edit.indd Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2019 : 43 - 53 | 43 Regional Autonomy in Realizing Good Governance Regional Autonomy in Realizing Good Governance Roy Marthen Moonti Faculty of Law, Universitas Gorontalo email: roymoonti16@gmail.com ABSTRACT Good Governance in regional autonomy is a phenomenon whose principle is talking about government or good government in terms of realizing good governance through the context of public services. The purpose of regional autonomy is solely to provide satisfaction to the community and prosperity of society in a government area. The purpose of this study is to determine the development of current regional autonomy in realizing Good Governance as intended. The research method used in the preparation of this study is a normative juridical method that is, in answering the problems of the realization of good governance, the legal point of view is based on the applicable legal regulations, henceforth it is connected with the reality in the field relating to the issues to be discussed. In terms of the development of regional autonomy, of course there are several things that are the main indicators, namely Equalization and Improvement of Development in the Regions, Improvement of Services for Communities, Optimization of Natural Resources and Human Resources in the Regions. Keywords : Regional Autonomy; Good Governance. INTRODUCTION The essence of regional autonomy is the freedom of local people to regulate and manage their own interests which are locality for the implementation of welfare. In autonomy, there is an intrinsic value, namely the value of democracy and its own initiative. Making autonomy not only means carrying out democracy but encouraging the development of own initiatives, which means self-decision making and the self-interest of the local community. Thus democracy, namely the government from, by and for the people can be achieved. The people not only determine their own destiny but also improve their own destiny. The implementation of regional governance involving broad community participation enables the creation of a democratic local government in order to lead to good governance In theory and practice the modern government is taught that to create The Good Governance needs to be a decentralized government. Good governance refer to the governance process through the involvement of broad stakeholders in the economic, social and political fields as well as the utilization of natural, financial and human resources for the benefit of all parties, namely the government, the private sector and the people in a manner that is in accordance with the principles of justice, honesty, equality, efficiency, transparency, and accountability.1 1Irwan, A. L. (2008). Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah dalam Mendukung Pelaksanaan Good Governance di Indonesia. Government: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, Universitas Hasanuddin, 1(1), pp. 89 – 90. Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2019 : 43 - 53 44 | Regional Autonomy in Realizing Good Governance Basically, the concept of Good Governance provide recommendations on a system of governance that emphasizes equality between state institutions, both at the central and regional levels, the private sector and civil society. Good Governance according to this view means an agreement regarding the setting state created jointly by governments, the public expressed interest, using the legal rights, obligations and bridge the differences between them. An explanation that Good Governance defined as the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) is the implementation of politics, economics and administration and managing problems of the nation. The implementation of this authority is said to be good or smooth if it is carried out effectively and efficiently, responsive to the needs of the people, in a democratic, accountable and transparent atmosphere.2 The policy on regional autonomy gives very broad autonomy to the regions, especially cities and districts. Regional autonomy is carried out in order to restore the dignity of the people in the region, provide opportunities for political education in order to improve the quality of democracy in the region, increase the efficiency of public services in the region, increase the acceleration of development in the region, and ultimately the creation of good governance. The giving and authority and responsibility as stipulated in Law Number 23 the Year 2014 concerning Regional Government must be balanced with the distribution of adequate sources of income that are capable and support the implementation of the authority and responsibility given. In the current era of autonomy, efforts to continue to rely on assistance from the Central Government or higher levels of government cannot be maintained anymore. Autonomy demands regional independence in various fields, including independence in funding and implementing development in the region. Therefore, the regions are required to try to increase regional original income or Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), in order to reduce dependence on the Central Government.3 As we all know with the provision of autonomy to the regions, the principles of regional government administration will always present two main considerations, namely considerations regarding efforts to ensure the continuity and success of national development and consideration to accommodate the aspirations of the people in the regions so that they can be more empowered regional development. People in the regions will be more established and not dependent on government assistance. The paradigm of community/society empowerment rests on a thought; development will proceed automatically if the community is given the right to manage the natural resources they have with their own abilities and use them for the development of their communities.4 2P., Eddy Suryanto H. (2008). Kajian Good Governance terhadap Otonomi Daerah Menuju Keadilan dan Demokratisasi Hukum. Wacana Hukum, Universitas Slamet Riyadi, 7(2), p. 94. 3Habibi, M. M. (2015). Analisis Pelaksanaan Desentralisasi dalam Otonomi Daerah Kota/Kabupaten. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, Universitas Negeri Malang, 28(2), pp. 117 – 118. 