1992-1994. https://doi.org/10.1002/ cber.187701002184 —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber Dichloraniline. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 10(2), 2089-2091. https://doi.org/10.1002/ cber.187701002218 1878 —With A. Kurbatow. 1. Ueber die Chlorderivate des Ben- zols. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 192(1-2), 228-240. https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18781920125; O khlo- rzameshchennykh produktakh benzola (On Chlo- roderivatives of Benzol). Zh. Russ. Fiz.-Khim. O-va. 10, 326-336. 154 Aleksander Sztejnberg —Ueber die Scheidung des Zinks vom Nickel. Ber. dtsch. Chem. Ges. 11(2), 1715-1718. https://doi. org/10.1002/cber.187801102130 —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber Chloraniline. B er. dtsch. Chem. Ges. 11(2), 1860-1863. https://doi. org/10.1002/cber.187801102170 —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber Chlornitroaniline. Ber. dtsch. Chem. Ges. 11(2), 1978-1980. https://doi. org/10.1002/cber.187801102200 —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber das Verhalten eini- ger Nitrokörper gegen Schwefelwasserstoff. Ber. dtsch. Chem. Ges. 11(2), 2056-2057. https://doi. org/10.1002/cber.187801102228 —Ueber Perchlorphenolchlorid C6Cl5 (HO).Cl2, Ber. dtsch. Chem. Ges. 11(2), 2182-2183. https://doi. org/10.1002/cber.187801102264 —Ob otdelenii tsinka ot nikelya (Separation of Zinc from Nickel). Zh. Russ. Fiz.-Khim. O-va, 10, 400-404. 1879 —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber Chlor‐ und Chlornitraniline. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 196(2), 214-238. https:// doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18791960204 —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber das Verhalten einiger Nitrokörper zu Schwefelwasserstoff. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 197(1), 75-85. https://doi.org/10.1002/ jlac.18791970107 —With L. Jawein. Ueber die quantitative Bestimmung des Zinks. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 12(1), 446-448. https:// doi.org/10.1002/cber.187901201124 —With L. Jawein. Behandlung der Bunsen’schen Ele- mente. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 12(1), 448-448. https:// doi.org/10.1002/cber.187901201125 —With L. Jawein. Ueber die quantitative Bestimmung des Cadmiums. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 12(1), 759-762. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.187901201212 —With L. Jawein. Ueber die directe Trennung des Man- gans vom Eisen. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 12(2), 1528- 1531. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.18790120280 —With A. Kurbatow. O khloranilinakh i khlornitroanili- nakh (About Chloranilines and Chloronitroanilines). Zh. Russ. Fiz.-Khim. O-va, 11, 325-344. —With A. Kurbatow. Ob otnoshenii nekotorykh nitrotel k sernistomu vodorodu (On the Relation of Some Nitrobodies to Hydrogen Sulphide). Zh. Russ. Fiz.- Khim. O-va, 11, 368-377. 1880 —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber die Constitution einiger Naphtalinderivate. Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 202(2), 213-229. https://doi.org/10.1002/jlac.18802020205 —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber Dinitronaphtalin. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 13(1), 353-354. https://doi.org/10.1002/ cber.188001301104 —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber Dinitrobenzoësäure. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 13(1), 355-355. https://doi. org/10.1002/cber.188001301105 —With L. Jawein. Ueber die Werthbestimmung von Zink und Zinkstaub. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 13(1), 947- 950. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.188001301265 —Ueber Dinitroparatoluidin. B er. dtsch. chem. Ges. 13(1), 242-244. https://doi.org/10.1002/ cber.18800130166 —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber die Natur des kaukasischen Petroleums. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 13(2), 1818-1821. https://doi.org/10.1002/cber.188001302143 —With A. Kurbatow. Ueber die Kohlenwasserstoffe des amerikanischen Petroleums. Ber. dtsch. chem. Ges. 13(2), 2028-2029. https://doi.org/10.1002/ cber.188001302182 1881 —With A. Kurbatow. II. 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Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale Des Sciences De ST-Pétersbourg, Sér. 5., 5(4), 156 Aleksander Sztejnberg 283-293. Retrieved from https://www.biodiversityli- brary.org/item/93790#page/377/mode/1up —Pamyati Avgusta Kekule (In memory of August Kekulé). Zh. Russ. Fiz.-Khim. O-va, 28, 703-705. 1899 —Handbuch der organischen Chemie. Dritte Auflage. Vier Bände (4 vols., I Bd., 1893; II Bd. 1896; III Bd.1897; IV Bd. 1899. Verlag von Leopold Voss, Hamburg, Leipzig, 1893-1899. Substantia An International Journal of the History of Chemistry Vol. 5, n. 1 - 2021 Firenze University Press Giving Credit Where It’s Due – The Complicated Practice of Scientific Authorship Seth C. Rasmussen History of Research on Antisense Oligonucleotide Analogs Jack S. Cohen Chemistry, Cyclophosphamide, Cancer Chemotherapy, and Serendipity: Sixty Years On Gerald Zon Thermodynamics of Life Marc Henry Darwin and Inequality Enrico Bonatti Loren Eiseley’s Substitution Bart Kahr New Insight into the “Fortuitous Error” that Led to the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry Udagawa Youan (1798-1846), Pioneer of Chemistry Studies in Japan from Western Sources and his Successors Yona Siderer Capillary Electrophores is and Its Basic Principles in Historical Retrospect 1. The early decades of the “Long Nineteenth Century”: The Voltaic pile, and the discovery of electrolysis, electrophoresis and electroosmosis Ernst Kenndler1,*, Marek Minárik2,3 The Eminent Russian – German Chemist –Friedrich Konrad Beilstein (1838-1906) in the Literature between the 19th and 21st Centuries Aleksander Sztejnberg Review of What Is a Chemical Element? By Eric Scerri and Elena Ghibaudi, eds. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020 Helge Kragh