4Tori, H. (2011). Kebijakan Otonomi Daerah dan Keadilan dalam Mewujudkan Good Governance. Jurnal Tapis: Jurnal Teropong Aspirasi Politik Islam, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung, 7(1), p. 93. Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2019 : 43 - 53 | 45 Regional Autonomy in Realizing Good Governance Indonesia about this case choosing the decentralization of government based on our amended constitution, namely: the 1945 Constitution Article 1 paragraph (1), and article 18; accompanied by the implementation of regional autonomy. The choice was made for several reasons. Politically, decentralization of government prevents the accumulation of power in a group of people by educating people to actively participate in using their rights and obligations in government. Organizationally decentralization leads to efficient government; regional affairs are carried out by the regional government and national affairs/interests are handled by the central government; hence (political) decision making can be done quickly and precisely, so that the problems and obstacles that arise due to differences in geographical, demographic, socio-economic, cultural, legal and so on factors can be more easily estimated and overcome.5 Culturally the government can devote development in the region cause it better understands the aspirations and needs of the community and is able to reach services to the people. The development of regional autonomy has logical consequences, namely respecting and realizing people’s aspirations, needs and ideas in solving problems that arise. Juridically and sociologically, regional autonomy belongs to the people who live and live in the territories of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, whose rights and obligations are guaranteed. The transfer of power from the New Order to the Reformation Order underwent changes also in the case of a centralized government system that became a decentralized system in which the regions had extensive authority to regulate their own territory or region. With the granting of regional autonomy on the basis of law number 22 of 1999 which was later replaced by Law Number 32 the year 2004 and later amended again into Law Number 23 the year 2014 concerning Regional Government, thus the regions have a large duty and authority over own area. The implementation of regional autonomy in order to function optimally and in accordance with the expectations of our constitution of the 1945 Constitution article 18, the regions must be prepared to manage natural resources, human resources and explore the potentials in the area so that they benefit the local community. in particular and for the advancement of the nation and the State. With the implementation of regional autonomy, it will have a positive and negative impact on the local community on the law, economy, social, culture, the behavior of the community and the government and so on.6 The problem in research is how the development of regional autonomy in realizing Good Governance. 5Bunga, M., Aswari, A., & Djanggih, H. (2018). Konsepsi Penyelamatan Dana Desa dari Perbuatan Korupsi. Halu Oleo Law Review, Universitas Halu Oleo, 2(2), p. 454. 6Mastur, M. (2015). Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah dan Dampaknya terhadap Hukum dan Perubahan Sosial. Qistie: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Wahid Hasyim, 8(1), p. 2. Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2019 : 43 - 53 46 | Regional Autonomy in Realizing Good Governance METHODS The research method used in the preparation of this research is the normative juridical method that is, in answering the problem a legal point of view is used based on applicable legal regulations, henceforth it is connected with the reality in the field relating to the issues to be discussed.7 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION A. Equalization and Improvement of Development in the Region Law Number 32 the year 2004 as amended by Law Number 23 the year 2014 concerning Regional Government in Article 1 number 2 states that Regional Government is the administration of government affairs by the regional government and DPRD according to the principle of autonomy. and the task of assisting with the broadest principle of autonomy in the system and principles of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia as referred to in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. In connection with that, the transfer of power from the people to the state is divided into 2: (1) Government as executive which is entrusted with the power to implement various community needs arrangements; (2) People’s representative institution as legislative, namely an authorized institution in terms of formulating and making rules to be implemented by the government and supervising government actions. The implementation of regional autonomy with the principle of decentralization has a positive impact in the context of equity and improvement of development in the region which is a means to enable local communities to be able to optimize their ability to prosper their lives. The idea of decentralization arose as a result of the demands of the community for the need to accelerate public services that must be carried out by the government to the community. Successful implementation of the public service functions by local governments will affect the realization of the concept of the welfare state as mandated in the 1945 opening paragraph 4, namely: Protecting the entire Indonesian nation and the entire homeland of Indonesia and to promote the general welfare, educating the nation, and participate in carrying out world order based on freedom, eternal peace and social justice.8 Regional autonomy is an effort to the achievement of one of the country’s goals, namely to improve the welfare of the community through equal distribution of development and its results. Regions have the authority to make regional policies to provide services, increase participation, initiatives and community empowerment aimed at improving people’s welfare. The purpose of granting regional autonomy is 7Sunggono, B. (2002). Metodologi Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, p. 43. 8Sari, S. (2015). Implementasi Good Governance dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah di Kota Bukittinggi. Jurnal Idea Hukum, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, 1(2), pp. 88 – 89. Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2019 : 43 - 53 | 47 Regional Autonomy in Realizing Good Governance to enable the regions concerned to regulate and manage their own households to increase the usability and results for the administration of government. The policy on regional autonomy must be accompanied by the principle of decentralization. Decentralization is an economy, namely the process of giving autonomy to the community in a certain area. The link between decentralization and regional autonomy as expressed by Gerald S. Maryanow is two sides of one currency. Decentralization certainly includes the transfer of authority in managing the regional finances. So that one of the consequences of the implementation of regional autonomy is the existence of fiscal decentralization policies.9 The realization of regional autonomy in the context of equitable distribution of regional development is a joint effort that must be carried out evenly in all levels of society, where every citizen has the right to have the opportunity to achieve that goal. According to Law Number 32 of 2004 concerning Regional Government which regulates the problem of Regional Autonomy is an implementation regulation that carries out the constitutional mandate, specifically article 18 of the 1945 Constitution. The regional government is part of the decentralization process aimed at achieving equitable regional development. With the existence of a clear relationship between the regional government and its instruments in various regions, the regions should be able or they can develop themselves more directed according to their respective identities and peculiarities. Decentralization in regional autonomy is considered to be able to answer the demands of equity, effective political development. Regional autonomy guarantees the handling of variations in the demands of the community quickly and precisely in order to create equitable development. That is, in developing countries centralized planning is not only complicated and difficult to implement, but also has not been in accordance with the need to increase equitable development. Utilization of natural and human resources in the region should be accompanied by efforts to reduce activities that focus on national planning and increase awareness about the need to decentralize and provide autonomy to the regions to make decisions concerning the main interests of the region, in addition to giving greater responsibility to regions to plan and implement development programs. Such changes are in fact not only concerned with technical and administrative matters but also political matters, namely with regard to delegation of authority from a group of decision makers in power at the centre to government power holders at the regional level. Equitable development as a manifestation of the implementation of economic democracy is a development effort based on the spirit and spirit of togetherness 9Nurana, A. C., & Muta’ali, L. (2012). Analisis Dampak Kebijakan Otonomi Daerah terhadap Ketimpangan Perkembangan Wilayah di Kawasan Ciayumajakuning. Jurnal Bumi Indonesia, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 1(3), p. 174. Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2019 : 43 - 53 48 | Regional Autonomy in Realizing Good Governance and kinship, in which cooperatives are developed as a healthy, resilient, strong and independent people’s economic movement so that they can act as a pillar of the national economy. Equitable development provides equal opportunities for every citizen. communities throughout the country to contribute their work while simultaneously fulfilling their basic needs, and developing activities in all aspects of life. Equity also accelerates the growth of disadvantaged groups, sectors, or regions. Regional economies are developed in a harmonious and balanced manner between regions, in a national economic unit by optimizing the potential and regional participation optimally in order to realize the Archipelago’s Insight and strengthen national security. Equitable and equitable development that is more able to guarantee sustainability because it is supported by the broadest active participation of the people and utilizes the maximum potential of the people. Success with equitable development is the main capital in the nation’s efforts to improve the development and growth of the people’s economy, strengthen social solidarity, overcome poverty, and prevent the process of emerging new poverty that may arise. Poverty is a situation of complete deprivation of the population that is manifested in and caused by limited capital, low knowledge and skills, low productivity, low income, weak exchange rates of poor people’s products, and limited opportunities to participate in development. The low income of the poor results in low education and health which affects their already low productivity and increases the burden of dependence on society. The population that is still below the poverty line includes those who have very low incomes, do not have a fixed income, or have no income at all.10 Positive Impact of Regional Autonomy on Equitable Development, namely the Regional Government will be easier to develop a culture that is owned by the area and it is easier to manage existing or regional resources, Regions better know what is needed more by the region to improve equitable development, All components that exist in the area starting from the government or the community in general, can develop creativity and innovations in various fields in order to improve the equitable development of the region or in other words all components participate in the effort of equitable development. While the negative impact is in each policy taken, besides the positive side there is also a negative side. Likewise in the implementation and implementation of regional autonomy, it has a negative impact on equitable distribution of national development. Before discussing the negative impacts of regional autonomy, we must know the factors that influence the implementation of regional autonomy, community participation in the implementation of regional autonomy, and the attractiveness of regional autonomy for the community. 10BAPPENAS. (2009). BAB 9: Pemerataan Pembangunan dan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan. In Repelita VI – Buku II. Jakarta: Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional. Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2019 : 43 - 53 | 49 Regional Autonomy in Realizing Good Governance B. Improvement of Services for the Society With the increase of the authority granted, the government apparatus in the regions can better manage and organize public services according to the needs of the community, “Regional autonomy is the authority to regulate government affairs that are local in nature based on people’s aspirations”. With the existence of regional autonomy, it is hoped that the provision of services to the community will be more effective. But until now the quality of public services still has services that are difficult to access, convoluted and unclear costs and there are still illegal fees. In addition, there are also injustices in public services where the people belonging to the poor category will get difficulties when getting services otherwise people who are classified as capable will find it easier to get services. For this reason, if this injustice occurs, this siding service will create the potential for national disintegration, the difference between the rich and the poor in the context of service, a slow economic increase. The incident happened because the old paradigm was marked by the state apparatus in the bureaucratic environment placing themselves to be served not to serve. Even though the government should be aware that service is a service that prioritizes efficiency and success in building the nation. In order for quality public services, it is appropriate for the government to reform the public service paradigm. This reform of public services is a shift in the pattern of government-oriented public service providers as providers of services oriented to the needs of the community as users. Submission of authority must also be used wisely by the local government by serving the needs of the community without discriminating status, race, religion, certain groups and interests that often make services not effective and disappoint the community, especially the lower middle class. In this regard, there are several efforts that can be made in improving the quality of public services, including: 1. Revitalization, restructuring, and deregulation in the field of public services; 2. Increased professionalism of public servant officials; 3. Corporatization of public service units; 4. Development and utilization Electronic Government for public service agencies; 5. Increased public participation in public services; 6. Giving awards and sanctions to the community service unit. As the first step in efforts to improve quality public service is through revitalization, restructuring, and deregulation in the field of public services. By changing the position and role in revitalization of bureaucracy in providing services to the public. From those Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2019 : 43 - 53 50 | Regional Autonomy in Realizing Good Governance who like to govern and govern, to change to serving, from those who like to use the power approach, turn to be helpful towards a flexible collaborative direction, and from slogans ways to realistic ways of working. In connection with this, it is emphasized that the public bureaucracy should not prioritize authority, but what needs to be prioritized is the role of public servants. Another important aspect of improving the quality of public services is conducting institutional restructuring by forming the right organization. Appropriate organizational can be interpreted as an effort to simplify the bureaucratic governmental organization aiming to develop a more proportional, flat transparent, short hierarchy and decentralized authority. The posture of public service organizations will be more proportional, effective and efficient and supported by quality human resources. This can happen if public officials are committed to the four principles of service quality, namely reliability, surprise, recovery and fairness. Reliability concerning the reliability and accuracy of services. This concerns the fulfilment of promises. The quality of service will be highly dependent and is usually measured by the TERRA principle which stands for service quality elements which include: tangibles, forty, reliability, responsiveness and assurance.11 In the future, what can be expected from regional autonomy is the provision of more satisfying public services, accommodating community participation, reducing the burden on the central government, growing regional independence and maturity and formulating programs that are more in line with regional needs. In this case, it can be seen that regional autonomy is a manifestation of political will to improve public services. In addition, regional autonomy was also recognized as a principle needed for government efficiency. Therefore, the government needs to be closer to the community, so that the services provided are getting better. According to the government’s view of science, one way to bring government closer to society is to implement a decentralization policy. C. Optimization of Human Resources in the Region Human resources are the potential contained in humans to realize their role as social beings who adaptive and transformative are able to manage themselves and all the potential contained in achieving prosperity in a balanced and sustainable order. Human resources are one of the key factors in economic reform, namely how to create quality and skilled human resources with high competitiveness in global competition. The 21st century presents a national and international strategic environment that is different from the strategic challenges faced in the 20th Century. At the end of 11Maani, K. D. (2005). Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Pelayanan Publik di Era Otonomi Daerah. Jurnal Demokrasi, Universitas Negeri Padang, 4(2), pp. 28 – 29. Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2019 : 43 - 53 | 51 Regional Autonomy in Realizing Good Governance the 20th Century and in the early decades of the 21st Century, Indonesia faced severe challenges in all fields. The implementation of bureaucratic reform is an important strategy carried out in preparing themselves to face these challenges. The bureaucratic reforms that have long been rolled out actually have a basic goal in the form of changes in the mindset of the running personnel and systems that can control the organization, management, human resources of the apparatus, supervision and public services. However, this main objective has hitherto been constrained by the existence of institutional weaknesses in the tendency to prioritize structural approaches rather than functional approaches. the most important factor in organizational structuring is precisely the quality and capability of human resources in formulating the organization’s mission and strategy vision, workload analysis. Bureaucratic reform is directed at creating clean, responsible, professional, efficient and effective bureaucracy, and creating excellent service to the public. Conceptually in creating this, it starts from the redefinition of vision, mission and strategy, the study of restructuring and the merging and refinement of functions, the analysis of the workload analysis of organizational units. Human resources apparatus as a driver and organizer of government tasks plays an important role in a system of government. Therefore, the basic foundation of complete bureaucratic reform must begin with the reform of human resources apparatus management. This apparatus human resource management reform is an urgent need to be implemented in order to obtain professional, high-performing, and prosperous apparatus in supporting the achievement of good bureaucratic management.12 Human resources in the context of development activities in the region are increasingly significant. This human resource factor has presented a new thought process in the study of development theories, which place human resources as the main axis of development both on a global, national and regional scale. Development strategies based on the development of human resources development are considered very relevant and suitable with the conditions and character of development, especially in developing countries since the 80’s.13 Bureaucratic reform is a means for a country to achieve good governance. In the implementation of bureaucratic reform, the most important thing is to improve the quality of the human resources of the government apparatus. Human resources are apparatus is the most important thing in determining the successful implementation of bureaucratic reform. One strategy in improving the quality of human resource 12Akny, A. B. (2014). Mewujudkan Good Governance melalui Reformasi Birokrasi di Bidang SDM Aparatur untuk Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Pegawai. Jejaring Administrasi Publik: Jurnal Ilmiah, Universitas Airlangga, 6(1), pp. 416 – 417. 13Junaidi, J., & Zulgani, Z. (2011). Peranan Sumberdaya Ekonomi dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi Daerah. Jurnal Pembangunan Daerah, Kementerian Dalam Negeri, 3, pp. 28 – 29. Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2019 : 43 - 53 52 | Regional Autonomy in Realizing Good Governance personnel is in the area of employee welfare. Improvement of the system and expected implementation will be able to remunerate the performance of employees so that they can maximize the implementation of services and carry out their functions. so that it can improve governance. CONCLUSION To realize regional autonomy in the context of good governance and its development requires support from all parties both from the government itself and the community. The development of regional autonomy has had several impacts on the community, namely Equalization and Improvement of Development in the Regions, Improvement of Services for the Community and Optimization of Human Resources in the Regional. To realize the development of regional autonomy is to increase creativity and innovation in government and it must, begin at the individual level then groups and organizations. This is so that all elements will be able to develop skills and can facilitate the development of regional autonomy. REFERENCE Akny, A. B. (2014). Mewujudkan Good Governance melalui Reformasi Birokrasi di Bidang SDM Aparatur untuk Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Pegawai. Jejaring Administrasi Publik: Jurnal Ilmiah, Universitas Airlangga, 6(1), 416 – 427. BAPPENAS. (2009). BAB 9: Pemerataan Pembangunan dan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan. In Repelita VI – Buku II. Jakarta: Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional. Bunga, M., Aswari, A., & Djanggih, H. (2018). Konsepsi Penyelamatan Dana Desa dari Perbuatan Korupsi. Halu Oleo Law Review, Universitas Halu Oleo, 2(2), 448 – 459. Habibi, M. M. (2015). Analisis Pelaksanaan Desentralisasi dalam Otonomi Daerah Kota/ Kabupaten. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, Universitas Negeri Malang, 28(2), 117 – 124. Irwan, A. L. (2008). Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah dalam Mendukung Pelaksanaan Good Governance di Indonesia. Government: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, Universitas Hasanuddin, 1(1), 89 – 98. Junaidi, J., & Zulgani, Z. (2011). Peranan Sumberdaya Ekonomi dalam Pembangunan Ekonomi Daerah. Jurnal Pembangunan Daerah, Kementerian Dalam Negeri, 3, 27 – 33. Maani, K. D. (2005). Upaya Peningkatan Kualitas Pelayanan Publik di Era Otonomi Daerah. Jurnal Demokrasi, Universitas Negeri Padang, 4(2), 25 – 34. Volume 2, Issue 1, June 2019 : 43 - 53 | 53 Regional Autonomy in Realizing Good Governance Mastur, M. (2015). Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah dan Dampaknya terhadap Hukum dan Perubahan Sosial. Qistie: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Wahid Hasyim, 8(1), 1 – 15. Nurana, A. C., & Muta’ali, L. (2012). Analisis Dampak Kebijakan Otonomi Daerah terhadap Ketimpangan Perkembangan Wilayah di Kawasan Ciayumajakuning. Jurnal Bumi Indonesia, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 1(3), 172 – 181. P., Eddy Suryanto H. (2008). Kajian Good Governance terhadap Otonomi Daerah Menuju Keadilan dan Demokratisasi Hukum. Wacana Hukum, Universitas Slamet Riyadi, 7(2), 93 – 106. Sari, S. (2015). Implementasi Good Governance dalam Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah di Kota Bukittinggi. 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